Wikiversity:Policies

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    <title>Wikiversity:Policies</title>
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      <comment>/* Best practice guidelines */ Removed * [[Wikiversity:Deletion policy|Deletion policy]] - proposed policy instead</comment>
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{{RoundBoxTop|theme=7}}
{{center top}}{{Shortcut|WV:RULES|WV:POLICY}}See the [[Wikiversity talk:Policies|talk page]] for general discussion about Wikiversity policies.{{center bottom}} 
{{center top}}Please note that the [[Wikiversity:Wikiversity_project_proposal|Wikiversity project proposal]] underlies these policies. {{center bottom}} 
Discussions related to the development of research policy are conducted in a multi-lingual format at [http://beta.wikiversity.org beta.wikiversity.org]—you can start at: [[betawikiversity:Wikiversity:Research guidelines/En|Research guidelines]].
{{RoundBoxBottom}}
=== Policies required by the Wikimedia Foundation ===
Policies listed at [[Meta:Meta:Policies and guidelines|Meta:Policies and guidelines]] for all Wikimedia projects are outside the direct control of the Wikiversity community and must be followed by Wikiversity.

Meta also lists some policies which are adopted by some projects.

For example, [[Meta:Neutral point of view]] is adopted by some Wikimedia projects. However, Wikiversity has developed policies that allow participants to NOT use the neutral point of view (NPOV) in [[betawikiversity:Wikiversity:Research guidelines#Neutral_point_of_view|some situations]]. Editing outside of the constraints imposed by NPOV imposes other [[Wikiversity:Disclosures|special requirements]] on editors. Most Wikiversity pages adhere to NPOV.

=== Existing policies ===
This is a list of official policies that have been {{oldid|Wikiversity:Policies|9980|adopted on the English Wikiversity}} (the link shows the voting). The adoption process is discussed on the talk page. A policy should already have the [[:Template:Policy]] banner before being added to this list.

====Behavioural====
* [[Wikiversity:Assume Good Faith|Assume Good Faith]]
* [[Wikiversity:Civility|Civility]]

====Content====
* [[Wikiversity:Reliable sources|Reliable sources]]
* [[Wikiversity:Verifiability|Verifiability]]

====General====
* [[Wikiversity:Be bold|Be bold]]
* [[Wikiversity:What is Wikiversity?|What is Wikiversity?]]

====Other====
* [[Wikiversity:Community Review Policy|Community Review Policy]]
* [[Wikiversity:Bots|Bots]]
* [[Wikiversity:CheckUser policy|CheckUser policy]]
* [[Wikiversity:Interface administrators|Interface administrators]]
* [[Wikiversity:Custodianship|Custodianship]]
* [[Wikiversity:Rollback|Rollback]]
* [[Wikiversity:Privacy policy|Privacy policy]]

=== Draft policies ===
''Note: These policies are in development. Please contribute and comment.''
* [[Wikiversity:Artificial intelligence|Artificial intelligence]]

=== Proposed policies ===
''Note: Some of these policies were [http://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity:Policies&amp;direction=prev&amp;oldid=12406 rejected by vote] shortly after Wikiversity's foundation. These policies should be revised and resubmitted for approval or archived.''

====Behavioural====
* [[Wikiversity:No legal threats|No legal threats]]
* [[Wikiversity:Respect people|Respect people]]

====Content policies====
* [[Wikiversity:Academic freedom|Academic freedom]]
* [[Wikiversity:Cite sources|Cite sources]]
* [[Wikiversity:Course Titles and Numbers | Course Titles and Numbers]]
* [[Wikiversity:Disclosures|Disclosures]] (incorporates NPOV and Confessions)
* [[Wikiversity:External links]]
* [[Wikiversity:Free license content]]
* [[Wikiversity:Naming conventions|Naming conventions]] 
** (rejected by 3:2 in August 2006; 1 abstention) 
** (As of August 2009, the proposal was rejected 7:3:3 on its talk page; the policy was clearly unacceptable in that form) 
** (There have been substantial modifications since 2010 that are yet to be re-assessed.)
* [[Wikiversity:Network naming conventions|Network naming conventions]]
* [[Wikiversity:Referees|Referees]]
* [[Wikiversity:Subpages|Subpages]]
* [[Wikiversity:What Wikiversity is not|What Wikiversity is not]] (rejected by 5:3 in August 2006)

====Enforcing policies====
* [[Wikiversity:Banned user|Banned user]]
* [[WV:BLOCK|Blocking]]

====Misc====
* [[Wikiversity:Administrator Creation and Behavioral Criteria Guidelines and Policy|Administrator Creation and Behavioral Criteria Guidelines and Policy]]
* [[Wikiversity:CheckUser policy/Archived proposal|archived CheckUser policy]]
* [[Wikiversity:No early policies|No early policies]]
* [[Wikiversity:Manual of Style|Manual of Style]]
* [[Wikiversity:Polls|Polls]]
* [[Wikiversity:Productive Forking and Tailoring is Encouraged|Productive Forking and Tailoring is Encouraged]]
* [[Wikiversity:Talkpage policy|Talkpage policy]]

=== Rejected policies ===

''The following policies have been rejected so clearly that they should probably not be revived in any new form. They are listed here to help avoid repetition.''

* [[Wikiversity:Assembly]] (rejected without vote)
* [[Wikiversity:Bans]] (rejected without vote)
* [[Wikiversity:Delegable proxy]] (written by 1 user, rejected by 1 user)
* [[Wikiversity:Ignore all rules|Ignore all rules]] ([[Wikiversity_talk:Ignore_all_rules#Votes|rejected by 6:1]] in August 2006)
* [[Wikiversity:Scholarly ethics]] ([[Wikiversity_talk:Scholarly_ethics#Votes|rejected by 6:1:1]] from August 2006 &amp;nbsp;&amp;mdash;&amp;#32; January 2007)
* [[Wikiversity:Voluntary custodial restraint]] (written by 1 user, rejected by 1 user)

==Guidelines==
=== Best practice [[Wikiversity:Guidelines|guidelines]] ===
''These policy-like documents contain guidelines which have not been voted on or which have not achieved formal consensus in a poll, but which have become established in practice.''

* [[Wikiversity:Consensus|Consensus]]
* [[Wikiversity:Username|Usernames]]

==Wikiversity development==
''Some of these pages have been proposed to the community for codification, while others are collections of participants' thoughts on the advancement of Wikiversity.''
* [[:Category:Wikiversity development]] - pages concerned with advancing Wikiversity
* [[Wikiversity:Mission|Wikiversity mission]] (rejected by 1:0 in August 2006)
* [[Wikiversity:Proposed Hierarchical Structure]]
* [[Wikiversity:Policies/How Wikiversity makes policy|How Wikiversity makes policy]]

{{Official policies}}
{{Proposed policies}}
{{About Wikiversity}}</text>
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      <id>2810022</id>
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      <comment>/* Content policies */ + * [[Wikiversity:Deletion policy|Deletion policy]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="6226" sha1="0htalzakmu5m1w9tnz0pgtb9kdgqr4c" xml:space="preserve">==Policies==
{{RoundBoxTop|theme=7}}
{{center top}}{{Shortcut|WV:RULES|WV:POLICY}}See the [[Wikiversity talk:Policies|talk page]] for general discussion about Wikiversity policies.{{center bottom}} 
{{center top}}Please note that the [[Wikiversity:Wikiversity_project_proposal|Wikiversity project proposal]] underlies these policies. {{center bottom}} 
Discussions related to the development of research policy are conducted in a multi-lingual format at [http://beta.wikiversity.org beta.wikiversity.org]—you can start at: [[betawikiversity:Wikiversity:Research guidelines/En|Research guidelines]].
{{RoundBoxBottom}}
=== Policies required by the Wikimedia Foundation ===
Policies listed at [[Meta:Meta:Policies and guidelines|Meta:Policies and guidelines]] for all Wikimedia projects are outside the direct control of the Wikiversity community and must be followed by Wikiversity.

Meta also lists some policies which are adopted by some projects.

For example, [[Meta:Neutral point of view]] is adopted by some Wikimedia projects. However, Wikiversity has developed policies that allow participants to NOT use the neutral point of view (NPOV) in [[betawikiversity:Wikiversity:Research guidelines#Neutral_point_of_view|some situations]]. Editing outside of the constraints imposed by NPOV imposes other [[Wikiversity:Disclosures|special requirements]] on editors. Most Wikiversity pages adhere to NPOV.

=== Existing policies ===
This is a list of official policies that have been {{oldid|Wikiversity:Policies|9980|adopted on the English Wikiversity}} (the link shows the voting). The adoption process is discussed on the talk page. A policy should already have the [[:Template:Policy]] banner before being added to this list.

====Behavioural====
* [[Wikiversity:Assume Good Faith|Assume Good Faith]]
* [[Wikiversity:Civility|Civility]]

====Content====
* [[Wikiversity:Reliable sources|Reliable sources]]
* [[Wikiversity:Verifiability|Verifiability]]

====General====
* [[Wikiversity:Be bold|Be bold]]
* [[Wikiversity:What is Wikiversity?|What is Wikiversity?]]

====Other====
* [[Wikiversity:Community Review Policy|Community Review Policy]]
* [[Wikiversity:Bots|Bots]]
* [[Wikiversity:CheckUser policy|CheckUser policy]]
* [[Wikiversity:Interface administrators|Interface administrators]]
* [[Wikiversity:Custodianship|Custodianship]]
* [[Wikiversity:Rollback|Rollback]]
* [[Wikiversity:Privacy policy|Privacy policy]]

=== Draft policies ===
''Note: These policies are in development. Please contribute and comment.''
* [[Wikiversity:Artificial intelligence|Artificial intelligence]]

=== Proposed policies ===
''Note: Some of these policies were [http://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity:Policies&amp;direction=prev&amp;oldid=12406 rejected by vote] shortly after Wikiversity's foundation. These policies should be revised and resubmitted for approval or archived.''

====Behavioural====
* [[Wikiversity:No legal threats|No legal threats]]
* [[Wikiversity:Respect people|Respect people]]

====Content policies====
* [[Wikiversity:Academic freedom|Academic freedom]]
* [[Wikiversity:Cite sources|Cite sources]]
* [[Wikiversity:Course Titles and Numbers | Course Titles and Numbers]]
* [[Wikiversity:Deletion policy|Deletion policy]]
* [[Wikiversity:Disclosures|Disclosures]] (incorporates NPOV and Confessions)
* [[Wikiversity:External links]]
* [[Wikiversity:Free license content]]
* [[Wikiversity:Naming conventions|Naming conventions]] 
** (rejected by 3:2 in August 2006; 1 abstention) 
** (As of August 2009, the proposal was rejected 7:3:3 on its talk page; the policy was clearly unacceptable in that form) 
** (There have been substantial modifications since 2010 that are yet to be re-assessed.)
* [[Wikiversity:Network naming conventions|Network naming conventions]]
* [[Wikiversity:Referees|Referees]]
* [[Wikiversity:Subpages|Subpages]]
* [[Wikiversity:What Wikiversity is not|What Wikiversity is not]] (rejected by 5:3 in August 2006)

====Enforcing policies====
* [[Wikiversity:Banned user|Banned user]]
* [[WV:BLOCK|Blocking]]

====Misc====
* [[Wikiversity:Administrator Creation and Behavioral Criteria Guidelines and Policy|Administrator Creation and Behavioral Criteria Guidelines and Policy]]
* [[Wikiversity:CheckUser policy/Archived proposal|archived CheckUser policy]]
* [[Wikiversity:No early policies|No early policies]]
* [[Wikiversity:Manual of Style|Manual of Style]]
* [[Wikiversity:Polls|Polls]]
* [[Wikiversity:Productive Forking and Tailoring is Encouraged|Productive Forking and Tailoring is Encouraged]]
* [[Wikiversity:Talkpage policy|Talkpage policy]]

=== Rejected policies ===

''The following policies have been rejected so clearly that they should probably not be revived in any new form. They are listed here to help avoid repetition.''

* [[Wikiversity:Assembly]] (rejected without vote)
* [[Wikiversity:Bans]] (rejected without vote)
* [[Wikiversity:Delegable proxy]] (written by 1 user, rejected by 1 user)
* [[Wikiversity:Ignore all rules|Ignore all rules]] ([[Wikiversity_talk:Ignore_all_rules#Votes|rejected by 6:1]] in August 2006)
* [[Wikiversity:Scholarly ethics]] ([[Wikiversity_talk:Scholarly_ethics#Votes|rejected by 6:1:1]] from August 2006 &amp;nbsp;&amp;mdash;&amp;#32; January 2007)
* [[Wikiversity:Voluntary custodial restraint]] (written by 1 user, rejected by 1 user)

==Guidelines==
=== Best practice [[Wikiversity:Guidelines|guidelines]] ===
''These policy-like documents contain guidelines which have not been voted on or which have not achieved formal consensus in a poll, but which have become established in practice.''

* [[Wikiversity:Consensus|Consensus]]
* [[Wikiversity:Username|Usernames]]

==Wikiversity development==
''Some of these pages have been proposed to the community for codification, while others are collections of participants' thoughts on the advancement of Wikiversity.''
* [[:Category:Wikiversity development]] - pages concerned with advancing Wikiversity
* [[Wikiversity:Mission|Wikiversity mission]] (rejected by 1:0 in August 2006)
* [[Wikiversity:Proposed Hierarchical Structure]]
* [[Wikiversity:Policies/How Wikiversity makes policy|How Wikiversity makes policy]]

{{Official policies}}
{{Proposed policies}}
{{About Wikiversity}}</text>
      <sha1>0htalzakmu5m1w9tnz0pgtb9kdgqr4c</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikiversity:Colloquium</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
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      <id>2809939</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Codename Noreste</username>
        <id>2969951</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Inactivity policy for Curators */ reply to Jtneill ([[mw:c:Special:MyLanguage/User:JWBTH/CD|CD]])</comment>
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&lt;!-- MESSAGES GO BELOW --&gt;
== New titles for user right nominations ==
&lt;div class=&quot;cd-moveMark&quot;&gt;''Moved from [[Wikiversity talk:Candidates for Custodianship#New titles for user right nominations]].  [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 23:20, 17 April 2026 (UTC)''&lt;/div&gt;

I would like to propose the following retitles should a user be nominated for any of the following user rights:
* Curator: Candidates for Curatorship
* Bureaucrat: Candidates for Bureaucratship
The reason is that many curator (and probably bureaucrat) requests have run solely under {{tq|Candidates for Custodianship}}, but that title might sound misleading (especially in regards to the permission a user is requesting). CheckUser and Oversight (suppressor) are not included above since no user was nominated for these sensitive permissions, probably. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 01:30, 19 March 2026 (UTC)

:And it's not that when someone at the beginning misplaced the request, no one thought to move it and the others copied it. Even today, it would be possible to simply take it all and move it. Otherwise, for me, the more fundamental problem is that there is [[Wikiversity:Curators|no approved policy for curators]] than where the requests are based. Curators then operate in a certain vacuum and if one of them &quot;breaks out of the chain&quot;, the average user doesn't have many transparent tools to deal with it, because there is no policy. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 07:02, 19 March 2026 (UTC)
::I am not talking about the curator page (policy proposal). [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 19:08, 21 March 2026 (UTC)
: @[[User:Juandev|Juandev]] I'll see if I can do an overhaul of [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Custodianship]], just like I recently did with the Requests for adminship page on English Wikiquote. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 22:17, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
:Yes, great idea - ideally there will be separate &quot;Candidates for ...&quot; pages for each user right group. The most important for now is to separate curator and custodian pages as CN suggests. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:39, 1 May 2026 (UTC)
:So maybe I previously misunderstood. Are you proposing separated pages for nominations (i.e. [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Curatorship]], [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Bureaucratship]], [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Custodianship]])? [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 12:30, 5 May 2026 (UTC)
:: Yes. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 13:33, 5 May 2026 (UTC)
:::I see, then I am fine with that @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]. Sorry for misunderstanding. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 18:35, 9 May 2026 (UTC)

I've split the user rights nomination pages into:
* [[Wikiversity:Candidates for CheckUser]]
* [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Curatorship]]
* [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Custodianship]]
* [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Bureaucratship]]

Please review. There are likely several links to update, text to adjust, categories to manage, short-cuts to fix etc. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 04:22, 10 May 2026 (UTC)

:Thanks, great job @[[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]]. I am wondering if we need to move archived nominations too, or if we are OK with the actual state. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 08:08, 10 May 2026 (UTC)
::Yes, I think that would be helpful. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 10:46, 10 May 2026 (UTC)
:::I can do it @[[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]], I am just looking what system is there. I can see [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Custodianship/Archive of nominations for full custodianship]] which is a good complementary overview to the subpages with full history. The name of the pages is probably stably, but I would consider to create more specific redirect like [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Custodianship/Overview of staff nominations]], which would link to the above one. Then there is a [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Custodianship/Archived]], which are probably incomplete nominations, right? [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 08:37, 11 May 2026 (UTC)
::::Tx @[[User:Juandev|Juandev]]. Yes, this makes sense. And maybe we move:
::::* archived '''curator''' nominations from [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Custodianship/Archive of nominations for full custodianship]] to e.g., [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Curatorship/Archive of nominations]]
::::* archived '''bureaucrat''' nominations from [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Custodianship/Archive of nominations for full custodianship ]] to e.g., [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Bureaucratship/Archive of nominations]]
::::-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 10:12, 11 May 2026 (UTC)
:::::OK. That sounds good. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 07:25, 12 May 2026 (UTC)
:An svg icon for [[Wikiversity:Curatorship|curators]] would also be helpful. We have them for other user rights: [[c:Category:Wikiversity user rights icons]] -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 10:54, 10 May 2026 (UTC)
::Done: [[Wikiversity:Curators]] -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 01:44, 11 May 2026 (UTC)

== Technical Request:  Courtesy link.. ==

[[Template_talk:Information#Background_must_have_color_defined_as_well]] [[User:ShakespeareFan00|ShakespeareFan00]] ([[User talk:ShakespeareFan00|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ShakespeareFan00|contribs]]) 11:43, 20 March 2026 (UTC)
: I can't edit the template directly as it need an sysop/interface admin to do it. [[User:ShakespeareFan00|ShakespeareFan00]] ([[User talk:ShakespeareFan00|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ShakespeareFan00|contribs]]) 11:43, 20 March 2026 (UTC)
:: Also if the Template field of - https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:LintErrors/night-mode-unaware-background-color is examined, there is poential for an admin to clear a substantial proportion of these by implmenting a simmilar fix to the indciated templates (and underlying stylesheets). It would be nice to clear things like Project box and others, as many other templates (and thus pages depend on them.) :)
[[User:ShakespeareFan00|ShakespeareFan00]] ([[User talk:ShakespeareFan00|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ShakespeareFan00|contribs]]) 11:43, 20 March 2026 (UTC)

:I think it would be best to grant you interface admin rights for a short period of time to make these changes. However, I still have doubts about the suitability of this solution, which may cause other problems and no one has explained to me why dark mode has to be implemented this way @[[User:ShakespeareFan00|ShakespeareFan00]]. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 20:43, 20 March 2026 (UTC)

: I would have reservations about holding such rights, which is why I was trying to do what I could without needing them. However if it is the only way to get the required changes made, I would suggest asking on Wikipedia to find technical editors, willing to undertake the changes needed. [[User:ShakespeareFan00|ShakespeareFan00]] ([[User talk:ShakespeareFan00|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ShakespeareFan00|contribs]]) 09:32, 21 March 2026 (UTC)

== WikiEducator has closed ==

Some of you may know of a similar project to Wikiversity, called [https://wikieducator.org/Main_Page WikiEducator], championed by [https://oerfoundation.org/about/staff/wayne-mackintosh/ Wayne Mackintosh][https://www.linkedin.com/posts/waynemackintosh_important-notice-about-the-oer-foundation-activity-7405113051688931329-Nhm9/][https://openeducation.nz/killed-not-starved/].

It seems [https://openeducation.nz/terminating-oer-foundation their foundation has closed] and they are no longer operating.

They had done quite a bit of outreach (e.g., in the Pacific and Africa) to get educators using wiki.

The WikiEducator content is still available in MediaWiki - and potentially could be imported to Wikiversity ([https://wikieducator.org/WikiEducator:Copyrights CC-BY-SA] is the default license).

The closing of WikiEducator arguably makes the nurturing of Wikiversity even more important.

-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 02:09, 1 April 2026 (UTC)

:I was never active there. If anyone has an account or is otherwise in contact, we may want to copy relevant information here or even at [[:outreach:]]. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 04:46, 1 April 2026 (UTC)

:: I reached out to [[User:Mackiwg~enwikiversity|Wayne]] in January, and he responded briefly but positively (while travelling).  I wrote to the low-traffic wikieducator mailing list today and got a nice [https://groups.google.com/g/wikieducator/c/r_yIyUw6ZIA reply] from [[user:SteveFoerster|Steve Foerster]] who's interested in helping. If we can figure out a migration path it would be great to adopt at least the main namespace pages here.  
:: A few questions that come to mind: 
:: - would people want to create matching user accounts
:: - are there any namespaces (user/talk?) that should not be moved over
:: We could look at how this was done for the [[m:Wikivoyage/Migration]] wikivoyage migration. &lt;span style=&quot;padding:0 2px 0 2px;background-color:white;color:#bbb;&quot;&gt;&amp;ndash;[[User:Sj|SJ]][[User Talk:Sj|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#ff9900;&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/span&gt; 04:27, 1 May 2026 (UTC)
:::That's fantastic, SJ, that you've reached out and that Wayne, Steve, and Jim are receptive—and that you can help! -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:52, 1 May 2026 (UTC)
::::A matching accound makes sense to give credits to the original authors and keep a clean chain of versions. The initial commit into wikiversity could have a &quot;marker with timestamp&quot; similar to signature with a reference where the content's source or a Web archive. This would allow authors to continue there work on wikiversity if they wish. [[User:Bert Niehaus|Bert Niehaus]] ([[User talk:Bert Niehaus|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Bert Niehaus|contribs]]) 06:30, 15 May 2026 (UTC)

== Wikinews is ending ==

Apparently mainly due to low editorial activity, low public interest, but also failure to achieve the goals from the proposal for the creation of the project, the Wikinews project is ending after years of discussions ([[Meta:Proposal for Closing Wikinews|some reading]]).

And I would be interested to see how Wikiversity is doing in the monitored metrics. We probably have more editors than Wikinews had, but what about consumers and achieving the goals? [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 19:14, 1 April 2026 (UTC)

:Wikiversity's biggest issue in recent times was the hosting of low-quality, trash content. Thankfully we've done a great job in removing pseudoscience and other embarrassingly trash content (Wikidebates, for example), but the biggest concern moving forward is proper maintenance IMO. I've caught several pseudoscience pages being created within the last few months that could easily have flown under the radar (ex, [[The Kelemen Dilemma: Causal Collapse and Axiomatic Instability]]), so I'd urge our custodians/curators to be on the lookout for this type of content. Usually an AI-overview can point this type of content out relatively well.
:In terms of visibility, I believe Wikiversity is a high-traffic project. I remember my [[Mathematical Properties]] showing up on the first page of Google when searching up &quot;math properties&quot; for the longest time (and is still showing up in the first page 'till this day!). Besides, Wikinews hosted a lot of short-term content (the nature of news articles), while Wikiversity hosts content that can still be useful a decade later (ex, [[A Reader's Guide to Annotation]]). 
:I think we are on a better path than we were a few months ago, and I do want to thank everyone here who has been helping out with maintaining our website! —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 20:48, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
:For what it's worth, the group that did that study has since disbanded, so no one is monitoring the other sister projects in the same way. Additionally, Wikinews had some catastrophic server issues due to the maintenance of [[:m:Extension:DynamicPageList]] which don't apply here. Your questions are still worth addressing, but I just wanted to cut off any concern at the pass about Wikiversity being in the same precarious situation. Wikiversity is definitely the biggest &quot;lagging behind&quot; or &quot;failure&quot; project now that Wikinews is being shuttered, but I don't see any near- or medium-term pathway to closing Wikiversity. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 00:46, 2 April 2026 (UTC)

:[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/News and notes|Entirety of Wikinews to be shut down]] (Wikipedia Signpost) -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 02:03, 11 April 2026 (UTC)

== Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) ==

Hello everyone,

This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as &lt;code&gt;Module:Itemgroup/list&lt;/code&gt;).

'''The Change:'''&lt;br /&gt;
Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. 

We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''.

'''What You Need To Do:'''&lt;br /&gt;
To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search.

'''Deadline:'''&lt;br /&gt;
We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles.

Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 17:11, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&amp;oldid=29941252 --&gt;
:I didnt find such properties, so we are probably fine. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 21:00, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
:: +1 (agreed). [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 22:19, 12 April 2026 (UTC)

== Enable the abuse filter block action? ==

In light of [[Special:AbuseLog/80178]] (coupon spam), I would like to propose enabling the block action for the abuse filter. Only custodians will be able to enable and disable that action on an abuse filter, and it is useful to block ongoing vandalism. Thoughts? [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 19:12, 13 April 2026 (UTC)

:Seems like a good idea, almost all of the users which create such pages are spambots so this shouldn’t be a problem. [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 23:41, 13 April 2026 (UTC)
:Can you explain some more (I am new to abuse filters)? It looks like the attempted edit was prevented? Which abuse filter?
:Note on your suggestion, have also reactivated Antispam Filter 12 - see [[WV:RCA]]. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 10:45, 15 April 2026 (UTC)
:: I am proposing that we activate the abuse filter block action, which if a user triggers an abuse filter, it would actually block the user in question - the same mechanism that a custodian would use to block users. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 13:11, 15 April 2026 (UTC)
:::OK, thankyou, that makes sense. And, reviewing the abuse filter 12 log, it would be helpful because it would prevent the need for manual blocking. But I don't see a setting for autoblocking? -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 23:14, 15 April 2026 (UTC)
:::: I think it probably adds an autoblock. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 00:43, 16 April 2026 (UTC)
: [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] and [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]], given that a little bit more than a week has passed and there is minimal consensus to activate the abuse filter block action, I filed [[phab:T424053]]. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:05, 21 April 2026 (UTC)
::Thank-you for doing this. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 08:03, 24 April 2026 (UTC)

== Advice needed: A Neurodiversity-inspired Idea/observation ==

If I want the greatest participation of others to &quot;provide constructive criticism to my idea&quot; or to &quot;shoot down my idea&quot; or &quot;idea&quot;.

What I've called it so far is &quot;The Neurodiversity-inspired Idea&quot;. At other times I used more sensationalist wording but here on Wikiversity I don't dare do that. I actually woke up with thinking about putting this into my userspace draft: &quot;Personal Observations Made By Meeting Autistic and Non-Autistic Adults&quot;.

My ultimate goal is to stop blathering about my &quot;idea&quot; to friend and family without feeling my &quot;methodology&quot; is going into any progressive direction whatsoever. My latest encounter was somewhat constructive though. A friend of a friend who worked with people presenting ideas in attempting to getting grants. I don't want a grant. I just want to figure out how I can express my &quot;idea&quot; in a way so that I can more clearly figure out what flaws it got.

At the same time I tend to overthink. If anyone thinks etherpad might be a good place and considering Wikimedia already got an etherpad at https://etherpad.wikimedia.org/ if anyone feels like they know me better in the future feel free to suggest a &quot;session&quot; on etherpad.

'''If I don't receive a reply to this in 1 week's time I will begin to explore this &quot;idea&quot; into my userspace''' unless you replied and refrained me from doing so, of course. Then maybe after &quot;developing it there&quot; I might reference it to you another future time here in the Colloquium, with my &quot;idea&quot; still in my userspace draft. This &quot;idea&quot; is sort of a burden, I'm happy I've made the choice to get rid of it and hopefully move on with my life, unless there is something to this &quot;idea&quot;. 

My failure is probably evident: I feel I haven't told you anything. Same happened to when I talked to friends and family. In danger of overthinking it further I'll publish this right now. I need to &quot;keep it together&quot; [[User:ThinkingScience|ThinkingScience]] ([[User talk:ThinkingScience|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ThinkingScience|contribs]]) 10:36, 16 April 2026 (UTC)

:Good on you putting it out there ... and hitting publish :). I'd say go for it (no need to wait), give birth to your idea and share about it here and elsewhere. Let it take shape and see where it might go. In many ways, this is exactly what an open collaborative learning community should be doing. Others might not know well how to respond, so perhaps consider creating some questions to accompany the idea. Sincerely, James -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:21, 16 April 2026 (UTC)
::Thank you for encouraging me in developing the idea.
::I have created a &quot;questions&quot; section in the draft which is visible in the table of contents now. My brain was &quot;frozen&quot; today metaphorically speaking in that I felt I had like a &quot;writer's block&quot; so the draft has more &quot;AI/LLM&quot; content than before. I used the LLM for generating questions. The answers are so far human-only.
::I've also created a subsection where I could add the prompts that made the LLM generate the questions. That could help people make better prompts perhaps. I've described what it is about inside of it and there are some chaotically written notes.
::[[Draft:The_Neurodiversity-inspired_Idea#Questions_that_might_encourage_the_development_of_this_idea_and_its_methodology]]
::My draft is missing stuff. Any questions that you contribute to my draft will probably help me and if I don't understand the questions I'll probably notify you and also at the same time &quot;feed them&quot; to an LLM and ask in my input like &quot;explain in simple words what this question means, what is it searching for?&quot; etc. while I wait for an answer. If you have any more feedback please give it to me here or on the Draft page, its talk page or my user talk page. Thank you for helping me! [[User:ThinkingScience|ThinkingScience]] ([[User talk:ThinkingScience|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ThinkingScience|contribs]]) 21:20, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
::Today I woke up with not only thinking about supplying questions along with the &quot;idea&quot; but also answers. ie. Is it possible to &quot;test&quot; this idea? Is it possible to create one or multiple hypotheses based on this &quot;idea&quot;?(etc.) I've thought about this before in this &quot;idea&quot; but since I'm beginning to add to Wikiversity what was previously 'locked in my mind' it's also easier for me to see what I've done so far. Thank you for this comment! [[User:ThinkingScience|ThinkingScience]] ([[User talk:ThinkingScience|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ThinkingScience|contribs]]) 09:11, 23 April 2026 (UTC)
:May I think that you should not add deadlines ; being read, and rising interest for collaboration, or even simply for exchange of thoughts, such an effective meeting event loads a huge bunch of unprobability, which time can help to… somehow diminish. Maybe, I would advice you having a central place for developping your ideas, your needs, your advances, maybe a page in your own user zone, and from time to time, depending your feeling, it could be every trimester or so, or more frequently, you could write a short account of progress (or even of no progress), or a call for participation, in such a place as this present one ; I think that will increase much exposure of your projet. Maybe also, if you can find a project name, not necessarily very meaningfull by itseilf (at least it will gain signification with time, as your project develops), that will serve as a kind-of hook, and make your announcement titles more visible. Best regards (and my excuses for my poor command of English, which seems to be unplease an anti-abuse filter, &quot;Questionable Language (profanity)&quot;, which I don't understand…). My few cents. --  [[User:Eric.LEWIN|Eric.LEWIN]] ([[User talk:Eric.LEWIN|discussion]] • [[Special:Contributions/Eric.LEWIN|contributions]]) 10:06, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
::Sorry about the false positive on the profanity filter - I've fixed it. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 10:26, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
:::&quot;May I think that you should not add deadlines ; being read, and rising interest for collaboration, or even simply for exchange of thoughts, such an effective meeting event loads a huge bunch of unprobability, which time can help to… somehow diminish.&quot;
::Thank you Eric for this comment. Trust in time is how I interpret it. I should not feel like I need to be in a hurry. I'll try to give this time. Thank you!
:::&quot;Maybe, I would advice you having a central place for developping your ideas, your needs, your advances, maybe a page in your own user zone, and from time to time, depending your feeling, it could be every trimester or so, or more frequently, you could write a short account of progress (or even of no progress), or a call for participation, in such a place as this present one ; I think that will increase much exposure of your projet.&quot;
::A central place for developing or making &quot;project notes&quot; regarding the Neurodiversity idea on my userspace, I might need that, like a diary or &quot;project notes&quot; of the Neurodiversity idea similar to my course notes regarding my experience with Coursera.
::Any actions I take are going to be related to my Userspace from now on but I'll also update the draft when necessary. Now in the beginning I might be working daily to once every 3 days on both the draft and the daily notes I plan to make.
:::&quot;Maybe also, if you can find a project name, not necessarily very meaningfull by itseilf (at least it will gain signification with time, as your project develops), that will serve as a kind-of hook, and make your announcement titles more visible.&quot;
::Thank you for the advice. I was brainstorming yesterday about it. I concluded that since I've not yet developed a methodology that adheres to &quot;Do no harm&quot; and this is my first time working my &quot;idea&quot; into a way that is compatible with how projects develop on English Wikiversity this is new to me. My methodology isn't developed and therefore trying to get attention to my project through a name can wait. Yesterday I figured out a silly title that has nothing to do with the project: &quot;Planetary Awareness Potato Cabbage Rolls&quot; or something like that. Google output read that no such thing exists so I wanted it mainly to be unique. I don't want to raise attention that I'm unsure whether I'll actually be capable of developing a methodology for but project notes is my best bet so far in tracking my progress. Every day I think about this &quot;idea&quot; but I need to improve the important parts.
:::&quot;Best regards (and my excuses for my poor command of English, which seems to be unplease an anti-abuse filter, &quot;Questionable Language (profanity)&quot;, which I don't understand…). My few cents.&quot;
::You added great points and I felt that I was helped by you! I encourage you to post again and I can understand that interacting with any kind of automated filter can be discouraging and can be for me too! Thank you for giving me feedback! [[User:ThinkingScience|ThinkingScience]] ([[User talk:ThinkingScience|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ThinkingScience|contribs]]) 16:01, 18 April 2026 (UTC)

== Add some user rights to the curator user group? ==

By default, only custodians have the ability to mark new pages as patrolled (&lt;code&gt;patrol&lt;/code&gt;) and have their own page creations automatically marked as patrolled (&lt;code&gt;autopatrol&lt;/code&gt;). I am proposing both of the following:
* Curators can mark new pages as patrolled, helping on reducing the backlog of new, unpatrolled pages.
* New pages made by curators will be automatically marked as patrolled by the MediaWiki software.
Before we implement this, I would suggest implementing a proposed guideline for marking new pages as patrolled for curators and custodians.

Thoughts? [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:32, 17 April 2026 (UTC)

:Agree, &lt;s&gt;also can we also allow curators to undelete pages since they already have the rights to delete them?&lt;/s&gt; [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 02:54, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
::I think the requirement that undelete NOT be included came from above (meta / stewards / central office). Having access to the undelete page gives access to information that is restricted by their policies to admins (custodians and bureaucrats). -- [[User:Dave Braunschweig|Dave Braunschweig]] ([[User talk:Dave Braunschweig|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dave Braunschweig|contribs]]) 20:12, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
::: [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]], unless if requests for curator and custodian should be RfA-like processes (that is, including voting and comments), then I have to agree with Dave above. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 22:03, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
::::Oh, I didn’t realise that. Withdrawing my comment.. [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 00:08, 19 April 2026 (UTC)
:{{support}} Seems reasonable and would reduce overhead. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 14:35, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
:'''Agree''', implement it also to [[Wikiversity:Curators]] proposal please. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 17:11, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
: I went ahead and filed [[phab:T424445]]. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:39, 26 April 2026 (UTC)

== [[Wikiversity:Curators|Curators and curators policy]] ==
{{archive top|There is strong consensus, so [[Wikiversity:Curators]] is now a policy. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:15, 9 May 2026 (UTC)}}
How does it come, that Wikiversity has curators, but Curators policy is still being proposed? How do the curators exists and act if the policy about them havent been approved yet? [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 18:33, 16 October 2025 (UTC)

:It looks as if it is not just curators. The policy on Bureaucratship is still being proposed as well. See [[Wikiversity:Bureaucratship]]. —[[User:RailwayEnthusiast2025|&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Verdana; color:#008000; text-shadow:gray 0.2em 0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;RailwayEnthusiast2025&lt;/span&gt;]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:RailwayEnthusiast2025|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#59a53f&quot;&gt;''talk with me!''&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 18:33, 27 October 2025 (UTC)

:I think its just the nature of a small WMF sister project in that there are lots of drafts, gaps, and potential improvements. In this case, these community would need to vote on those proposed Wikiversity staff policies if we think they're ready. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 02:08, 3 December 2025 (UTC)
:What? I thought you were getting it approved, Juandev... :) [[User:I&amp;#39;m Mr. Chris|I&amp;#39;m Mr. Chris]] ([[User talk:I&amp;#39;m Mr. Chris|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/I&amp;#39;m Mr. Chris|contribs]]) 14:20, 12 February 2026 (UTC)
::Yeah I think this one is important too and we need to aprove it too @[[User:I'm Mr. Chris|I'm Mr. Chris]]. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 15:56, 12 February 2026 (UTC)
:::I thinks its ready to made into a policy, it seems to be complete and informative about what the rights does and how to get it. [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 03:08, 15 February 2026 (UTC)
::::Agree -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:00, 27 March 2026 (UTC)

Let's make this the official discussion about adopting the [[Wikiversity:Curators|curators policy]] policy. Your comments are invited and welcome. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 08:40, 24 April 2026 (UTC)
: There were two similar Colloquium threads in separate places about the proposed curators policy. So I've moved them to be adjacent. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 12:42, 1 May 2026 (UTC)
{{archive bottom}}

== Wikiversity:Curators to become a policy ==
{{archive top|There is strong consensus, so [[Wikiversity:Curators]] is now a policy. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:16, 9 May 2026 (UTC)}}
I've looked at the discussions about the Curators policy, I've looked at the practices, and it seems to me that there is no dispute about the wording of the policy, and what's more, the community has been using this proposal as if it were an offical policy for several years. Therefore, I propose that [[Wikiversity:Curators]] become a policy. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 18:35, 18 April 2026 (UTC)

:{{support}} —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 18:54, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
:{{support}} —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 20:21, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
: {{support|Yes, please}}. Especially after when I and PieWriter proposed above, I agree. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 14:27, 24 April 2026 (UTC)
:: @[[User:Juandev|Juandev]]; as of now, curators now have the user rights &lt;code&gt;autopatrol&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;patrol&lt;/code&gt;. Perhaps we should also include that in [[Wikiversity:Custodianship]]? [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 12:07, 30 April 2026 (UTC)
:::You meant [[Wikiversity:Curators]] @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]? [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 12:15, 5 May 2026 (UTC)
:::: I agree that we must develop what rules curators should follow when marking new pages as patrolled; the same can be added for custodians since they can also mark new pages as patrolled. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 13:37, 5 May 2026 (UTC)
:::::I see, well I think you can just add this to the policy. It is not major change and it probably reflects actual practice or actual technical possibilities for those flags. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 09:20, 7 May 2026 (UTC)
:{{support}} -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 12:42, 1 May 2026 (UTC)
:{{Support}} per nom. [[User:PhilDaBirdMan|PhilDaBirdMan]] ([[User talk:PhilDaBirdMan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PhilDaBirdMan|contribs]]) 13:32, 1 May 2026 (UTC)
{{Archive bottom}}

== Is anyone interested in Neurodiversity? ==

Is anyone interested in Neurodiversity? Is there anyone here who is interested for Neurodiversity to be &quot;something more&quot; than it already is? Does anyone here consider Neurodiversity one of the &quot;harder topics&quot; to work on or discuss? Does anyone here have an opinion about the [[Neurodiversity Movement]]? So these questions don't appear like &quot;out of a vacuum&quot; I can tell you a bit about my background:

Many years ago I got a psychiatric diagnosis &quot;Asperger's&quot;. After I stepped out of the office and my Äsperger's was 'concluded', I stepped out into the street and thought my first negative thought(but the positive thought followed after). The thought was about concentration camps in the second world war and that the world seemed to be going into the direction of &quot;labeling others&quot;. I was unsure whether this was &quot;real science&quot; and sort of &quot;challenged myself&quot; to make up my own mind after meeting people that had been given this diagnosis. The more adults with this diagnosis I met the more I started seeing &quot;patterns&quot;.

Was it a coincidence that the first person with Asperger's I met reminded me about my father later after I had plenty of times of experience with interacting with him? None of the people I interacted with online through IRC text chat...I felt I got any clue about how &quot;their brains work&quot;. Only when I met one person from the Asperger's chat community in person we both realized that whatever we experienced was akin to the &quot;chaos theory&quot;. He told me about &quot;chaos theory&quot; while I didn't know even what that term meant but I guess I 'read between the lines'. My question that I linger on still today is &quot;did he understand about me what I think I understood about him?&quot;? That our brains had the same configuration? Most autistic adults who meet other autistic adults usually get disappointed. They think the diagnosis will help them meet somebody like themselves and then they realize the great diversity in the autistic spectrum created by Psychiatry.

I later stopped interacting with autistic communities that much, I felt that it did not benefit me. Also Neurodiversity's &quot;neurotypes&quot; interested me for a while until I realized I had &quot;misunderstood everything&quot; about them and how they are used in the Neurodiversity Movement or &quot;Neurodiversity community&quot; if that even can precisely be defined? I doubt it but if you want to contribute to the [[Neurodiversity Movement]]. My previous attempts failed as I got more and more confused. I think a community project needs a community. With a lack of that I don't think it is worth my time. If any of you would like to work on that project let me know on my talk page.

So I was kinda lost and was talking to my friend and psychologist and I realized if I never talk about my idea to anyone in a &quot;comprehensive way&quot; or show that it matters to me nothing is going to ever happen. So I started talking about my &quot;idea&quot; more. Nobody could understand the &quot;idea&quot; because I had not developed my skills regarding where to start...although the process had already started &quot;automatically&quot; and that's why I often think of &quot;well my brain sort of activated me&quot;. I don't feel like I did have a plan and this idea happened. It happened &quot;by itself&quot;. My brain reacted to what I was seeing in a video or stream.

I value interaction highly in this idea. I think it would be helpful to make a community of people who are not paranoid about stuff that can express itself like &quot;don't analyze me!&quot;, &quot;don't compare me to anyone!&quot;. 

On the contrary, more often than not those adults who were diagnosed were actually openly comparing themselves with each other and I think that is healthy in a &quot;science&quot; way if done the &quot;right way&quot; which probably means &quot;Do no harm&quot;.

I found video material is important but I'm very unsure if uploading own video material to Wikimedia Commons would constitute a &quot;reasonable&quot; use of the resources there. Maybe somebody here needs to ask more questions to me that I should answer before that happens. I also know the '''be bold''' so I could just do what I think might be ok. Though I work better in a group as long as I know what &quot;group configurations&quot; help me. This is in a non-profit way. Since the state supported me this might be a way I am trying to &quot;give back&quot; to the state and &quot;the world&quot;. May seem overly ambitious and crazy but this thing gives me energy. It gives me hope when trying to develop this idea. [[User:ThinkingScience|ThinkingScience]] ([[User talk:ThinkingScience|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ThinkingScience|contribs]]) 10:47, 23 April 2026 (UTC)

:Thanks for sharing. There is plenty of room for neurodiversity community learning. However, the challenge I think is that the intersection of those interested in (a) ND, and (b) English Wikiversity might be very small (e.g., 1!) at this point in time.
:But don't give up hope. For example, Wikipedia has many more ND-interested editors; maybe consider reaching out to see who might be interested:
:[[w:Category:Wikipedians interested in neurodiversity]]
:You could also start an equivalent category here:
:[[:Category:Wikiversitarians interested in neurodiversity]] -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 04:46, 6 May 2026 (UTC)

== Request for comment (global AI policy) ==

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 00:58, 26 April 2026 (UTC)&lt;/bdi&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=30424282 --&gt;

== Language learning  ==

toki! I am trying to add or see what the toki pona language learning stuff on here is but I don't see anything that is language learning for anything. [[User:Jan Imon|Jan Imon]] ([[User talk:Jan Imon|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jan Imon|contribs]]) 23:13, 2 May 2026 (UTC) —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 17:29, 3 May 2026 (UTC)

:We have language materials ([[:Category:Languages]], [[World Languages]], [[Portal:Foreign Language Learning]], [[Portal:Multilingual Studies]]). They are not as developed as I think we would all like and there's not any coverage of Toki Pona, but in principle, we could and would like that. You can also see [[:b:Subject:Languages]] at our sister project Wikibooks. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 17:33, 3 May 2026 (UTC)

== Timeline format? ==

I’ve been working on the World War II articles, including the [[World War II/Timeline|timeline]], and is there a specific timeline format that should be used? Right now it’s just a table, and there’s no separation between different periods/phases of the war.

I don’t want to use [[mw:Extension:EasyTimeline]] because this will be displaying dates and not time periods. [[User:PhilDaBirdMan|PhilDaBirdMan]] ([[User talk:PhilDaBirdMan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PhilDaBirdMan|contribs]]) 01:35, 4 May 2026 (UTC)

:I dont think we have a policy or guideline, how to format a timeline. But you may try to browes wikiversity by Google if someone was dealing with this in the past somewhow @[[User:PhilDaBirdMan|PhilDaBirdMan]]. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 12:23, 5 May 2026 (UTC)
::+1 - there's no specific guideline on how to format a timeline, it's really up to you. In my opinion I think the timeline is good. I'd personally bold the dates just to make it easier to separate it from the event description, but that's my personal 2 cents. —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 14:18, 5 May 2026 (UTC)
:::I’ll probably remove links to the dates/years, they’re just Wikipedia pages that shouldn’t be over linked to. [[User:PhilDaBirdMan|PhilDaBirdMan]] ([[User talk:PhilDaBirdMan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PhilDaBirdMan|contribs]]) 00:39, 6 May 2026 (UTC)

== Interface administrator for Codename Noreste ==
{{Archive top|After running for a week, there is clear consensus for [[User:Codename Noreste]] to have Interface admin rights for 120 days; implemented until 10 September, 2026 -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 22:36, 12 May 2026 (UTC)}}

Hello, everyone. I am requesting interface administrator access on this wiki.

The main reasoning is that I would benefit from having the user right &lt;code&gt;editinterface&lt;/code&gt;, which would allow me to make dark mode changes to pages in the MediaWiki namespace, add &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;mw-parser-output&quot;&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; to some interface pages using templates, handle interface-protected edit requests, and similar stuff. Additionally, I have some knowledge of CSS, and I would like to assist with modifying CSS pages whenever necessary, such as moving MediaWiki common.css code to TemplateStyles CSS pages.

I am requesting the maximum time that is allowed per the [[Wikiversity:Interface administrators|policy]], and I have 2FA enabled on my account. Thank you. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 00:55, 6 May 2026 (UTC)

*{{support}} Globally trusted user. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 01:07, 6 May 2026 (UTC)
*{{support}} Trusted and knowledgeable. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 04:35, 6 May 2026 (UTC)
*{{support}} WV would benefit from this. —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 08:32, 6 May 2026 (UTC)
*{{support}} --[[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 09:13, 7 May 2026 (UTC)

:{{Comment}} Could @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] delete [[MediaWiki:Gadget-WikiSign.js]], which was requested to be deleted @[[User:Koavf|Justin]], @[[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]], @[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]]? I dont think we need it. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 07:40, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
::Yes - clearly no longer used -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 10:18, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
::: I can't delete it because I don't have the required permissions to do so.
::: On a side note, if this project has a need for permanent interface administrators, I would suggest that we have a minimum of two IAs, similar to how there must be two CUs and/or suppressors (or none). Maybe Koavf can be a good candidate if I am elected for permanent interface adminship, and I believe that permission shouldn't be removed from someone's own account. Instead, a bureaucrat should do it. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 13:20, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
::::I am willing and happy to do it, unfortunately, we do not have an appetite for indef IAs and just had a discussion that resulted in a [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity:Interface_administrators&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=2807543 consensus that we can have IAs that have the user rights for 14 to 120 days]. So once you have the rights, please make sure to gopher it. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 17:54, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
:::::@[[User:Koavf|Koavf]] give it time. Look at me, I was in favor of shorter time, now I am looking back to times, when custodians could do it without the need of extra flag. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 18:31, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
::::::Here's hoping. I think it would reduce administrative overhead, but that's just me and I'm not a bureaucrat here. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 18:33, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
::::Complicated. Where are the times, admins could do everything! [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 18:27, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
{{archive bottom}}

== [[Wikiversity:Bureaucratship]] to become a policy ==

Following the recent approval of [[Wikiversity:Curators]] as a policy, I think [[Wikiversity:Bureaucratship]] may also be ready for policy status.

Please share your views about whether bureaucratship is ready to become a policy, or whether further revisions are needed.

-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 13:58, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
: I added a logo about that user group, but other than that, it looks good to me. {{support}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 14:38, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
:I think that the consensus on this policy is proven by years of using it without further changes. But I I have to say weather I agree with this to become a policy, than of course {{support}}. It works and there were no major issues with it. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 18:45, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
:{{support}} no issues. —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 14:51, 10 May 2026 (UTC)
:{{support}} [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 12:37, 11 May 2026 (UTC)
:{{support}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 06:51, 12 May 2026 (UTC)

== Reminder about custodian-related pages ==

I would like to remind the community about what the following custodian pages are:
* [[Wikiversity:Request custodian action]] is for requesting actions to be done by custodians, and
* [[Wikiversity:Notices for custodians]] is for notices of interest to custodians, like an administrator's noticeboard
Thank you. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 14:12, 12 May 2026 (UTC)

:Thanks - I needed this reminder :) -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 22:21, 12 May 2026 (UTC)

== [[MediaWiki:Protectedpagetext#Protected edit request on 11 December 2025]] ==

I posted an edit request there 5 months ago, so I’ll be taking it to this page. [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-28640-56|&amp;#126;2026-28640-56]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2026-28640-56|talk]]) 23:33, 12 May 2026 (UTC)

:What exactly is the problem? I don't understand what needs to change and why. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 23:35, 12 May 2026 (UTC)
: Pinging @[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]], @[[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] and @[[User:Juandev|Juandev]] for further input. Someone is requesting a modification to [[MediaWiki:Protectedpagetext]] to use {{tlx|Protected page text}}, but we might need to discuss whether to use the template. In the meantime, I'll start a sandbox version of the protected page text template. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 23:19, 14 May 2026 (UTC)
::Sounds good -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 04:13, 15 May 2026 (UTC)

== Create a pseudo-bot user group? ==

I would like to propose adding a new user group to Wikiversity: Pseudo-bot (&lt;code&gt;flood&lt;/code&gt;). This will allow users to perform repetitive actions without flushing the recent changes feed (with only the &lt;code&gt;bot&lt;/code&gt; user right). However, I would suggest that for the pseudo-bot user group:
* It can be granted and revoked by custodians. However, can curators add and remove pseudo-bot from their own accounts (and not others)?
* Users can remove themselves from it.
* A guideline might be necessary about the information and usage of it.
Thoughts? [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 03:31, 14 May 2026 (UTC)

:This sounds good. Which other wiki could we model this user group on? e.g., [[b:Wikibooks:Pseudo-bots]]? -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 04:19, 15 May 2026 (UTC)
::@[[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] Wikiquote has a similar group: [[:wikiquote:Special:ListGroupRights]] [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 04:25, 15 May 2026 (UTC)

== Coming over From wikinews ==
Any chance someone could help me if you are allowed to write news articles here since wikinews is going read only mode soon, thank you! [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BigKrow|contribs]]) 22:43, 1 May 2026 (UTC)

:The scope of Wikiversity is very broad and is basically about more-or-less any learning material. We have made it a point to not have duplicative content of other WMF projects, but since Wikinews is being shuttered, I personally am fine with writing news articles here. One thing that is not controversial at all is a learning resource &lt;em&gt;about&lt;/em&gt; how to write news: that could be hugely useful here and could involve the process of writing news stories to learn and to share back and forth with an editor or fact-checker. In fact, I'd support an entire namespace dedicated to keeping the notion of Wikinews alive here. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 23:38, 1 May 2026 (UTC)
::Thank you so much! How do I start? Cheers! @[[User:Koavf|Koavf]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BigKrow|contribs]]) 01:07, 2 May 2026 (UTC)
:::I think it's premature to start just making news articles en masse, but if you want to start discussing the topic of citizen journalism, you can do that now. [[:Category:Journalism]] already has some material, so you can start by seeing what we already have, how you can refine that, etc. You can definitely have learning resources with collaborators who want to learn about journalism ASAP. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 01:24, 2 May 2026 (UTC)
::::thanks. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BigKrow|contribs]]) 01:38, 2 May 2026 (UTC)
::::If I could try and start one News Article could you please tell me how to go about it? Like what style of writing like Wikinews or something else? Thank you Justin! @[[User:Koavf|Koavf]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BigKrow|contribs]]) 01:48, 2 May 2026 (UTC)
:::::Honestly, there are very few policies and guidelines here. I think the best way to write a news story would be in a manner that is obvious and instructive. So, for instance, it's common to use the &quot;pyramid style&quot; when you're writing news, so if you were to write a story that makes it very clear that you are using that approach, that would be helpful. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 02:08, 2 May 2026 (UTC)
::::::cool thanks. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BigKrow|contribs]]) 02:13, 2 May 2026 (UTC)
::::::im ready to write @[[User:Koavf|Koavf]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BigKrow|contribs]]) 21:30, 13 May 2026 (UTC)
:::::::I think we should get more local consensus for a big project like including the entirety of the scope of Wikinews here. Again, I support it personally. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 21:55, 13 May 2026 (UTC)
::::::::ok lets begin. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BigKrow|contribs]]) 22:15, 13 May 2026 (UTC)

== Proposal to rehost Wikinews here ==

As many of you know, and mentioned here at the Colloquium, our sister project Wikinews recently closed, with all 31 active editions made read-only. [[User:BigKrow]] has asked about the prospect of writing news stories here and I suggested that since we already have [[School:Journalism]] and some resources related to the [[:Category:Journalism|broader topic of journalism]]. I would like to propose that we have continued and indefinite space for {{w|citizen journalism}} by essentially repurposing Wikinews into a sub-project here. The only special infrastructure that Wikinews required was [[:mw:Extension:DynamicPageList]], which was deactivated and caused issues due to a lack of maintenance.

I will add this proposal to the site banner, but I recognize that that may be a conflict of interest, so if anyone requests that I remove it, I will. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 05:30, 14 May 2026 (UTC)
:I would like to see this conversation go for at least 30 days to establish a consensus. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 05:35, 14 May 2026 (UTC)

===Votes===
*{{support}} as proposer (with BK's inspiration). I think that an ongoing experiment in citizen journalism is a fit and appropriate use of this site. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 05:35, 14 May 2026 (UTC)
*{{support}}, hope to seeing ideas about this, and thank you @[[User:Koavf|Koavf]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BigKrow|contribs]]) 11:08, 14 May 2026 (UTC)
*{{support}} Other than perhaps inflating the total number of pages reported, I see the idea of &quot;practicing journalism&quot; a worthy and relevant activity within the domain of Wikiversity. [[User:IanVG|IanVG]] ([[User talk:IanVG|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/IanVG|contribs]]) 21:41, 14 May 2026 (UTC)
*{{support}} Conditional on development of (a) community guidelines that ensure alignment with Wikiversity's purpose, and (b) clear, nested page-naming structures for projects. More detail below. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:48, 15 May 2026 (UTC)
*{{contra}} This proposal doesn't seem interested in expanding educational materials in journalism, but rather in providing space and protection for Wikinews contributors. But this is contrary to the goals of Wikiversity, and I'm not sure it's a good idea, even with regard to WMF. If WMF decides to close a project and another community lets it run on its domain, that's a bit of an undermining of WMF's and the community's decisions. Given that Wikiversity has had several conflicts with other communities and WMF in its history, I'm against it.--[[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 18:59, 15 May 2026 (UTC)

===Comments and questions===
:Definitely worthy of discussion, so I have no problem with the proposal in the sitenotice.
:Initial questions:
:* Does this proposal include importing English Wikinews content e.g., to [[Wikinews]] subpages?
:* What are &quot;active editions&quot;?
:* How can Wikiversity navigate the concerns that lead to the closure of Wikinews?
:* Are any changes to the scope of Wikinews proposed?
:* How does [[Wikinews]] fit with the [[Wikiversity:Mission]]? What aligns well? Where might there be tension?
:** e.g., I'm not sure that a page like [[Story/Manchester City moves two points behind Arsenal]] in and of itself will serve as an educational resource.
:-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 05:52, 14 May 2026 (UTC)
:* Does this proposal include importing English Wikinews content e.g., to [[Wikinews]] subpages?
::*No, not at this time.
:* What are &quot;active editions&quot;?
::*There were 30 other active editions of Wikinews in addition to English (e.g. [[:n:es:]]) at the time of universal closure (2026-05-04).
:* How can Wikiversity navigate the concerns that lead to the closure of Wikinews?
::*One of the biggest issues was the problems with DPL, which is now irrelevant. Another was the lack of activity, which can be ameliorated by having it be part of an existing project instead of its own domain (e.g. some editions of Wikipedia host their own Wikinews already and those projects were not impacted by the closure).
:* Are any changes to the scope of Wikinews proposed?
::*Not at this juncture. I would also propose as far as implemention goes that we would request a new namespace and that the material be more-or-less sequestered into its own ongoing project, like Wikijournal is or like the Cookbook and Wikijunior are at our sister [[:b:]].
:* How does [[Wikinews]] fit with the [[Wikiversity:Mission]]? What aligns well? Where might there be tension?
:** e.g., I'm not sure that a page like [[Story/Manchester City moves two points behind Arsenal]] in and of itself will serve as an educational resource.
::*The process of citizen journalists practicing their craft in real-time and collaborating with others to do so is itself an education activity. We would essentially be hosting a real-time experiment in citizen journalism, online communities, and collaborative learning in addition to the prospect of spreading educational information from someone actually reading the news. I would propose that we could also make a more deliberate attempt to engage with learning &lt;em&gt;about&lt;/em&gt; what does and doesn't work with collaborative news writing by experimentation (e.g. audio news, syndicating to other sites, incorporating freely-licensed news from other sources, writing hyper-local news, writing briefs versus longer-term reportage) and also seeing if the problems noted in the Task Force report that recommended closure can be overcome. Note that we have already done some local investigation about and learning about wiki-based journalism on Wikinews here at [[Journalism studies and Wikinews]]. We could continue that learning and refine the process, including incorporating journalism students from universities. As for tensions, Wikinews is the only sister project that must be done with a quick turn-around: if you take a long time to [[:s:|transcribe a book]], that's just how long it takes, but if you take a long time to write news, it ceases to be news entirely. Wikiversity has been a very slow-growing project that has definitely had some successes but has generally come together over a long period with most learning resources being individual passion projects (or sometimes, frankly, crankery) which would not work with collaborative news that requires more than just a single editor writing whatever he feels like.
::Please let me know any other questions/concerns and any other editors feel free to give your own perspective. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 06:13, 14 May 2026 (UTC)
:::Thanks, Justin — it is food for thought.
:::In attempting to understand how we've arrived here, I've summarised some of the background on this page: [[Wikinews]].
:::Perhaps it could be helpful to flesh out more of the vision / ideas / possibilities / challenges on that page? -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:49, 14 May 2026 (UTC)

:::*Having given it some thought, in principle, I support hosting [[citizen journalism]] on Wikiversity where it is clearly connected to a learning project and/or constitutes original research, both of which align strongly with [[Wikiversity:Mission|Wikiversity’s educational mission]].
:::*My chief concern is the potential for news content that is not clearly linked to the purpose of Wikiversity. To avoid this, some community-agreed guidelines would be prudent. These need not be overly restrictive; they should support boldness and experimentation while helping ensure alignment with Wikiversity's purpose.
:::*Given the reported low and declining activity on Wikinews, it seems unlikely that English Wikiversity would be overwhelmed by an influx of news-related editing. My impression is that English Wikinews was the most active edition, but even so, many contributors are likely to disperse to other projects or cease editing altogether. A modest migration of interested editors to Wikiversity seems manageable.
:::*At this stage, I do not think a dedicated namespace is necessary. Subpages under [[Wikinews]] or nested pages under relevant learning or research projects, or user-space draft pages should be suitable. I agree that [[Wikijournal]] offers a useful model, as do several existing course structures on Wikiversity.
:::*I support [[User:Koavf]]’s suggestions about framing Wikinews activity explicitly around learning. This would create a distinctive space for experimenting with collaborative news production in ways that are pedagogically meaningful. I agree that the [[journalism studies and Wikinews]] project developed by David and Leigh Blackall through the University of Wollongong is an excellent example of the intersection between Wikiversity and Wikinews. The [[Wikinews]] page could evolve into a hub for such projects.
:::*I've tidied the [[:Category:Wikinews|Wikinews category]] and merged some content into the [[Wikinews]] page. As part of a reinvigoration effort, please review these and related resources such as [[:Category:Journalism]] and [[School:Journalism]].
:::*A further argument in favour of this initiative is that Wikipedia explicitly excludes both news reporting and original research. So, there is value in maintaining spaces within the Wikimedia ecosystem where these forms of knowledge production can be openly developed and curated. Such work can, in turn, generate valuable evidence and source material that may later inform Wikipedia articles.
:::*The closure of WMF-hosted Wikinews does not imply that open wiki-based news curation lacks value. Indeed, the closure documentation appears supportive of experimentation with alternative news models across Wikimedia projects, including through Wikipedia and Wikidata. In that context, Wikiversity seems a natural home for a Wikinews experiment, provided it is clearly grounded in learning and/or research.
:::-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:39, 15 May 2026 (UTC)
My understanding towards Wikinews' failure is that everything takes too long to be approved for the publish status, which means that any breaking news would have already become days-old stale news. Wikinews has a brand recognition (for right or wrong reasons) than Wikiversity and I wonder how effective Wikiversity can attract the &quot;Wikinews refugees&quot; to edit here. And just a quick note on the governance. Since each Wikiversity language operates independently, each language has to vote &amp; adopt this proposal independently. [[User:OhanaUnited|&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0000FF;&quot;&gt;OhanaUnited&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;]][[User talk:OhanaUnited|&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;Talk page&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;]] 13:47, 15 May 2026 (UTC)

:Your assessment about Wikinews is partially correct. I referenced it earlier, but to be explicit, there is a [[:m:Proposal for Closing Wikinews|report by a task force on sister projects]] that outlines their concerns. There are a few, one of which was the nature of the staleness of news. Thanks also for clarifying that this proposal is only relevant to en.wv and is not binding or even proposed for other editions of Wikiversity. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 18:54, 15 May 2026 (UTC)

== Inactivity policy for Curators ==

I was wondering if there is a specific inactivity polity for curators (semi-admins) as I am pretty sure the global policy does not apply to them as they are not ''fully'' sysops. [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 03:20, 15 February 2026 (UTC)

:Unfortunately, I don't see an inactivity policy, but if we were to create such a new policy for curators, it should be the same for custodians (administrators). [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 18:45, 15 February 2026 (UTC)
::@[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] There is currently none, that I could find, for custodians either. [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 00:47, 17 February 2026 (UTC)
:::I think we should propose a local inactivity policy for custodians (and by extension, curators), which should be at least one year without any edits ''and'' logged actions. However, I don't know which page should it be when the inactivity removal procedure starts. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 00:53, 17 February 2026 (UTC)
::::@[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] In theory, there should be a section added at [[WV:Candidates for custodianship]] [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 00:55, 17 February 2026 (UTC)
::::: To be consistent with the [[meta:Admin activity review|global period of 2 years inactivity]] for en.wv  [[Wikiversity:Custodianship#Notes|Custodians]] and [[Wikiversity:Bureaucratship#How are bureaucrats removed?|Bureaucrats]] we could add something like this to [[Wikiversity:Curators]]:
::::::The maximum time period of inactivity &lt;u&gt;without community review&lt;/u&gt; for curators is two years (consistent with  the [[:meta:Category:Global policies|global policy]] described at [[meta:Admin activity review|Admin activity review]] which applies for [[Wikiversity:Custodianship#Notes|Custodians]] and [[Wikiversity:Bureaucratship|Bureaucrats]]). After that time a custodian will remove the rights.
::::: -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 10:51, 27 March 2026 (UTC)
:::::Yup, I agree with Jtneill, there is a policy proposal for Wikiversity:Curators, where it should be logically deployed. The question is if we are ready to aprove the policy. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 17:43, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
:::::: I agree, but we should notify the colloquium about inactive curators, just like a steward would do for inactive custodians and bureaucrats per [[:m:Admin activity review|AAR]]. What is the minimum timeframe an inactive curator should receive so they can respond they would keep their rights? [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 17:49, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
:I incorporated these suggestions into the proposed curators policy. Please review/comment/improve. Summary: 2 years, notify curator's user page, then remove rights after 1 month: [[Wikiversity:Curators#Inactivity]]. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 08:59, 24 April 2026 (UTC)
:: @[[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] I created [[Template:Inactive curator]] for this. Feel free to make any changes or improvements. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 14:29, 24 April 2026 (UTC)
:::Wondering, should we also have:
:::* {{tl|Inactive custodian}}
:::* {{tl|Inactive bureaucrat}}
:::or perhaps just a single template with a parameter(s) for the user right(s)/role(s)? e.g., 
:::* if a custodian is inactive for 2 years, then custodian and curator rights are to be removed and 
:::* if a bureaucrat is inactive for 2 years, then bureaucrat, custodian, and curator rights are to to be removed.
:::-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 09:58, 13 May 2026 (UTC)
:::: I would probably modify that template when we actually develop our own inactivity policy, because we're currently under the AAR (a steward notifies the colloquium with [[m:Admin activity review/Notice to communities]], and inactive advanced right holders with [[m:Admin activity review/Notice to inactive right holders]]). [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:16, 13 May 2026 (UTC)
:::::Ah, I see. Yes, that makes sense. Thankyou. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 04:21, 15 May 2026 (UTC)
: In that case, should we develop our own inactivity policy (e.g. on [[Wikiversity:Inactivity policy]] or [[Wikiversity:Support staff/Inactivity]])? I would list the general inactivity part, the process, etc. Once it's approved as a policy, I will [[m:Stewards' noticeboard|notify the stewards]]. Thoughts? [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:30, 16 May 2026 (UTC)
::Originally, I would have thought that, for a small wiki like en.wv, it made sense to leave inactivity monitoring to the stewards. However, with the creation of the curator user group, we have already taken on local responsibility for monitoring inactivity in at least one advanced-rights group. Extending this to custodians and bureaucrats would not add much additional overhead and would provide a more consistent and transparent local administrative process.
::One option would be to develop a single, centralised policy covering all advanced-rights groups.
::An alternative would be to include an ==Inactivity== section on each relevant policy page (e.g., we already have [[Wikiversity:Curatorship#Inactivity]], but not yet in the custodianship, and bureaucratship policy pages). This approach would allow some flexibility because different user groups may warrant different criteria (such as inactivity thresholds, qualifying activity, or review procedures).
::A hybrid approach may be best: maintain separate inactivity sections within each user-group policy page, while transcluding these into a central overview page such as Codename Noreste suggests. This would preserve clarity at the local policy level while also providing a single reference point for consistency and oversight. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 23:09, 16 May 2026 (UTC)
::: I would suggest we develop a centralized inactivity policy page, and include a short summarized section of that page, on the support staff user group pages. We must also include a link to that policy page if we were to add &lt;nowiki&gt;== Inactivity ==&lt;/nowiki&gt; to each of those user group pages. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:48, 17 May 2026 (UTC)

== Inactive curators ==

Hello, even though [[Wikiversity:Curators]] is not a policy yet, there are curators listed here that have been inactive for two years or more:
* {{user|Cody naccarato}} (last edit on 13 Dec 2022, last logged action on 10 Dec 2022)
* {{user|Praxidicae}} (last edit on 10 Sep 2022, last logged action on 12 Sep 2022)
[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 21:14, 19 April 2026 (UTC)

:Yup, I would remove the rights. To get the rights back if theyll come back should not be a big deal. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 20:08, 24 April 2026 (UTC)
:: When they don't reply by May 19, feel free (or any custodian) to do so. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 00:28, 25 April 2026 (UTC)

==Curator inactivity review==
These curators haven't been active for &gt; 2 years. As per the [[Wikiversity:Curatorship|curatorship policy]]:
* [[Special:Log/Cody naccarato]] was notified on their talk page by [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] on 24 Apr 2026
* [[Special:Log/Praxidicae]] was notified on their talk page by [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] on 24 Apr 2026
* [[Special:Log/Tegel]] was notified on their talk page by [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] notified their talk page on 16 May 2026

The policy allows a month to hear from these users. If no response, a custodian will remove their curator rights.

-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 06:14, 16 May 2026 (UTC)
: For Cody naccarato and Praxidicae, their rights are to be removed by the 19th of May if they don't respond either here or on their talk page. For Tegel, the removal will happen on the 16th of June, probably. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:13, 16 May 2026 (UTC)
::Should be 24 May for Cody naccarato and Praxidicae? -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 23:11, 16 May 2026 (UTC)
::: I made [[#Inactive curators]] on the 19th of April. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 03:18, 17 May 2026 (UTC)
::::OK, I see (had missed that thread, sorry - I've now moved the the 3 inactivity topics to be adjacent).
::::I'm thinking the curator policy indicates one month from user talk page notification? -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 06:44, 17 May 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>fkx6m7tn285jrj0eurzxc6yonkol9ck</sha1>
    </revision>
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      <id>2809940</id>
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        <username>Codename Noreste</username>
        <id>2969951</id>
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      <comment>/* Curator inactivity review */ reply to Jtneill: Yes. (-) ([[mw:c:Special:MyLanguage/User:JWBTH/CD|CD]])</comment>
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&lt;!-- MESSAGES GO BELOW --&gt;
== New titles for user right nominations ==
&lt;div class=&quot;cd-moveMark&quot;&gt;''Moved from [[Wikiversity talk:Candidates for Custodianship#New titles for user right nominations]].  [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 23:20, 17 April 2026 (UTC)''&lt;/div&gt;

I would like to propose the following retitles should a user be nominated for any of the following user rights:
* Curator: Candidates for Curatorship
* Bureaucrat: Candidates for Bureaucratship
The reason is that many curator (and probably bureaucrat) requests have run solely under {{tq|Candidates for Custodianship}}, but that title might sound misleading (especially in regards to the permission a user is requesting). CheckUser and Oversight (suppressor) are not included above since no user was nominated for these sensitive permissions, probably. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 01:30, 19 March 2026 (UTC)

:And it's not that when someone at the beginning misplaced the request, no one thought to move it and the others copied it. Even today, it would be possible to simply take it all and move it. Otherwise, for me, the more fundamental problem is that there is [[Wikiversity:Curators|no approved policy for curators]] than where the requests are based. Curators then operate in a certain vacuum and if one of them &quot;breaks out of the chain&quot;, the average user doesn't have many transparent tools to deal with it, because there is no policy. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 07:02, 19 March 2026 (UTC)
::I am not talking about the curator page (policy proposal). [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 19:08, 21 March 2026 (UTC)
: @[[User:Juandev|Juandev]] I'll see if I can do an overhaul of [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Custodianship]], just like I recently did with the Requests for adminship page on English Wikiquote. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 22:17, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
:Yes, great idea - ideally there will be separate &quot;Candidates for ...&quot; pages for each user right group. The most important for now is to separate curator and custodian pages as CN suggests. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:39, 1 May 2026 (UTC)
:So maybe I previously misunderstood. Are you proposing separated pages for nominations (i.e. [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Curatorship]], [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Bureaucratship]], [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Custodianship]])? [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 12:30, 5 May 2026 (UTC)
:: Yes. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 13:33, 5 May 2026 (UTC)
:::I see, then I am fine with that @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]. Sorry for misunderstanding. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 18:35, 9 May 2026 (UTC)

I've split the user rights nomination pages into:
* [[Wikiversity:Candidates for CheckUser]]
* [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Curatorship]]
* [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Custodianship]]
* [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Bureaucratship]]

Please review. There are likely several links to update, text to adjust, categories to manage, short-cuts to fix etc. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 04:22, 10 May 2026 (UTC)

:Thanks, great job @[[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]]. I am wondering if we need to move archived nominations too, or if we are OK with the actual state. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 08:08, 10 May 2026 (UTC)
::Yes, I think that would be helpful. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 10:46, 10 May 2026 (UTC)
:::I can do it @[[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]], I am just looking what system is there. I can see [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Custodianship/Archive of nominations for full custodianship]] which is a good complementary overview to the subpages with full history. The name of the pages is probably stably, but I would consider to create more specific redirect like [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Custodianship/Overview of staff nominations]], which would link to the above one. Then there is a [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Custodianship/Archived]], which are probably incomplete nominations, right? [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 08:37, 11 May 2026 (UTC)
::::Tx @[[User:Juandev|Juandev]]. Yes, this makes sense. And maybe we move:
::::* archived '''curator''' nominations from [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Custodianship/Archive of nominations for full custodianship]] to e.g., [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Curatorship/Archive of nominations]]
::::* archived '''bureaucrat''' nominations from [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Custodianship/Archive of nominations for full custodianship ]] to e.g., [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Bureaucratship/Archive of nominations]]
::::-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 10:12, 11 May 2026 (UTC)
:::::OK. That sounds good. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 07:25, 12 May 2026 (UTC)
:An svg icon for [[Wikiversity:Curatorship|curators]] would also be helpful. We have them for other user rights: [[c:Category:Wikiversity user rights icons]] -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 10:54, 10 May 2026 (UTC)
::Done: [[Wikiversity:Curators]] -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 01:44, 11 May 2026 (UTC)

== Technical Request:  Courtesy link.. ==

[[Template_talk:Information#Background_must_have_color_defined_as_well]] [[User:ShakespeareFan00|ShakespeareFan00]] ([[User talk:ShakespeareFan00|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ShakespeareFan00|contribs]]) 11:43, 20 March 2026 (UTC)
: I can't edit the template directly as it need an sysop/interface admin to do it. [[User:ShakespeareFan00|ShakespeareFan00]] ([[User talk:ShakespeareFan00|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ShakespeareFan00|contribs]]) 11:43, 20 March 2026 (UTC)
:: Also if the Template field of - https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:LintErrors/night-mode-unaware-background-color is examined, there is poential for an admin to clear a substantial proportion of these by implmenting a simmilar fix to the indciated templates (and underlying stylesheets). It would be nice to clear things like Project box and others, as many other templates (and thus pages depend on them.) :)
[[User:ShakespeareFan00|ShakespeareFan00]] ([[User talk:ShakespeareFan00|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ShakespeareFan00|contribs]]) 11:43, 20 March 2026 (UTC)

:I think it would be best to grant you interface admin rights for a short period of time to make these changes. However, I still have doubts about the suitability of this solution, which may cause other problems and no one has explained to me why dark mode has to be implemented this way @[[User:ShakespeareFan00|ShakespeareFan00]]. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 20:43, 20 March 2026 (UTC)

: I would have reservations about holding such rights, which is why I was trying to do what I could without needing them. However if it is the only way to get the required changes made, I would suggest asking on Wikipedia to find technical editors, willing to undertake the changes needed. [[User:ShakespeareFan00|ShakespeareFan00]] ([[User talk:ShakespeareFan00|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ShakespeareFan00|contribs]]) 09:32, 21 March 2026 (UTC)

== WikiEducator has closed ==

Some of you may know of a similar project to Wikiversity, called [https://wikieducator.org/Main_Page WikiEducator], championed by [https://oerfoundation.org/about/staff/wayne-mackintosh/ Wayne Mackintosh][https://www.linkedin.com/posts/waynemackintosh_important-notice-about-the-oer-foundation-activity-7405113051688931329-Nhm9/][https://openeducation.nz/killed-not-starved/].

It seems [https://openeducation.nz/terminating-oer-foundation their foundation has closed] and they are no longer operating.

They had done quite a bit of outreach (e.g., in the Pacific and Africa) to get educators using wiki.

The WikiEducator content is still available in MediaWiki - and potentially could be imported to Wikiversity ([https://wikieducator.org/WikiEducator:Copyrights CC-BY-SA] is the default license).

The closing of WikiEducator arguably makes the nurturing of Wikiversity even more important.

-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 02:09, 1 April 2026 (UTC)

:I was never active there. If anyone has an account or is otherwise in contact, we may want to copy relevant information here or even at [[:outreach:]]. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 04:46, 1 April 2026 (UTC)

:: I reached out to [[User:Mackiwg~enwikiversity|Wayne]] in January, and he responded briefly but positively (while travelling).  I wrote to the low-traffic wikieducator mailing list today and got a nice [https://groups.google.com/g/wikieducator/c/r_yIyUw6ZIA reply] from [[user:SteveFoerster|Steve Foerster]] who's interested in helping. If we can figure out a migration path it would be great to adopt at least the main namespace pages here.  
:: A few questions that come to mind: 
:: - would people want to create matching user accounts
:: - are there any namespaces (user/talk?) that should not be moved over
:: We could look at how this was done for the [[m:Wikivoyage/Migration]] wikivoyage migration. &lt;span style=&quot;padding:0 2px 0 2px;background-color:white;color:#bbb;&quot;&gt;&amp;ndash;[[User:Sj|SJ]][[User Talk:Sj|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#ff9900;&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/span&gt; 04:27, 1 May 2026 (UTC)
:::That's fantastic, SJ, that you've reached out and that Wayne, Steve, and Jim are receptive—and that you can help! -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:52, 1 May 2026 (UTC)
::::A matching accound makes sense to give credits to the original authors and keep a clean chain of versions. The initial commit into wikiversity could have a &quot;marker with timestamp&quot; similar to signature with a reference where the content's source or a Web archive. This would allow authors to continue there work on wikiversity if they wish. [[User:Bert Niehaus|Bert Niehaus]] ([[User talk:Bert Niehaus|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Bert Niehaus|contribs]]) 06:30, 15 May 2026 (UTC)

== Wikinews is ending ==

Apparently mainly due to low editorial activity, low public interest, but also failure to achieve the goals from the proposal for the creation of the project, the Wikinews project is ending after years of discussions ([[Meta:Proposal for Closing Wikinews|some reading]]).

And I would be interested to see how Wikiversity is doing in the monitored metrics. We probably have more editors than Wikinews had, but what about consumers and achieving the goals? [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 19:14, 1 April 2026 (UTC)

:Wikiversity's biggest issue in recent times was the hosting of low-quality, trash content. Thankfully we've done a great job in removing pseudoscience and other embarrassingly trash content (Wikidebates, for example), but the biggest concern moving forward is proper maintenance IMO. I've caught several pseudoscience pages being created within the last few months that could easily have flown under the radar (ex, [[The Kelemen Dilemma: Causal Collapse and Axiomatic Instability]]), so I'd urge our custodians/curators to be on the lookout for this type of content. Usually an AI-overview can point this type of content out relatively well.
:In terms of visibility, I believe Wikiversity is a high-traffic project. I remember my [[Mathematical Properties]] showing up on the first page of Google when searching up &quot;math properties&quot; for the longest time (and is still showing up in the first page 'till this day!). Besides, Wikinews hosted a lot of short-term content (the nature of news articles), while Wikiversity hosts content that can still be useful a decade later (ex, [[A Reader's Guide to Annotation]]). 
:I think we are on a better path than we were a few months ago, and I do want to thank everyone here who has been helping out with maintaining our website! —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 20:48, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
:For what it's worth, the group that did that study has since disbanded, so no one is monitoring the other sister projects in the same way. Additionally, Wikinews had some catastrophic server issues due to the maintenance of [[:m:Extension:DynamicPageList]] which don't apply here. Your questions are still worth addressing, but I just wanted to cut off any concern at the pass about Wikiversity being in the same precarious situation. Wikiversity is definitely the biggest &quot;lagging behind&quot; or &quot;failure&quot; project now that Wikinews is being shuttered, but I don't see any near- or medium-term pathway to closing Wikiversity. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 00:46, 2 April 2026 (UTC)

:[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/News and notes|Entirety of Wikinews to be shut down]] (Wikipedia Signpost) -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 02:03, 11 April 2026 (UTC)

== Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) ==

Hello everyone,

This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as &lt;code&gt;Module:Itemgroup/list&lt;/code&gt;).

'''The Change:'''&lt;br /&gt;
Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. 

We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''.

'''What You Need To Do:'''&lt;br /&gt;
To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search.

'''Deadline:'''&lt;br /&gt;
We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles.

Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 17:11, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&amp;oldid=29941252 --&gt;
:I didnt find such properties, so we are probably fine. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 21:00, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
:: +1 (agreed). [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 22:19, 12 April 2026 (UTC)

== Enable the abuse filter block action? ==

In light of [[Special:AbuseLog/80178]] (coupon spam), I would like to propose enabling the block action for the abuse filter. Only custodians will be able to enable and disable that action on an abuse filter, and it is useful to block ongoing vandalism. Thoughts? [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 19:12, 13 April 2026 (UTC)

:Seems like a good idea, almost all of the users which create such pages are spambots so this shouldn’t be a problem. [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 23:41, 13 April 2026 (UTC)
:Can you explain some more (I am new to abuse filters)? It looks like the attempted edit was prevented? Which abuse filter?
:Note on your suggestion, have also reactivated Antispam Filter 12 - see [[WV:RCA]]. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 10:45, 15 April 2026 (UTC)
:: I am proposing that we activate the abuse filter block action, which if a user triggers an abuse filter, it would actually block the user in question - the same mechanism that a custodian would use to block users. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 13:11, 15 April 2026 (UTC)
:::OK, thankyou, that makes sense. And, reviewing the abuse filter 12 log, it would be helpful because it would prevent the need for manual blocking. But I don't see a setting for autoblocking? -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 23:14, 15 April 2026 (UTC)
:::: I think it probably adds an autoblock. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 00:43, 16 April 2026 (UTC)
: [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] and [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]], given that a little bit more than a week has passed and there is minimal consensus to activate the abuse filter block action, I filed [[phab:T424053]]. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:05, 21 April 2026 (UTC)
::Thank-you for doing this. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 08:03, 24 April 2026 (UTC)

== Advice needed: A Neurodiversity-inspired Idea/observation ==

If I want the greatest participation of others to &quot;provide constructive criticism to my idea&quot; or to &quot;shoot down my idea&quot; or &quot;idea&quot;.

What I've called it so far is &quot;The Neurodiversity-inspired Idea&quot;. At other times I used more sensationalist wording but here on Wikiversity I don't dare do that. I actually woke up with thinking about putting this into my userspace draft: &quot;Personal Observations Made By Meeting Autistic and Non-Autistic Adults&quot;.

My ultimate goal is to stop blathering about my &quot;idea&quot; to friend and family without feeling my &quot;methodology&quot; is going into any progressive direction whatsoever. My latest encounter was somewhat constructive though. A friend of a friend who worked with people presenting ideas in attempting to getting grants. I don't want a grant. I just want to figure out how I can express my &quot;idea&quot; in a way so that I can more clearly figure out what flaws it got.

At the same time I tend to overthink. If anyone thinks etherpad might be a good place and considering Wikimedia already got an etherpad at https://etherpad.wikimedia.org/ if anyone feels like they know me better in the future feel free to suggest a &quot;session&quot; on etherpad.

'''If I don't receive a reply to this in 1 week's time I will begin to explore this &quot;idea&quot; into my userspace''' unless you replied and refrained me from doing so, of course. Then maybe after &quot;developing it there&quot; I might reference it to you another future time here in the Colloquium, with my &quot;idea&quot; still in my userspace draft. This &quot;idea&quot; is sort of a burden, I'm happy I've made the choice to get rid of it and hopefully move on with my life, unless there is something to this &quot;idea&quot;. 

My failure is probably evident: I feel I haven't told you anything. Same happened to when I talked to friends and family. In danger of overthinking it further I'll publish this right now. I need to &quot;keep it together&quot; [[User:ThinkingScience|ThinkingScience]] ([[User talk:ThinkingScience|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ThinkingScience|contribs]]) 10:36, 16 April 2026 (UTC)

:Good on you putting it out there ... and hitting publish :). I'd say go for it (no need to wait), give birth to your idea and share about it here and elsewhere. Let it take shape and see where it might go. In many ways, this is exactly what an open collaborative learning community should be doing. Others might not know well how to respond, so perhaps consider creating some questions to accompany the idea. Sincerely, James -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:21, 16 April 2026 (UTC)
::Thank you for encouraging me in developing the idea.
::I have created a &quot;questions&quot; section in the draft which is visible in the table of contents now. My brain was &quot;frozen&quot; today metaphorically speaking in that I felt I had like a &quot;writer's block&quot; so the draft has more &quot;AI/LLM&quot; content than before. I used the LLM for generating questions. The answers are so far human-only.
::I've also created a subsection where I could add the prompts that made the LLM generate the questions. That could help people make better prompts perhaps. I've described what it is about inside of it and there are some chaotically written notes.
::[[Draft:The_Neurodiversity-inspired_Idea#Questions_that_might_encourage_the_development_of_this_idea_and_its_methodology]]
::My draft is missing stuff. Any questions that you contribute to my draft will probably help me and if I don't understand the questions I'll probably notify you and also at the same time &quot;feed them&quot; to an LLM and ask in my input like &quot;explain in simple words what this question means, what is it searching for?&quot; etc. while I wait for an answer. If you have any more feedback please give it to me here or on the Draft page, its talk page or my user talk page. Thank you for helping me! [[User:ThinkingScience|ThinkingScience]] ([[User talk:ThinkingScience|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ThinkingScience|contribs]]) 21:20, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
::Today I woke up with not only thinking about supplying questions along with the &quot;idea&quot; but also answers. ie. Is it possible to &quot;test&quot; this idea? Is it possible to create one or multiple hypotheses based on this &quot;idea&quot;?(etc.) I've thought about this before in this &quot;idea&quot; but since I'm beginning to add to Wikiversity what was previously 'locked in my mind' it's also easier for me to see what I've done so far. Thank you for this comment! [[User:ThinkingScience|ThinkingScience]] ([[User talk:ThinkingScience|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ThinkingScience|contribs]]) 09:11, 23 April 2026 (UTC)
:May I think that you should not add deadlines ; being read, and rising interest for collaboration, or even simply for exchange of thoughts, such an effective meeting event loads a huge bunch of unprobability, which time can help to… somehow diminish. Maybe, I would advice you having a central place for developping your ideas, your needs, your advances, maybe a page in your own user zone, and from time to time, depending your feeling, it could be every trimester or so, or more frequently, you could write a short account of progress (or even of no progress), or a call for participation, in such a place as this present one ; I think that will increase much exposure of your projet. Maybe also, if you can find a project name, not necessarily very meaningfull by itseilf (at least it will gain signification with time, as your project develops), that will serve as a kind-of hook, and make your announcement titles more visible. Best regards (and my excuses for my poor command of English, which seems to be unplease an anti-abuse filter, &quot;Questionable Language (profanity)&quot;, which I don't understand…). My few cents. --  [[User:Eric.LEWIN|Eric.LEWIN]] ([[User talk:Eric.LEWIN|discussion]] • [[Special:Contributions/Eric.LEWIN|contributions]]) 10:06, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
::Sorry about the false positive on the profanity filter - I've fixed it. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 10:26, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
:::&quot;May I think that you should not add deadlines ; being read, and rising interest for collaboration, or even simply for exchange of thoughts, such an effective meeting event loads a huge bunch of unprobability, which time can help to… somehow diminish.&quot;
::Thank you Eric for this comment. Trust in time is how I interpret it. I should not feel like I need to be in a hurry. I'll try to give this time. Thank you!
:::&quot;Maybe, I would advice you having a central place for developping your ideas, your needs, your advances, maybe a page in your own user zone, and from time to time, depending your feeling, it could be every trimester or so, or more frequently, you could write a short account of progress (or even of no progress), or a call for participation, in such a place as this present one ; I think that will increase much exposure of your projet.&quot;
::A central place for developing or making &quot;project notes&quot; regarding the Neurodiversity idea on my userspace, I might need that, like a diary or &quot;project notes&quot; of the Neurodiversity idea similar to my course notes regarding my experience with Coursera.
::Any actions I take are going to be related to my Userspace from now on but I'll also update the draft when necessary. Now in the beginning I might be working daily to once every 3 days on both the draft and the daily notes I plan to make.
:::&quot;Maybe also, if you can find a project name, not necessarily very meaningfull by itseilf (at least it will gain signification with time, as your project develops), that will serve as a kind-of hook, and make your announcement titles more visible.&quot;
::Thank you for the advice. I was brainstorming yesterday about it. I concluded that since I've not yet developed a methodology that adheres to &quot;Do no harm&quot; and this is my first time working my &quot;idea&quot; into a way that is compatible with how projects develop on English Wikiversity this is new to me. My methodology isn't developed and therefore trying to get attention to my project through a name can wait. Yesterday I figured out a silly title that has nothing to do with the project: &quot;Planetary Awareness Potato Cabbage Rolls&quot; or something like that. Google output read that no such thing exists so I wanted it mainly to be unique. I don't want to raise attention that I'm unsure whether I'll actually be capable of developing a methodology for but project notes is my best bet so far in tracking my progress. Every day I think about this &quot;idea&quot; but I need to improve the important parts.
:::&quot;Best regards (and my excuses for my poor command of English, which seems to be unplease an anti-abuse filter, &quot;Questionable Language (profanity)&quot;, which I don't understand…). My few cents.&quot;
::You added great points and I felt that I was helped by you! I encourage you to post again and I can understand that interacting with any kind of automated filter can be discouraging and can be for me too! Thank you for giving me feedback! [[User:ThinkingScience|ThinkingScience]] ([[User talk:ThinkingScience|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ThinkingScience|contribs]]) 16:01, 18 April 2026 (UTC)

== Add some user rights to the curator user group? ==

By default, only custodians have the ability to mark new pages as patrolled (&lt;code&gt;patrol&lt;/code&gt;) and have their own page creations automatically marked as patrolled (&lt;code&gt;autopatrol&lt;/code&gt;). I am proposing both of the following:
* Curators can mark new pages as patrolled, helping on reducing the backlog of new, unpatrolled pages.
* New pages made by curators will be automatically marked as patrolled by the MediaWiki software.
Before we implement this, I would suggest implementing a proposed guideline for marking new pages as patrolled for curators and custodians.

Thoughts? [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:32, 17 April 2026 (UTC)

:Agree, &lt;s&gt;also can we also allow curators to undelete pages since they already have the rights to delete them?&lt;/s&gt; [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 02:54, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
::I think the requirement that undelete NOT be included came from above (meta / stewards / central office). Having access to the undelete page gives access to information that is restricted by their policies to admins (custodians and bureaucrats). -- [[User:Dave Braunschweig|Dave Braunschweig]] ([[User talk:Dave Braunschweig|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dave Braunschweig|contribs]]) 20:12, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
::: [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]], unless if requests for curator and custodian should be RfA-like processes (that is, including voting and comments), then I have to agree with Dave above. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 22:03, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
::::Oh, I didn’t realise that. Withdrawing my comment.. [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 00:08, 19 April 2026 (UTC)
:{{support}} Seems reasonable and would reduce overhead. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 14:35, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
:'''Agree''', implement it also to [[Wikiversity:Curators]] proposal please. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 17:11, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
: I went ahead and filed [[phab:T424445]]. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:39, 26 April 2026 (UTC)

== [[Wikiversity:Curators|Curators and curators policy]] ==
{{archive top|There is strong consensus, so [[Wikiversity:Curators]] is now a policy. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:15, 9 May 2026 (UTC)}}
How does it come, that Wikiversity has curators, but Curators policy is still being proposed? How do the curators exists and act if the policy about them havent been approved yet? [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 18:33, 16 October 2025 (UTC)

:It looks as if it is not just curators. The policy on Bureaucratship is still being proposed as well. See [[Wikiversity:Bureaucratship]]. —[[User:RailwayEnthusiast2025|&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Verdana; color:#008000; text-shadow:gray 0.2em 0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;RailwayEnthusiast2025&lt;/span&gt;]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:RailwayEnthusiast2025|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#59a53f&quot;&gt;''talk with me!''&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 18:33, 27 October 2025 (UTC)

:I think its just the nature of a small WMF sister project in that there are lots of drafts, gaps, and potential improvements. In this case, these community would need to vote on those proposed Wikiversity staff policies if we think they're ready. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 02:08, 3 December 2025 (UTC)
:What? I thought you were getting it approved, Juandev... :) [[User:I&amp;#39;m Mr. Chris|I&amp;#39;m Mr. Chris]] ([[User talk:I&amp;#39;m Mr. Chris|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/I&amp;#39;m Mr. Chris|contribs]]) 14:20, 12 February 2026 (UTC)
::Yeah I think this one is important too and we need to aprove it too @[[User:I'm Mr. Chris|I'm Mr. Chris]]. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 15:56, 12 February 2026 (UTC)
:::I thinks its ready to made into a policy, it seems to be complete and informative about what the rights does and how to get it. [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 03:08, 15 February 2026 (UTC)
::::Agree -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:00, 27 March 2026 (UTC)

Let's make this the official discussion about adopting the [[Wikiversity:Curators|curators policy]] policy. Your comments are invited and welcome. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 08:40, 24 April 2026 (UTC)
: There were two similar Colloquium threads in separate places about the proposed curators policy. So I've moved them to be adjacent. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 12:42, 1 May 2026 (UTC)
{{archive bottom}}

== Wikiversity:Curators to become a policy ==
{{archive top|There is strong consensus, so [[Wikiversity:Curators]] is now a policy. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:16, 9 May 2026 (UTC)}}
I've looked at the discussions about the Curators policy, I've looked at the practices, and it seems to me that there is no dispute about the wording of the policy, and what's more, the community has been using this proposal as if it were an offical policy for several years. Therefore, I propose that [[Wikiversity:Curators]] become a policy. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 18:35, 18 April 2026 (UTC)

:{{support}} —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 18:54, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
:{{support}} —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 20:21, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
: {{support|Yes, please}}. Especially after when I and PieWriter proposed above, I agree. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 14:27, 24 April 2026 (UTC)
:: @[[User:Juandev|Juandev]]; as of now, curators now have the user rights &lt;code&gt;autopatrol&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;patrol&lt;/code&gt;. Perhaps we should also include that in [[Wikiversity:Custodianship]]? [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 12:07, 30 April 2026 (UTC)
:::You meant [[Wikiversity:Curators]] @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]? [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 12:15, 5 May 2026 (UTC)
:::: I agree that we must develop what rules curators should follow when marking new pages as patrolled; the same can be added for custodians since they can also mark new pages as patrolled. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 13:37, 5 May 2026 (UTC)
:::::I see, well I think you can just add this to the policy. It is not major change and it probably reflects actual practice or actual technical possibilities for those flags. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 09:20, 7 May 2026 (UTC)
:{{support}} -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 12:42, 1 May 2026 (UTC)
:{{Support}} per nom. [[User:PhilDaBirdMan|PhilDaBirdMan]] ([[User talk:PhilDaBirdMan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PhilDaBirdMan|contribs]]) 13:32, 1 May 2026 (UTC)
{{Archive bottom}}

== Is anyone interested in Neurodiversity? ==

Is anyone interested in Neurodiversity? Is there anyone here who is interested for Neurodiversity to be &quot;something more&quot; than it already is? Does anyone here consider Neurodiversity one of the &quot;harder topics&quot; to work on or discuss? Does anyone here have an opinion about the [[Neurodiversity Movement]]? So these questions don't appear like &quot;out of a vacuum&quot; I can tell you a bit about my background:

Many years ago I got a psychiatric diagnosis &quot;Asperger's&quot;. After I stepped out of the office and my Äsperger's was 'concluded', I stepped out into the street and thought my first negative thought(but the positive thought followed after). The thought was about concentration camps in the second world war and that the world seemed to be going into the direction of &quot;labeling others&quot;. I was unsure whether this was &quot;real science&quot; and sort of &quot;challenged myself&quot; to make up my own mind after meeting people that had been given this diagnosis. The more adults with this diagnosis I met the more I started seeing &quot;patterns&quot;.

Was it a coincidence that the first person with Asperger's I met reminded me about my father later after I had plenty of times of experience with interacting with him? None of the people I interacted with online through IRC text chat...I felt I got any clue about how &quot;their brains work&quot;. Only when I met one person from the Asperger's chat community in person we both realized that whatever we experienced was akin to the &quot;chaos theory&quot;. He told me about &quot;chaos theory&quot; while I didn't know even what that term meant but I guess I 'read between the lines'. My question that I linger on still today is &quot;did he understand about me what I think I understood about him?&quot;? That our brains had the same configuration? Most autistic adults who meet other autistic adults usually get disappointed. They think the diagnosis will help them meet somebody like themselves and then they realize the great diversity in the autistic spectrum created by Psychiatry.

I later stopped interacting with autistic communities that much, I felt that it did not benefit me. Also Neurodiversity's &quot;neurotypes&quot; interested me for a while until I realized I had &quot;misunderstood everything&quot; about them and how they are used in the Neurodiversity Movement or &quot;Neurodiversity community&quot; if that even can precisely be defined? I doubt it but if you want to contribute to the [[Neurodiversity Movement]]. My previous attempts failed as I got more and more confused. I think a community project needs a community. With a lack of that I don't think it is worth my time. If any of you would like to work on that project let me know on my talk page.

So I was kinda lost and was talking to my friend and psychologist and I realized if I never talk about my idea to anyone in a &quot;comprehensive way&quot; or show that it matters to me nothing is going to ever happen. So I started talking about my &quot;idea&quot; more. Nobody could understand the &quot;idea&quot; because I had not developed my skills regarding where to start...although the process had already started &quot;automatically&quot; and that's why I often think of &quot;well my brain sort of activated me&quot;. I don't feel like I did have a plan and this idea happened. It happened &quot;by itself&quot;. My brain reacted to what I was seeing in a video or stream.

I value interaction highly in this idea. I think it would be helpful to make a community of people who are not paranoid about stuff that can express itself like &quot;don't analyze me!&quot;, &quot;don't compare me to anyone!&quot;. 

On the contrary, more often than not those adults who were diagnosed were actually openly comparing themselves with each other and I think that is healthy in a &quot;science&quot; way if done the &quot;right way&quot; which probably means &quot;Do no harm&quot;.

I found video material is important but I'm very unsure if uploading own video material to Wikimedia Commons would constitute a &quot;reasonable&quot; use of the resources there. Maybe somebody here needs to ask more questions to me that I should answer before that happens. I also know the '''be bold''' so I could just do what I think might be ok. Though I work better in a group as long as I know what &quot;group configurations&quot; help me. This is in a non-profit way. Since the state supported me this might be a way I am trying to &quot;give back&quot; to the state and &quot;the world&quot;. May seem overly ambitious and crazy but this thing gives me energy. It gives me hope when trying to develop this idea. [[User:ThinkingScience|ThinkingScience]] ([[User talk:ThinkingScience|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ThinkingScience|contribs]]) 10:47, 23 April 2026 (UTC)

:Thanks for sharing. There is plenty of room for neurodiversity community learning. However, the challenge I think is that the intersection of those interested in (a) ND, and (b) English Wikiversity might be very small (e.g., 1!) at this point in time.
:But don't give up hope. For example, Wikipedia has many more ND-interested editors; maybe consider reaching out to see who might be interested:
:[[w:Category:Wikipedians interested in neurodiversity]]
:You could also start an equivalent category here:
:[[:Category:Wikiversitarians interested in neurodiversity]] -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 04:46, 6 May 2026 (UTC)

== Request for comment (global AI policy) ==

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 00:58, 26 April 2026 (UTC)&lt;/bdi&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=30424282 --&gt;

== Language learning  ==

toki! I am trying to add or see what the toki pona language learning stuff on here is but I don't see anything that is language learning for anything. [[User:Jan Imon|Jan Imon]] ([[User talk:Jan Imon|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jan Imon|contribs]]) 23:13, 2 May 2026 (UTC) —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 17:29, 3 May 2026 (UTC)

:We have language materials ([[:Category:Languages]], [[World Languages]], [[Portal:Foreign Language Learning]], [[Portal:Multilingual Studies]]). They are not as developed as I think we would all like and there's not any coverage of Toki Pona, but in principle, we could and would like that. You can also see [[:b:Subject:Languages]] at our sister project Wikibooks. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 17:33, 3 May 2026 (UTC)

== Timeline format? ==

I’ve been working on the World War II articles, including the [[World War II/Timeline|timeline]], and is there a specific timeline format that should be used? Right now it’s just a table, and there’s no separation between different periods/phases of the war.

I don’t want to use [[mw:Extension:EasyTimeline]] because this will be displaying dates and not time periods. [[User:PhilDaBirdMan|PhilDaBirdMan]] ([[User talk:PhilDaBirdMan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PhilDaBirdMan|contribs]]) 01:35, 4 May 2026 (UTC)

:I dont think we have a policy or guideline, how to format a timeline. But you may try to browes wikiversity by Google if someone was dealing with this in the past somewhow @[[User:PhilDaBirdMan|PhilDaBirdMan]]. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 12:23, 5 May 2026 (UTC)
::+1 - there's no specific guideline on how to format a timeline, it's really up to you. In my opinion I think the timeline is good. I'd personally bold the dates just to make it easier to separate it from the event description, but that's my personal 2 cents. —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 14:18, 5 May 2026 (UTC)
:::I’ll probably remove links to the dates/years, they’re just Wikipedia pages that shouldn’t be over linked to. [[User:PhilDaBirdMan|PhilDaBirdMan]] ([[User talk:PhilDaBirdMan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PhilDaBirdMan|contribs]]) 00:39, 6 May 2026 (UTC)

== Interface administrator for Codename Noreste ==
{{Archive top|After running for a week, there is clear consensus for [[User:Codename Noreste]] to have Interface admin rights for 120 days; implemented until 10 September, 2026 -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 22:36, 12 May 2026 (UTC)}}

Hello, everyone. I am requesting interface administrator access on this wiki.

The main reasoning is that I would benefit from having the user right &lt;code&gt;editinterface&lt;/code&gt;, which would allow me to make dark mode changes to pages in the MediaWiki namespace, add &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;mw-parser-output&quot;&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; to some interface pages using templates, handle interface-protected edit requests, and similar stuff. Additionally, I have some knowledge of CSS, and I would like to assist with modifying CSS pages whenever necessary, such as moving MediaWiki common.css code to TemplateStyles CSS pages.

I am requesting the maximum time that is allowed per the [[Wikiversity:Interface administrators|policy]], and I have 2FA enabled on my account. Thank you. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 00:55, 6 May 2026 (UTC)

*{{support}} Globally trusted user. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 01:07, 6 May 2026 (UTC)
*{{support}} Trusted and knowledgeable. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 04:35, 6 May 2026 (UTC)
*{{support}} WV would benefit from this. —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 08:32, 6 May 2026 (UTC)
*{{support}} --[[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 09:13, 7 May 2026 (UTC)

:{{Comment}} Could @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] delete [[MediaWiki:Gadget-WikiSign.js]], which was requested to be deleted @[[User:Koavf|Justin]], @[[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]], @[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]]? I dont think we need it. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 07:40, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
::Yes - clearly no longer used -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 10:18, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
::: I can't delete it because I don't have the required permissions to do so.
::: On a side note, if this project has a need for permanent interface administrators, I would suggest that we have a minimum of two IAs, similar to how there must be two CUs and/or suppressors (or none). Maybe Koavf can be a good candidate if I am elected for permanent interface adminship, and I believe that permission shouldn't be removed from someone's own account. Instead, a bureaucrat should do it. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 13:20, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
::::I am willing and happy to do it, unfortunately, we do not have an appetite for indef IAs and just had a discussion that resulted in a [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity:Interface_administrators&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=2807543 consensus that we can have IAs that have the user rights for 14 to 120 days]. So once you have the rights, please make sure to gopher it. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 17:54, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
:::::@[[User:Koavf|Koavf]] give it time. Look at me, I was in favor of shorter time, now I am looking back to times, when custodians could do it without the need of extra flag. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 18:31, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
::::::Here's hoping. I think it would reduce administrative overhead, but that's just me and I'm not a bureaucrat here. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 18:33, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
::::Complicated. Where are the times, admins could do everything! [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 18:27, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
{{archive bottom}}

== [[Wikiversity:Bureaucratship]] to become a policy ==

Following the recent approval of [[Wikiversity:Curators]] as a policy, I think [[Wikiversity:Bureaucratship]] may also be ready for policy status.

Please share your views about whether bureaucratship is ready to become a policy, or whether further revisions are needed.

-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 13:58, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
: I added a logo about that user group, but other than that, it looks good to me. {{support}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 14:38, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
:I think that the consensus on this policy is proven by years of using it without further changes. But I I have to say weather I agree with this to become a policy, than of course {{support}}. It works and there were no major issues with it. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 18:45, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
:{{support}} no issues. —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 14:51, 10 May 2026 (UTC)
:{{support}} [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 12:37, 11 May 2026 (UTC)
:{{support}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 06:51, 12 May 2026 (UTC)

== Reminder about custodian-related pages ==

I would like to remind the community about what the following custodian pages are:
* [[Wikiversity:Request custodian action]] is for requesting actions to be done by custodians, and
* [[Wikiversity:Notices for custodians]] is for notices of interest to custodians, like an administrator's noticeboard
Thank you. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 14:12, 12 May 2026 (UTC)

:Thanks - I needed this reminder :) -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 22:21, 12 May 2026 (UTC)

== [[MediaWiki:Protectedpagetext#Protected edit request on 11 December 2025]] ==

I posted an edit request there 5 months ago, so I’ll be taking it to this page. [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-28640-56|&amp;#126;2026-28640-56]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2026-28640-56|talk]]) 23:33, 12 May 2026 (UTC)

:What exactly is the problem? I don't understand what needs to change and why. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 23:35, 12 May 2026 (UTC)
: Pinging @[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]], @[[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] and @[[User:Juandev|Juandev]] for further input. Someone is requesting a modification to [[MediaWiki:Protectedpagetext]] to use {{tlx|Protected page text}}, but we might need to discuss whether to use the template. In the meantime, I'll start a sandbox version of the protected page text template. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 23:19, 14 May 2026 (UTC)
::Sounds good -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 04:13, 15 May 2026 (UTC)

== Create a pseudo-bot user group? ==

I would like to propose adding a new user group to Wikiversity: Pseudo-bot (&lt;code&gt;flood&lt;/code&gt;). This will allow users to perform repetitive actions without flushing the recent changes feed (with only the &lt;code&gt;bot&lt;/code&gt; user right). However, I would suggest that for the pseudo-bot user group:
* It can be granted and revoked by custodians. However, can curators add and remove pseudo-bot from their own accounts (and not others)?
* Users can remove themselves from it.
* A guideline might be necessary about the information and usage of it.
Thoughts? [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 03:31, 14 May 2026 (UTC)

:This sounds good. Which other wiki could we model this user group on? e.g., [[b:Wikibooks:Pseudo-bots]]? -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 04:19, 15 May 2026 (UTC)
::@[[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] Wikiquote has a similar group: [[:wikiquote:Special:ListGroupRights]] [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 04:25, 15 May 2026 (UTC)

== Coming over From wikinews ==
Any chance someone could help me if you are allowed to write news articles here since wikinews is going read only mode soon, thank you! [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BigKrow|contribs]]) 22:43, 1 May 2026 (UTC)

:The scope of Wikiversity is very broad and is basically about more-or-less any learning material. We have made it a point to not have duplicative content of other WMF projects, but since Wikinews is being shuttered, I personally am fine with writing news articles here. One thing that is not controversial at all is a learning resource &lt;em&gt;about&lt;/em&gt; how to write news: that could be hugely useful here and could involve the process of writing news stories to learn and to share back and forth with an editor or fact-checker. In fact, I'd support an entire namespace dedicated to keeping the notion of Wikinews alive here. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 23:38, 1 May 2026 (UTC)
::Thank you so much! How do I start? Cheers! @[[User:Koavf|Koavf]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BigKrow|contribs]]) 01:07, 2 May 2026 (UTC)
:::I think it's premature to start just making news articles en masse, but if you want to start discussing the topic of citizen journalism, you can do that now. [[:Category:Journalism]] already has some material, so you can start by seeing what we already have, how you can refine that, etc. You can definitely have learning resources with collaborators who want to learn about journalism ASAP. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 01:24, 2 May 2026 (UTC)
::::thanks. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BigKrow|contribs]]) 01:38, 2 May 2026 (UTC)
::::If I could try and start one News Article could you please tell me how to go about it? Like what style of writing like Wikinews or something else? Thank you Justin! @[[User:Koavf|Koavf]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BigKrow|contribs]]) 01:48, 2 May 2026 (UTC)
:::::Honestly, there are very few policies and guidelines here. I think the best way to write a news story would be in a manner that is obvious and instructive. So, for instance, it's common to use the &quot;pyramid style&quot; when you're writing news, so if you were to write a story that makes it very clear that you are using that approach, that would be helpful. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 02:08, 2 May 2026 (UTC)
::::::cool thanks. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BigKrow|contribs]]) 02:13, 2 May 2026 (UTC)
::::::im ready to write @[[User:Koavf|Koavf]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BigKrow|contribs]]) 21:30, 13 May 2026 (UTC)
:::::::I think we should get more local consensus for a big project like including the entirety of the scope of Wikinews here. Again, I support it personally. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 21:55, 13 May 2026 (UTC)
::::::::ok lets begin. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BigKrow|contribs]]) 22:15, 13 May 2026 (UTC)

== Proposal to rehost Wikinews here ==

As many of you know, and mentioned here at the Colloquium, our sister project Wikinews recently closed, with all 31 active editions made read-only. [[User:BigKrow]] has asked about the prospect of writing news stories here and I suggested that since we already have [[School:Journalism]] and some resources related to the [[:Category:Journalism|broader topic of journalism]]. I would like to propose that we have continued and indefinite space for {{w|citizen journalism}} by essentially repurposing Wikinews into a sub-project here. The only special infrastructure that Wikinews required was [[:mw:Extension:DynamicPageList]], which was deactivated and caused issues due to a lack of maintenance.

I will add this proposal to the site banner, but I recognize that that may be a conflict of interest, so if anyone requests that I remove it, I will. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 05:30, 14 May 2026 (UTC)
:I would like to see this conversation go for at least 30 days to establish a consensus. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 05:35, 14 May 2026 (UTC)

===Votes===
*{{support}} as proposer (with BK's inspiration). I think that an ongoing experiment in citizen journalism is a fit and appropriate use of this site. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 05:35, 14 May 2026 (UTC)
*{{support}}, hope to seeing ideas about this, and thank you @[[User:Koavf|Koavf]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BigKrow|contribs]]) 11:08, 14 May 2026 (UTC)
*{{support}} Other than perhaps inflating the total number of pages reported, I see the idea of &quot;practicing journalism&quot; a worthy and relevant activity within the domain of Wikiversity. [[User:IanVG|IanVG]] ([[User talk:IanVG|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/IanVG|contribs]]) 21:41, 14 May 2026 (UTC)
*{{support}} Conditional on development of (a) community guidelines that ensure alignment with Wikiversity's purpose, and (b) clear, nested page-naming structures for projects. More detail below. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:48, 15 May 2026 (UTC)
*{{contra}} This proposal doesn't seem interested in expanding educational materials in journalism, but rather in providing space and protection for Wikinews contributors. But this is contrary to the goals of Wikiversity, and I'm not sure it's a good idea, even with regard to WMF. If WMF decides to close a project and another community lets it run on its domain, that's a bit of an undermining of WMF's and the community's decisions. Given that Wikiversity has had several conflicts with other communities and WMF in its history, I'm against it.--[[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 18:59, 15 May 2026 (UTC)

===Comments and questions===
:Definitely worthy of discussion, so I have no problem with the proposal in the sitenotice.
:Initial questions:
:* Does this proposal include importing English Wikinews content e.g., to [[Wikinews]] subpages?
:* What are &quot;active editions&quot;?
:* How can Wikiversity navigate the concerns that lead to the closure of Wikinews?
:* Are any changes to the scope of Wikinews proposed?
:* How does [[Wikinews]] fit with the [[Wikiversity:Mission]]? What aligns well? Where might there be tension?
:** e.g., I'm not sure that a page like [[Story/Manchester City moves two points behind Arsenal]] in and of itself will serve as an educational resource.
:-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 05:52, 14 May 2026 (UTC)
:* Does this proposal include importing English Wikinews content e.g., to [[Wikinews]] subpages?
::*No, not at this time.
:* What are &quot;active editions&quot;?
::*There were 30 other active editions of Wikinews in addition to English (e.g. [[:n:es:]]) at the time of universal closure (2026-05-04).
:* How can Wikiversity navigate the concerns that lead to the closure of Wikinews?
::*One of the biggest issues was the problems with DPL, which is now irrelevant. Another was the lack of activity, which can be ameliorated by having it be part of an existing project instead of its own domain (e.g. some editions of Wikipedia host their own Wikinews already and those projects were not impacted by the closure).
:* Are any changes to the scope of Wikinews proposed?
::*Not at this juncture. I would also propose as far as implemention goes that we would request a new namespace and that the material be more-or-less sequestered into its own ongoing project, like Wikijournal is or like the Cookbook and Wikijunior are at our sister [[:b:]].
:* How does [[Wikinews]] fit with the [[Wikiversity:Mission]]? What aligns well? Where might there be tension?
:** e.g., I'm not sure that a page like [[Story/Manchester City moves two points behind Arsenal]] in and of itself will serve as an educational resource.
::*The process of citizen journalists practicing their craft in real-time and collaborating with others to do so is itself an education activity. We would essentially be hosting a real-time experiment in citizen journalism, online communities, and collaborative learning in addition to the prospect of spreading educational information from someone actually reading the news. I would propose that we could also make a more deliberate attempt to engage with learning &lt;em&gt;about&lt;/em&gt; what does and doesn't work with collaborative news writing by experimentation (e.g. audio news, syndicating to other sites, incorporating freely-licensed news from other sources, writing hyper-local news, writing briefs versus longer-term reportage) and also seeing if the problems noted in the Task Force report that recommended closure can be overcome. Note that we have already done some local investigation about and learning about wiki-based journalism on Wikinews here at [[Journalism studies and Wikinews]]. We could continue that learning and refine the process, including incorporating journalism students from universities. As for tensions, Wikinews is the only sister project that must be done with a quick turn-around: if you take a long time to [[:s:|transcribe a book]], that's just how long it takes, but if you take a long time to write news, it ceases to be news entirely. Wikiversity has been a very slow-growing project that has definitely had some successes but has generally come together over a long period with most learning resources being individual passion projects (or sometimes, frankly, crankery) which would not work with collaborative news that requires more than just a single editor writing whatever he feels like.
::Please let me know any other questions/concerns and any other editors feel free to give your own perspective. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 06:13, 14 May 2026 (UTC)
:::Thanks, Justin — it is food for thought.
:::In attempting to understand how we've arrived here, I've summarised some of the background on this page: [[Wikinews]].
:::Perhaps it could be helpful to flesh out more of the vision / ideas / possibilities / challenges on that page? -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:49, 14 May 2026 (UTC)

:::*Having given it some thought, in principle, I support hosting [[citizen journalism]] on Wikiversity where it is clearly connected to a learning project and/or constitutes original research, both of which align strongly with [[Wikiversity:Mission|Wikiversity’s educational mission]].
:::*My chief concern is the potential for news content that is not clearly linked to the purpose of Wikiversity. To avoid this, some community-agreed guidelines would be prudent. These need not be overly restrictive; they should support boldness and experimentation while helping ensure alignment with Wikiversity's purpose.
:::*Given the reported low and declining activity on Wikinews, it seems unlikely that English Wikiversity would be overwhelmed by an influx of news-related editing. My impression is that English Wikinews was the most active edition, but even so, many contributors are likely to disperse to other projects or cease editing altogether. A modest migration of interested editors to Wikiversity seems manageable.
:::*At this stage, I do not think a dedicated namespace is necessary. Subpages under [[Wikinews]] or nested pages under relevant learning or research projects, or user-space draft pages should be suitable. I agree that [[Wikijournal]] offers a useful model, as do several existing course structures on Wikiversity.
:::*I support [[User:Koavf]]’s suggestions about framing Wikinews activity explicitly around learning. This would create a distinctive space for experimenting with collaborative news production in ways that are pedagogically meaningful. I agree that the [[journalism studies and Wikinews]] project developed by David and Leigh Blackall through the University of Wollongong is an excellent example of the intersection between Wikiversity and Wikinews. The [[Wikinews]] page could evolve into a hub for such projects.
:::*I've tidied the [[:Category:Wikinews|Wikinews category]] and merged some content into the [[Wikinews]] page. As part of a reinvigoration effort, please review these and related resources such as [[:Category:Journalism]] and [[School:Journalism]].
:::*A further argument in favour of this initiative is that Wikipedia explicitly excludes both news reporting and original research. So, there is value in maintaining spaces within the Wikimedia ecosystem where these forms of knowledge production can be openly developed and curated. Such work can, in turn, generate valuable evidence and source material that may later inform Wikipedia articles.
:::*The closure of WMF-hosted Wikinews does not imply that open wiki-based news curation lacks value. Indeed, the closure documentation appears supportive of experimentation with alternative news models across Wikimedia projects, including through Wikipedia and Wikidata. In that context, Wikiversity seems a natural home for a Wikinews experiment, provided it is clearly grounded in learning and/or research.
:::-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:39, 15 May 2026 (UTC)
My understanding towards Wikinews' failure is that everything takes too long to be approved for the publish status, which means that any breaking news would have already become days-old stale news. Wikinews has a brand recognition (for right or wrong reasons) than Wikiversity and I wonder how effective Wikiversity can attract the &quot;Wikinews refugees&quot; to edit here. And just a quick note on the governance. Since each Wikiversity language operates independently, each language has to vote &amp; adopt this proposal independently. [[User:OhanaUnited|&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0000FF;&quot;&gt;OhanaUnited&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;]][[User talk:OhanaUnited|&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;Talk page&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;]] 13:47, 15 May 2026 (UTC)

:Your assessment about Wikinews is partially correct. I referenced it earlier, but to be explicit, there is a [[:m:Proposal for Closing Wikinews|report by a task force on sister projects]] that outlines their concerns. There are a few, one of which was the nature of the staleness of news. Thanks also for clarifying that this proposal is only relevant to en.wv and is not binding or even proposed for other editions of Wikiversity. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 18:54, 15 May 2026 (UTC)

== Inactivity policy for Curators ==

I was wondering if there is a specific inactivity polity for curators (semi-admins) as I am pretty sure the global policy does not apply to them as they are not ''fully'' sysops. [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 03:20, 15 February 2026 (UTC)

:Unfortunately, I don't see an inactivity policy, but if we were to create such a new policy for curators, it should be the same for custodians (administrators). [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 18:45, 15 February 2026 (UTC)
::@[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] There is currently none, that I could find, for custodians either. [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 00:47, 17 February 2026 (UTC)
:::I think we should propose a local inactivity policy for custodians (and by extension, curators), which should be at least one year without any edits ''and'' logged actions. However, I don't know which page should it be when the inactivity removal procedure starts. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 00:53, 17 February 2026 (UTC)
::::@[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] In theory, there should be a section added at [[WV:Candidates for custodianship]] [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 00:55, 17 February 2026 (UTC)
::::: To be consistent with the [[meta:Admin activity review|global period of 2 years inactivity]] for en.wv  [[Wikiversity:Custodianship#Notes|Custodians]] and [[Wikiversity:Bureaucratship#How are bureaucrats removed?|Bureaucrats]] we could add something like this to [[Wikiversity:Curators]]:
::::::The maximum time period of inactivity &lt;u&gt;without community review&lt;/u&gt; for curators is two years (consistent with  the [[:meta:Category:Global policies|global policy]] described at [[meta:Admin activity review|Admin activity review]] which applies for [[Wikiversity:Custodianship#Notes|Custodians]] and [[Wikiversity:Bureaucratship|Bureaucrats]]). After that time a custodian will remove the rights.
::::: -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 10:51, 27 March 2026 (UTC)
:::::Yup, I agree with Jtneill, there is a policy proposal for Wikiversity:Curators, where it should be logically deployed. The question is if we are ready to aprove the policy. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 17:43, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
:::::: I agree, but we should notify the colloquium about inactive curators, just like a steward would do for inactive custodians and bureaucrats per [[:m:Admin activity review|AAR]]. What is the minimum timeframe an inactive curator should receive so they can respond they would keep their rights? [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 17:49, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
:I incorporated these suggestions into the proposed curators policy. Please review/comment/improve. Summary: 2 years, notify curator's user page, then remove rights after 1 month: [[Wikiversity:Curators#Inactivity]]. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 08:59, 24 April 2026 (UTC)
:: @[[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] I created [[Template:Inactive curator]] for this. Feel free to make any changes or improvements. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 14:29, 24 April 2026 (UTC)
:::Wondering, should we also have:
:::* {{tl|Inactive custodian}}
:::* {{tl|Inactive bureaucrat}}
:::or perhaps just a single template with a parameter(s) for the user right(s)/role(s)? e.g., 
:::* if a custodian is inactive for 2 years, then custodian and curator rights are to be removed and 
:::* if a bureaucrat is inactive for 2 years, then bureaucrat, custodian, and curator rights are to to be removed.
:::-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 09:58, 13 May 2026 (UTC)
:::: I would probably modify that template when we actually develop our own inactivity policy, because we're currently under the AAR (a steward notifies the colloquium with [[m:Admin activity review/Notice to communities]], and inactive advanced right holders with [[m:Admin activity review/Notice to inactive right holders]]). [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:16, 13 May 2026 (UTC)
:::::Ah, I see. Yes, that makes sense. Thankyou. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 04:21, 15 May 2026 (UTC)
: In that case, should we develop our own inactivity policy (e.g. on [[Wikiversity:Inactivity policy]] or [[Wikiversity:Support staff/Inactivity]])? I would list the general inactivity part, the process, etc. Once it's approved as a policy, I will [[m:Stewards' noticeboard|notify the stewards]]. Thoughts? [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:30, 16 May 2026 (UTC)
::Originally, I would have thought that, for a small wiki like en.wv, it made sense to leave inactivity monitoring to the stewards. However, with the creation of the curator user group, we have already taken on local responsibility for monitoring inactivity in at least one advanced-rights group. Extending this to custodians and bureaucrats would not add much additional overhead and would provide a more consistent and transparent local administrative process.
::One option would be to develop a single, centralised policy covering all advanced-rights groups.
::An alternative would be to include an ==Inactivity== section on each relevant policy page (e.g., we already have [[Wikiversity:Curatorship#Inactivity]], but not yet in the custodianship, and bureaucratship policy pages). This approach would allow some flexibility because different user groups may warrant different criteria (such as inactivity thresholds, qualifying activity, or review procedures).
::A hybrid approach may be best: maintain separate inactivity sections within each user-group policy page, while transcluding these into a central overview page such as Codename Noreste suggests. This would preserve clarity at the local policy level while also providing a single reference point for consistency and oversight. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 23:09, 16 May 2026 (UTC)
::: I would suggest we develop a centralized inactivity policy page, and include a short summarized section of that page, on the support staff user group pages. We must also include a link to that policy page if we were to add &lt;nowiki&gt;== Inactivity ==&lt;/nowiki&gt; to each of those user group pages. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:48, 17 May 2026 (UTC)

== Inactive curators ==

Hello, even though [[Wikiversity:Curators]] is not a policy yet, there are curators listed here that have been inactive for two years or more:
* {{user|Cody naccarato}} (last edit on 13 Dec 2022, last logged action on 10 Dec 2022)
* {{user|Praxidicae}} (last edit on 10 Sep 2022, last logged action on 12 Sep 2022)
[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 21:14, 19 April 2026 (UTC)

:Yup, I would remove the rights. To get the rights back if theyll come back should not be a big deal. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 20:08, 24 April 2026 (UTC)
:: When they don't reply by May 19, feel free (or any custodian) to do so. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 00:28, 25 April 2026 (UTC)

==Curator inactivity review==
These curators haven't been active for &gt; 2 years. As per the [[Wikiversity:Curatorship|curatorship policy]]:
* [[Special:Log/Cody naccarato]] was notified on their talk page by [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] on 24 Apr 2026
* [[Special:Log/Praxidicae]] was notified on their talk page by [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] on 24 Apr 2026
* [[Special:Log/Tegel]] was notified on their talk page by [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] notified their talk page on 16 May 2026

The policy allows a month to hear from these users. If no response, a custodian will remove their curator rights.

-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 06:14, 16 May 2026 (UTC)
: For Cody naccarato and Praxidicae, their rights are to be removed by the 19th of May if they don't respond either here or on their talk page. For Tegel, the removal will happen on the 16th of June, probably. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:13, 16 May 2026 (UTC)
::Should be 24 May for Cody naccarato and Praxidicae? -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 23:11, 16 May 2026 (UTC)
::: I made [[#Inactive curators]] on the 19th of April. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 03:18, 17 May 2026 (UTC)
::::OK, I see (had missed that thread, sorry - I've now moved the the 3 inactivity topics to be adjacent).
::::I'm thinking the curator policy indicates one month from user talk page notification? -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 06:44, 17 May 2026 (UTC)
::::: Yes. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:49, 17 May 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>fjp8fgzc8hov3rbwla16b0ip56sr6g9</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2809954</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-17T22:08:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
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      <comment>/* Wikiversity:Bureaucratship to become a policy */ Closing as approved</comment>
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      <text bytes="82672" sha1="roaco7qvib7lvkneh3t8jf6yfqnj5eu" xml:space="preserve">{{Wikiversity:Colloquium/Header}}
&lt;!-- MESSAGES GO BELOW --&gt;
== New titles for user right nominations ==
&lt;div class=&quot;cd-moveMark&quot;&gt;''Moved from [[Wikiversity talk:Candidates for Custodianship#New titles for user right nominations]].  [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 23:20, 17 April 2026 (UTC)''&lt;/div&gt;

I would like to propose the following retitles should a user be nominated for any of the following user rights:
* Curator: Candidates for Curatorship
* Bureaucrat: Candidates for Bureaucratship
The reason is that many curator (and probably bureaucrat) requests have run solely under {{tq|Candidates for Custodianship}}, but that title might sound misleading (especially in regards to the permission a user is requesting). CheckUser and Oversight (suppressor) are not included above since no user was nominated for these sensitive permissions, probably. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 01:30, 19 March 2026 (UTC)

:And it's not that when someone at the beginning misplaced the request, no one thought to move it and the others copied it. Even today, it would be possible to simply take it all and move it. Otherwise, for me, the more fundamental problem is that there is [[Wikiversity:Curators|no approved policy for curators]] than where the requests are based. Curators then operate in a certain vacuum and if one of them &quot;breaks out of the chain&quot;, the average user doesn't have many transparent tools to deal with it, because there is no policy. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 07:02, 19 March 2026 (UTC)
::I am not talking about the curator page (policy proposal). [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 19:08, 21 March 2026 (UTC)
: @[[User:Juandev|Juandev]] I'll see if I can do an overhaul of [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Custodianship]], just like I recently did with the Requests for adminship page on English Wikiquote. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 22:17, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
:Yes, great idea - ideally there will be separate &quot;Candidates for ...&quot; pages for each user right group. The most important for now is to separate curator and custodian pages as CN suggests. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:39, 1 May 2026 (UTC)
:So maybe I previously misunderstood. Are you proposing separated pages for nominations (i.e. [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Curatorship]], [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Bureaucratship]], [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Custodianship]])? [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 12:30, 5 May 2026 (UTC)
:: Yes. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 13:33, 5 May 2026 (UTC)
:::I see, then I am fine with that @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]. Sorry for misunderstanding. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 18:35, 9 May 2026 (UTC)

I've split the user rights nomination pages into:
* [[Wikiversity:Candidates for CheckUser]]
* [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Curatorship]]
* [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Custodianship]]
* [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Bureaucratship]]

Please review. There are likely several links to update, text to adjust, categories to manage, short-cuts to fix etc. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 04:22, 10 May 2026 (UTC)

:Thanks, great job @[[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]]. I am wondering if we need to move archived nominations too, or if we are OK with the actual state. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 08:08, 10 May 2026 (UTC)
::Yes, I think that would be helpful. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 10:46, 10 May 2026 (UTC)
:::I can do it @[[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]], I am just looking what system is there. I can see [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Custodianship/Archive of nominations for full custodianship]] which is a good complementary overview to the subpages with full history. The name of the pages is probably stably, but I would consider to create more specific redirect like [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Custodianship/Overview of staff nominations]], which would link to the above one. Then there is a [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Custodianship/Archived]], which are probably incomplete nominations, right? [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 08:37, 11 May 2026 (UTC)
::::Tx @[[User:Juandev|Juandev]]. Yes, this makes sense. And maybe we move:
::::* archived '''curator''' nominations from [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Custodianship/Archive of nominations for full custodianship]] to e.g., [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Curatorship/Archive of nominations]]
::::* archived '''bureaucrat''' nominations from [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Custodianship/Archive of nominations for full custodianship ]] to e.g., [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Bureaucratship/Archive of nominations]]
::::-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 10:12, 11 May 2026 (UTC)
:::::OK. That sounds good. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 07:25, 12 May 2026 (UTC)
:An svg icon for [[Wikiversity:Curatorship|curators]] would also be helpful. We have them for other user rights: [[c:Category:Wikiversity user rights icons]] -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 10:54, 10 May 2026 (UTC)
::Done: [[Wikiversity:Curators]] -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 01:44, 11 May 2026 (UTC)

== Technical Request:  Courtesy link.. ==

[[Template_talk:Information#Background_must_have_color_defined_as_well]] [[User:ShakespeareFan00|ShakespeareFan00]] ([[User talk:ShakespeareFan00|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ShakespeareFan00|contribs]]) 11:43, 20 March 2026 (UTC)
: I can't edit the template directly as it need an sysop/interface admin to do it. [[User:ShakespeareFan00|ShakespeareFan00]] ([[User talk:ShakespeareFan00|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ShakespeareFan00|contribs]]) 11:43, 20 March 2026 (UTC)
:: Also if the Template field of - https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:LintErrors/night-mode-unaware-background-color is examined, there is poential for an admin to clear a substantial proportion of these by implmenting a simmilar fix to the indciated templates (and underlying stylesheets). It would be nice to clear things like Project box and others, as many other templates (and thus pages depend on them.) :)
[[User:ShakespeareFan00|ShakespeareFan00]] ([[User talk:ShakespeareFan00|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ShakespeareFan00|contribs]]) 11:43, 20 March 2026 (UTC)

:I think it would be best to grant you interface admin rights for a short period of time to make these changes. However, I still have doubts about the suitability of this solution, which may cause other problems and no one has explained to me why dark mode has to be implemented this way @[[User:ShakespeareFan00|ShakespeareFan00]]. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 20:43, 20 March 2026 (UTC)

: I would have reservations about holding such rights, which is why I was trying to do what I could without needing them. However if it is the only way to get the required changes made, I would suggest asking on Wikipedia to find technical editors, willing to undertake the changes needed. [[User:ShakespeareFan00|ShakespeareFan00]] ([[User talk:ShakespeareFan00|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ShakespeareFan00|contribs]]) 09:32, 21 March 2026 (UTC)

== WikiEducator has closed ==

Some of you may know of a similar project to Wikiversity, called [https://wikieducator.org/Main_Page WikiEducator], championed by [https://oerfoundation.org/about/staff/wayne-mackintosh/ Wayne Mackintosh][https://www.linkedin.com/posts/waynemackintosh_important-notice-about-the-oer-foundation-activity-7405113051688931329-Nhm9/][https://openeducation.nz/killed-not-starved/].

It seems [https://openeducation.nz/terminating-oer-foundation their foundation has closed] and they are no longer operating.

They had done quite a bit of outreach (e.g., in the Pacific and Africa) to get educators using wiki.

The WikiEducator content is still available in MediaWiki - and potentially could be imported to Wikiversity ([https://wikieducator.org/WikiEducator:Copyrights CC-BY-SA] is the default license).

The closing of WikiEducator arguably makes the nurturing of Wikiversity even more important.

-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 02:09, 1 April 2026 (UTC)

:I was never active there. If anyone has an account or is otherwise in contact, we may want to copy relevant information here or even at [[:outreach:]]. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 04:46, 1 April 2026 (UTC)

:: I reached out to [[User:Mackiwg~enwikiversity|Wayne]] in January, and he responded briefly but positively (while travelling).  I wrote to the low-traffic wikieducator mailing list today and got a nice [https://groups.google.com/g/wikieducator/c/r_yIyUw6ZIA reply] from [[user:SteveFoerster|Steve Foerster]] who's interested in helping. If we can figure out a migration path it would be great to adopt at least the main namespace pages here.  
:: A few questions that come to mind: 
:: - would people want to create matching user accounts
:: - are there any namespaces (user/talk?) that should not be moved over
:: We could look at how this was done for the [[m:Wikivoyage/Migration]] wikivoyage migration. &lt;span style=&quot;padding:0 2px 0 2px;background-color:white;color:#bbb;&quot;&gt;&amp;ndash;[[User:Sj|SJ]][[User Talk:Sj|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#ff9900;&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/span&gt; 04:27, 1 May 2026 (UTC)
:::That's fantastic, SJ, that you've reached out and that Wayne, Steve, and Jim are receptive—and that you can help! -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:52, 1 May 2026 (UTC)
::::A matching accound makes sense to give credits to the original authors and keep a clean chain of versions. The initial commit into wikiversity could have a &quot;marker with timestamp&quot; similar to signature with a reference where the content's source or a Web archive. This would allow authors to continue there work on wikiversity if they wish. [[User:Bert Niehaus|Bert Niehaus]] ([[User talk:Bert Niehaus|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Bert Niehaus|contribs]]) 06:30, 15 May 2026 (UTC)

== Wikinews is ending ==

Apparently mainly due to low editorial activity, low public interest, but also failure to achieve the goals from the proposal for the creation of the project, the Wikinews project is ending after years of discussions ([[Meta:Proposal for Closing Wikinews|some reading]]).

And I would be interested to see how Wikiversity is doing in the monitored metrics. We probably have more editors than Wikinews had, but what about consumers and achieving the goals? [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 19:14, 1 April 2026 (UTC)

:Wikiversity's biggest issue in recent times was the hosting of low-quality, trash content. Thankfully we've done a great job in removing pseudoscience and other embarrassingly trash content (Wikidebates, for example), but the biggest concern moving forward is proper maintenance IMO. I've caught several pseudoscience pages being created within the last few months that could easily have flown under the radar (ex, [[The Kelemen Dilemma: Causal Collapse and Axiomatic Instability]]), so I'd urge our custodians/curators to be on the lookout for this type of content. Usually an AI-overview can point this type of content out relatively well.
:In terms of visibility, I believe Wikiversity is a high-traffic project. I remember my [[Mathematical Properties]] showing up on the first page of Google when searching up &quot;math properties&quot; for the longest time (and is still showing up in the first page 'till this day!). Besides, Wikinews hosted a lot of short-term content (the nature of news articles), while Wikiversity hosts content that can still be useful a decade later (ex, [[A Reader's Guide to Annotation]]). 
:I think we are on a better path than we were a few months ago, and I do want to thank everyone here who has been helping out with maintaining our website! —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 20:48, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
:For what it's worth, the group that did that study has since disbanded, so no one is monitoring the other sister projects in the same way. Additionally, Wikinews had some catastrophic server issues due to the maintenance of [[:m:Extension:DynamicPageList]] which don't apply here. Your questions are still worth addressing, but I just wanted to cut off any concern at the pass about Wikiversity being in the same precarious situation. Wikiversity is definitely the biggest &quot;lagging behind&quot; or &quot;failure&quot; project now that Wikinews is being shuttered, but I don't see any near- or medium-term pathway to closing Wikiversity. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 00:46, 2 April 2026 (UTC)

:[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/News and notes|Entirety of Wikinews to be shut down]] (Wikipedia Signpost) -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 02:03, 11 April 2026 (UTC)

== Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) ==

Hello everyone,

This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as &lt;code&gt;Module:Itemgroup/list&lt;/code&gt;).

'''The Change:'''&lt;br /&gt;
Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. 

We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''.

'''What You Need To Do:'''&lt;br /&gt;
To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search.

'''Deadline:'''&lt;br /&gt;
We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles.

Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 17:11, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&amp;oldid=29941252 --&gt;
:I didnt find such properties, so we are probably fine. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 21:00, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
:: +1 (agreed). [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 22:19, 12 April 2026 (UTC)

== Enable the abuse filter block action? ==

In light of [[Special:AbuseLog/80178]] (coupon spam), I would like to propose enabling the block action for the abuse filter. Only custodians will be able to enable and disable that action on an abuse filter, and it is useful to block ongoing vandalism. Thoughts? [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 19:12, 13 April 2026 (UTC)

:Seems like a good idea, almost all of the users which create such pages are spambots so this shouldn’t be a problem. [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 23:41, 13 April 2026 (UTC)
:Can you explain some more (I am new to abuse filters)? It looks like the attempted edit was prevented? Which abuse filter?
:Note on your suggestion, have also reactivated Antispam Filter 12 - see [[WV:RCA]]. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 10:45, 15 April 2026 (UTC)
:: I am proposing that we activate the abuse filter block action, which if a user triggers an abuse filter, it would actually block the user in question - the same mechanism that a custodian would use to block users. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 13:11, 15 April 2026 (UTC)
:::OK, thankyou, that makes sense. And, reviewing the abuse filter 12 log, it would be helpful because it would prevent the need for manual blocking. But I don't see a setting for autoblocking? -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 23:14, 15 April 2026 (UTC)
:::: I think it probably adds an autoblock. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 00:43, 16 April 2026 (UTC)
: [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] and [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]], given that a little bit more than a week has passed and there is minimal consensus to activate the abuse filter block action, I filed [[phab:T424053]]. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:05, 21 April 2026 (UTC)
::Thank-you for doing this. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 08:03, 24 April 2026 (UTC)

== Advice needed: A Neurodiversity-inspired Idea/observation ==

If I want the greatest participation of others to &quot;provide constructive criticism to my idea&quot; or to &quot;shoot down my idea&quot; or &quot;idea&quot;.

What I've called it so far is &quot;The Neurodiversity-inspired Idea&quot;. At other times I used more sensationalist wording but here on Wikiversity I don't dare do that. I actually woke up with thinking about putting this into my userspace draft: &quot;Personal Observations Made By Meeting Autistic and Non-Autistic Adults&quot;.

My ultimate goal is to stop blathering about my &quot;idea&quot; to friend and family without feeling my &quot;methodology&quot; is going into any progressive direction whatsoever. My latest encounter was somewhat constructive though. A friend of a friend who worked with people presenting ideas in attempting to getting grants. I don't want a grant. I just want to figure out how I can express my &quot;idea&quot; in a way so that I can more clearly figure out what flaws it got.

At the same time I tend to overthink. If anyone thinks etherpad might be a good place and considering Wikimedia already got an etherpad at https://etherpad.wikimedia.org/ if anyone feels like they know me better in the future feel free to suggest a &quot;session&quot; on etherpad.

'''If I don't receive a reply to this in 1 week's time I will begin to explore this &quot;idea&quot; into my userspace''' unless you replied and refrained me from doing so, of course. Then maybe after &quot;developing it there&quot; I might reference it to you another future time here in the Colloquium, with my &quot;idea&quot; still in my userspace draft. This &quot;idea&quot; is sort of a burden, I'm happy I've made the choice to get rid of it and hopefully move on with my life, unless there is something to this &quot;idea&quot;. 

My failure is probably evident: I feel I haven't told you anything. Same happened to when I talked to friends and family. In danger of overthinking it further I'll publish this right now. I need to &quot;keep it together&quot; [[User:ThinkingScience|ThinkingScience]] ([[User talk:ThinkingScience|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ThinkingScience|contribs]]) 10:36, 16 April 2026 (UTC)

:Good on you putting it out there ... and hitting publish :). I'd say go for it (no need to wait), give birth to your idea and share about it here and elsewhere. Let it take shape and see where it might go. In many ways, this is exactly what an open collaborative learning community should be doing. Others might not know well how to respond, so perhaps consider creating some questions to accompany the idea. Sincerely, James -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:21, 16 April 2026 (UTC)
::Thank you for encouraging me in developing the idea.
::I have created a &quot;questions&quot; section in the draft which is visible in the table of contents now. My brain was &quot;frozen&quot; today metaphorically speaking in that I felt I had like a &quot;writer's block&quot; so the draft has more &quot;AI/LLM&quot; content than before. I used the LLM for generating questions. The answers are so far human-only.
::I've also created a subsection where I could add the prompts that made the LLM generate the questions. That could help people make better prompts perhaps. I've described what it is about inside of it and there are some chaotically written notes.
::[[Draft:The_Neurodiversity-inspired_Idea#Questions_that_might_encourage_the_development_of_this_idea_and_its_methodology]]
::My draft is missing stuff. Any questions that you contribute to my draft will probably help me and if I don't understand the questions I'll probably notify you and also at the same time &quot;feed them&quot; to an LLM and ask in my input like &quot;explain in simple words what this question means, what is it searching for?&quot; etc. while I wait for an answer. If you have any more feedback please give it to me here or on the Draft page, its talk page or my user talk page. Thank you for helping me! [[User:ThinkingScience|ThinkingScience]] ([[User talk:ThinkingScience|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ThinkingScience|contribs]]) 21:20, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
::Today I woke up with not only thinking about supplying questions along with the &quot;idea&quot; but also answers. ie. Is it possible to &quot;test&quot; this idea? Is it possible to create one or multiple hypotheses based on this &quot;idea&quot;?(etc.) I've thought about this before in this &quot;idea&quot; but since I'm beginning to add to Wikiversity what was previously 'locked in my mind' it's also easier for me to see what I've done so far. Thank you for this comment! [[User:ThinkingScience|ThinkingScience]] ([[User talk:ThinkingScience|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ThinkingScience|contribs]]) 09:11, 23 April 2026 (UTC)
:May I think that you should not add deadlines ; being read, and rising interest for collaboration, or even simply for exchange of thoughts, such an effective meeting event loads a huge bunch of unprobability, which time can help to… somehow diminish. Maybe, I would advice you having a central place for developping your ideas, your needs, your advances, maybe a page in your own user zone, and from time to time, depending your feeling, it could be every trimester or so, or more frequently, you could write a short account of progress (or even of no progress), or a call for participation, in such a place as this present one ; I think that will increase much exposure of your projet. Maybe also, if you can find a project name, not necessarily very meaningfull by itseilf (at least it will gain signification with time, as your project develops), that will serve as a kind-of hook, and make your announcement titles more visible. Best regards (and my excuses for my poor command of English, which seems to be unplease an anti-abuse filter, &quot;Questionable Language (profanity)&quot;, which I don't understand…). My few cents. --  [[User:Eric.LEWIN|Eric.LEWIN]] ([[User talk:Eric.LEWIN|discussion]] • [[Special:Contributions/Eric.LEWIN|contributions]]) 10:06, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
::Sorry about the false positive on the profanity filter - I've fixed it. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 10:26, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
:::&quot;May I think that you should not add deadlines ; being read, and rising interest for collaboration, or even simply for exchange of thoughts, such an effective meeting event loads a huge bunch of unprobability, which time can help to… somehow diminish.&quot;
::Thank you Eric for this comment. Trust in time is how I interpret it. I should not feel like I need to be in a hurry. I'll try to give this time. Thank you!
:::&quot;Maybe, I would advice you having a central place for developping your ideas, your needs, your advances, maybe a page in your own user zone, and from time to time, depending your feeling, it could be every trimester or so, or more frequently, you could write a short account of progress (or even of no progress), or a call for participation, in such a place as this present one ; I think that will increase much exposure of your projet.&quot;
::A central place for developing or making &quot;project notes&quot; regarding the Neurodiversity idea on my userspace, I might need that, like a diary or &quot;project notes&quot; of the Neurodiversity idea similar to my course notes regarding my experience with Coursera.
::Any actions I take are going to be related to my Userspace from now on but I'll also update the draft when necessary. Now in the beginning I might be working daily to once every 3 days on both the draft and the daily notes I plan to make.
:::&quot;Maybe also, if you can find a project name, not necessarily very meaningfull by itseilf (at least it will gain signification with time, as your project develops), that will serve as a kind-of hook, and make your announcement titles more visible.&quot;
::Thank you for the advice. I was brainstorming yesterday about it. I concluded that since I've not yet developed a methodology that adheres to &quot;Do no harm&quot; and this is my first time working my &quot;idea&quot; into a way that is compatible with how projects develop on English Wikiversity this is new to me. My methodology isn't developed and therefore trying to get attention to my project through a name can wait. Yesterday I figured out a silly title that has nothing to do with the project: &quot;Planetary Awareness Potato Cabbage Rolls&quot; or something like that. Google output read that no such thing exists so I wanted it mainly to be unique. I don't want to raise attention that I'm unsure whether I'll actually be capable of developing a methodology for but project notes is my best bet so far in tracking my progress. Every day I think about this &quot;idea&quot; but I need to improve the important parts.
:::&quot;Best regards (and my excuses for my poor command of English, which seems to be unplease an anti-abuse filter, &quot;Questionable Language (profanity)&quot;, which I don't understand…). My few cents.&quot;
::You added great points and I felt that I was helped by you! I encourage you to post again and I can understand that interacting with any kind of automated filter can be discouraging and can be for me too! Thank you for giving me feedback! [[User:ThinkingScience|ThinkingScience]] ([[User talk:ThinkingScience|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ThinkingScience|contribs]]) 16:01, 18 April 2026 (UTC)

== Add some user rights to the curator user group? ==

By default, only custodians have the ability to mark new pages as patrolled (&lt;code&gt;patrol&lt;/code&gt;) and have their own page creations automatically marked as patrolled (&lt;code&gt;autopatrol&lt;/code&gt;). I am proposing both of the following:
* Curators can mark new pages as patrolled, helping on reducing the backlog of new, unpatrolled pages.
* New pages made by curators will be automatically marked as patrolled by the MediaWiki software.
Before we implement this, I would suggest implementing a proposed guideline for marking new pages as patrolled for curators and custodians.

Thoughts? [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:32, 17 April 2026 (UTC)

:Agree, &lt;s&gt;also can we also allow curators to undelete pages since they already have the rights to delete them?&lt;/s&gt; [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 02:54, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
::I think the requirement that undelete NOT be included came from above (meta / stewards / central office). Having access to the undelete page gives access to information that is restricted by their policies to admins (custodians and bureaucrats). -- [[User:Dave Braunschweig|Dave Braunschweig]] ([[User talk:Dave Braunschweig|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dave Braunschweig|contribs]]) 20:12, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
::: [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]], unless if requests for curator and custodian should be RfA-like processes (that is, including voting and comments), then I have to agree with Dave above. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 22:03, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
::::Oh, I didn’t realise that. Withdrawing my comment.. [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 00:08, 19 April 2026 (UTC)
:{{support}} Seems reasonable and would reduce overhead. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 14:35, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
:'''Agree''', implement it also to [[Wikiversity:Curators]] proposal please. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 17:11, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
: I went ahead and filed [[phab:T424445]]. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:39, 26 April 2026 (UTC)

== [[Wikiversity:Curators|Curators and curators policy]] ==
{{archive top|There is strong consensus, so [[Wikiversity:Curators]] is now a policy. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:15, 9 May 2026 (UTC)}}
How does it come, that Wikiversity has curators, but Curators policy is still being proposed? How do the curators exists and act if the policy about them havent been approved yet? [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 18:33, 16 October 2025 (UTC)

:It looks as if it is not just curators. The policy on Bureaucratship is still being proposed as well. See [[Wikiversity:Bureaucratship]]. —[[User:RailwayEnthusiast2025|&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Verdana; color:#008000; text-shadow:gray 0.2em 0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;RailwayEnthusiast2025&lt;/span&gt;]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:RailwayEnthusiast2025|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#59a53f&quot;&gt;''talk with me!''&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 18:33, 27 October 2025 (UTC)

:I think its just the nature of a small WMF sister project in that there are lots of drafts, gaps, and potential improvements. In this case, these community would need to vote on those proposed Wikiversity staff policies if we think they're ready. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 02:08, 3 December 2025 (UTC)
:What? I thought you were getting it approved, Juandev... :) [[User:I&amp;#39;m Mr. Chris|I&amp;#39;m Mr. Chris]] ([[User talk:I&amp;#39;m Mr. Chris|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/I&amp;#39;m Mr. Chris|contribs]]) 14:20, 12 February 2026 (UTC)
::Yeah I think this one is important too and we need to aprove it too @[[User:I'm Mr. Chris|I'm Mr. Chris]]. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 15:56, 12 February 2026 (UTC)
:::I thinks its ready to made into a policy, it seems to be complete and informative about what the rights does and how to get it. [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 03:08, 15 February 2026 (UTC)
::::Agree -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:00, 27 March 2026 (UTC)

Let's make this the official discussion about adopting the [[Wikiversity:Curators|curators policy]] policy. Your comments are invited and welcome. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 08:40, 24 April 2026 (UTC)
: There were two similar Colloquium threads in separate places about the proposed curators policy. So I've moved them to be adjacent. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 12:42, 1 May 2026 (UTC)
{{archive bottom}}

== Wikiversity:Curators to become a policy ==
{{archive top|There is strong consensus, so [[Wikiversity:Curators]] is now a policy. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:16, 9 May 2026 (UTC)}}
I've looked at the discussions about the Curators policy, I've looked at the practices, and it seems to me that there is no dispute about the wording of the policy, and what's more, the community has been using this proposal as if it were an offical policy for several years. Therefore, I propose that [[Wikiversity:Curators]] become a policy. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 18:35, 18 April 2026 (UTC)

:{{support}} —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 18:54, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
:{{support}} —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 20:21, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
: {{support|Yes, please}}. Especially after when I and PieWriter proposed above, I agree. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 14:27, 24 April 2026 (UTC)
:: @[[User:Juandev|Juandev]]; as of now, curators now have the user rights &lt;code&gt;autopatrol&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;patrol&lt;/code&gt;. Perhaps we should also include that in [[Wikiversity:Custodianship]]? [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 12:07, 30 April 2026 (UTC)
:::You meant [[Wikiversity:Curators]] @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]? [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 12:15, 5 May 2026 (UTC)
:::: I agree that we must develop what rules curators should follow when marking new pages as patrolled; the same can be added for custodians since they can also mark new pages as patrolled. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 13:37, 5 May 2026 (UTC)
:::::I see, well I think you can just add this to the policy. It is not major change and it probably reflects actual practice or actual technical possibilities for those flags. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 09:20, 7 May 2026 (UTC)
:{{support}} -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 12:42, 1 May 2026 (UTC)
:{{Support}} per nom. [[User:PhilDaBirdMan|PhilDaBirdMan]] ([[User talk:PhilDaBirdMan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PhilDaBirdMan|contribs]]) 13:32, 1 May 2026 (UTC)
{{Archive bottom}}

== Is anyone interested in Neurodiversity? ==

Is anyone interested in Neurodiversity? Is there anyone here who is interested for Neurodiversity to be &quot;something more&quot; than it already is? Does anyone here consider Neurodiversity one of the &quot;harder topics&quot; to work on or discuss? Does anyone here have an opinion about the [[Neurodiversity Movement]]? So these questions don't appear like &quot;out of a vacuum&quot; I can tell you a bit about my background:

Many years ago I got a psychiatric diagnosis &quot;Asperger's&quot;. After I stepped out of the office and my Äsperger's was 'concluded', I stepped out into the street and thought my first negative thought(but the positive thought followed after). The thought was about concentration camps in the second world war and that the world seemed to be going into the direction of &quot;labeling others&quot;. I was unsure whether this was &quot;real science&quot; and sort of &quot;challenged myself&quot; to make up my own mind after meeting people that had been given this diagnosis. The more adults with this diagnosis I met the more I started seeing &quot;patterns&quot;.

Was it a coincidence that the first person with Asperger's I met reminded me about my father later after I had plenty of times of experience with interacting with him? None of the people I interacted with online through IRC text chat...I felt I got any clue about how &quot;their brains work&quot;. Only when I met one person from the Asperger's chat community in person we both realized that whatever we experienced was akin to the &quot;chaos theory&quot;. He told me about &quot;chaos theory&quot; while I didn't know even what that term meant but I guess I 'read between the lines'. My question that I linger on still today is &quot;did he understand about me what I think I understood about him?&quot;? That our brains had the same configuration? Most autistic adults who meet other autistic adults usually get disappointed. They think the diagnosis will help them meet somebody like themselves and then they realize the great diversity in the autistic spectrum created by Psychiatry.

I later stopped interacting with autistic communities that much, I felt that it did not benefit me. Also Neurodiversity's &quot;neurotypes&quot; interested me for a while until I realized I had &quot;misunderstood everything&quot; about them and how they are used in the Neurodiversity Movement or &quot;Neurodiversity community&quot; if that even can precisely be defined? I doubt it but if you want to contribute to the [[Neurodiversity Movement]]. My previous attempts failed as I got more and more confused. I think a community project needs a community. With a lack of that I don't think it is worth my time. If any of you would like to work on that project let me know on my talk page.

So I was kinda lost and was talking to my friend and psychologist and I realized if I never talk about my idea to anyone in a &quot;comprehensive way&quot; or show that it matters to me nothing is going to ever happen. So I started talking about my &quot;idea&quot; more. Nobody could understand the &quot;idea&quot; because I had not developed my skills regarding where to start...although the process had already started &quot;automatically&quot; and that's why I often think of &quot;well my brain sort of activated me&quot;. I don't feel like I did have a plan and this idea happened. It happened &quot;by itself&quot;. My brain reacted to what I was seeing in a video or stream.

I value interaction highly in this idea. I think it would be helpful to make a community of people who are not paranoid about stuff that can express itself like &quot;don't analyze me!&quot;, &quot;don't compare me to anyone!&quot;. 

On the contrary, more often than not those adults who were diagnosed were actually openly comparing themselves with each other and I think that is healthy in a &quot;science&quot; way if done the &quot;right way&quot; which probably means &quot;Do no harm&quot;.

I found video material is important but I'm very unsure if uploading own video material to Wikimedia Commons would constitute a &quot;reasonable&quot; use of the resources there. Maybe somebody here needs to ask more questions to me that I should answer before that happens. I also know the '''be bold''' so I could just do what I think might be ok. Though I work better in a group as long as I know what &quot;group configurations&quot; help me. This is in a non-profit way. Since the state supported me this might be a way I am trying to &quot;give back&quot; to the state and &quot;the world&quot;. May seem overly ambitious and crazy but this thing gives me energy. It gives me hope when trying to develop this idea. [[User:ThinkingScience|ThinkingScience]] ([[User talk:ThinkingScience|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ThinkingScience|contribs]]) 10:47, 23 April 2026 (UTC)

:Thanks for sharing. There is plenty of room for neurodiversity community learning. However, the challenge I think is that the intersection of those interested in (a) ND, and (b) English Wikiversity might be very small (e.g., 1!) at this point in time.
:But don't give up hope. For example, Wikipedia has many more ND-interested editors; maybe consider reaching out to see who might be interested:
:[[w:Category:Wikipedians interested in neurodiversity]]
:You could also start an equivalent category here:
:[[:Category:Wikiversitarians interested in neurodiversity]] -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 04:46, 6 May 2026 (UTC)

== Request for comment (global AI policy) ==

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 00:58, 26 April 2026 (UTC)&lt;/bdi&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=30424282 --&gt;

== Language learning  ==

toki! I am trying to add or see what the toki pona language learning stuff on here is but I don't see anything that is language learning for anything. [[User:Jan Imon|Jan Imon]] ([[User talk:Jan Imon|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jan Imon|contribs]]) 23:13, 2 May 2026 (UTC) —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 17:29, 3 May 2026 (UTC)

:We have language materials ([[:Category:Languages]], [[World Languages]], [[Portal:Foreign Language Learning]], [[Portal:Multilingual Studies]]). They are not as developed as I think we would all like and there's not any coverage of Toki Pona, but in principle, we could and would like that. You can also see [[:b:Subject:Languages]] at our sister project Wikibooks. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 17:33, 3 May 2026 (UTC)

== Timeline format? ==

I’ve been working on the World War II articles, including the [[World War II/Timeline|timeline]], and is there a specific timeline format that should be used? Right now it’s just a table, and there’s no separation between different periods/phases of the war.

I don’t want to use [[mw:Extension:EasyTimeline]] because this will be displaying dates and not time periods. [[User:PhilDaBirdMan|PhilDaBirdMan]] ([[User talk:PhilDaBirdMan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PhilDaBirdMan|contribs]]) 01:35, 4 May 2026 (UTC)

:I dont think we have a policy or guideline, how to format a timeline. But you may try to browes wikiversity by Google if someone was dealing with this in the past somewhow @[[User:PhilDaBirdMan|PhilDaBirdMan]]. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 12:23, 5 May 2026 (UTC)
::+1 - there's no specific guideline on how to format a timeline, it's really up to you. In my opinion I think the timeline is good. I'd personally bold the dates just to make it easier to separate it from the event description, but that's my personal 2 cents. —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 14:18, 5 May 2026 (UTC)
:::I’ll probably remove links to the dates/years, they’re just Wikipedia pages that shouldn’t be over linked to. [[User:PhilDaBirdMan|PhilDaBirdMan]] ([[User talk:PhilDaBirdMan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PhilDaBirdMan|contribs]]) 00:39, 6 May 2026 (UTC)

== Interface administrator for Codename Noreste ==
{{Archive top|After running for a week, there is clear consensus for [[User:Codename Noreste]] to have Interface admin rights for 120 days; implemented until 10 September, 2026 -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 22:36, 12 May 2026 (UTC)}}

Hello, everyone. I am requesting interface administrator access on this wiki.

The main reasoning is that I would benefit from having the user right &lt;code&gt;editinterface&lt;/code&gt;, which would allow me to make dark mode changes to pages in the MediaWiki namespace, add &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;mw-parser-output&quot;&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; to some interface pages using templates, handle interface-protected edit requests, and similar stuff. Additionally, I have some knowledge of CSS, and I would like to assist with modifying CSS pages whenever necessary, such as moving MediaWiki common.css code to TemplateStyles CSS pages.

I am requesting the maximum time that is allowed per the [[Wikiversity:Interface administrators|policy]], and I have 2FA enabled on my account. Thank you. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 00:55, 6 May 2026 (UTC)

*{{support}} Globally trusted user. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 01:07, 6 May 2026 (UTC)
*{{support}} Trusted and knowledgeable. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 04:35, 6 May 2026 (UTC)
*{{support}} WV would benefit from this. —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 08:32, 6 May 2026 (UTC)
*{{support}} --[[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 09:13, 7 May 2026 (UTC)

:{{Comment}} Could @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] delete [[MediaWiki:Gadget-WikiSign.js]], which was requested to be deleted @[[User:Koavf|Justin]], @[[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]], @[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]]? I dont think we need it. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 07:40, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
::Yes - clearly no longer used -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 10:18, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
::: I can't delete it because I don't have the required permissions to do so.
::: On a side note, if this project has a need for permanent interface administrators, I would suggest that we have a minimum of two IAs, similar to how there must be two CUs and/or suppressors (or none). Maybe Koavf can be a good candidate if I am elected for permanent interface adminship, and I believe that permission shouldn't be removed from someone's own account. Instead, a bureaucrat should do it. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 13:20, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
::::I am willing and happy to do it, unfortunately, we do not have an appetite for indef IAs and just had a discussion that resulted in a [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity:Interface_administrators&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=2807543 consensus that we can have IAs that have the user rights for 14 to 120 days]. So once you have the rights, please make sure to gopher it. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 17:54, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
:::::@[[User:Koavf|Koavf]] give it time. Look at me, I was in favor of shorter time, now I am looking back to times, when custodians could do it without the need of extra flag. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 18:31, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
::::::Here's hoping. I think it would reduce administrative overhead, but that's just me and I'm not a bureaucrat here. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 18:33, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
::::Complicated. Where are the times, admins could do everything! [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 18:27, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
{{archive bottom}}

== [[Wikiversity:Bureaucratship]] to become a policy ==
{{archive top|'''Approved - now a policy'''. 5 supports + 1 nominator. No objections.}}
Following the recent approval of [[Wikiversity:Curators]] as a policy, I think [[Wikiversity:Bureaucratship]] may also be ready for policy status.

Please share your views about whether bureaucratship is ready to become a policy, or whether further revisions are needed.

-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 13:58, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
: I added a logo about that user group, but other than that, it looks good to me. {{support}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 14:38, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
:I think that the consensus on this policy is proven by years of using it without further changes. But I I have to say weather I agree with this to become a policy, than of course {{support}}. It works and there were no major issues with it. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 18:45, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
:{{support}} no issues. —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 14:51, 10 May 2026 (UTC)
:{{support}} [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 12:37, 11 May 2026 (UTC)
:{{support}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 06:51, 12 May 2026 (UTC)
{{archive bottom}}

== Reminder about custodian-related pages ==

I would like to remind the community about what the following custodian pages are:
* [[Wikiversity:Request custodian action]] is for requesting actions to be done by custodians, and
* [[Wikiversity:Notices for custodians]] is for notices of interest to custodians, like an administrator's noticeboard
Thank you. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 14:12, 12 May 2026 (UTC)

:Thanks - I needed this reminder :) -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 22:21, 12 May 2026 (UTC)

== [[MediaWiki:Protectedpagetext#Protected edit request on 11 December 2025]] ==

I posted an edit request there 5 months ago, so I’ll be taking it to this page. [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-28640-56|&amp;#126;2026-28640-56]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2026-28640-56|talk]]) 23:33, 12 May 2026 (UTC)

:What exactly is the problem? I don't understand what needs to change and why. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 23:35, 12 May 2026 (UTC)
: Pinging @[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]], @[[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] and @[[User:Juandev|Juandev]] for further input. Someone is requesting a modification to [[MediaWiki:Protectedpagetext]] to use {{tlx|Protected page text}}, but we might need to discuss whether to use the template. In the meantime, I'll start a sandbox version of the protected page text template. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 23:19, 14 May 2026 (UTC)
::Sounds good -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 04:13, 15 May 2026 (UTC)

== Create a pseudo-bot user group? ==

I would like to propose adding a new user group to Wikiversity: Pseudo-bot (&lt;code&gt;flood&lt;/code&gt;). This will allow users to perform repetitive actions without flushing the recent changes feed (with only the &lt;code&gt;bot&lt;/code&gt; user right). However, I would suggest that for the pseudo-bot user group:
* It can be granted and revoked by custodians. However, can curators add and remove pseudo-bot from their own accounts (and not others)?
* Users can remove themselves from it.
* A guideline might be necessary about the information and usage of it.
Thoughts? [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 03:31, 14 May 2026 (UTC)

:This sounds good. Which other wiki could we model this user group on? e.g., [[b:Wikibooks:Pseudo-bots]]? -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 04:19, 15 May 2026 (UTC)
::@[[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] Wikiquote has a similar group: [[:wikiquote:Special:ListGroupRights]] [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 04:25, 15 May 2026 (UTC)

== Coming over From wikinews ==
Any chance someone could help me if you are allowed to write news articles here since wikinews is going read only mode soon, thank you! [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BigKrow|contribs]]) 22:43, 1 May 2026 (UTC)

:The scope of Wikiversity is very broad and is basically about more-or-less any learning material. We have made it a point to not have duplicative content of other WMF projects, but since Wikinews is being shuttered, I personally am fine with writing news articles here. One thing that is not controversial at all is a learning resource &lt;em&gt;about&lt;/em&gt; how to write news: that could be hugely useful here and could involve the process of writing news stories to learn and to share back and forth with an editor or fact-checker. In fact, I'd support an entire namespace dedicated to keeping the notion of Wikinews alive here. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 23:38, 1 May 2026 (UTC)
::Thank you so much! How do I start? Cheers! @[[User:Koavf|Koavf]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BigKrow|contribs]]) 01:07, 2 May 2026 (UTC)
:::I think it's premature to start just making news articles en masse, but if you want to start discussing the topic of citizen journalism, you can do that now. [[:Category:Journalism]] already has some material, so you can start by seeing what we already have, how you can refine that, etc. You can definitely have learning resources with collaborators who want to learn about journalism ASAP. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 01:24, 2 May 2026 (UTC)
::::thanks. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BigKrow|contribs]]) 01:38, 2 May 2026 (UTC)
::::If I could try and start one News Article could you please tell me how to go about it? Like what style of writing like Wikinews or something else? Thank you Justin! @[[User:Koavf|Koavf]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BigKrow|contribs]]) 01:48, 2 May 2026 (UTC)
:::::Honestly, there are very few policies and guidelines here. I think the best way to write a news story would be in a manner that is obvious and instructive. So, for instance, it's common to use the &quot;pyramid style&quot; when you're writing news, so if you were to write a story that makes it very clear that you are using that approach, that would be helpful. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 02:08, 2 May 2026 (UTC)
::::::cool thanks. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BigKrow|contribs]]) 02:13, 2 May 2026 (UTC)
::::::im ready to write @[[User:Koavf|Koavf]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BigKrow|contribs]]) 21:30, 13 May 2026 (UTC)
:::::::I think we should get more local consensus for a big project like including the entirety of the scope of Wikinews here. Again, I support it personally. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 21:55, 13 May 2026 (UTC)
::::::::ok lets begin. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BigKrow|contribs]]) 22:15, 13 May 2026 (UTC)

== Proposal to rehost Wikinews here ==

As many of you know, and mentioned here at the Colloquium, our sister project Wikinews recently closed, with all 31 active editions made read-only. [[User:BigKrow]] has asked about the prospect of writing news stories here and I suggested that since we already have [[School:Journalism]] and some resources related to the [[:Category:Journalism|broader topic of journalism]]. I would like to propose that we have continued and indefinite space for {{w|citizen journalism}} by essentially repurposing Wikinews into a sub-project here. The only special infrastructure that Wikinews required was [[:mw:Extension:DynamicPageList]], which was deactivated and caused issues due to a lack of maintenance.

I will add this proposal to the site banner, but I recognize that that may be a conflict of interest, so if anyone requests that I remove it, I will. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 05:30, 14 May 2026 (UTC)
:I would like to see this conversation go for at least 30 days to establish a consensus. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 05:35, 14 May 2026 (UTC)

===Votes===
*{{support}} as proposer (with BK's inspiration). I think that an ongoing experiment in citizen journalism is a fit and appropriate use of this site. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 05:35, 14 May 2026 (UTC)
*{{support}}, hope to seeing ideas about this, and thank you @[[User:Koavf|Koavf]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BigKrow|contribs]]) 11:08, 14 May 2026 (UTC)
*{{support}} Other than perhaps inflating the total number of pages reported, I see the idea of &quot;practicing journalism&quot; a worthy and relevant activity within the domain of Wikiversity. [[User:IanVG|IanVG]] ([[User talk:IanVG|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/IanVG|contribs]]) 21:41, 14 May 2026 (UTC)
*{{support}} Conditional on development of (a) community guidelines that ensure alignment with Wikiversity's purpose, and (b) clear, nested page-naming structures for projects. More detail below. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:48, 15 May 2026 (UTC)
*{{contra}} This proposal doesn't seem interested in expanding educational materials in journalism, but rather in providing space and protection for Wikinews contributors. But this is contrary to the goals of Wikiversity, and I'm not sure it's a good idea, even with regard to WMF. If WMF decides to close a project and another community lets it run on its domain, that's a bit of an undermining of WMF's and the community's decisions. Given that Wikiversity has had several conflicts with other communities and WMF in its history, I'm against it.--[[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 18:59, 15 May 2026 (UTC)

===Comments and questions===
:Definitely worthy of discussion, so I have no problem with the proposal in the sitenotice.
:Initial questions:
:* Does this proposal include importing English Wikinews content e.g., to [[Wikinews]] subpages?
:* What are &quot;active editions&quot;?
:* How can Wikiversity navigate the concerns that lead to the closure of Wikinews?
:* Are any changes to the scope of Wikinews proposed?
:* How does [[Wikinews]] fit with the [[Wikiversity:Mission]]? What aligns well? Where might there be tension?
:** e.g., I'm not sure that a page like [[Story/Manchester City moves two points behind Arsenal]] in and of itself will serve as an educational resource.
:-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 05:52, 14 May 2026 (UTC)
:* Does this proposal include importing English Wikinews content e.g., to [[Wikinews]] subpages?
::*No, not at this time.
:* What are &quot;active editions&quot;?
::*There were 30 other active editions of Wikinews in addition to English (e.g. [[:n:es:]]) at the time of universal closure (2026-05-04).
:* How can Wikiversity navigate the concerns that lead to the closure of Wikinews?
::*One of the biggest issues was the problems with DPL, which is now irrelevant. Another was the lack of activity, which can be ameliorated by having it be part of an existing project instead of its own domain (e.g. some editions of Wikipedia host their own Wikinews already and those projects were not impacted by the closure).
:* Are any changes to the scope of Wikinews proposed?
::*Not at this juncture. I would also propose as far as implemention goes that we would request a new namespace and that the material be more-or-less sequestered into its own ongoing project, like Wikijournal is or like the Cookbook and Wikijunior are at our sister [[:b:]].
:* How does [[Wikinews]] fit with the [[Wikiversity:Mission]]? What aligns well? Where might there be tension?
:** e.g., I'm not sure that a page like [[Story/Manchester City moves two points behind Arsenal]] in and of itself will serve as an educational resource.
::*The process of citizen journalists practicing their craft in real-time and collaborating with others to do so is itself an education activity. We would essentially be hosting a real-time experiment in citizen journalism, online communities, and collaborative learning in addition to the prospect of spreading educational information from someone actually reading the news. I would propose that we could also make a more deliberate attempt to engage with learning &lt;em&gt;about&lt;/em&gt; what does and doesn't work with collaborative news writing by experimentation (e.g. audio news, syndicating to other sites, incorporating freely-licensed news from other sources, writing hyper-local news, writing briefs versus longer-term reportage) and also seeing if the problems noted in the Task Force report that recommended closure can be overcome. Note that we have already done some local investigation about and learning about wiki-based journalism on Wikinews here at [[Journalism studies and Wikinews]]. We could continue that learning and refine the process, including incorporating journalism students from universities. As for tensions, Wikinews is the only sister project that must be done with a quick turn-around: if you take a long time to [[:s:|transcribe a book]], that's just how long it takes, but if you take a long time to write news, it ceases to be news entirely. Wikiversity has been a very slow-growing project that has definitely had some successes but has generally come together over a long period with most learning resources being individual passion projects (or sometimes, frankly, crankery) which would not work with collaborative news that requires more than just a single editor writing whatever he feels like.
::Please let me know any other questions/concerns and any other editors feel free to give your own perspective. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 06:13, 14 May 2026 (UTC)
:::Thanks, Justin — it is food for thought.
:::In attempting to understand how we've arrived here, I've summarised some of the background on this page: [[Wikinews]].
:::Perhaps it could be helpful to flesh out more of the vision / ideas / possibilities / challenges on that page? -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:49, 14 May 2026 (UTC)

:::*Having given it some thought, in principle, I support hosting [[citizen journalism]] on Wikiversity where it is clearly connected to a learning project and/or constitutes original research, both of which align strongly with [[Wikiversity:Mission|Wikiversity’s educational mission]].
:::*My chief concern is the potential for news content that is not clearly linked to the purpose of Wikiversity. To avoid this, some community-agreed guidelines would be prudent. These need not be overly restrictive; they should support boldness and experimentation while helping ensure alignment with Wikiversity's purpose.
:::*Given the reported low and declining activity on Wikinews, it seems unlikely that English Wikiversity would be overwhelmed by an influx of news-related editing. My impression is that English Wikinews was the most active edition, but even so, many contributors are likely to disperse to other projects or cease editing altogether. A modest migration of interested editors to Wikiversity seems manageable.
:::*At this stage, I do not think a dedicated namespace is necessary. Subpages under [[Wikinews]] or nested pages under relevant learning or research projects, or user-space draft pages should be suitable. I agree that [[Wikijournal]] offers a useful model, as do several existing course structures on Wikiversity.
:::*I support [[User:Koavf]]’s suggestions about framing Wikinews activity explicitly around learning. This would create a distinctive space for experimenting with collaborative news production in ways that are pedagogically meaningful. I agree that the [[journalism studies and Wikinews]] project developed by David and Leigh Blackall through the University of Wollongong is an excellent example of the intersection between Wikiversity and Wikinews. The [[Wikinews]] page could evolve into a hub for such projects.
:::*I've tidied the [[:Category:Wikinews|Wikinews category]] and merged some content into the [[Wikinews]] page. As part of a reinvigoration effort, please review these and related resources such as [[:Category:Journalism]] and [[School:Journalism]].
:::*A further argument in favour of this initiative is that Wikipedia explicitly excludes both news reporting and original research. So, there is value in maintaining spaces within the Wikimedia ecosystem where these forms of knowledge production can be openly developed and curated. Such work can, in turn, generate valuable evidence and source material that may later inform Wikipedia articles.
:::*The closure of WMF-hosted Wikinews does not imply that open wiki-based news curation lacks value. Indeed, the closure documentation appears supportive of experimentation with alternative news models across Wikimedia projects, including through Wikipedia and Wikidata. In that context, Wikiversity seems a natural home for a Wikinews experiment, provided it is clearly grounded in learning and/or research.
:::-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:39, 15 May 2026 (UTC)
My understanding towards Wikinews' failure is that everything takes too long to be approved for the publish status, which means that any breaking news would have already become days-old stale news. Wikinews has a brand recognition (for right or wrong reasons) than Wikiversity and I wonder how effective Wikiversity can attract the &quot;Wikinews refugees&quot; to edit here. And just a quick note on the governance. Since each Wikiversity language operates independently, each language has to vote &amp; adopt this proposal independently. [[User:OhanaUnited|&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0000FF;&quot;&gt;OhanaUnited&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;]][[User talk:OhanaUnited|&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;Talk page&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;]] 13:47, 15 May 2026 (UTC)

:Your assessment about Wikinews is partially correct. I referenced it earlier, but to be explicit, there is a [[:m:Proposal for Closing Wikinews|report by a task force on sister projects]] that outlines their concerns. There are a few, one of which was the nature of the staleness of news. Thanks also for clarifying that this proposal is only relevant to en.wv and is not binding or even proposed for other editions of Wikiversity. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 18:54, 15 May 2026 (UTC)

== Inactivity policy for Curators ==

I was wondering if there is a specific inactivity polity for curators (semi-admins) as I am pretty sure the global policy does not apply to them as they are not ''fully'' sysops. [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 03:20, 15 February 2026 (UTC)

:Unfortunately, I don't see an inactivity policy, but if we were to create such a new policy for curators, it should be the same for custodians (administrators). [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 18:45, 15 February 2026 (UTC)
::@[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] There is currently none, that I could find, for custodians either. [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 00:47, 17 February 2026 (UTC)
:::I think we should propose a local inactivity policy for custodians (and by extension, curators), which should be at least one year without any edits ''and'' logged actions. However, I don't know which page should it be when the inactivity removal procedure starts. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 00:53, 17 February 2026 (UTC)
::::@[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] In theory, there should be a section added at [[WV:Candidates for custodianship]] [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 00:55, 17 February 2026 (UTC)
::::: To be consistent with the [[meta:Admin activity review|global period of 2 years inactivity]] for en.wv  [[Wikiversity:Custodianship#Notes|Custodians]] and [[Wikiversity:Bureaucratship#How are bureaucrats removed?|Bureaucrats]] we could add something like this to [[Wikiversity:Curators]]:
::::::The maximum time period of inactivity &lt;u&gt;without community review&lt;/u&gt; for curators is two years (consistent with  the [[:meta:Category:Global policies|global policy]] described at [[meta:Admin activity review|Admin activity review]] which applies for [[Wikiversity:Custodianship#Notes|Custodians]] and [[Wikiversity:Bureaucratship|Bureaucrats]]). After that time a custodian will remove the rights.
::::: -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 10:51, 27 March 2026 (UTC)
:::::Yup, I agree with Jtneill, there is a policy proposal for Wikiversity:Curators, where it should be logically deployed. The question is if we are ready to aprove the policy. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 17:43, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
:::::: I agree, but we should notify the colloquium about inactive curators, just like a steward would do for inactive custodians and bureaucrats per [[:m:Admin activity review|AAR]]. What is the minimum timeframe an inactive curator should receive so they can respond they would keep their rights? [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 17:49, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
:I incorporated these suggestions into the proposed curators policy. Please review/comment/improve. Summary: 2 years, notify curator's user page, then remove rights after 1 month: [[Wikiversity:Curators#Inactivity]]. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 08:59, 24 April 2026 (UTC)
:: @[[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] I created [[Template:Inactive curator]] for this. Feel free to make any changes or improvements. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 14:29, 24 April 2026 (UTC)
:::Wondering, should we also have:
:::* {{tl|Inactive custodian}}
:::* {{tl|Inactive bureaucrat}}
:::or perhaps just a single template with a parameter(s) for the user right(s)/role(s)? e.g., 
:::* if a custodian is inactive for 2 years, then custodian and curator rights are to be removed and 
:::* if a bureaucrat is inactive for 2 years, then bureaucrat, custodian, and curator rights are to to be removed.
:::-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 09:58, 13 May 2026 (UTC)
:::: I would probably modify that template when we actually develop our own inactivity policy, because we're currently under the AAR (a steward notifies the colloquium with [[m:Admin activity review/Notice to communities]], and inactive advanced right holders with [[m:Admin activity review/Notice to inactive right holders]]). [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:16, 13 May 2026 (UTC)
:::::Ah, I see. Yes, that makes sense. Thankyou. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 04:21, 15 May 2026 (UTC)
: In that case, should we develop our own inactivity policy (e.g. on [[Wikiversity:Inactivity policy]] or [[Wikiversity:Support staff/Inactivity]])? I would list the general inactivity part, the process, etc. Once it's approved as a policy, I will [[m:Stewards' noticeboard|notify the stewards]]. Thoughts? [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:30, 16 May 2026 (UTC)
::Originally, I would have thought that, for a small wiki like en.wv, it made sense to leave inactivity monitoring to the stewards. However, with the creation of the curator user group, we have already taken on local responsibility for monitoring inactivity in at least one advanced-rights group. Extending this to custodians and bureaucrats would not add much additional overhead and would provide a more consistent and transparent local administrative process.
::One option would be to develop a single, centralised policy covering all advanced-rights groups.
::An alternative would be to include an ==Inactivity== section on each relevant policy page (e.g., we already have [[Wikiversity:Curatorship#Inactivity]], but not yet in the custodianship, and bureaucratship policy pages). This approach would allow some flexibility because different user groups may warrant different criteria (such as inactivity thresholds, qualifying activity, or review procedures).
::A hybrid approach may be best: maintain separate inactivity sections within each user-group policy page, while transcluding these into a central overview page such as Codename Noreste suggests. This would preserve clarity at the local policy level while also providing a single reference point for consistency and oversight. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 23:09, 16 May 2026 (UTC)
::: I would suggest we develop a centralized inactivity policy page, and include a short summarized section of that page, on the support staff user group pages. We must also include a link to that policy page if we were to add &lt;nowiki&gt;== Inactivity ==&lt;/nowiki&gt; to each of those user group pages. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:48, 17 May 2026 (UTC)

== Inactive curators ==

Hello, even though [[Wikiversity:Curators]] is not a policy yet, there are curators listed here that have been inactive for two years or more:
* {{user|Cody naccarato}} (last edit on 13 Dec 2022, last logged action on 10 Dec 2022)
* {{user|Praxidicae}} (last edit on 10 Sep 2022, last logged action on 12 Sep 2022)
[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 21:14, 19 April 2026 (UTC)

:Yup, I would remove the rights. To get the rights back if theyll come back should not be a big deal. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 20:08, 24 April 2026 (UTC)
:: When they don't reply by May 19, feel free (or any custodian) to do so. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 00:28, 25 April 2026 (UTC)

==Curator inactivity review==
These curators haven't been active for &gt; 2 years. As per the [[Wikiversity:Curatorship|curatorship policy]]:
* [[Special:Log/Cody naccarato]] was notified on their talk page by [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] on 24 Apr 2026
* [[Special:Log/Praxidicae]] was notified on their talk page by [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] on 24 Apr 2026
* [[Special:Log/Tegel]] was notified on their talk page by [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] notified their talk page on 16 May 2026

The policy allows a month to hear from these users. If no response, a custodian will remove their curator rights.

-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 06:14, 16 May 2026 (UTC)
: For Cody naccarato and Praxidicae, their rights are to be removed by the 19th of May if they don't respond either here or on their talk page. For Tegel, the removal will happen on the 16th of June, probably. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:13, 16 May 2026 (UTC)
::Should be 24 May for Cody naccarato and Praxidicae? -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 23:11, 16 May 2026 (UTC)
::: I made [[#Inactive curators]] on the 19th of April. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 03:18, 17 May 2026 (UTC)
::::OK, I see (had missed that thread, sorry - I've now moved the the 3 inactivity topics to be adjacent).
::::I'm thinking the curator policy indicates one month from user talk page notification? -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 06:44, 17 May 2026 (UTC)
::::: Yes. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:49, 17 May 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>roaco7qvib7lvkneh3t8jf6yfqnj5eu</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2810023</id>
      <parentid>2809954</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T01:55:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Wikiversity:Deletion policy proposed as policy */ new section</comment>
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      <text bytes="83359" sha1="gux5f6obcvnf8p7v3d2b1mjfopgzs0s" xml:space="preserve">{{Wikiversity:Colloquium/Header}}
&lt;!-- MESSAGES GO BELOW --&gt;
== New titles for user right nominations ==
&lt;div class=&quot;cd-moveMark&quot;&gt;''Moved from [[Wikiversity talk:Candidates for Custodianship#New titles for user right nominations]].  [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 23:20, 17 April 2026 (UTC)''&lt;/div&gt;

I would like to propose the following retitles should a user be nominated for any of the following user rights:
* Curator: Candidates for Curatorship
* Bureaucrat: Candidates for Bureaucratship
The reason is that many curator (and probably bureaucrat) requests have run solely under {{tq|Candidates for Custodianship}}, but that title might sound misleading (especially in regards to the permission a user is requesting). CheckUser and Oversight (suppressor) are not included above since no user was nominated for these sensitive permissions, probably. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 01:30, 19 March 2026 (UTC)

:And it's not that when someone at the beginning misplaced the request, no one thought to move it and the others copied it. Even today, it would be possible to simply take it all and move it. Otherwise, for me, the more fundamental problem is that there is [[Wikiversity:Curators|no approved policy for curators]] than where the requests are based. Curators then operate in a certain vacuum and if one of them &quot;breaks out of the chain&quot;, the average user doesn't have many transparent tools to deal with it, because there is no policy. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 07:02, 19 March 2026 (UTC)
::I am not talking about the curator page (policy proposal). [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 19:08, 21 March 2026 (UTC)
: @[[User:Juandev|Juandev]] I'll see if I can do an overhaul of [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Custodianship]], just like I recently did with the Requests for adminship page on English Wikiquote. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 22:17, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
:Yes, great idea - ideally there will be separate &quot;Candidates for ...&quot; pages for each user right group. The most important for now is to separate curator and custodian pages as CN suggests. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:39, 1 May 2026 (UTC)
:So maybe I previously misunderstood. Are you proposing separated pages for nominations (i.e. [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Curatorship]], [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Bureaucratship]], [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Custodianship]])? [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 12:30, 5 May 2026 (UTC)
:: Yes. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 13:33, 5 May 2026 (UTC)
:::I see, then I am fine with that @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]. Sorry for misunderstanding. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 18:35, 9 May 2026 (UTC)

I've split the user rights nomination pages into:
* [[Wikiversity:Candidates for CheckUser]]
* [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Curatorship]]
* [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Custodianship]]
* [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Bureaucratship]]

Please review. There are likely several links to update, text to adjust, categories to manage, short-cuts to fix etc. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 04:22, 10 May 2026 (UTC)

:Thanks, great job @[[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]]. I am wondering if we need to move archived nominations too, or if we are OK with the actual state. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 08:08, 10 May 2026 (UTC)
::Yes, I think that would be helpful. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 10:46, 10 May 2026 (UTC)
:::I can do it @[[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]], I am just looking what system is there. I can see [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Custodianship/Archive of nominations for full custodianship]] which is a good complementary overview to the subpages with full history. The name of the pages is probably stably, but I would consider to create more specific redirect like [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Custodianship/Overview of staff nominations]], which would link to the above one. Then there is a [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Custodianship/Archived]], which are probably incomplete nominations, right? [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 08:37, 11 May 2026 (UTC)
::::Tx @[[User:Juandev|Juandev]]. Yes, this makes sense. And maybe we move:
::::* archived '''curator''' nominations from [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Custodianship/Archive of nominations for full custodianship]] to e.g., [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Curatorship/Archive of nominations]]
::::* archived '''bureaucrat''' nominations from [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Custodianship/Archive of nominations for full custodianship ]] to e.g., [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Bureaucratship/Archive of nominations]]
::::-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 10:12, 11 May 2026 (UTC)
:::::OK. That sounds good. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 07:25, 12 May 2026 (UTC)
:An svg icon for [[Wikiversity:Curatorship|curators]] would also be helpful. We have them for other user rights: [[c:Category:Wikiversity user rights icons]] -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 10:54, 10 May 2026 (UTC)
::Done: [[Wikiversity:Curators]] -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 01:44, 11 May 2026 (UTC)

== Technical Request:  Courtesy link.. ==

[[Template_talk:Information#Background_must_have_color_defined_as_well]] [[User:ShakespeareFan00|ShakespeareFan00]] ([[User talk:ShakespeareFan00|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ShakespeareFan00|contribs]]) 11:43, 20 March 2026 (UTC)
: I can't edit the template directly as it need an sysop/interface admin to do it. [[User:ShakespeareFan00|ShakespeareFan00]] ([[User talk:ShakespeareFan00|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ShakespeareFan00|contribs]]) 11:43, 20 March 2026 (UTC)
:: Also if the Template field of - https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:LintErrors/night-mode-unaware-background-color is examined, there is poential for an admin to clear a substantial proportion of these by implmenting a simmilar fix to the indciated templates (and underlying stylesheets). It would be nice to clear things like Project box and others, as many other templates (and thus pages depend on them.) :)
[[User:ShakespeareFan00|ShakespeareFan00]] ([[User talk:ShakespeareFan00|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ShakespeareFan00|contribs]]) 11:43, 20 March 2026 (UTC)

:I think it would be best to grant you interface admin rights for a short period of time to make these changes. However, I still have doubts about the suitability of this solution, which may cause other problems and no one has explained to me why dark mode has to be implemented this way @[[User:ShakespeareFan00|ShakespeareFan00]]. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 20:43, 20 March 2026 (UTC)

: I would have reservations about holding such rights, which is why I was trying to do what I could without needing them. However if it is the only way to get the required changes made, I would suggest asking on Wikipedia to find technical editors, willing to undertake the changes needed. [[User:ShakespeareFan00|ShakespeareFan00]] ([[User talk:ShakespeareFan00|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ShakespeareFan00|contribs]]) 09:32, 21 March 2026 (UTC)

== WikiEducator has closed ==

Some of you may know of a similar project to Wikiversity, called [https://wikieducator.org/Main_Page WikiEducator], championed by [https://oerfoundation.org/about/staff/wayne-mackintosh/ Wayne Mackintosh][https://www.linkedin.com/posts/waynemackintosh_important-notice-about-the-oer-foundation-activity-7405113051688931329-Nhm9/][https://openeducation.nz/killed-not-starved/].

It seems [https://openeducation.nz/terminating-oer-foundation their foundation has closed] and they are no longer operating.

They had done quite a bit of outreach (e.g., in the Pacific and Africa) to get educators using wiki.

The WikiEducator content is still available in MediaWiki - and potentially could be imported to Wikiversity ([https://wikieducator.org/WikiEducator:Copyrights CC-BY-SA] is the default license).

The closing of WikiEducator arguably makes the nurturing of Wikiversity even more important.

-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 02:09, 1 April 2026 (UTC)

:I was never active there. If anyone has an account or is otherwise in contact, we may want to copy relevant information here or even at [[:outreach:]]. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 04:46, 1 April 2026 (UTC)

:: I reached out to [[User:Mackiwg~enwikiversity|Wayne]] in January, and he responded briefly but positively (while travelling).  I wrote to the low-traffic wikieducator mailing list today and got a nice [https://groups.google.com/g/wikieducator/c/r_yIyUw6ZIA reply] from [[user:SteveFoerster|Steve Foerster]] who's interested in helping. If we can figure out a migration path it would be great to adopt at least the main namespace pages here.  
:: A few questions that come to mind: 
:: - would people want to create matching user accounts
:: - are there any namespaces (user/talk?) that should not be moved over
:: We could look at how this was done for the [[m:Wikivoyage/Migration]] wikivoyage migration. &lt;span style=&quot;padding:0 2px 0 2px;background-color:white;color:#bbb;&quot;&gt;&amp;ndash;[[User:Sj|SJ]][[User Talk:Sj|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#ff9900;&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/span&gt; 04:27, 1 May 2026 (UTC)
:::That's fantastic, SJ, that you've reached out and that Wayne, Steve, and Jim are receptive—and that you can help! -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:52, 1 May 2026 (UTC)
::::A matching accound makes sense to give credits to the original authors and keep a clean chain of versions. The initial commit into wikiversity could have a &quot;marker with timestamp&quot; similar to signature with a reference where the content's source or a Web archive. This would allow authors to continue there work on wikiversity if they wish. [[User:Bert Niehaus|Bert Niehaus]] ([[User talk:Bert Niehaus|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Bert Niehaus|contribs]]) 06:30, 15 May 2026 (UTC)

== Wikinews is ending ==

Apparently mainly due to low editorial activity, low public interest, but also failure to achieve the goals from the proposal for the creation of the project, the Wikinews project is ending after years of discussions ([[Meta:Proposal for Closing Wikinews|some reading]]).

And I would be interested to see how Wikiversity is doing in the monitored metrics. We probably have more editors than Wikinews had, but what about consumers and achieving the goals? [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 19:14, 1 April 2026 (UTC)

:Wikiversity's biggest issue in recent times was the hosting of low-quality, trash content. Thankfully we've done a great job in removing pseudoscience and other embarrassingly trash content (Wikidebates, for example), but the biggest concern moving forward is proper maintenance IMO. I've caught several pseudoscience pages being created within the last few months that could easily have flown under the radar (ex, [[The Kelemen Dilemma: Causal Collapse and Axiomatic Instability]]), so I'd urge our custodians/curators to be on the lookout for this type of content. Usually an AI-overview can point this type of content out relatively well.
:In terms of visibility, I believe Wikiversity is a high-traffic project. I remember my [[Mathematical Properties]] showing up on the first page of Google when searching up &quot;math properties&quot; for the longest time (and is still showing up in the first page 'till this day!). Besides, Wikinews hosted a lot of short-term content (the nature of news articles), while Wikiversity hosts content that can still be useful a decade later (ex, [[A Reader's Guide to Annotation]]). 
:I think we are on a better path than we were a few months ago, and I do want to thank everyone here who has been helping out with maintaining our website! —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 20:48, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
:For what it's worth, the group that did that study has since disbanded, so no one is monitoring the other sister projects in the same way. Additionally, Wikinews had some catastrophic server issues due to the maintenance of [[:m:Extension:DynamicPageList]] which don't apply here. Your questions are still worth addressing, but I just wanted to cut off any concern at the pass about Wikiversity being in the same precarious situation. Wikiversity is definitely the biggest &quot;lagging behind&quot; or &quot;failure&quot; project now that Wikinews is being shuttered, but I don't see any near- or medium-term pathway to closing Wikiversity. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 00:46, 2 April 2026 (UTC)

:[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/News and notes|Entirety of Wikinews to be shut down]] (Wikipedia Signpost) -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 02:03, 11 April 2026 (UTC)

== Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) ==

Hello everyone,

This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as &lt;code&gt;Module:Itemgroup/list&lt;/code&gt;).

'''The Change:'''&lt;br /&gt;
Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. 

We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''.

'''What You Need To Do:'''&lt;br /&gt;
To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search.

'''Deadline:'''&lt;br /&gt;
We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles.

Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 17:11, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&amp;oldid=29941252 --&gt;
:I didnt find such properties, so we are probably fine. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 21:00, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
:: +1 (agreed). [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 22:19, 12 April 2026 (UTC)

== Enable the abuse filter block action? ==

In light of [[Special:AbuseLog/80178]] (coupon spam), I would like to propose enabling the block action for the abuse filter. Only custodians will be able to enable and disable that action on an abuse filter, and it is useful to block ongoing vandalism. Thoughts? [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 19:12, 13 April 2026 (UTC)

:Seems like a good idea, almost all of the users which create such pages are spambots so this shouldn’t be a problem. [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 23:41, 13 April 2026 (UTC)
:Can you explain some more (I am new to abuse filters)? It looks like the attempted edit was prevented? Which abuse filter?
:Note on your suggestion, have also reactivated Antispam Filter 12 - see [[WV:RCA]]. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 10:45, 15 April 2026 (UTC)
:: I am proposing that we activate the abuse filter block action, which if a user triggers an abuse filter, it would actually block the user in question - the same mechanism that a custodian would use to block users. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 13:11, 15 April 2026 (UTC)
:::OK, thankyou, that makes sense. And, reviewing the abuse filter 12 log, it would be helpful because it would prevent the need for manual blocking. But I don't see a setting for autoblocking? -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 23:14, 15 April 2026 (UTC)
:::: I think it probably adds an autoblock. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 00:43, 16 April 2026 (UTC)
: [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] and [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]], given that a little bit more than a week has passed and there is minimal consensus to activate the abuse filter block action, I filed [[phab:T424053]]. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:05, 21 April 2026 (UTC)
::Thank-you for doing this. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 08:03, 24 April 2026 (UTC)

== Advice needed: A Neurodiversity-inspired Idea/observation ==

If I want the greatest participation of others to &quot;provide constructive criticism to my idea&quot; or to &quot;shoot down my idea&quot; or &quot;idea&quot;.

What I've called it so far is &quot;The Neurodiversity-inspired Idea&quot;. At other times I used more sensationalist wording but here on Wikiversity I don't dare do that. I actually woke up with thinking about putting this into my userspace draft: &quot;Personal Observations Made By Meeting Autistic and Non-Autistic Adults&quot;.

My ultimate goal is to stop blathering about my &quot;idea&quot; to friend and family without feeling my &quot;methodology&quot; is going into any progressive direction whatsoever. My latest encounter was somewhat constructive though. A friend of a friend who worked with people presenting ideas in attempting to getting grants. I don't want a grant. I just want to figure out how I can express my &quot;idea&quot; in a way so that I can more clearly figure out what flaws it got.

At the same time I tend to overthink. If anyone thinks etherpad might be a good place and considering Wikimedia already got an etherpad at https://etherpad.wikimedia.org/ if anyone feels like they know me better in the future feel free to suggest a &quot;session&quot; on etherpad.

'''If I don't receive a reply to this in 1 week's time I will begin to explore this &quot;idea&quot; into my userspace''' unless you replied and refrained me from doing so, of course. Then maybe after &quot;developing it there&quot; I might reference it to you another future time here in the Colloquium, with my &quot;idea&quot; still in my userspace draft. This &quot;idea&quot; is sort of a burden, I'm happy I've made the choice to get rid of it and hopefully move on with my life, unless there is something to this &quot;idea&quot;. 

My failure is probably evident: I feel I haven't told you anything. Same happened to when I talked to friends and family. In danger of overthinking it further I'll publish this right now. I need to &quot;keep it together&quot; [[User:ThinkingScience|ThinkingScience]] ([[User talk:ThinkingScience|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ThinkingScience|contribs]]) 10:36, 16 April 2026 (UTC)

:Good on you putting it out there ... and hitting publish :). I'd say go for it (no need to wait), give birth to your idea and share about it here and elsewhere. Let it take shape and see where it might go. In many ways, this is exactly what an open collaborative learning community should be doing. Others might not know well how to respond, so perhaps consider creating some questions to accompany the idea. Sincerely, James -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:21, 16 April 2026 (UTC)
::Thank you for encouraging me in developing the idea.
::I have created a &quot;questions&quot; section in the draft which is visible in the table of contents now. My brain was &quot;frozen&quot; today metaphorically speaking in that I felt I had like a &quot;writer's block&quot; so the draft has more &quot;AI/LLM&quot; content than before. I used the LLM for generating questions. The answers are so far human-only.
::I've also created a subsection where I could add the prompts that made the LLM generate the questions. That could help people make better prompts perhaps. I've described what it is about inside of it and there are some chaotically written notes.
::[[Draft:The_Neurodiversity-inspired_Idea#Questions_that_might_encourage_the_development_of_this_idea_and_its_methodology]]
::My draft is missing stuff. Any questions that you contribute to my draft will probably help me and if I don't understand the questions I'll probably notify you and also at the same time &quot;feed them&quot; to an LLM and ask in my input like &quot;explain in simple words what this question means, what is it searching for?&quot; etc. while I wait for an answer. If you have any more feedback please give it to me here or on the Draft page, its talk page or my user talk page. Thank you for helping me! [[User:ThinkingScience|ThinkingScience]] ([[User talk:ThinkingScience|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ThinkingScience|contribs]]) 21:20, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
::Today I woke up with not only thinking about supplying questions along with the &quot;idea&quot; but also answers. ie. Is it possible to &quot;test&quot; this idea? Is it possible to create one or multiple hypotheses based on this &quot;idea&quot;?(etc.) I've thought about this before in this &quot;idea&quot; but since I'm beginning to add to Wikiversity what was previously 'locked in my mind' it's also easier for me to see what I've done so far. Thank you for this comment! [[User:ThinkingScience|ThinkingScience]] ([[User talk:ThinkingScience|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ThinkingScience|contribs]]) 09:11, 23 April 2026 (UTC)
:May I think that you should not add deadlines ; being read, and rising interest for collaboration, or even simply for exchange of thoughts, such an effective meeting event loads a huge bunch of unprobability, which time can help to… somehow diminish. Maybe, I would advice you having a central place for developping your ideas, your needs, your advances, maybe a page in your own user zone, and from time to time, depending your feeling, it could be every trimester or so, or more frequently, you could write a short account of progress (or even of no progress), or a call for participation, in such a place as this present one ; I think that will increase much exposure of your projet. Maybe also, if you can find a project name, not necessarily very meaningfull by itseilf (at least it will gain signification with time, as your project develops), that will serve as a kind-of hook, and make your announcement titles more visible. Best regards (and my excuses for my poor command of English, which seems to be unplease an anti-abuse filter, &quot;Questionable Language (profanity)&quot;, which I don't understand…). My few cents. --  [[User:Eric.LEWIN|Eric.LEWIN]] ([[User talk:Eric.LEWIN|discussion]] • [[Special:Contributions/Eric.LEWIN|contributions]]) 10:06, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
::Sorry about the false positive on the profanity filter - I've fixed it. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 10:26, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
:::&quot;May I think that you should not add deadlines ; being read, and rising interest for collaboration, or even simply for exchange of thoughts, such an effective meeting event loads a huge bunch of unprobability, which time can help to… somehow diminish.&quot;
::Thank you Eric for this comment. Trust in time is how I interpret it. I should not feel like I need to be in a hurry. I'll try to give this time. Thank you!
:::&quot;Maybe, I would advice you having a central place for developping your ideas, your needs, your advances, maybe a page in your own user zone, and from time to time, depending your feeling, it could be every trimester or so, or more frequently, you could write a short account of progress (or even of no progress), or a call for participation, in such a place as this present one ; I think that will increase much exposure of your projet.&quot;
::A central place for developing or making &quot;project notes&quot; regarding the Neurodiversity idea on my userspace, I might need that, like a diary or &quot;project notes&quot; of the Neurodiversity idea similar to my course notes regarding my experience with Coursera.
::Any actions I take are going to be related to my Userspace from now on but I'll also update the draft when necessary. Now in the beginning I might be working daily to once every 3 days on both the draft and the daily notes I plan to make.
:::&quot;Maybe also, if you can find a project name, not necessarily very meaningfull by itseilf (at least it will gain signification with time, as your project develops), that will serve as a kind-of hook, and make your announcement titles more visible.&quot;
::Thank you for the advice. I was brainstorming yesterday about it. I concluded that since I've not yet developed a methodology that adheres to &quot;Do no harm&quot; and this is my first time working my &quot;idea&quot; into a way that is compatible with how projects develop on English Wikiversity this is new to me. My methodology isn't developed and therefore trying to get attention to my project through a name can wait. Yesterday I figured out a silly title that has nothing to do with the project: &quot;Planetary Awareness Potato Cabbage Rolls&quot; or something like that. Google output read that no such thing exists so I wanted it mainly to be unique. I don't want to raise attention that I'm unsure whether I'll actually be capable of developing a methodology for but project notes is my best bet so far in tracking my progress. Every day I think about this &quot;idea&quot; but I need to improve the important parts.
:::&quot;Best regards (and my excuses for my poor command of English, which seems to be unplease an anti-abuse filter, &quot;Questionable Language (profanity)&quot;, which I don't understand…). My few cents.&quot;
::You added great points and I felt that I was helped by you! I encourage you to post again and I can understand that interacting with any kind of automated filter can be discouraging and can be for me too! Thank you for giving me feedback! [[User:ThinkingScience|ThinkingScience]] ([[User talk:ThinkingScience|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ThinkingScience|contribs]]) 16:01, 18 April 2026 (UTC)

== Add some user rights to the curator user group? ==

By default, only custodians have the ability to mark new pages as patrolled (&lt;code&gt;patrol&lt;/code&gt;) and have their own page creations automatically marked as patrolled (&lt;code&gt;autopatrol&lt;/code&gt;). I am proposing both of the following:
* Curators can mark new pages as patrolled, helping on reducing the backlog of new, unpatrolled pages.
* New pages made by curators will be automatically marked as patrolled by the MediaWiki software.
Before we implement this, I would suggest implementing a proposed guideline for marking new pages as patrolled for curators and custodians.

Thoughts? [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:32, 17 April 2026 (UTC)

:Agree, &lt;s&gt;also can we also allow curators to undelete pages since they already have the rights to delete them?&lt;/s&gt; [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 02:54, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
::I think the requirement that undelete NOT be included came from above (meta / stewards / central office). Having access to the undelete page gives access to information that is restricted by their policies to admins (custodians and bureaucrats). -- [[User:Dave Braunschweig|Dave Braunschweig]] ([[User talk:Dave Braunschweig|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dave Braunschweig|contribs]]) 20:12, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
::: [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]], unless if requests for curator and custodian should be RfA-like processes (that is, including voting and comments), then I have to agree with Dave above. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 22:03, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
::::Oh, I didn’t realise that. Withdrawing my comment.. [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 00:08, 19 April 2026 (UTC)
:{{support}} Seems reasonable and would reduce overhead. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 14:35, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
:'''Agree''', implement it also to [[Wikiversity:Curators]] proposal please. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 17:11, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
: I went ahead and filed [[phab:T424445]]. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:39, 26 April 2026 (UTC)

== [[Wikiversity:Curators|Curators and curators policy]] ==
{{archive top|There is strong consensus, so [[Wikiversity:Curators]] is now a policy. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:15, 9 May 2026 (UTC)}}
How does it come, that Wikiversity has curators, but Curators policy is still being proposed? How do the curators exists and act if the policy about them havent been approved yet? [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 18:33, 16 October 2025 (UTC)

:It looks as if it is not just curators. The policy on Bureaucratship is still being proposed as well. See [[Wikiversity:Bureaucratship]]. —[[User:RailwayEnthusiast2025|&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Verdana; color:#008000; text-shadow:gray 0.2em 0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;RailwayEnthusiast2025&lt;/span&gt;]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:RailwayEnthusiast2025|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#59a53f&quot;&gt;''talk with me!''&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 18:33, 27 October 2025 (UTC)

:I think its just the nature of a small WMF sister project in that there are lots of drafts, gaps, and potential improvements. In this case, these community would need to vote on those proposed Wikiversity staff policies if we think they're ready. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 02:08, 3 December 2025 (UTC)
:What? I thought you were getting it approved, Juandev... :) [[User:I&amp;#39;m Mr. Chris|I&amp;#39;m Mr. Chris]] ([[User talk:I&amp;#39;m Mr. Chris|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/I&amp;#39;m Mr. Chris|contribs]]) 14:20, 12 February 2026 (UTC)
::Yeah I think this one is important too and we need to aprove it too @[[User:I'm Mr. Chris|I'm Mr. Chris]]. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 15:56, 12 February 2026 (UTC)
:::I thinks its ready to made into a policy, it seems to be complete and informative about what the rights does and how to get it. [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 03:08, 15 February 2026 (UTC)
::::Agree -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:00, 27 March 2026 (UTC)

Let's make this the official discussion about adopting the [[Wikiversity:Curators|curators policy]] policy. Your comments are invited and welcome. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 08:40, 24 April 2026 (UTC)
: There were two similar Colloquium threads in separate places about the proposed curators policy. So I've moved them to be adjacent. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 12:42, 1 May 2026 (UTC)
{{archive bottom}}

== Wikiversity:Curators to become a policy ==
{{archive top|There is strong consensus, so [[Wikiversity:Curators]] is now a policy. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:16, 9 May 2026 (UTC)}}
I've looked at the discussions about the Curators policy, I've looked at the practices, and it seems to me that there is no dispute about the wording of the policy, and what's more, the community has been using this proposal as if it were an offical policy for several years. Therefore, I propose that [[Wikiversity:Curators]] become a policy. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 18:35, 18 April 2026 (UTC)

:{{support}} —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 18:54, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
:{{support}} —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 20:21, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
: {{support|Yes, please}}. Especially after when I and PieWriter proposed above, I agree. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 14:27, 24 April 2026 (UTC)
:: @[[User:Juandev|Juandev]]; as of now, curators now have the user rights &lt;code&gt;autopatrol&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;patrol&lt;/code&gt;. Perhaps we should also include that in [[Wikiversity:Custodianship]]? [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 12:07, 30 April 2026 (UTC)
:::You meant [[Wikiversity:Curators]] @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]? [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 12:15, 5 May 2026 (UTC)
:::: I agree that we must develop what rules curators should follow when marking new pages as patrolled; the same can be added for custodians since they can also mark new pages as patrolled. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 13:37, 5 May 2026 (UTC)
:::::I see, well I think you can just add this to the policy. It is not major change and it probably reflects actual practice or actual technical possibilities for those flags. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 09:20, 7 May 2026 (UTC)
:{{support}} -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 12:42, 1 May 2026 (UTC)
:{{Support}} per nom. [[User:PhilDaBirdMan|PhilDaBirdMan]] ([[User talk:PhilDaBirdMan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PhilDaBirdMan|contribs]]) 13:32, 1 May 2026 (UTC)
{{Archive bottom}}

== Is anyone interested in Neurodiversity? ==

Is anyone interested in Neurodiversity? Is there anyone here who is interested for Neurodiversity to be &quot;something more&quot; than it already is? Does anyone here consider Neurodiversity one of the &quot;harder topics&quot; to work on or discuss? Does anyone here have an opinion about the [[Neurodiversity Movement]]? So these questions don't appear like &quot;out of a vacuum&quot; I can tell you a bit about my background:

Many years ago I got a psychiatric diagnosis &quot;Asperger's&quot;. After I stepped out of the office and my Äsperger's was 'concluded', I stepped out into the street and thought my first negative thought(but the positive thought followed after). The thought was about concentration camps in the second world war and that the world seemed to be going into the direction of &quot;labeling others&quot;. I was unsure whether this was &quot;real science&quot; and sort of &quot;challenged myself&quot; to make up my own mind after meeting people that had been given this diagnosis. The more adults with this diagnosis I met the more I started seeing &quot;patterns&quot;.

Was it a coincidence that the first person with Asperger's I met reminded me about my father later after I had plenty of times of experience with interacting with him? None of the people I interacted with online through IRC text chat...I felt I got any clue about how &quot;their brains work&quot;. Only when I met one person from the Asperger's chat community in person we both realized that whatever we experienced was akin to the &quot;chaos theory&quot;. He told me about &quot;chaos theory&quot; while I didn't know even what that term meant but I guess I 'read between the lines'. My question that I linger on still today is &quot;did he understand about me what I think I understood about him?&quot;? That our brains had the same configuration? Most autistic adults who meet other autistic adults usually get disappointed. They think the diagnosis will help them meet somebody like themselves and then they realize the great diversity in the autistic spectrum created by Psychiatry.

I later stopped interacting with autistic communities that much, I felt that it did not benefit me. Also Neurodiversity's &quot;neurotypes&quot; interested me for a while until I realized I had &quot;misunderstood everything&quot; about them and how they are used in the Neurodiversity Movement or &quot;Neurodiversity community&quot; if that even can precisely be defined? I doubt it but if you want to contribute to the [[Neurodiversity Movement]]. My previous attempts failed as I got more and more confused. I think a community project needs a community. With a lack of that I don't think it is worth my time. If any of you would like to work on that project let me know on my talk page.

So I was kinda lost and was talking to my friend and psychologist and I realized if I never talk about my idea to anyone in a &quot;comprehensive way&quot; or show that it matters to me nothing is going to ever happen. So I started talking about my &quot;idea&quot; more. Nobody could understand the &quot;idea&quot; because I had not developed my skills regarding where to start...although the process had already started &quot;automatically&quot; and that's why I often think of &quot;well my brain sort of activated me&quot;. I don't feel like I did have a plan and this idea happened. It happened &quot;by itself&quot;. My brain reacted to what I was seeing in a video or stream.

I value interaction highly in this idea. I think it would be helpful to make a community of people who are not paranoid about stuff that can express itself like &quot;don't analyze me!&quot;, &quot;don't compare me to anyone!&quot;. 

On the contrary, more often than not those adults who were diagnosed were actually openly comparing themselves with each other and I think that is healthy in a &quot;science&quot; way if done the &quot;right way&quot; which probably means &quot;Do no harm&quot;.

I found video material is important but I'm very unsure if uploading own video material to Wikimedia Commons would constitute a &quot;reasonable&quot; use of the resources there. Maybe somebody here needs to ask more questions to me that I should answer before that happens. I also know the '''be bold''' so I could just do what I think might be ok. Though I work better in a group as long as I know what &quot;group configurations&quot; help me. This is in a non-profit way. Since the state supported me this might be a way I am trying to &quot;give back&quot; to the state and &quot;the world&quot;. May seem overly ambitious and crazy but this thing gives me energy. It gives me hope when trying to develop this idea. [[User:ThinkingScience|ThinkingScience]] ([[User talk:ThinkingScience|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ThinkingScience|contribs]]) 10:47, 23 April 2026 (UTC)

:Thanks for sharing. There is plenty of room for neurodiversity community learning. However, the challenge I think is that the intersection of those interested in (a) ND, and (b) English Wikiversity might be very small (e.g., 1!) at this point in time.
:But don't give up hope. For example, Wikipedia has many more ND-interested editors; maybe consider reaching out to see who might be interested:
:[[w:Category:Wikipedians interested in neurodiversity]]
:You could also start an equivalent category here:
:[[:Category:Wikiversitarians interested in neurodiversity]] -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 04:46, 6 May 2026 (UTC)

== Request for comment (global AI policy) ==

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 00:58, 26 April 2026 (UTC)&lt;/bdi&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=30424282 --&gt;

== Language learning  ==

toki! I am trying to add or see what the toki pona language learning stuff on here is but I don't see anything that is language learning for anything. [[User:Jan Imon|Jan Imon]] ([[User talk:Jan Imon|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jan Imon|contribs]]) 23:13, 2 May 2026 (UTC) —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 17:29, 3 May 2026 (UTC)

:We have language materials ([[:Category:Languages]], [[World Languages]], [[Portal:Foreign Language Learning]], [[Portal:Multilingual Studies]]). They are not as developed as I think we would all like and there's not any coverage of Toki Pona, but in principle, we could and would like that. You can also see [[:b:Subject:Languages]] at our sister project Wikibooks. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 17:33, 3 May 2026 (UTC)

== Timeline format? ==

I’ve been working on the World War II articles, including the [[World War II/Timeline|timeline]], and is there a specific timeline format that should be used? Right now it’s just a table, and there’s no separation between different periods/phases of the war.

I don’t want to use [[mw:Extension:EasyTimeline]] because this will be displaying dates and not time periods. [[User:PhilDaBirdMan|PhilDaBirdMan]] ([[User talk:PhilDaBirdMan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PhilDaBirdMan|contribs]]) 01:35, 4 May 2026 (UTC)

:I dont think we have a policy or guideline, how to format a timeline. But you may try to browes wikiversity by Google if someone was dealing with this in the past somewhow @[[User:PhilDaBirdMan|PhilDaBirdMan]]. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 12:23, 5 May 2026 (UTC)
::+1 - there's no specific guideline on how to format a timeline, it's really up to you. In my opinion I think the timeline is good. I'd personally bold the dates just to make it easier to separate it from the event description, but that's my personal 2 cents. —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 14:18, 5 May 2026 (UTC)
:::I’ll probably remove links to the dates/years, they’re just Wikipedia pages that shouldn’t be over linked to. [[User:PhilDaBirdMan|PhilDaBirdMan]] ([[User talk:PhilDaBirdMan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PhilDaBirdMan|contribs]]) 00:39, 6 May 2026 (UTC)

== Interface administrator for Codename Noreste ==
{{Archive top|After running for a week, there is clear consensus for [[User:Codename Noreste]] to have Interface admin rights for 120 days; implemented until 10 September, 2026 -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 22:36, 12 May 2026 (UTC)}}

Hello, everyone. I am requesting interface administrator access on this wiki.

The main reasoning is that I would benefit from having the user right &lt;code&gt;editinterface&lt;/code&gt;, which would allow me to make dark mode changes to pages in the MediaWiki namespace, add &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;mw-parser-output&quot;&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; to some interface pages using templates, handle interface-protected edit requests, and similar stuff. Additionally, I have some knowledge of CSS, and I would like to assist with modifying CSS pages whenever necessary, such as moving MediaWiki common.css code to TemplateStyles CSS pages.

I am requesting the maximum time that is allowed per the [[Wikiversity:Interface administrators|policy]], and I have 2FA enabled on my account. Thank you. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 00:55, 6 May 2026 (UTC)

*{{support}} Globally trusted user. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 01:07, 6 May 2026 (UTC)
*{{support}} Trusted and knowledgeable. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 04:35, 6 May 2026 (UTC)
*{{support}} WV would benefit from this. —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 08:32, 6 May 2026 (UTC)
*{{support}} --[[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 09:13, 7 May 2026 (UTC)

:{{Comment}} Could @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] delete [[MediaWiki:Gadget-WikiSign.js]], which was requested to be deleted @[[User:Koavf|Justin]], @[[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]], @[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]]? I dont think we need it. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 07:40, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
::Yes - clearly no longer used -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 10:18, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
::: I can't delete it because I don't have the required permissions to do so.
::: On a side note, if this project has a need for permanent interface administrators, I would suggest that we have a minimum of two IAs, similar to how there must be two CUs and/or suppressors (or none). Maybe Koavf can be a good candidate if I am elected for permanent interface adminship, and I believe that permission shouldn't be removed from someone's own account. Instead, a bureaucrat should do it. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 13:20, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
::::I am willing and happy to do it, unfortunately, we do not have an appetite for indef IAs and just had a discussion that resulted in a [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity:Interface_administrators&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=2807543 consensus that we can have IAs that have the user rights for 14 to 120 days]. So once you have the rights, please make sure to gopher it. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 17:54, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
:::::@[[User:Koavf|Koavf]] give it time. Look at me, I was in favor of shorter time, now I am looking back to times, when custodians could do it without the need of extra flag. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 18:31, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
::::::Here's hoping. I think it would reduce administrative overhead, but that's just me and I'm not a bureaucrat here. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 18:33, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
::::Complicated. Where are the times, admins could do everything! [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 18:27, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
{{archive bottom}}

== [[Wikiversity:Bureaucratship]] to become a policy ==
{{archive top|'''Approved - now a policy'''. 5 supports + 1 nominator. No objections.}}
Following the recent approval of [[Wikiversity:Curators]] as a policy, I think [[Wikiversity:Bureaucratship]] may also be ready for policy status.

Please share your views about whether bureaucratship is ready to become a policy, or whether further revisions are needed.

-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 13:58, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
: I added a logo about that user group, but other than that, it looks good to me. {{support}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 14:38, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
:I think that the consensus on this policy is proven by years of using it without further changes. But I I have to say weather I agree with this to become a policy, than of course {{support}}. It works and there were no major issues with it. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 18:45, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
:{{support}} no issues. —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 14:51, 10 May 2026 (UTC)
:{{support}} [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 12:37, 11 May 2026 (UTC)
:{{support}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 06:51, 12 May 2026 (UTC)
{{archive bottom}}

== Reminder about custodian-related pages ==

I would like to remind the community about what the following custodian pages are:
* [[Wikiversity:Request custodian action]] is for requesting actions to be done by custodians, and
* [[Wikiversity:Notices for custodians]] is for notices of interest to custodians, like an administrator's noticeboard
Thank you. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 14:12, 12 May 2026 (UTC)

:Thanks - I needed this reminder :) -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 22:21, 12 May 2026 (UTC)

== [[MediaWiki:Protectedpagetext#Protected edit request on 11 December 2025]] ==

I posted an edit request there 5 months ago, so I’ll be taking it to this page. [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-28640-56|&amp;#126;2026-28640-56]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2026-28640-56|talk]]) 23:33, 12 May 2026 (UTC)

:What exactly is the problem? I don't understand what needs to change and why. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 23:35, 12 May 2026 (UTC)
: Pinging @[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]], @[[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] and @[[User:Juandev|Juandev]] for further input. Someone is requesting a modification to [[MediaWiki:Protectedpagetext]] to use {{tlx|Protected page text}}, but we might need to discuss whether to use the template. In the meantime, I'll start a sandbox version of the protected page text template. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 23:19, 14 May 2026 (UTC)
::Sounds good -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 04:13, 15 May 2026 (UTC)

== Create a pseudo-bot user group? ==

I would like to propose adding a new user group to Wikiversity: Pseudo-bot (&lt;code&gt;flood&lt;/code&gt;). This will allow users to perform repetitive actions without flushing the recent changes feed (with only the &lt;code&gt;bot&lt;/code&gt; user right). However, I would suggest that for the pseudo-bot user group:
* It can be granted and revoked by custodians. However, can curators add and remove pseudo-bot from their own accounts (and not others)?
* Users can remove themselves from it.
* A guideline might be necessary about the information and usage of it.
Thoughts? [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 03:31, 14 May 2026 (UTC)

:This sounds good. Which other wiki could we model this user group on? e.g., [[b:Wikibooks:Pseudo-bots]]? -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 04:19, 15 May 2026 (UTC)
::@[[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] Wikiquote has a similar group: [[:wikiquote:Special:ListGroupRights]] [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 04:25, 15 May 2026 (UTC)

== Coming over From wikinews ==
Any chance someone could help me if you are allowed to write news articles here since wikinews is going read only mode soon, thank you! [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BigKrow|contribs]]) 22:43, 1 May 2026 (UTC)

:The scope of Wikiversity is very broad and is basically about more-or-less any learning material. We have made it a point to not have duplicative content of other WMF projects, but since Wikinews is being shuttered, I personally am fine with writing news articles here. One thing that is not controversial at all is a learning resource &lt;em&gt;about&lt;/em&gt; how to write news: that could be hugely useful here and could involve the process of writing news stories to learn and to share back and forth with an editor or fact-checker. In fact, I'd support an entire namespace dedicated to keeping the notion of Wikinews alive here. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 23:38, 1 May 2026 (UTC)
::Thank you so much! How do I start? Cheers! @[[User:Koavf|Koavf]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BigKrow|contribs]]) 01:07, 2 May 2026 (UTC)
:::I think it's premature to start just making news articles en masse, but if you want to start discussing the topic of citizen journalism, you can do that now. [[:Category:Journalism]] already has some material, so you can start by seeing what we already have, how you can refine that, etc. You can definitely have learning resources with collaborators who want to learn about journalism ASAP. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 01:24, 2 May 2026 (UTC)
::::thanks. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BigKrow|contribs]]) 01:38, 2 May 2026 (UTC)
::::If I could try and start one News Article could you please tell me how to go about it? Like what style of writing like Wikinews or something else? Thank you Justin! @[[User:Koavf|Koavf]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BigKrow|contribs]]) 01:48, 2 May 2026 (UTC)
:::::Honestly, there are very few policies and guidelines here. I think the best way to write a news story would be in a manner that is obvious and instructive. So, for instance, it's common to use the &quot;pyramid style&quot; when you're writing news, so if you were to write a story that makes it very clear that you are using that approach, that would be helpful. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 02:08, 2 May 2026 (UTC)
::::::cool thanks. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BigKrow|contribs]]) 02:13, 2 May 2026 (UTC)
::::::im ready to write @[[User:Koavf|Koavf]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BigKrow|contribs]]) 21:30, 13 May 2026 (UTC)
:::::::I think we should get more local consensus for a big project like including the entirety of the scope of Wikinews here. Again, I support it personally. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 21:55, 13 May 2026 (UTC)
::::::::ok lets begin. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BigKrow|contribs]]) 22:15, 13 May 2026 (UTC)

== Proposal to rehost Wikinews here ==

As many of you know, and mentioned here at the Colloquium, our sister project Wikinews recently closed, with all 31 active editions made read-only. [[User:BigKrow]] has asked about the prospect of writing news stories here and I suggested that since we already have [[School:Journalism]] and some resources related to the [[:Category:Journalism|broader topic of journalism]]. I would like to propose that we have continued and indefinite space for {{w|citizen journalism}} by essentially repurposing Wikinews into a sub-project here. The only special infrastructure that Wikinews required was [[:mw:Extension:DynamicPageList]], which was deactivated and caused issues due to a lack of maintenance.

I will add this proposal to the site banner, but I recognize that that may be a conflict of interest, so if anyone requests that I remove it, I will. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 05:30, 14 May 2026 (UTC)
:I would like to see this conversation go for at least 30 days to establish a consensus. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 05:35, 14 May 2026 (UTC)

===Votes===
*{{support}} as proposer (with BK's inspiration). I think that an ongoing experiment in citizen journalism is a fit and appropriate use of this site. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 05:35, 14 May 2026 (UTC)
*{{support}}, hope to seeing ideas about this, and thank you @[[User:Koavf|Koavf]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BigKrow|contribs]]) 11:08, 14 May 2026 (UTC)
*{{support}} Other than perhaps inflating the total number of pages reported, I see the idea of &quot;practicing journalism&quot; a worthy and relevant activity within the domain of Wikiversity. [[User:IanVG|IanVG]] ([[User talk:IanVG|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/IanVG|contribs]]) 21:41, 14 May 2026 (UTC)
*{{support}} Conditional on development of (a) community guidelines that ensure alignment with Wikiversity's purpose, and (b) clear, nested page-naming structures for projects. More detail below. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:48, 15 May 2026 (UTC)
*{{contra}} This proposal doesn't seem interested in expanding educational materials in journalism, but rather in providing space and protection for Wikinews contributors. But this is contrary to the goals of Wikiversity, and I'm not sure it's a good idea, even with regard to WMF. If WMF decides to close a project and another community lets it run on its domain, that's a bit of an undermining of WMF's and the community's decisions. Given that Wikiversity has had several conflicts with other communities and WMF in its history, I'm against it.--[[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 18:59, 15 May 2026 (UTC)

===Comments and questions===
:Definitely worthy of discussion, so I have no problem with the proposal in the sitenotice.
:Initial questions:
:* Does this proposal include importing English Wikinews content e.g., to [[Wikinews]] subpages?
:* What are &quot;active editions&quot;?
:* How can Wikiversity navigate the concerns that lead to the closure of Wikinews?
:* Are any changes to the scope of Wikinews proposed?
:* How does [[Wikinews]] fit with the [[Wikiversity:Mission]]? What aligns well? Where might there be tension?
:** e.g., I'm not sure that a page like [[Story/Manchester City moves two points behind Arsenal]] in and of itself will serve as an educational resource.
:-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 05:52, 14 May 2026 (UTC)
:* Does this proposal include importing English Wikinews content e.g., to [[Wikinews]] subpages?
::*No, not at this time.
:* What are &quot;active editions&quot;?
::*There were 30 other active editions of Wikinews in addition to English (e.g. [[:n:es:]]) at the time of universal closure (2026-05-04).
:* How can Wikiversity navigate the concerns that lead to the closure of Wikinews?
::*One of the biggest issues was the problems with DPL, which is now irrelevant. Another was the lack of activity, which can be ameliorated by having it be part of an existing project instead of its own domain (e.g. some editions of Wikipedia host their own Wikinews already and those projects were not impacted by the closure).
:* Are any changes to the scope of Wikinews proposed?
::*Not at this juncture. I would also propose as far as implemention goes that we would request a new namespace and that the material be more-or-less sequestered into its own ongoing project, like Wikijournal is or like the Cookbook and Wikijunior are at our sister [[:b:]].
:* How does [[Wikinews]] fit with the [[Wikiversity:Mission]]? What aligns well? Where might there be tension?
:** e.g., I'm not sure that a page like [[Story/Manchester City moves two points behind Arsenal]] in and of itself will serve as an educational resource.
::*The process of citizen journalists practicing their craft in real-time and collaborating with others to do so is itself an education activity. We would essentially be hosting a real-time experiment in citizen journalism, online communities, and collaborative learning in addition to the prospect of spreading educational information from someone actually reading the news. I would propose that we could also make a more deliberate attempt to engage with learning &lt;em&gt;about&lt;/em&gt; what does and doesn't work with collaborative news writing by experimentation (e.g. audio news, syndicating to other sites, incorporating freely-licensed news from other sources, writing hyper-local news, writing briefs versus longer-term reportage) and also seeing if the problems noted in the Task Force report that recommended closure can be overcome. Note that we have already done some local investigation about and learning about wiki-based journalism on Wikinews here at [[Journalism studies and Wikinews]]. We could continue that learning and refine the process, including incorporating journalism students from universities. As for tensions, Wikinews is the only sister project that must be done with a quick turn-around: if you take a long time to [[:s:|transcribe a book]], that's just how long it takes, but if you take a long time to write news, it ceases to be news entirely. Wikiversity has been a very slow-growing project that has definitely had some successes but has generally come together over a long period with most learning resources being individual passion projects (or sometimes, frankly, crankery) which would not work with collaborative news that requires more than just a single editor writing whatever he feels like.
::Please let me know any other questions/concerns and any other editors feel free to give your own perspective. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 06:13, 14 May 2026 (UTC)
:::Thanks, Justin — it is food for thought.
:::In attempting to understand how we've arrived here, I've summarised some of the background on this page: [[Wikinews]].
:::Perhaps it could be helpful to flesh out more of the vision / ideas / possibilities / challenges on that page? -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:49, 14 May 2026 (UTC)

:::*Having given it some thought, in principle, I support hosting [[citizen journalism]] on Wikiversity where it is clearly connected to a learning project and/or constitutes original research, both of which align strongly with [[Wikiversity:Mission|Wikiversity’s educational mission]].
:::*My chief concern is the potential for news content that is not clearly linked to the purpose of Wikiversity. To avoid this, some community-agreed guidelines would be prudent. These need not be overly restrictive; they should support boldness and experimentation while helping ensure alignment with Wikiversity's purpose.
:::*Given the reported low and declining activity on Wikinews, it seems unlikely that English Wikiversity would be overwhelmed by an influx of news-related editing. My impression is that English Wikinews was the most active edition, but even so, many contributors are likely to disperse to other projects or cease editing altogether. A modest migration of interested editors to Wikiversity seems manageable.
:::*At this stage, I do not think a dedicated namespace is necessary. Subpages under [[Wikinews]] or nested pages under relevant learning or research projects, or user-space draft pages should be suitable. I agree that [[Wikijournal]] offers a useful model, as do several existing course structures on Wikiversity.
:::*I support [[User:Koavf]]’s suggestions about framing Wikinews activity explicitly around learning. This would create a distinctive space for experimenting with collaborative news production in ways that are pedagogically meaningful. I agree that the [[journalism studies and Wikinews]] project developed by David and Leigh Blackall through the University of Wollongong is an excellent example of the intersection between Wikiversity and Wikinews. The [[Wikinews]] page could evolve into a hub for such projects.
:::*I've tidied the [[:Category:Wikinews|Wikinews category]] and merged some content into the [[Wikinews]] page. As part of a reinvigoration effort, please review these and related resources such as [[:Category:Journalism]] and [[School:Journalism]].
:::*A further argument in favour of this initiative is that Wikipedia explicitly excludes both news reporting and original research. So, there is value in maintaining spaces within the Wikimedia ecosystem where these forms of knowledge production can be openly developed and curated. Such work can, in turn, generate valuable evidence and source material that may later inform Wikipedia articles.
:::*The closure of WMF-hosted Wikinews does not imply that open wiki-based news curation lacks value. Indeed, the closure documentation appears supportive of experimentation with alternative news models across Wikimedia projects, including through Wikipedia and Wikidata. In that context, Wikiversity seems a natural home for a Wikinews experiment, provided it is clearly grounded in learning and/or research.
:::-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:39, 15 May 2026 (UTC)
My understanding towards Wikinews' failure is that everything takes too long to be approved for the publish status, which means that any breaking news would have already become days-old stale news. Wikinews has a brand recognition (for right or wrong reasons) than Wikiversity and I wonder how effective Wikiversity can attract the &quot;Wikinews refugees&quot; to edit here. And just a quick note on the governance. Since each Wikiversity language operates independently, each language has to vote &amp; adopt this proposal independently. [[User:OhanaUnited|&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0000FF;&quot;&gt;OhanaUnited&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;]][[User talk:OhanaUnited|&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;Talk page&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;]] 13:47, 15 May 2026 (UTC)

:Your assessment about Wikinews is partially correct. I referenced it earlier, but to be explicit, there is a [[:m:Proposal for Closing Wikinews|report by a task force on sister projects]] that outlines their concerns. There are a few, one of which was the nature of the staleness of news. Thanks also for clarifying that this proposal is only relevant to en.wv and is not binding or even proposed for other editions of Wikiversity. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 18:54, 15 May 2026 (UTC)

== Inactivity policy for Curators ==

I was wondering if there is a specific inactivity polity for curators (semi-admins) as I am pretty sure the global policy does not apply to them as they are not ''fully'' sysops. [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 03:20, 15 February 2026 (UTC)

:Unfortunately, I don't see an inactivity policy, but if we were to create such a new policy for curators, it should be the same for custodians (administrators). [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 18:45, 15 February 2026 (UTC)
::@[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] There is currently none, that I could find, for custodians either. [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 00:47, 17 February 2026 (UTC)
:::I think we should propose a local inactivity policy for custodians (and by extension, curators), which should be at least one year without any edits ''and'' logged actions. However, I don't know which page should it be when the inactivity removal procedure starts. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 00:53, 17 February 2026 (UTC)
::::@[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] In theory, there should be a section added at [[WV:Candidates for custodianship]] [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 00:55, 17 February 2026 (UTC)
::::: To be consistent with the [[meta:Admin activity review|global period of 2 years inactivity]] for en.wv  [[Wikiversity:Custodianship#Notes|Custodians]] and [[Wikiversity:Bureaucratship#How are bureaucrats removed?|Bureaucrats]] we could add something like this to [[Wikiversity:Curators]]:
::::::The maximum time period of inactivity &lt;u&gt;without community review&lt;/u&gt; for curators is two years (consistent with  the [[:meta:Category:Global policies|global policy]] described at [[meta:Admin activity review|Admin activity review]] which applies for [[Wikiversity:Custodianship#Notes|Custodians]] and [[Wikiversity:Bureaucratship|Bureaucrats]]). After that time a custodian will remove the rights.
::::: -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 10:51, 27 March 2026 (UTC)
:::::Yup, I agree with Jtneill, there is a policy proposal for Wikiversity:Curators, where it should be logically deployed. The question is if we are ready to aprove the policy. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 17:43, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
:::::: I agree, but we should notify the colloquium about inactive curators, just like a steward would do for inactive custodians and bureaucrats per [[:m:Admin activity review|AAR]]. What is the minimum timeframe an inactive curator should receive so they can respond they would keep their rights? [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 17:49, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
:I incorporated these suggestions into the proposed curators policy. Please review/comment/improve. Summary: 2 years, notify curator's user page, then remove rights after 1 month: [[Wikiversity:Curators#Inactivity]]. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 08:59, 24 April 2026 (UTC)
:: @[[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] I created [[Template:Inactive curator]] for this. Feel free to make any changes or improvements. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 14:29, 24 April 2026 (UTC)
:::Wondering, should we also have:
:::* {{tl|Inactive custodian}}
:::* {{tl|Inactive bureaucrat}}
:::or perhaps just a single template with a parameter(s) for the user right(s)/role(s)? e.g., 
:::* if a custodian is inactive for 2 years, then custodian and curator rights are to be removed and 
:::* if a bureaucrat is inactive for 2 years, then bureaucrat, custodian, and curator rights are to to be removed.
:::-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 09:58, 13 May 2026 (UTC)
:::: I would probably modify that template when we actually develop our own inactivity policy, because we're currently under the AAR (a steward notifies the colloquium with [[m:Admin activity review/Notice to communities]], and inactive advanced right holders with [[m:Admin activity review/Notice to inactive right holders]]). [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:16, 13 May 2026 (UTC)
:::::Ah, I see. Yes, that makes sense. Thankyou. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 04:21, 15 May 2026 (UTC)
: In that case, should we develop our own inactivity policy (e.g. on [[Wikiversity:Inactivity policy]] or [[Wikiversity:Support staff/Inactivity]])? I would list the general inactivity part, the process, etc. Once it's approved as a policy, I will [[m:Stewards' noticeboard|notify the stewards]]. Thoughts? [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:30, 16 May 2026 (UTC)
::Originally, I would have thought that, for a small wiki like en.wv, it made sense to leave inactivity monitoring to the stewards. However, with the creation of the curator user group, we have already taken on local responsibility for monitoring inactivity in at least one advanced-rights group. Extending this to custodians and bureaucrats would not add much additional overhead and would provide a more consistent and transparent local administrative process.
::One option would be to develop a single, centralised policy covering all advanced-rights groups.
::An alternative would be to include an ==Inactivity== section on each relevant policy page (e.g., we already have [[Wikiversity:Curatorship#Inactivity]], but not yet in the custodianship, and bureaucratship policy pages). This approach would allow some flexibility because different user groups may warrant different criteria (such as inactivity thresholds, qualifying activity, or review procedures).
::A hybrid approach may be best: maintain separate inactivity sections within each user-group policy page, while transcluding these into a central overview page such as Codename Noreste suggests. This would preserve clarity at the local policy level while also providing a single reference point for consistency and oversight. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 23:09, 16 May 2026 (UTC)
::: I would suggest we develop a centralized inactivity policy page, and include a short summarized section of that page, on the support staff user group pages. We must also include a link to that policy page if we were to add &lt;nowiki&gt;== Inactivity ==&lt;/nowiki&gt; to each of those user group pages. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:48, 17 May 2026 (UTC)

== Inactive curators ==

Hello, even though [[Wikiversity:Curators]] is not a policy yet, there are curators listed here that have been inactive for two years or more:
* {{user|Cody naccarato}} (last edit on 13 Dec 2022, last logged action on 10 Dec 2022)
* {{user|Praxidicae}} (last edit on 10 Sep 2022, last logged action on 12 Sep 2022)
[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 21:14, 19 April 2026 (UTC)

:Yup, I would remove the rights. To get the rights back if theyll come back should not be a big deal. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 20:08, 24 April 2026 (UTC)
:: When they don't reply by May 19, feel free (or any custodian) to do so. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 00:28, 25 April 2026 (UTC)

==Curator inactivity review==
These curators haven't been active for &gt; 2 years. As per the [[Wikiversity:Curatorship|curatorship policy]]:
* [[Special:Log/Cody naccarato]] was notified on their talk page by [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] on 24 Apr 2026
* [[Special:Log/Praxidicae]] was notified on their talk page by [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] on 24 Apr 2026
* [[Special:Log/Tegel]] was notified on their talk page by [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] notified their talk page on 16 May 2026

The policy allows a month to hear from these users. If no response, a custodian will remove their curator rights.

-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 06:14, 16 May 2026 (UTC)
: For Cody naccarato and Praxidicae, their rights are to be removed by the 19th of May if they don't respond either here or on their talk page. For Tegel, the removal will happen on the 16th of June, probably. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:13, 16 May 2026 (UTC)
::Should be 24 May for Cody naccarato and Praxidicae? -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 23:11, 16 May 2026 (UTC)
::: I made [[#Inactive curators]] on the 19th of April. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 03:18, 17 May 2026 (UTC)
::::OK, I see (had missed that thread, sorry - I've now moved the the 3 inactivity topics to be adjacent).
::::I'm thinking the curator policy indicates one month from user talk page notification? -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 06:44, 17 May 2026 (UTC)
::::: Yes. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:49, 17 May 2026 (UTC)

== [[Wikiversity:Deletion policy]] proposed as policy ==

[[Wikiversity:Deletions]] has been operating as a [[Wikiversity:Guidelines|guideline]]. It has been revised and moved to [[Wikiversity:Deletion policy]], consistent with naming conventions used across sister projects such as Wikipedia, Wikibooks, and Wikiquote. The speedy deletion criteria have also been updated for consistency with [[MediaWiki:Deletereason-dropdown]].

This proposal is for the page to be formally adopted as [[Wikiversity:Policies|Wikiversity policy]].

Community feedback is invited, including suggestions for further improvements that may strengthen the proposed policy.

=== Voting ===

=== Comments ===</text>
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== New titles for user right nominations ==
&lt;div class=&quot;cd-moveMark&quot;&gt;''Moved from [[Wikiversity talk:Candidates for Custodianship#New titles for user right nominations]].  [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 23:20, 17 April 2026 (UTC)''&lt;/div&gt;

I would like to propose the following retitles should a user be nominated for any of the following user rights:
* Curator: Candidates for Curatorship
* Bureaucrat: Candidates for Bureaucratship
The reason is that many curator (and probably bureaucrat) requests have run solely under {{tq|Candidates for Custodianship}}, but that title might sound misleading (especially in regards to the permission a user is requesting). CheckUser and Oversight (suppressor) are not included above since no user was nominated for these sensitive permissions, probably. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 01:30, 19 March 2026 (UTC)

:And it's not that when someone at the beginning misplaced the request, no one thought to move it and the others copied it. Even today, it would be possible to simply take it all and move it. Otherwise, for me, the more fundamental problem is that there is [[Wikiversity:Curators|no approved policy for curators]] than where the requests are based. Curators then operate in a certain vacuum and if one of them &quot;breaks out of the chain&quot;, the average user doesn't have many transparent tools to deal with it, because there is no policy. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 07:02, 19 March 2026 (UTC)
::I am not talking about the curator page (policy proposal). [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 19:08, 21 March 2026 (UTC)
: @[[User:Juandev|Juandev]] I'll see if I can do an overhaul of [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Custodianship]], just like I recently did with the Requests for adminship page on English Wikiquote. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 22:17, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
:Yes, great idea - ideally there will be separate &quot;Candidates for ...&quot; pages for each user right group. The most important for now is to separate curator and custodian pages as CN suggests. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:39, 1 May 2026 (UTC)
:So maybe I previously misunderstood. Are you proposing separated pages for nominations (i.e. [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Curatorship]], [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Bureaucratship]], [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Custodianship]])? [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 12:30, 5 May 2026 (UTC)
:: Yes. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 13:33, 5 May 2026 (UTC)
:::I see, then I am fine with that @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]. Sorry for misunderstanding. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 18:35, 9 May 2026 (UTC)

I've split the user rights nomination pages into:
* [[Wikiversity:Candidates for CheckUser]]
* [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Curatorship]]
* [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Custodianship]]
* [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Bureaucratship]]

Please review. There are likely several links to update, text to adjust, categories to manage, short-cuts to fix etc. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 04:22, 10 May 2026 (UTC)

:Thanks, great job @[[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]]. I am wondering if we need to move archived nominations too, or if we are OK with the actual state. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 08:08, 10 May 2026 (UTC)
::Yes, I think that would be helpful. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 10:46, 10 May 2026 (UTC)
:::I can do it @[[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]], I am just looking what system is there. I can see [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Custodianship/Archive of nominations for full custodianship]] which is a good complementary overview to the subpages with full history. The name of the pages is probably stably, but I would consider to create more specific redirect like [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Custodianship/Overview of staff nominations]], which would link to the above one. Then there is a [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Custodianship/Archived]], which are probably incomplete nominations, right? [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 08:37, 11 May 2026 (UTC)
::::Tx @[[User:Juandev|Juandev]]. Yes, this makes sense. And maybe we move:
::::* archived '''curator''' nominations from [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Custodianship/Archive of nominations for full custodianship]] to e.g., [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Curatorship/Archive of nominations]]
::::* archived '''bureaucrat''' nominations from [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Custodianship/Archive of nominations for full custodianship ]] to e.g., [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Bureaucratship/Archive of nominations]]
::::-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 10:12, 11 May 2026 (UTC)
:::::OK. That sounds good. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 07:25, 12 May 2026 (UTC)
:An svg icon for [[Wikiversity:Curatorship|curators]] would also be helpful. We have them for other user rights: [[c:Category:Wikiversity user rights icons]] -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 10:54, 10 May 2026 (UTC)
::Done: [[Wikiversity:Curators]] -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 01:44, 11 May 2026 (UTC)

== Technical Request:  Courtesy link.. ==

[[Template_talk:Information#Background_must_have_color_defined_as_well]] [[User:ShakespeareFan00|ShakespeareFan00]] ([[User talk:ShakespeareFan00|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ShakespeareFan00|contribs]]) 11:43, 20 March 2026 (UTC)
: I can't edit the template directly as it need an sysop/interface admin to do it. [[User:ShakespeareFan00|ShakespeareFan00]] ([[User talk:ShakespeareFan00|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ShakespeareFan00|contribs]]) 11:43, 20 March 2026 (UTC)
:: Also if the Template field of - https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:LintErrors/night-mode-unaware-background-color is examined, there is poential for an admin to clear a substantial proportion of these by implmenting a simmilar fix to the indciated templates (and underlying stylesheets). It would be nice to clear things like Project box and others, as many other templates (and thus pages depend on them.) :)
[[User:ShakespeareFan00|ShakespeareFan00]] ([[User talk:ShakespeareFan00|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ShakespeareFan00|contribs]]) 11:43, 20 March 2026 (UTC)

:I think it would be best to grant you interface admin rights for a short period of time to make these changes. However, I still have doubts about the suitability of this solution, which may cause other problems and no one has explained to me why dark mode has to be implemented this way @[[User:ShakespeareFan00|ShakespeareFan00]]. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 20:43, 20 March 2026 (UTC)

: I would have reservations about holding such rights, which is why I was trying to do what I could without needing them. However if it is the only way to get the required changes made, I would suggest asking on Wikipedia to find technical editors, willing to undertake the changes needed. [[User:ShakespeareFan00|ShakespeareFan00]] ([[User talk:ShakespeareFan00|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ShakespeareFan00|contribs]]) 09:32, 21 March 2026 (UTC)

== WikiEducator has closed ==

Some of you may know of a similar project to Wikiversity, called [https://wikieducator.org/Main_Page WikiEducator], championed by [https://oerfoundation.org/about/staff/wayne-mackintosh/ Wayne Mackintosh][https://www.linkedin.com/posts/waynemackintosh_important-notice-about-the-oer-foundation-activity-7405113051688931329-Nhm9/][https://openeducation.nz/killed-not-starved/].

It seems [https://openeducation.nz/terminating-oer-foundation their foundation has closed] and they are no longer operating.

They had done quite a bit of outreach (e.g., in the Pacific and Africa) to get educators using wiki.

The WikiEducator content is still available in MediaWiki - and potentially could be imported to Wikiversity ([https://wikieducator.org/WikiEducator:Copyrights CC-BY-SA] is the default license).

The closing of WikiEducator arguably makes the nurturing of Wikiversity even more important.

-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 02:09, 1 April 2026 (UTC)

:I was never active there. If anyone has an account or is otherwise in contact, we may want to copy relevant information here or even at [[:outreach:]]. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 04:46, 1 April 2026 (UTC)

:: I reached out to [[User:Mackiwg~enwikiversity|Wayne]] in January, and he responded briefly but positively (while travelling).  I wrote to the low-traffic wikieducator mailing list today and got a nice [https://groups.google.com/g/wikieducator/c/r_yIyUw6ZIA reply] from [[user:SteveFoerster|Steve Foerster]] who's interested in helping. If we can figure out a migration path it would be great to adopt at least the main namespace pages here.  
:: A few questions that come to mind: 
:: - would people want to create matching user accounts
:: - are there any namespaces (user/talk?) that should not be moved over
:: We could look at how this was done for the [[m:Wikivoyage/Migration]] wikivoyage migration. &lt;span style=&quot;padding:0 2px 0 2px;background-color:white;color:#bbb;&quot;&gt;&amp;ndash;[[User:Sj|SJ]][[User Talk:Sj|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#ff9900;&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/span&gt; 04:27, 1 May 2026 (UTC)
:::That's fantastic, SJ, that you've reached out and that Wayne, Steve, and Jim are receptive—and that you can help! -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:52, 1 May 2026 (UTC)
::::A matching accound makes sense to give credits to the original authors and keep a clean chain of versions. The initial commit into wikiversity could have a &quot;marker with timestamp&quot; similar to signature with a reference where the content's source or a Web archive. This would allow authors to continue there work on wikiversity if they wish. [[User:Bert Niehaus|Bert Niehaus]] ([[User talk:Bert Niehaus|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Bert Niehaus|contribs]]) 06:30, 15 May 2026 (UTC)

== Wikinews is ending ==

Apparently mainly due to low editorial activity, low public interest, but also failure to achieve the goals from the proposal for the creation of the project, the Wikinews project is ending after years of discussions ([[Meta:Proposal for Closing Wikinews|some reading]]).

And I would be interested to see how Wikiversity is doing in the monitored metrics. We probably have more editors than Wikinews had, but what about consumers and achieving the goals? [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 19:14, 1 April 2026 (UTC)

:Wikiversity's biggest issue in recent times was the hosting of low-quality, trash content. Thankfully we've done a great job in removing pseudoscience and other embarrassingly trash content (Wikidebates, for example), but the biggest concern moving forward is proper maintenance IMO. I've caught several pseudoscience pages being created within the last few months that could easily have flown under the radar (ex, [[The Kelemen Dilemma: Causal Collapse and Axiomatic Instability]]), so I'd urge our custodians/curators to be on the lookout for this type of content. Usually an AI-overview can point this type of content out relatively well.
:In terms of visibility, I believe Wikiversity is a high-traffic project. I remember my [[Mathematical Properties]] showing up on the first page of Google when searching up &quot;math properties&quot; for the longest time (and is still showing up in the first page 'till this day!). Besides, Wikinews hosted a lot of short-term content (the nature of news articles), while Wikiversity hosts content that can still be useful a decade later (ex, [[A Reader's Guide to Annotation]]). 
:I think we are on a better path than we were a few months ago, and I do want to thank everyone here who has been helping out with maintaining our website! —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 20:48, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
:For what it's worth, the group that did that study has since disbanded, so no one is monitoring the other sister projects in the same way. Additionally, Wikinews had some catastrophic server issues due to the maintenance of [[:m:Extension:DynamicPageList]] which don't apply here. Your questions are still worth addressing, but I just wanted to cut off any concern at the pass about Wikiversity being in the same precarious situation. Wikiversity is definitely the biggest &quot;lagging behind&quot; or &quot;failure&quot; project now that Wikinews is being shuttered, but I don't see any near- or medium-term pathway to closing Wikiversity. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 00:46, 2 April 2026 (UTC)

:[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/News and notes|Entirety of Wikinews to be shut down]] (Wikipedia Signpost) -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 02:03, 11 April 2026 (UTC)

== Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) ==

Hello everyone,

This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as &lt;code&gt;Module:Itemgroup/list&lt;/code&gt;).

'''The Change:'''&lt;br /&gt;
Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. 

We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''.

'''What You Need To Do:'''&lt;br /&gt;
To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search.

'''Deadline:'''&lt;br /&gt;
We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles.

Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 17:11, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&amp;oldid=29941252 --&gt;
:I didnt find such properties, so we are probably fine. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 21:00, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
:: +1 (agreed). [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 22:19, 12 April 2026 (UTC)

== Enable the abuse filter block action? ==

In light of [[Special:AbuseLog/80178]] (coupon spam), I would like to propose enabling the block action for the abuse filter. Only custodians will be able to enable and disable that action on an abuse filter, and it is useful to block ongoing vandalism. Thoughts? [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 19:12, 13 April 2026 (UTC)

:Seems like a good idea, almost all of the users which create such pages are spambots so this shouldn’t be a problem. [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 23:41, 13 April 2026 (UTC)
:Can you explain some more (I am new to abuse filters)? It looks like the attempted edit was prevented? Which abuse filter?
:Note on your suggestion, have also reactivated Antispam Filter 12 - see [[WV:RCA]]. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 10:45, 15 April 2026 (UTC)
:: I am proposing that we activate the abuse filter block action, which if a user triggers an abuse filter, it would actually block the user in question - the same mechanism that a custodian would use to block users. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 13:11, 15 April 2026 (UTC)
:::OK, thankyou, that makes sense. And, reviewing the abuse filter 12 log, it would be helpful because it would prevent the need for manual blocking. But I don't see a setting for autoblocking? -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 23:14, 15 April 2026 (UTC)
:::: I think it probably adds an autoblock. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 00:43, 16 April 2026 (UTC)
: [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] and [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]], given that a little bit more than a week has passed and there is minimal consensus to activate the abuse filter block action, I filed [[phab:T424053]]. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:05, 21 April 2026 (UTC)
::Thank-you for doing this. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 08:03, 24 April 2026 (UTC)

== Advice needed: A Neurodiversity-inspired Idea/observation ==

If I want the greatest participation of others to &quot;provide constructive criticism to my idea&quot; or to &quot;shoot down my idea&quot; or &quot;idea&quot;.

What I've called it so far is &quot;The Neurodiversity-inspired Idea&quot;. At other times I used more sensationalist wording but here on Wikiversity I don't dare do that. I actually woke up with thinking about putting this into my userspace draft: &quot;Personal Observations Made By Meeting Autistic and Non-Autistic Adults&quot;.

My ultimate goal is to stop blathering about my &quot;idea&quot; to friend and family without feeling my &quot;methodology&quot; is going into any progressive direction whatsoever. My latest encounter was somewhat constructive though. A friend of a friend who worked with people presenting ideas in attempting to getting grants. I don't want a grant. I just want to figure out how I can express my &quot;idea&quot; in a way so that I can more clearly figure out what flaws it got.

At the same time I tend to overthink. If anyone thinks etherpad might be a good place and considering Wikimedia already got an etherpad at https://etherpad.wikimedia.org/ if anyone feels like they know me better in the future feel free to suggest a &quot;session&quot; on etherpad.

'''If I don't receive a reply to this in 1 week's time I will begin to explore this &quot;idea&quot; into my userspace''' unless you replied and refrained me from doing so, of course. Then maybe after &quot;developing it there&quot; I might reference it to you another future time here in the Colloquium, with my &quot;idea&quot; still in my userspace draft. This &quot;idea&quot; is sort of a burden, I'm happy I've made the choice to get rid of it and hopefully move on with my life, unless there is something to this &quot;idea&quot;. 

My failure is probably evident: I feel I haven't told you anything. Same happened to when I talked to friends and family. In danger of overthinking it further I'll publish this right now. I need to &quot;keep it together&quot; [[User:ThinkingScience|ThinkingScience]] ([[User talk:ThinkingScience|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ThinkingScience|contribs]]) 10:36, 16 April 2026 (UTC)

:Good on you putting it out there ... and hitting publish :). I'd say go for it (no need to wait), give birth to your idea and share about it here and elsewhere. Let it take shape and see where it might go. In many ways, this is exactly what an open collaborative learning community should be doing. Others might not know well how to respond, so perhaps consider creating some questions to accompany the idea. Sincerely, James -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:21, 16 April 2026 (UTC)
::Thank you for encouraging me in developing the idea.
::I have created a &quot;questions&quot; section in the draft which is visible in the table of contents now. My brain was &quot;frozen&quot; today metaphorically speaking in that I felt I had like a &quot;writer's block&quot; so the draft has more &quot;AI/LLM&quot; content than before. I used the LLM for generating questions. The answers are so far human-only.
::I've also created a subsection where I could add the prompts that made the LLM generate the questions. That could help people make better prompts perhaps. I've described what it is about inside of it and there are some chaotically written notes.
::[[Draft:The_Neurodiversity-inspired_Idea#Questions_that_might_encourage_the_development_of_this_idea_and_its_methodology]]
::My draft is missing stuff. Any questions that you contribute to my draft will probably help me and if I don't understand the questions I'll probably notify you and also at the same time &quot;feed them&quot; to an LLM and ask in my input like &quot;explain in simple words what this question means, what is it searching for?&quot; etc. while I wait for an answer. If you have any more feedback please give it to me here or on the Draft page, its talk page or my user talk page. Thank you for helping me! [[User:ThinkingScience|ThinkingScience]] ([[User talk:ThinkingScience|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ThinkingScience|contribs]]) 21:20, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
::Today I woke up with not only thinking about supplying questions along with the &quot;idea&quot; but also answers. ie. Is it possible to &quot;test&quot; this idea? Is it possible to create one or multiple hypotheses based on this &quot;idea&quot;?(etc.) I've thought about this before in this &quot;idea&quot; but since I'm beginning to add to Wikiversity what was previously 'locked in my mind' it's also easier for me to see what I've done so far. Thank you for this comment! [[User:ThinkingScience|ThinkingScience]] ([[User talk:ThinkingScience|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ThinkingScience|contribs]]) 09:11, 23 April 2026 (UTC)
:May I think that you should not add deadlines ; being read, and rising interest for collaboration, or even simply for exchange of thoughts, such an effective meeting event loads a huge bunch of unprobability, which time can help to… somehow diminish. Maybe, I would advice you having a central place for developping your ideas, your needs, your advances, maybe a page in your own user zone, and from time to time, depending your feeling, it could be every trimester or so, or more frequently, you could write a short account of progress (or even of no progress), or a call for participation, in such a place as this present one ; I think that will increase much exposure of your projet. Maybe also, if you can find a project name, not necessarily very meaningfull by itseilf (at least it will gain signification with time, as your project develops), that will serve as a kind-of hook, and make your announcement titles more visible. Best regards (and my excuses for my poor command of English, which seems to be unplease an anti-abuse filter, &quot;Questionable Language (profanity)&quot;, which I don't understand…). My few cents. --  [[User:Eric.LEWIN|Eric.LEWIN]] ([[User talk:Eric.LEWIN|discussion]] • [[Special:Contributions/Eric.LEWIN|contributions]]) 10:06, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
::Sorry about the false positive on the profanity filter - I've fixed it. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 10:26, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
:::&quot;May I think that you should not add deadlines ; being read, and rising interest for collaboration, or even simply for exchange of thoughts, such an effective meeting event loads a huge bunch of unprobability, which time can help to… somehow diminish.&quot;
::Thank you Eric for this comment. Trust in time is how I interpret it. I should not feel like I need to be in a hurry. I'll try to give this time. Thank you!
:::&quot;Maybe, I would advice you having a central place for developping your ideas, your needs, your advances, maybe a page in your own user zone, and from time to time, depending your feeling, it could be every trimester or so, or more frequently, you could write a short account of progress (or even of no progress), or a call for participation, in such a place as this present one ; I think that will increase much exposure of your projet.&quot;
::A central place for developing or making &quot;project notes&quot; regarding the Neurodiversity idea on my userspace, I might need that, like a diary or &quot;project notes&quot; of the Neurodiversity idea similar to my course notes regarding my experience with Coursera.
::Any actions I take are going to be related to my Userspace from now on but I'll also update the draft when necessary. Now in the beginning I might be working daily to once every 3 days on both the draft and the daily notes I plan to make.
:::&quot;Maybe also, if you can find a project name, not necessarily very meaningfull by itseilf (at least it will gain signification with time, as your project develops), that will serve as a kind-of hook, and make your announcement titles more visible.&quot;
::Thank you for the advice. I was brainstorming yesterday about it. I concluded that since I've not yet developed a methodology that adheres to &quot;Do no harm&quot; and this is my first time working my &quot;idea&quot; into a way that is compatible with how projects develop on English Wikiversity this is new to me. My methodology isn't developed and therefore trying to get attention to my project through a name can wait. Yesterday I figured out a silly title that has nothing to do with the project: &quot;Planetary Awareness Potato Cabbage Rolls&quot; or something like that. Google output read that no such thing exists so I wanted it mainly to be unique. I don't want to raise attention that I'm unsure whether I'll actually be capable of developing a methodology for but project notes is my best bet so far in tracking my progress. Every day I think about this &quot;idea&quot; but I need to improve the important parts.
:::&quot;Best regards (and my excuses for my poor command of English, which seems to be unplease an anti-abuse filter, &quot;Questionable Language (profanity)&quot;, which I don't understand…). My few cents.&quot;
::You added great points and I felt that I was helped by you! I encourage you to post again and I can understand that interacting with any kind of automated filter can be discouraging and can be for me too! Thank you for giving me feedback! [[User:ThinkingScience|ThinkingScience]] ([[User talk:ThinkingScience|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ThinkingScience|contribs]]) 16:01, 18 April 2026 (UTC)

== Add some user rights to the curator user group? ==

By default, only custodians have the ability to mark new pages as patrolled (&lt;code&gt;patrol&lt;/code&gt;) and have their own page creations automatically marked as patrolled (&lt;code&gt;autopatrol&lt;/code&gt;). I am proposing both of the following:
* Curators can mark new pages as patrolled, helping on reducing the backlog of new, unpatrolled pages.
* New pages made by curators will be automatically marked as patrolled by the MediaWiki software.
Before we implement this, I would suggest implementing a proposed guideline for marking new pages as patrolled for curators and custodians.

Thoughts? [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:32, 17 April 2026 (UTC)

:Agree, &lt;s&gt;also can we also allow curators to undelete pages since they already have the rights to delete them?&lt;/s&gt; [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 02:54, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
::I think the requirement that undelete NOT be included came from above (meta / stewards / central office). Having access to the undelete page gives access to information that is restricted by their policies to admins (custodians and bureaucrats). -- [[User:Dave Braunschweig|Dave Braunschweig]] ([[User talk:Dave Braunschweig|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dave Braunschweig|contribs]]) 20:12, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
::: [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]], unless if requests for curator and custodian should be RfA-like processes (that is, including voting and comments), then I have to agree with Dave above. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 22:03, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
::::Oh, I didn’t realise that. Withdrawing my comment.. [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 00:08, 19 April 2026 (UTC)
:{{support}} Seems reasonable and would reduce overhead. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 14:35, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
:'''Agree''', implement it also to [[Wikiversity:Curators]] proposal please. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 17:11, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
: I went ahead and filed [[phab:T424445]]. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:39, 26 April 2026 (UTC)

== [[Wikiversity:Curators|Curators and curators policy]] ==
{{archive top|There is strong consensus, so [[Wikiversity:Curators]] is now a policy. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:15, 9 May 2026 (UTC)}}
How does it come, that Wikiversity has curators, but Curators policy is still being proposed? How do the curators exists and act if the policy about them havent been approved yet? [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 18:33, 16 October 2025 (UTC)

:It looks as if it is not just curators. The policy on Bureaucratship is still being proposed as well. See [[Wikiversity:Bureaucratship]]. —[[User:RailwayEnthusiast2025|&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Verdana; color:#008000; text-shadow:gray 0.2em 0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;RailwayEnthusiast2025&lt;/span&gt;]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:RailwayEnthusiast2025|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#59a53f&quot;&gt;''talk with me!''&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 18:33, 27 October 2025 (UTC)

:I think its just the nature of a small WMF sister project in that there are lots of drafts, gaps, and potential improvements. In this case, these community would need to vote on those proposed Wikiversity staff policies if we think they're ready. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 02:08, 3 December 2025 (UTC)
:What? I thought you were getting it approved, Juandev... :) [[User:I&amp;#39;m Mr. Chris|I&amp;#39;m Mr. Chris]] ([[User talk:I&amp;#39;m Mr. Chris|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/I&amp;#39;m Mr. Chris|contribs]]) 14:20, 12 February 2026 (UTC)
::Yeah I think this one is important too and we need to aprove it too @[[User:I'm Mr. Chris|I'm Mr. Chris]]. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 15:56, 12 February 2026 (UTC)
:::I thinks its ready to made into a policy, it seems to be complete and informative about what the rights does and how to get it. [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 03:08, 15 February 2026 (UTC)
::::Agree -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:00, 27 March 2026 (UTC)

Let's make this the official discussion about adopting the [[Wikiversity:Curators|curators policy]] policy. Your comments are invited and welcome. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 08:40, 24 April 2026 (UTC)
: There were two similar Colloquium threads in separate places about the proposed curators policy. So I've moved them to be adjacent. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 12:42, 1 May 2026 (UTC)
{{archive bottom}}

== Wikiversity:Curators to become a policy ==
{{archive top|There is strong consensus, so [[Wikiversity:Curators]] is now a policy. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:16, 9 May 2026 (UTC)}}
I've looked at the discussions about the Curators policy, I've looked at the practices, and it seems to me that there is no dispute about the wording of the policy, and what's more, the community has been using this proposal as if it were an offical policy for several years. Therefore, I propose that [[Wikiversity:Curators]] become a policy. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 18:35, 18 April 2026 (UTC)

:{{support}} —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 18:54, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
:{{support}} —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 20:21, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
: {{support|Yes, please}}. Especially after when I and PieWriter proposed above, I agree. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 14:27, 24 April 2026 (UTC)
:: @[[User:Juandev|Juandev]]; as of now, curators now have the user rights &lt;code&gt;autopatrol&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;patrol&lt;/code&gt;. Perhaps we should also include that in [[Wikiversity:Custodianship]]? [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 12:07, 30 April 2026 (UTC)
:::You meant [[Wikiversity:Curators]] @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]? [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 12:15, 5 May 2026 (UTC)
:::: I agree that we must develop what rules curators should follow when marking new pages as patrolled; the same can be added for custodians since they can also mark new pages as patrolled. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 13:37, 5 May 2026 (UTC)
:::::I see, well I think you can just add this to the policy. It is not major change and it probably reflects actual practice or actual technical possibilities for those flags. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 09:20, 7 May 2026 (UTC)
:{{support}} -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 12:42, 1 May 2026 (UTC)
:{{Support}} per nom. [[User:PhilDaBirdMan|PhilDaBirdMan]] ([[User talk:PhilDaBirdMan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PhilDaBirdMan|contribs]]) 13:32, 1 May 2026 (UTC)
{{Archive bottom}}

== Is anyone interested in Neurodiversity? ==

Is anyone interested in Neurodiversity? Is there anyone here who is interested for Neurodiversity to be &quot;something more&quot; than it already is? Does anyone here consider Neurodiversity one of the &quot;harder topics&quot; to work on or discuss? Does anyone here have an opinion about the [[Neurodiversity Movement]]? So these questions don't appear like &quot;out of a vacuum&quot; I can tell you a bit about my background:

Many years ago I got a psychiatric diagnosis &quot;Asperger's&quot;. After I stepped out of the office and my Äsperger's was 'concluded', I stepped out into the street and thought my first negative thought(but the positive thought followed after). The thought was about concentration camps in the second world war and that the world seemed to be going into the direction of &quot;labeling others&quot;. I was unsure whether this was &quot;real science&quot; and sort of &quot;challenged myself&quot; to make up my own mind after meeting people that had been given this diagnosis. The more adults with this diagnosis I met the more I started seeing &quot;patterns&quot;.

Was it a coincidence that the first person with Asperger's I met reminded me about my father later after I had plenty of times of experience with interacting with him? None of the people I interacted with online through IRC text chat...I felt I got any clue about how &quot;their brains work&quot;. Only when I met one person from the Asperger's chat community in person we both realized that whatever we experienced was akin to the &quot;chaos theory&quot;. He told me about &quot;chaos theory&quot; while I didn't know even what that term meant but I guess I 'read between the lines'. My question that I linger on still today is &quot;did he understand about me what I think I understood about him?&quot;? That our brains had the same configuration? Most autistic adults who meet other autistic adults usually get disappointed. They think the diagnosis will help them meet somebody like themselves and then they realize the great diversity in the autistic spectrum created by Psychiatry.

I later stopped interacting with autistic communities that much, I felt that it did not benefit me. Also Neurodiversity's &quot;neurotypes&quot; interested me for a while until I realized I had &quot;misunderstood everything&quot; about them and how they are used in the Neurodiversity Movement or &quot;Neurodiversity community&quot; if that even can precisely be defined? I doubt it but if you want to contribute to the [[Neurodiversity Movement]]. My previous attempts failed as I got more and more confused. I think a community project needs a community. With a lack of that I don't think it is worth my time. If any of you would like to work on that project let me know on my talk page.

So I was kinda lost and was talking to my friend and psychologist and I realized if I never talk about my idea to anyone in a &quot;comprehensive way&quot; or show that it matters to me nothing is going to ever happen. So I started talking about my &quot;idea&quot; more. Nobody could understand the &quot;idea&quot; because I had not developed my skills regarding where to start...although the process had already started &quot;automatically&quot; and that's why I often think of &quot;well my brain sort of activated me&quot;. I don't feel like I did have a plan and this idea happened. It happened &quot;by itself&quot;. My brain reacted to what I was seeing in a video or stream.

I value interaction highly in this idea. I think it would be helpful to make a community of people who are not paranoid about stuff that can express itself like &quot;don't analyze me!&quot;, &quot;don't compare me to anyone!&quot;. 

On the contrary, more often than not those adults who were diagnosed were actually openly comparing themselves with each other and I think that is healthy in a &quot;science&quot; way if done the &quot;right way&quot; which probably means &quot;Do no harm&quot;.

I found video material is important but I'm very unsure if uploading own video material to Wikimedia Commons would constitute a &quot;reasonable&quot; use of the resources there. Maybe somebody here needs to ask more questions to me that I should answer before that happens. I also know the '''be bold''' so I could just do what I think might be ok. Though I work better in a group as long as I know what &quot;group configurations&quot; help me. This is in a non-profit way. Since the state supported me this might be a way I am trying to &quot;give back&quot; to the state and &quot;the world&quot;. May seem overly ambitious and crazy but this thing gives me energy. It gives me hope when trying to develop this idea. [[User:ThinkingScience|ThinkingScience]] ([[User talk:ThinkingScience|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ThinkingScience|contribs]]) 10:47, 23 April 2026 (UTC)

:Thanks for sharing. There is plenty of room for neurodiversity community learning. However, the challenge I think is that the intersection of those interested in (a) ND, and (b) English Wikiversity might be very small (e.g., 1!) at this point in time.
:But don't give up hope. For example, Wikipedia has many more ND-interested editors; maybe consider reaching out to see who might be interested:
:[[w:Category:Wikipedians interested in neurodiversity]]
:You could also start an equivalent category here:
:[[:Category:Wikiversitarians interested in neurodiversity]] -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 04:46, 6 May 2026 (UTC)

== Request for comment (global AI policy) ==

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 00:58, 26 April 2026 (UTC)&lt;/bdi&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=30424282 --&gt;

== Language learning  ==

toki! I am trying to add or see what the toki pona language learning stuff on here is but I don't see anything that is language learning for anything. [[User:Jan Imon|Jan Imon]] ([[User talk:Jan Imon|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jan Imon|contribs]]) 23:13, 2 May 2026 (UTC) —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 17:29, 3 May 2026 (UTC)

:We have language materials ([[:Category:Languages]], [[World Languages]], [[Portal:Foreign Language Learning]], [[Portal:Multilingual Studies]]). They are not as developed as I think we would all like and there's not any coverage of Toki Pona, but in principle, we could and would like that. You can also see [[:b:Subject:Languages]] at our sister project Wikibooks. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 17:33, 3 May 2026 (UTC)

== Timeline format? ==

I’ve been working on the World War II articles, including the [[World War II/Timeline|timeline]], and is there a specific timeline format that should be used? Right now it’s just a table, and there’s no separation between different periods/phases of the war.

I don’t want to use [[mw:Extension:EasyTimeline]] because this will be displaying dates and not time periods. [[User:PhilDaBirdMan|PhilDaBirdMan]] ([[User talk:PhilDaBirdMan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PhilDaBirdMan|contribs]]) 01:35, 4 May 2026 (UTC)

:I dont think we have a policy or guideline, how to format a timeline. But you may try to browes wikiversity by Google if someone was dealing with this in the past somewhow @[[User:PhilDaBirdMan|PhilDaBirdMan]]. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 12:23, 5 May 2026 (UTC)
::+1 - there's no specific guideline on how to format a timeline, it's really up to you. In my opinion I think the timeline is good. I'd personally bold the dates just to make it easier to separate it from the event description, but that's my personal 2 cents. —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 14:18, 5 May 2026 (UTC)
:::I’ll probably remove links to the dates/years, they’re just Wikipedia pages that shouldn’t be over linked to. [[User:PhilDaBirdMan|PhilDaBirdMan]] ([[User talk:PhilDaBirdMan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PhilDaBirdMan|contribs]]) 00:39, 6 May 2026 (UTC)

== Interface administrator for Codename Noreste ==
{{Archive top|After running for a week, there is clear consensus for [[User:Codename Noreste]] to have Interface admin rights for 120 days; implemented until 10 September, 2026 -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 22:36, 12 May 2026 (UTC)}}

Hello, everyone. I am requesting interface administrator access on this wiki.

The main reasoning is that I would benefit from having the user right &lt;code&gt;editinterface&lt;/code&gt;, which would allow me to make dark mode changes to pages in the MediaWiki namespace, add &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;mw-parser-output&quot;&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; to some interface pages using templates, handle interface-protected edit requests, and similar stuff. Additionally, I have some knowledge of CSS, and I would like to assist with modifying CSS pages whenever necessary, such as moving MediaWiki common.css code to TemplateStyles CSS pages.

I am requesting the maximum time that is allowed per the [[Wikiversity:Interface administrators|policy]], and I have 2FA enabled on my account. Thank you. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 00:55, 6 May 2026 (UTC)

*{{support}} Globally trusted user. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 01:07, 6 May 2026 (UTC)
*{{support}} Trusted and knowledgeable. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 04:35, 6 May 2026 (UTC)
*{{support}} WV would benefit from this. —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 08:32, 6 May 2026 (UTC)
*{{support}} --[[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 09:13, 7 May 2026 (UTC)

:{{Comment}} Could @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] delete [[MediaWiki:Gadget-WikiSign.js]], which was requested to be deleted @[[User:Koavf|Justin]], @[[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]], @[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]]? I dont think we need it. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 07:40, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
::Yes - clearly no longer used -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 10:18, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
::: I can't delete it because I don't have the required permissions to do so.
::: On a side note, if this project has a need for permanent interface administrators, I would suggest that we have a minimum of two IAs, similar to how there must be two CUs and/or suppressors (or none). Maybe Koavf can be a good candidate if I am elected for permanent interface adminship, and I believe that permission shouldn't be removed from someone's own account. Instead, a bureaucrat should do it. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 13:20, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
::::I am willing and happy to do it, unfortunately, we do not have an appetite for indef IAs and just had a discussion that resulted in a [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity:Interface_administrators&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=2807543 consensus that we can have IAs that have the user rights for 14 to 120 days]. So once you have the rights, please make sure to gopher it. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 17:54, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
:::::@[[User:Koavf|Koavf]] give it time. Look at me, I was in favor of shorter time, now I am looking back to times, when custodians could do it without the need of extra flag. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 18:31, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
::::::Here's hoping. I think it would reduce administrative overhead, but that's just me and I'm not a bureaucrat here. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 18:33, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
::::Complicated. Where are the times, admins could do everything! [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 18:27, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
{{archive bottom}}

== [[Wikiversity:Bureaucratship]] to become a policy ==
{{archive top|'''Approved - now a policy'''. 5 supports + 1 nominator. No objections.}}
Following the recent approval of [[Wikiversity:Curators]] as a policy, I think [[Wikiversity:Bureaucratship]] may also be ready for policy status.

Please share your views about whether bureaucratship is ready to become a policy, or whether further revisions are needed.

-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 13:58, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
: I added a logo about that user group, but other than that, it looks good to me. {{support}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 14:38, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
:I think that the consensus on this policy is proven by years of using it without further changes. But I I have to say weather I agree with this to become a policy, than of course {{support}}. It works and there were no major issues with it. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 18:45, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
:{{support}} no issues. —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 14:51, 10 May 2026 (UTC)
:{{support}} [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 12:37, 11 May 2026 (UTC)
:{{support}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 06:51, 12 May 2026 (UTC)
{{archive bottom}}

== Reminder about custodian-related pages ==

I would like to remind the community about what the following custodian pages are:
* [[Wikiversity:Request custodian action]] is for requesting actions to be done by custodians, and
* [[Wikiversity:Notices for custodians]] is for notices of interest to custodians, like an administrator's noticeboard
Thank you. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 14:12, 12 May 2026 (UTC)

:Thanks - I needed this reminder :) -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 22:21, 12 May 2026 (UTC)

== [[MediaWiki:Protectedpagetext#Protected edit request on 11 December 2025]] ==

I posted an edit request there 5 months ago, so I’ll be taking it to this page. [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-28640-56|&amp;#126;2026-28640-56]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2026-28640-56|talk]]) 23:33, 12 May 2026 (UTC)

:What exactly is the problem? I don't understand what needs to change and why. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 23:35, 12 May 2026 (UTC)
: Pinging @[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]], @[[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] and @[[User:Juandev|Juandev]] for further input. Someone is requesting a modification to [[MediaWiki:Protectedpagetext]] to use {{tlx|Protected page text}}, but we might need to discuss whether to use the template. In the meantime, I'll start a sandbox version of the protected page text template. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 23:19, 14 May 2026 (UTC)
::Sounds good -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 04:13, 15 May 2026 (UTC)

== Create a pseudo-bot user group? ==

I would like to propose adding a new user group to Wikiversity: Pseudo-bot (&lt;code&gt;flood&lt;/code&gt;). This will allow users to perform repetitive actions without flushing the recent changes feed (with only the &lt;code&gt;bot&lt;/code&gt; user right). However, I would suggest that for the pseudo-bot user group:
* It can be granted and revoked by custodians. However, can curators add and remove pseudo-bot from their own accounts (and not others)?
* Users can remove themselves from it.
* A guideline might be necessary about the information and usage of it.
Thoughts? [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 03:31, 14 May 2026 (UTC)

:This sounds good. Which other wiki could we model this user group on? e.g., [[b:Wikibooks:Pseudo-bots]]? -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 04:19, 15 May 2026 (UTC)
::@[[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] Wikiquote has a similar group: [[:wikiquote:Special:ListGroupRights]] [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 04:25, 15 May 2026 (UTC)

== Coming over From wikinews ==
Any chance someone could help me if you are allowed to write news articles here since wikinews is going read only mode soon, thank you! [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BigKrow|contribs]]) 22:43, 1 May 2026 (UTC)

:The scope of Wikiversity is very broad and is basically about more-or-less any learning material. We have made it a point to not have duplicative content of other WMF projects, but since Wikinews is being shuttered, I personally am fine with writing news articles here. One thing that is not controversial at all is a learning resource &lt;em&gt;about&lt;/em&gt; how to write news: that could be hugely useful here and could involve the process of writing news stories to learn and to share back and forth with an editor or fact-checker. In fact, I'd support an entire namespace dedicated to keeping the notion of Wikinews alive here. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 23:38, 1 May 2026 (UTC)
::Thank you so much! How do I start? Cheers! @[[User:Koavf|Koavf]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BigKrow|contribs]]) 01:07, 2 May 2026 (UTC)
:::I think it's premature to start just making news articles en masse, but if you want to start discussing the topic of citizen journalism, you can do that now. [[:Category:Journalism]] already has some material, so you can start by seeing what we already have, how you can refine that, etc. You can definitely have learning resources with collaborators who want to learn about journalism ASAP. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 01:24, 2 May 2026 (UTC)
::::thanks. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BigKrow|contribs]]) 01:38, 2 May 2026 (UTC)
::::If I could try and start one News Article could you please tell me how to go about it? Like what style of writing like Wikinews or something else? Thank you Justin! @[[User:Koavf|Koavf]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BigKrow|contribs]]) 01:48, 2 May 2026 (UTC)
:::::Honestly, there are very few policies and guidelines here. I think the best way to write a news story would be in a manner that is obvious and instructive. So, for instance, it's common to use the &quot;pyramid style&quot; when you're writing news, so if you were to write a story that makes it very clear that you are using that approach, that would be helpful. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 02:08, 2 May 2026 (UTC)
::::::cool thanks. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BigKrow|contribs]]) 02:13, 2 May 2026 (UTC)
::::::im ready to write @[[User:Koavf|Koavf]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BigKrow|contribs]]) 21:30, 13 May 2026 (UTC)
:::::::I think we should get more local consensus for a big project like including the entirety of the scope of Wikinews here. Again, I support it personally. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 21:55, 13 May 2026 (UTC)
::::::::ok lets begin. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BigKrow|contribs]]) 22:15, 13 May 2026 (UTC)

== Proposal to rehost Wikinews here ==

As many of you know, and mentioned here at the Colloquium, our sister project Wikinews recently closed, with all 31 active editions made read-only. [[User:BigKrow]] has asked about the prospect of writing news stories here and I suggested that since we already have [[School:Journalism]] and some resources related to the [[:Category:Journalism|broader topic of journalism]]. I would like to propose that we have continued and indefinite space for {{w|citizen journalism}} by essentially repurposing Wikinews into a sub-project here. The only special infrastructure that Wikinews required was [[:mw:Extension:DynamicPageList]], which was deactivated and caused issues due to a lack of maintenance.

I will add this proposal to the site banner, but I recognize that that may be a conflict of interest, so if anyone requests that I remove it, I will. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 05:30, 14 May 2026 (UTC)
:I would like to see this conversation go for at least 30 days to establish a consensus. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 05:35, 14 May 2026 (UTC)

===Votes===
*{{support}} as proposer (with BK's inspiration). I think that an ongoing experiment in citizen journalism is a fit and appropriate use of this site. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 05:35, 14 May 2026 (UTC)
*{{support}}, hope to seeing ideas about this, and thank you @[[User:Koavf|Koavf]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BigKrow|contribs]]) 11:08, 14 May 2026 (UTC)
*{{support}} Other than perhaps inflating the total number of pages reported, I see the idea of &quot;practicing journalism&quot; a worthy and relevant activity within the domain of Wikiversity. [[User:IanVG|IanVG]] ([[User talk:IanVG|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/IanVG|contribs]]) 21:41, 14 May 2026 (UTC)
*{{support}} Conditional on development of (a) community guidelines that ensure alignment with Wikiversity's purpose, and (b) clear, nested page-naming structures for projects. More detail below. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:48, 15 May 2026 (UTC)
*{{contra}} This proposal doesn't seem interested in expanding educational materials in journalism, but rather in providing space and protection for Wikinews contributors. But this is contrary to the goals of Wikiversity, and I'm not sure it's a good idea, even with regard to WMF. If WMF decides to close a project and another community lets it run on its domain, that's a bit of an undermining of WMF's and the community's decisions. Given that Wikiversity has had several conflicts with other communities and WMF in its history, I'm against it.--[[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 18:59, 15 May 2026 (UTC)

===Comments and questions===
:Definitely worthy of discussion, so I have no problem with the proposal in the sitenotice.
:Initial questions:
:* Does this proposal include importing English Wikinews content e.g., to [[Wikinews]] subpages?
:* What are &quot;active editions&quot;?
:* How can Wikiversity navigate the concerns that lead to the closure of Wikinews?
:* Are any changes to the scope of Wikinews proposed?
:* How does [[Wikinews]] fit with the [[Wikiversity:Mission]]? What aligns well? Where might there be tension?
:** e.g., I'm not sure that a page like [[Story/Manchester City moves two points behind Arsenal]] in and of itself will serve as an educational resource.
:-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 05:52, 14 May 2026 (UTC)
:* Does this proposal include importing English Wikinews content e.g., to [[Wikinews]] subpages?
::*No, not at this time.
:* What are &quot;active editions&quot;?
::*There were 30 other active editions of Wikinews in addition to English (e.g. [[:n:es:]]) at the time of universal closure (2026-05-04).
:* How can Wikiversity navigate the concerns that lead to the closure of Wikinews?
::*One of the biggest issues was the problems with DPL, which is now irrelevant. Another was the lack of activity, which can be ameliorated by having it be part of an existing project instead of its own domain (e.g. some editions of Wikipedia host their own Wikinews already and those projects were not impacted by the closure).
:* Are any changes to the scope of Wikinews proposed?
::*Not at this juncture. I would also propose as far as implemention goes that we would request a new namespace and that the material be more-or-less sequestered into its own ongoing project, like Wikijournal is or like the Cookbook and Wikijunior are at our sister [[:b:]].
:* How does [[Wikinews]] fit with the [[Wikiversity:Mission]]? What aligns well? Where might there be tension?
:** e.g., I'm not sure that a page like [[Story/Manchester City moves two points behind Arsenal]] in and of itself will serve as an educational resource.
::*The process of citizen journalists practicing their craft in real-time and collaborating with others to do so is itself an education activity. We would essentially be hosting a real-time experiment in citizen journalism, online communities, and collaborative learning in addition to the prospect of spreading educational information from someone actually reading the news. I would propose that we could also make a more deliberate attempt to engage with learning &lt;em&gt;about&lt;/em&gt; what does and doesn't work with collaborative news writing by experimentation (e.g. audio news, syndicating to other sites, incorporating freely-licensed news from other sources, writing hyper-local news, writing briefs versus longer-term reportage) and also seeing if the problems noted in the Task Force report that recommended closure can be overcome. Note that we have already done some local investigation about and learning about wiki-based journalism on Wikinews here at [[Journalism studies and Wikinews]]. We could continue that learning and refine the process, including incorporating journalism students from universities. As for tensions, Wikinews is the only sister project that must be done with a quick turn-around: if you take a long time to [[:s:|transcribe a book]], that's just how long it takes, but if you take a long time to write news, it ceases to be news entirely. Wikiversity has been a very slow-growing project that has definitely had some successes but has generally come together over a long period with most learning resources being individual passion projects (or sometimes, frankly, crankery) which would not work with collaborative news that requires more than just a single editor writing whatever he feels like.
::Please let me know any other questions/concerns and any other editors feel free to give your own perspective. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 06:13, 14 May 2026 (UTC)
:::Thanks, Justin — it is food for thought.
:::In attempting to understand how we've arrived here, I've summarised some of the background on this page: [[Wikinews]].
:::Perhaps it could be helpful to flesh out more of the vision / ideas / possibilities / challenges on that page? -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:49, 14 May 2026 (UTC)

:::*Having given it some thought, in principle, I support hosting [[citizen journalism]] on Wikiversity where it is clearly connected to a learning project and/or constitutes original research, both of which align strongly with [[Wikiversity:Mission|Wikiversity’s educational mission]].
:::*My chief concern is the potential for news content that is not clearly linked to the purpose of Wikiversity. To avoid this, some community-agreed guidelines would be prudent. These need not be overly restrictive; they should support boldness and experimentation while helping ensure alignment with Wikiversity's purpose.
:::*Given the reported low and declining activity on Wikinews, it seems unlikely that English Wikiversity would be overwhelmed by an influx of news-related editing. My impression is that English Wikinews was the most active edition, but even so, many contributors are likely to disperse to other projects or cease editing altogether. A modest migration of interested editors to Wikiversity seems manageable.
:::*At this stage, I do not think a dedicated namespace is necessary. Subpages under [[Wikinews]] or nested pages under relevant learning or research projects, or user-space draft pages should be suitable. I agree that [[Wikijournal]] offers a useful model, as do several existing course structures on Wikiversity.
:::*I support [[User:Koavf]]’s suggestions about framing Wikinews activity explicitly around learning. This would create a distinctive space for experimenting with collaborative news production in ways that are pedagogically meaningful. I agree that the [[journalism studies and Wikinews]] project developed by David and Leigh Blackall through the University of Wollongong is an excellent example of the intersection between Wikiversity and Wikinews. The [[Wikinews]] page could evolve into a hub for such projects.
:::*I've tidied the [[:Category:Wikinews|Wikinews category]] and merged some content into the [[Wikinews]] page. As part of a reinvigoration effort, please review these and related resources such as [[:Category:Journalism]] and [[School:Journalism]].
:::*A further argument in favour of this initiative is that Wikipedia explicitly excludes both news reporting and original research. So, there is value in maintaining spaces within the Wikimedia ecosystem where these forms of knowledge production can be openly developed and curated. Such work can, in turn, generate valuable evidence and source material that may later inform Wikipedia articles.
:::*The closure of WMF-hosted Wikinews does not imply that open wiki-based news curation lacks value. Indeed, the closure documentation appears supportive of experimentation with alternative news models across Wikimedia projects, including through Wikipedia and Wikidata. In that context, Wikiversity seems a natural home for a Wikinews experiment, provided it is clearly grounded in learning and/or research.
:::-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:39, 15 May 2026 (UTC)
My understanding towards Wikinews' failure is that everything takes too long to be approved for the publish status, which means that any breaking news would have already become days-old stale news. Wikinews has a brand recognition (for right or wrong reasons) than Wikiversity and I wonder how effective Wikiversity can attract the &quot;Wikinews refugees&quot; to edit here. And just a quick note on the governance. Since each Wikiversity language operates independently, each language has to vote &amp; adopt this proposal independently. [[User:OhanaUnited|&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0000FF;&quot;&gt;OhanaUnited&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;]][[User talk:OhanaUnited|&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;Talk page&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;]] 13:47, 15 May 2026 (UTC)

:Your assessment about Wikinews is partially correct. I referenced it earlier, but to be explicit, there is a [[:m:Proposal for Closing Wikinews|report by a task force on sister projects]] that outlines their concerns. There are a few, one of which was the nature of the staleness of news. Thanks also for clarifying that this proposal is only relevant to en.wv and is not binding or even proposed for other editions of Wikiversity. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 18:54, 15 May 2026 (UTC)

== Inactivity policy for Curators ==

I was wondering if there is a specific inactivity polity for curators (semi-admins) as I am pretty sure the global policy does not apply to them as they are not ''fully'' sysops. [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 03:20, 15 February 2026 (UTC)

:Unfortunately, I don't see an inactivity policy, but if we were to create such a new policy for curators, it should be the same for custodians (administrators). [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 18:45, 15 February 2026 (UTC)
::@[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] There is currently none, that I could find, for custodians either. [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 00:47, 17 February 2026 (UTC)
:::I think we should propose a local inactivity policy for custodians (and by extension, curators), which should be at least one year without any edits ''and'' logged actions. However, I don't know which page should it be when the inactivity removal procedure starts. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 00:53, 17 February 2026 (UTC)
::::@[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] In theory, there should be a section added at [[WV:Candidates for custodianship]] [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 00:55, 17 February 2026 (UTC)
::::: To be consistent with the [[meta:Admin activity review|global period of 2 years inactivity]] for en.wv  [[Wikiversity:Custodianship#Notes|Custodians]] and [[Wikiversity:Bureaucratship#How are bureaucrats removed?|Bureaucrats]] we could add something like this to [[Wikiversity:Curators]]:
::::::The maximum time period of inactivity &lt;u&gt;without community review&lt;/u&gt; for curators is two years (consistent with  the [[:meta:Category:Global policies|global policy]] described at [[meta:Admin activity review|Admin activity review]] which applies for [[Wikiversity:Custodianship#Notes|Custodians]] and [[Wikiversity:Bureaucratship|Bureaucrats]]). After that time a custodian will remove the rights.
::::: -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 10:51, 27 March 2026 (UTC)
:::::Yup, I agree with Jtneill, there is a policy proposal for Wikiversity:Curators, where it should be logically deployed. The question is if we are ready to aprove the policy. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 17:43, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
:::::: I agree, but we should notify the colloquium about inactive curators, just like a steward would do for inactive custodians and bureaucrats per [[:m:Admin activity review|AAR]]. What is the minimum timeframe an inactive curator should receive so they can respond they would keep their rights? [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 17:49, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
:I incorporated these suggestions into the proposed curators policy. Please review/comment/improve. Summary: 2 years, notify curator's user page, then remove rights after 1 month: [[Wikiversity:Curators#Inactivity]]. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 08:59, 24 April 2026 (UTC)
:: @[[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] I created [[Template:Inactive curator]] for this. Feel free to make any changes or improvements. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 14:29, 24 April 2026 (UTC)
:::Wondering, should we also have:
:::* {{tl|Inactive custodian}}
:::* {{tl|Inactive bureaucrat}}
:::or perhaps just a single template with a parameter(s) for the user right(s)/role(s)? e.g., 
:::* if a custodian is inactive for 2 years, then custodian and curator rights are to be removed and 
:::* if a bureaucrat is inactive for 2 years, then bureaucrat, custodian, and curator rights are to to be removed.
:::-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 09:58, 13 May 2026 (UTC)
:::: I would probably modify that template when we actually develop our own inactivity policy, because we're currently under the AAR (a steward notifies the colloquium with [[m:Admin activity review/Notice to communities]], and inactive advanced right holders with [[m:Admin activity review/Notice to inactive right holders]]). [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:16, 13 May 2026 (UTC)
:::::Ah, I see. Yes, that makes sense. Thankyou. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 04:21, 15 May 2026 (UTC)
: In that case, should we develop our own inactivity policy (e.g. on [[Wikiversity:Inactivity policy]] or [[Wikiversity:Support staff/Inactivity]])? I would list the general inactivity part, the process, etc. Once it's approved as a policy, I will [[m:Stewards' noticeboard|notify the stewards]]. Thoughts? [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:30, 16 May 2026 (UTC)
::Originally, I would have thought that, for a small wiki like en.wv, it made sense to leave inactivity monitoring to the stewards. However, with the creation of the curator user group, we have already taken on local responsibility for monitoring inactivity in at least one advanced-rights group. Extending this to custodians and bureaucrats would not add much additional overhead and would provide a more consistent and transparent local administrative process.
::One option would be to develop a single, centralised policy covering all advanced-rights groups.
::An alternative would be to include an ==Inactivity== section on each relevant policy page (e.g., we already have [[Wikiversity:Curatorship#Inactivity]], but not yet in the custodianship, and bureaucratship policy pages). This approach would allow some flexibility because different user groups may warrant different criteria (such as inactivity thresholds, qualifying activity, or review procedures).
::A hybrid approach may be best: maintain separate inactivity sections within each user-group policy page, while transcluding these into a central overview page such as Codename Noreste suggests. This would preserve clarity at the local policy level while also providing a single reference point for consistency and oversight. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 23:09, 16 May 2026 (UTC)
::: I would suggest we develop a centralized inactivity policy page, and include a short summarized section of that page, on the support staff user group pages. We must also include a link to that policy page if we were to add &lt;nowiki&gt;== Inactivity ==&lt;/nowiki&gt; to each of those user group pages. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:48, 17 May 2026 (UTC)

== Inactive curators ==

Hello, even though [[Wikiversity:Curators]] is not a policy yet, there are curators listed here that have been inactive for two years or more:
* {{user|Cody naccarato}} (last edit on 13 Dec 2022, last logged action on 10 Dec 2022)
* {{user|Praxidicae}} (last edit on 10 Sep 2022, last logged action on 12 Sep 2022)
[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 21:14, 19 April 2026 (UTC)

:Yup, I would remove the rights. To get the rights back if theyll come back should not be a big deal. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 20:08, 24 April 2026 (UTC)
:: When they don't reply by May 19, feel free (or any custodian) to do so. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 00:28, 25 April 2026 (UTC)

==Curator inactivity review==
These curators haven't been active for &gt; 2 years. As per the [[Wikiversity:Curatorship|curatorship policy]]:
* [[Special:Log/Cody naccarato]] was notified on their talk page by [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] on 24 Apr 2026
* [[Special:Log/Praxidicae]] was notified on their talk page by [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] on 24 Apr 2026
* [[Special:Log/Tegel]] was notified on their talk page by [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] notified their talk page on 16 May 2026

The policy allows a month to hear from these users. If no response, a custodian will remove their curator rights.

-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 06:14, 16 May 2026 (UTC)
: For Cody naccarato and Praxidicae, their rights are to be removed by the 19th of May if they don't respond either here or on their talk page. For Tegel, the removal will happen on the 16th of June, probably. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:13, 16 May 2026 (UTC)
::Should be 24 May for Cody naccarato and Praxidicae? -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 23:11, 16 May 2026 (UTC)
::: I made [[#Inactive curators]] on the 19th of April. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 03:18, 17 May 2026 (UTC)
::::OK, I see (had missed that thread, sorry - I've now moved the the 3 inactivity topics to be adjacent).
::::I'm thinking the curator policy indicates one month from user talk page notification? -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 06:44, 17 May 2026 (UTC)
::::: Yes. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:49, 17 May 2026 (UTC)

== [[Wikiversity:Deletion policy]] proposed as policy ==

[[Wikiversity:Deletions]] has been operating as a [[Wikiversity:Guidelines|guideline]]. It has been revised and moved to [[Wikiversity:Deletion policy]], consistent with naming conventions used across sister projects such as Wikipedia, Wikibooks, and Wikiquote. The speedy deletion criteria have also been updated for consistency with [[MediaWiki:Deletereason-dropdown]].

This proposal is for the page to be formally adopted as [[Wikiversity:Policies|Wikiversity policy]].

Community feedback is invited, including suggestions for further improvements that may strengthen the proposed policy.

=== Voting ===
*{{support}} Seems reasonable. If there's somehow something missed here, we can just amend it later. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 05:33, 18 May 2026 (UTC)

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== New titles for user right nominations ==
&lt;div class=&quot;cd-moveMark&quot;&gt;''Moved from [[Wikiversity talk:Candidates for Custodianship#New titles for user right nominations]].  [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 23:20, 17 April 2026 (UTC)''&lt;/div&gt;

I would like to propose the following retitles should a user be nominated for any of the following user rights:
* Curator: Candidates for Curatorship
* Bureaucrat: Candidates for Bureaucratship
The reason is that many curator (and probably bureaucrat) requests have run solely under {{tq|Candidates for Custodianship}}, but that title might sound misleading (especially in regards to the permission a user is requesting). CheckUser and Oversight (suppressor) are not included above since no user was nominated for these sensitive permissions, probably. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 01:30, 19 March 2026 (UTC)

:And it's not that when someone at the beginning misplaced the request, no one thought to move it and the others copied it. Even today, it would be possible to simply take it all and move it. Otherwise, for me, the more fundamental problem is that there is [[Wikiversity:Curators|no approved policy for curators]] than where the requests are based. Curators then operate in a certain vacuum and if one of them &quot;breaks out of the chain&quot;, the average user doesn't have many transparent tools to deal with it, because there is no policy. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 07:02, 19 March 2026 (UTC)
::I am not talking about the curator page (policy proposal). [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 19:08, 21 March 2026 (UTC)
: @[[User:Juandev|Juandev]] I'll see if I can do an overhaul of [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Custodianship]], just like I recently did with the Requests for adminship page on English Wikiquote. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 22:17, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
:Yes, great idea - ideally there will be separate &quot;Candidates for ...&quot; pages for each user right group. The most important for now is to separate curator and custodian pages as CN suggests. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:39, 1 May 2026 (UTC)
:So maybe I previously misunderstood. Are you proposing separated pages for nominations (i.e. [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Curatorship]], [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Bureaucratship]], [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Custodianship]])? [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 12:30, 5 May 2026 (UTC)
:: Yes. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 13:33, 5 May 2026 (UTC)
:::I see, then I am fine with that @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]. Sorry for misunderstanding. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 18:35, 9 May 2026 (UTC)

I've split the user rights nomination pages into:
* [[Wikiversity:Candidates for CheckUser]]
* [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Curatorship]]
* [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Custodianship]]
* [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Bureaucratship]]

Please review. There are likely several links to update, text to adjust, categories to manage, short-cuts to fix etc. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 04:22, 10 May 2026 (UTC)

:Thanks, great job @[[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]]. I am wondering if we need to move archived nominations too, or if we are OK with the actual state. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 08:08, 10 May 2026 (UTC)
::Yes, I think that would be helpful. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 10:46, 10 May 2026 (UTC)
:::I can do it @[[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]], I am just looking what system is there. I can see [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Custodianship/Archive of nominations for full custodianship]] which is a good complementary overview to the subpages with full history. The name of the pages is probably stably, but I would consider to create more specific redirect like [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Custodianship/Overview of staff nominations]], which would link to the above one. Then there is a [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Custodianship/Archived]], which are probably incomplete nominations, right? [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 08:37, 11 May 2026 (UTC)
::::Tx @[[User:Juandev|Juandev]]. Yes, this makes sense. And maybe we move:
::::* archived '''curator''' nominations from [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Custodianship/Archive of nominations for full custodianship]] to e.g., [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Curatorship/Archive of nominations]]
::::* archived '''bureaucrat''' nominations from [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Custodianship/Archive of nominations for full custodianship ]] to e.g., [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Bureaucratship/Archive of nominations]]
::::-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 10:12, 11 May 2026 (UTC)
:::::OK. That sounds good. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 07:25, 12 May 2026 (UTC)
:An svg icon for [[Wikiversity:Curatorship|curators]] would also be helpful. We have them for other user rights: [[c:Category:Wikiversity user rights icons]] -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 10:54, 10 May 2026 (UTC)
::Done: [[Wikiversity:Curators]] -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 01:44, 11 May 2026 (UTC)

== Technical Request:  Courtesy link.. ==

[[Template_talk:Information#Background_must_have_color_defined_as_well]] [[User:ShakespeareFan00|ShakespeareFan00]] ([[User talk:ShakespeareFan00|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ShakespeareFan00|contribs]]) 11:43, 20 March 2026 (UTC)
: I can't edit the template directly as it need an sysop/interface admin to do it. [[User:ShakespeareFan00|ShakespeareFan00]] ([[User talk:ShakespeareFan00|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ShakespeareFan00|contribs]]) 11:43, 20 March 2026 (UTC)
:: Also if the Template field of - https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:LintErrors/night-mode-unaware-background-color is examined, there is poential for an admin to clear a substantial proportion of these by implmenting a simmilar fix to the indciated templates (and underlying stylesheets). It would be nice to clear things like Project box and others, as many other templates (and thus pages depend on them.) :)
[[User:ShakespeareFan00|ShakespeareFan00]] ([[User talk:ShakespeareFan00|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ShakespeareFan00|contribs]]) 11:43, 20 March 2026 (UTC)

:I think it would be best to grant you interface admin rights for a short period of time to make these changes. However, I still have doubts about the suitability of this solution, which may cause other problems and no one has explained to me why dark mode has to be implemented this way @[[User:ShakespeareFan00|ShakespeareFan00]]. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 20:43, 20 March 2026 (UTC)

: I would have reservations about holding such rights, which is why I was trying to do what I could without needing them. However if it is the only way to get the required changes made, I would suggest asking on Wikipedia to find technical editors, willing to undertake the changes needed. [[User:ShakespeareFan00|ShakespeareFan00]] ([[User talk:ShakespeareFan00|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ShakespeareFan00|contribs]]) 09:32, 21 March 2026 (UTC)

== WikiEducator has closed ==

Some of you may know of a similar project to Wikiversity, called [https://wikieducator.org/Main_Page WikiEducator], championed by [https://oerfoundation.org/about/staff/wayne-mackintosh/ Wayne Mackintosh][https://www.linkedin.com/posts/waynemackintosh_important-notice-about-the-oer-foundation-activity-7405113051688931329-Nhm9/][https://openeducation.nz/killed-not-starved/].

It seems [https://openeducation.nz/terminating-oer-foundation their foundation has closed] and they are no longer operating.

They had done quite a bit of outreach (e.g., in the Pacific and Africa) to get educators using wiki.

The WikiEducator content is still available in MediaWiki - and potentially could be imported to Wikiversity ([https://wikieducator.org/WikiEducator:Copyrights CC-BY-SA] is the default license).

The closing of WikiEducator arguably makes the nurturing of Wikiversity even more important.

-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 02:09, 1 April 2026 (UTC)

:I was never active there. If anyone has an account or is otherwise in contact, we may want to copy relevant information here or even at [[:outreach:]]. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 04:46, 1 April 2026 (UTC)

:: I reached out to [[User:Mackiwg~enwikiversity|Wayne]] in January, and he responded briefly but positively (while travelling).  I wrote to the low-traffic wikieducator mailing list today and got a nice [https://groups.google.com/g/wikieducator/c/r_yIyUw6ZIA reply] from [[user:SteveFoerster|Steve Foerster]] who's interested in helping. If we can figure out a migration path it would be great to adopt at least the main namespace pages here.  
:: A few questions that come to mind: 
:: - would people want to create matching user accounts
:: - are there any namespaces (user/talk?) that should not be moved over
:: We could look at how this was done for the [[m:Wikivoyage/Migration]] wikivoyage migration. &lt;span style=&quot;padding:0 2px 0 2px;background-color:white;color:#bbb;&quot;&gt;&amp;ndash;[[User:Sj|SJ]][[User Talk:Sj|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#ff9900;&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/span&gt; 04:27, 1 May 2026 (UTC)
:::That's fantastic, SJ, that you've reached out and that Wayne, Steve, and Jim are receptive—and that you can help! -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:52, 1 May 2026 (UTC)
::::A matching accound makes sense to give credits to the original authors and keep a clean chain of versions. The initial commit into wikiversity could have a &quot;marker with timestamp&quot; similar to signature with a reference where the content's source or a Web archive. This would allow authors to continue there work on wikiversity if they wish. [[User:Bert Niehaus|Bert Niehaus]] ([[User talk:Bert Niehaus|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Bert Niehaus|contribs]]) 06:30, 15 May 2026 (UTC)

== Wikinews is ending ==

Apparently mainly due to low editorial activity, low public interest, but also failure to achieve the goals from the proposal for the creation of the project, the Wikinews project is ending after years of discussions ([[Meta:Proposal for Closing Wikinews|some reading]]).

And I would be interested to see how Wikiversity is doing in the monitored metrics. We probably have more editors than Wikinews had, but what about consumers and achieving the goals? [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 19:14, 1 April 2026 (UTC)

:Wikiversity's biggest issue in recent times was the hosting of low-quality, trash content. Thankfully we've done a great job in removing pseudoscience and other embarrassingly trash content (Wikidebates, for example), but the biggest concern moving forward is proper maintenance IMO. I've caught several pseudoscience pages being created within the last few months that could easily have flown under the radar (ex, [[The Kelemen Dilemma: Causal Collapse and Axiomatic Instability]]), so I'd urge our custodians/curators to be on the lookout for this type of content. Usually an AI-overview can point this type of content out relatively well.
:In terms of visibility, I believe Wikiversity is a high-traffic project. I remember my [[Mathematical Properties]] showing up on the first page of Google when searching up &quot;math properties&quot; for the longest time (and is still showing up in the first page 'till this day!). Besides, Wikinews hosted a lot of short-term content (the nature of news articles), while Wikiversity hosts content that can still be useful a decade later (ex, [[A Reader's Guide to Annotation]]). 
:I think we are on a better path than we were a few months ago, and I do want to thank everyone here who has been helping out with maintaining our website! —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 20:48, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
:For what it's worth, the group that did that study has since disbanded, so no one is monitoring the other sister projects in the same way. Additionally, Wikinews had some catastrophic server issues due to the maintenance of [[:m:Extension:DynamicPageList]] which don't apply here. Your questions are still worth addressing, but I just wanted to cut off any concern at the pass about Wikiversity being in the same precarious situation. Wikiversity is definitely the biggest &quot;lagging behind&quot; or &quot;failure&quot; project now that Wikinews is being shuttered, but I don't see any near- or medium-term pathway to closing Wikiversity. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 00:46, 2 April 2026 (UTC)

:[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/News and notes|Entirety of Wikinews to be shut down]] (Wikipedia Signpost) -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 02:03, 11 April 2026 (UTC)

== Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) ==

Hello everyone,

This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as &lt;code&gt;Module:Itemgroup/list&lt;/code&gt;).

'''The Change:'''&lt;br /&gt;
Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. 

We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''.

'''What You Need To Do:'''&lt;br /&gt;
To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search.

'''Deadline:'''&lt;br /&gt;
We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles.

Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 17:11, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&amp;oldid=29941252 --&gt;
:I didnt find such properties, so we are probably fine. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 21:00, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
:: +1 (agreed). [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 22:19, 12 April 2026 (UTC)

== Enable the abuse filter block action? ==

In light of [[Special:AbuseLog/80178]] (coupon spam), I would like to propose enabling the block action for the abuse filter. Only custodians will be able to enable and disable that action on an abuse filter, and it is useful to block ongoing vandalism. Thoughts? [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 19:12, 13 April 2026 (UTC)

:Seems like a good idea, almost all of the users which create such pages are spambots so this shouldn’t be a problem. [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 23:41, 13 April 2026 (UTC)
:Can you explain some more (I am new to abuse filters)? It looks like the attempted edit was prevented? Which abuse filter?
:Note on your suggestion, have also reactivated Antispam Filter 12 - see [[WV:RCA]]. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 10:45, 15 April 2026 (UTC)
:: I am proposing that we activate the abuse filter block action, which if a user triggers an abuse filter, it would actually block the user in question - the same mechanism that a custodian would use to block users. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 13:11, 15 April 2026 (UTC)
:::OK, thankyou, that makes sense. And, reviewing the abuse filter 12 log, it would be helpful because it would prevent the need for manual blocking. But I don't see a setting for autoblocking? -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 23:14, 15 April 2026 (UTC)
:::: I think it probably adds an autoblock. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 00:43, 16 April 2026 (UTC)
: [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] and [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]], given that a little bit more than a week has passed and there is minimal consensus to activate the abuse filter block action, I filed [[phab:T424053]]. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:05, 21 April 2026 (UTC)
::Thank-you for doing this. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 08:03, 24 April 2026 (UTC)

== Advice needed: A Neurodiversity-inspired Idea/observation ==

If I want the greatest participation of others to &quot;provide constructive criticism to my idea&quot; or to &quot;shoot down my idea&quot; or &quot;idea&quot;.

What I've called it so far is &quot;The Neurodiversity-inspired Idea&quot;. At other times I used more sensationalist wording but here on Wikiversity I don't dare do that. I actually woke up with thinking about putting this into my userspace draft: &quot;Personal Observations Made By Meeting Autistic and Non-Autistic Adults&quot;.

My ultimate goal is to stop blathering about my &quot;idea&quot; to friend and family without feeling my &quot;methodology&quot; is going into any progressive direction whatsoever. My latest encounter was somewhat constructive though. A friend of a friend who worked with people presenting ideas in attempting to getting grants. I don't want a grant. I just want to figure out how I can express my &quot;idea&quot; in a way so that I can more clearly figure out what flaws it got.

At the same time I tend to overthink. If anyone thinks etherpad might be a good place and considering Wikimedia already got an etherpad at https://etherpad.wikimedia.org/ if anyone feels like they know me better in the future feel free to suggest a &quot;session&quot; on etherpad.

'''If I don't receive a reply to this in 1 week's time I will begin to explore this &quot;idea&quot; into my userspace''' unless you replied and refrained me from doing so, of course. Then maybe after &quot;developing it there&quot; I might reference it to you another future time here in the Colloquium, with my &quot;idea&quot; still in my userspace draft. This &quot;idea&quot; is sort of a burden, I'm happy I've made the choice to get rid of it and hopefully move on with my life, unless there is something to this &quot;idea&quot;. 

My failure is probably evident: I feel I haven't told you anything. Same happened to when I talked to friends and family. In danger of overthinking it further I'll publish this right now. I need to &quot;keep it together&quot; [[User:ThinkingScience|ThinkingScience]] ([[User talk:ThinkingScience|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ThinkingScience|contribs]]) 10:36, 16 April 2026 (UTC)

:Good on you putting it out there ... and hitting publish :). I'd say go for it (no need to wait), give birth to your idea and share about it here and elsewhere. Let it take shape and see where it might go. In many ways, this is exactly what an open collaborative learning community should be doing. Others might not know well how to respond, so perhaps consider creating some questions to accompany the idea. Sincerely, James -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:21, 16 April 2026 (UTC)
::Thank you for encouraging me in developing the idea.
::I have created a &quot;questions&quot; section in the draft which is visible in the table of contents now. My brain was &quot;frozen&quot; today metaphorically speaking in that I felt I had like a &quot;writer's block&quot; so the draft has more &quot;AI/LLM&quot; content than before. I used the LLM for generating questions. The answers are so far human-only.
::I've also created a subsection where I could add the prompts that made the LLM generate the questions. That could help people make better prompts perhaps. I've described what it is about inside of it and there are some chaotically written notes.
::[[Draft:The_Neurodiversity-inspired_Idea#Questions_that_might_encourage_the_development_of_this_idea_and_its_methodology]]
::My draft is missing stuff. Any questions that you contribute to my draft will probably help me and if I don't understand the questions I'll probably notify you and also at the same time &quot;feed them&quot; to an LLM and ask in my input like &quot;explain in simple words what this question means, what is it searching for?&quot; etc. while I wait for an answer. If you have any more feedback please give it to me here or on the Draft page, its talk page or my user talk page. Thank you for helping me! [[User:ThinkingScience|ThinkingScience]] ([[User talk:ThinkingScience|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ThinkingScience|contribs]]) 21:20, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
::Today I woke up with not only thinking about supplying questions along with the &quot;idea&quot; but also answers. ie. Is it possible to &quot;test&quot; this idea? Is it possible to create one or multiple hypotheses based on this &quot;idea&quot;?(etc.) I've thought about this before in this &quot;idea&quot; but since I'm beginning to add to Wikiversity what was previously 'locked in my mind' it's also easier for me to see what I've done so far. Thank you for this comment! [[User:ThinkingScience|ThinkingScience]] ([[User talk:ThinkingScience|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ThinkingScience|contribs]]) 09:11, 23 April 2026 (UTC)
:May I think that you should not add deadlines ; being read, and rising interest for collaboration, or even simply for exchange of thoughts, such an effective meeting event loads a huge bunch of unprobability, which time can help to… somehow diminish. Maybe, I would advice you having a central place for developping your ideas, your needs, your advances, maybe a page in your own user zone, and from time to time, depending your feeling, it could be every trimester or so, or more frequently, you could write a short account of progress (or even of no progress), or a call for participation, in such a place as this present one ; I think that will increase much exposure of your projet. Maybe also, if you can find a project name, not necessarily very meaningfull by itseilf (at least it will gain signification with time, as your project develops), that will serve as a kind-of hook, and make your announcement titles more visible. Best regards (and my excuses for my poor command of English, which seems to be unplease an anti-abuse filter, &quot;Questionable Language (profanity)&quot;, which I don't understand…). My few cents. --  [[User:Eric.LEWIN|Eric.LEWIN]] ([[User talk:Eric.LEWIN|discussion]] • [[Special:Contributions/Eric.LEWIN|contributions]]) 10:06, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
::Sorry about the false positive on the profanity filter - I've fixed it. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 10:26, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
:::&quot;May I think that you should not add deadlines ; being read, and rising interest for collaboration, or even simply for exchange of thoughts, such an effective meeting event loads a huge bunch of unprobability, which time can help to… somehow diminish.&quot;
::Thank you Eric for this comment. Trust in time is how I interpret it. I should not feel like I need to be in a hurry. I'll try to give this time. Thank you!
:::&quot;Maybe, I would advice you having a central place for developping your ideas, your needs, your advances, maybe a page in your own user zone, and from time to time, depending your feeling, it could be every trimester or so, or more frequently, you could write a short account of progress (or even of no progress), or a call for participation, in such a place as this present one ; I think that will increase much exposure of your projet.&quot;
::A central place for developing or making &quot;project notes&quot; regarding the Neurodiversity idea on my userspace, I might need that, like a diary or &quot;project notes&quot; of the Neurodiversity idea similar to my course notes regarding my experience with Coursera.
::Any actions I take are going to be related to my Userspace from now on but I'll also update the draft when necessary. Now in the beginning I might be working daily to once every 3 days on both the draft and the daily notes I plan to make.
:::&quot;Maybe also, if you can find a project name, not necessarily very meaningfull by itseilf (at least it will gain signification with time, as your project develops), that will serve as a kind-of hook, and make your announcement titles more visible.&quot;
::Thank you for the advice. I was brainstorming yesterday about it. I concluded that since I've not yet developed a methodology that adheres to &quot;Do no harm&quot; and this is my first time working my &quot;idea&quot; into a way that is compatible with how projects develop on English Wikiversity this is new to me. My methodology isn't developed and therefore trying to get attention to my project through a name can wait. Yesterday I figured out a silly title that has nothing to do with the project: &quot;Planetary Awareness Potato Cabbage Rolls&quot; or something like that. Google output read that no such thing exists so I wanted it mainly to be unique. I don't want to raise attention that I'm unsure whether I'll actually be capable of developing a methodology for but project notes is my best bet so far in tracking my progress. Every day I think about this &quot;idea&quot; but I need to improve the important parts.
:::&quot;Best regards (and my excuses for my poor command of English, which seems to be unplease an anti-abuse filter, &quot;Questionable Language (profanity)&quot;, which I don't understand…). My few cents.&quot;
::You added great points and I felt that I was helped by you! I encourage you to post again and I can understand that interacting with any kind of automated filter can be discouraging and can be for me too! Thank you for giving me feedback! [[User:ThinkingScience|ThinkingScience]] ([[User talk:ThinkingScience|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ThinkingScience|contribs]]) 16:01, 18 April 2026 (UTC)

== Add some user rights to the curator user group? ==

By default, only custodians have the ability to mark new pages as patrolled (&lt;code&gt;patrol&lt;/code&gt;) and have their own page creations automatically marked as patrolled (&lt;code&gt;autopatrol&lt;/code&gt;). I am proposing both of the following:
* Curators can mark new pages as patrolled, helping on reducing the backlog of new, unpatrolled pages.
* New pages made by curators will be automatically marked as patrolled by the MediaWiki software.
Before we implement this, I would suggest implementing a proposed guideline for marking new pages as patrolled for curators and custodians.

Thoughts? [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:32, 17 April 2026 (UTC)

:Agree, &lt;s&gt;also can we also allow curators to undelete pages since they already have the rights to delete them?&lt;/s&gt; [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 02:54, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
::I think the requirement that undelete NOT be included came from above (meta / stewards / central office). Having access to the undelete page gives access to information that is restricted by their policies to admins (custodians and bureaucrats). -- [[User:Dave Braunschweig|Dave Braunschweig]] ([[User talk:Dave Braunschweig|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dave Braunschweig|contribs]]) 20:12, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
::: [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]], unless if requests for curator and custodian should be RfA-like processes (that is, including voting and comments), then I have to agree with Dave above. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 22:03, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
::::Oh, I didn’t realise that. Withdrawing my comment.. [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 00:08, 19 April 2026 (UTC)
:{{support}} Seems reasonable and would reduce overhead. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 14:35, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
:'''Agree''', implement it also to [[Wikiversity:Curators]] proposal please. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 17:11, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
: I went ahead and filed [[phab:T424445]]. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:39, 26 April 2026 (UTC)

== [[Wikiversity:Curators|Curators and curators policy]] ==
{{archive top|There is strong consensus, so [[Wikiversity:Curators]] is now a policy. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:15, 9 May 2026 (UTC)}}
How does it come, that Wikiversity has curators, but Curators policy is still being proposed? How do the curators exists and act if the policy about them havent been approved yet? [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 18:33, 16 October 2025 (UTC)

:It looks as if it is not just curators. The policy on Bureaucratship is still being proposed as well. See [[Wikiversity:Bureaucratship]]. —[[User:RailwayEnthusiast2025|&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Verdana; color:#008000; text-shadow:gray 0.2em 0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;RailwayEnthusiast2025&lt;/span&gt;]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:RailwayEnthusiast2025|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#59a53f&quot;&gt;''talk with me!''&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 18:33, 27 October 2025 (UTC)

:I think its just the nature of a small WMF sister project in that there are lots of drafts, gaps, and potential improvements. In this case, these community would need to vote on those proposed Wikiversity staff policies if we think they're ready. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 02:08, 3 December 2025 (UTC)
:What? I thought you were getting it approved, Juandev... :) [[User:I&amp;#39;m Mr. Chris|I&amp;#39;m Mr. Chris]] ([[User talk:I&amp;#39;m Mr. Chris|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/I&amp;#39;m Mr. Chris|contribs]]) 14:20, 12 February 2026 (UTC)
::Yeah I think this one is important too and we need to aprove it too @[[User:I'm Mr. Chris|I'm Mr. Chris]]. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 15:56, 12 February 2026 (UTC)
:::I thinks its ready to made into a policy, it seems to be complete and informative about what the rights does and how to get it. [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 03:08, 15 February 2026 (UTC)
::::Agree -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:00, 27 March 2026 (UTC)

Let's make this the official discussion about adopting the [[Wikiversity:Curators|curators policy]] policy. Your comments are invited and welcome. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 08:40, 24 April 2026 (UTC)
: There were two similar Colloquium threads in separate places about the proposed curators policy. So I've moved them to be adjacent. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 12:42, 1 May 2026 (UTC)
{{archive bottom}}

== Wikiversity:Curators to become a policy ==
{{archive top|There is strong consensus, so [[Wikiversity:Curators]] is now a policy. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:16, 9 May 2026 (UTC)}}
I've looked at the discussions about the Curators policy, I've looked at the practices, and it seems to me that there is no dispute about the wording of the policy, and what's more, the community has been using this proposal as if it were an offical policy for several years. Therefore, I propose that [[Wikiversity:Curators]] become a policy. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 18:35, 18 April 2026 (UTC)

:{{support}} —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 18:54, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
:{{support}} —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 20:21, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
: {{support|Yes, please}}. Especially after when I and PieWriter proposed above, I agree. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 14:27, 24 April 2026 (UTC)
:: @[[User:Juandev|Juandev]]; as of now, curators now have the user rights &lt;code&gt;autopatrol&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;patrol&lt;/code&gt;. Perhaps we should also include that in [[Wikiversity:Custodianship]]? [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 12:07, 30 April 2026 (UTC)
:::You meant [[Wikiversity:Curators]] @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]? [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 12:15, 5 May 2026 (UTC)
:::: I agree that we must develop what rules curators should follow when marking new pages as patrolled; the same can be added for custodians since they can also mark new pages as patrolled. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 13:37, 5 May 2026 (UTC)
:::::I see, well I think you can just add this to the policy. It is not major change and it probably reflects actual practice or actual technical possibilities for those flags. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 09:20, 7 May 2026 (UTC)
:{{support}} -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 12:42, 1 May 2026 (UTC)
:{{Support}} per nom. [[User:PhilDaBirdMan|PhilDaBirdMan]] ([[User talk:PhilDaBirdMan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PhilDaBirdMan|contribs]]) 13:32, 1 May 2026 (UTC)
{{Archive bottom}}

== Is anyone interested in Neurodiversity? ==

Is anyone interested in Neurodiversity? Is there anyone here who is interested for Neurodiversity to be &quot;something more&quot; than it already is? Does anyone here consider Neurodiversity one of the &quot;harder topics&quot; to work on or discuss? Does anyone here have an opinion about the [[Neurodiversity Movement]]? So these questions don't appear like &quot;out of a vacuum&quot; I can tell you a bit about my background:

Many years ago I got a psychiatric diagnosis &quot;Asperger's&quot;. After I stepped out of the office and my Äsperger's was 'concluded', I stepped out into the street and thought my first negative thought(but the positive thought followed after). The thought was about concentration camps in the second world war and that the world seemed to be going into the direction of &quot;labeling others&quot;. I was unsure whether this was &quot;real science&quot; and sort of &quot;challenged myself&quot; to make up my own mind after meeting people that had been given this diagnosis. The more adults with this diagnosis I met the more I started seeing &quot;patterns&quot;.

Was it a coincidence that the first person with Asperger's I met reminded me about my father later after I had plenty of times of experience with interacting with him? None of the people I interacted with online through IRC text chat...I felt I got any clue about how &quot;their brains work&quot;. Only when I met one person from the Asperger's chat community in person we both realized that whatever we experienced was akin to the &quot;chaos theory&quot;. He told me about &quot;chaos theory&quot; while I didn't know even what that term meant but I guess I 'read between the lines'. My question that I linger on still today is &quot;did he understand about me what I think I understood about him?&quot;? That our brains had the same configuration? Most autistic adults who meet other autistic adults usually get disappointed. They think the diagnosis will help them meet somebody like themselves and then they realize the great diversity in the autistic spectrum created by Psychiatry.

I later stopped interacting with autistic communities that much, I felt that it did not benefit me. Also Neurodiversity's &quot;neurotypes&quot; interested me for a while until I realized I had &quot;misunderstood everything&quot; about them and how they are used in the Neurodiversity Movement or &quot;Neurodiversity community&quot; if that even can precisely be defined? I doubt it but if you want to contribute to the [[Neurodiversity Movement]]. My previous attempts failed as I got more and more confused. I think a community project needs a community. With a lack of that I don't think it is worth my time. If any of you would like to work on that project let me know on my talk page.

So I was kinda lost and was talking to my friend and psychologist and I realized if I never talk about my idea to anyone in a &quot;comprehensive way&quot; or show that it matters to me nothing is going to ever happen. So I started talking about my &quot;idea&quot; more. Nobody could understand the &quot;idea&quot; because I had not developed my skills regarding where to start...although the process had already started &quot;automatically&quot; and that's why I often think of &quot;well my brain sort of activated me&quot;. I don't feel like I did have a plan and this idea happened. It happened &quot;by itself&quot;. My brain reacted to what I was seeing in a video or stream.

I value interaction highly in this idea. I think it would be helpful to make a community of people who are not paranoid about stuff that can express itself like &quot;don't analyze me!&quot;, &quot;don't compare me to anyone!&quot;. 

On the contrary, more often than not those adults who were diagnosed were actually openly comparing themselves with each other and I think that is healthy in a &quot;science&quot; way if done the &quot;right way&quot; which probably means &quot;Do no harm&quot;.

I found video material is important but I'm very unsure if uploading own video material to Wikimedia Commons would constitute a &quot;reasonable&quot; use of the resources there. Maybe somebody here needs to ask more questions to me that I should answer before that happens. I also know the '''be bold''' so I could just do what I think might be ok. Though I work better in a group as long as I know what &quot;group configurations&quot; help me. This is in a non-profit way. Since the state supported me this might be a way I am trying to &quot;give back&quot; to the state and &quot;the world&quot;. May seem overly ambitious and crazy but this thing gives me energy. It gives me hope when trying to develop this idea. [[User:ThinkingScience|ThinkingScience]] ([[User talk:ThinkingScience|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ThinkingScience|contribs]]) 10:47, 23 April 2026 (UTC)

:Thanks for sharing. There is plenty of room for neurodiversity community learning. However, the challenge I think is that the intersection of those interested in (a) ND, and (b) English Wikiversity might be very small (e.g., 1!) at this point in time.
:But don't give up hope. For example, Wikipedia has many more ND-interested editors; maybe consider reaching out to see who might be interested:
:[[w:Category:Wikipedians interested in neurodiversity]]
:You could also start an equivalent category here:
:[[:Category:Wikiversitarians interested in neurodiversity]] -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 04:46, 6 May 2026 (UTC)

== Request for comment (global AI policy) ==

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 00:58, 26 April 2026 (UTC)&lt;/bdi&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=30424282 --&gt;

== Language learning  ==

toki! I am trying to add or see what the toki pona language learning stuff on here is but I don't see anything that is language learning for anything. [[User:Jan Imon|Jan Imon]] ([[User talk:Jan Imon|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jan Imon|contribs]]) 23:13, 2 May 2026 (UTC) —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 17:29, 3 May 2026 (UTC)

:We have language materials ([[:Category:Languages]], [[World Languages]], [[Portal:Foreign Language Learning]], [[Portal:Multilingual Studies]]). They are not as developed as I think we would all like and there's not any coverage of Toki Pona, but in principle, we could and would like that. You can also see [[:b:Subject:Languages]] at our sister project Wikibooks. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 17:33, 3 May 2026 (UTC)

== Timeline format? ==

I’ve been working on the World War II articles, including the [[World War II/Timeline|timeline]], and is there a specific timeline format that should be used? Right now it’s just a table, and there’s no separation between different periods/phases of the war.

I don’t want to use [[mw:Extension:EasyTimeline]] because this will be displaying dates and not time periods. [[User:PhilDaBirdMan|PhilDaBirdMan]] ([[User talk:PhilDaBirdMan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PhilDaBirdMan|contribs]]) 01:35, 4 May 2026 (UTC)

:I dont think we have a policy or guideline, how to format a timeline. But you may try to browes wikiversity by Google if someone was dealing with this in the past somewhow @[[User:PhilDaBirdMan|PhilDaBirdMan]]. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 12:23, 5 May 2026 (UTC)
::+1 - there's no specific guideline on how to format a timeline, it's really up to you. In my opinion I think the timeline is good. I'd personally bold the dates just to make it easier to separate it from the event description, but that's my personal 2 cents. —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 14:18, 5 May 2026 (UTC)
:::I’ll probably remove links to the dates/years, they’re just Wikipedia pages that shouldn’t be over linked to. [[User:PhilDaBirdMan|PhilDaBirdMan]] ([[User talk:PhilDaBirdMan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PhilDaBirdMan|contribs]]) 00:39, 6 May 2026 (UTC)

== Interface administrator for Codename Noreste ==
{{Archive top|After running for a week, there is clear consensus for [[User:Codename Noreste]] to have Interface admin rights for 120 days; implemented until 10 September, 2026 -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 22:36, 12 May 2026 (UTC)}}

Hello, everyone. I am requesting interface administrator access on this wiki.

The main reasoning is that I would benefit from having the user right &lt;code&gt;editinterface&lt;/code&gt;, which would allow me to make dark mode changes to pages in the MediaWiki namespace, add &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;mw-parser-output&quot;&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; to some interface pages using templates, handle interface-protected edit requests, and similar stuff. Additionally, I have some knowledge of CSS, and I would like to assist with modifying CSS pages whenever necessary, such as moving MediaWiki common.css code to TemplateStyles CSS pages.

I am requesting the maximum time that is allowed per the [[Wikiversity:Interface administrators|policy]], and I have 2FA enabled on my account. Thank you. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 00:55, 6 May 2026 (UTC)

*{{support}} Globally trusted user. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 01:07, 6 May 2026 (UTC)
*{{support}} Trusted and knowledgeable. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 04:35, 6 May 2026 (UTC)
*{{support}} WV would benefit from this. —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 08:32, 6 May 2026 (UTC)
*{{support}} --[[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 09:13, 7 May 2026 (UTC)

:{{Comment}} Could @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] delete [[MediaWiki:Gadget-WikiSign.js]], which was requested to be deleted @[[User:Koavf|Justin]], @[[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]], @[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]]? I dont think we need it. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 07:40, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
::Yes - clearly no longer used -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 10:18, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
::: I can't delete it because I don't have the required permissions to do so.
::: On a side note, if this project has a need for permanent interface administrators, I would suggest that we have a minimum of two IAs, similar to how there must be two CUs and/or suppressors (or none). Maybe Koavf can be a good candidate if I am elected for permanent interface adminship, and I believe that permission shouldn't be removed from someone's own account. Instead, a bureaucrat should do it. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 13:20, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
::::I am willing and happy to do it, unfortunately, we do not have an appetite for indef IAs and just had a discussion that resulted in a [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity:Interface_administrators&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=2807543 consensus that we can have IAs that have the user rights for 14 to 120 days]. So once you have the rights, please make sure to gopher it. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 17:54, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
:::::@[[User:Koavf|Koavf]] give it time. Look at me, I was in favor of shorter time, now I am looking back to times, when custodians could do it without the need of extra flag. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 18:31, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
::::::Here's hoping. I think it would reduce administrative overhead, but that's just me and I'm not a bureaucrat here. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 18:33, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
::::Complicated. Where are the times, admins could do everything! [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 18:27, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
{{archive bottom}}

== [[Wikiversity:Bureaucratship]] to become a policy ==
{{archive top|'''Approved - now a policy'''. 5 supports + 1 nominator. No objections.}}
Following the recent approval of [[Wikiversity:Curators]] as a policy, I think [[Wikiversity:Bureaucratship]] may also be ready for policy status.

Please share your views about whether bureaucratship is ready to become a policy, or whether further revisions are needed.

-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 13:58, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
: I added a logo about that user group, but other than that, it looks good to me. {{support}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 14:38, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
:I think that the consensus on this policy is proven by years of using it without further changes. But I I have to say weather I agree with this to become a policy, than of course {{support}}. It works and there were no major issues with it. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 18:45, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
:{{support}} no issues. —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 14:51, 10 May 2026 (UTC)
:{{support}} [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 12:37, 11 May 2026 (UTC)
:{{support}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 06:51, 12 May 2026 (UTC)
{{archive bottom}}

== Reminder about custodian-related pages ==

I would like to remind the community about what the following custodian pages are:
* [[Wikiversity:Request custodian action]] is for requesting actions to be done by custodians, and
* [[Wikiversity:Notices for custodians]] is for notices of interest to custodians, like an administrator's noticeboard
Thank you. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 14:12, 12 May 2026 (UTC)

:Thanks - I needed this reminder :) -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 22:21, 12 May 2026 (UTC)

== [[MediaWiki:Protectedpagetext#Protected edit request on 11 December 2025]] ==

I posted an edit request there 5 months ago, so I’ll be taking it to this page. [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-28640-56|&amp;#126;2026-28640-56]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2026-28640-56|talk]]) 23:33, 12 May 2026 (UTC)

:What exactly is the problem? I don't understand what needs to change and why. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 23:35, 12 May 2026 (UTC)
: Pinging @[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]], @[[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] and @[[User:Juandev|Juandev]] for further input. Someone is requesting a modification to [[MediaWiki:Protectedpagetext]] to use {{tlx|Protected page text}}, but we might need to discuss whether to use the template. In the meantime, I'll start a sandbox version of the protected page text template. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 23:19, 14 May 2026 (UTC)
::Sounds good -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 04:13, 15 May 2026 (UTC)

== Create a pseudo-bot user group? ==

I would like to propose adding a new user group to Wikiversity: Pseudo-bot (&lt;code&gt;flood&lt;/code&gt;). This will allow users to perform repetitive actions without flushing the recent changes feed (with only the &lt;code&gt;bot&lt;/code&gt; user right). However, I would suggest that for the pseudo-bot user group:
* It can be granted and revoked by custodians. However, can curators add and remove pseudo-bot from their own accounts (and not others)?
* Users can remove themselves from it.
* A guideline might be necessary about the information and usage of it.
Thoughts? [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 03:31, 14 May 2026 (UTC)

:This sounds good. Which other wiki could we model this user group on? e.g., [[b:Wikibooks:Pseudo-bots]]? -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 04:19, 15 May 2026 (UTC)
::@[[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] Wikiquote has a similar group: [[:wikiquote:Special:ListGroupRights]] [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 04:25, 15 May 2026 (UTC)

== Coming over From wikinews ==
Any chance someone could help me if you are allowed to write news articles here since wikinews is going read only mode soon, thank you! [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BigKrow|contribs]]) 22:43, 1 May 2026 (UTC)

:The scope of Wikiversity is very broad and is basically about more-or-less any learning material. We have made it a point to not have duplicative content of other WMF projects, but since Wikinews is being shuttered, I personally am fine with writing news articles here. One thing that is not controversial at all is a learning resource &lt;em&gt;about&lt;/em&gt; how to write news: that could be hugely useful here and could involve the process of writing news stories to learn and to share back and forth with an editor or fact-checker. In fact, I'd support an entire namespace dedicated to keeping the notion of Wikinews alive here. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 23:38, 1 May 2026 (UTC)
::Thank you so much! How do I start? Cheers! @[[User:Koavf|Koavf]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BigKrow|contribs]]) 01:07, 2 May 2026 (UTC)
:::I think it's premature to start just making news articles en masse, but if you want to start discussing the topic of citizen journalism, you can do that now. [[:Category:Journalism]] already has some material, so you can start by seeing what we already have, how you can refine that, etc. You can definitely have learning resources with collaborators who want to learn about journalism ASAP. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 01:24, 2 May 2026 (UTC)
::::thanks. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BigKrow|contribs]]) 01:38, 2 May 2026 (UTC)
::::If I could try and start one News Article could you please tell me how to go about it? Like what style of writing like Wikinews or something else? Thank you Justin! @[[User:Koavf|Koavf]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BigKrow|contribs]]) 01:48, 2 May 2026 (UTC)
:::::Honestly, there are very few policies and guidelines here. I think the best way to write a news story would be in a manner that is obvious and instructive. So, for instance, it's common to use the &quot;pyramid style&quot; when you're writing news, so if you were to write a story that makes it very clear that you are using that approach, that would be helpful. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 02:08, 2 May 2026 (UTC)
::::::cool thanks. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BigKrow|contribs]]) 02:13, 2 May 2026 (UTC)
::::::im ready to write @[[User:Koavf|Koavf]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BigKrow|contribs]]) 21:30, 13 May 2026 (UTC)
:::::::I think we should get more local consensus for a big project like including the entirety of the scope of Wikinews here. Again, I support it personally. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 21:55, 13 May 2026 (UTC)
::::::::ok lets begin. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BigKrow|contribs]]) 22:15, 13 May 2026 (UTC)

== Proposal to rehost Wikinews here ==

As many of you know, and mentioned here at the Colloquium, our sister project Wikinews recently closed, with all 31 active editions made read-only. [[User:BigKrow]] has asked about the prospect of writing news stories here and I suggested that since we already have [[School:Journalism]] and some resources related to the [[:Category:Journalism|broader topic of journalism]]. I would like to propose that we have continued and indefinite space for {{w|citizen journalism}} by essentially repurposing Wikinews into a sub-project here. The only special infrastructure that Wikinews required was [[:mw:Extension:DynamicPageList]], which was deactivated and caused issues due to a lack of maintenance.

I will add this proposal to the site banner, but I recognize that that may be a conflict of interest, so if anyone requests that I remove it, I will. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 05:30, 14 May 2026 (UTC)
:I would like to see this conversation go for at least 30 days to establish a consensus. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 05:35, 14 May 2026 (UTC)

===Votes===
*{{support}} as proposer (with BK's inspiration). I think that an ongoing experiment in citizen journalism is a fit and appropriate use of this site. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 05:35, 14 May 2026 (UTC)
*{{support}}, hope to seeing ideas about this, and thank you @[[User:Koavf|Koavf]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BigKrow|contribs]]) 11:08, 14 May 2026 (UTC)
*{{support}} Other than perhaps inflating the total number of pages reported, I see the idea of &quot;practicing journalism&quot; a worthy and relevant activity within the domain of Wikiversity. [[User:IanVG|IanVG]] ([[User talk:IanVG|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/IanVG|contribs]]) 21:41, 14 May 2026 (UTC)
*{{support}} Conditional on development of (a) community guidelines that ensure alignment with Wikiversity's purpose, and (b) clear, nested page-naming structures for projects. More detail below. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:48, 15 May 2026 (UTC)
*{{contra}} This proposal doesn't seem interested in expanding educational materials in journalism, but rather in providing space and protection for Wikinews contributors. But this is contrary to the goals of Wikiversity, and I'm not sure it's a good idea, even with regard to WMF. If WMF decides to close a project and another community lets it run on its domain, that's a bit of an undermining of WMF's and the community's decisions. Given that Wikiversity has had several conflicts with other communities and WMF in its history, I'm against it.--[[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 18:59, 15 May 2026 (UTC)

===Comments and questions===
:Definitely worthy of discussion, so I have no problem with the proposal in the sitenotice.
:Initial questions:
:* Does this proposal include importing English Wikinews content e.g., to [[Wikinews]] subpages?
:* What are &quot;active editions&quot;?
:* How can Wikiversity navigate the concerns that lead to the closure of Wikinews?
:* Are any changes to the scope of Wikinews proposed?
:* How does [[Wikinews]] fit with the [[Wikiversity:Mission]]? What aligns well? Where might there be tension?
:** e.g., I'm not sure that a page like [[User:BigKrow/Manchester City moves two points behind Arsenal]] in and of itself will serve as an educational resource.
:-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 05:52, 14 May 2026 (UTC)
:* Does this proposal include importing English Wikinews content e.g., to [[Wikinews]] subpages?
::*No, not at this time.
:* What are &quot;active editions&quot;?
::*There were 30 other active editions of Wikinews in addition to English (e.g. [[:n:es:]]) at the time of universal closure (2026-05-04).
:* How can Wikiversity navigate the concerns that lead to the closure of Wikinews?
::*One of the biggest issues was the problems with DPL, which is now irrelevant. Another was the lack of activity, which can be ameliorated by having it be part of an existing project instead of its own domain (e.g. some editions of Wikipedia host their own Wikinews already and those projects were not impacted by the closure).
:* Are any changes to the scope of Wikinews proposed?
::*Not at this juncture. I would also propose as far as implemention goes that we would request a new namespace and that the material be more-or-less sequestered into its own ongoing project, like Wikijournal is or like the Cookbook and Wikijunior are at our sister [[:b:]].
:* How does [[Wikinews]] fit with the [[Wikiversity:Mission]]? What aligns well? Where might there be tension?
:** e.g., I'm not sure that a page like [[Story/Manchester City moves two points behind Arsenal]] in and of itself will serve as an educational resource.
::*The process of citizen journalists practicing their craft in real-time and collaborating with others to do so is itself an education activity. We would essentially be hosting a real-time experiment in citizen journalism, online communities, and collaborative learning in addition to the prospect of spreading educational information from someone actually reading the news. I would propose that we could also make a more deliberate attempt to engage with learning &lt;em&gt;about&lt;/em&gt; what does and doesn't work with collaborative news writing by experimentation (e.g. audio news, syndicating to other sites, incorporating freely-licensed news from other sources, writing hyper-local news, writing briefs versus longer-term reportage) and also seeing if the problems noted in the Task Force report that recommended closure can be overcome. Note that we have already done some local investigation about and learning about wiki-based journalism on Wikinews here at [[Journalism studies and Wikinews]]. We could continue that learning and refine the process, including incorporating journalism students from universities. As for tensions, Wikinews is the only sister project that must be done with a quick turn-around: if you take a long time to [[:s:|transcribe a book]], that's just how long it takes, but if you take a long time to write news, it ceases to be news entirely. Wikiversity has been a very slow-growing project that has definitely had some successes but has generally come together over a long period with most learning resources being individual passion projects (or sometimes, frankly, crankery) which would not work with collaborative news that requires more than just a single editor writing whatever he feels like.
::Please let me know any other questions/concerns and any other editors feel free to give your own perspective. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 06:13, 14 May 2026 (UTC)
:::Thanks, Justin — it is food for thought.
:::In attempting to understand how we've arrived here, I've summarised some of the background on this page: [[Wikinews]].
:::Perhaps it could be helpful to flesh out more of the vision / ideas / possibilities / challenges on that page? -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:49, 14 May 2026 (UTC)

:::*Having given it some thought, in principle, I support hosting [[citizen journalism]] on Wikiversity where it is clearly connected to a learning project and/or constitutes original research, both of which align strongly with [[Wikiversity:Mission|Wikiversity’s educational mission]].
:::*My chief concern is the potential for news content that is not clearly linked to the purpose of Wikiversity. To avoid this, some community-agreed guidelines would be prudent. These need not be overly restrictive; they should support boldness and experimentation while helping ensure alignment with Wikiversity's purpose.
:::*Given the reported low and declining activity on Wikinews, it seems unlikely that English Wikiversity would be overwhelmed by an influx of news-related editing. My impression is that English Wikinews was the most active edition, but even so, many contributors are likely to disperse to other projects or cease editing altogether. A modest migration of interested editors to Wikiversity seems manageable.
:::*At this stage, I do not think a dedicated namespace is necessary. Subpages under [[Wikinews]] or nested pages under relevant learning or research projects, or user-space draft pages should be suitable. I agree that [[Wikijournal]] offers a useful model, as do several existing course structures on Wikiversity.
:::*I support [[User:Koavf]]’s suggestions about framing Wikinews activity explicitly around learning. This would create a distinctive space for experimenting with collaborative news production in ways that are pedagogically meaningful. I agree that the [[journalism studies and Wikinews]] project developed by David and Leigh Blackall through the University of Wollongong is an excellent example of the intersection between Wikiversity and Wikinews. The [[Wikinews]] page could evolve into a hub for such projects.
:::*I've tidied the [[:Category:Wikinews|Wikinews category]] and merged some content into the [[Wikinews]] page. As part of a reinvigoration effort, please review these and related resources such as [[:Category:Journalism]] and [[School:Journalism]].
:::*A further argument in favour of this initiative is that Wikipedia explicitly excludes both news reporting and original research. So, there is value in maintaining spaces within the Wikimedia ecosystem where these forms of knowledge production can be openly developed and curated. Such work can, in turn, generate valuable evidence and source material that may later inform Wikipedia articles.
:::*The closure of WMF-hosted Wikinews does not imply that open wiki-based news curation lacks value. Indeed, the closure documentation appears supportive of experimentation with alternative news models across Wikimedia projects, including through Wikipedia and Wikidata. In that context, Wikiversity seems a natural home for a Wikinews experiment, provided it is clearly grounded in learning and/or research.
:::-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:39, 15 May 2026 (UTC)
My understanding towards Wikinews' failure is that everything takes too long to be approved for the publish status, which means that any breaking news would have already become days-old stale news. Wikinews has a brand recognition (for right or wrong reasons) than Wikiversity and I wonder how effective Wikiversity can attract the &quot;Wikinews refugees&quot; to edit here. And just a quick note on the governance. Since each Wikiversity language operates independently, each language has to vote &amp; adopt this proposal independently. [[User:OhanaUnited|&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0000FF;&quot;&gt;OhanaUnited&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;]][[User talk:OhanaUnited|&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;Talk page&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;]] 13:47, 15 May 2026 (UTC)

:Your assessment about Wikinews is partially correct. I referenced it earlier, but to be explicit, there is a [[:m:Proposal for Closing Wikinews|report by a task force on sister projects]] that outlines their concerns. There are a few, one of which was the nature of the staleness of news. Thanks also for clarifying that this proposal is only relevant to en.wv and is not binding or even proposed for other editions of Wikiversity. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 18:54, 15 May 2026 (UTC)

== Inactivity policy for Curators ==

I was wondering if there is a specific inactivity polity for curators (semi-admins) as I am pretty sure the global policy does not apply to them as they are not ''fully'' sysops. [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 03:20, 15 February 2026 (UTC)

:Unfortunately, I don't see an inactivity policy, but if we were to create such a new policy for curators, it should be the same for custodians (administrators). [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 18:45, 15 February 2026 (UTC)
::@[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] There is currently none, that I could find, for custodians either. [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 00:47, 17 February 2026 (UTC)
:::I think we should propose a local inactivity policy for custodians (and by extension, curators), which should be at least one year without any edits ''and'' logged actions. However, I don't know which page should it be when the inactivity removal procedure starts. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 00:53, 17 February 2026 (UTC)
::::@[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] In theory, there should be a section added at [[WV:Candidates for custodianship]] [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 00:55, 17 February 2026 (UTC)
::::: To be consistent with the [[meta:Admin activity review|global period of 2 years inactivity]] for en.wv  [[Wikiversity:Custodianship#Notes|Custodians]] and [[Wikiversity:Bureaucratship#How are bureaucrats removed?|Bureaucrats]] we could add something like this to [[Wikiversity:Curators]]:
::::::The maximum time period of inactivity &lt;u&gt;without community review&lt;/u&gt; for curators is two years (consistent with  the [[:meta:Category:Global policies|global policy]] described at [[meta:Admin activity review|Admin activity review]] which applies for [[Wikiversity:Custodianship#Notes|Custodians]] and [[Wikiversity:Bureaucratship|Bureaucrats]]). After that time a custodian will remove the rights.
::::: -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 10:51, 27 March 2026 (UTC)
:::::Yup, I agree with Jtneill, there is a policy proposal for Wikiversity:Curators, where it should be logically deployed. The question is if we are ready to aprove the policy. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 17:43, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
:::::: I agree, but we should notify the colloquium about inactive curators, just like a steward would do for inactive custodians and bureaucrats per [[:m:Admin activity review|AAR]]. What is the minimum timeframe an inactive curator should receive so they can respond they would keep their rights? [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 17:49, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
:I incorporated these suggestions into the proposed curators policy. Please review/comment/improve. Summary: 2 years, notify curator's user page, then remove rights after 1 month: [[Wikiversity:Curators#Inactivity]]. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 08:59, 24 April 2026 (UTC)
:: @[[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] I created [[Template:Inactive curator]] for this. Feel free to make any changes or improvements. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 14:29, 24 April 2026 (UTC)
:::Wondering, should we also have:
:::* {{tl|Inactive custodian}}
:::* {{tl|Inactive bureaucrat}}
:::or perhaps just a single template with a parameter(s) for the user right(s)/role(s)? e.g., 
:::* if a custodian is inactive for 2 years, then custodian and curator rights are to be removed and 
:::* if a bureaucrat is inactive for 2 years, then bureaucrat, custodian, and curator rights are to to be removed.
:::-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 09:58, 13 May 2026 (UTC)
:::: I would probably modify that template when we actually develop our own inactivity policy, because we're currently under the AAR (a steward notifies the colloquium with [[m:Admin activity review/Notice to communities]], and inactive advanced right holders with [[m:Admin activity review/Notice to inactive right holders]]). [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:16, 13 May 2026 (UTC)
:::::Ah, I see. Yes, that makes sense. Thankyou. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 04:21, 15 May 2026 (UTC)
: In that case, should we develop our own inactivity policy (e.g. on [[Wikiversity:Inactivity policy]] or [[Wikiversity:Support staff/Inactivity]])? I would list the general inactivity part, the process, etc. Once it's approved as a policy, I will [[m:Stewards' noticeboard|notify the stewards]]. Thoughts? [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:30, 16 May 2026 (UTC)
::Originally, I would have thought that, for a small wiki like en.wv, it made sense to leave inactivity monitoring to the stewards. However, with the creation of the curator user group, we have already taken on local responsibility for monitoring inactivity in at least one advanced-rights group. Extending this to custodians and bureaucrats would not add much additional overhead and would provide a more consistent and transparent local administrative process.
::One option would be to develop a single, centralised policy covering all advanced-rights groups.
::An alternative would be to include an ==Inactivity== section on each relevant policy page (e.g., we already have [[Wikiversity:Curatorship#Inactivity]], but not yet in the custodianship, and bureaucratship policy pages). This approach would allow some flexibility because different user groups may warrant different criteria (such as inactivity thresholds, qualifying activity, or review procedures).
::A hybrid approach may be best: maintain separate inactivity sections within each user-group policy page, while transcluding these into a central overview page such as Codename Noreste suggests. This would preserve clarity at the local policy level while also providing a single reference point for consistency and oversight. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 23:09, 16 May 2026 (UTC)
::: I would suggest we develop a centralized inactivity policy page, and include a short summarized section of that page, on the support staff user group pages. We must also include a link to that policy page if we were to add &lt;nowiki&gt;== Inactivity ==&lt;/nowiki&gt; to each of those user group pages. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:48, 17 May 2026 (UTC)

== Inactive curators ==

Hello, even though [[Wikiversity:Curators]] is not a policy yet, there are curators listed here that have been inactive for two years or more:
* {{user|Cody naccarato}} (last edit on 13 Dec 2022, last logged action on 10 Dec 2022)
* {{user|Praxidicae}} (last edit on 10 Sep 2022, last logged action on 12 Sep 2022)
[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 21:14, 19 April 2026 (UTC)

:Yup, I would remove the rights. To get the rights back if theyll come back should not be a big deal. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 20:08, 24 April 2026 (UTC)
:: When they don't reply by May 19, feel free (or any custodian) to do so. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 00:28, 25 April 2026 (UTC)

==Curator inactivity review==
These curators haven't been active for &gt; 2 years. As per the [[Wikiversity:Curatorship|curatorship policy]]:
* [[Special:Log/Cody naccarato]] was notified on their talk page by [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] on 24 Apr 2026
* [[Special:Log/Praxidicae]] was notified on their talk page by [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] on 24 Apr 2026
* [[Special:Log/Tegel]] was notified on their talk page by [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] notified their talk page on 16 May 2026

The policy allows a month to hear from these users. If no response, a custodian will remove their curator rights.

-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 06:14, 16 May 2026 (UTC)
: For Cody naccarato and Praxidicae, their rights are to be removed by the 19th of May if they don't respond either here or on their talk page. For Tegel, the removal will happen on the 16th of June, probably. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:13, 16 May 2026 (UTC)
::Should be 24 May for Cody naccarato and Praxidicae? -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 23:11, 16 May 2026 (UTC)
::: I made [[#Inactive curators]] on the 19th of April. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 03:18, 17 May 2026 (UTC)
::::OK, I see (had missed that thread, sorry - I've now moved the the 3 inactivity topics to be adjacent).
::::I'm thinking the curator policy indicates one month from user talk page notification? -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 06:44, 17 May 2026 (UTC)
::::: Yes. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:49, 17 May 2026 (UTC)

== [[Wikiversity:Deletion policy]] proposed as policy ==

[[Wikiversity:Deletions]] has been operating as a [[Wikiversity:Guidelines|guideline]]. It has been revised and moved to [[Wikiversity:Deletion policy]], consistent with naming conventions used across sister projects such as Wikipedia, Wikibooks, and Wikiquote. The speedy deletion criteria have also been updated for consistency with [[MediaWiki:Deletereason-dropdown]].

This proposal is for the page to be formally adopted as [[Wikiversity:Policies|Wikiversity policy]].

Community feedback is invited, including suggestions for further improvements that may strengthen the proposed policy.

=== Voting ===
*{{support}} Seems reasonable. If there's somehow something missed here, we can just amend it later. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 05:33, 18 May 2026 (UTC)

=== Comments ===</text>
      <sha1>c3smxwpnx09ufolun2gjklpkm13r07q</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikiversity:Support staff</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>55</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2810110</id>
      <parentid>2809626</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T11:08:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Update link</comment>
      <origin>2810110</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3833" sha1="9m21mjh3r51ksdcrzuyjaw494h2fk8o" xml:space="preserve">{{Shortcut|WV:STAFF|WV:SUPPORT|WV:SS}}
__NOTOC__
Wikiversity staff are trusted [[Wikiversity:Users|users]] who volunteer to help maintain the site as [[Wikiversity:Curators|curators]], [[Wikiversity:Custodianship|custodians]], or [[Wikiversity:Bureaucratship|bureaucrats]]. They are happy to assist and answer any of your questions. Request assistance at [[Wikiversity:Request custodian action|request custodian action]] or contact someone directly.

== Support staff directory ==
{{Shortcut|WV:STAFF/D|WV:SUPPORT/D|WV:SS/D}}

* Staff who have been active in the last three months (as of April 2026&lt;ref&gt;based on [[Special:Log]] actions&lt;/ref&gt;) are shown in bold
* Inactive staff members may not be available to provide assistance
* Missing staff members and missing details should be added
&lt;!-- Please update [[Template:Support staff]], thank you! --&gt;
{{Support staff}}

==Automatic lists of support staff==
*[[Special:ListUsers|Users]]
**[[Special:ListUsers/bureaucrat|Bureaucrats]]
**[[Special:ListUsers/checkuser|Checkusers]]
**[[Special:ListUsers/curator|Curators]]
**[[Special:ListUsers/sysop|Custodians]]

== Roles ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:left;&quot;
|+Overview of support staff roles
!scope=&quot;col&quot;| Role
!scope=&quot;col&quot;| Description
!scope=&quot;col&quot;| Key Permissions
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;| '''[[Wikiversity:Curators|Curator]]'''
| Users who help manage Wikiversity content.
| 
* [[Wikiversity:Deletion policy|Delete pages]]
* [[Wikiversity:Rollback|Rollback edits]]
* [[Wikiversity:Import|Import content]]
* [[Wikiversity:Page protection|Protect pages]]
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;| '''[[Wikiversity:Custodianship|Custodian]]'''
| Equivalent to administrators (sysops) on other Wikimedia projects.
| 
* All curator permissions
* [[Wikiversity:Blocking policy|Block users]]
* Edit user interface text
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;| '''[[Wikiversity:Bureaucratship|Bureaucrat]]'''
| Senior users with advanced user management permissions.
| 
* All custodian permissions
* Promote users to curator or custodian
* Grant/revoke [[Wikiversity:Bots|bot]] and [[Wikiversity:Interface administrators|interface admin]] rights
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;| '''[[Wikiversity:CheckUser policy|CheckUser]]'''
| Users who can investigate misuse of multiple accounts
|
* Investigate sockpuppetry and abuse
* Access technical user data via [[meta:Checkuser|CheckUser tool]]
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;| '''[[Wikiversity:Bots|Bots]]'''
| Automated or semi-automated accounts used to perform repetitive tasks.
|
* Fix links
* Correct typos
* Update categories
* Perform maintenance tasks
|}

== Candidates ==
[[File:Wikiversity Administrator.svg|right|110px]]
'''If you would like to help out as a staff member on Wikiversity, please list yourself at''':
* [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Curatorship|Candidates for Curatorship]]
* [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Custodianship|Candidates for Custodianship]]
* [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Curatorship|Candidates for Bureaucratship]]

You are strongly advised to familiarise yourself with [[Wikiversity:Maintenance|the maintenance page]] and  [[Wikiversity:Policy|Wikiversity policies]], and to involve yourself with non-custodial maintenance tasks before you apply. There are lots of ways you can help Wikiversity without/before becoming a staff member.

==See also==
*[[Wikiversity:Maintenance]]
*[[Wikiversity:Notices for custodians|Notices for custodians]]
*[[Wikiversity:Request custodian action]]
*[[Wikiversity:User access levels]]

==Footnote==
&lt;references /&gt;

==External links==
*[https://xtools.wmflabs.org/adminstats/en.wikiversity.org?actions=delete|revision-delete|log-delete|restore|re-block|unblock|re-protect|unprotect|rights|merge|import|abusefilter Staff activity on Wikiversity]

[[Category:Wikiversity administration]]
[[Category:Wikiversity custodianship|Wikiversity custodianship]]
[[Category:Wikiversity support staff]]</text>
      <sha1>9m21mjh3r51ksdcrzuyjaw494h2fk8o</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>MediaWiki:Noarticletext</title>
    <ns>8</ns>
    <id>921</id>
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      <id>2809963</id>
      <parentid>2771743</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-17T22:39:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Remove Wikinews (project has closed)</comment>
      <origin>2809963</origin>
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|{{ns:Category}}='''[[:{{ns:Project}}:Category|No category]]''' by this exact name has been started yet.
|{{ns:Help}}='''[[:{{ns:Help}}:Contents|No help]]''' is available for this topic yet.
|{{ns:Portal}}='''[[:{{ns:Project}}:Portal|No portal]]''' is available for this topic yet.
|{{ns:School}}='''[[:{{ns:Project}}:Schools|No school]]''' is available for this topic yet.
|{{ns:Topic}}='''[[:{{ns:Project}}:Topics|No topic]]''' is available by this exact name yet.
|{{ns:Template}}='''[[:{{ns:Project}}:Template messages|No template]]''' by this exact name has been started yet.
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|{{ns:MediaWiki}}='''[[mw:Manual:Interface/{{PAGENAME}}|No interface message]]''' by this exact name has been created yet.
|'''No page''' by this exact name has been created yet.
}}&amp;nbsp;([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=edit}} {{#switch:{{NAMESPACE}}|User talk=post message|{{TALKSPACE}}=discuss|create}}]{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:0}}|{{!}}[[:{{ns:Project}}:Page creation requests|request]]}}{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{TALKSPACE}}={{#ifexist:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|{{!}}[[:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|read]]}}}}{{!}}[[:{{ns:Special}}:Search/{{SUBPAGENAME}}|search]]{{!}}[[{{ns:Special}}:Whatlinkshere/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|links]])&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
{| style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0px auto; background:var(--background-color-base, white); color: inherit; border-spacing:0px;&quot;
 | colspan=&quot;9&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; padding:0.5em 1em;&quot; | Look for this page on other projects hosted by the [[w:Wikimedia|Wikimedia Foundation]]:
 |- align=&quot;center&quot;
 | style=&quot;width:11%&quot; | [[File:Wikibooks-logo.svg|35px|link=b:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Wikibooks]]
 | style=&quot;width:11%&quot; | [[File:Wikipedia-logo.png|35px|link=w:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Wikipedia]]
 | style=&quot;width:11%&quot; | [[File:Wiktionary-logo.svg|35px|link=wikt:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Wiktionary]]
 | style=&quot;width:11%&quot; | [[File:Wikiquote-logo.svg|35px|link=q:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Wikiquote]]
 | style=&quot;width:11%&quot; | [[File:Wikisource-logo.svg|35px|link=s:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Wikisource]]
 | style=&quot;width:11%&quot; | [[File:Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg|35px|link=m:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Meta Wikimedia]]
 | style=&quot;width:11%&quot; | [[File:Commons-logo.svg|31px|link=commons:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Wikimedia Commons]]
 | style=&quot;width:11%&quot; | [[File:Wikispecies-logo.svg|35px|link=wikispecies:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Wikispecies]]
 |- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | [[b:{{PAGENAME}}|Wikibooks]]
&lt;small&gt;Textbooks and manuals&lt;/small&gt;
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | [[w:{{PAGENAME}}|Wikipedia]]
&lt;small&gt;Encyclopedia&lt;/small&gt;
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | [[wikt:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|Wiktionary]]
&lt;small&gt;Dictionary and thesaurus&lt;/small&gt;
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | [[q:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|Wikiquote]]
&lt;small&gt;Quotations Collection&lt;/small&gt;
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | [[s:{{PAGENAME}}|Wikisource]]
&lt;small&gt;Documentations library&lt;/small&gt;
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | [[m:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|Meta]]
&lt;small&gt;Wikimedia project coordination&lt;/small&gt;
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | [[commons:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|Commons]]
&lt;small&gt;Media repository&lt;/small&gt;
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | [[wikispecies:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|Wikispecies]]
&lt;small&gt;Species directory&lt;/small&gt;
 |}
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;noarticletext_technical&quot; class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
----
Recent changes to this page may not always be shown immediately. Try the [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=purge}} purge] function and wait a few minutes before attempting to recreate this page. This page may also have been moved or [[:{{ns:Project}}:Deletion policy|deleted]]. Try checking the [{{fullurl:Special:Log/delete|page={{FULLPAGENAMEE}}}} deletion log], or the [[:{{ns:Project}}:Requests for Deletion|requests for deletion]] page.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</text>
      <sha1>om9boli6eikzx5x6h097zu67i7pgkjw</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2809964</id>
      <parentid>2809963</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-17T22:44:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+ Wikivoyage</comment>
      <origin>2809964</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4475" sha1="hl8hey8dct6awno8rh8bpptcj79j3xq" xml:space="preserve">&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks=&quot; id=&quot;noarticletext&quot;&gt;
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|User talk='''No messages''' have been left for this user yet.
|{{TALKSPACE}}='''[[:Help:Talk page|No discussion]]''' has started for this page yet.
|{{ns:Category}}='''[[:{{ns:Project}}:Category|No category]]''' by this exact name has been started yet.
|{{ns:Help}}='''[[:{{ns:Help}}:Contents|No help]]''' is available for this topic yet.
|{{ns:Portal}}='''[[:{{ns:Project}}:Portal|No portal]]''' is available for this topic yet.
|{{ns:School}}='''[[:{{ns:Project}}:Schools|No school]]''' is available for this topic yet.
|{{ns:Topic}}='''[[:{{ns:Project}}:Topics|No topic]]''' is available by this exact name yet.
|{{ns:Template}}='''[[:{{ns:Project}}:Template messages|No template]]''' by this exact name has been started yet.
|{{ns:User}}={{#ifeq:{{basepage subpage|false|true}}|false|'''[[:{{ns:Project}}:User page|No information]]''' has been provided by this user yet, or no user by this exact name exists yet.|'''No user [[:Help:Subpages|subpage]]''' by this name yet exists.}}
|{{ns:MediaWiki}}='''[[mw:Manual:Interface/{{PAGENAME}}|No interface message]]''' by this exact name has been created yet.
|'''No page''' by this exact name has been created yet.
}}&amp;nbsp;([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=edit}} {{#switch:{{NAMESPACE}}|User talk=post message|{{TALKSPACE}}=discuss|create}}]{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:0}}|{{!}}[[:{{ns:Project}}:Page creation requests|request]]}}{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{TALKSPACE}}={{#ifexist:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|{{!}}[[:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|read]]}}}}{{!}}[[:{{ns:Special}}:Search/{{SUBPAGENAME}}|search]]{{!}}[[{{ns:Special}}:Whatlinkshere/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|links]])&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
{| style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0px auto; background:var(--background-color-base, white); color: inherit; border-spacing:0px;&quot;
 | colspan=&quot;9&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; padding:0.5em 1em;&quot; | Look for this page on other projects hosted by the [[w:Wikimedia|Wikimedia Foundation]]:
 |- align=&quot;center&quot;
 | style=&quot;width:11%&quot; | [[File:Wikibooks-logo.svg|35px|link=b:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Wikibooks]]
 | style=&quot;width:11%&quot; | [[File:Wikipedia-logo.png|35px|link=w:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Wikipedia]]
 | style=&quot;width:11%&quot; | [[File:Wiktionary-logo.svg|35px|link=wikt:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Wiktionary]]
 | style=&quot;width:11%&quot; | [[File:Wikiquote-logo.svg|35px|link=q:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Wikiquote]]
 | style=&quot;width:11%&quot; | [[File:Wikisource-logo.svg|35px|link=s:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Wikisource]]
 | style=&quot;width:11%&quot; | [[File:Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg|35px|link=m:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Meta Wikimedia]]
 | style=&quot;width:11%&quot; | [[File:Commons-logo.svg|31px|link=commons:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Wikimedia Commons]]
 | style=&quot;width:11%&quot; | [[File:Wikispecies-logo.svg|35px|link=wikispecies:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Wikispecies]]
 | style=&quot;width:11%&quot; | [[File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg|51px|link=n:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Wikivoyage]]
 |- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | [[b:{{PAGENAME}}|Wikibooks]]
&lt;small&gt;Textbooks and manuals&lt;/small&gt;
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | [[w:{{PAGENAME}}|Wikipedia]]
&lt;small&gt;Encyclopedia&lt;/small&gt;
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | [[wikt:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|Wiktionary]]
&lt;small&gt;Dictionary and thesaurus&lt;/small&gt;
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | [[q:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|Wikiquote]]
&lt;small&gt;Quotations Collection&lt;/small&gt;
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | [[s:{{PAGENAME}}|Wikisource]]
&lt;small&gt;Documentations library&lt;/small&gt;
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | [[m:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|Meta]]
&lt;small&gt;Wikimedia project coordination&lt;/small&gt;
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | [[commons:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|Commons]]
&lt;small&gt;Media repository&lt;/small&gt;
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | [[wikispecies:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|Wikispecies]]
&lt;small&gt;Species directory&lt;/small&gt;
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | [[Wikivoyage:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|Wikivoyage]]
&lt;small&gt;News reports&lt;/small&gt;
 |}
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;noarticletext_technical&quot; class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
----
Recent changes to this page may not always be shown immediately. Try the [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=purge}} purge] function and wait a few minutes before attempting to recreate this page. This page may also have been moved or [[:{{ns:Project}}:Deletion policy|deleted]]. Try checking the [{{fullurl:Special:Log/delete|page={{FULLPAGENAMEE}}}} deletion log], or the [[:{{ns:Project}}:Requests for Deletion|requests for deletion]] page.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</text>
      <sha1>hl8hey8dct6awno8rh8bpptcj79j3xq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>MediaWiki:Sitenotice</title>
    <ns>8</ns>
    <id>1213</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2809959</id>
      <parentid>2809094</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-17T22:17:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Remove Bureaucratship - it is now a policy</comment>
      <origin>2809959</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="937" sha1="eamx7thwg3ci6vfa4dy1kevtlfk00si" xml:space="preserve">&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; display: inline-block;&quot;&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] has been nominated for bureaucratship. [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Bureaucratship/Atcovi|Please contribute to the discussion]].&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;[[User:Koavf|Koavf]] has been nominated for bureaucratship. [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Bureaucratship/Koavf|Please contribute to the discussion]].&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] has been nominated for probationary custodianship. [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Custodianship/Codename Noreste|Please contribute to the discussion]].&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;[[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] has been nominated for probationary custodianship. [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Custodianship/PieWriter|Please contribute to the discussion]].&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;There is a proposal to [[Wikiversity:Colloquium#Proposal_to_rehost_Wikinews_here|rehost our shuttered sister project Wikinews]] at Wikiversity.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</text>
      <sha1>eamx7thwg3ci6vfa4dy1kevtlfk00si</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2810024</id>
      <parentid>2809959</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T01:59:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Discuss the proposed [[Wikiversity:Deletion policy|Deletion policy]] at the [[Wikiversity:Colloquium#Deletion policy proposed as policy|Colloquium]].</comment>
      <origin>2810024</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="1098" sha1="teagn3tqkel538lklyqirvotgbxuvcx" xml:space="preserve">&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; display: inline-block;&quot;&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] has been nominated for bureaucratship. [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Bureaucratship/Atcovi|Please contribute to the discussion]].&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;[[User:Koavf|Koavf]] has been nominated for bureaucratship. [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Bureaucratship/Koavf|Please contribute to the discussion]].&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] has been nominated for probationary custodianship. [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Custodianship/Codename Noreste|Please contribute to the discussion]].&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;[[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] has been nominated for probationary custodianship. [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Custodianship/PieWriter|Please contribute to the discussion]].&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;There is a proposal to [[Wikiversity:Colloquium#Proposal_to_rehost_Wikinews_here|rehost our shuttered sister project Wikinews]] at Wikiversity.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Discuss the proposed [[Wikiversity:Deletion policy|Deletion policy]] at the [[Wikiversity:Colloquium#Deletion policy proposed as policy|Colloquium]].&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</text>
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  &lt;li&gt;[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] has been nominated for bureaucratship. [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Bureaucratship/Atcovi|Please contribute to the discussion]].&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;[[User:Koavf|Koavf]] has been nominated for bureaucratship. [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Bureaucratship/Koavf|Please contribute to the discussion]].&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] has been nominated for probationary custodianship. [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Custodianship/Codename Noreste|Please contribute to the discussion]].&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;[[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] has been nominated for probationary custodianship. [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Custodianship/PieWriter|Please contribute to the discussion]].&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;There is a proposal to [[Wikiversity:Colloquium#Proposal_to_rehost_Wikinews_here|rehost our shuttered sister project Wikinews]] at Wikiversity.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Discuss the proposed [[Wikiversity:Deletion policy|Deletion policy]] at the [[Wikiversity:Colloquium#Wikiversity:Deletion policy proposed as policy|Colloquium]].&lt;/li&gt;
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[[Category:Wikiversity deletion]]

__TOC__

== [[Korean/Words]] ==
(I go to RfD instead of ''proposed deletion'' since many pages are affected.)

I proposed to quasi-delete, i.e. '''move to userspace''' of the main (or sole?) creator, {{User|KYPark}}.

The page is organized a little bit like a dictionary. It makes it redundant to Wiktionary except that Wikiversity allows original research and there does seem to be original research there. Thus, its being organized as a dictionary would alone not necessarily be a problem.

Where I see a problem is in the organization and execution/implementation. Consider [[Korean/Words/가다]], which seems rather typical of the subpages (some subpages are like categories and transclude the pages for individual words):
* On the putative definition line, there is this: &quot;한곳에서 다른 곳으로 장소를 이동하다&quot;, apparently(?) in Korean. That does not seem to fit well into the ''English'' Wikiversity.
* There seems to be some original research into etymological relations between Korean and European languages in the &quot;Comparatives&quot; section (from what I recall, the English Wiktionary rejected this kind of content from KYPark). Admittedly, it is marked using &quot;This is a primary, secondary and/or original Eurasiatic research project at Wikiversity&quot;, so it could be tolerable, but even so, one has to wonder whether Wikiversity wants this kind of fringe science/research or outright pseudo-science.
** Fringe science: fringe physics has been moved to user space before. This would be fringe etymology. But then, original research is allowed.

Deletion is not required; moving to user space suffices, I think. Alternatively, one could at least rename the pages to make it clear from the title that this is not Wikiversity voice but rather KYPark voice, e.g. &quot;Korean/Words (KYPark)/...&quot; or  &quot;Korean/Words/KYPark/...&quot;  (recall the &quot;Fedosin&quot; pages featuring the name &quot;Fedosin&quot;).

Methodology: I see almost no methodological notes spanning the words at [[Korean/Words]]. And yet, if this is original research inventing new etymological connections, surely there should be some general considerations/analysis on how to proceed and how that manner of procedure differs from mainstream etymology?

Prefix index (max 200 items?):
{{collapse top}}
{{Small START}}
{{Special:Prefixindex/Korean/Words}}
{{Small END}}
{{Collapse bottom}}
--[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 09:33, 24 September 2025 (UTC)

:I would keep it. If there is a course of Korean, why not to have a resesearch on Korean vocabulary? [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 19:53, 16 October 2025 (UTC)
:: I propose to dismiss the above input: 1) it does not contain any argument, except for a question, and a question is not an argument (it can be so reinterpreted, but that includes additional burden on the interpreters, in interpreting it the wrong way); 2) it ignores all the issues I have raised, including that there is something like definition lines in Korean, in this ''English'' Wikiversity. To answer the question asked: there can be a research on Korean vocabulary in the mainspace, but not one showing the defects I identified above. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:35, 15 November 2025 (UTC)
:I've reviewed a sample of approximately 20 of the Korean/Words sub-pages and lean towards moving to user space because:
:* The pages appear to be an idiosynchratic collection of etymological pages about Korean language
:* There is minimal English instruction which is problematic for English Wikiversity
:* There is no explanation of research method
:* There is no educational rationale
:-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 00:31, 22 November 2025 (UTC)
:Well, since the original creator has indef I change my mind and I would '''delete''' it. The case is nobody knows how to continue with the research and if we move it to the userspace, the user cannot improve it eihter. What the original user can do to request admin, to send them a contentent to their email for example if they really want to improve the resource elsewhere. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 08:38, 11 March 2026 (UTC)

I think the consensus here is delete. {{U|Codename Noreste}} do you know an efficient way to mass delete these pages? -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:49, 17 May 2026 (UTC)

== [[Enhancing Web Browser Security through Cookie Encryption]] ==
{{archive top|'''Kept'''. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:28, 17 May 2026 (UTC)}}
To avoid further conflict with the user who entered this text into Wikiversity, I am opening a RFD request.

I am not sure about how to proceed, although I am inclined to move it out of mainspace = quasi-delete. I am looking forward to get input from others, especially curators and custodians. Some considerations:

1) There is perhaps no more appearance/suspicion of copyright violation, now that the ResearchGate (RG) article (of which this is a copy, perhaps an incomplete copy?) carries a license.

2) The article is not a complete replica from RG: at a minimum, it lacks images. The inserter could have continued editing the page in his user space before he uploads images, that is, before he finalizes the page for consumption, but that did not happen. I did not check whether the text is an exact one-to-one match; the article does not indicate anything in that regard.

3) The principle implied seems to be this: users should feel free to duplicate non-peer-reviewed articles from RG in English Wikiversity, perhaps to increase the Google search and LLM yield. I find this problematic, in part for the duplication. I would say: choose a venue and publish it there. If RG is not good enough for you as a publishing venue, choose Wikiversity instead, but not both?

4) There are some features that appear unduly promotional. There is a link to a dot com home page of the inserter of the article. I dot not know how we handle or should handle this, whether prohibit such a link, etc. This is perhaps not so much a call to quasi-deletion but a call to make it less promotional.

5) I cannot determine the value of such an article. It seems to be a pseudo-article describing someone's browser extension. Can someone do a better analysis?

--[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:48, 8 October 2025 (UTC)

:2) Images for Wikicommons are being created, it will take a lot of time. and the text is not an exact one-to-one match
:3) I also mentioned that It was being created so that it is more accessible from mobile phone, which is not possible in RG or in Zenodo
:Let me clarify the purpose of uploading it to different platforms
:Zenodo - registration and to link DOI
:RG - Self Archiving 
:Wikiversity - Accessible by anyone from any device. LLMs may get trained on Wikiversity data or use these data for indexing 
:5) The paper is a result of a research project which involved a browser extension which was built to test the theory.  [[User:Tomlovesfar|Tomlovesfar]] ([[User talk:Tomlovesfar|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tomlovesfar|contribs]]) 01:34, 9 October 2025 (UTC)
:: I find the practice here of publishing non-identical but similar text (&quot;the text is not an exact one-to-one match&quot;) with almost the same title to be problematic. I cannot imagine this is a recommended practice in academic publishing. At a minimum, somewhere near the top, the page should say something like the following: &quot;This text is based on article ___ published at ___ but is not identical. The author of the differences/changes is ___.&quot; Everything else leads to an undesirable confusion. In academic publishing, the title of an article serves as key part of identification of the artifact.
:: As I said before, I seen nothing particularly academic article-like about the page except for external/superficial signs. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:30, 9 October 2025 (UTC)
:::That Article has been published under CC BY SA 4.0
:::And I am one of the author of the article. That gives me right to modify text and publish it under a similar name. However, I will add the disclaimer text that you have suggested. I hope that helps.  [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2025-27520-79|&amp;#126;2025-27520-79]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2025-27520-79|talk]]) 06:07, 9 October 2025 (UTC)
:::: It may give you that right from the ''copyright'' perspective, but perhaps not from ''academic publishing integrity'' perspective. Unfortunately, I do not have any guideline handy; I am merely following my common (or not so common) sense. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:32, 9 October 2025 (UTC)
:: I would like to ask: was this article guided by someone from an academic institution, such as a university? Is it reviewed at least in some weak sense? --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:39, 9 October 2025 (UTC)
:::Yes, This article has been reviewed by two academic professors, their names are also listed as co authors.
:::First, a project guide would help us with selecting a topic and with the document 
:::Second, an Internal examiner would go through our experiment and approve it
:::Finally, External Examiner would examine the documentation and verify it. 
:::We were required by these professors to put their name under contributions [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2025-27520-79|&amp;#126;2025-27520-79]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2025-27520-79|talk]]) 05:48, 9 October 2025 (UTC)
:: Let me explicate the promotional potential of such a page a bit: one can go to the page of the article in Wikiversity --&gt; https://tomjoejames.com/ --&gt; HitMyTarget (a commercial, profit-making entity?) Why would the link be to a commercial web site rather than an academic page, or perhaps a LinkedIn account, which I think the person has? There could also be no link at all; a search for the name would turn out something in Google as well. But providing a direct link would drive users/viewers toward that website much stronger since otherwise the viewer of the page would have to open a new Google search window or the like. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:45, 9 October 2025 (UTC)
:::It is evident that the website is not even close to being complete. 
:::I will be creating a separate page under the same domain name specifically for people to contact me.
:::The url would probably be defined as tomjoejames.com/contact-me/
:::I haven't decided yet. But that is my personal website.
:::If the community requires me to remove it, I will. But personally I think people who are from here most likely to click the link to know more about me or to contact me. Either way I think my personal website serves the purpose. 
:::As for the HitMyTarget, it can be traced from any of my links. From my research gate profile, linkedin page or even my own userpage.
:::On the article I did not add any promotional content about myself, I hyperlinked only my own name. I do not know how that is promotional. [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2025-27520-79|&amp;#126;2025-27520-79]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2025-27520-79|talk]]) 06:04, 9 October 2025 (UTC)
:::: I am pausing any further responses from me to see whether anyone else has any input. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:30, 9 October 2025 (UTC)
:What does it mean &quot;There is perhaps no more appearance/suspicion of copyright violation&quot;? [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 19:57, 16 October 2025 (UTC)
:I have accepted VRT permission per [[ticket:2025100410001149]] FYI. [[User:Matrix|Matrix]] ([[User talk:Matrix|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Matrix|contribs]]) 11:00, 28 October 2025 (UTC)
::Thank you Matrix [[User:Tomlovesfar|Tomlovesfar]] ([[User talk:Tomlovesfar|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tomlovesfar|contribs]]) 12:43, 28 October 2025 (UTC)
:I would '''delete''' it. 1) it states its a learning resource. It could not be a learning resource as not rewieved original research. 2) It is not an ongoing research, nor the research was performed on Wikiversity - wv is not a preprint or article database. Maybe it could be moved elsewhere withn Wikimedia domain, but I dont know where. So I would delete it. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 21:56, 20 November 2025 (UTC)
::I would '''keep it.''' Like Dan had pointed out,  we do have article-like pages in Wikiversity, and this is not just a random pseudo science article but an article that is a report of an final year project, it has been reviewed by 3 professors whose name has been mentioned at the very beginning.   [[User:Tomlovesfar|Tomlovesfar]] ([[User talk:Tomlovesfar|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tomlovesfar|contribs]]) 14:50, 21 November 2025 (UTC)
:::I think it is not good to rate pages by appearance. It can be done on other Wikimedia projects, but it cannot be done on Wikiversity, because Wikiversity does not create a static format for presenting information, but is focused on the goal and process. Unfortunately, the goal and process do not have a uniform format. While a target article on Wikipedia or an entry on Wiktionary have some standard target format, Wikiversity does not. That is why I personally rate pages according to the goals and their assessment. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 10:05, 22 November 2025 (UTC)

Further reading for this nomination: [[S: Wikisource:Proposed_deletions/Archives/2025#Index:Cookie_Encryption.pdf]]; EncycloPetey handled the matter. Let me quote his wisdom on Zenodo (which I lack): &quot;This is tied to a PDF on Commons that was uploaded as &quot;own work&quot; with a CC license and a doi link to Zenodo, with no indication of where this paper was published or if it was published. Zenodo is not a publisher; it is a site for storing research and sharing papers. If Zenodo is the only place this was &quot;published&quot; then it was effectively self-published. --EncycloPetey (talk) 16:14, 15 September 2025 (UTC)&quot;

--[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 08:55, 9 October 2025 (UTC)

:Can you clarify what point are you trying to state? Didn't I already state that the article is published by me? 
:I first created the article in wikisource which I thought would be the perfect place, unfortunately they do not allow self published articles that are not notable. Then I discovered Wikiversity where they allow self published articles. That is why I created the article here. 
:Unlike in wikisource, I did follow guidelines.
:Ever since you deleted the first article, I spent time reading Wikiversity guidelines and I do think that I am following it perfectly.
:I would like to get your suggestions on how should I improve the page,  10 points would be sufficient. 
:Because your goals or intentions are confusing me very much. At first you told me that the article is exactly the same as the preprint in RG and therefore there is no use to it here. And then when I continued to optimize it for Wikiversity, you went ahead and said it is problematic according to recommended academic publishing. 
:Atleast just respond to the points that I have made whether you agree or disagree. So that I clarify and proceed to discuss points that are important and relevant 
:Have you published an research article? If yes, could you send it to me so that I can see the format you have done it [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2025-27520-79|&amp;#126;2025-27520-79]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2025-27520-79|talk]]) 10:45, 9 October 2025 (UTC)
:: I am giving a chance/time to other curators/custodians to look at the matter and respond to my inputs. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 11:14, 9 October 2025 (UTC)
:: Incidentally, above I counted 4 questions (or more), 1 request (or more?) and 1 command (or more?). That is a behavior of a commanding entity. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 11:24, 9 October 2025 (UTC)

I would '''delete it''''. It's more like an academic communication than a learning resource or research.--[[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 07:32, 26 October 2025 (UTC)
:: In the above post, I do not see any valid rationale for deletion: we do have article-like pages, in Wikijournals and also e.g. in [[Physics/Essays/Fedosin/Stellar Stefan–Boltzmann constant]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 08:59, 3 November 2025 (UTC)
:::But I do, see above. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 21:56, 20 November 2025 (UTC)

:it is a '''student research paper''' forming part of a learning resource on web security and encryption.
:The project was conducted as part of a final-year university course and documented as a practical study on cookie encryption and it has been reviewed by three professors. However, I will be creating a sub page for the article to elaborately describe the experiment that we have conducted and the results we got.    [[User:Tomlovesfar|Tomlovesfar]] ([[User talk:Tomlovesfar|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tomlovesfar|contribs]]) 15:57, 26 October 2025 (UTC)
::And why should w host research papers? Wikiversity is not an academic Journal nor repository. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 10:06, 22 November 2025 (UTC)
:::I do not wish to go through this same argument once again, I've already answered to this question several times in Dan's talk page, Colloquium. you can refer them. I am not hosting the research paper here, I have already hosted the pdf in the ResearchGate, I have published a text version in the wikiversity so that it may be useful for others. Unless you can show me how that article is totally useless, I would like to '''keep''' the article in the wikiversity.    [[User:Tomlovesfar|Tomlovesfar]] ([[User talk:Tomlovesfar|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tomlovesfar|contribs]]) 10:13, 22 November 2025 (UTC)
::::And thats the point I am having. Wikiversity is not paper repository. The only way is to publish it via WikiJournal, but they want it for Wikipedia usually. Why wikiversity should be a duplication of ResearchGate, Academia or Zenodo?
::::What I can read on [[Wikiversity:What is Wikiversity?]] policy is, that Wikiversity research &quot;...includes interpreting primary sources, forming ideas, or taking observations.&quot; The article doent look to fall into this. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 10:43, 22 November 2025 (UTC)
:::::Well, then how come you missed the term &quot;Learning Projects&quot;? As Jtneill had pointed out, this is a legitimate learning project. And also, I do have the VRT permission to host this article on Wikiversity.  [[ticket:2025100410001149]] . besides ResearchGate is an self-archiving platform. the document version in it is not accessibly to screen readers (usually disable people use them), Translators, and also for the mobile readers. therefore I do have valid reasons to publish this article on wikiversity. 
:::::# It is a learning project, therefore according to WIkiversity Policy, It qualifies. 
:::::# I have an explicit VRT permission to host this article on Wikiversity
:::::# Versions that are published in RG, Zenodo are documents, and they are not accessible by screen readers or mobile users. Therefore it is imperative that an article version of this paper exist on here. 
:::::Therefore this article qualifies to stay here on Wikiversity.  [[User:Tomlovesfar|Tomlovesfar]] ([[User talk:Tomlovesfar|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tomlovesfar|contribs]]) 11:22, 22 November 2025 (UTC)

'''Keep'''. This is a legitimate student learning project that may be of use to others. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 02:51, 22 November 2025 (UTC)
{{archive bottom}}

== [[Pragmatics/History]] ==
{{archive top|Deleted. Other related resources have been deleted. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:24, 17 May 2026 (UTC)}}
Another KYPark page and subpages with unclear organization scheme. Contains fairly many redlinked items. See also [[User:KYPark/Literature]], perhaps a similar concept. Unlikely to be really useful for others but KYPark. '''Move to user space'''.

As an alternative, moving to [[History of Pragmatics (KYPark)]] would make sense to me: the topic is identified using a natural-language phrase (instead of the relatively unnatural slash) and the responsible editor is indicated so that the reader knows whether to look or not. And for those who oppose the brackets (which I like): [[History of Pragmatics/KYPark]]. Or also: [[KYPark/History of Pragmatics]]. But then, searches in mainspace will see that content and the question is whether that is good. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:21, 15 October 2025 (UTC)

:What about to propose the user to write some guidelines, how other can participate instead of deleting it? [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 20:03, 16 October 2025 (UTC)
:: I plan to move the pages to userspace as I proposed. If someone wants to ask KYPark to address the problems, they should feel free. There will be plenty of time for KYPark to address the problems while the material is in user space. After the problems are addressed, the material can be moved back to mainspace. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:38, 15 November 2025 (UTC)
:So I would '''delete''' it. In the blocked user space its useless. The user cannot improve it and Wikiversity is not free hosting service for personal pages. My believe is, that there should be just a few working pages in the users spaces. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 08:30, 11 March 2026 (UTC)

'''Move'''. Insufficient statement of learning objective or connection to related learning resources with insufficient current activity to stay in main space. The page was originally [[History of pragmatics]] but was moved by Dave B. Therefore, I suggest moving to [[User:KYPark/History of pragmatics]]. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 02:57, 22 November 2025 (UTC)
{{archive bottom}}

== [[IMHA Research Archives]] ==
I propose to '''move to userspace''', including the subpages. I struggle to understand how Wikiversity readers are supposed to benefit from the material here and in the subpages. In the log, there is e.g. '10 February 2019 Marshallsumter discuss contribs deleted page IMHA Research Archives (content was: &quot;{&lt;nowiki/&gt;{Delete|Author request}} Thanks! -&quot;)', so the page was deleted before, but not the subpages.

We could also delete all the material if we have strong enough suspicion too much of it is copyright violation. In any case, moving to user space improves the matter a little by moving the content away from Google search. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 13:38, 9 November 2025 (UTC)

:Looking at some sub-pages, they can be deleted e.g., because they only consist of broken links or are largely empty. I deleted a couple but haven't been through all to check. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 00:27, 10 November 2025 (UTC)

As an example, let me give the wikitext content of [[IMHA Research Archives/3. Scientific litterature search, storage and use]]:
&lt;pre&gt;
==[[/Medicina Maritima - the Spanish scientific maritime health journal/]]==

==[[/PubMed/]]==

==[[/Google and Google Scholar/]]==

==[[/Zotero/]]==

==[https://www.dropbox.com/sh/d91z7bcyelfvk42/AAAkIvjtBnnFMbiU9ZLOdVL9a/Andrioti_database%20sources0310.pptx?dl=0 Maritime health web portal ressources ]==
&lt;/pre&gt;
The wikilinks are red; the external link to dropbox says &quot;You don't have access&quot;. This was made in 2016. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 09:04, 11 November 2025 (UTC)

:I suggest delete -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 03:27, 12 November 2025 (UTC)
:: I think we should avoid deletion as much as possible, instead moving to user space (bar copyvio, ethics violation, etc.). This is a good general principle. It greatly improves auditability and makes it so much easier for anyone to request undeletion since they know what content they are requesting for undeletion. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 09:52, 12 November 2025 (UTC)
:::Do not recreate Wikiversity from the educational and research project to the personal blog. That will lead to the cancelation of it by WMF. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 21:44, 20 November 2025 (UTC)
:::: The English Wikiversity has a long tradition of moving problematic content to user space, as per evidence collected at [[User:Dan_Polansky/About Wikiversity#Moving pages to userspace]]. If Wikimedia Foundation finds this problematic, they can start a discussion in Colloquium and state their concerns. They do not need to make explicit threats at first; they can start a discussion and explain why it is problematic. They can even do it from an anonymous IP and provide a well-articulated reasoning. And anyone else can start a discussion in Colloquium to change this tradition. I do not see why we should not want to change that tradition based on well-articulated, compelling reasoning. I see no reason why Juandev should be making threats instead of them, on a per RFD basis. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:58, 21 November 2025 (UTC)
:::: If Juandev is ''sincere'' about deleting very-low-value items ''from user space'', he should perhaps demonstrate that by asking his pages like [[:cs:Uživatel:Juandev/Problémy/Kov/Repase dvířek elektroskříně]] to be deleted; otherwise, I register a ''glaring inconsistence''. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 07:43, 21 November 2025 (UTC)
::What was the original delate page about @[[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]]? I guess that would be crucial for the decission. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 21:48, 20 November 2025 (UTC)
:::@[[User:Juandev|Juandev]] the couple of pages I checked and deleted were much like @[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] posted above i.e., headings with empty sections and/or broken links but no substantive content. But I think each sub-page needs checking. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 21:59, 20 November 2025 (UTC)
::::So I'm saying that the main page usually determines what the other pages are for. But if I don't know the page because it's been deleted, or why was deleted (deletion based on the founder's request is probably not the rule), it's hard to judge. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 22:16, 20 November 2025 (UTC)
:::::I've pasted the original content of the root page: [[IMHA Research Archives#Original page]] (i.e., prior to the content being removed and deletion requested) to help understand the context for the sub-pages. In 2018, Saltrabook blanked the page, indicating that the content had been moved elsewhere, and requested page deletion. Marshallsumter then deleted the main page but not the sub-pages. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 01:58, 21 November 2025 (UTC)
::::::I see, so if those subpages are usefull I would keept them, if not I would delete them. I dont see a point of providing free hosting to sombody, by moving many pages to their user space. The question is if we want to host (i.e. to have in the main ns) lists of links elsewhere. I have no opinion on that. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 10:11, 22 November 2025 (UTC)

: Let me clarify that while many of the subpages are like the example above, [[IMHA Research Archives/Scientific litterature search, storage and use/Zotero]] is different:
:: &quot;A continuous critical and evidence based learning is a core issue in clinical practice, research, teaching, publication and prevention activities. The Zotero Program is just one of many scientific literature management programs, that should be used for these purposes. Of course one can live without such a database but it helps a lot and can save a lot of time that could be used for more interesting issues. Not only that, but it helps to create better publications and knowledge. Without this program it can be very time consuming to publish a scientific article with the requested style for the references. Further in daily practice when you want to collect and cite a few references for a specific evidence in a clinical colloquium and discussion, this program is excellent. Therefore we strongly recommend that all maritime health persons learn how to use this excellent tool in their daily maritime health practice of all different types. There are good online courses for self-instruction on how to use Zotero. For example this one: Zotero fast online course But in order to increase IMHAR´s collective scientific strength in the use of EBM we would like to give training sessions in every possible opportunity, IMHA Symposia, seminars and other types of meetings. The database is useful for personal purposes but especially also for collaborative aims. At the IMHAR meeting in Paris Oct 7th 2016 we will give an introduction to the program by showing how it can be used in the daily practice and discuss strength and weaknesses compared to other similar databases.&quot;
: Even longer is e.g. [[IMHA Research Archives/Scientific litterature search, storage and use/Medicina Maritima - the Spanish scientific maritime health journal]].
: However, that does not mean these should be salvaged. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 07:53, 21 November 2025 (UTC)
:{{ping|Saltrabook}} I'm wondering if you can respond here to help us decide about whether to delete the IMHA Research Archives sub-pages or perhaps move them to your user space? -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:58, 17 May 2026 (UTC)

== [[Palliative medicine]] ==
{{archive top|'''Kept'''. Page has been improved. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:38, 17 May 2026 (UTC)}}

Underdeveloped and has not been improved on since 2007. Author inactive. —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 21:42, 14 December 2025 (UTC)

:Delete, per nominator [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 11:16, 22 January 2026 (UTC)
:Yes, I would also expect there to be more and especially that someone would write how to use it. However, it still seems to me to be a useful thing in the sense of a syllabus, so that someone who is interested in the topic knows what information to obtain in order to get a complete picture of the topic. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 07:55, 16 March 2026 (UTC)
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== [[Canadian Wilderness]] ==
{{archive top|Deleted per nom. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:07, 17 May 2026 (UTC)}}
This page doesn't seem to belong to wikiversity. [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 09:55, 6 February 2026 (UTC)

:In principle there could be some material useful here but in practice, I don't see what this page is adding as an educational resource. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 12:54, 6 February 2026 (UTC)
:I can see this being a useful resource to a bigger project. Maybe we could move it to the &quot;[[Wikiversity:Drafts|Draft]]&quot; namespace vs. deleting it? —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 13:28, 6 February 2026 (UTC)
::Does anyone plan to work on it? [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 01:59, 8 February 2026 (UTC)
:::Next week the page has it's 17th birthday. Ever now and than someone added to it. With a lot of work it could be a nice encyclopedic article but making it educational .... Merging it may take more work than rewriting it. Move to Draft might be the best option. [[User:Harold Foppele|Harold Foppele]] ([[User talk:Harold Foppele|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Harold Foppele|contribs]]) 08:58, 12 February 2026 (UTC)
{{archive bottom}}

== [[LQR Control for an Inverted Pendulum]] ==
{{archive top|'''Deleted''' per nom. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:36, 17 May 2026 (UTC)}}
Underdeveloped resource, has not been edited for more than a decade. [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 08:03, 16 March 2026 (UTC)

:Looks like a test, '''delete'''. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 17:30, 27 March 2026 (UTC)
{{archive bottom}}

== False flag &quot;authority hack&quot; user page deletion ==
{{archive top|'''Not undeleted''', the requester dropped the request. See Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion v. 2803217.--[[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 08:36, 10 May 2026 (UTC)}}
'''Undeletion requested'''

Hi, Juandev marked my user page as &quot;spam&quot; and &quot;authority hack&quot;, and deleted it. 

First, I asked him for help with &quot;time limit for new users&quot;, and he replied - I should admit I dont know, what is &quot;new user limit&quot;, but if filter blocks your page because of certain external link, you may force to save anyway and sometimes it works. It should not work, when the website is blacklisted. As of now, I am not seeing you to save page in main namespace, so try to save it without external links first. 

Then he wrote me another message: Well, I have analyzed your contribution to Wikiversity and I should point out here, that this project is not a place for advertising, so there is no way of promoting your books and authority this way. - probably referring to the intro of my About me page where I present me and my work. 

Before I could explain him the difference between the neutral information and advertising and promotion, he deleted my user page. 

Here is my answer I posted to the discussion today: 

: Hi, my About Me page is just an info page with the neutral as possible presentation of my work.
:
: There is a big difference between informing and advertising. Informing is neutrally stating that something exists and requiring no action, while advertising is a special communication form with intent to cause certain action from readers. For example, click here, click there, order this, buy that.
:
: There is no such intention, form, or terms on my info page. Just neutral information. I don't hide and I am not ashamed that I am write and author, and that is a part of the usual bio, including works. I checked your user page: &quot;I graduated from the Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague and studied information science at the Faculty of Arts of Charles University.&quot; I think that if you had written a book on Life Science, you would have mentioned that as well.
:
: Most of the Info page is about my research and AIPA Method which is a valid contribution to psychology, consciousness studies, identity theory, and personality development. Actually, my paper '''AIPA Method: A Cognitive-Phenomenological Model for Identity Reconstruction and Stabilization in Pure Awareness''' is now in the peer review procedure at Journal of Consciousness Studies.
:
: Here is a part from the Wikiversity AIPA Method page in creation (waiting for the end of the time limit for new users):

: == Introduction ==
: The AIPA Method addresses a gap in contemporary personal development and consciousness science: most evidence‑based approaches (CBT, MBSR, MBCT, standard meditation) operate at the level of mental content—reframing thoughts, observing them, or reducing their impact—rather than at the level of identity structure. In contrast, AIPA targets the structural relationship between the self and the mind, aiming at durable identity reconstruction rooted in Pure Awareness rather than symptom management.
:
: The central research question of the primary AIPA preprint is whether a structured, sequentially staged method can produce permanent identity reconstruction rooted in Pure Awareness, and how such a method compares to established approaches in scope, mechanism, and outcome.
:
: == Theoretical foundations ==
: The AIPA framework is grounded in the cognitive‑phenomenological tradition (e.g., McAdams, Varela, Metzinger, Erikson), contemporary consciousness science on minimal phenomenal experience, and qualitative methods advocacy in psychology. It builds directly on:
:* Empirical work on pure awareness and Minimal Phenomenal Experience (MPE), especially Gamma &amp; Metzinger’s large‑scale study of content‑reduced awareness states.
:* Metzinger’s proposal of minimal phenomenal experience as an entry point for a minimal unifying model of consciousness.
:* Narrative identity and partial‑self models within personality and identity theory.
: Within this backdrop, AIPA proposes Pure Awareness as a distinct, operationally specified state that can become a structural ground of identity rather than a transient meditative experience.
:
: == Experiential empiricism ==
: The empirical foundation of the AIPA Method is explicitly first‑person and experiential, combining:
:* A 22‑year longitudinal autoethnographic self‑study (2003–2025) documenting partial personality episodes, protocol use, and outcomes.
:* A 13‑year prospective verification period with zero self‑reported recurrence of targeted harmful behaviors after a dated stabilization point (1 January 2006).
:* A high‑ecological‑validity “stress test” during acute bereavement, used to examine whether non‑reactive awareness remains stable under maximal provocation.
:* Two independent practitioner cases (an Amazon‑verified report and a structured questionnaire case) providing preliminary convergent signals across cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and identity dimensions.
:
: All central constructs (Pure Awareness, partial personalities, the Switch, identity stabilization) are operationalized with explicit phenomenological and behavioral criteria intended to enable replication and future third‑person measurement.
:
: I believe this is a valid contribution to Wikiversity.
:
: Best regards, Senad [[User:Senad Dizdarević|Senad Dizdarević]]


I suggest you check the deleted user page, and see for yourself if it is &quot;spam&quot; and &quot;authority hack&quot;, or a legit author's page with one paragraph short presentation, while the rest of the page is about my research project. 

Thank you for undeleting my user page, so I can use it. 

Best regards, 

Senad Dizdarević [[User:Senad Dizdarević|Senad Dizdarević]] ([[User talk:Senad Dizdarević|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Senad Dizdarević|contribs]]) 07:26, 2 April 2026 (UTC)

:Hi Senad,
:Welcome to Wikiversity.
:It looks like you tried adding similar content to Wikipedia and ran into similar difficulties over there ([[w:User talk:Senad Dizdarević]])? Perhaps that is what has led to you Wikiversity?
:Basically, if you'd like to collaborate and help build open educational resources, feel free to contribute to Wikiversity. But if the primary motivation is to promote your autobiographical work you're probably going to run into challenges.
:Sincerely,
:James
:-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 00:11, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
::James, Hi, and thank you for your answer. 
::Yes, in 2025, I created the autobiographic page on Wikipedia, which was removed because of the links to my books on Amazon. To admin, I explained that I did not know the rules, and agreed that page is removed. Now I know that somebody else must write a Wikipedia page for you. 
::On the deleted user page on Wikiversity, there were no links to Amazon or any other form of promotion, just neutral as possible basic presentation of my writing (one sentence) and current project (the rest of the page). 
::I created Wikiversity page to present my AIPA Method project, to invite researchers to read it, give their opinion, and conduct empirical researches in their institutions. Now, it is in a theoretical phase, and needs more empirical testing. 
::Best regards, 
::Senad [[User:Senad Dizdarević|Senad Dizdarević]] ([[User talk:Senad Dizdarević|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Senad Dizdarević|contribs]]) 07:03, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
:::It looks to me like the primary motivation for contributing to Wikiversity is to drive traffic / search engine ranking to your website?
:::* [[User:Senad Dizdarević]]
:::* [[AIPA Method]]
:::-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 01:36, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
::::No, it is not. There is no link to my website, so &quot;driving traffic to my website&quot; is not possible. 
::::For your educational purposes: 
::::Copilot &quot;AI:  [[User:Senad Dizdarević|Senad Dizdarević]] ([[User talk:Senad Dizdarević|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Senad Dizdarević|contribs]]) 07:38, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
:::::So do you still insist of undeleting your former version of your userpage if you have created the new one? [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 08:15, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
::::::No, because in the moment of undeletition, somebody could delete it again, and so on. Thank you for not deleting my new user page, as it is made in your user page image.  [[User:Senad Dizdarević|Senad Dizdarević]] ([[User talk:Senad Dizdarević|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Senad Dizdarević|contribs]]) 08:59, 6 April 2026 (UTC)

{{archive bottom}}

== Undeletion request ==

It was deleted by an admin without discussion and with untrue rationale. If people take offense with the question that doesn't mean it's not a valid question and the page was good. Please undelete the Wikidebate page [https://web.archive.org/web/20250810030352/https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Is_it_likely_that_Earth_has_been_visited_by_aliens_millions_of_years_ago%3F Is it likely that Earth has been visited by aliens millions of years ago?]

There are lots of sources on the subject, the wikidebate is sourced very well compared to other wikidebates and wikiversity pages, and the page is educational, useful and of good quality. [[User:Prototyperspective|Prototyperspective]] ([[User talk:Prototyperspective|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Prototyperspective|contribs]]) 23:57, 10 April 2026 (UTC)

:Page: [[Is it likely that Earth has been visited by aliens millions of years ago?]]
:Ping: [[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 00:21, 11 April 2026 (UTC)
:There is no need for a discussion for straight garbage-level, pseudoscientific content.
:For '''Is it likely that Earth has been visited by aliens millions of years ago?''', the flaws for this page wouldn't even take someone more than a few minutes to assess:
:* Essentially, the &quot;pro&quot; arguments unproven claims being derived from irrelevant, established facts (basically: &quot;it is likely aliens have came because Earth has existed for so long [sources proving Earth's longevity]&quot;). These are not serious, scientifically-backed arguments - these are non sequiturs. It's as if I said Wikipedia has existed longer than my existence on Earth ([https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/74351725/eyJoIjogImZiODhmYzNkODU1N2UxMWExYzUyODJiYzgzZTRmZDM4OTBjODY5YWMzMjA3NDNmOWEyZTA0ZTU3ZGYwZjAyYTkiLCAidSI6ICJodHRwczovL3B1cmUuaHZhLm5sL3dz-libre.pdf?1636354596=&amp;response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3DCritical_Point_of_View_A_Wikipedia_Reade.pdf&amp;Expires=1775872055&amp;Signature=GqbUZboYRvUYWi~aW40LT5eZSHrLuDL3o0-DxAH8vSvcJcGAuyByZWLF2oHTY6GlB72TqvZxpE-v9d4gvsA6myriYqO~QQQZgWxjT2JXjUWC-yiPcTF4l~lroJSi4dY0v9eKiBcU03l-aeUdrX8~UPfi0TfW0IhsmzH-VBR6X6FrzRpIqc6uM6n9YXfr5FRB3aCqqokU690af3n0Hguaub1Zgmh9qjYYqzBS0VOOHjKTTEQnDuadX3jl5CQeXYTaeCC3H0hMeVwHlratbrnuFEKC1aN0-5znCUoSzMEg21ECzGPTrSDM1W05dcK-u0ZTCeUGKAuC-2yRFL3sY46MIw__&amp;Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA#page=157 reputable source proving ''this'' fact]), therefore it's likely that my birth took place solely for the sake of me experiencing Wikipedia (0 backing). It makes no sense and no person with at least a high school-level of intelligence would take this seriously. 
:* What is worse is that the user is being misleading with their &quot;[the page is] sourced very well&quot; claim. The sources ''themselves'' don't even back up the claims. It's just used as proof for an established concept, where the user then uses this established concept to jump to an unsupported, laughable conclusion that is pulled out of thin air. It's utterly ridiculous to even consider such a page for mainspace since it clearly violates our [[Wikiversity:Verifiability]] policy. This is, once again, pseudoscientific content that has caused our website to reduce in quality over the last few years. 
:* Going source by source, we can see that:
:#[https://web.archive.org/web/20250918011642/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/thebigd/compress-earths-history-into-24-hrs-humans-came-at-1158-pm-yet-killed-70-of-wildlife/ ‘Compress Earth’s history into 24 hrs. Humans came at 11:58 pm, yet killed 70% of wildlife’] is literally just a blog post which doesn't even mention aliens or extraterrestrial life. It just talks about Earth's history in accordance with the 24-hour metric of time, and the author tries to use this article as a 'piece in the puzzle' of aliens &quot;possibly&quot; visiting Earth... which, once again, is unsupported and is not backed up anywhere in the article.
:#[https://web.archive.org/web/20250808053249/https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2023/11/jurassic-worlds-might-be-easier-spot-modern-earth The Cornell article does not even remotely support the idea that &quot;aliens visited Earth&quot;]. It mentions a ''chance'' of &quot;life there [a habitable exoplanet] might not be limited to microbes, but could include creatures as large and varied as the megalosauruses or microraptors that once roamed Earth.&quot;, but again, no justification to take this article as proof that &quot;aliens may have visited us!&quot;. There's no mention of aliens visiting Earth anywhere in the article. Once again this is only proving the background premise, but not the unsupported, nonsensical &quot;alien likelihood&quot; argument that the author of this garbage page is trying to push so desperately.
:#The Parker Solar Probe WP article does not even mention aliens either. It follows the same issues as the previous argument.
:And the other page this user complained about [https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/User_talk:Atcovi#Deletion_of_educational_page_because_of_personal_opinion on my talk page] holds almost similar, maybe even more fatal mistakes, than this one. It has nothing to do with &quot;taking offense&quot;, this is just low-quality, garbage content. —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 00:56, 11 April 2026 (UTC)
::Why do you think pro claims are required to be proven? It's possible to object to them and these are arguments, not contextualized to be statements of proven facts. And it's not a strange or unreasonable argument to make that since Earth has existed for long, it's more likely that aliens have come here in the past than in recent times or the near future. Instead of insulting others' intelligence, maybe engage with the actual reasoning rather than censoring it away. And there are lots of sources, such as [https://interestingengineering.com/science/alien-civilizations-may-have-visited-earth-millions-of-years-ago-study-says Alien Civilizations May Have Visited Earth Millions of Years Ago, Study Says] etc etc. The sources are used for the arguments themselves individually. [[User:Prototyperspective|Prototyperspective]] ([[User talk:Prototyperspective|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Prototyperspective|contribs]]) 12:30, 11 April 2026 (UTC)
:::Because, once again, this is not a site that caters to rampant debating for the sake of &quot;we need to employ rationality and logic to solve the world's problems&quot;, we have policies that we need to fulfill. The claims made in the pro argument clearly do not meet [[Wikiversity:Verifiability]], since you cannot verify these arguments with the sources because they are not relevant. 
:::''&quot;And it's not a strange or unreasonable argument to make that since Earth has existed for long, it's more likely that aliens have come here in the past than in recent times or the near future.&quot;'' The point being is that these arguments are not supported by the sources. Even the article you mention poses the idea as a hypothetical model. This is just you twisting the article to fit your unsupported narrative. I'll bring direct quotes for you to show why the linked article does not help you:
:::* ''One problem the researchers do make sure to point out is that '''they are working with only one data point: our own behaviors and capabilities for space exploration'''. “We tried to come up with a model that would involve the fewest assumptions about sociology that we could,” Carroll-Nellenback told Business Insider. '''We have no real way of knowing the motivations of an alien civilization'''.'' --&gt; proves that this is just speculation and no evidence-based arguments have been provided for the idea that aliens likely visited Earth.
:::And I'm not sure if you read my entire response, but I ''did'' engage with your &quot;actual reasoning&quot; and exposed its weaknesses and lack of adherence to Wikiversity policies. If we allowed content that was just filled with non sequiturs we would have content that fails Wikiversity's educational objectives and reduces the overall quality of this website, hence why such a harsh stance needs to be taken. —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 13:50, 11 April 2026 (UTC)
::::Thanks for proving that the Wikimedia ecosystem is unfit to deliberate on controversial topics. The question is entirely valid and the content is far better sourced than nearly all Wikidebates and has no genuine flaws. The only possible issue with it as far as I can see is that now that Wikidebates has been paused people can't add objections if they do have sth specific to say about the topic that's not already included on that page which already had plenty of Cons and objections.
::::The page was more educational than most of Wikiversity and it was well-sourced – wikidebates was for arguments so people were invited to make arguments based on sourced things or outlined logic and the page met [[WV:V]] and most pages on Wikiversity aren't sourced as good. Doesn't look like people can see beyond their biases and personal views here but that's more evident in the marginalization and deletion of wikidebates and the low activity in that project than these selective deletions. A constructive thing to do would be to add reasoned Cons and objections not yet on the page and people had plenty of time to do that. There are and will be other sites for free constructive rational adversarial deliberation (not a big loss in that sense). [[User:Prototyperspective|Prototyperspective]] ([[User talk:Prototyperspective|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Prototyperspective|contribs]]) 16:31, 22 April 2026 (UTC)
:::::Thank you for failing to address any of my arguments and going on an unrelated, nonsensical tangent that has nothing to do with the discussion. Once you start producing work that aligns with Wikiversity's content policies instead of typing up laughable, pseudoscientific garbage, then maybe your work can be accepted and not removed. —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 16:59, 22 April 2026 (UTC)
::::::I suggest you stop ridiculing things and learn respectfully forming genuine points about the subject at hand. {{tq|the idea as a hypothetical model}} but please learn first about what arguments are and why they're not the same as a statement of objective proven fact. [[User:Prototyperspective|Prototyperspective]] ([[User talk:Prototyperspective|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Prototyperspective|contribs]]) 17:18, 22 April 2026 (UTC)

==Pages by Harold Foppele==
[[User:Harold Foppele]] is locally blocked indefinitely and globally banned for sockpuppetry. There were also WMF and local community concerns expressed about copyright violation and AI (over)use. As a result, I think the Wikiversity pages created by this account warrant review with regard what should be deleted, what should be retained etc.:
* [[Completing the square]]
* [[Number of independent spatial modes in a spherical volume]]
* [[Quantum]]
** [[Quantum/Andrew N. Jordan]]
* [[Quantum A Matter Of Size]]
* [[Quantum A Spooky Action at a Distance]]
* [[Quantum: A Walk Through the Universe]]
* [[Quantum Computing Algorithms in the NISQ Era]]
* [[Quantum Formulas Collection]]
* [[Quantum harmonic oscillator]]
* [[Quantum Matter Elements and Particles]]
* [[Quantum mechanics]]
** [[Quantum mechanics/Timeline]]
* [[Quantum mechanics learning module]]
* [[Quantum mechanics measurements]]
* [[Quantum Noisy Qubits]]
* [[Quantum optics beam splitter experiments]]
* [[Quantum: The Secret of Cohesion: How Waves Hold Matter Together]]
* [[Quantum Ultra fast lasers]]
* [[Speed of sound experiments]]
* [[User:Harold Foppele]]
-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 08:12, 17 May 2026 (UTC)

:'''Delete all''' Not worth keeping. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 08:27, 17 May 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>rbfztxsyne6gzuhneyl9koz2mfhflfg</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2809941</id>
      <parentid>2809920</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-17T16:53:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Codename Noreste</username>
        <id>2969951</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Korean/Words */ reply to Jtneill ([[mw:c:Special:MyLanguage/User:JWBTH/CD|CD]])</comment>
      <origin>2809941</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="57333" sha1="dbth58g11l45wyojlw77qtwynf3vkzv" xml:space="preserve">{{/header}}
[[Category:Wikiversity deletion]]

__TOC__

== [[Korean/Words]] ==
(I go to RfD instead of ''proposed deletion'' since many pages are affected.)

I proposed to quasi-delete, i.e. '''move to userspace''' of the main (or sole?) creator, {{User|KYPark}}.

The page is organized a little bit like a dictionary. It makes it redundant to Wiktionary except that Wikiversity allows original research and there does seem to be original research there. Thus, its being organized as a dictionary would alone not necessarily be a problem.

Where I see a problem is in the organization and execution/implementation. Consider [[Korean/Words/가다]], which seems rather typical of the subpages (some subpages are like categories and transclude the pages for individual words):
* On the putative definition line, there is this: &quot;한곳에서 다른 곳으로 장소를 이동하다&quot;, apparently(?) in Korean. That does not seem to fit well into the ''English'' Wikiversity.
* There seems to be some original research into etymological relations between Korean and European languages in the &quot;Comparatives&quot; section (from what I recall, the English Wiktionary rejected this kind of content from KYPark). Admittedly, it is marked using &quot;This is a primary, secondary and/or original Eurasiatic research project at Wikiversity&quot;, so it could be tolerable, but even so, one has to wonder whether Wikiversity wants this kind of fringe science/research or outright pseudo-science.
** Fringe science: fringe physics has been moved to user space before. This would be fringe etymology. But then, original research is allowed.

Deletion is not required; moving to user space suffices, I think. Alternatively, one could at least rename the pages to make it clear from the title that this is not Wikiversity voice but rather KYPark voice, e.g. &quot;Korean/Words (KYPark)/...&quot; or  &quot;Korean/Words/KYPark/...&quot;  (recall the &quot;Fedosin&quot; pages featuring the name &quot;Fedosin&quot;).

Methodology: I see almost no methodological notes spanning the words at [[Korean/Words]]. And yet, if this is original research inventing new etymological connections, surely there should be some general considerations/analysis on how to proceed and how that manner of procedure differs from mainstream etymology?

Prefix index (max 200 items?):
{{collapse top}}
{{Small START}}
{{Special:Prefixindex/Korean/Words}}
{{Small END}}
{{Collapse bottom}}
--[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 09:33, 24 September 2025 (UTC)

:I would keep it. If there is a course of Korean, why not to have a resesearch on Korean vocabulary? [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 19:53, 16 October 2025 (UTC)
:: I propose to dismiss the above input: 1) it does not contain any argument, except for a question, and a question is not an argument (it can be so reinterpreted, but that includes additional burden on the interpreters, in interpreting it the wrong way); 2) it ignores all the issues I have raised, including that there is something like definition lines in Korean, in this ''English'' Wikiversity. To answer the question asked: there can be a research on Korean vocabulary in the mainspace, but not one showing the defects I identified above. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:35, 15 November 2025 (UTC)
:I've reviewed a sample of approximately 20 of the Korean/Words sub-pages and lean towards moving to user space because:
:* The pages appear to be an idiosynchratic collection of etymological pages about Korean language
:* There is minimal English instruction which is problematic for English Wikiversity
:* There is no explanation of research method
:* There is no educational rationale
:-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 00:31, 22 November 2025 (UTC)
:Well, since the original creator has indef I change my mind and I would '''delete''' it. The case is nobody knows how to continue with the research and if we move it to the userspace, the user cannot improve it eihter. What the original user can do to request admin, to send them a contentent to their email for example if they really want to improve the resource elsewhere. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 08:38, 11 March 2026 (UTC)

I think the consensus here is delete. {{U|Codename Noreste}} do you know an efficient way to mass delete these pages? -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:49, 17 May 2026 (UTC)
: I would use a script, but I would probably not delete those pages yet until we have the pseudobot user group. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:53, 17 May 2026 (UTC)

== [[Enhancing Web Browser Security through Cookie Encryption]] ==
{{archive top|'''Kept'''. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:28, 17 May 2026 (UTC)}}
To avoid further conflict with the user who entered this text into Wikiversity, I am opening a RFD request.

I am not sure about how to proceed, although I am inclined to move it out of mainspace = quasi-delete. I am looking forward to get input from others, especially curators and custodians. Some considerations:

1) There is perhaps no more appearance/suspicion of copyright violation, now that the ResearchGate (RG) article (of which this is a copy, perhaps an incomplete copy?) carries a license.

2) The article is not a complete replica from RG: at a minimum, it lacks images. The inserter could have continued editing the page in his user space before he uploads images, that is, before he finalizes the page for consumption, but that did not happen. I did not check whether the text is an exact one-to-one match; the article does not indicate anything in that regard.

3) The principle implied seems to be this: users should feel free to duplicate non-peer-reviewed articles from RG in English Wikiversity, perhaps to increase the Google search and LLM yield. I find this problematic, in part for the duplication. I would say: choose a venue and publish it there. If RG is not good enough for you as a publishing venue, choose Wikiversity instead, but not both?

4) There are some features that appear unduly promotional. There is a link to a dot com home page of the inserter of the article. I dot not know how we handle or should handle this, whether prohibit such a link, etc. This is perhaps not so much a call to quasi-deletion but a call to make it less promotional.

5) I cannot determine the value of such an article. It seems to be a pseudo-article describing someone's browser extension. Can someone do a better analysis?

--[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:48, 8 October 2025 (UTC)

:2) Images for Wikicommons are being created, it will take a lot of time. and the text is not an exact one-to-one match
:3) I also mentioned that It was being created so that it is more accessible from mobile phone, which is not possible in RG or in Zenodo
:Let me clarify the purpose of uploading it to different platforms
:Zenodo - registration and to link DOI
:RG - Self Archiving 
:Wikiversity - Accessible by anyone from any device. LLMs may get trained on Wikiversity data or use these data for indexing 
:5) The paper is a result of a research project which involved a browser extension which was built to test the theory.  [[User:Tomlovesfar|Tomlovesfar]] ([[User talk:Tomlovesfar|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tomlovesfar|contribs]]) 01:34, 9 October 2025 (UTC)
:: I find the practice here of publishing non-identical but similar text (&quot;the text is not an exact one-to-one match&quot;) with almost the same title to be problematic. I cannot imagine this is a recommended practice in academic publishing. At a minimum, somewhere near the top, the page should say something like the following: &quot;This text is based on article ___ published at ___ but is not identical. The author of the differences/changes is ___.&quot; Everything else leads to an undesirable confusion. In academic publishing, the title of an article serves as key part of identification of the artifact.
:: As I said before, I seen nothing particularly academic article-like about the page except for external/superficial signs. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:30, 9 October 2025 (UTC)
:::That Article has been published under CC BY SA 4.0
:::And I am one of the author of the article. That gives me right to modify text and publish it under a similar name. However, I will add the disclaimer text that you have suggested. I hope that helps.  [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2025-27520-79|&amp;#126;2025-27520-79]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2025-27520-79|talk]]) 06:07, 9 October 2025 (UTC)
:::: It may give you that right from the ''copyright'' perspective, but perhaps not from ''academic publishing integrity'' perspective. Unfortunately, I do not have any guideline handy; I am merely following my common (or not so common) sense. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:32, 9 October 2025 (UTC)
:: I would like to ask: was this article guided by someone from an academic institution, such as a university? Is it reviewed at least in some weak sense? --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:39, 9 October 2025 (UTC)
:::Yes, This article has been reviewed by two academic professors, their names are also listed as co authors.
:::First, a project guide would help us with selecting a topic and with the document 
:::Second, an Internal examiner would go through our experiment and approve it
:::Finally, External Examiner would examine the documentation and verify it. 
:::We were required by these professors to put their name under contributions [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2025-27520-79|&amp;#126;2025-27520-79]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2025-27520-79|talk]]) 05:48, 9 October 2025 (UTC)
:: Let me explicate the promotional potential of such a page a bit: one can go to the page of the article in Wikiversity --&gt; https://tomjoejames.com/ --&gt; HitMyTarget (a commercial, profit-making entity?) Why would the link be to a commercial web site rather than an academic page, or perhaps a LinkedIn account, which I think the person has? There could also be no link at all; a search for the name would turn out something in Google as well. But providing a direct link would drive users/viewers toward that website much stronger since otherwise the viewer of the page would have to open a new Google search window or the like. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:45, 9 October 2025 (UTC)
:::It is evident that the website is not even close to being complete. 
:::I will be creating a separate page under the same domain name specifically for people to contact me.
:::The url would probably be defined as tomjoejames.com/contact-me/
:::I haven't decided yet. But that is my personal website.
:::If the community requires me to remove it, I will. But personally I think people who are from here most likely to click the link to know more about me or to contact me. Either way I think my personal website serves the purpose. 
:::As for the HitMyTarget, it can be traced from any of my links. From my research gate profile, linkedin page or even my own userpage.
:::On the article I did not add any promotional content about myself, I hyperlinked only my own name. I do not know how that is promotional. [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2025-27520-79|&amp;#126;2025-27520-79]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2025-27520-79|talk]]) 06:04, 9 October 2025 (UTC)
:::: I am pausing any further responses from me to see whether anyone else has any input. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:30, 9 October 2025 (UTC)
:What does it mean &quot;There is perhaps no more appearance/suspicion of copyright violation&quot;? [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 19:57, 16 October 2025 (UTC)
:I have accepted VRT permission per [[ticket:2025100410001149]] FYI. [[User:Matrix|Matrix]] ([[User talk:Matrix|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Matrix|contribs]]) 11:00, 28 October 2025 (UTC)
::Thank you Matrix [[User:Tomlovesfar|Tomlovesfar]] ([[User talk:Tomlovesfar|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tomlovesfar|contribs]]) 12:43, 28 October 2025 (UTC)
:I would '''delete''' it. 1) it states its a learning resource. It could not be a learning resource as not rewieved original research. 2) It is not an ongoing research, nor the research was performed on Wikiversity - wv is not a preprint or article database. Maybe it could be moved elsewhere withn Wikimedia domain, but I dont know where. So I would delete it. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 21:56, 20 November 2025 (UTC)
::I would '''keep it.''' Like Dan had pointed out,  we do have article-like pages in Wikiversity, and this is not just a random pseudo science article but an article that is a report of an final year project, it has been reviewed by 3 professors whose name has been mentioned at the very beginning.   [[User:Tomlovesfar|Tomlovesfar]] ([[User talk:Tomlovesfar|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tomlovesfar|contribs]]) 14:50, 21 November 2025 (UTC)
:::I think it is not good to rate pages by appearance. It can be done on other Wikimedia projects, but it cannot be done on Wikiversity, because Wikiversity does not create a static format for presenting information, but is focused on the goal and process. Unfortunately, the goal and process do not have a uniform format. While a target article on Wikipedia or an entry on Wiktionary have some standard target format, Wikiversity does not. That is why I personally rate pages according to the goals and their assessment. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 10:05, 22 November 2025 (UTC)

Further reading for this nomination: [[S: Wikisource:Proposed_deletions/Archives/2025#Index:Cookie_Encryption.pdf]]; EncycloPetey handled the matter. Let me quote his wisdom on Zenodo (which I lack): &quot;This is tied to a PDF on Commons that was uploaded as &quot;own work&quot; with a CC license and a doi link to Zenodo, with no indication of where this paper was published or if it was published. Zenodo is not a publisher; it is a site for storing research and sharing papers. If Zenodo is the only place this was &quot;published&quot; then it was effectively self-published. --EncycloPetey (talk) 16:14, 15 September 2025 (UTC)&quot;

--[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 08:55, 9 October 2025 (UTC)

:Can you clarify what point are you trying to state? Didn't I already state that the article is published by me? 
:I first created the article in wikisource which I thought would be the perfect place, unfortunately they do not allow self published articles that are not notable. Then I discovered Wikiversity where they allow self published articles. That is why I created the article here. 
:Unlike in wikisource, I did follow guidelines.
:Ever since you deleted the first article, I spent time reading Wikiversity guidelines and I do think that I am following it perfectly.
:I would like to get your suggestions on how should I improve the page,  10 points would be sufficient. 
:Because your goals or intentions are confusing me very much. At first you told me that the article is exactly the same as the preprint in RG and therefore there is no use to it here. And then when I continued to optimize it for Wikiversity, you went ahead and said it is problematic according to recommended academic publishing. 
:Atleast just respond to the points that I have made whether you agree or disagree. So that I clarify and proceed to discuss points that are important and relevant 
:Have you published an research article? If yes, could you send it to me so that I can see the format you have done it [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2025-27520-79|&amp;#126;2025-27520-79]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2025-27520-79|talk]]) 10:45, 9 October 2025 (UTC)
:: I am giving a chance/time to other curators/custodians to look at the matter and respond to my inputs. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 11:14, 9 October 2025 (UTC)
:: Incidentally, above I counted 4 questions (or more), 1 request (or more?) and 1 command (or more?). That is a behavior of a commanding entity. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 11:24, 9 October 2025 (UTC)

I would '''delete it''''. It's more like an academic communication than a learning resource or research.--[[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 07:32, 26 October 2025 (UTC)
:: In the above post, I do not see any valid rationale for deletion: we do have article-like pages, in Wikijournals and also e.g. in [[Physics/Essays/Fedosin/Stellar Stefan–Boltzmann constant]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 08:59, 3 November 2025 (UTC)
:::But I do, see above. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 21:56, 20 November 2025 (UTC)

:it is a '''student research paper''' forming part of a learning resource on web security and encryption.
:The project was conducted as part of a final-year university course and documented as a practical study on cookie encryption and it has been reviewed by three professors. However, I will be creating a sub page for the article to elaborately describe the experiment that we have conducted and the results we got.    [[User:Tomlovesfar|Tomlovesfar]] ([[User talk:Tomlovesfar|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tomlovesfar|contribs]]) 15:57, 26 October 2025 (UTC)
::And why should w host research papers? Wikiversity is not an academic Journal nor repository. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 10:06, 22 November 2025 (UTC)
:::I do not wish to go through this same argument once again, I've already answered to this question several times in Dan's talk page, Colloquium. you can refer them. I am not hosting the research paper here, I have already hosted the pdf in the ResearchGate, I have published a text version in the wikiversity so that it may be useful for others. Unless you can show me how that article is totally useless, I would like to '''keep''' the article in the wikiversity.    [[User:Tomlovesfar|Tomlovesfar]] ([[User talk:Tomlovesfar|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tomlovesfar|contribs]]) 10:13, 22 November 2025 (UTC)
::::And thats the point I am having. Wikiversity is not paper repository. The only way is to publish it via WikiJournal, but they want it for Wikipedia usually. Why wikiversity should be a duplication of ResearchGate, Academia or Zenodo?
::::What I can read on [[Wikiversity:What is Wikiversity?]] policy is, that Wikiversity research &quot;...includes interpreting primary sources, forming ideas, or taking observations.&quot; The article doent look to fall into this. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 10:43, 22 November 2025 (UTC)
:::::Well, then how come you missed the term &quot;Learning Projects&quot;? As Jtneill had pointed out, this is a legitimate learning project. And also, I do have the VRT permission to host this article on Wikiversity.  [[ticket:2025100410001149]] . besides ResearchGate is an self-archiving platform. the document version in it is not accessibly to screen readers (usually disable people use them), Translators, and also for the mobile readers. therefore I do have valid reasons to publish this article on wikiversity. 
:::::# It is a learning project, therefore according to WIkiversity Policy, It qualifies. 
:::::# I have an explicit VRT permission to host this article on Wikiversity
:::::# Versions that are published in RG, Zenodo are documents, and they are not accessible by screen readers or mobile users. Therefore it is imperative that an article version of this paper exist on here. 
:::::Therefore this article qualifies to stay here on Wikiversity.  [[User:Tomlovesfar|Tomlovesfar]] ([[User talk:Tomlovesfar|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tomlovesfar|contribs]]) 11:22, 22 November 2025 (UTC)

'''Keep'''. This is a legitimate student learning project that may be of use to others. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 02:51, 22 November 2025 (UTC)
{{archive bottom}}

== [[Pragmatics/History]] ==
{{archive top|Deleted. Other related resources have been deleted. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:24, 17 May 2026 (UTC)}}
Another KYPark page and subpages with unclear organization scheme. Contains fairly many redlinked items. See also [[User:KYPark/Literature]], perhaps a similar concept. Unlikely to be really useful for others but KYPark. '''Move to user space'''.

As an alternative, moving to [[History of Pragmatics (KYPark)]] would make sense to me: the topic is identified using a natural-language phrase (instead of the relatively unnatural slash) and the responsible editor is indicated so that the reader knows whether to look or not. And for those who oppose the brackets (which I like): [[History of Pragmatics/KYPark]]. Or also: [[KYPark/History of Pragmatics]]. But then, searches in mainspace will see that content and the question is whether that is good. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:21, 15 October 2025 (UTC)

:What about to propose the user to write some guidelines, how other can participate instead of deleting it? [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 20:03, 16 October 2025 (UTC)
:: I plan to move the pages to userspace as I proposed. If someone wants to ask KYPark to address the problems, they should feel free. There will be plenty of time for KYPark to address the problems while the material is in user space. After the problems are addressed, the material can be moved back to mainspace. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:38, 15 November 2025 (UTC)
:So I would '''delete''' it. In the blocked user space its useless. The user cannot improve it and Wikiversity is not free hosting service for personal pages. My believe is, that there should be just a few working pages in the users spaces. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 08:30, 11 March 2026 (UTC)

'''Move'''. Insufficient statement of learning objective or connection to related learning resources with insufficient current activity to stay in main space. The page was originally [[History of pragmatics]] but was moved by Dave B. Therefore, I suggest moving to [[User:KYPark/History of pragmatics]]. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 02:57, 22 November 2025 (UTC)
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== [[IMHA Research Archives]] ==
I propose to '''move to userspace''', including the subpages. I struggle to understand how Wikiversity readers are supposed to benefit from the material here and in the subpages. In the log, there is e.g. '10 February 2019 Marshallsumter discuss contribs deleted page IMHA Research Archives (content was: &quot;{&lt;nowiki/&gt;{Delete|Author request}} Thanks! -&quot;)', so the page was deleted before, but not the subpages.

We could also delete all the material if we have strong enough suspicion too much of it is copyright violation. In any case, moving to user space improves the matter a little by moving the content away from Google search. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 13:38, 9 November 2025 (UTC)

:Looking at some sub-pages, they can be deleted e.g., because they only consist of broken links or are largely empty. I deleted a couple but haven't been through all to check. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 00:27, 10 November 2025 (UTC)

As an example, let me give the wikitext content of [[IMHA Research Archives/3. Scientific litterature search, storage and use]]:
&lt;pre&gt;
==[[/Medicina Maritima - the Spanish scientific maritime health journal/]]==

==[[/PubMed/]]==

==[[/Google and Google Scholar/]]==

==[[/Zotero/]]==

==[https://www.dropbox.com/sh/d91z7bcyelfvk42/AAAkIvjtBnnFMbiU9ZLOdVL9a/Andrioti_database%20sources0310.pptx?dl=0 Maritime health web portal ressources ]==
&lt;/pre&gt;
The wikilinks are red; the external link to dropbox says &quot;You don't have access&quot;. This was made in 2016. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 09:04, 11 November 2025 (UTC)

:I suggest delete -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 03:27, 12 November 2025 (UTC)
:: I think we should avoid deletion as much as possible, instead moving to user space (bar copyvio, ethics violation, etc.). This is a good general principle. It greatly improves auditability and makes it so much easier for anyone to request undeletion since they know what content they are requesting for undeletion. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 09:52, 12 November 2025 (UTC)
:::Do not recreate Wikiversity from the educational and research project to the personal blog. That will lead to the cancelation of it by WMF. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 21:44, 20 November 2025 (UTC)
:::: The English Wikiversity has a long tradition of moving problematic content to user space, as per evidence collected at [[User:Dan_Polansky/About Wikiversity#Moving pages to userspace]]. If Wikimedia Foundation finds this problematic, they can start a discussion in Colloquium and state their concerns. They do not need to make explicit threats at first; they can start a discussion and explain why it is problematic. They can even do it from an anonymous IP and provide a well-articulated reasoning. And anyone else can start a discussion in Colloquium to change this tradition. I do not see why we should not want to change that tradition based on well-articulated, compelling reasoning. I see no reason why Juandev should be making threats instead of them, on a per RFD basis. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:58, 21 November 2025 (UTC)
:::: If Juandev is ''sincere'' about deleting very-low-value items ''from user space'', he should perhaps demonstrate that by asking his pages like [[:cs:Uživatel:Juandev/Problémy/Kov/Repase dvířek elektroskříně]] to be deleted; otherwise, I register a ''glaring inconsistence''. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 07:43, 21 November 2025 (UTC)
::What was the original delate page about @[[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]]? I guess that would be crucial for the decission. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 21:48, 20 November 2025 (UTC)
:::@[[User:Juandev|Juandev]] the couple of pages I checked and deleted were much like @[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] posted above i.e., headings with empty sections and/or broken links but no substantive content. But I think each sub-page needs checking. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 21:59, 20 November 2025 (UTC)
::::So I'm saying that the main page usually determines what the other pages are for. But if I don't know the page because it's been deleted, or why was deleted (deletion based on the founder's request is probably not the rule), it's hard to judge. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 22:16, 20 November 2025 (UTC)
:::::I've pasted the original content of the root page: [[IMHA Research Archives#Original page]] (i.e., prior to the content being removed and deletion requested) to help understand the context for the sub-pages. In 2018, Saltrabook blanked the page, indicating that the content had been moved elsewhere, and requested page deletion. Marshallsumter then deleted the main page but not the sub-pages. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 01:58, 21 November 2025 (UTC)
::::::I see, so if those subpages are usefull I would keept them, if not I would delete them. I dont see a point of providing free hosting to sombody, by moving many pages to their user space. The question is if we want to host (i.e. to have in the main ns) lists of links elsewhere. I have no opinion on that. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 10:11, 22 November 2025 (UTC)

: Let me clarify that while many of the subpages are like the example above, [[IMHA Research Archives/Scientific litterature search, storage and use/Zotero]] is different:
:: &quot;A continuous critical and evidence based learning is a core issue in clinical practice, research, teaching, publication and prevention activities. The Zotero Program is just one of many scientific literature management programs, that should be used for these purposes. Of course one can live without such a database but it helps a lot and can save a lot of time that could be used for more interesting issues. Not only that, but it helps to create better publications and knowledge. Without this program it can be very time consuming to publish a scientific article with the requested style for the references. Further in daily practice when you want to collect and cite a few references for a specific evidence in a clinical colloquium and discussion, this program is excellent. Therefore we strongly recommend that all maritime health persons learn how to use this excellent tool in their daily maritime health practice of all different types. There are good online courses for self-instruction on how to use Zotero. For example this one: Zotero fast online course But in order to increase IMHAR´s collective scientific strength in the use of EBM we would like to give training sessions in every possible opportunity, IMHA Symposia, seminars and other types of meetings. The database is useful for personal purposes but especially also for collaborative aims. At the IMHAR meeting in Paris Oct 7th 2016 we will give an introduction to the program by showing how it can be used in the daily practice and discuss strength and weaknesses compared to other similar databases.&quot;
: Even longer is e.g. [[IMHA Research Archives/Scientific litterature search, storage and use/Medicina Maritima - the Spanish scientific maritime health journal]].
: However, that does not mean these should be salvaged. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 07:53, 21 November 2025 (UTC)
:{{ping|Saltrabook}} I'm wondering if you can respond here to help us decide about whether to delete the IMHA Research Archives sub-pages or perhaps move them to your user space? -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:58, 17 May 2026 (UTC)

== [[Palliative medicine]] ==
{{archive top|'''Kept'''. Page has been improved. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:38, 17 May 2026 (UTC)}}

Underdeveloped and has not been improved on since 2007. Author inactive. —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 21:42, 14 December 2025 (UTC)

:Delete, per nominator [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 11:16, 22 January 2026 (UTC)
:Yes, I would also expect there to be more and especially that someone would write how to use it. However, it still seems to me to be a useful thing in the sense of a syllabus, so that someone who is interested in the topic knows what information to obtain in order to get a complete picture of the topic. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 07:55, 16 March 2026 (UTC)
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== [[Canadian Wilderness]] ==
{{archive top|Deleted per nom. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:07, 17 May 2026 (UTC)}}
This page doesn't seem to belong to wikiversity. [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 09:55, 6 February 2026 (UTC)

:In principle there could be some material useful here but in practice, I don't see what this page is adding as an educational resource. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 12:54, 6 February 2026 (UTC)
:I can see this being a useful resource to a bigger project. Maybe we could move it to the &quot;[[Wikiversity:Drafts|Draft]]&quot; namespace vs. deleting it? —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 13:28, 6 February 2026 (UTC)
::Does anyone plan to work on it? [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 01:59, 8 February 2026 (UTC)
:::Next week the page has it's 17th birthday. Ever now and than someone added to it. With a lot of work it could be a nice encyclopedic article but making it educational .... Merging it may take more work than rewriting it. Move to Draft might be the best option. [[User:Harold Foppele|Harold Foppele]] ([[User talk:Harold Foppele|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Harold Foppele|contribs]]) 08:58, 12 February 2026 (UTC)
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== [[LQR Control for an Inverted Pendulum]] ==
{{archive top|'''Deleted''' per nom. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:36, 17 May 2026 (UTC)}}
Underdeveloped resource, has not been edited for more than a decade. [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 08:03, 16 March 2026 (UTC)

:Looks like a test, '''delete'''. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 17:30, 27 March 2026 (UTC)
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== False flag &quot;authority hack&quot; user page deletion ==
{{archive top|'''Not undeleted''', the requester dropped the request. See Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion v. 2803217.--[[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 08:36, 10 May 2026 (UTC)}}
'''Undeletion requested'''

Hi, Juandev marked my user page as &quot;spam&quot; and &quot;authority hack&quot;, and deleted it. 

First, I asked him for help with &quot;time limit for new users&quot;, and he replied - I should admit I dont know, what is &quot;new user limit&quot;, but if filter blocks your page because of certain external link, you may force to save anyway and sometimes it works. It should not work, when the website is blacklisted. As of now, I am not seeing you to save page in main namespace, so try to save it without external links first. 

Then he wrote me another message: Well, I have analyzed your contribution to Wikiversity and I should point out here, that this project is not a place for advertising, so there is no way of promoting your books and authority this way. - probably referring to the intro of my About me page where I present me and my work. 

Before I could explain him the difference between the neutral information and advertising and promotion, he deleted my user page. 

Here is my answer I posted to the discussion today: 

: Hi, my About Me page is just an info page with the neutral as possible presentation of my work.
:
: There is a big difference between informing and advertising. Informing is neutrally stating that something exists and requiring no action, while advertising is a special communication form with intent to cause certain action from readers. For example, click here, click there, order this, buy that.
:
: There is no such intention, form, or terms on my info page. Just neutral information. I don't hide and I am not ashamed that I am write and author, and that is a part of the usual bio, including works. I checked your user page: &quot;I graduated from the Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague and studied information science at the Faculty of Arts of Charles University.&quot; I think that if you had written a book on Life Science, you would have mentioned that as well.
:
: Most of the Info page is about my research and AIPA Method which is a valid contribution to psychology, consciousness studies, identity theory, and personality development. Actually, my paper '''AIPA Method: A Cognitive-Phenomenological Model for Identity Reconstruction and Stabilization in Pure Awareness''' is now in the peer review procedure at Journal of Consciousness Studies.
:
: Here is a part from the Wikiversity AIPA Method page in creation (waiting for the end of the time limit for new users):

: == Introduction ==
: The AIPA Method addresses a gap in contemporary personal development and consciousness science: most evidence‑based approaches (CBT, MBSR, MBCT, standard meditation) operate at the level of mental content—reframing thoughts, observing them, or reducing their impact—rather than at the level of identity structure. In contrast, AIPA targets the structural relationship between the self and the mind, aiming at durable identity reconstruction rooted in Pure Awareness rather than symptom management.
:
: The central research question of the primary AIPA preprint is whether a structured, sequentially staged method can produce permanent identity reconstruction rooted in Pure Awareness, and how such a method compares to established approaches in scope, mechanism, and outcome.
:
: == Theoretical foundations ==
: The AIPA framework is grounded in the cognitive‑phenomenological tradition (e.g., McAdams, Varela, Metzinger, Erikson), contemporary consciousness science on minimal phenomenal experience, and qualitative methods advocacy in psychology. It builds directly on:
:* Empirical work on pure awareness and Minimal Phenomenal Experience (MPE), especially Gamma &amp; Metzinger’s large‑scale study of content‑reduced awareness states.
:* Metzinger’s proposal of minimal phenomenal experience as an entry point for a minimal unifying model of consciousness.
:* Narrative identity and partial‑self models within personality and identity theory.
: Within this backdrop, AIPA proposes Pure Awareness as a distinct, operationally specified state that can become a structural ground of identity rather than a transient meditative experience.
:
: == Experiential empiricism ==
: The empirical foundation of the AIPA Method is explicitly first‑person and experiential, combining:
:* A 22‑year longitudinal autoethnographic self‑study (2003–2025) documenting partial personality episodes, protocol use, and outcomes.
:* A 13‑year prospective verification period with zero self‑reported recurrence of targeted harmful behaviors after a dated stabilization point (1 January 2006).
:* A high‑ecological‑validity “stress test” during acute bereavement, used to examine whether non‑reactive awareness remains stable under maximal provocation.
:* Two independent practitioner cases (an Amazon‑verified report and a structured questionnaire case) providing preliminary convergent signals across cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and identity dimensions.
:
: All central constructs (Pure Awareness, partial personalities, the Switch, identity stabilization) are operationalized with explicit phenomenological and behavioral criteria intended to enable replication and future third‑person measurement.
:
: I believe this is a valid contribution to Wikiversity.
:
: Best regards, Senad [[User:Senad Dizdarević|Senad Dizdarević]]


I suggest you check the deleted user page, and see for yourself if it is &quot;spam&quot; and &quot;authority hack&quot;, or a legit author's page with one paragraph short presentation, while the rest of the page is about my research project. 

Thank you for undeleting my user page, so I can use it. 

Best regards, 

Senad Dizdarević [[User:Senad Dizdarević|Senad Dizdarević]] ([[User talk:Senad Dizdarević|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Senad Dizdarević|contribs]]) 07:26, 2 April 2026 (UTC)

:Hi Senad,
:Welcome to Wikiversity.
:It looks like you tried adding similar content to Wikipedia and ran into similar difficulties over there ([[w:User talk:Senad Dizdarević]])? Perhaps that is what has led to you Wikiversity?
:Basically, if you'd like to collaborate and help build open educational resources, feel free to contribute to Wikiversity. But if the primary motivation is to promote your autobiographical work you're probably going to run into challenges.
:Sincerely,
:James
:-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 00:11, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
::James, Hi, and thank you for your answer. 
::Yes, in 2025, I created the autobiographic page on Wikipedia, which was removed because of the links to my books on Amazon. To admin, I explained that I did not know the rules, and agreed that page is removed. Now I know that somebody else must write a Wikipedia page for you. 
::On the deleted user page on Wikiversity, there were no links to Amazon or any other form of promotion, just neutral as possible basic presentation of my writing (one sentence) and current project (the rest of the page). 
::I created Wikiversity page to present my AIPA Method project, to invite researchers to read it, give their opinion, and conduct empirical researches in their institutions. Now, it is in a theoretical phase, and needs more empirical testing. 
::Best regards, 
::Senad [[User:Senad Dizdarević|Senad Dizdarević]] ([[User talk:Senad Dizdarević|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Senad Dizdarević|contribs]]) 07:03, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
:::It looks to me like the primary motivation for contributing to Wikiversity is to drive traffic / search engine ranking to your website?
:::* [[User:Senad Dizdarević]]
:::* [[AIPA Method]]
:::-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 01:36, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
::::No, it is not. There is no link to my website, so &quot;driving traffic to my website&quot; is not possible. 
::::For your educational purposes: 
::::Copilot &quot;AI:  [[User:Senad Dizdarević|Senad Dizdarević]] ([[User talk:Senad Dizdarević|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Senad Dizdarević|contribs]]) 07:38, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
:::::So do you still insist of undeleting your former version of your userpage if you have created the new one? [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 08:15, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
::::::No, because in the moment of undeletition, somebody could delete it again, and so on. Thank you for not deleting my new user page, as it is made in your user page image.  [[User:Senad Dizdarević|Senad Dizdarević]] ([[User talk:Senad Dizdarević|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Senad Dizdarević|contribs]]) 08:59, 6 April 2026 (UTC)

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== Undeletion request ==

It was deleted by an admin without discussion and with untrue rationale. If people take offense with the question that doesn't mean it's not a valid question and the page was good. Please undelete the Wikidebate page [https://web.archive.org/web/20250810030352/https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Is_it_likely_that_Earth_has_been_visited_by_aliens_millions_of_years_ago%3F Is it likely that Earth has been visited by aliens millions of years ago?]

There are lots of sources on the subject, the wikidebate is sourced very well compared to other wikidebates and wikiversity pages, and the page is educational, useful and of good quality. [[User:Prototyperspective|Prototyperspective]] ([[User talk:Prototyperspective|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Prototyperspective|contribs]]) 23:57, 10 April 2026 (UTC)

:Page: [[Is it likely that Earth has been visited by aliens millions of years ago?]]
:Ping: [[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 00:21, 11 April 2026 (UTC)
:There is no need for a discussion for straight garbage-level, pseudoscientific content.
:For '''Is it likely that Earth has been visited by aliens millions of years ago?''', the flaws for this page wouldn't even take someone more than a few minutes to assess:
:* Essentially, the &quot;pro&quot; arguments unproven claims being derived from irrelevant, established facts (basically: &quot;it is likely aliens have came because Earth has existed for so long [sources proving Earth's longevity]&quot;). These are not serious, scientifically-backed arguments - these are non sequiturs. It's as if I said Wikipedia has existed longer than my existence on Earth ([https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/74351725/eyJoIjogImZiODhmYzNkODU1N2UxMWExYzUyODJiYzgzZTRmZDM4OTBjODY5YWMzMjA3NDNmOWEyZTA0ZTU3ZGYwZjAyYTkiLCAidSI6ICJodHRwczovL3B1cmUuaHZhLm5sL3dz-libre.pdf?1636354596=&amp;response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3DCritical_Point_of_View_A_Wikipedia_Reade.pdf&amp;Expires=1775872055&amp;Signature=GqbUZboYRvUYWi~aW40LT5eZSHrLuDL3o0-DxAH8vSvcJcGAuyByZWLF2oHTY6GlB72TqvZxpE-v9d4gvsA6myriYqO~QQQZgWxjT2JXjUWC-yiPcTF4l~lroJSi4dY0v9eKiBcU03l-aeUdrX8~UPfi0TfW0IhsmzH-VBR6X6FrzRpIqc6uM6n9YXfr5FRB3aCqqokU690af3n0Hguaub1Zgmh9qjYYqzBS0VOOHjKTTEQnDuadX3jl5CQeXYTaeCC3H0hMeVwHlratbrnuFEKC1aN0-5znCUoSzMEg21ECzGPTrSDM1W05dcK-u0ZTCeUGKAuC-2yRFL3sY46MIw__&amp;Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA#page=157 reputable source proving ''this'' fact]), therefore it's likely that my birth took place solely for the sake of me experiencing Wikipedia (0 backing). It makes no sense and no person with at least a high school-level of intelligence would take this seriously. 
:* What is worse is that the user is being misleading with their &quot;[the page is] sourced very well&quot; claim. The sources ''themselves'' don't even back up the claims. It's just used as proof for an established concept, where the user then uses this established concept to jump to an unsupported, laughable conclusion that is pulled out of thin air. It's utterly ridiculous to even consider such a page for mainspace since it clearly violates our [[Wikiversity:Verifiability]] policy. This is, once again, pseudoscientific content that has caused our website to reduce in quality over the last few years. 
:* Going source by source, we can see that:
:#[https://web.archive.org/web/20250918011642/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/thebigd/compress-earths-history-into-24-hrs-humans-came-at-1158-pm-yet-killed-70-of-wildlife/ ‘Compress Earth’s history into 24 hrs. Humans came at 11:58 pm, yet killed 70% of wildlife’] is literally just a blog post which doesn't even mention aliens or extraterrestrial life. It just talks about Earth's history in accordance with the 24-hour metric of time, and the author tries to use this article as a 'piece in the puzzle' of aliens &quot;possibly&quot; visiting Earth... which, once again, is unsupported and is not backed up anywhere in the article.
:#[https://web.archive.org/web/20250808053249/https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2023/11/jurassic-worlds-might-be-easier-spot-modern-earth The Cornell article does not even remotely support the idea that &quot;aliens visited Earth&quot;]. It mentions a ''chance'' of &quot;life there [a habitable exoplanet] might not be limited to microbes, but could include creatures as large and varied as the megalosauruses or microraptors that once roamed Earth.&quot;, but again, no justification to take this article as proof that &quot;aliens may have visited us!&quot;. There's no mention of aliens visiting Earth anywhere in the article. Once again this is only proving the background premise, but not the unsupported, nonsensical &quot;alien likelihood&quot; argument that the author of this garbage page is trying to push so desperately.
:#The Parker Solar Probe WP article does not even mention aliens either. It follows the same issues as the previous argument.
:And the other page this user complained about [https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/User_talk:Atcovi#Deletion_of_educational_page_because_of_personal_opinion on my talk page] holds almost similar, maybe even more fatal mistakes, than this one. It has nothing to do with &quot;taking offense&quot;, this is just low-quality, garbage content. —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 00:56, 11 April 2026 (UTC)
::Why do you think pro claims are required to be proven? It's possible to object to them and these are arguments, not contextualized to be statements of proven facts. And it's not a strange or unreasonable argument to make that since Earth has existed for long, it's more likely that aliens have come here in the past than in recent times or the near future. Instead of insulting others' intelligence, maybe engage with the actual reasoning rather than censoring it away. And there are lots of sources, such as [https://interestingengineering.com/science/alien-civilizations-may-have-visited-earth-millions-of-years-ago-study-says Alien Civilizations May Have Visited Earth Millions of Years Ago, Study Says] etc etc. The sources are used for the arguments themselves individually. [[User:Prototyperspective|Prototyperspective]] ([[User talk:Prototyperspective|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Prototyperspective|contribs]]) 12:30, 11 April 2026 (UTC)
:::Because, once again, this is not a site that caters to rampant debating for the sake of &quot;we need to employ rationality and logic to solve the world's problems&quot;, we have policies that we need to fulfill. The claims made in the pro argument clearly do not meet [[Wikiversity:Verifiability]], since you cannot verify these arguments with the sources because they are not relevant. 
:::''&quot;And it's not a strange or unreasonable argument to make that since Earth has existed for long, it's more likely that aliens have come here in the past than in recent times or the near future.&quot;'' The point being is that these arguments are not supported by the sources. Even the article you mention poses the idea as a hypothetical model. This is just you twisting the article to fit your unsupported narrative. I'll bring direct quotes for you to show why the linked article does not help you:
:::* ''One problem the researchers do make sure to point out is that '''they are working with only one data point: our own behaviors and capabilities for space exploration'''. “We tried to come up with a model that would involve the fewest assumptions about sociology that we could,” Carroll-Nellenback told Business Insider. '''We have no real way of knowing the motivations of an alien civilization'''.'' --&gt; proves that this is just speculation and no evidence-based arguments have been provided for the idea that aliens likely visited Earth.
:::And I'm not sure if you read my entire response, but I ''did'' engage with your &quot;actual reasoning&quot; and exposed its weaknesses and lack of adherence to Wikiversity policies. If we allowed content that was just filled with non sequiturs we would have content that fails Wikiversity's educational objectives and reduces the overall quality of this website, hence why such a harsh stance needs to be taken. —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 13:50, 11 April 2026 (UTC)
::::Thanks for proving that the Wikimedia ecosystem is unfit to deliberate on controversial topics. The question is entirely valid and the content is far better sourced than nearly all Wikidebates and has no genuine flaws. The only possible issue with it as far as I can see is that now that Wikidebates has been paused people can't add objections if they do have sth specific to say about the topic that's not already included on that page which already had plenty of Cons and objections.
::::The page was more educational than most of Wikiversity and it was well-sourced – wikidebates was for arguments so people were invited to make arguments based on sourced things or outlined logic and the page met [[WV:V]] and most pages on Wikiversity aren't sourced as good. Doesn't look like people can see beyond their biases and personal views here but that's more evident in the marginalization and deletion of wikidebates and the low activity in that project than these selective deletions. A constructive thing to do would be to add reasoned Cons and objections not yet on the page and people had plenty of time to do that. There are and will be other sites for free constructive rational adversarial deliberation (not a big loss in that sense). [[User:Prototyperspective|Prototyperspective]] ([[User talk:Prototyperspective|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Prototyperspective|contribs]]) 16:31, 22 April 2026 (UTC)
:::::Thank you for failing to address any of my arguments and going on an unrelated, nonsensical tangent that has nothing to do with the discussion. Once you start producing work that aligns with Wikiversity's content policies instead of typing up laughable, pseudoscientific garbage, then maybe your work can be accepted and not removed. —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 16:59, 22 April 2026 (UTC)
::::::I suggest you stop ridiculing things and learn respectfully forming genuine points about the subject at hand. {{tq|the idea as a hypothetical model}} but please learn first about what arguments are and why they're not the same as a statement of objective proven fact. [[User:Prototyperspective|Prototyperspective]] ([[User talk:Prototyperspective|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Prototyperspective|contribs]]) 17:18, 22 April 2026 (UTC)

==Pages by Harold Foppele==
[[User:Harold Foppele]] is locally blocked indefinitely and globally banned for sockpuppetry. There were also WMF and local community concerns expressed about copyright violation and AI (over)use. As a result, I think the Wikiversity pages created by this account warrant review with regard what should be deleted, what should be retained etc.:
* [[Completing the square]]
* [[Number of independent spatial modes in a spherical volume]]
* [[Quantum]]
** [[Quantum/Andrew N. Jordan]]
* [[Quantum A Matter Of Size]]
* [[Quantum A Spooky Action at a Distance]]
* [[Quantum: A Walk Through the Universe]]
* [[Quantum Computing Algorithms in the NISQ Era]]
* [[Quantum Formulas Collection]]
* [[Quantum harmonic oscillator]]
* [[Quantum Matter Elements and Particles]]
* [[Quantum mechanics]]
** [[Quantum mechanics/Timeline]]
* [[Quantum mechanics learning module]]
* [[Quantum mechanics measurements]]
* [[Quantum Noisy Qubits]]
* [[Quantum optics beam splitter experiments]]
* [[Quantum: The Secret of Cohesion: How Waves Hold Matter Together]]
* [[Quantum Ultra fast lasers]]
* [[Speed of sound experiments]]
* [[User:Harold Foppele]]
-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 08:12, 17 May 2026 (UTC)

:'''Delete all''' Not worth keeping. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 08:27, 17 May 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>dbth58g11l45wyojlw77qtwynf3vkzv</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2810054</id>
      <parentid>2809941</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T07:58:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>PieWriter</username>
        <id>3039865</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Adding deletion request via [[User:PieWriter/RFD.js|script]]</comment>
      <origin>2810054</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="57523" sha1="boikdhbu99ivzt8mex1winmd5fp8mq0" xml:space="preserve">{{/header}}
[[Category:Wikiversity deletion]]

__TOC__

== [[Korean/Words]] ==
(I go to RfD instead of ''proposed deletion'' since many pages are affected.)

I proposed to quasi-delete, i.e. '''move to userspace''' of the main (or sole?) creator, {{User|KYPark}}.

The page is organized a little bit like a dictionary. It makes it redundant to Wiktionary except that Wikiversity allows original research and there does seem to be original research there. Thus, its being organized as a dictionary would alone not necessarily be a problem.

Where I see a problem is in the organization and execution/implementation. Consider [[Korean/Words/가다]], which seems rather typical of the subpages (some subpages are like categories and transclude the pages for individual words):
* On the putative definition line, there is this: &quot;한곳에서 다른 곳으로 장소를 이동하다&quot;, apparently(?) in Korean. That does not seem to fit well into the ''English'' Wikiversity.
* There seems to be some original research into etymological relations between Korean and European languages in the &quot;Comparatives&quot; section (from what I recall, the English Wiktionary rejected this kind of content from KYPark). Admittedly, it is marked using &quot;This is a primary, secondary and/or original Eurasiatic research project at Wikiversity&quot;, so it could be tolerable, but even so, one has to wonder whether Wikiversity wants this kind of fringe science/research or outright pseudo-science.
** Fringe science: fringe physics has been moved to user space before. This would be fringe etymology. But then, original research is allowed.

Deletion is not required; moving to user space suffices, I think. Alternatively, one could at least rename the pages to make it clear from the title that this is not Wikiversity voice but rather KYPark voice, e.g. &quot;Korean/Words (KYPark)/...&quot; or  &quot;Korean/Words/KYPark/...&quot;  (recall the &quot;Fedosin&quot; pages featuring the name &quot;Fedosin&quot;).

Methodology: I see almost no methodological notes spanning the words at [[Korean/Words]]. And yet, if this is original research inventing new etymological connections, surely there should be some general considerations/analysis on how to proceed and how that manner of procedure differs from mainstream etymology?

Prefix index (max 200 items?):
{{collapse top}}
{{Small START}}
{{Special:Prefixindex/Korean/Words}}
{{Small END}}
{{Collapse bottom}}
--[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 09:33, 24 September 2025 (UTC)

:I would keep it. If there is a course of Korean, why not to have a resesearch on Korean vocabulary? [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 19:53, 16 October 2025 (UTC)
:: I propose to dismiss the above input: 1) it does not contain any argument, except for a question, and a question is not an argument (it can be so reinterpreted, but that includes additional burden on the interpreters, in interpreting it the wrong way); 2) it ignores all the issues I have raised, including that there is something like definition lines in Korean, in this ''English'' Wikiversity. To answer the question asked: there can be a research on Korean vocabulary in the mainspace, but not one showing the defects I identified above. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:35, 15 November 2025 (UTC)
:I've reviewed a sample of approximately 20 of the Korean/Words sub-pages and lean towards moving to user space because:
:* The pages appear to be an idiosynchratic collection of etymological pages about Korean language
:* There is minimal English instruction which is problematic for English Wikiversity
:* There is no explanation of research method
:* There is no educational rationale
:-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 00:31, 22 November 2025 (UTC)
:Well, since the original creator has indef I change my mind and I would '''delete''' it. The case is nobody knows how to continue with the research and if we move it to the userspace, the user cannot improve it eihter. What the original user can do to request admin, to send them a contentent to their email for example if they really want to improve the resource elsewhere. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 08:38, 11 March 2026 (UTC)

I think the consensus here is delete. {{U|Codename Noreste}} do you know an efficient way to mass delete these pages? -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:49, 17 May 2026 (UTC)
: I would use a script, but I would probably not delete those pages yet until we have the pseudobot user group. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:53, 17 May 2026 (UTC)

== [[Enhancing Web Browser Security through Cookie Encryption]] ==
{{archive top|'''Kept'''. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:28, 17 May 2026 (UTC)}}
To avoid further conflict with the user who entered this text into Wikiversity, I am opening a RFD request.

I am not sure about how to proceed, although I am inclined to move it out of mainspace = quasi-delete. I am looking forward to get input from others, especially curators and custodians. Some considerations:

1) There is perhaps no more appearance/suspicion of copyright violation, now that the ResearchGate (RG) article (of which this is a copy, perhaps an incomplete copy?) carries a license.

2) The article is not a complete replica from RG: at a minimum, it lacks images. The inserter could have continued editing the page in his user space before he uploads images, that is, before he finalizes the page for consumption, but that did not happen. I did not check whether the text is an exact one-to-one match; the article does not indicate anything in that regard.

3) The principle implied seems to be this: users should feel free to duplicate non-peer-reviewed articles from RG in English Wikiversity, perhaps to increase the Google search and LLM yield. I find this problematic, in part for the duplication. I would say: choose a venue and publish it there. If RG is not good enough for you as a publishing venue, choose Wikiversity instead, but not both?

4) There are some features that appear unduly promotional. There is a link to a dot com home page of the inserter of the article. I dot not know how we handle or should handle this, whether prohibit such a link, etc. This is perhaps not so much a call to quasi-deletion but a call to make it less promotional.

5) I cannot determine the value of such an article. It seems to be a pseudo-article describing someone's browser extension. Can someone do a better analysis?

--[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:48, 8 October 2025 (UTC)

:2) Images for Wikicommons are being created, it will take a lot of time. and the text is not an exact one-to-one match
:3) I also mentioned that It was being created so that it is more accessible from mobile phone, which is not possible in RG or in Zenodo
:Let me clarify the purpose of uploading it to different platforms
:Zenodo - registration and to link DOI
:RG - Self Archiving 
:Wikiversity - Accessible by anyone from any device. LLMs may get trained on Wikiversity data or use these data for indexing 
:5) The paper is a result of a research project which involved a browser extension which was built to test the theory.  [[User:Tomlovesfar|Tomlovesfar]] ([[User talk:Tomlovesfar|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tomlovesfar|contribs]]) 01:34, 9 October 2025 (UTC)
:: I find the practice here of publishing non-identical but similar text (&quot;the text is not an exact one-to-one match&quot;) with almost the same title to be problematic. I cannot imagine this is a recommended practice in academic publishing. At a minimum, somewhere near the top, the page should say something like the following: &quot;This text is based on article ___ published at ___ but is not identical. The author of the differences/changes is ___.&quot; Everything else leads to an undesirable confusion. In academic publishing, the title of an article serves as key part of identification of the artifact.
:: As I said before, I seen nothing particularly academic article-like about the page except for external/superficial signs. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:30, 9 October 2025 (UTC)
:::That Article has been published under CC BY SA 4.0
:::And I am one of the author of the article. That gives me right to modify text and publish it under a similar name. However, I will add the disclaimer text that you have suggested. I hope that helps.  [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2025-27520-79|&amp;#126;2025-27520-79]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2025-27520-79|talk]]) 06:07, 9 October 2025 (UTC)
:::: It may give you that right from the ''copyright'' perspective, but perhaps not from ''academic publishing integrity'' perspective. Unfortunately, I do not have any guideline handy; I am merely following my common (or not so common) sense. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:32, 9 October 2025 (UTC)
:: I would like to ask: was this article guided by someone from an academic institution, such as a university? Is it reviewed at least in some weak sense? --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:39, 9 October 2025 (UTC)
:::Yes, This article has been reviewed by two academic professors, their names are also listed as co authors.
:::First, a project guide would help us with selecting a topic and with the document 
:::Second, an Internal examiner would go through our experiment and approve it
:::Finally, External Examiner would examine the documentation and verify it. 
:::We were required by these professors to put their name under contributions [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2025-27520-79|&amp;#126;2025-27520-79]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2025-27520-79|talk]]) 05:48, 9 October 2025 (UTC)
:: Let me explicate the promotional potential of such a page a bit: one can go to the page of the article in Wikiversity --&gt; https://tomjoejames.com/ --&gt; HitMyTarget (a commercial, profit-making entity?) Why would the link be to a commercial web site rather than an academic page, or perhaps a LinkedIn account, which I think the person has? There could also be no link at all; a search for the name would turn out something in Google as well. But providing a direct link would drive users/viewers toward that website much stronger since otherwise the viewer of the page would have to open a new Google search window or the like. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:45, 9 October 2025 (UTC)
:::It is evident that the website is not even close to being complete. 
:::I will be creating a separate page under the same domain name specifically for people to contact me.
:::The url would probably be defined as tomjoejames.com/contact-me/
:::I haven't decided yet. But that is my personal website.
:::If the community requires me to remove it, I will. But personally I think people who are from here most likely to click the link to know more about me or to contact me. Either way I think my personal website serves the purpose. 
:::As for the HitMyTarget, it can be traced from any of my links. From my research gate profile, linkedin page or even my own userpage.
:::On the article I did not add any promotional content about myself, I hyperlinked only my own name. I do not know how that is promotional. [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2025-27520-79|&amp;#126;2025-27520-79]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2025-27520-79|talk]]) 06:04, 9 October 2025 (UTC)
:::: I am pausing any further responses from me to see whether anyone else has any input. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:30, 9 October 2025 (UTC)
:What does it mean &quot;There is perhaps no more appearance/suspicion of copyright violation&quot;? [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 19:57, 16 October 2025 (UTC)
:I have accepted VRT permission per [[ticket:2025100410001149]] FYI. [[User:Matrix|Matrix]] ([[User talk:Matrix|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Matrix|contribs]]) 11:00, 28 October 2025 (UTC)
::Thank you Matrix [[User:Tomlovesfar|Tomlovesfar]] ([[User talk:Tomlovesfar|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tomlovesfar|contribs]]) 12:43, 28 October 2025 (UTC)
:I would '''delete''' it. 1) it states its a learning resource. It could not be a learning resource as not rewieved original research. 2) It is not an ongoing research, nor the research was performed on Wikiversity - wv is not a preprint or article database. Maybe it could be moved elsewhere withn Wikimedia domain, but I dont know where. So I would delete it. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 21:56, 20 November 2025 (UTC)
::I would '''keep it.''' Like Dan had pointed out,  we do have article-like pages in Wikiversity, and this is not just a random pseudo science article but an article that is a report of an final year project, it has been reviewed by 3 professors whose name has been mentioned at the very beginning.   [[User:Tomlovesfar|Tomlovesfar]] ([[User talk:Tomlovesfar|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tomlovesfar|contribs]]) 14:50, 21 November 2025 (UTC)
:::I think it is not good to rate pages by appearance. It can be done on other Wikimedia projects, but it cannot be done on Wikiversity, because Wikiversity does not create a static format for presenting information, but is focused on the goal and process. Unfortunately, the goal and process do not have a uniform format. While a target article on Wikipedia or an entry on Wiktionary have some standard target format, Wikiversity does not. That is why I personally rate pages according to the goals and their assessment. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 10:05, 22 November 2025 (UTC)

Further reading for this nomination: [[S: Wikisource:Proposed_deletions/Archives/2025#Index:Cookie_Encryption.pdf]]; EncycloPetey handled the matter. Let me quote his wisdom on Zenodo (which I lack): &quot;This is tied to a PDF on Commons that was uploaded as &quot;own work&quot; with a CC license and a doi link to Zenodo, with no indication of where this paper was published or if it was published. Zenodo is not a publisher; it is a site for storing research and sharing papers. If Zenodo is the only place this was &quot;published&quot; then it was effectively self-published. --EncycloPetey (talk) 16:14, 15 September 2025 (UTC)&quot;

--[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 08:55, 9 October 2025 (UTC)

:Can you clarify what point are you trying to state? Didn't I already state that the article is published by me? 
:I first created the article in wikisource which I thought would be the perfect place, unfortunately they do not allow self published articles that are not notable. Then I discovered Wikiversity where they allow self published articles. That is why I created the article here. 
:Unlike in wikisource, I did follow guidelines.
:Ever since you deleted the first article, I spent time reading Wikiversity guidelines and I do think that I am following it perfectly.
:I would like to get your suggestions on how should I improve the page,  10 points would be sufficient. 
:Because your goals or intentions are confusing me very much. At first you told me that the article is exactly the same as the preprint in RG and therefore there is no use to it here. And then when I continued to optimize it for Wikiversity, you went ahead and said it is problematic according to recommended academic publishing. 
:Atleast just respond to the points that I have made whether you agree or disagree. So that I clarify and proceed to discuss points that are important and relevant 
:Have you published an research article? If yes, could you send it to me so that I can see the format you have done it [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2025-27520-79|&amp;#126;2025-27520-79]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2025-27520-79|talk]]) 10:45, 9 October 2025 (UTC)
:: I am giving a chance/time to other curators/custodians to look at the matter and respond to my inputs. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 11:14, 9 October 2025 (UTC)
:: Incidentally, above I counted 4 questions (or more), 1 request (or more?) and 1 command (or more?). That is a behavior of a commanding entity. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 11:24, 9 October 2025 (UTC)

I would '''delete it''''. It's more like an academic communication than a learning resource or research.--[[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 07:32, 26 October 2025 (UTC)
:: In the above post, I do not see any valid rationale for deletion: we do have article-like pages, in Wikijournals and also e.g. in [[Physics/Essays/Fedosin/Stellar Stefan–Boltzmann constant]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 08:59, 3 November 2025 (UTC)
:::But I do, see above. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 21:56, 20 November 2025 (UTC)

:it is a '''student research paper''' forming part of a learning resource on web security and encryption.
:The project was conducted as part of a final-year university course and documented as a practical study on cookie encryption and it has been reviewed by three professors. However, I will be creating a sub page for the article to elaborately describe the experiment that we have conducted and the results we got.    [[User:Tomlovesfar|Tomlovesfar]] ([[User talk:Tomlovesfar|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tomlovesfar|contribs]]) 15:57, 26 October 2025 (UTC)
::And why should w host research papers? Wikiversity is not an academic Journal nor repository. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 10:06, 22 November 2025 (UTC)
:::I do not wish to go through this same argument once again, I've already answered to this question several times in Dan's talk page, Colloquium. you can refer them. I am not hosting the research paper here, I have already hosted the pdf in the ResearchGate, I have published a text version in the wikiversity so that it may be useful for others. Unless you can show me how that article is totally useless, I would like to '''keep''' the article in the wikiversity.    [[User:Tomlovesfar|Tomlovesfar]] ([[User talk:Tomlovesfar|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tomlovesfar|contribs]]) 10:13, 22 November 2025 (UTC)
::::And thats the point I am having. Wikiversity is not paper repository. The only way is to publish it via WikiJournal, but they want it for Wikipedia usually. Why wikiversity should be a duplication of ResearchGate, Academia or Zenodo?
::::What I can read on [[Wikiversity:What is Wikiversity?]] policy is, that Wikiversity research &quot;...includes interpreting primary sources, forming ideas, or taking observations.&quot; The article doent look to fall into this. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 10:43, 22 November 2025 (UTC)
:::::Well, then how come you missed the term &quot;Learning Projects&quot;? As Jtneill had pointed out, this is a legitimate learning project. And also, I do have the VRT permission to host this article on Wikiversity.  [[ticket:2025100410001149]] . besides ResearchGate is an self-archiving platform. the document version in it is not accessibly to screen readers (usually disable people use them), Translators, and also for the mobile readers. therefore I do have valid reasons to publish this article on wikiversity. 
:::::# It is a learning project, therefore according to WIkiversity Policy, It qualifies. 
:::::# I have an explicit VRT permission to host this article on Wikiversity
:::::# Versions that are published in RG, Zenodo are documents, and they are not accessible by screen readers or mobile users. Therefore it is imperative that an article version of this paper exist on here. 
:::::Therefore this article qualifies to stay here on Wikiversity.  [[User:Tomlovesfar|Tomlovesfar]] ([[User talk:Tomlovesfar|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tomlovesfar|contribs]]) 11:22, 22 November 2025 (UTC)

'''Keep'''. This is a legitimate student learning project that may be of use to others. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 02:51, 22 November 2025 (UTC)
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== [[Pragmatics/History]] ==
{{archive top|Deleted. Other related resources have been deleted. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:24, 17 May 2026 (UTC)}}
Another KYPark page and subpages with unclear organization scheme. Contains fairly many redlinked items. See also [[User:KYPark/Literature]], perhaps a similar concept. Unlikely to be really useful for others but KYPark. '''Move to user space'''.

As an alternative, moving to [[History of Pragmatics (KYPark)]] would make sense to me: the topic is identified using a natural-language phrase (instead of the relatively unnatural slash) and the responsible editor is indicated so that the reader knows whether to look or not. And for those who oppose the brackets (which I like): [[History of Pragmatics/KYPark]]. Or also: [[KYPark/History of Pragmatics]]. But then, searches in mainspace will see that content and the question is whether that is good. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:21, 15 October 2025 (UTC)

:What about to propose the user to write some guidelines, how other can participate instead of deleting it? [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 20:03, 16 October 2025 (UTC)
:: I plan to move the pages to userspace as I proposed. If someone wants to ask KYPark to address the problems, they should feel free. There will be plenty of time for KYPark to address the problems while the material is in user space. After the problems are addressed, the material can be moved back to mainspace. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:38, 15 November 2025 (UTC)
:So I would '''delete''' it. In the blocked user space its useless. The user cannot improve it and Wikiversity is not free hosting service for personal pages. My believe is, that there should be just a few working pages in the users spaces. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 08:30, 11 March 2026 (UTC)

'''Move'''. Insufficient statement of learning objective or connection to related learning resources with insufficient current activity to stay in main space. The page was originally [[History of pragmatics]] but was moved by Dave B. Therefore, I suggest moving to [[User:KYPark/History of pragmatics]]. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 02:57, 22 November 2025 (UTC)
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== [[IMHA Research Archives]] ==
I propose to '''move to userspace''', including the subpages. I struggle to understand how Wikiversity readers are supposed to benefit from the material here and in the subpages. In the log, there is e.g. '10 February 2019 Marshallsumter discuss contribs deleted page IMHA Research Archives (content was: &quot;{&lt;nowiki/&gt;{Delete|Author request}} Thanks! -&quot;)', so the page was deleted before, but not the subpages.

We could also delete all the material if we have strong enough suspicion too much of it is copyright violation. In any case, moving to user space improves the matter a little by moving the content away from Google search. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 13:38, 9 November 2025 (UTC)

:Looking at some sub-pages, they can be deleted e.g., because they only consist of broken links or are largely empty. I deleted a couple but haven't been through all to check. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 00:27, 10 November 2025 (UTC)

As an example, let me give the wikitext content of [[IMHA Research Archives/3. Scientific litterature search, storage and use]]:
&lt;pre&gt;
==[[/Medicina Maritima - the Spanish scientific maritime health journal/]]==

==[[/PubMed/]]==

==[[/Google and Google Scholar/]]==

==[[/Zotero/]]==

==[https://www.dropbox.com/sh/d91z7bcyelfvk42/AAAkIvjtBnnFMbiU9ZLOdVL9a/Andrioti_database%20sources0310.pptx?dl=0 Maritime health web portal ressources ]==
&lt;/pre&gt;
The wikilinks are red; the external link to dropbox says &quot;You don't have access&quot;. This was made in 2016. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 09:04, 11 November 2025 (UTC)

:I suggest delete -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 03:27, 12 November 2025 (UTC)
:: I think we should avoid deletion as much as possible, instead moving to user space (bar copyvio, ethics violation, etc.). This is a good general principle. It greatly improves auditability and makes it so much easier for anyone to request undeletion since they know what content they are requesting for undeletion. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 09:52, 12 November 2025 (UTC)
:::Do not recreate Wikiversity from the educational and research project to the personal blog. That will lead to the cancelation of it by WMF. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 21:44, 20 November 2025 (UTC)
:::: The English Wikiversity has a long tradition of moving problematic content to user space, as per evidence collected at [[User:Dan_Polansky/About Wikiversity#Moving pages to userspace]]. If Wikimedia Foundation finds this problematic, they can start a discussion in Colloquium and state their concerns. They do not need to make explicit threats at first; they can start a discussion and explain why it is problematic. They can even do it from an anonymous IP and provide a well-articulated reasoning. And anyone else can start a discussion in Colloquium to change this tradition. I do not see why we should not want to change that tradition based on well-articulated, compelling reasoning. I see no reason why Juandev should be making threats instead of them, on a per RFD basis. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:58, 21 November 2025 (UTC)
:::: If Juandev is ''sincere'' about deleting very-low-value items ''from user space'', he should perhaps demonstrate that by asking his pages like [[:cs:Uživatel:Juandev/Problémy/Kov/Repase dvířek elektroskříně]] to be deleted; otherwise, I register a ''glaring inconsistence''. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 07:43, 21 November 2025 (UTC)
::What was the original delate page about @[[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]]? I guess that would be crucial for the decission. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 21:48, 20 November 2025 (UTC)
:::@[[User:Juandev|Juandev]] the couple of pages I checked and deleted were much like @[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] posted above i.e., headings with empty sections and/or broken links but no substantive content. But I think each sub-page needs checking. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 21:59, 20 November 2025 (UTC)
::::So I'm saying that the main page usually determines what the other pages are for. But if I don't know the page because it's been deleted, or why was deleted (deletion based on the founder's request is probably not the rule), it's hard to judge. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 22:16, 20 November 2025 (UTC)
:::::I've pasted the original content of the root page: [[IMHA Research Archives#Original page]] (i.e., prior to the content being removed and deletion requested) to help understand the context for the sub-pages. In 2018, Saltrabook blanked the page, indicating that the content had been moved elsewhere, and requested page deletion. Marshallsumter then deleted the main page but not the sub-pages. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 01:58, 21 November 2025 (UTC)
::::::I see, so if those subpages are usefull I would keept them, if not I would delete them. I dont see a point of providing free hosting to sombody, by moving many pages to their user space. The question is if we want to host (i.e. to have in the main ns) lists of links elsewhere. I have no opinion on that. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 10:11, 22 November 2025 (UTC)

: Let me clarify that while many of the subpages are like the example above, [[IMHA Research Archives/Scientific litterature search, storage and use/Zotero]] is different:
:: &quot;A continuous critical and evidence based learning is a core issue in clinical practice, research, teaching, publication and prevention activities. The Zotero Program is just one of many scientific literature management programs, that should be used for these purposes. Of course one can live without such a database but it helps a lot and can save a lot of time that could be used for more interesting issues. Not only that, but it helps to create better publications and knowledge. Without this program it can be very time consuming to publish a scientific article with the requested style for the references. Further in daily practice when you want to collect and cite a few references for a specific evidence in a clinical colloquium and discussion, this program is excellent. Therefore we strongly recommend that all maritime health persons learn how to use this excellent tool in their daily maritime health practice of all different types. There are good online courses for self-instruction on how to use Zotero. For example this one: Zotero fast online course But in order to increase IMHAR´s collective scientific strength in the use of EBM we would like to give training sessions in every possible opportunity, IMHA Symposia, seminars and other types of meetings. The database is useful for personal purposes but especially also for collaborative aims. At the IMHAR meeting in Paris Oct 7th 2016 we will give an introduction to the program by showing how it can be used in the daily practice and discuss strength and weaknesses compared to other similar databases.&quot;
: Even longer is e.g. [[IMHA Research Archives/Scientific litterature search, storage and use/Medicina Maritima - the Spanish scientific maritime health journal]].
: However, that does not mean these should be salvaged. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 07:53, 21 November 2025 (UTC)
:{{ping|Saltrabook}} I'm wondering if you can respond here to help us decide about whether to delete the IMHA Research Archives sub-pages or perhaps move them to your user space? -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:58, 17 May 2026 (UTC)

== [[Palliative medicine]] ==
{{archive top|'''Kept'''. Page has been improved. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:38, 17 May 2026 (UTC)}}

Underdeveloped and has not been improved on since 2007. Author inactive. —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 21:42, 14 December 2025 (UTC)

:Delete, per nominator [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 11:16, 22 January 2026 (UTC)
:Yes, I would also expect there to be more and especially that someone would write how to use it. However, it still seems to me to be a useful thing in the sense of a syllabus, so that someone who is interested in the topic knows what information to obtain in order to get a complete picture of the topic. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 07:55, 16 March 2026 (UTC)
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== [[Canadian Wilderness]] ==
{{archive top|Deleted per nom. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:07, 17 May 2026 (UTC)}}
This page doesn't seem to belong to wikiversity. [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 09:55, 6 February 2026 (UTC)

:In principle there could be some material useful here but in practice, I don't see what this page is adding as an educational resource. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 12:54, 6 February 2026 (UTC)
:I can see this being a useful resource to a bigger project. Maybe we could move it to the &quot;[[Wikiversity:Drafts|Draft]]&quot; namespace vs. deleting it? —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 13:28, 6 February 2026 (UTC)
::Does anyone plan to work on it? [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 01:59, 8 February 2026 (UTC)
:::Next week the page has it's 17th birthday. Ever now and than someone added to it. With a lot of work it could be a nice encyclopedic article but making it educational .... Merging it may take more work than rewriting it. Move to Draft might be the best option. [[User:Harold Foppele|Harold Foppele]] ([[User talk:Harold Foppele|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Harold Foppele|contribs]]) 08:58, 12 February 2026 (UTC)
{{archive bottom}}

== [[LQR Control for an Inverted Pendulum]] ==
{{archive top|'''Deleted''' per nom. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:36, 17 May 2026 (UTC)}}
Underdeveloped resource, has not been edited for more than a decade. [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 08:03, 16 March 2026 (UTC)

:Looks like a test, '''delete'''. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 17:30, 27 March 2026 (UTC)
{{archive bottom}}

== False flag &quot;authority hack&quot; user page deletion ==
{{archive top|'''Not undeleted''', the requester dropped the request. See Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion v. 2803217.--[[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 08:36, 10 May 2026 (UTC)}}
'''Undeletion requested'''

Hi, Juandev marked my user page as &quot;spam&quot; and &quot;authority hack&quot;, and deleted it. 

First, I asked him for help with &quot;time limit for new users&quot;, and he replied - I should admit I dont know, what is &quot;new user limit&quot;, but if filter blocks your page because of certain external link, you may force to save anyway and sometimes it works. It should not work, when the website is blacklisted. As of now, I am not seeing you to save page in main namespace, so try to save it without external links first. 

Then he wrote me another message: Well, I have analyzed your contribution to Wikiversity and I should point out here, that this project is not a place for advertising, so there is no way of promoting your books and authority this way. - probably referring to the intro of my About me page where I present me and my work. 

Before I could explain him the difference between the neutral information and advertising and promotion, he deleted my user page. 

Here is my answer I posted to the discussion today: 

: Hi, my About Me page is just an info page with the neutral as possible presentation of my work.
:
: There is a big difference between informing and advertising. Informing is neutrally stating that something exists and requiring no action, while advertising is a special communication form with intent to cause certain action from readers. For example, click here, click there, order this, buy that.
:
: There is no such intention, form, or terms on my info page. Just neutral information. I don't hide and I am not ashamed that I am write and author, and that is a part of the usual bio, including works. I checked your user page: &quot;I graduated from the Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague and studied information science at the Faculty of Arts of Charles University.&quot; I think that if you had written a book on Life Science, you would have mentioned that as well.
:
: Most of the Info page is about my research and AIPA Method which is a valid contribution to psychology, consciousness studies, identity theory, and personality development. Actually, my paper '''AIPA Method: A Cognitive-Phenomenological Model for Identity Reconstruction and Stabilization in Pure Awareness''' is now in the peer review procedure at Journal of Consciousness Studies.
:
: Here is a part from the Wikiversity AIPA Method page in creation (waiting for the end of the time limit for new users):

: == Introduction ==
: The AIPA Method addresses a gap in contemporary personal development and consciousness science: most evidence‑based approaches (CBT, MBSR, MBCT, standard meditation) operate at the level of mental content—reframing thoughts, observing them, or reducing their impact—rather than at the level of identity structure. In contrast, AIPA targets the structural relationship between the self and the mind, aiming at durable identity reconstruction rooted in Pure Awareness rather than symptom management.
:
: The central research question of the primary AIPA preprint is whether a structured, sequentially staged method can produce permanent identity reconstruction rooted in Pure Awareness, and how such a method compares to established approaches in scope, mechanism, and outcome.
:
: == Theoretical foundations ==
: The AIPA framework is grounded in the cognitive‑phenomenological tradition (e.g., McAdams, Varela, Metzinger, Erikson), contemporary consciousness science on minimal phenomenal experience, and qualitative methods advocacy in psychology. It builds directly on:
:* Empirical work on pure awareness and Minimal Phenomenal Experience (MPE), especially Gamma &amp; Metzinger’s large‑scale study of content‑reduced awareness states.
:* Metzinger’s proposal of minimal phenomenal experience as an entry point for a minimal unifying model of consciousness.
:* Narrative identity and partial‑self models within personality and identity theory.
: Within this backdrop, AIPA proposes Pure Awareness as a distinct, operationally specified state that can become a structural ground of identity rather than a transient meditative experience.
:
: == Experiential empiricism ==
: The empirical foundation of the AIPA Method is explicitly first‑person and experiential, combining:
:* A 22‑year longitudinal autoethnographic self‑study (2003–2025) documenting partial personality episodes, protocol use, and outcomes.
:* A 13‑year prospective verification period with zero self‑reported recurrence of targeted harmful behaviors after a dated stabilization point (1 January 2006).
:* A high‑ecological‑validity “stress test” during acute bereavement, used to examine whether non‑reactive awareness remains stable under maximal provocation.
:* Two independent practitioner cases (an Amazon‑verified report and a structured questionnaire case) providing preliminary convergent signals across cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and identity dimensions.
:
: All central constructs (Pure Awareness, partial personalities, the Switch, identity stabilization) are operationalized with explicit phenomenological and behavioral criteria intended to enable replication and future third‑person measurement.
:
: I believe this is a valid contribution to Wikiversity.
:
: Best regards, Senad [[User:Senad Dizdarević|Senad Dizdarević]]


I suggest you check the deleted user page, and see for yourself if it is &quot;spam&quot; and &quot;authority hack&quot;, or a legit author's page with one paragraph short presentation, while the rest of the page is about my research project. 

Thank you for undeleting my user page, so I can use it. 

Best regards, 

Senad Dizdarević [[User:Senad Dizdarević|Senad Dizdarević]] ([[User talk:Senad Dizdarević|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Senad Dizdarević|contribs]]) 07:26, 2 April 2026 (UTC)

:Hi Senad,
:Welcome to Wikiversity.
:It looks like you tried adding similar content to Wikipedia and ran into similar difficulties over there ([[w:User talk:Senad Dizdarević]])? Perhaps that is what has led to you Wikiversity?
:Basically, if you'd like to collaborate and help build open educational resources, feel free to contribute to Wikiversity. But if the primary motivation is to promote your autobiographical work you're probably going to run into challenges.
:Sincerely,
:James
:-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 00:11, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
::James, Hi, and thank you for your answer. 
::Yes, in 2025, I created the autobiographic page on Wikipedia, which was removed because of the links to my books on Amazon. To admin, I explained that I did not know the rules, and agreed that page is removed. Now I know that somebody else must write a Wikipedia page for you. 
::On the deleted user page on Wikiversity, there were no links to Amazon or any other form of promotion, just neutral as possible basic presentation of my writing (one sentence) and current project (the rest of the page). 
::I created Wikiversity page to present my AIPA Method project, to invite researchers to read it, give their opinion, and conduct empirical researches in their institutions. Now, it is in a theoretical phase, and needs more empirical testing. 
::Best regards, 
::Senad [[User:Senad Dizdarević|Senad Dizdarević]] ([[User talk:Senad Dizdarević|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Senad Dizdarević|contribs]]) 07:03, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
:::It looks to me like the primary motivation for contributing to Wikiversity is to drive traffic / search engine ranking to your website?
:::* [[User:Senad Dizdarević]]
:::* [[AIPA Method]]
:::-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 01:36, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
::::No, it is not. There is no link to my website, so &quot;driving traffic to my website&quot; is not possible. 
::::For your educational purposes: 
::::Copilot &quot;AI:  [[User:Senad Dizdarević|Senad Dizdarević]] ([[User talk:Senad Dizdarević|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Senad Dizdarević|contribs]]) 07:38, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
:::::So do you still insist of undeleting your former version of your userpage if you have created the new one? [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 08:15, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
::::::No, because in the moment of undeletition, somebody could delete it again, and so on. Thank you for not deleting my new user page, as it is made in your user page image.  [[User:Senad Dizdarević|Senad Dizdarević]] ([[User talk:Senad Dizdarević|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Senad Dizdarević|contribs]]) 08:59, 6 April 2026 (UTC)

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== Undeletion request ==

It was deleted by an admin without discussion and with untrue rationale. If people take offense with the question that doesn't mean it's not a valid question and the page was good. Please undelete the Wikidebate page [https://web.archive.org/web/20250810030352/https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Is_it_likely_that_Earth_has_been_visited_by_aliens_millions_of_years_ago%3F Is it likely that Earth has been visited by aliens millions of years ago?]

There are lots of sources on the subject, the wikidebate is sourced very well compared to other wikidebates and wikiversity pages, and the page is educational, useful and of good quality. [[User:Prototyperspective|Prototyperspective]] ([[User talk:Prototyperspective|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Prototyperspective|contribs]]) 23:57, 10 April 2026 (UTC)

:Page: [[Is it likely that Earth has been visited by aliens millions of years ago?]]
:Ping: [[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 00:21, 11 April 2026 (UTC)
:There is no need for a discussion for straight garbage-level, pseudoscientific content.
:For '''Is it likely that Earth has been visited by aliens millions of years ago?''', the flaws for this page wouldn't even take someone more than a few minutes to assess:
:* Essentially, the &quot;pro&quot; arguments unproven claims being derived from irrelevant, established facts (basically: &quot;it is likely aliens have came because Earth has existed for so long [sources proving Earth's longevity]&quot;). These are not serious, scientifically-backed arguments - these are non sequiturs. It's as if I said Wikipedia has existed longer than my existence on Earth ([https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/74351725/eyJoIjogImZiODhmYzNkODU1N2UxMWExYzUyODJiYzgzZTRmZDM4OTBjODY5YWMzMjA3NDNmOWEyZTA0ZTU3ZGYwZjAyYTkiLCAidSI6ICJodHRwczovL3B1cmUuaHZhLm5sL3dz-libre.pdf?1636354596=&amp;response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3DCritical_Point_of_View_A_Wikipedia_Reade.pdf&amp;Expires=1775872055&amp;Signature=GqbUZboYRvUYWi~aW40LT5eZSHrLuDL3o0-DxAH8vSvcJcGAuyByZWLF2oHTY6GlB72TqvZxpE-v9d4gvsA6myriYqO~QQQZgWxjT2JXjUWC-yiPcTF4l~lroJSi4dY0v9eKiBcU03l-aeUdrX8~UPfi0TfW0IhsmzH-VBR6X6FrzRpIqc6uM6n9YXfr5FRB3aCqqokU690af3n0Hguaub1Zgmh9qjYYqzBS0VOOHjKTTEQnDuadX3jl5CQeXYTaeCC3H0hMeVwHlratbrnuFEKC1aN0-5znCUoSzMEg21ECzGPTrSDM1W05dcK-u0ZTCeUGKAuC-2yRFL3sY46MIw__&amp;Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA#page=157 reputable source proving ''this'' fact]), therefore it's likely that my birth took place solely for the sake of me experiencing Wikipedia (0 backing). It makes no sense and no person with at least a high school-level of intelligence would take this seriously. 
:* What is worse is that the user is being misleading with their &quot;[the page is] sourced very well&quot; claim. The sources ''themselves'' don't even back up the claims. It's just used as proof for an established concept, where the user then uses this established concept to jump to an unsupported, laughable conclusion that is pulled out of thin air. It's utterly ridiculous to even consider such a page for mainspace since it clearly violates our [[Wikiversity:Verifiability]] policy. This is, once again, pseudoscientific content that has caused our website to reduce in quality over the last few years. 
:* Going source by source, we can see that:
:#[https://web.archive.org/web/20250918011642/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/thebigd/compress-earths-history-into-24-hrs-humans-came-at-1158-pm-yet-killed-70-of-wildlife/ ‘Compress Earth’s history into 24 hrs. Humans came at 11:58 pm, yet killed 70% of wildlife’] is literally just a blog post which doesn't even mention aliens or extraterrestrial life. It just talks about Earth's history in accordance with the 24-hour metric of time, and the author tries to use this article as a 'piece in the puzzle' of aliens &quot;possibly&quot; visiting Earth... which, once again, is unsupported and is not backed up anywhere in the article.
:#[https://web.archive.org/web/20250808053249/https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2023/11/jurassic-worlds-might-be-easier-spot-modern-earth The Cornell article does not even remotely support the idea that &quot;aliens visited Earth&quot;]. It mentions a ''chance'' of &quot;life there [a habitable exoplanet] might not be limited to microbes, but could include creatures as large and varied as the megalosauruses or microraptors that once roamed Earth.&quot;, but again, no justification to take this article as proof that &quot;aliens may have visited us!&quot;. There's no mention of aliens visiting Earth anywhere in the article. Once again this is only proving the background premise, but not the unsupported, nonsensical &quot;alien likelihood&quot; argument that the author of this garbage page is trying to push so desperately.
:#The Parker Solar Probe WP article does not even mention aliens either. It follows the same issues as the previous argument.
:And the other page this user complained about [https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/User_talk:Atcovi#Deletion_of_educational_page_because_of_personal_opinion on my talk page] holds almost similar, maybe even more fatal mistakes, than this one. It has nothing to do with &quot;taking offense&quot;, this is just low-quality, garbage content. —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 00:56, 11 April 2026 (UTC)
::Why do you think pro claims are required to be proven? It's possible to object to them and these are arguments, not contextualized to be statements of proven facts. And it's not a strange or unreasonable argument to make that since Earth has existed for long, it's more likely that aliens have come here in the past than in recent times or the near future. Instead of insulting others' intelligence, maybe engage with the actual reasoning rather than censoring it away. And there are lots of sources, such as [https://interestingengineering.com/science/alien-civilizations-may-have-visited-earth-millions-of-years-ago-study-says Alien Civilizations May Have Visited Earth Millions of Years Ago, Study Says] etc etc. The sources are used for the arguments themselves individually. [[User:Prototyperspective|Prototyperspective]] ([[User talk:Prototyperspective|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Prototyperspective|contribs]]) 12:30, 11 April 2026 (UTC)
:::Because, once again, this is not a site that caters to rampant debating for the sake of &quot;we need to employ rationality and logic to solve the world's problems&quot;, we have policies that we need to fulfill. The claims made in the pro argument clearly do not meet [[Wikiversity:Verifiability]], since you cannot verify these arguments with the sources because they are not relevant. 
:::''&quot;And it's not a strange or unreasonable argument to make that since Earth has existed for long, it's more likely that aliens have come here in the past than in recent times or the near future.&quot;'' The point being is that these arguments are not supported by the sources. Even the article you mention poses the idea as a hypothetical model. This is just you twisting the article to fit your unsupported narrative. I'll bring direct quotes for you to show why the linked article does not help you:
:::* ''One problem the researchers do make sure to point out is that '''they are working with only one data point: our own behaviors and capabilities for space exploration'''. “We tried to come up with a model that would involve the fewest assumptions about sociology that we could,” Carroll-Nellenback told Business Insider. '''We have no real way of knowing the motivations of an alien civilization'''.'' --&gt; proves that this is just speculation and no evidence-based arguments have been provided for the idea that aliens likely visited Earth.
:::And I'm not sure if you read my entire response, but I ''did'' engage with your &quot;actual reasoning&quot; and exposed its weaknesses and lack of adherence to Wikiversity policies. If we allowed content that was just filled with non sequiturs we would have content that fails Wikiversity's educational objectives and reduces the overall quality of this website, hence why such a harsh stance needs to be taken. —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 13:50, 11 April 2026 (UTC)
::::Thanks for proving that the Wikimedia ecosystem is unfit to deliberate on controversial topics. The question is entirely valid and the content is far better sourced than nearly all Wikidebates and has no genuine flaws. The only possible issue with it as far as I can see is that now that Wikidebates has been paused people can't add objections if they do have sth specific to say about the topic that's not already included on that page which already had plenty of Cons and objections.
::::The page was more educational than most of Wikiversity and it was well-sourced – wikidebates was for arguments so people were invited to make arguments based on sourced things or outlined logic and the page met [[WV:V]] and most pages on Wikiversity aren't sourced as good. Doesn't look like people can see beyond their biases and personal views here but that's more evident in the marginalization and deletion of wikidebates and the low activity in that project than these selective deletions. A constructive thing to do would be to add reasoned Cons and objections not yet on the page and people had plenty of time to do that. There are and will be other sites for free constructive rational adversarial deliberation (not a big loss in that sense). [[User:Prototyperspective|Prototyperspective]] ([[User talk:Prototyperspective|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Prototyperspective|contribs]]) 16:31, 22 April 2026 (UTC)
:::::Thank you for failing to address any of my arguments and going on an unrelated, nonsensical tangent that has nothing to do with the discussion. Once you start producing work that aligns with Wikiversity's content policies instead of typing up laughable, pseudoscientific garbage, then maybe your work can be accepted and not removed. —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 16:59, 22 April 2026 (UTC)
::::::I suggest you stop ridiculing things and learn respectfully forming genuine points about the subject at hand. {{tq|the idea as a hypothetical model}} but please learn first about what arguments are and why they're not the same as a statement of objective proven fact. [[User:Prototyperspective|Prototyperspective]] ([[User talk:Prototyperspective|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Prototyperspective|contribs]]) 17:18, 22 April 2026 (UTC)

==Pages by Harold Foppele==
[[User:Harold Foppele]] is locally blocked indefinitely and globally banned for sockpuppetry. There were also WMF and local community concerns expressed about copyright violation and AI (over)use. As a result, I think the Wikiversity pages created by this account warrant review with regard what should be deleted, what should be retained etc.:
* [[Completing the square]]
* [[Number of independent spatial modes in a spherical volume]]
* [[Quantum]]
** [[Quantum/Andrew N. Jordan]]
* [[Quantum A Matter Of Size]]
* [[Quantum A Spooky Action at a Distance]]
* [[Quantum: A Walk Through the Universe]]
* [[Quantum Computing Algorithms in the NISQ Era]]
* [[Quantum Formulas Collection]]
* [[Quantum harmonic oscillator]]
* [[Quantum Matter Elements and Particles]]
* [[Quantum mechanics]]
** [[Quantum mechanics/Timeline]]
* [[Quantum mechanics learning module]]
* [[Quantum mechanics measurements]]
* [[Quantum Noisy Qubits]]
* [[Quantum optics beam splitter experiments]]
* [[Quantum: The Secret of Cohesion: How Waves Hold Matter Together]]
* [[Quantum Ultra fast lasers]]
* [[Speed of sound experiments]]
* [[User:Harold Foppele]]
-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 08:12, 17 May 2026 (UTC)

:'''Delete all''' Not worth keeping. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 08:27, 17 May 2026 (UTC)
==[[User:PieWriter/RFD.js]]==
test &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 07:58, 18 May 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>boikdhbu99ivzt8mex1winmd5fp8mq0</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2810055</id>
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        <id>3039865</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edit by [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User_talk:PieWriter|talk]]) to last version by [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] using [[Wikiversity:Rollback|rollback]]</comment>
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[[Category:Wikiversity deletion]]

__TOC__

== [[Korean/Words]] ==
(I go to RfD instead of ''proposed deletion'' since many pages are affected.)

I proposed to quasi-delete, i.e. '''move to userspace''' of the main (or sole?) creator, {{User|KYPark}}.

The page is organized a little bit like a dictionary. It makes it redundant to Wiktionary except that Wikiversity allows original research and there does seem to be original research there. Thus, its being organized as a dictionary would alone not necessarily be a problem.

Where I see a problem is in the organization and execution/implementation. Consider [[Korean/Words/가다]], which seems rather typical of the subpages (some subpages are like categories and transclude the pages for individual words):
* On the putative definition line, there is this: &quot;한곳에서 다른 곳으로 장소를 이동하다&quot;, apparently(?) in Korean. That does not seem to fit well into the ''English'' Wikiversity.
* There seems to be some original research into etymological relations between Korean and European languages in the &quot;Comparatives&quot; section (from what I recall, the English Wiktionary rejected this kind of content from KYPark). Admittedly, it is marked using &quot;This is a primary, secondary and/or original Eurasiatic research project at Wikiversity&quot;, so it could be tolerable, but even so, one has to wonder whether Wikiversity wants this kind of fringe science/research or outright pseudo-science.
** Fringe science: fringe physics has been moved to user space before. This would be fringe etymology. But then, original research is allowed.

Deletion is not required; moving to user space suffices, I think. Alternatively, one could at least rename the pages to make it clear from the title that this is not Wikiversity voice but rather KYPark voice, e.g. &quot;Korean/Words (KYPark)/...&quot; or  &quot;Korean/Words/KYPark/...&quot;  (recall the &quot;Fedosin&quot; pages featuring the name &quot;Fedosin&quot;).

Methodology: I see almost no methodological notes spanning the words at [[Korean/Words]]. And yet, if this is original research inventing new etymological connections, surely there should be some general considerations/analysis on how to proceed and how that manner of procedure differs from mainstream etymology?

Prefix index (max 200 items?):
{{collapse top}}
{{Small START}}
{{Special:Prefixindex/Korean/Words}}
{{Small END}}
{{Collapse bottom}}
--[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 09:33, 24 September 2025 (UTC)

:I would keep it. If there is a course of Korean, why not to have a resesearch on Korean vocabulary? [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 19:53, 16 October 2025 (UTC)
:: I propose to dismiss the above input: 1) it does not contain any argument, except for a question, and a question is not an argument (it can be so reinterpreted, but that includes additional burden on the interpreters, in interpreting it the wrong way); 2) it ignores all the issues I have raised, including that there is something like definition lines in Korean, in this ''English'' Wikiversity. To answer the question asked: there can be a research on Korean vocabulary in the mainspace, but not one showing the defects I identified above. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:35, 15 November 2025 (UTC)
:I've reviewed a sample of approximately 20 of the Korean/Words sub-pages and lean towards moving to user space because:
:* The pages appear to be an idiosynchratic collection of etymological pages about Korean language
:* There is minimal English instruction which is problematic for English Wikiversity
:* There is no explanation of research method
:* There is no educational rationale
:-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 00:31, 22 November 2025 (UTC)
:Well, since the original creator has indef I change my mind and I would '''delete''' it. The case is nobody knows how to continue with the research and if we move it to the userspace, the user cannot improve it eihter. What the original user can do to request admin, to send them a contentent to their email for example if they really want to improve the resource elsewhere. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 08:38, 11 March 2026 (UTC)

I think the consensus here is delete. {{U|Codename Noreste}} do you know an efficient way to mass delete these pages? -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:49, 17 May 2026 (UTC)
: I would use a script, but I would probably not delete those pages yet until we have the pseudobot user group. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:53, 17 May 2026 (UTC)

== [[Enhancing Web Browser Security through Cookie Encryption]] ==
{{archive top|'''Kept'''. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:28, 17 May 2026 (UTC)}}
To avoid further conflict with the user who entered this text into Wikiversity, I am opening a RFD request.

I am not sure about how to proceed, although I am inclined to move it out of mainspace = quasi-delete. I am looking forward to get input from others, especially curators and custodians. Some considerations:

1) There is perhaps no more appearance/suspicion of copyright violation, now that the ResearchGate (RG) article (of which this is a copy, perhaps an incomplete copy?) carries a license.

2) The article is not a complete replica from RG: at a minimum, it lacks images. The inserter could have continued editing the page in his user space before he uploads images, that is, before he finalizes the page for consumption, but that did not happen. I did not check whether the text is an exact one-to-one match; the article does not indicate anything in that regard.

3) The principle implied seems to be this: users should feel free to duplicate non-peer-reviewed articles from RG in English Wikiversity, perhaps to increase the Google search and LLM yield. I find this problematic, in part for the duplication. I would say: choose a venue and publish it there. If RG is not good enough for you as a publishing venue, choose Wikiversity instead, but not both?

4) There are some features that appear unduly promotional. There is a link to a dot com home page of the inserter of the article. I dot not know how we handle or should handle this, whether prohibit such a link, etc. This is perhaps not so much a call to quasi-deletion but a call to make it less promotional.

5) I cannot determine the value of such an article. It seems to be a pseudo-article describing someone's browser extension. Can someone do a better analysis?

--[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:48, 8 October 2025 (UTC)

:2) Images for Wikicommons are being created, it will take a lot of time. and the text is not an exact one-to-one match
:3) I also mentioned that It was being created so that it is more accessible from mobile phone, which is not possible in RG or in Zenodo
:Let me clarify the purpose of uploading it to different platforms
:Zenodo - registration and to link DOI
:RG - Self Archiving 
:Wikiversity - Accessible by anyone from any device. LLMs may get trained on Wikiversity data or use these data for indexing 
:5) The paper is a result of a research project which involved a browser extension which was built to test the theory.  [[User:Tomlovesfar|Tomlovesfar]] ([[User talk:Tomlovesfar|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tomlovesfar|contribs]]) 01:34, 9 October 2025 (UTC)
:: I find the practice here of publishing non-identical but similar text (&quot;the text is not an exact one-to-one match&quot;) with almost the same title to be problematic. I cannot imagine this is a recommended practice in academic publishing. At a minimum, somewhere near the top, the page should say something like the following: &quot;This text is based on article ___ published at ___ but is not identical. The author of the differences/changes is ___.&quot; Everything else leads to an undesirable confusion. In academic publishing, the title of an article serves as key part of identification of the artifact.
:: As I said before, I seen nothing particularly academic article-like about the page except for external/superficial signs. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:30, 9 October 2025 (UTC)
:::That Article has been published under CC BY SA 4.0
:::And I am one of the author of the article. That gives me right to modify text and publish it under a similar name. However, I will add the disclaimer text that you have suggested. I hope that helps.  [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2025-27520-79|&amp;#126;2025-27520-79]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2025-27520-79|talk]]) 06:07, 9 October 2025 (UTC)
:::: It may give you that right from the ''copyright'' perspective, but perhaps not from ''academic publishing integrity'' perspective. Unfortunately, I do not have any guideline handy; I am merely following my common (or not so common) sense. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:32, 9 October 2025 (UTC)
:: I would like to ask: was this article guided by someone from an academic institution, such as a university? Is it reviewed at least in some weak sense? --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:39, 9 October 2025 (UTC)
:::Yes, This article has been reviewed by two academic professors, their names are also listed as co authors.
:::First, a project guide would help us with selecting a topic and with the document 
:::Second, an Internal examiner would go through our experiment and approve it
:::Finally, External Examiner would examine the documentation and verify it. 
:::We were required by these professors to put their name under contributions [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2025-27520-79|&amp;#126;2025-27520-79]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2025-27520-79|talk]]) 05:48, 9 October 2025 (UTC)
:: Let me explicate the promotional potential of such a page a bit: one can go to the page of the article in Wikiversity --&gt; https://tomjoejames.com/ --&gt; HitMyTarget (a commercial, profit-making entity?) Why would the link be to a commercial web site rather than an academic page, or perhaps a LinkedIn account, which I think the person has? There could also be no link at all; a search for the name would turn out something in Google as well. But providing a direct link would drive users/viewers toward that website much stronger since otherwise the viewer of the page would have to open a new Google search window or the like. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:45, 9 October 2025 (UTC)
:::It is evident that the website is not even close to being complete. 
:::I will be creating a separate page under the same domain name specifically for people to contact me.
:::The url would probably be defined as tomjoejames.com/contact-me/
:::I haven't decided yet. But that is my personal website.
:::If the community requires me to remove it, I will. But personally I think people who are from here most likely to click the link to know more about me or to contact me. Either way I think my personal website serves the purpose. 
:::As for the HitMyTarget, it can be traced from any of my links. From my research gate profile, linkedin page or even my own userpage.
:::On the article I did not add any promotional content about myself, I hyperlinked only my own name. I do not know how that is promotional. [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2025-27520-79|&amp;#126;2025-27520-79]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2025-27520-79|talk]]) 06:04, 9 October 2025 (UTC)
:::: I am pausing any further responses from me to see whether anyone else has any input. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:30, 9 October 2025 (UTC)
:What does it mean &quot;There is perhaps no more appearance/suspicion of copyright violation&quot;? [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 19:57, 16 October 2025 (UTC)
:I have accepted VRT permission per [[ticket:2025100410001149]] FYI. [[User:Matrix|Matrix]] ([[User talk:Matrix|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Matrix|contribs]]) 11:00, 28 October 2025 (UTC)
::Thank you Matrix [[User:Tomlovesfar|Tomlovesfar]] ([[User talk:Tomlovesfar|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tomlovesfar|contribs]]) 12:43, 28 October 2025 (UTC)
:I would '''delete''' it. 1) it states its a learning resource. It could not be a learning resource as not rewieved original research. 2) It is not an ongoing research, nor the research was performed on Wikiversity - wv is not a preprint or article database. Maybe it could be moved elsewhere withn Wikimedia domain, but I dont know where. So I would delete it. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 21:56, 20 November 2025 (UTC)
::I would '''keep it.''' Like Dan had pointed out,  we do have article-like pages in Wikiversity, and this is not just a random pseudo science article but an article that is a report of an final year project, it has been reviewed by 3 professors whose name has been mentioned at the very beginning.   [[User:Tomlovesfar|Tomlovesfar]] ([[User talk:Tomlovesfar|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tomlovesfar|contribs]]) 14:50, 21 November 2025 (UTC)
:::I think it is not good to rate pages by appearance. It can be done on other Wikimedia projects, but it cannot be done on Wikiversity, because Wikiversity does not create a static format for presenting information, but is focused on the goal and process. Unfortunately, the goal and process do not have a uniform format. While a target article on Wikipedia or an entry on Wiktionary have some standard target format, Wikiversity does not. That is why I personally rate pages according to the goals and their assessment. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 10:05, 22 November 2025 (UTC)

Further reading for this nomination: [[S: Wikisource:Proposed_deletions/Archives/2025#Index:Cookie_Encryption.pdf]]; EncycloPetey handled the matter. Let me quote his wisdom on Zenodo (which I lack): &quot;This is tied to a PDF on Commons that was uploaded as &quot;own work&quot; with a CC license and a doi link to Zenodo, with no indication of where this paper was published or if it was published. Zenodo is not a publisher; it is a site for storing research and sharing papers. If Zenodo is the only place this was &quot;published&quot; then it was effectively self-published. --EncycloPetey (talk) 16:14, 15 September 2025 (UTC)&quot;

--[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 08:55, 9 October 2025 (UTC)

:Can you clarify what point are you trying to state? Didn't I already state that the article is published by me? 
:I first created the article in wikisource which I thought would be the perfect place, unfortunately they do not allow self published articles that are not notable. Then I discovered Wikiversity where they allow self published articles. That is why I created the article here. 
:Unlike in wikisource, I did follow guidelines.
:Ever since you deleted the first article, I spent time reading Wikiversity guidelines and I do think that I am following it perfectly.
:I would like to get your suggestions on how should I improve the page,  10 points would be sufficient. 
:Because your goals or intentions are confusing me very much. At first you told me that the article is exactly the same as the preprint in RG and therefore there is no use to it here. And then when I continued to optimize it for Wikiversity, you went ahead and said it is problematic according to recommended academic publishing. 
:Atleast just respond to the points that I have made whether you agree or disagree. So that I clarify and proceed to discuss points that are important and relevant 
:Have you published an research article? If yes, could you send it to me so that I can see the format you have done it [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2025-27520-79|&amp;#126;2025-27520-79]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2025-27520-79|talk]]) 10:45, 9 October 2025 (UTC)
:: I am giving a chance/time to other curators/custodians to look at the matter and respond to my inputs. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 11:14, 9 October 2025 (UTC)
:: Incidentally, above I counted 4 questions (or more), 1 request (or more?) and 1 command (or more?). That is a behavior of a commanding entity. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 11:24, 9 October 2025 (UTC)

I would '''delete it''''. It's more like an academic communication than a learning resource or research.--[[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 07:32, 26 October 2025 (UTC)
:: In the above post, I do not see any valid rationale for deletion: we do have article-like pages, in Wikijournals and also e.g. in [[Physics/Essays/Fedosin/Stellar Stefan–Boltzmann constant]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 08:59, 3 November 2025 (UTC)
:::But I do, see above. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 21:56, 20 November 2025 (UTC)

:it is a '''student research paper''' forming part of a learning resource on web security and encryption.
:The project was conducted as part of a final-year university course and documented as a practical study on cookie encryption and it has been reviewed by three professors. However, I will be creating a sub page for the article to elaborately describe the experiment that we have conducted and the results we got.    [[User:Tomlovesfar|Tomlovesfar]] ([[User talk:Tomlovesfar|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tomlovesfar|contribs]]) 15:57, 26 October 2025 (UTC)
::And why should w host research papers? Wikiversity is not an academic Journal nor repository. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 10:06, 22 November 2025 (UTC)
:::I do not wish to go through this same argument once again, I've already answered to this question several times in Dan's talk page, Colloquium. you can refer them. I am not hosting the research paper here, I have already hosted the pdf in the ResearchGate, I have published a text version in the wikiversity so that it may be useful for others. Unless you can show me how that article is totally useless, I would like to '''keep''' the article in the wikiversity.    [[User:Tomlovesfar|Tomlovesfar]] ([[User talk:Tomlovesfar|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tomlovesfar|contribs]]) 10:13, 22 November 2025 (UTC)
::::And thats the point I am having. Wikiversity is not paper repository. The only way is to publish it via WikiJournal, but they want it for Wikipedia usually. Why wikiversity should be a duplication of ResearchGate, Academia or Zenodo?
::::What I can read on [[Wikiversity:What is Wikiversity?]] policy is, that Wikiversity research &quot;...includes interpreting primary sources, forming ideas, or taking observations.&quot; The article doent look to fall into this. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 10:43, 22 November 2025 (UTC)
:::::Well, then how come you missed the term &quot;Learning Projects&quot;? As Jtneill had pointed out, this is a legitimate learning project. And also, I do have the VRT permission to host this article on Wikiversity.  [[ticket:2025100410001149]] . besides ResearchGate is an self-archiving platform. the document version in it is not accessibly to screen readers (usually disable people use them), Translators, and also for the mobile readers. therefore I do have valid reasons to publish this article on wikiversity. 
:::::# It is a learning project, therefore according to WIkiversity Policy, It qualifies. 
:::::# I have an explicit VRT permission to host this article on Wikiversity
:::::# Versions that are published in RG, Zenodo are documents, and they are not accessible by screen readers or mobile users. Therefore it is imperative that an article version of this paper exist on here. 
:::::Therefore this article qualifies to stay here on Wikiversity.  [[User:Tomlovesfar|Tomlovesfar]] ([[User talk:Tomlovesfar|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tomlovesfar|contribs]]) 11:22, 22 November 2025 (UTC)

'''Keep'''. This is a legitimate student learning project that may be of use to others. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 02:51, 22 November 2025 (UTC)
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== [[Pragmatics/History]] ==
{{archive top|Deleted. Other related resources have been deleted. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:24, 17 May 2026 (UTC)}}
Another KYPark page and subpages with unclear organization scheme. Contains fairly many redlinked items. See also [[User:KYPark/Literature]], perhaps a similar concept. Unlikely to be really useful for others but KYPark. '''Move to user space'''.

As an alternative, moving to [[History of Pragmatics (KYPark)]] would make sense to me: the topic is identified using a natural-language phrase (instead of the relatively unnatural slash) and the responsible editor is indicated so that the reader knows whether to look or not. And for those who oppose the brackets (which I like): [[History of Pragmatics/KYPark]]. Or also: [[KYPark/History of Pragmatics]]. But then, searches in mainspace will see that content and the question is whether that is good. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:21, 15 October 2025 (UTC)

:What about to propose the user to write some guidelines, how other can participate instead of deleting it? [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 20:03, 16 October 2025 (UTC)
:: I plan to move the pages to userspace as I proposed. If someone wants to ask KYPark to address the problems, they should feel free. There will be plenty of time for KYPark to address the problems while the material is in user space. After the problems are addressed, the material can be moved back to mainspace. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:38, 15 November 2025 (UTC)
:So I would '''delete''' it. In the blocked user space its useless. The user cannot improve it and Wikiversity is not free hosting service for personal pages. My believe is, that there should be just a few working pages in the users spaces. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 08:30, 11 March 2026 (UTC)

'''Move'''. Insufficient statement of learning objective or connection to related learning resources with insufficient current activity to stay in main space. The page was originally [[History of pragmatics]] but was moved by Dave B. Therefore, I suggest moving to [[User:KYPark/History of pragmatics]]. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 02:57, 22 November 2025 (UTC)
{{archive bottom}}

== [[IMHA Research Archives]] ==
I propose to '''move to userspace''', including the subpages. I struggle to understand how Wikiversity readers are supposed to benefit from the material here and in the subpages. In the log, there is e.g. '10 February 2019 Marshallsumter discuss contribs deleted page IMHA Research Archives (content was: &quot;{&lt;nowiki/&gt;{Delete|Author request}} Thanks! -&quot;)', so the page was deleted before, but not the subpages.

We could also delete all the material if we have strong enough suspicion too much of it is copyright violation. In any case, moving to user space improves the matter a little by moving the content away from Google search. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 13:38, 9 November 2025 (UTC)

:Looking at some sub-pages, they can be deleted e.g., because they only consist of broken links or are largely empty. I deleted a couple but haven't been through all to check. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 00:27, 10 November 2025 (UTC)

As an example, let me give the wikitext content of [[IMHA Research Archives/3. Scientific litterature search, storage and use]]:
&lt;pre&gt;
==[[/Medicina Maritima - the Spanish scientific maritime health journal/]]==

==[[/PubMed/]]==

==[[/Google and Google Scholar/]]==

==[[/Zotero/]]==

==[https://www.dropbox.com/sh/d91z7bcyelfvk42/AAAkIvjtBnnFMbiU9ZLOdVL9a/Andrioti_database%20sources0310.pptx?dl=0 Maritime health web portal ressources ]==
&lt;/pre&gt;
The wikilinks are red; the external link to dropbox says &quot;You don't have access&quot;. This was made in 2016. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 09:04, 11 November 2025 (UTC)

:I suggest delete -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 03:27, 12 November 2025 (UTC)
:: I think we should avoid deletion as much as possible, instead moving to user space (bar copyvio, ethics violation, etc.). This is a good general principle. It greatly improves auditability and makes it so much easier for anyone to request undeletion since they know what content they are requesting for undeletion. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 09:52, 12 November 2025 (UTC)
:::Do not recreate Wikiversity from the educational and research project to the personal blog. That will lead to the cancelation of it by WMF. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 21:44, 20 November 2025 (UTC)
:::: The English Wikiversity has a long tradition of moving problematic content to user space, as per evidence collected at [[User:Dan_Polansky/About Wikiversity#Moving pages to userspace]]. If Wikimedia Foundation finds this problematic, they can start a discussion in Colloquium and state their concerns. They do not need to make explicit threats at first; they can start a discussion and explain why it is problematic. They can even do it from an anonymous IP and provide a well-articulated reasoning. And anyone else can start a discussion in Colloquium to change this tradition. I do not see why we should not want to change that tradition based on well-articulated, compelling reasoning. I see no reason why Juandev should be making threats instead of them, on a per RFD basis. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:58, 21 November 2025 (UTC)
:::: If Juandev is ''sincere'' about deleting very-low-value items ''from user space'', he should perhaps demonstrate that by asking his pages like [[:cs:Uživatel:Juandev/Problémy/Kov/Repase dvířek elektroskříně]] to be deleted; otherwise, I register a ''glaring inconsistence''. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 07:43, 21 November 2025 (UTC)
::What was the original delate page about @[[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]]? I guess that would be crucial for the decission. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 21:48, 20 November 2025 (UTC)
:::@[[User:Juandev|Juandev]] the couple of pages I checked and deleted were much like @[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] posted above i.e., headings with empty sections and/or broken links but no substantive content. But I think each sub-page needs checking. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 21:59, 20 November 2025 (UTC)
::::So I'm saying that the main page usually determines what the other pages are for. But if I don't know the page because it's been deleted, or why was deleted (deletion based on the founder's request is probably not the rule), it's hard to judge. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 22:16, 20 November 2025 (UTC)
:::::I've pasted the original content of the root page: [[IMHA Research Archives#Original page]] (i.e., prior to the content being removed and deletion requested) to help understand the context for the sub-pages. In 2018, Saltrabook blanked the page, indicating that the content had been moved elsewhere, and requested page deletion. Marshallsumter then deleted the main page but not the sub-pages. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 01:58, 21 November 2025 (UTC)
::::::I see, so if those subpages are usefull I would keept them, if not I would delete them. I dont see a point of providing free hosting to sombody, by moving many pages to their user space. The question is if we want to host (i.e. to have in the main ns) lists of links elsewhere. I have no opinion on that. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 10:11, 22 November 2025 (UTC)

: Let me clarify that while many of the subpages are like the example above, [[IMHA Research Archives/Scientific litterature search, storage and use/Zotero]] is different:
:: &quot;A continuous critical and evidence based learning is a core issue in clinical practice, research, teaching, publication and prevention activities. The Zotero Program is just one of many scientific literature management programs, that should be used for these purposes. Of course one can live without such a database but it helps a lot and can save a lot of time that could be used for more interesting issues. Not only that, but it helps to create better publications and knowledge. Without this program it can be very time consuming to publish a scientific article with the requested style for the references. Further in daily practice when you want to collect and cite a few references for a specific evidence in a clinical colloquium and discussion, this program is excellent. Therefore we strongly recommend that all maritime health persons learn how to use this excellent tool in their daily maritime health practice of all different types. There are good online courses for self-instruction on how to use Zotero. For example this one: Zotero fast online course But in order to increase IMHAR´s collective scientific strength in the use of EBM we would like to give training sessions in every possible opportunity, IMHA Symposia, seminars and other types of meetings. The database is useful for personal purposes but especially also for collaborative aims. At the IMHAR meeting in Paris Oct 7th 2016 we will give an introduction to the program by showing how it can be used in the daily practice and discuss strength and weaknesses compared to other similar databases.&quot;
: Even longer is e.g. [[IMHA Research Archives/Scientific litterature search, storage and use/Medicina Maritima - the Spanish scientific maritime health journal]].
: However, that does not mean these should be salvaged. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 07:53, 21 November 2025 (UTC)
:{{ping|Saltrabook}} I'm wondering if you can respond here to help us decide about whether to delete the IMHA Research Archives sub-pages or perhaps move them to your user space? -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:58, 17 May 2026 (UTC)

== [[Palliative medicine]] ==
{{archive top|'''Kept'''. Page has been improved. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:38, 17 May 2026 (UTC)}}

Underdeveloped and has not been improved on since 2007. Author inactive. —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 21:42, 14 December 2025 (UTC)

:Delete, per nominator [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 11:16, 22 January 2026 (UTC)
:Yes, I would also expect there to be more and especially that someone would write how to use it. However, it still seems to me to be a useful thing in the sense of a syllabus, so that someone who is interested in the topic knows what information to obtain in order to get a complete picture of the topic. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 07:55, 16 March 2026 (UTC)
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== [[Canadian Wilderness]] ==
{{archive top|Deleted per nom. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:07, 17 May 2026 (UTC)}}
This page doesn't seem to belong to wikiversity. [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 09:55, 6 February 2026 (UTC)

:In principle there could be some material useful here but in practice, I don't see what this page is adding as an educational resource. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 12:54, 6 February 2026 (UTC)
:I can see this being a useful resource to a bigger project. Maybe we could move it to the &quot;[[Wikiversity:Drafts|Draft]]&quot; namespace vs. deleting it? —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 13:28, 6 February 2026 (UTC)
::Does anyone plan to work on it? [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 01:59, 8 February 2026 (UTC)
:::Next week the page has it's 17th birthday. Ever now and than someone added to it. With a lot of work it could be a nice encyclopedic article but making it educational .... Merging it may take more work than rewriting it. Move to Draft might be the best option. [[User:Harold Foppele|Harold Foppele]] ([[User talk:Harold Foppele|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Harold Foppele|contribs]]) 08:58, 12 February 2026 (UTC)
{{archive bottom}}

== [[LQR Control for an Inverted Pendulum]] ==
{{archive top|'''Deleted''' per nom. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:36, 17 May 2026 (UTC)}}
Underdeveloped resource, has not been edited for more than a decade. [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 08:03, 16 March 2026 (UTC)

:Looks like a test, '''delete'''. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 17:30, 27 March 2026 (UTC)
{{archive bottom}}

== False flag &quot;authority hack&quot; user page deletion ==
{{archive top|'''Not undeleted''', the requester dropped the request. See Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion v. 2803217.--[[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 08:36, 10 May 2026 (UTC)}}
'''Undeletion requested'''

Hi, Juandev marked my user page as &quot;spam&quot; and &quot;authority hack&quot;, and deleted it. 

First, I asked him for help with &quot;time limit for new users&quot;, and he replied - I should admit I dont know, what is &quot;new user limit&quot;, but if filter blocks your page because of certain external link, you may force to save anyway and sometimes it works. It should not work, when the website is blacklisted. As of now, I am not seeing you to save page in main namespace, so try to save it without external links first. 

Then he wrote me another message: Well, I have analyzed your contribution to Wikiversity and I should point out here, that this project is not a place for advertising, so there is no way of promoting your books and authority this way. - probably referring to the intro of my About me page where I present me and my work. 

Before I could explain him the difference between the neutral information and advertising and promotion, he deleted my user page. 

Here is my answer I posted to the discussion today: 

: Hi, my About Me page is just an info page with the neutral as possible presentation of my work.
:
: There is a big difference between informing and advertising. Informing is neutrally stating that something exists and requiring no action, while advertising is a special communication form with intent to cause certain action from readers. For example, click here, click there, order this, buy that.
:
: There is no such intention, form, or terms on my info page. Just neutral information. I don't hide and I am not ashamed that I am write and author, and that is a part of the usual bio, including works. I checked your user page: &quot;I graduated from the Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague and studied information science at the Faculty of Arts of Charles University.&quot; I think that if you had written a book on Life Science, you would have mentioned that as well.
:
: Most of the Info page is about my research and AIPA Method which is a valid contribution to psychology, consciousness studies, identity theory, and personality development. Actually, my paper '''AIPA Method: A Cognitive-Phenomenological Model for Identity Reconstruction and Stabilization in Pure Awareness''' is now in the peer review procedure at Journal of Consciousness Studies.
:
: Here is a part from the Wikiversity AIPA Method page in creation (waiting for the end of the time limit for new users):

: == Introduction ==
: The AIPA Method addresses a gap in contemporary personal development and consciousness science: most evidence‑based approaches (CBT, MBSR, MBCT, standard meditation) operate at the level of mental content—reframing thoughts, observing them, or reducing their impact—rather than at the level of identity structure. In contrast, AIPA targets the structural relationship between the self and the mind, aiming at durable identity reconstruction rooted in Pure Awareness rather than symptom management.
:
: The central research question of the primary AIPA preprint is whether a structured, sequentially staged method can produce permanent identity reconstruction rooted in Pure Awareness, and how such a method compares to established approaches in scope, mechanism, and outcome.
:
: == Theoretical foundations ==
: The AIPA framework is grounded in the cognitive‑phenomenological tradition (e.g., McAdams, Varela, Metzinger, Erikson), contemporary consciousness science on minimal phenomenal experience, and qualitative methods advocacy in psychology. It builds directly on:
:* Empirical work on pure awareness and Minimal Phenomenal Experience (MPE), especially Gamma &amp; Metzinger’s large‑scale study of content‑reduced awareness states.
:* Metzinger’s proposal of minimal phenomenal experience as an entry point for a minimal unifying model of consciousness.
:* Narrative identity and partial‑self models within personality and identity theory.
: Within this backdrop, AIPA proposes Pure Awareness as a distinct, operationally specified state that can become a structural ground of identity rather than a transient meditative experience.
:
: == Experiential empiricism ==
: The empirical foundation of the AIPA Method is explicitly first‑person and experiential, combining:
:* A 22‑year longitudinal autoethnographic self‑study (2003–2025) documenting partial personality episodes, protocol use, and outcomes.
:* A 13‑year prospective verification period with zero self‑reported recurrence of targeted harmful behaviors after a dated stabilization point (1 January 2006).
:* A high‑ecological‑validity “stress test” during acute bereavement, used to examine whether non‑reactive awareness remains stable under maximal provocation.
:* Two independent practitioner cases (an Amazon‑verified report and a structured questionnaire case) providing preliminary convergent signals across cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and identity dimensions.
:
: All central constructs (Pure Awareness, partial personalities, the Switch, identity stabilization) are operationalized with explicit phenomenological and behavioral criteria intended to enable replication and future third‑person measurement.
:
: I believe this is a valid contribution to Wikiversity.
:
: Best regards, Senad [[User:Senad Dizdarević|Senad Dizdarević]]


I suggest you check the deleted user page, and see for yourself if it is &quot;spam&quot; and &quot;authority hack&quot;, or a legit author's page with one paragraph short presentation, while the rest of the page is about my research project. 

Thank you for undeleting my user page, so I can use it. 

Best regards, 

Senad Dizdarević [[User:Senad Dizdarević|Senad Dizdarević]] ([[User talk:Senad Dizdarević|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Senad Dizdarević|contribs]]) 07:26, 2 April 2026 (UTC)

:Hi Senad,
:Welcome to Wikiversity.
:It looks like you tried adding similar content to Wikipedia and ran into similar difficulties over there ([[w:User talk:Senad Dizdarević]])? Perhaps that is what has led to you Wikiversity?
:Basically, if you'd like to collaborate and help build open educational resources, feel free to contribute to Wikiversity. But if the primary motivation is to promote your autobiographical work you're probably going to run into challenges.
:Sincerely,
:James
:-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 00:11, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
::James, Hi, and thank you for your answer. 
::Yes, in 2025, I created the autobiographic page on Wikipedia, which was removed because of the links to my books on Amazon. To admin, I explained that I did not know the rules, and agreed that page is removed. Now I know that somebody else must write a Wikipedia page for you. 
::On the deleted user page on Wikiversity, there were no links to Amazon or any other form of promotion, just neutral as possible basic presentation of my writing (one sentence) and current project (the rest of the page). 
::I created Wikiversity page to present my AIPA Method project, to invite researchers to read it, give their opinion, and conduct empirical researches in their institutions. Now, it is in a theoretical phase, and needs more empirical testing. 
::Best regards, 
::Senad [[User:Senad Dizdarević|Senad Dizdarević]] ([[User talk:Senad Dizdarević|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Senad Dizdarević|contribs]]) 07:03, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
:::It looks to me like the primary motivation for contributing to Wikiversity is to drive traffic / search engine ranking to your website?
:::* [[User:Senad Dizdarević]]
:::* [[AIPA Method]]
:::-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 01:36, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
::::No, it is not. There is no link to my website, so &quot;driving traffic to my website&quot; is not possible. 
::::For your educational purposes: 
::::Copilot &quot;AI:  [[User:Senad Dizdarević|Senad Dizdarević]] ([[User talk:Senad Dizdarević|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Senad Dizdarević|contribs]]) 07:38, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
:::::So do you still insist of undeleting your former version of your userpage if you have created the new one? [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 08:15, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
::::::No, because in the moment of undeletition, somebody could delete it again, and so on. Thank you for not deleting my new user page, as it is made in your user page image.  [[User:Senad Dizdarević|Senad Dizdarević]] ([[User talk:Senad Dizdarević|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Senad Dizdarević|contribs]]) 08:59, 6 April 2026 (UTC)

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== Undeletion request ==

It was deleted by an admin without discussion and with untrue rationale. If people take offense with the question that doesn't mean it's not a valid question and the page was good. Please undelete the Wikidebate page [https://web.archive.org/web/20250810030352/https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Is_it_likely_that_Earth_has_been_visited_by_aliens_millions_of_years_ago%3F Is it likely that Earth has been visited by aliens millions of years ago?]

There are lots of sources on the subject, the wikidebate is sourced very well compared to other wikidebates and wikiversity pages, and the page is educational, useful and of good quality. [[User:Prototyperspective|Prototyperspective]] ([[User talk:Prototyperspective|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Prototyperspective|contribs]]) 23:57, 10 April 2026 (UTC)

:Page: [[Is it likely that Earth has been visited by aliens millions of years ago?]]
:Ping: [[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 00:21, 11 April 2026 (UTC)
:There is no need for a discussion for straight garbage-level, pseudoscientific content.
:For '''Is it likely that Earth has been visited by aliens millions of years ago?''', the flaws for this page wouldn't even take someone more than a few minutes to assess:
:* Essentially, the &quot;pro&quot; arguments unproven claims being derived from irrelevant, established facts (basically: &quot;it is likely aliens have came because Earth has existed for so long [sources proving Earth's longevity]&quot;). These are not serious, scientifically-backed arguments - these are non sequiturs. It's as if I said Wikipedia has existed longer than my existence on Earth ([https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/74351725/eyJoIjogImZiODhmYzNkODU1N2UxMWExYzUyODJiYzgzZTRmZDM4OTBjODY5YWMzMjA3NDNmOWEyZTA0ZTU3ZGYwZjAyYTkiLCAidSI6ICJodHRwczovL3B1cmUuaHZhLm5sL3dz-libre.pdf?1636354596=&amp;response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3DCritical_Point_of_View_A_Wikipedia_Reade.pdf&amp;Expires=1775872055&amp;Signature=GqbUZboYRvUYWi~aW40LT5eZSHrLuDL3o0-DxAH8vSvcJcGAuyByZWLF2oHTY6GlB72TqvZxpE-v9d4gvsA6myriYqO~QQQZgWxjT2JXjUWC-yiPcTF4l~lroJSi4dY0v9eKiBcU03l-aeUdrX8~UPfi0TfW0IhsmzH-VBR6X6FrzRpIqc6uM6n9YXfr5FRB3aCqqokU690af3n0Hguaub1Zgmh9qjYYqzBS0VOOHjKTTEQnDuadX3jl5CQeXYTaeCC3H0hMeVwHlratbrnuFEKC1aN0-5znCUoSzMEg21ECzGPTrSDM1W05dcK-u0ZTCeUGKAuC-2yRFL3sY46MIw__&amp;Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA#page=157 reputable source proving ''this'' fact]), therefore it's likely that my birth took place solely for the sake of me experiencing Wikipedia (0 backing). It makes no sense and no person with at least a high school-level of intelligence would take this seriously. 
:* What is worse is that the user is being misleading with their &quot;[the page is] sourced very well&quot; claim. The sources ''themselves'' don't even back up the claims. It's just used as proof for an established concept, where the user then uses this established concept to jump to an unsupported, laughable conclusion that is pulled out of thin air. It's utterly ridiculous to even consider such a page for mainspace since it clearly violates our [[Wikiversity:Verifiability]] policy. This is, once again, pseudoscientific content that has caused our website to reduce in quality over the last few years. 
:* Going source by source, we can see that:
:#[https://web.archive.org/web/20250918011642/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/thebigd/compress-earths-history-into-24-hrs-humans-came-at-1158-pm-yet-killed-70-of-wildlife/ ‘Compress Earth’s history into 24 hrs. Humans came at 11:58 pm, yet killed 70% of wildlife’] is literally just a blog post which doesn't even mention aliens or extraterrestrial life. It just talks about Earth's history in accordance with the 24-hour metric of time, and the author tries to use this article as a 'piece in the puzzle' of aliens &quot;possibly&quot; visiting Earth... which, once again, is unsupported and is not backed up anywhere in the article.
:#[https://web.archive.org/web/20250808053249/https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2023/11/jurassic-worlds-might-be-easier-spot-modern-earth The Cornell article does not even remotely support the idea that &quot;aliens visited Earth&quot;]. It mentions a ''chance'' of &quot;life there [a habitable exoplanet] might not be limited to microbes, but could include creatures as large and varied as the megalosauruses or microraptors that once roamed Earth.&quot;, but again, no justification to take this article as proof that &quot;aliens may have visited us!&quot;. There's no mention of aliens visiting Earth anywhere in the article. Once again this is only proving the background premise, but not the unsupported, nonsensical &quot;alien likelihood&quot; argument that the author of this garbage page is trying to push so desperately.
:#The Parker Solar Probe WP article does not even mention aliens either. It follows the same issues as the previous argument.
:And the other page this user complained about [https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/User_talk:Atcovi#Deletion_of_educational_page_because_of_personal_opinion on my talk page] holds almost similar, maybe even more fatal mistakes, than this one. It has nothing to do with &quot;taking offense&quot;, this is just low-quality, garbage content. —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 00:56, 11 April 2026 (UTC)
::Why do you think pro claims are required to be proven? It's possible to object to them and these are arguments, not contextualized to be statements of proven facts. And it's not a strange or unreasonable argument to make that since Earth has existed for long, it's more likely that aliens have come here in the past than in recent times or the near future. Instead of insulting others' intelligence, maybe engage with the actual reasoning rather than censoring it away. And there are lots of sources, such as [https://interestingengineering.com/science/alien-civilizations-may-have-visited-earth-millions-of-years-ago-study-says Alien Civilizations May Have Visited Earth Millions of Years Ago, Study Says] etc etc. The sources are used for the arguments themselves individually. [[User:Prototyperspective|Prototyperspective]] ([[User talk:Prototyperspective|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Prototyperspective|contribs]]) 12:30, 11 April 2026 (UTC)
:::Because, once again, this is not a site that caters to rampant debating for the sake of &quot;we need to employ rationality and logic to solve the world's problems&quot;, we have policies that we need to fulfill. The claims made in the pro argument clearly do not meet [[Wikiversity:Verifiability]], since you cannot verify these arguments with the sources because they are not relevant. 
:::''&quot;And it's not a strange or unreasonable argument to make that since Earth has existed for long, it's more likely that aliens have come here in the past than in recent times or the near future.&quot;'' The point being is that these arguments are not supported by the sources. Even the article you mention poses the idea as a hypothetical model. This is just you twisting the article to fit your unsupported narrative. I'll bring direct quotes for you to show why the linked article does not help you:
:::* ''One problem the researchers do make sure to point out is that '''they are working with only one data point: our own behaviors and capabilities for space exploration'''. “We tried to come up with a model that would involve the fewest assumptions about sociology that we could,” Carroll-Nellenback told Business Insider. '''We have no real way of knowing the motivations of an alien civilization'''.'' --&gt; proves that this is just speculation and no evidence-based arguments have been provided for the idea that aliens likely visited Earth.
:::And I'm not sure if you read my entire response, but I ''did'' engage with your &quot;actual reasoning&quot; and exposed its weaknesses and lack of adherence to Wikiversity policies. If we allowed content that was just filled with non sequiturs we would have content that fails Wikiversity's educational objectives and reduces the overall quality of this website, hence why such a harsh stance needs to be taken. —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 13:50, 11 April 2026 (UTC)
::::Thanks for proving that the Wikimedia ecosystem is unfit to deliberate on controversial topics. The question is entirely valid and the content is far better sourced than nearly all Wikidebates and has no genuine flaws. The only possible issue with it as far as I can see is that now that Wikidebates has been paused people can't add objections if they do have sth specific to say about the topic that's not already included on that page which already had plenty of Cons and objections.
::::The page was more educational than most of Wikiversity and it was well-sourced – wikidebates was for arguments so people were invited to make arguments based on sourced things or outlined logic and the page met [[WV:V]] and most pages on Wikiversity aren't sourced as good. Doesn't look like people can see beyond their biases and personal views here but that's more evident in the marginalization and deletion of wikidebates and the low activity in that project than these selective deletions. A constructive thing to do would be to add reasoned Cons and objections not yet on the page and people had plenty of time to do that. There are and will be other sites for free constructive rational adversarial deliberation (not a big loss in that sense). [[User:Prototyperspective|Prototyperspective]] ([[User talk:Prototyperspective|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Prototyperspective|contribs]]) 16:31, 22 April 2026 (UTC)
:::::Thank you for failing to address any of my arguments and going on an unrelated, nonsensical tangent that has nothing to do with the discussion. Once you start producing work that aligns with Wikiversity's content policies instead of typing up laughable, pseudoscientific garbage, then maybe your work can be accepted and not removed. —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 16:59, 22 April 2026 (UTC)
::::::I suggest you stop ridiculing things and learn respectfully forming genuine points about the subject at hand. {{tq|the idea as a hypothetical model}} but please learn first about what arguments are and why they're not the same as a statement of objective proven fact. [[User:Prototyperspective|Prototyperspective]] ([[User talk:Prototyperspective|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Prototyperspective|contribs]]) 17:18, 22 April 2026 (UTC)

==Pages by Harold Foppele==
[[User:Harold Foppele]] is locally blocked indefinitely and globally banned for sockpuppetry. There were also WMF and local community concerns expressed about copyright violation and AI (over)use. As a result, I think the Wikiversity pages created by this account warrant review with regard what should be deleted, what should be retained etc.:
* [[Completing the square]]
* [[Number of independent spatial modes in a spherical volume]]
* [[Quantum]]
** [[Quantum/Andrew N. Jordan]]
* [[Quantum A Matter Of Size]]
* [[Quantum A Spooky Action at a Distance]]
* [[Quantum: A Walk Through the Universe]]
* [[Quantum Computing Algorithms in the NISQ Era]]
* [[Quantum Formulas Collection]]
* [[Quantum harmonic oscillator]]
* [[Quantum Matter Elements and Particles]]
* [[Quantum mechanics]]
** [[Quantum mechanics/Timeline]]
* [[Quantum mechanics learning module]]
* [[Quantum mechanics measurements]]
* [[Quantum Noisy Qubits]]
* [[Quantum optics beam splitter experiments]]
* [[Quantum: The Secret of Cohesion: How Waves Hold Matter Together]]
* [[Quantum Ultra fast lasers]]
* [[Speed of sound experiments]]
* [[User:Harold Foppele]]
-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 08:12, 17 May 2026 (UTC)

:'''Delete all''' Not worth keeping. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 08:27, 17 May 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>dbth58g11l45wyojlw77qtwynf3vkzv</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2810060</id>
      <parentid>2810055</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T09:41:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Move to /header</comment>
      <origin>2810060</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="57289" sha1="dn3m5as270r73ych13m96kob6xngzxi" xml:space="preserve">{{/header}}
== [[Korean/Words]] ==
(I go to RfD instead of ''proposed deletion'' since many pages are affected.)

I proposed to quasi-delete, i.e. '''move to userspace''' of the main (or sole?) creator, {{User|KYPark}}.

The page is organized a little bit like a dictionary. It makes it redundant to Wiktionary except that Wikiversity allows original research and there does seem to be original research there. Thus, its being organized as a dictionary would alone not necessarily be a problem.

Where I see a problem is in the organization and execution/implementation. Consider [[Korean/Words/가다]], which seems rather typical of the subpages (some subpages are like categories and transclude the pages for individual words):
* On the putative definition line, there is this: &quot;한곳에서 다른 곳으로 장소를 이동하다&quot;, apparently(?) in Korean. That does not seem to fit well into the ''English'' Wikiversity.
* There seems to be some original research into etymological relations between Korean and European languages in the &quot;Comparatives&quot; section (from what I recall, the English Wiktionary rejected this kind of content from KYPark). Admittedly, it is marked using &quot;This is a primary, secondary and/or original Eurasiatic research project at Wikiversity&quot;, so it could be tolerable, but even so, one has to wonder whether Wikiversity wants this kind of fringe science/research or outright pseudo-science.
** Fringe science: fringe physics has been moved to user space before. This would be fringe etymology. But then, original research is allowed.

Deletion is not required; moving to user space suffices, I think. Alternatively, one could at least rename the pages to make it clear from the title that this is not Wikiversity voice but rather KYPark voice, e.g. &quot;Korean/Words (KYPark)/...&quot; or  &quot;Korean/Words/KYPark/...&quot;  (recall the &quot;Fedosin&quot; pages featuring the name &quot;Fedosin&quot;).

Methodology: I see almost no methodological notes spanning the words at [[Korean/Words]]. And yet, if this is original research inventing new etymological connections, surely there should be some general considerations/analysis on how to proceed and how that manner of procedure differs from mainstream etymology?

Prefix index (max 200 items?):
{{collapse top}}
{{Small START}}
{{Special:Prefixindex/Korean/Words}}
{{Small END}}
{{Collapse bottom}}
--[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 09:33, 24 September 2025 (UTC)

:I would keep it. If there is a course of Korean, why not to have a resesearch on Korean vocabulary? [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 19:53, 16 October 2025 (UTC)
:: I propose to dismiss the above input: 1) it does not contain any argument, except for a question, and a question is not an argument (it can be so reinterpreted, but that includes additional burden on the interpreters, in interpreting it the wrong way); 2) it ignores all the issues I have raised, including that there is something like definition lines in Korean, in this ''English'' Wikiversity. To answer the question asked: there can be a research on Korean vocabulary in the mainspace, but not one showing the defects I identified above. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:35, 15 November 2025 (UTC)
:I've reviewed a sample of approximately 20 of the Korean/Words sub-pages and lean towards moving to user space because:
:* The pages appear to be an idiosynchratic collection of etymological pages about Korean language
:* There is minimal English instruction which is problematic for English Wikiversity
:* There is no explanation of research method
:* There is no educational rationale
:-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 00:31, 22 November 2025 (UTC)
:Well, since the original creator has indef I change my mind and I would '''delete''' it. The case is nobody knows how to continue with the research and if we move it to the userspace, the user cannot improve it eihter. What the original user can do to request admin, to send them a contentent to their email for example if they really want to improve the resource elsewhere. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 08:38, 11 March 2026 (UTC)

I think the consensus here is delete. {{U|Codename Noreste}} do you know an efficient way to mass delete these pages? -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:49, 17 May 2026 (UTC)
: I would use a script, but I would probably not delete those pages yet until we have the pseudobot user group. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:53, 17 May 2026 (UTC)

== [[Enhancing Web Browser Security through Cookie Encryption]] ==
{{archive top|'''Kept'''. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:28, 17 May 2026 (UTC)}}
To avoid further conflict with the user who entered this text into Wikiversity, I am opening a RFD request.

I am not sure about how to proceed, although I am inclined to move it out of mainspace = quasi-delete. I am looking forward to get input from others, especially curators and custodians. Some considerations:

1) There is perhaps no more appearance/suspicion of copyright violation, now that the ResearchGate (RG) article (of which this is a copy, perhaps an incomplete copy?) carries a license.

2) The article is not a complete replica from RG: at a minimum, it lacks images. The inserter could have continued editing the page in his user space before he uploads images, that is, before he finalizes the page for consumption, but that did not happen. I did not check whether the text is an exact one-to-one match; the article does not indicate anything in that regard.

3) The principle implied seems to be this: users should feel free to duplicate non-peer-reviewed articles from RG in English Wikiversity, perhaps to increase the Google search and LLM yield. I find this problematic, in part for the duplication. I would say: choose a venue and publish it there. If RG is not good enough for you as a publishing venue, choose Wikiversity instead, but not both?

4) There are some features that appear unduly promotional. There is a link to a dot com home page of the inserter of the article. I dot not know how we handle or should handle this, whether prohibit such a link, etc. This is perhaps not so much a call to quasi-deletion but a call to make it less promotional.

5) I cannot determine the value of such an article. It seems to be a pseudo-article describing someone's browser extension. Can someone do a better analysis?

--[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:48, 8 October 2025 (UTC)

:2) Images for Wikicommons are being created, it will take a lot of time. and the text is not an exact one-to-one match
:3) I also mentioned that It was being created so that it is more accessible from mobile phone, which is not possible in RG or in Zenodo
:Let me clarify the purpose of uploading it to different platforms
:Zenodo - registration and to link DOI
:RG - Self Archiving 
:Wikiversity - Accessible by anyone from any device. LLMs may get trained on Wikiversity data or use these data for indexing 
:5) The paper is a result of a research project which involved a browser extension which was built to test the theory.  [[User:Tomlovesfar|Tomlovesfar]] ([[User talk:Tomlovesfar|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tomlovesfar|contribs]]) 01:34, 9 October 2025 (UTC)
:: I find the practice here of publishing non-identical but similar text (&quot;the text is not an exact one-to-one match&quot;) with almost the same title to be problematic. I cannot imagine this is a recommended practice in academic publishing. At a minimum, somewhere near the top, the page should say something like the following: &quot;This text is based on article ___ published at ___ but is not identical. The author of the differences/changes is ___.&quot; Everything else leads to an undesirable confusion. In academic publishing, the title of an article serves as key part of identification of the artifact.
:: As I said before, I seen nothing particularly academic article-like about the page except for external/superficial signs. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:30, 9 October 2025 (UTC)
:::That Article has been published under CC BY SA 4.0
:::And I am one of the author of the article. That gives me right to modify text and publish it under a similar name. However, I will add the disclaimer text that you have suggested. I hope that helps.  [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2025-27520-79|&amp;#126;2025-27520-79]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2025-27520-79|talk]]) 06:07, 9 October 2025 (UTC)
:::: It may give you that right from the ''copyright'' perspective, but perhaps not from ''academic publishing integrity'' perspective. Unfortunately, I do not have any guideline handy; I am merely following my common (or not so common) sense. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:32, 9 October 2025 (UTC)
:: I would like to ask: was this article guided by someone from an academic institution, such as a university? Is it reviewed at least in some weak sense? --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:39, 9 October 2025 (UTC)
:::Yes, This article has been reviewed by two academic professors, their names are also listed as co authors.
:::First, a project guide would help us with selecting a topic and with the document 
:::Second, an Internal examiner would go through our experiment and approve it
:::Finally, External Examiner would examine the documentation and verify it. 
:::We were required by these professors to put their name under contributions [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2025-27520-79|&amp;#126;2025-27520-79]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2025-27520-79|talk]]) 05:48, 9 October 2025 (UTC)
:: Let me explicate the promotional potential of such a page a bit: one can go to the page of the article in Wikiversity --&gt; https://tomjoejames.com/ --&gt; HitMyTarget (a commercial, profit-making entity?) Why would the link be to a commercial web site rather than an academic page, or perhaps a LinkedIn account, which I think the person has? There could also be no link at all; a search for the name would turn out something in Google as well. But providing a direct link would drive users/viewers toward that website much stronger since otherwise the viewer of the page would have to open a new Google search window or the like. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:45, 9 October 2025 (UTC)
:::It is evident that the website is not even close to being complete. 
:::I will be creating a separate page under the same domain name specifically for people to contact me.
:::The url would probably be defined as tomjoejames.com/contact-me/
:::I haven't decided yet. But that is my personal website.
:::If the community requires me to remove it, I will. But personally I think people who are from here most likely to click the link to know more about me or to contact me. Either way I think my personal website serves the purpose. 
:::As for the HitMyTarget, it can be traced from any of my links. From my research gate profile, linkedin page or even my own userpage.
:::On the article I did not add any promotional content about myself, I hyperlinked only my own name. I do not know how that is promotional. [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2025-27520-79|&amp;#126;2025-27520-79]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2025-27520-79|talk]]) 06:04, 9 October 2025 (UTC)
:::: I am pausing any further responses from me to see whether anyone else has any input. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:30, 9 October 2025 (UTC)
:What does it mean &quot;There is perhaps no more appearance/suspicion of copyright violation&quot;? [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 19:57, 16 October 2025 (UTC)
:I have accepted VRT permission per [[ticket:2025100410001149]] FYI. [[User:Matrix|Matrix]] ([[User talk:Matrix|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Matrix|contribs]]) 11:00, 28 October 2025 (UTC)
::Thank you Matrix [[User:Tomlovesfar|Tomlovesfar]] ([[User talk:Tomlovesfar|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tomlovesfar|contribs]]) 12:43, 28 October 2025 (UTC)
:I would '''delete''' it. 1) it states its a learning resource. It could not be a learning resource as not rewieved original research. 2) It is not an ongoing research, nor the research was performed on Wikiversity - wv is not a preprint or article database. Maybe it could be moved elsewhere withn Wikimedia domain, but I dont know where. So I would delete it. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 21:56, 20 November 2025 (UTC)
::I would '''keep it.''' Like Dan had pointed out,  we do have article-like pages in Wikiversity, and this is not just a random pseudo science article but an article that is a report of an final year project, it has been reviewed by 3 professors whose name has been mentioned at the very beginning.   [[User:Tomlovesfar|Tomlovesfar]] ([[User talk:Tomlovesfar|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tomlovesfar|contribs]]) 14:50, 21 November 2025 (UTC)
:::I think it is not good to rate pages by appearance. It can be done on other Wikimedia projects, but it cannot be done on Wikiversity, because Wikiversity does not create a static format for presenting information, but is focused on the goal and process. Unfortunately, the goal and process do not have a uniform format. While a target article on Wikipedia or an entry on Wiktionary have some standard target format, Wikiversity does not. That is why I personally rate pages according to the goals and their assessment. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 10:05, 22 November 2025 (UTC)

Further reading for this nomination: [[S: Wikisource:Proposed_deletions/Archives/2025#Index:Cookie_Encryption.pdf]]; EncycloPetey handled the matter. Let me quote his wisdom on Zenodo (which I lack): &quot;This is tied to a PDF on Commons that was uploaded as &quot;own work&quot; with a CC license and a doi link to Zenodo, with no indication of where this paper was published or if it was published. Zenodo is not a publisher; it is a site for storing research and sharing papers. If Zenodo is the only place this was &quot;published&quot; then it was effectively self-published. --EncycloPetey (talk) 16:14, 15 September 2025 (UTC)&quot;

--[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 08:55, 9 October 2025 (UTC)

:Can you clarify what point are you trying to state? Didn't I already state that the article is published by me? 
:I first created the article in wikisource which I thought would be the perfect place, unfortunately they do not allow self published articles that are not notable. Then I discovered Wikiversity where they allow self published articles. That is why I created the article here. 
:Unlike in wikisource, I did follow guidelines.
:Ever since you deleted the first article, I spent time reading Wikiversity guidelines and I do think that I am following it perfectly.
:I would like to get your suggestions on how should I improve the page,  10 points would be sufficient. 
:Because your goals or intentions are confusing me very much. At first you told me that the article is exactly the same as the preprint in RG and therefore there is no use to it here. And then when I continued to optimize it for Wikiversity, you went ahead and said it is problematic according to recommended academic publishing. 
:Atleast just respond to the points that I have made whether you agree or disagree. So that I clarify and proceed to discuss points that are important and relevant 
:Have you published an research article? If yes, could you send it to me so that I can see the format you have done it [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2025-27520-79|&amp;#126;2025-27520-79]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2025-27520-79|talk]]) 10:45, 9 October 2025 (UTC)
:: I am giving a chance/time to other curators/custodians to look at the matter and respond to my inputs. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 11:14, 9 October 2025 (UTC)
:: Incidentally, above I counted 4 questions (or more), 1 request (or more?) and 1 command (or more?). That is a behavior of a commanding entity. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 11:24, 9 October 2025 (UTC)

I would '''delete it''''. It's more like an academic communication than a learning resource or research.--[[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 07:32, 26 October 2025 (UTC)
:: In the above post, I do not see any valid rationale for deletion: we do have article-like pages, in Wikijournals and also e.g. in [[Physics/Essays/Fedosin/Stellar Stefan–Boltzmann constant]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 08:59, 3 November 2025 (UTC)
:::But I do, see above. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 21:56, 20 November 2025 (UTC)

:it is a '''student research paper''' forming part of a learning resource on web security and encryption.
:The project was conducted as part of a final-year university course and documented as a practical study on cookie encryption and it has been reviewed by three professors. However, I will be creating a sub page for the article to elaborately describe the experiment that we have conducted and the results we got.    [[User:Tomlovesfar|Tomlovesfar]] ([[User talk:Tomlovesfar|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tomlovesfar|contribs]]) 15:57, 26 October 2025 (UTC)
::And why should w host research papers? Wikiversity is not an academic Journal nor repository. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 10:06, 22 November 2025 (UTC)
:::I do not wish to go through this same argument once again, I've already answered to this question several times in Dan's talk page, Colloquium. you can refer them. I am not hosting the research paper here, I have already hosted the pdf in the ResearchGate, I have published a text version in the wikiversity so that it may be useful for others. Unless you can show me how that article is totally useless, I would like to '''keep''' the article in the wikiversity.    [[User:Tomlovesfar|Tomlovesfar]] ([[User talk:Tomlovesfar|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tomlovesfar|contribs]]) 10:13, 22 November 2025 (UTC)
::::And thats the point I am having. Wikiversity is not paper repository. The only way is to publish it via WikiJournal, but they want it for Wikipedia usually. Why wikiversity should be a duplication of ResearchGate, Academia or Zenodo?
::::What I can read on [[Wikiversity:What is Wikiversity?]] policy is, that Wikiversity research &quot;...includes interpreting primary sources, forming ideas, or taking observations.&quot; The article doent look to fall into this. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 10:43, 22 November 2025 (UTC)
:::::Well, then how come you missed the term &quot;Learning Projects&quot;? As Jtneill had pointed out, this is a legitimate learning project. And also, I do have the VRT permission to host this article on Wikiversity.  [[ticket:2025100410001149]] . besides ResearchGate is an self-archiving platform. the document version in it is not accessibly to screen readers (usually disable people use them), Translators, and also for the mobile readers. therefore I do have valid reasons to publish this article on wikiversity. 
:::::# It is a learning project, therefore according to WIkiversity Policy, It qualifies. 
:::::# I have an explicit VRT permission to host this article on Wikiversity
:::::# Versions that are published in RG, Zenodo are documents, and they are not accessible by screen readers or mobile users. Therefore it is imperative that an article version of this paper exist on here. 
:::::Therefore this article qualifies to stay here on Wikiversity.  [[User:Tomlovesfar|Tomlovesfar]] ([[User talk:Tomlovesfar|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tomlovesfar|contribs]]) 11:22, 22 November 2025 (UTC)

'''Keep'''. This is a legitimate student learning project that may be of use to others. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 02:51, 22 November 2025 (UTC)
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== [[Pragmatics/History]] ==
{{archive top|Deleted. Other related resources have been deleted. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:24, 17 May 2026 (UTC)}}
Another KYPark page and subpages with unclear organization scheme. Contains fairly many redlinked items. See also [[User:KYPark/Literature]], perhaps a similar concept. Unlikely to be really useful for others but KYPark. '''Move to user space'''.

As an alternative, moving to [[History of Pragmatics (KYPark)]] would make sense to me: the topic is identified using a natural-language phrase (instead of the relatively unnatural slash) and the responsible editor is indicated so that the reader knows whether to look or not. And for those who oppose the brackets (which I like): [[History of Pragmatics/KYPark]]. Or also: [[KYPark/History of Pragmatics]]. But then, searches in mainspace will see that content and the question is whether that is good. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:21, 15 October 2025 (UTC)

:What about to propose the user to write some guidelines, how other can participate instead of deleting it? [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 20:03, 16 October 2025 (UTC)
:: I plan to move the pages to userspace as I proposed. If someone wants to ask KYPark to address the problems, they should feel free. There will be plenty of time for KYPark to address the problems while the material is in user space. After the problems are addressed, the material can be moved back to mainspace. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:38, 15 November 2025 (UTC)
:So I would '''delete''' it. In the blocked user space its useless. The user cannot improve it and Wikiversity is not free hosting service for personal pages. My believe is, that there should be just a few working pages in the users spaces. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 08:30, 11 March 2026 (UTC)

'''Move'''. Insufficient statement of learning objective or connection to related learning resources with insufficient current activity to stay in main space. The page was originally [[History of pragmatics]] but was moved by Dave B. Therefore, I suggest moving to [[User:KYPark/History of pragmatics]]. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 02:57, 22 November 2025 (UTC)
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== [[IMHA Research Archives]] ==
I propose to '''move to userspace''', including the subpages. I struggle to understand how Wikiversity readers are supposed to benefit from the material here and in the subpages. In the log, there is e.g. '10 February 2019 Marshallsumter discuss contribs deleted page IMHA Research Archives (content was: &quot;{&lt;nowiki/&gt;{Delete|Author request}} Thanks! -&quot;)', so the page was deleted before, but not the subpages.

We could also delete all the material if we have strong enough suspicion too much of it is copyright violation. In any case, moving to user space improves the matter a little by moving the content away from Google search. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 13:38, 9 November 2025 (UTC)

:Looking at some sub-pages, they can be deleted e.g., because they only consist of broken links or are largely empty. I deleted a couple but haven't been through all to check. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 00:27, 10 November 2025 (UTC)

As an example, let me give the wikitext content of [[IMHA Research Archives/3. Scientific litterature search, storage and use]]:
&lt;pre&gt;
==[[/Medicina Maritima - the Spanish scientific maritime health journal/]]==

==[[/PubMed/]]==

==[[/Google and Google Scholar/]]==

==[[/Zotero/]]==

==[https://www.dropbox.com/sh/d91z7bcyelfvk42/AAAkIvjtBnnFMbiU9ZLOdVL9a/Andrioti_database%20sources0310.pptx?dl=0 Maritime health web portal ressources ]==
&lt;/pre&gt;
The wikilinks are red; the external link to dropbox says &quot;You don't have access&quot;. This was made in 2016. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 09:04, 11 November 2025 (UTC)

:I suggest delete -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 03:27, 12 November 2025 (UTC)
:: I think we should avoid deletion as much as possible, instead moving to user space (bar copyvio, ethics violation, etc.). This is a good general principle. It greatly improves auditability and makes it so much easier for anyone to request undeletion since they know what content they are requesting for undeletion. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 09:52, 12 November 2025 (UTC)
:::Do not recreate Wikiversity from the educational and research project to the personal blog. That will lead to the cancelation of it by WMF. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 21:44, 20 November 2025 (UTC)
:::: The English Wikiversity has a long tradition of moving problematic content to user space, as per evidence collected at [[User:Dan_Polansky/About Wikiversity#Moving pages to userspace]]. If Wikimedia Foundation finds this problematic, they can start a discussion in Colloquium and state their concerns. They do not need to make explicit threats at first; they can start a discussion and explain why it is problematic. They can even do it from an anonymous IP and provide a well-articulated reasoning. And anyone else can start a discussion in Colloquium to change this tradition. I do not see why we should not want to change that tradition based on well-articulated, compelling reasoning. I see no reason why Juandev should be making threats instead of them, on a per RFD basis. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:58, 21 November 2025 (UTC)
:::: If Juandev is ''sincere'' about deleting very-low-value items ''from user space'', he should perhaps demonstrate that by asking his pages like [[:cs:Uživatel:Juandev/Problémy/Kov/Repase dvířek elektroskříně]] to be deleted; otherwise, I register a ''glaring inconsistence''. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 07:43, 21 November 2025 (UTC)
::What was the original delate page about @[[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]]? I guess that would be crucial for the decission. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 21:48, 20 November 2025 (UTC)
:::@[[User:Juandev|Juandev]] the couple of pages I checked and deleted were much like @[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] posted above i.e., headings with empty sections and/or broken links but no substantive content. But I think each sub-page needs checking. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 21:59, 20 November 2025 (UTC)
::::So I'm saying that the main page usually determines what the other pages are for. But if I don't know the page because it's been deleted, or why was deleted (deletion based on the founder's request is probably not the rule), it's hard to judge. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 22:16, 20 November 2025 (UTC)
:::::I've pasted the original content of the root page: [[IMHA Research Archives#Original page]] (i.e., prior to the content being removed and deletion requested) to help understand the context for the sub-pages. In 2018, Saltrabook blanked the page, indicating that the content had been moved elsewhere, and requested page deletion. Marshallsumter then deleted the main page but not the sub-pages. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 01:58, 21 November 2025 (UTC)
::::::I see, so if those subpages are usefull I would keept them, if not I would delete them. I dont see a point of providing free hosting to sombody, by moving many pages to their user space. The question is if we want to host (i.e. to have in the main ns) lists of links elsewhere. I have no opinion on that. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 10:11, 22 November 2025 (UTC)

: Let me clarify that while many of the subpages are like the example above, [[IMHA Research Archives/Scientific litterature search, storage and use/Zotero]] is different:
:: &quot;A continuous critical and evidence based learning is a core issue in clinical practice, research, teaching, publication and prevention activities. The Zotero Program is just one of many scientific literature management programs, that should be used for these purposes. Of course one can live without such a database but it helps a lot and can save a lot of time that could be used for more interesting issues. Not only that, but it helps to create better publications and knowledge. Without this program it can be very time consuming to publish a scientific article with the requested style for the references. Further in daily practice when you want to collect and cite a few references for a specific evidence in a clinical colloquium and discussion, this program is excellent. Therefore we strongly recommend that all maritime health persons learn how to use this excellent tool in their daily maritime health practice of all different types. There are good online courses for self-instruction on how to use Zotero. For example this one: Zotero fast online course But in order to increase IMHAR´s collective scientific strength in the use of EBM we would like to give training sessions in every possible opportunity, IMHA Symposia, seminars and other types of meetings. The database is useful for personal purposes but especially also for collaborative aims. At the IMHAR meeting in Paris Oct 7th 2016 we will give an introduction to the program by showing how it can be used in the daily practice and discuss strength and weaknesses compared to other similar databases.&quot;
: Even longer is e.g. [[IMHA Research Archives/Scientific litterature search, storage and use/Medicina Maritima - the Spanish scientific maritime health journal]].
: However, that does not mean these should be salvaged. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 07:53, 21 November 2025 (UTC)
:{{ping|Saltrabook}} I'm wondering if you can respond here to help us decide about whether to delete the IMHA Research Archives sub-pages or perhaps move them to your user space? -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:58, 17 May 2026 (UTC)

== [[Palliative medicine]] ==
{{archive top|'''Kept'''. Page has been improved. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:38, 17 May 2026 (UTC)}}

Underdeveloped and has not been improved on since 2007. Author inactive. —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 21:42, 14 December 2025 (UTC)

:Delete, per nominator [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 11:16, 22 January 2026 (UTC)
:Yes, I would also expect there to be more and especially that someone would write how to use it. However, it still seems to me to be a useful thing in the sense of a syllabus, so that someone who is interested in the topic knows what information to obtain in order to get a complete picture of the topic. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 07:55, 16 March 2026 (UTC)
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== [[Canadian Wilderness]] ==
{{archive top|Deleted per nom. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:07, 17 May 2026 (UTC)}}
This page doesn't seem to belong to wikiversity. [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 09:55, 6 February 2026 (UTC)

:In principle there could be some material useful here but in practice, I don't see what this page is adding as an educational resource. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 12:54, 6 February 2026 (UTC)
:I can see this being a useful resource to a bigger project. Maybe we could move it to the &quot;[[Wikiversity:Drafts|Draft]]&quot; namespace vs. deleting it? —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 13:28, 6 February 2026 (UTC)
::Does anyone plan to work on it? [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 01:59, 8 February 2026 (UTC)
:::Next week the page has it's 17th birthday. Ever now and than someone added to it. With a lot of work it could be a nice encyclopedic article but making it educational .... Merging it may take more work than rewriting it. Move to Draft might be the best option. [[User:Harold Foppele|Harold Foppele]] ([[User talk:Harold Foppele|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Harold Foppele|contribs]]) 08:58, 12 February 2026 (UTC)
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== [[LQR Control for an Inverted Pendulum]] ==
{{archive top|'''Deleted''' per nom. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:36, 17 May 2026 (UTC)}}
Underdeveloped resource, has not been edited for more than a decade. [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 08:03, 16 March 2026 (UTC)

:Looks like a test, '''delete'''. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 17:30, 27 March 2026 (UTC)
{{archive bottom}}

== False flag &quot;authority hack&quot; user page deletion ==
{{archive top|'''Not undeleted''', the requester dropped the request. See Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion v. 2803217.--[[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 08:36, 10 May 2026 (UTC)}}
'''Undeletion requested'''

Hi, Juandev marked my user page as &quot;spam&quot; and &quot;authority hack&quot;, and deleted it. 

First, I asked him for help with &quot;time limit for new users&quot;, and he replied - I should admit I dont know, what is &quot;new user limit&quot;, but if filter blocks your page because of certain external link, you may force to save anyway and sometimes it works. It should not work, when the website is blacklisted. As of now, I am not seeing you to save page in main namespace, so try to save it without external links first. 

Then he wrote me another message: Well, I have analyzed your contribution to Wikiversity and I should point out here, that this project is not a place for advertising, so there is no way of promoting your books and authority this way. - probably referring to the intro of my About me page where I present me and my work. 

Before I could explain him the difference between the neutral information and advertising and promotion, he deleted my user page. 

Here is my answer I posted to the discussion today: 

: Hi, my About Me page is just an info page with the neutral as possible presentation of my work.
:
: There is a big difference between informing and advertising. Informing is neutrally stating that something exists and requiring no action, while advertising is a special communication form with intent to cause certain action from readers. For example, click here, click there, order this, buy that.
:
: There is no such intention, form, or terms on my info page. Just neutral information. I don't hide and I am not ashamed that I am write and author, and that is a part of the usual bio, including works. I checked your user page: &quot;I graduated from the Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague and studied information science at the Faculty of Arts of Charles University.&quot; I think that if you had written a book on Life Science, you would have mentioned that as well.
:
: Most of the Info page is about my research and AIPA Method which is a valid contribution to psychology, consciousness studies, identity theory, and personality development. Actually, my paper '''AIPA Method: A Cognitive-Phenomenological Model for Identity Reconstruction and Stabilization in Pure Awareness''' is now in the peer review procedure at Journal of Consciousness Studies.
:
: Here is a part from the Wikiversity AIPA Method page in creation (waiting for the end of the time limit for new users):

: == Introduction ==
: The AIPA Method addresses a gap in contemporary personal development and consciousness science: most evidence‑based approaches (CBT, MBSR, MBCT, standard meditation) operate at the level of mental content—reframing thoughts, observing them, or reducing their impact—rather than at the level of identity structure. In contrast, AIPA targets the structural relationship between the self and the mind, aiming at durable identity reconstruction rooted in Pure Awareness rather than symptom management.
:
: The central research question of the primary AIPA preprint is whether a structured, sequentially staged method can produce permanent identity reconstruction rooted in Pure Awareness, and how such a method compares to established approaches in scope, mechanism, and outcome.
:
: == Theoretical foundations ==
: The AIPA framework is grounded in the cognitive‑phenomenological tradition (e.g., McAdams, Varela, Metzinger, Erikson), contemporary consciousness science on minimal phenomenal experience, and qualitative methods advocacy in psychology. It builds directly on:
:* Empirical work on pure awareness and Minimal Phenomenal Experience (MPE), especially Gamma &amp; Metzinger’s large‑scale study of content‑reduced awareness states.
:* Metzinger’s proposal of minimal phenomenal experience as an entry point for a minimal unifying model of consciousness.
:* Narrative identity and partial‑self models within personality and identity theory.
: Within this backdrop, AIPA proposes Pure Awareness as a distinct, operationally specified state that can become a structural ground of identity rather than a transient meditative experience.
:
: == Experiential empiricism ==
: The empirical foundation of the AIPA Method is explicitly first‑person and experiential, combining:
:* A 22‑year longitudinal autoethnographic self‑study (2003–2025) documenting partial personality episodes, protocol use, and outcomes.
:* A 13‑year prospective verification period with zero self‑reported recurrence of targeted harmful behaviors after a dated stabilization point (1 January 2006).
:* A high‑ecological‑validity “stress test” during acute bereavement, used to examine whether non‑reactive awareness remains stable under maximal provocation.
:* Two independent practitioner cases (an Amazon‑verified report and a structured questionnaire case) providing preliminary convergent signals across cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and identity dimensions.
:
: All central constructs (Pure Awareness, partial personalities, the Switch, identity stabilization) are operationalized with explicit phenomenological and behavioral criteria intended to enable replication and future third‑person measurement.
:
: I believe this is a valid contribution to Wikiversity.
:
: Best regards, Senad [[User:Senad Dizdarević|Senad Dizdarević]]


I suggest you check the deleted user page, and see for yourself if it is &quot;spam&quot; and &quot;authority hack&quot;, or a legit author's page with one paragraph short presentation, while the rest of the page is about my research project. 

Thank you for undeleting my user page, so I can use it. 

Best regards, 

Senad Dizdarević [[User:Senad Dizdarević|Senad Dizdarević]] ([[User talk:Senad Dizdarević|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Senad Dizdarević|contribs]]) 07:26, 2 April 2026 (UTC)

:Hi Senad,
:Welcome to Wikiversity.
:It looks like you tried adding similar content to Wikipedia and ran into similar difficulties over there ([[w:User talk:Senad Dizdarević]])? Perhaps that is what has led to you Wikiversity?
:Basically, if you'd like to collaborate and help build open educational resources, feel free to contribute to Wikiversity. But if the primary motivation is to promote your autobiographical work you're probably going to run into challenges.
:Sincerely,
:James
:-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 00:11, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
::James, Hi, and thank you for your answer. 
::Yes, in 2025, I created the autobiographic page on Wikipedia, which was removed because of the links to my books on Amazon. To admin, I explained that I did not know the rules, and agreed that page is removed. Now I know that somebody else must write a Wikipedia page for you. 
::On the deleted user page on Wikiversity, there were no links to Amazon or any other form of promotion, just neutral as possible basic presentation of my writing (one sentence) and current project (the rest of the page). 
::I created Wikiversity page to present my AIPA Method project, to invite researchers to read it, give their opinion, and conduct empirical researches in their institutions. Now, it is in a theoretical phase, and needs more empirical testing. 
::Best regards, 
::Senad [[User:Senad Dizdarević|Senad Dizdarević]] ([[User talk:Senad Dizdarević|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Senad Dizdarević|contribs]]) 07:03, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
:::It looks to me like the primary motivation for contributing to Wikiversity is to drive traffic / search engine ranking to your website?
:::* [[User:Senad Dizdarević]]
:::* [[AIPA Method]]
:::-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 01:36, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
::::No, it is not. There is no link to my website, so &quot;driving traffic to my website&quot; is not possible. 
::::For your educational purposes: 
::::Copilot &quot;AI:  [[User:Senad Dizdarević|Senad Dizdarević]] ([[User talk:Senad Dizdarević|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Senad Dizdarević|contribs]]) 07:38, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
:::::So do you still insist of undeleting your former version of your userpage if you have created the new one? [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 08:15, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
::::::No, because in the moment of undeletition, somebody could delete it again, and so on. Thank you for not deleting my new user page, as it is made in your user page image.  [[User:Senad Dizdarević|Senad Dizdarević]] ([[User talk:Senad Dizdarević|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Senad Dizdarević|contribs]]) 08:59, 6 April 2026 (UTC)

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== Undeletion request ==

It was deleted by an admin without discussion and with untrue rationale. If people take offense with the question that doesn't mean it's not a valid question and the page was good. Please undelete the Wikidebate page [https://web.archive.org/web/20250810030352/https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Is_it_likely_that_Earth_has_been_visited_by_aliens_millions_of_years_ago%3F Is it likely that Earth has been visited by aliens millions of years ago?]

There are lots of sources on the subject, the wikidebate is sourced very well compared to other wikidebates and wikiversity pages, and the page is educational, useful and of good quality. [[User:Prototyperspective|Prototyperspective]] ([[User talk:Prototyperspective|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Prototyperspective|contribs]]) 23:57, 10 April 2026 (UTC)

:Page: [[Is it likely that Earth has been visited by aliens millions of years ago?]]
:Ping: [[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 00:21, 11 April 2026 (UTC)
:There is no need for a discussion for straight garbage-level, pseudoscientific content.
:For '''Is it likely that Earth has been visited by aliens millions of years ago?''', the flaws for this page wouldn't even take someone more than a few minutes to assess:
:* Essentially, the &quot;pro&quot; arguments unproven claims being derived from irrelevant, established facts (basically: &quot;it is likely aliens have came because Earth has existed for so long [sources proving Earth's longevity]&quot;). These are not serious, scientifically-backed arguments - these are non sequiturs. It's as if I said Wikipedia has existed longer than my existence on Earth ([https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/74351725/eyJoIjogImZiODhmYzNkODU1N2UxMWExYzUyODJiYzgzZTRmZDM4OTBjODY5YWMzMjA3NDNmOWEyZTA0ZTU3ZGYwZjAyYTkiLCAidSI6ICJodHRwczovL3B1cmUuaHZhLm5sL3dz-libre.pdf?1636354596=&amp;response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3DCritical_Point_of_View_A_Wikipedia_Reade.pdf&amp;Expires=1775872055&amp;Signature=GqbUZboYRvUYWi~aW40LT5eZSHrLuDL3o0-DxAH8vSvcJcGAuyByZWLF2oHTY6GlB72TqvZxpE-v9d4gvsA6myriYqO~QQQZgWxjT2JXjUWC-yiPcTF4l~lroJSi4dY0v9eKiBcU03l-aeUdrX8~UPfi0TfW0IhsmzH-VBR6X6FrzRpIqc6uM6n9YXfr5FRB3aCqqokU690af3n0Hguaub1Zgmh9qjYYqzBS0VOOHjKTTEQnDuadX3jl5CQeXYTaeCC3H0hMeVwHlratbrnuFEKC1aN0-5znCUoSzMEg21ECzGPTrSDM1W05dcK-u0ZTCeUGKAuC-2yRFL3sY46MIw__&amp;Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA#page=157 reputable source proving ''this'' fact]), therefore it's likely that my birth took place solely for the sake of me experiencing Wikipedia (0 backing). It makes no sense and no person with at least a high school-level of intelligence would take this seriously. 
:* What is worse is that the user is being misleading with their &quot;[the page is] sourced very well&quot; claim. The sources ''themselves'' don't even back up the claims. It's just used as proof for an established concept, where the user then uses this established concept to jump to an unsupported, laughable conclusion that is pulled out of thin air. It's utterly ridiculous to even consider such a page for mainspace since it clearly violates our [[Wikiversity:Verifiability]] policy. This is, once again, pseudoscientific content that has caused our website to reduce in quality over the last few years. 
:* Going source by source, we can see that:
:#[https://web.archive.org/web/20250918011642/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/thebigd/compress-earths-history-into-24-hrs-humans-came-at-1158-pm-yet-killed-70-of-wildlife/ ‘Compress Earth’s history into 24 hrs. Humans came at 11:58 pm, yet killed 70% of wildlife’] is literally just a blog post which doesn't even mention aliens or extraterrestrial life. It just talks about Earth's history in accordance with the 24-hour metric of time, and the author tries to use this article as a 'piece in the puzzle' of aliens &quot;possibly&quot; visiting Earth... which, once again, is unsupported and is not backed up anywhere in the article.
:#[https://web.archive.org/web/20250808053249/https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2023/11/jurassic-worlds-might-be-easier-spot-modern-earth The Cornell article does not even remotely support the idea that &quot;aliens visited Earth&quot;]. It mentions a ''chance'' of &quot;life there [a habitable exoplanet] might not be limited to microbes, but could include creatures as large and varied as the megalosauruses or microraptors that once roamed Earth.&quot;, but again, no justification to take this article as proof that &quot;aliens may have visited us!&quot;. There's no mention of aliens visiting Earth anywhere in the article. Once again this is only proving the background premise, but not the unsupported, nonsensical &quot;alien likelihood&quot; argument that the author of this garbage page is trying to push so desperately.
:#The Parker Solar Probe WP article does not even mention aliens either. It follows the same issues as the previous argument.
:And the other page this user complained about [https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/User_talk:Atcovi#Deletion_of_educational_page_because_of_personal_opinion on my talk page] holds almost similar, maybe even more fatal mistakes, than this one. It has nothing to do with &quot;taking offense&quot;, this is just low-quality, garbage content. —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 00:56, 11 April 2026 (UTC)
::Why do you think pro claims are required to be proven? It's possible to object to them and these are arguments, not contextualized to be statements of proven facts. And it's not a strange or unreasonable argument to make that since Earth has existed for long, it's more likely that aliens have come here in the past than in recent times or the near future. Instead of insulting others' intelligence, maybe engage with the actual reasoning rather than censoring it away. And there are lots of sources, such as [https://interestingengineering.com/science/alien-civilizations-may-have-visited-earth-millions-of-years-ago-study-says Alien Civilizations May Have Visited Earth Millions of Years Ago, Study Says] etc etc. The sources are used for the arguments themselves individually. [[User:Prototyperspective|Prototyperspective]] ([[User talk:Prototyperspective|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Prototyperspective|contribs]]) 12:30, 11 April 2026 (UTC)
:::Because, once again, this is not a site that caters to rampant debating for the sake of &quot;we need to employ rationality and logic to solve the world's problems&quot;, we have policies that we need to fulfill. The claims made in the pro argument clearly do not meet [[Wikiversity:Verifiability]], since you cannot verify these arguments with the sources because they are not relevant. 
:::''&quot;And it's not a strange or unreasonable argument to make that since Earth has existed for long, it's more likely that aliens have come here in the past than in recent times or the near future.&quot;'' The point being is that these arguments are not supported by the sources. Even the article you mention poses the idea as a hypothetical model. This is just you twisting the article to fit your unsupported narrative. I'll bring direct quotes for you to show why the linked article does not help you:
:::* ''One problem the researchers do make sure to point out is that '''they are working with only one data point: our own behaviors and capabilities for space exploration'''. “We tried to come up with a model that would involve the fewest assumptions about sociology that we could,” Carroll-Nellenback told Business Insider. '''We have no real way of knowing the motivations of an alien civilization'''.'' --&gt; proves that this is just speculation and no evidence-based arguments have been provided for the idea that aliens likely visited Earth.
:::And I'm not sure if you read my entire response, but I ''did'' engage with your &quot;actual reasoning&quot; and exposed its weaknesses and lack of adherence to Wikiversity policies. If we allowed content that was just filled with non sequiturs we would have content that fails Wikiversity's educational objectives and reduces the overall quality of this website, hence why such a harsh stance needs to be taken. —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 13:50, 11 April 2026 (UTC)
::::Thanks for proving that the Wikimedia ecosystem is unfit to deliberate on controversial topics. The question is entirely valid and the content is far better sourced than nearly all Wikidebates and has no genuine flaws. The only possible issue with it as far as I can see is that now that Wikidebates has been paused people can't add objections if they do have sth specific to say about the topic that's not already included on that page which already had plenty of Cons and objections.
::::The page was more educational than most of Wikiversity and it was well-sourced – wikidebates was for arguments so people were invited to make arguments based on sourced things or outlined logic and the page met [[WV:V]] and most pages on Wikiversity aren't sourced as good. Doesn't look like people can see beyond their biases and personal views here but that's more evident in the marginalization and deletion of wikidebates and the low activity in that project than these selective deletions. A constructive thing to do would be to add reasoned Cons and objections not yet on the page and people had plenty of time to do that. There are and will be other sites for free constructive rational adversarial deliberation (not a big loss in that sense). [[User:Prototyperspective|Prototyperspective]] ([[User talk:Prototyperspective|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Prototyperspective|contribs]]) 16:31, 22 April 2026 (UTC)
:::::Thank you for failing to address any of my arguments and going on an unrelated, nonsensical tangent that has nothing to do with the discussion. Once you start producing work that aligns with Wikiversity's content policies instead of typing up laughable, pseudoscientific garbage, then maybe your work can be accepted and not removed. —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 16:59, 22 April 2026 (UTC)
::::::I suggest you stop ridiculing things and learn respectfully forming genuine points about the subject at hand. {{tq|the idea as a hypothetical model}} but please learn first about what arguments are and why they're not the same as a statement of objective proven fact. [[User:Prototyperspective|Prototyperspective]] ([[User talk:Prototyperspective|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Prototyperspective|contribs]]) 17:18, 22 April 2026 (UTC)

==Pages by Harold Foppele==
[[User:Harold Foppele]] is locally blocked indefinitely and globally banned for sockpuppetry. There were also WMF and local community concerns expressed about copyright violation and AI (over)use. As a result, I think the Wikiversity pages created by this account warrant review with regard what should be deleted, what should be retained etc.:
* [[Completing the square]]
* [[Number of independent spatial modes in a spherical volume]]
* [[Quantum]]
** [[Quantum/Andrew N. Jordan]]
* [[Quantum A Matter Of Size]]
* [[Quantum A Spooky Action at a Distance]]
* [[Quantum: A Walk Through the Universe]]
* [[Quantum Computing Algorithms in the NISQ Era]]
* [[Quantum Formulas Collection]]
* [[Quantum harmonic oscillator]]
* [[Quantum Matter Elements and Particles]]
* [[Quantum mechanics]]
** [[Quantum mechanics/Timeline]]
* [[Quantum mechanics learning module]]
* [[Quantum mechanics measurements]]
* [[Quantum Noisy Qubits]]
* [[Quantum optics beam splitter experiments]]
* [[Quantum: The Secret of Cohesion: How Waves Hold Matter Together]]
* [[Quantum Ultra fast lasers]]
* [[Speed of sound experiments]]
* [[User:Harold Foppele]]
-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 08:12, 17 May 2026 (UTC)

:'''Delete all''' Not worth keeping. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 08:27, 17 May 2026 (UTC)</text>
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      <comment>Update link</comment>
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      <comment>/* Examples */ Grammar</comment>
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      <text bytes="9495" sha1="3xg2yclgdeeldo2ammxuugmx1gmb190" xml:space="preserve">{{Policy|WV:CIVIL}}
{{Policy in a nutshell|Being rude, insensitive, or petty makes people upset and prevents Wikiversity from working properly. Try to discourage others from being uncivil, and be careful to avoid offending people unintentionally. }}

'''Civility''' is a rule for the conduct of edits, comments, and talk page discussions on all Wikimedia projects. Whereas incivility is roughly defined as ''personally targeted behavior that causes an atmosphere of greater [[m:source of conflict | conflict]] and [[m:wikistress | stress]],'' our rule of civility states plainly that ''people must act with civility toward one another.'' A civility policy is a reasonable way to delimit acceptable conduct from the unacceptable.

== The problem ==
Many people forget that criticizing an edit is easily conflated with insulting the person who made it — and so they are unnecessarily harsh on the giving end and unnecessarily sensitive on the receiving end. Textual communication on the Internet does not transmit the nuances of verbal conversation, so a small, facetious comment can be easily misinterpreted. What starts with one uncivil remark becomes an exchange of those same, during which people are no longer interested in improving articles and instead focus on &quot;triumphing&quot; over the &quot;enemy&quot;. This is not what Wikiversity is about (see [[Wikiversity:What is Wikiversity?]]).

== Examples ==
'''Petty examples''' that contribute to an uncivil environment:

* Rudeness
* Judgmental tone in edit summaries (&quot;fixed sloppy spelling,&quot; &quot;snipped rambling crap&quot;)
* Belittling contributors because of their language skills or word choice
* Ill-considered accusations of impropriety of one kind or another
* Starting a comment with: &quot;Not to make this personal, but...&quot;
* Calling someone a liar, or accusing him/her of slander or libel. Even if true, such remarks tend to aggravate rather than resolve a dispute.

More '''serious examples''' include:

* [[wikt:taunt#English|Taunting]]
* [[w:Wikipedia:No personal attacks | Personal attacks]]
** Racial, ethnic, and religious slurs
** [[w:Profanity|Profanity]] directed at another contributor
* Lies
* Defacing user pages
* Giving users derogatory names via ''Page move Trolling''
* Calling for unjustified bans or blocks
* Using [[w:Straw man|straw men]]

Incivility happens, for example, when you are quietly creating a new page, and another user tells you, ''If you're going to write a pointless page, could you spell-check it?''&lt;br&gt;
Escalation occurs when you reply, ''Mind your own business''.

This style of interaction between editors drives away contributors, distracts others from more important matters, and weakens the entire community.

== When and why does it happen? ==

* During an edit war, when people have different opinions, or when there is a conflict over sharing power.
* When the community grows larger. Each editor does not know all the others and may not perceive the importance of each individual to the project — so they don't worry about maintaining relationships that don't exist. Reputation does not count as much as in a smaller community.
* Sometimes, a particularly impolite user joins the project. This can also aggravate other editors into being impolite themselves.
* People's different point of views may lead up to a debate, the people involved in the debate may be rude.

Most of the time, insults are used in the heat of the moment during a longer conflict. They are essentially a way to end the discussion. Often the person who made the insult regrets having used such words afterwards. This in itself is a good reason to remove (or [[w:Wikipedia:Refactoring | refactor]]) the offending words.

In other cases, the offender is doing it on purpose: either to distract the &quot;opponent(s)&quot; from the issue, or simply to drive them away from working on the article or even from the project, or to push them to commit an even greater breach in civility, which might result in ostracism or banning. In those cases, it is far less likely that the offender will have any regrets and apologize.

It should be noted that some editors deliberately push others to the point of breaching civility, without committing such a breach themselves.

== Why is it bad? ==

* Because it makes people unhappy, resulting in discouragement and leaving Wikiversity.
* Because it makes people angry, resulting in non-constructive or even uncivil behavior themselves, further escalating the level of incivility
* Because it puts people on the defensive, closing their minds to other ideas and preventing a [[w:Wikipedia:consensus|consensus]] from forming
* Because people lose good faith, resulting in even less ability to resolve the current conflict — or the next one

== General suggestions ==

=== Preventing incivility within Wikiversity ===

* Prevent edit wars and conflict between individuals (''constraints on editing are set by the project — essentially a community answer'')
* Force delays between answers to give time to editors to calm down and recover and to avoid further escalation of a conflict (''protecting pages, or temporary blocks of editors in case of conflict'')
* Use positive feedback (''praising those who do not respond to incivility with incivility'')
* Apply peer pressure (''voicing displeasure each time rudeness or incivility happens'')
* Solve the root of the conflict between the offender and the other editor(s) or the community — or find a compromise.
* Use negative feedback (''suggesting that an editor involved in conflict should leave a conflict or even temporarily avoid all controversial areas in Wikiversity''). It may be worthwhile making such suggestions to both sides of the conflict.
* Block certain users from editing specific pages that often trigger incivility
* Create and enforce a new rule — based on use of certain words — that allows temporary blocking or banning an editor using them more than a certain number of times.
* Filter emails by the offender, or filter mail based on certain keywords and reject emails to the Wikiversity mailing list with those words
* Accepting that incivility and rudeness can't be entirely avoided in such a project, and not responding in kind.
* Giving awards for good edits.

=== Reducing the impact ===

* Balance each uncivil comment by providing a soothing or constructive comment
* '''Do not''' answer offensive comments. Forget about them. Forgive the editor. Do not escalate the conflict. (''an individual approach'')
* Ignore incivility. Operate as if the offender does not exist. Set up a &quot;wall&quot; between the offender and the community.
* Revert edits with a veil of invisibility (&amp;bot=1) to reduce the impact of the offensive words used in edit summaries (the comment box)
* Walk away. Just go edit somewhere else for a while and return when tempers have cooled.
* If you happen to offend someone, apologize. Remove the offense, if possible, and keep the apology. However, please do not expect or attempt to mandate that others act likewise.

=== Removing uncivil comments ===

* Strike offensive words or replace them with milder ones on talk pages (''this is often seen as controversial, as is refactoring other people's words'')
* Remove offensive comments on talk pages (''since they remain in the page history, anyone can find them again or refer to them later on'')
* Revert an edit with &amp;bot=1, so that the edit made by the offender appears invisible in Recent Changes (''do-able on IP contributions, requires technical help for logged-in user'')
* Delete (entirely and permanently) an edit made by the offender (''requires technical help'')
* Permanently delete an offensive comment made on the mailing lists (''requires technical help'')
* Replace a comment made in an edit summary by another less offensive comment (''requires technical help'')

=== Explain incivility ===

Some editors are badly shaken by uncivil words directed towards them, and can't focus on the source of the conflict itself. It may help to point out to them why unpleasant words were used, and acknowledge that while incivility is wrong, the ideas behind the comment may be valid.

The offended person may realize that the words were not always meant literally, and could decide to forgive and forget them.

It can be helpful to point out breaches of civility even when done on purpose to hurt, as it might help the disputant to refocus on the issue (''controversial'').

=== Suggest apologizing ===

The apology is a form of ritual exchange between both parties, where words are said that allow reconciliation. 

For some people, it may be crucial to receive an [[meta:apology | apology]] from those who have offended them. For this reason, a sincere apology is often the key to the resolution of a conflict: an apology is a symbol of forgiveness. An apology is very much recommended when one person's perceived incivility has offended another.

==See also==
* [[Help:Resource attribution]] - an optional scheme for promoting civility and cooperation between educators when someone has an interest in a particular resource page and may need it for their classes.
* [[Wikiversity:Civility/Extension 0.2]] - a draft for a proposed extension/change to the Civility policy
* [[Wikiversity:Respect people]] a proposed policy that complements the Civility policy and [[Wikimedia:Privacy policy]]
* [[Learning civility]] - a learning project about developing personal civility and facilitating  it in others

{{Official policies}}
[[Category:Civility]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:Deletion request</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>1932</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2810078</id>
      <parentid>2611744</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T10:35:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
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      <comment>Update link</comment>
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|image = [[File:User-trash.svg|50x50px|link=]]
|text='''Please [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion#{{{1|{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}}|share your thoughts]] about whether to [[Wikiversity:Deletion policy|keep this resource or not]]'''. Resources are likely to remain at Wikiversity when you [[Wikiversity:Be bold|boldly]] address reasonable concerns through concrete improvements. We encourage you to give resources a  chance to receive fair reviews and concrete improvements by keeping nomination notices intact.
{{#if:{{{2|}}}|----
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center; margin-bottom:0em;&quot;&gt;
''The Nominator gave the following reason for their nomination'':
{{cquote|{{{2}}}}}
&lt;/div&gt;
}}
}}&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#ifeq:{{{example|no}}}|no|[[Category:Requests for Deletion]]}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;
{{center|[[Special:PrefixIndex/{{FULLPAGENAME}}/|''Link to any subpages this page might have'']]}}
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}
&lt;!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-18T08:04:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
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      <comment>/* */ Update link</comment>
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      <text bytes="441" sha1="a9ymwzt9nv2h6h75wi7mv55ryk41k79" xml:space="preserve">{{shortcut|CAT:RFD}}
See also [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]] for discussion, and [[Wikiversity:Please delete my page]]. For more on the deletion process (and other tiers of nomination), see  [[Wikiversity:Deletion policy]].

Note: [[:Category:NowCommons]] normally has one page in it if it is &quot;empty.&quot;
__EXPECTUNUSEDCATEGORY__
[[Category:Wikiversity maintenance]]
[[Category:Wikiversity deletion]]

[[fr:Catégorie:Page à supprimer]]</text>
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  <page>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-18T01:08:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fixing casing with assistance of Claude: https://claude.ai/share/03a414d9-b5e4-4fee-b0dc-b193afe101d6</comment>
      <origin>2810003</origin>
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| image = [[File:Nutshell.svg|30px|Mmm, nuts!]]
| text = '''{{{what|{{#switch:{{NAMESPACE}}
| Wikiversity = [[Wikiversity:Policies|Policy]]
| {{TALKSPACE}} = Discussion
| }}}}} {{#switch:{{{what|{{#switch:{{NAMESPACE}}
| Wikiversity = Policy
| {{TALKSPACE}} = Discussion
| }}}}}
| Policy = in
| Discussion = in
| #default = In
}} a nutshell''': {{{1}}}
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
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    <ns>5</ns>
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      <contributor>
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        <id>10242</id>
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      <comment>/* Empty resources */ Reply</comment>
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      <text bytes="11613" sha1="rn4gf08laksapbs6pcy8qe1l5w7ua8x" xml:space="preserve">{{archive box|
[[/Archives/Archive 1|Archive 1]]
[[/Archives/Archive 2|Archive 2]]&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;Last archived discussion: 14 Sep. 2015‎&lt;/small&gt;
}}


==Comments on section titled [[Wikiversity:Deletions#Deletion templates]]==
This is new section, written by me.  Your thoughts by creating a new section with your username as the title. What is under your username is under your full control. Edit/delete as you wish. Be very brief in another person's space, as they have permission to delete what you wrote.--[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 11:30, 23 December 2022 (UTC)
====Guy vandegrift====
I am not quite happy with the section on Proposed deletion.  For one thing, I don't know exactly what happens when the deadline for making changes passes.--[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 11:23, 23 December 2022 (UTC)

====Omphalographer====
:FYI, the {{tl|delete}} template doesn't need to be substituted. {{tl|prod}} needs &lt;code&gt;subst:&lt;/code&gt; to insert the current date, but other deletion templates don't.
:What would be nice would be if the {{tl|prod}} template could be given a deletion reason as an argument, just like how {{tl|delete}} can. I've been inserting reasons in &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;!-- HTML comments --&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; on some pages I've proposed for deletion, but having a way to make that visible on the page would be even better. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 21:50, 19 December 2022 (UTC)
::Thanks for catching my unnecessary use of &lt;code&gt;subst:&lt;/code&gt; on {{tl:delete}}. Regarding the {{tl|prod}} template, I suppose the purpose was to confine the conversation to the talk page.  It probably sounded like a good idea at the time:  The editors would thrash out their differences off [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]].  The problem is that there is almost never more than one author that we deal with.{{unsigned|Guy vandegrift| 05:18, 20 December 2022}}
::Just coming across this discussion, noting that I added a reason parameter to {{tlx|prod}} (in particular, the unnamed first parameter which is now shown in the [[Template:Proposed deletion/doc|documentation]]) a few months ago. See e.g. [[Astronomy outline]]. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 03:51, 1 February 2025 (UTC)

===Voting===
I don't know if this new section needs to be approved by the community (before retirement I was too busy to pay attention to rules, which is why WV was my favorite WMF wiki! Either way, feel free to vote or abstain. --[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 11:27, 23 December 2022 (UTC)
*{{Support}} as person making the proposal--[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 05:38, 20 December 2022 (UTC)
* Not opposed. I think &quot;at the top&quot; needs to be after an introduction paragraph, and the introduction paragraph needs to mention to see below for detailed explanations. Including &lt;nowiki&gt;__TOC__&lt;/nowiki&gt; above the content would be another or additional approach. -- [[User:Dave Braunschweig|Dave Braunschweig]] ([[User talk:Dave Braunschweig|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dave Braunschweig|contribs]]) 15:22, 20 December 2022 (UTC)
* {{Support}} Seems simpler and I seriously doubt it causes problems.  Sounds like a high-probability net good to me. [[User:Addemf|Addemf]] ([[User talk:Addemf|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Addemf|contribs]]) 19:59, 15 March 2024 (UTC)

== Proposed modifications ==

I proposed the following at https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wikiversity:Colloquium#Expanding_WV%3ADeletions_with_Moving_to_Draft_archive

:&quot;==Moving to Draft archive==
:&quot;A page that meets the criteria for deletion from the main resource namespace that was most likely created in good faith and is not blatant spam should be moved to the &quot;Draft:&quot; namespace instead of being deleted, unless an overriding rationale for deletion prevails such as the page being offensive, copyright violation, spam, and/or so forth. The rational for this is as follows. Not deleting Creating Commons Content created in good faith is fruitful to the Creative Commons as a whole, database storage is not reduced by deleting content, and there is generally no harm moving good faith content to the Draft: namespace. Additionally, whether someone created good faith Creative Commons content (related to teaching, learning, or research) to hone their writing and wiki editing skills, simply to plant the seed of an idea for others to build off of later, or so forth, moving such content to the &quot;Draft:&quot; namespace can give others an opportunity to develop the content later, use the content as food for thought that might spark new, useful, or novel ideas, and/or possibly another creative fruitful intellectual processes related to Creative Commons content creation not described here.

Also, I started [[Template:Draftify]] recently. 

limitless peace [[User:Michael Ten|Michael Ten]] ([[User talk:Michael Ten|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Michael Ten|contribs]]) 17:33, 10 March 2024 (UTC)
: Great suggestion @[[User:Michael Ten|Michael Ten]]. I've lightly revised the current guideline to more clearly incorporate moving content to the user or draft namespace as an option and added the {{tl|draftify}} template (it could also be added to the nutshell). Perhaps, could you review and suggest any further, specific changes? I don't think I'd support going as far as requiring that pages be moved to draft, but I do think we should be highlighting this option. Perhaps also consider how the distinction between {{tl|Pagemove announcement}} and {{tl|draftify}} can be sharpened. Sincerely, James -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 05:50, 11 March 2024 (UTC)
:: Thanks. i was able to see your edits here i think. https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity%3ADeletions&amp;diff=2611619&amp;oldid=2605804 bless up. [[User:Michael Ten|Michael Ten]] ([[User talk:Michael Ten|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Michael Ten|contribs]]) 03:37, 12 March 2024 (UTC)
:::I also support this proposal. From [[Wikiversity_talk:Drafts#policy_and_page_change_suggestion]], it seems that [[User:Addemf]] also supports it. ({{ping|Addemf}} as you can see, our conversations are &quot;all over the place&quot;).  If I count votes, I get 4 votes (Guy, Michael, Jtneill, and Addemf) all unofficially in support.--[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 23:06, 15 March 2024 (UTC)
:::We seem to have polling places all over Wikiversity on this motion.  My latest &quot;unofficial&quot; tally is 3 votes in solidly favor (Guy, Michael, Jtneill) and 2 votes essentially in favor (Dan's is tentative and Addemf is relying on intuition)--[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 15:24, 16 March 2024 (UTC)

== Should  talk-pages be always deleted with their associated page? ==

According to @[[User:Koavf|Koavf]], on Wiktionary talk-pages are usually retained when their associated page is deleted. This makes sense to me, how about others?

See  discussion of this topic at [[Wikiversity:Colloquium#Deletion of talk pages]] [[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] ([[User talk:Ottawahitech|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ottawahitech|contribs]]) 19:57, 31 January 2025 (UTC)

:It's common there due to more involved deletion discussiona and on en.wikt, there are deletion discussions that stay open for several years, which is not true here. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 20:14, 31 January 2025 (UTC)

== Empty resources ==

Should CSD11 be expanded to include empty/blanked resources, a new CSD added, or is there another existing CSD typically used for that case? Glancing at [[Special:Shortpages]]. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 23:54, 31 March 2025 (UTC)

:Agree. I've added &quot;'''Empty page''' which has been blanked or content not developed&quot;. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 01:19, 18 May 2026 (UTC)

== Maybe a change for Proposed deletion (prod)? ==

I suggest we only allow users to remove a PROD template from the article of they provide a reason on the talk page or edit summary:
&lt;!-- Generated using w:en:User:NguoiDungKhongDinhDanh/FormattedEditRequest --&gt;
{| class=&quot;diff diff-editfont-monospace&quot; style=&quot;margin: auto; font-size: small; overflow-wrap: break-word;&quot;
|-
| class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; | Line 35:
| class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; | Line 35:
|-
| class=&quot;diff-context diff-side-deleted&quot; | &lt;nowiki&gt;=== {{anchor|Proposed deletion}}Proposed deletion (prod)===&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| class=&quot;diff-context diff-side-added&quot; | &lt;nowiki&gt;=== {{anchor|Proposed deletion}}Proposed deletion (prod)===&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|-
| class=&quot;diff-context diff-side-deleted&quot; | &lt;nowiki&gt;{{shortcut|WV:PROD|WV:PRD|WV:PD}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| class=&quot;diff-context diff-side-added&quot; | &lt;nowiki&gt;{{shortcut|WV:PROD|WV:PRD|WV:PD}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|-
| class=&quot;diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted&quot; | &lt;nowiki&gt;Resources may be eligible for proposed deletion when education objectives and learning outcomes are scarce, and objections to deletion are unlikely. You may add {{tlxs|prod}} to the top of resources to propose deletion. A custodian may examine the resource after 90 days, and either delete the resource or remove the proposal. Anyone may object by removing the proposed deletion template from the resource, with&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt; or without&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt; an explanation on the resource's discussion page. Anyone still considering that the resource should be deleted may [[#Discussion|discuss deletion]].&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| class=&quot;diff-addedline diff-side-added&quot; | &lt;nowiki&gt;Resources may be eligible for proposed deletion when education objectives and learning outcomes are scarce, and objections to deletion are unlikely. You may add {{tlxs|prod}} to the top of resources to propose deletion. A custodian may examine the resource after 90 days, and either delete the resource or remove the proposal. Anyone may object by removing the proposed deletion template from the resource, with an explanation on the resource's discussion page&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt; or in the edit summary&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;. Anyone still considering that the resource should be deleted may [[#Discussion|discuss deletion]].&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|-
| class=&quot;diff-context diff-side-deleted&quot; | 
| class=&quot;diff-context diff-side-added&quot; | 
|-
| class=&quot;diff-context diff-side-deleted&quot; | &lt;nowiki&gt;== {{anchor|Deletion discussions|Discussion}}How to discuss ==&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| class=&quot;diff-context diff-side-added&quot; | &lt;nowiki&gt;== {{anchor|Deletion discussions|Discussion}}How to discuss ==&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|} [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 01:11, 22 March 2026 (UTC)</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>2810009</id>
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        <username>Jtneill</username>
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      <comment>/* Maybe a change for Proposed deletion (prod)? */ Reply</comment>
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[[/Archives/Archive 1|Archive 1]]
[[/Archives/Archive 2|Archive 2]]&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;Last archived discussion: 14 Sep. 2015‎&lt;/small&gt;
}}


==Comments on section titled [[Wikiversity:Deletions#Deletion templates]]==
This is new section, written by me.  Your thoughts by creating a new section with your username as the title. What is under your username is under your full control. Edit/delete as you wish. Be very brief in another person's space, as they have permission to delete what you wrote.--[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 11:30, 23 December 2022 (UTC)
====Guy vandegrift====
I am not quite happy with the section on Proposed deletion.  For one thing, I don't know exactly what happens when the deadline for making changes passes.--[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 11:23, 23 December 2022 (UTC)

====Omphalographer====
:FYI, the {{tl|delete}} template doesn't need to be substituted. {{tl|prod}} needs &lt;code&gt;subst:&lt;/code&gt; to insert the current date, but other deletion templates don't.
:What would be nice would be if the {{tl|prod}} template could be given a deletion reason as an argument, just like how {{tl|delete}} can. I've been inserting reasons in &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;!-- HTML comments --&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; on some pages I've proposed for deletion, but having a way to make that visible on the page would be even better. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 21:50, 19 December 2022 (UTC)
::Thanks for catching my unnecessary use of &lt;code&gt;subst:&lt;/code&gt; on {{tl:delete}}. Regarding the {{tl|prod}} template, I suppose the purpose was to confine the conversation to the talk page.  It probably sounded like a good idea at the time:  The editors would thrash out their differences off [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]].  The problem is that there is almost never more than one author that we deal with.{{unsigned|Guy vandegrift| 05:18, 20 December 2022}}
::Just coming across this discussion, noting that I added a reason parameter to {{tlx|prod}} (in particular, the unnamed first parameter which is now shown in the [[Template:Proposed deletion/doc|documentation]]) a few months ago. See e.g. [[Astronomy outline]]. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 03:51, 1 February 2025 (UTC)

===Voting===
I don't know if this new section needs to be approved by the community (before retirement I was too busy to pay attention to rules, which is why WV was my favorite WMF wiki! Either way, feel free to vote or abstain. --[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 11:27, 23 December 2022 (UTC)
*{{Support}} as person making the proposal--[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 05:38, 20 December 2022 (UTC)
* Not opposed. I think &quot;at the top&quot; needs to be after an introduction paragraph, and the introduction paragraph needs to mention to see below for detailed explanations. Including &lt;nowiki&gt;__TOC__&lt;/nowiki&gt; above the content would be another or additional approach. -- [[User:Dave Braunschweig|Dave Braunschweig]] ([[User talk:Dave Braunschweig|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dave Braunschweig|contribs]]) 15:22, 20 December 2022 (UTC)
* {{Support}} Seems simpler and I seriously doubt it causes problems.  Sounds like a high-probability net good to me. [[User:Addemf|Addemf]] ([[User talk:Addemf|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Addemf|contribs]]) 19:59, 15 March 2024 (UTC)

== Proposed modifications ==

I proposed the following at https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wikiversity:Colloquium#Expanding_WV%3ADeletions_with_Moving_to_Draft_archive

:&quot;==Moving to Draft archive==
:&quot;A page that meets the criteria for deletion from the main resource namespace that was most likely created in good faith and is not blatant spam should be moved to the &quot;Draft:&quot; namespace instead of being deleted, unless an overriding rationale for deletion prevails such as the page being offensive, copyright violation, spam, and/or so forth. The rational for this is as follows. Not deleting Creating Commons Content created in good faith is fruitful to the Creative Commons as a whole, database storage is not reduced by deleting content, and there is generally no harm moving good faith content to the Draft: namespace. Additionally, whether someone created good faith Creative Commons content (related to teaching, learning, or research) to hone their writing and wiki editing skills, simply to plant the seed of an idea for others to build off of later, or so forth, moving such content to the &quot;Draft:&quot; namespace can give others an opportunity to develop the content later, use the content as food for thought that might spark new, useful, or novel ideas, and/or possibly another creative fruitful intellectual processes related to Creative Commons content creation not described here.

Also, I started [[Template:Draftify]] recently. 

limitless peace [[User:Michael Ten|Michael Ten]] ([[User talk:Michael Ten|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Michael Ten|contribs]]) 17:33, 10 March 2024 (UTC)
: Great suggestion @[[User:Michael Ten|Michael Ten]]. I've lightly revised the current guideline to more clearly incorporate moving content to the user or draft namespace as an option and added the {{tl|draftify}} template (it could also be added to the nutshell). Perhaps, could you review and suggest any further, specific changes? I don't think I'd support going as far as requiring that pages be moved to draft, but I do think we should be highlighting this option. Perhaps also consider how the distinction between {{tl|Pagemove announcement}} and {{tl|draftify}} can be sharpened. Sincerely, James -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 05:50, 11 March 2024 (UTC)
:: Thanks. i was able to see your edits here i think. https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity%3ADeletions&amp;diff=2611619&amp;oldid=2605804 bless up. [[User:Michael Ten|Michael Ten]] ([[User talk:Michael Ten|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Michael Ten|contribs]]) 03:37, 12 March 2024 (UTC)
:::I also support this proposal. From [[Wikiversity_talk:Drafts#policy_and_page_change_suggestion]], it seems that [[User:Addemf]] also supports it. ({{ping|Addemf}} as you can see, our conversations are &quot;all over the place&quot;).  If I count votes, I get 4 votes (Guy, Michael, Jtneill, and Addemf) all unofficially in support.--[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 23:06, 15 March 2024 (UTC)
:::We seem to have polling places all over Wikiversity on this motion.  My latest &quot;unofficial&quot; tally is 3 votes in solidly favor (Guy, Michael, Jtneill) and 2 votes essentially in favor (Dan's is tentative and Addemf is relying on intuition)--[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 15:24, 16 March 2024 (UTC)

== Should  talk-pages be always deleted with their associated page? ==

According to @[[User:Koavf|Koavf]], on Wiktionary talk-pages are usually retained when their associated page is deleted. This makes sense to me, how about others?

See  discussion of this topic at [[Wikiversity:Colloquium#Deletion of talk pages]] [[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] ([[User talk:Ottawahitech|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ottawahitech|contribs]]) 19:57, 31 January 2025 (UTC)

:It's common there due to more involved deletion discussiona and on en.wikt, there are deletion discussions that stay open for several years, which is not true here. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 20:14, 31 January 2025 (UTC)

== Empty resources ==

Should CSD11 be expanded to include empty/blanked resources, a new CSD added, or is there another existing CSD typically used for that case? Glancing at [[Special:Shortpages]]. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 23:54, 31 March 2025 (UTC)

:Agree. I've added &quot;'''Empty page''' which has been blanked or content not developed&quot;. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 01:19, 18 May 2026 (UTC)

== Maybe a change for Proposed deletion (prod)? ==

I suggest we only allow users to remove a PROD template from the article of they provide a reason on the talk page or edit summary:
&lt;!-- Generated using w:en:User:NguoiDungKhongDinhDanh/FormattedEditRequest --&gt;
{| class=&quot;diff diff-editfont-monospace&quot; style=&quot;margin: auto; font-size: small; overflow-wrap: break-word;&quot;
|-
| class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; | Line 35:
| class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; | Line 35:
|-
| class=&quot;diff-context diff-side-deleted&quot; | &lt;nowiki&gt;=== {{anchor|Proposed deletion}}Proposed deletion (prod)===&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| class=&quot;diff-context diff-side-added&quot; | &lt;nowiki&gt;=== {{anchor|Proposed deletion}}Proposed deletion (prod)===&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|-
| class=&quot;diff-context diff-side-deleted&quot; | &lt;nowiki&gt;{{shortcut|WV:PROD|WV:PRD|WV:PD}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| class=&quot;diff-context diff-side-added&quot; | &lt;nowiki&gt;{{shortcut|WV:PROD|WV:PRD|WV:PD}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|-
| class=&quot;diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted&quot; | &lt;nowiki&gt;Resources may be eligible for proposed deletion when education objectives and learning outcomes are scarce, and objections to deletion are unlikely. You may add {{tlxs|prod}} to the top of resources to propose deletion. A custodian may examine the resource after 90 days, and either delete the resource or remove the proposal. Anyone may object by removing the proposed deletion template from the resource, with&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt; or without&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt; an explanation on the resource's discussion page. Anyone still considering that the resource should be deleted may [[#Discussion|discuss deletion]].&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| class=&quot;diff-addedline diff-side-added&quot; | &lt;nowiki&gt;Resources may be eligible for proposed deletion when education objectives and learning outcomes are scarce, and objections to deletion are unlikely. You may add {{tlxs|prod}} to the top of resources to propose deletion. A custodian may examine the resource after 90 days, and either delete the resource or remove the proposal. Anyone may object by removing the proposed deletion template from the resource, with an explanation on the resource's discussion page&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt; or in the edit summary&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;. Anyone still considering that the resource should be deleted may [[#Discussion|discuss deletion]].&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|-
| class=&quot;diff-context diff-side-deleted&quot; | 
| class=&quot;diff-context diff-side-added&quot; | 
|-
| class=&quot;diff-context diff-side-deleted&quot; | &lt;nowiki&gt;== {{anchor|Deletion discussions|Discussion}}How to discuss ==&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| class=&quot;diff-context diff-side-added&quot; | &lt;nowiki&gt;== {{anchor|Deletion discussions|Discussion}}How to discuss ==&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|} [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 01:11, 22 March 2026 (UTC)

:Agree. Done. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 01:25, 18 May 2026 (UTC)</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Jtneill moved page [[Wikiversity talk:Deletions]] to [[Wikiversity talk:Deletion policy]] over redirect: To be consistent with naming at Wikipedia, Wikibooks, Wikiquote etc.</comment>
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[[/Archives/Archive 1|Archive 1]]
[[/Archives/Archive 2|Archive 2]]&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;Last archived discussion: 14 Sep. 2015‎&lt;/small&gt;
}}


==Comments on section titled [[Wikiversity:Deletions#Deletion templates]]==
This is new section, written by me.  Your thoughts by creating a new section with your username as the title. What is under your username is under your full control. Edit/delete as you wish. Be very brief in another person's space, as they have permission to delete what you wrote.--[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 11:30, 23 December 2022 (UTC)
====Guy vandegrift====
I am not quite happy with the section on Proposed deletion.  For one thing, I don't know exactly what happens when the deadline for making changes passes.--[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 11:23, 23 December 2022 (UTC)

====Omphalographer====
:FYI, the {{tl|delete}} template doesn't need to be substituted. {{tl|prod}} needs &lt;code&gt;subst:&lt;/code&gt; to insert the current date, but other deletion templates don't.
:What would be nice would be if the {{tl|prod}} template could be given a deletion reason as an argument, just like how {{tl|delete}} can. I've been inserting reasons in &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;!-- HTML comments --&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; on some pages I've proposed for deletion, but having a way to make that visible on the page would be even better. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 21:50, 19 December 2022 (UTC)
::Thanks for catching my unnecessary use of &lt;code&gt;subst:&lt;/code&gt; on {{tl:delete}}. Regarding the {{tl|prod}} template, I suppose the purpose was to confine the conversation to the talk page.  It probably sounded like a good idea at the time:  The editors would thrash out their differences off [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]].  The problem is that there is almost never more than one author that we deal with.{{unsigned|Guy vandegrift| 05:18, 20 December 2022}}
::Just coming across this discussion, noting that I added a reason parameter to {{tlx|prod}} (in particular, the unnamed first parameter which is now shown in the [[Template:Proposed deletion/doc|documentation]]) a few months ago. See e.g. [[Astronomy outline]]. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 03:51, 1 February 2025 (UTC)

===Voting===
I don't know if this new section needs to be approved by the community (before retirement I was too busy to pay attention to rules, which is why WV was my favorite WMF wiki! Either way, feel free to vote or abstain. --[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 11:27, 23 December 2022 (UTC)
*{{Support}} as person making the proposal--[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 05:38, 20 December 2022 (UTC)
* Not opposed. I think &quot;at the top&quot; needs to be after an introduction paragraph, and the introduction paragraph needs to mention to see below for detailed explanations. Including &lt;nowiki&gt;__TOC__&lt;/nowiki&gt; above the content would be another or additional approach. -- [[User:Dave Braunschweig|Dave Braunschweig]] ([[User talk:Dave Braunschweig|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dave Braunschweig|contribs]]) 15:22, 20 December 2022 (UTC)
* {{Support}} Seems simpler and I seriously doubt it causes problems.  Sounds like a high-probability net good to me. [[User:Addemf|Addemf]] ([[User talk:Addemf|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Addemf|contribs]]) 19:59, 15 March 2024 (UTC)

== Proposed modifications ==

I proposed the following at https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wikiversity:Colloquium#Expanding_WV%3ADeletions_with_Moving_to_Draft_archive

:&quot;==Moving to Draft archive==
:&quot;A page that meets the criteria for deletion from the main resource namespace that was most likely created in good faith and is not blatant spam should be moved to the &quot;Draft:&quot; namespace instead of being deleted, unless an overriding rationale for deletion prevails such as the page being offensive, copyright violation, spam, and/or so forth. The rational for this is as follows. Not deleting Creating Commons Content created in good faith is fruitful to the Creative Commons as a whole, database storage is not reduced by deleting content, and there is generally no harm moving good faith content to the Draft: namespace. Additionally, whether someone created good faith Creative Commons content (related to teaching, learning, or research) to hone their writing and wiki editing skills, simply to plant the seed of an idea for others to build off of later, or so forth, moving such content to the &quot;Draft:&quot; namespace can give others an opportunity to develop the content later, use the content as food for thought that might spark new, useful, or novel ideas, and/or possibly another creative fruitful intellectual processes related to Creative Commons content creation not described here.

Also, I started [[Template:Draftify]] recently. 

limitless peace [[User:Michael Ten|Michael Ten]] ([[User talk:Michael Ten|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Michael Ten|contribs]]) 17:33, 10 March 2024 (UTC)
: Great suggestion @[[User:Michael Ten|Michael Ten]]. I've lightly revised the current guideline to more clearly incorporate moving content to the user or draft namespace as an option and added the {{tl|draftify}} template (it could also be added to the nutshell). Perhaps, could you review and suggest any further, specific changes? I don't think I'd support going as far as requiring that pages be moved to draft, but I do think we should be highlighting this option. Perhaps also consider how the distinction between {{tl|Pagemove announcement}} and {{tl|draftify}} can be sharpened. Sincerely, James -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 05:50, 11 March 2024 (UTC)
:: Thanks. i was able to see your edits here i think. https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity%3ADeletions&amp;diff=2611619&amp;oldid=2605804 bless up. [[User:Michael Ten|Michael Ten]] ([[User talk:Michael Ten|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Michael Ten|contribs]]) 03:37, 12 March 2024 (UTC)
:::I also support this proposal. From [[Wikiversity_talk:Drafts#policy_and_page_change_suggestion]], it seems that [[User:Addemf]] also supports it. ({{ping|Addemf}} as you can see, our conversations are &quot;all over the place&quot;).  If I count votes, I get 4 votes (Guy, Michael, Jtneill, and Addemf) all unofficially in support.--[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 23:06, 15 March 2024 (UTC)
:::We seem to have polling places all over Wikiversity on this motion.  My latest &quot;unofficial&quot; tally is 3 votes in solidly favor (Guy, Michael, Jtneill) and 2 votes essentially in favor (Dan's is tentative and Addemf is relying on intuition)--[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 15:24, 16 March 2024 (UTC)

== Should  talk-pages be always deleted with their associated page? ==

According to @[[User:Koavf|Koavf]], on Wiktionary talk-pages are usually retained when their associated page is deleted. This makes sense to me, how about others?

See  discussion of this topic at [[Wikiversity:Colloquium#Deletion of talk pages]] [[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] ([[User talk:Ottawahitech|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ottawahitech|contribs]]) 19:57, 31 January 2025 (UTC)

:It's common there due to more involved deletion discussiona and on en.wikt, there are deletion discussions that stay open for several years, which is not true here. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 20:14, 31 January 2025 (UTC)

== Empty resources ==

Should CSD11 be expanded to include empty/blanked resources, a new CSD added, or is there another existing CSD typically used for that case? Glancing at [[Special:Shortpages]]. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 23:54, 31 March 2025 (UTC)

:Agree. I've added &quot;'''Empty page''' which has been blanked or content not developed&quot;. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 01:19, 18 May 2026 (UTC)

== Maybe a change for Proposed deletion (prod)? ==

I suggest we only allow users to remove a PROD template from the article of they provide a reason on the talk page or edit summary:
&lt;!-- Generated using w:en:User:NguoiDungKhongDinhDanh/FormattedEditRequest --&gt;
{| class=&quot;diff diff-editfont-monospace&quot; style=&quot;margin: auto; font-size: small; overflow-wrap: break-word;&quot;
|-
| class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; | Line 35:
| class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; | Line 35:
|-
| class=&quot;diff-context diff-side-deleted&quot; | &lt;nowiki&gt;=== {{anchor|Proposed deletion}}Proposed deletion (prod)===&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| class=&quot;diff-context diff-side-added&quot; | &lt;nowiki&gt;=== {{anchor|Proposed deletion}}Proposed deletion (prod)===&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|-
| class=&quot;diff-context diff-side-deleted&quot; | &lt;nowiki&gt;{{shortcut|WV:PROD|WV:PRD|WV:PD}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| class=&quot;diff-context diff-side-added&quot; | &lt;nowiki&gt;{{shortcut|WV:PROD|WV:PRD|WV:PD}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|-
| class=&quot;diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted&quot; | &lt;nowiki&gt;Resources may be eligible for proposed deletion when education objectives and learning outcomes are scarce, and objections to deletion are unlikely. You may add {{tlxs|prod}} to the top of resources to propose deletion. A custodian may examine the resource after 90 days, and either delete the resource or remove the proposal. Anyone may object by removing the proposed deletion template from the resource, with&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt; or without&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt; an explanation on the resource's discussion page. Anyone still considering that the resource should be deleted may [[#Discussion|discuss deletion]].&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| class=&quot;diff-addedline diff-side-added&quot; | &lt;nowiki&gt;Resources may be eligible for proposed deletion when education objectives and learning outcomes are scarce, and objections to deletion are unlikely. You may add {{tlxs|prod}} to the top of resources to propose deletion. A custodian may examine the resource after 90 days, and either delete the resource or remove the proposal. Anyone may object by removing the proposed deletion template from the resource, with an explanation on the resource's discussion page&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt; or in the edit summary&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;. Anyone still considering that the resource should be deleted may [[#Discussion|discuss deletion]].&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|-
| class=&quot;diff-context diff-side-deleted&quot; | 
| class=&quot;diff-context diff-side-added&quot; | 
|-
| class=&quot;diff-context diff-side-deleted&quot; | &lt;nowiki&gt;== {{anchor|Deletion discussions|Discussion}}How to discuss ==&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| class=&quot;diff-context diff-side-added&quot; | &lt;nowiki&gt;== {{anchor|Deletion discussions|Discussion}}How to discuss ==&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|} [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 01:11, 22 March 2026 (UTC)

:Agree. Done. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 01:25, 18 May 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>18i7cmkc8zcqn3iap6iv7plpjuf7fos</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2810019</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-18T01:41:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
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      <comment>Changes</comment>
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[[/Archives/Archive 1|Archive 1]]
[[/Archives/Archive 2|Archive 2]]&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;Last archived discussion: 14 Sep. 2015‎&lt;/small&gt;
}}


==Comments on section titled [[Wikiversity:Deletions#Deletion templates]]==
This is new section, written by me.  Your thoughts by creating a new section with your username as the title. What is under your username is under your full control. Edit/delete as you wish. Be very brief in another person's space, as they have permission to delete what you wrote.--[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 11:30, 23 December 2022 (UTC)
====Guy vandegrift====
I am not quite happy with the section on Proposed deletion.  For one thing, I don't know exactly what happens when the deadline for making changes passes.--[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 11:23, 23 December 2022 (UTC)

====Omphalographer====
:FYI, the {{tl|delete}} template doesn't need to be substituted. {{tl|prod}} needs &lt;code&gt;subst:&lt;/code&gt; to insert the current date, but other deletion templates don't.
:What would be nice would be if the {{tl|prod}} template could be given a deletion reason as an argument, just like how {{tl|delete}} can. I've been inserting reasons in &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;!-- HTML comments --&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; on some pages I've proposed for deletion, but having a way to make that visible on the page would be even better. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 21:50, 19 December 2022 (UTC)
::Thanks for catching my unnecessary use of &lt;code&gt;subst:&lt;/code&gt; on {{tl:delete}}. Regarding the {{tl|prod}} template, I suppose the purpose was to confine the conversation to the talk page.  It probably sounded like a good idea at the time:  The editors would thrash out their differences off [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]].  The problem is that there is almost never more than one author that we deal with.{{unsigned|Guy vandegrift| 05:18, 20 December 2022}}
::Just coming across this discussion, noting that I added a reason parameter to {{tlx|prod}} (in particular, the unnamed first parameter which is now shown in the [[Template:Proposed deletion/doc|documentation]]) a few months ago. See e.g. [[Astronomy outline]]. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 03:51, 1 February 2025 (UTC)

===Voting===
I don't know if this new section needs to be approved by the community (before retirement I was too busy to pay attention to rules, which is why WV was my favorite WMF wiki! Either way, feel free to vote or abstain. --[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 11:27, 23 December 2022 (UTC)
*{{Support}} as person making the proposal--[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 05:38, 20 December 2022 (UTC)
* Not opposed. I think &quot;at the top&quot; needs to be after an introduction paragraph, and the introduction paragraph needs to mention to see below for detailed explanations. Including &lt;nowiki&gt;__TOC__&lt;/nowiki&gt; above the content would be another or additional approach. -- [[User:Dave Braunschweig|Dave Braunschweig]] ([[User talk:Dave Braunschweig|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dave Braunschweig|contribs]]) 15:22, 20 December 2022 (UTC)
* {{Support}} Seems simpler and I seriously doubt it causes problems.  Sounds like a high-probability net good to me. [[User:Addemf|Addemf]] ([[User talk:Addemf|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Addemf|contribs]]) 19:59, 15 March 2024 (UTC)

== Proposed modifications ==

I proposed the following at https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wikiversity:Colloquium#Expanding_WV%3ADeletions_with_Moving_to_Draft_archive

:&quot;==Moving to Draft archive==
:&quot;A page that meets the criteria for deletion from the main resource namespace that was most likely created in good faith and is not blatant spam should be moved to the &quot;Draft:&quot; namespace instead of being deleted, unless an overriding rationale for deletion prevails such as the page being offensive, copyright violation, spam, and/or so forth. The rational for this is as follows. Not deleting Creating Commons Content created in good faith is fruitful to the Creative Commons as a whole, database storage is not reduced by deleting content, and there is generally no harm moving good faith content to the Draft: namespace. Additionally, whether someone created good faith Creative Commons content (related to teaching, learning, or research) to hone their writing and wiki editing skills, simply to plant the seed of an idea for others to build off of later, or so forth, moving such content to the &quot;Draft:&quot; namespace can give others an opportunity to develop the content later, use the content as food for thought that might spark new, useful, or novel ideas, and/or possibly another creative fruitful intellectual processes related to Creative Commons content creation not described here.

Also, I started [[Template:Draftify]] recently. 

limitless peace [[User:Michael Ten|Michael Ten]] ([[User talk:Michael Ten|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Michael Ten|contribs]]) 17:33, 10 March 2024 (UTC)
: Great suggestion @[[User:Michael Ten|Michael Ten]]. I've lightly revised the current guideline to more clearly incorporate moving content to the user or draft namespace as an option and added the {{tl|draftify}} template (it could also be added to the nutshell). Perhaps, could you review and suggest any further, specific changes? I don't think I'd support going as far as requiring that pages be moved to draft, but I do think we should be highlighting this option. Perhaps also consider how the distinction between {{tl|Pagemove announcement}} and {{tl|draftify}} can be sharpened. Sincerely, James -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 05:50, 11 March 2024 (UTC)
:: Thanks. i was able to see your edits here i think. https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity%3ADeletions&amp;diff=2611619&amp;oldid=2605804 bless up. [[User:Michael Ten|Michael Ten]] ([[User talk:Michael Ten|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Michael Ten|contribs]]) 03:37, 12 March 2024 (UTC)
:::I also support this proposal. From [[Wikiversity_talk:Drafts#policy_and_page_change_suggestion]], it seems that [[User:Addemf]] also supports it. ({{ping|Addemf}} as you can see, our conversations are &quot;all over the place&quot;).  If I count votes, I get 4 votes (Guy, Michael, Jtneill, and Addemf) all unofficially in support.--[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 23:06, 15 March 2024 (UTC)
:::We seem to have polling places all over Wikiversity on this motion.  My latest &quot;unofficial&quot; tally is 3 votes in solidly favor (Guy, Michael, Jtneill) and 2 votes essentially in favor (Dan's is tentative and Addemf is relying on intuition)--[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 15:24, 16 March 2024 (UTC)

== Should  talk-pages be always deleted with their associated page? ==

According to @[[User:Koavf|Koavf]], on Wiktionary talk-pages are usually retained when their associated page is deleted. This makes sense to me, how about others?

See  discussion of this topic at [[Wikiversity:Colloquium#Deletion of talk pages]] [[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] ([[User talk:Ottawahitech|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ottawahitech|contribs]]) 19:57, 31 January 2025 (UTC)

:It's common there due to more involved deletion discussiona and on en.wikt, there are deletion discussions that stay open for several years, which is not true here. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 20:14, 31 January 2025 (UTC)

== Empty resources ==

Should CSD11 be expanded to include empty/blanked resources, a new CSD added, or is there another existing CSD typically used for that case? Glancing at [[Special:Shortpages]]. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 23:54, 31 March 2025 (UTC)

:Agree. I've added &quot;'''Empty page''' which has been blanked or content not developed&quot;. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 01:19, 18 May 2026 (UTC)

== Maybe a change for Proposed deletion (prod)? ==

I suggest we only allow users to remove a PROD template from the article of they provide a reason on the talk page or edit summary:
&lt;!-- Generated using w:en:User:NguoiDungKhongDinhDanh/FormattedEditRequest --&gt;
{| class=&quot;diff diff-editfont-monospace&quot; style=&quot;margin: auto; font-size: small; overflow-wrap: break-word;&quot;
|-
| class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; | Line 35:
| class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; | Line 35:
|-
| class=&quot;diff-context diff-side-deleted&quot; | &lt;nowiki&gt;=== {{anchor|Proposed deletion}}Proposed deletion (prod)===&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| class=&quot;diff-context diff-side-added&quot; | &lt;nowiki&gt;=== {{anchor|Proposed deletion}}Proposed deletion (prod)===&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|-
| class=&quot;diff-context diff-side-deleted&quot; | &lt;nowiki&gt;{{shortcut|WV:PROD|WV:PRD|WV:PD}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| class=&quot;diff-context diff-side-added&quot; | &lt;nowiki&gt;{{shortcut|WV:PROD|WV:PRD|WV:PD}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|-
| class=&quot;diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted&quot; | &lt;nowiki&gt;Resources may be eligible for proposed deletion when education objectives and learning outcomes are scarce, and objections to deletion are unlikely. You may add {{tlxs|prod}} to the top of resources to propose deletion. A custodian may examine the resource after 90 days, and either delete the resource or remove the proposal. Anyone may object by removing the proposed deletion template from the resource, with&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt; or without&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt; an explanation on the resource's discussion page. Anyone still considering that the resource should be deleted may [[#Discussion|discuss deletion]].&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| class=&quot;diff-addedline diff-side-added&quot; | &lt;nowiki&gt;Resources may be eligible for proposed deletion when education objectives and learning outcomes are scarce, and objections to deletion are unlikely. You may add {{tlxs|prod}} to the top of resources to propose deletion. A custodian may examine the resource after 90 days, and either delete the resource or remove the proposal. Anyone may object by removing the proposed deletion template from the resource, with an explanation on the resource's discussion page&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt; or in the edit summary&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;. Anyone still considering that the resource should be deleted may [[#Discussion|discuss deletion]].&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|-
| class=&quot;diff-context diff-side-deleted&quot; | 
| class=&quot;diff-context diff-side-added&quot; | 
|-
| class=&quot;diff-context diff-side-deleted&quot; | &lt;nowiki&gt;== {{anchor|Deletion discussions|Discussion}}How to discuss ==&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| class=&quot;diff-context diff-side-added&quot; | &lt;nowiki&gt;== {{anchor|Deletion discussions|Discussion}}How to discuss ==&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|} [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 01:11, 22 March 2026 (UTC)

:Agree. Done. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 01:25, 18 May 2026 (UTC)

==Changes==
# Moved [[Wikiversity:Deletions]] to [[Wikiversity:Deletion policy]]. Reasons:
## To be consistent with the naming at Wikipedia, Wikibooks, Wikiquote etc.
## No plural
# Changed from guideline to proposed policy
# Changed custodians to support staff
# Cross-edited speedy deletion reasons to be consistent with [[MediaWiki:Deletereason-dropdown]]
# Copyedited
-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 01:40, 18 May 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>5foa3j9zo1oyv7oph4yqcswlh4ucydc</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2810026</id>
      <parentid>2810019</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T02:02:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+ Proposed policy</comment>
      <origin>2810026</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12553" sha1="aajhpdl0iyc9ssksez29l0njr99p5ke" xml:space="preserve">{{archive box|
[[/Archives/Archive 1|Archive 1]]
[[/Archives/Archive 2|Archive 2]]&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;Last archived discussion: 14 Sep. 2015‎&lt;/small&gt;
}}


==Comments on section titled [[Wikiversity:Deletions#Deletion templates]]==
This is new section, written by me.  Your thoughts by creating a new section with your username as the title. What is under your username is under your full control. Edit/delete as you wish. Be very brief in another person's space, as they have permission to delete what you wrote.--[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 11:30, 23 December 2022 (UTC)
====Guy vandegrift====
I am not quite happy with the section on Proposed deletion.  For one thing, I don't know exactly what happens when the deadline for making changes passes.--[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 11:23, 23 December 2022 (UTC)

====Omphalographer====
:FYI, the {{tl|delete}} template doesn't need to be substituted. {{tl|prod}} needs &lt;code&gt;subst:&lt;/code&gt; to insert the current date, but other deletion templates don't.
:What would be nice would be if the {{tl|prod}} template could be given a deletion reason as an argument, just like how {{tl|delete}} can. I've been inserting reasons in &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;!-- HTML comments --&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; on some pages I've proposed for deletion, but having a way to make that visible on the page would be even better. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 21:50, 19 December 2022 (UTC)
::Thanks for catching my unnecessary use of &lt;code&gt;subst:&lt;/code&gt; on {{tl:delete}}. Regarding the {{tl|prod}} template, I suppose the purpose was to confine the conversation to the talk page.  It probably sounded like a good idea at the time:  The editors would thrash out their differences off [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]].  The problem is that there is almost never more than one author that we deal with.{{unsigned|Guy vandegrift| 05:18, 20 December 2022}}
::Just coming across this discussion, noting that I added a reason parameter to {{tlx|prod}} (in particular, the unnamed first parameter which is now shown in the [[Template:Proposed deletion/doc|documentation]]) a few months ago. See e.g. [[Astronomy outline]]. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 03:51, 1 February 2025 (UTC)

===Voting===
I don't know if this new section needs to be approved by the community (before retirement I was too busy to pay attention to rules, which is why WV was my favorite WMF wiki! Either way, feel free to vote or abstain. --[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 11:27, 23 December 2022 (UTC)
*{{Support}} as person making the proposal--[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 05:38, 20 December 2022 (UTC)
* Not opposed. I think &quot;at the top&quot; needs to be after an introduction paragraph, and the introduction paragraph needs to mention to see below for detailed explanations. Including &lt;nowiki&gt;__TOC__&lt;/nowiki&gt; above the content would be another or additional approach. -- [[User:Dave Braunschweig|Dave Braunschweig]] ([[User talk:Dave Braunschweig|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dave Braunschweig|contribs]]) 15:22, 20 December 2022 (UTC)
* {{Support}} Seems simpler and I seriously doubt it causes problems.  Sounds like a high-probability net good to me. [[User:Addemf|Addemf]] ([[User talk:Addemf|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Addemf|contribs]]) 19:59, 15 March 2024 (UTC)

== Proposed modifications ==

I proposed the following at https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wikiversity:Colloquium#Expanding_WV%3ADeletions_with_Moving_to_Draft_archive

:&quot;==Moving to Draft archive==
:&quot;A page that meets the criteria for deletion from the main resource namespace that was most likely created in good faith and is not blatant spam should be moved to the &quot;Draft:&quot; namespace instead of being deleted, unless an overriding rationale for deletion prevails such as the page being offensive, copyright violation, spam, and/or so forth. The rational for this is as follows. Not deleting Creating Commons Content created in good faith is fruitful to the Creative Commons as a whole, database storage is not reduced by deleting content, and there is generally no harm moving good faith content to the Draft: namespace. Additionally, whether someone created good faith Creative Commons content (related to teaching, learning, or research) to hone their writing and wiki editing skills, simply to plant the seed of an idea for others to build off of later, or so forth, moving such content to the &quot;Draft:&quot; namespace can give others an opportunity to develop the content later, use the content as food for thought that might spark new, useful, or novel ideas, and/or possibly another creative fruitful intellectual processes related to Creative Commons content creation not described here.

Also, I started [[Template:Draftify]] recently. 

limitless peace [[User:Michael Ten|Michael Ten]] ([[User talk:Michael Ten|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Michael Ten|contribs]]) 17:33, 10 March 2024 (UTC)
: Great suggestion @[[User:Michael Ten|Michael Ten]]. I've lightly revised the current guideline to more clearly incorporate moving content to the user or draft namespace as an option and added the {{tl|draftify}} template (it could also be added to the nutshell). Perhaps, could you review and suggest any further, specific changes? I don't think I'd support going as far as requiring that pages be moved to draft, but I do think we should be highlighting this option. Perhaps also consider how the distinction between {{tl|Pagemove announcement}} and {{tl|draftify}} can be sharpened. Sincerely, James -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 05:50, 11 March 2024 (UTC)
:: Thanks. i was able to see your edits here i think. https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity%3ADeletions&amp;diff=2611619&amp;oldid=2605804 bless up. [[User:Michael Ten|Michael Ten]] ([[User talk:Michael Ten|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Michael Ten|contribs]]) 03:37, 12 March 2024 (UTC)
:::I also support this proposal. From [[Wikiversity_talk:Drafts#policy_and_page_change_suggestion]], it seems that [[User:Addemf]] also supports it. ({{ping|Addemf}} as you can see, our conversations are &quot;all over the place&quot;).  If I count votes, I get 4 votes (Guy, Michael, Jtneill, and Addemf) all unofficially in support.--[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 23:06, 15 March 2024 (UTC)
:::We seem to have polling places all over Wikiversity on this motion.  My latest &quot;unofficial&quot; tally is 3 votes in solidly favor (Guy, Michael, Jtneill) and 2 votes essentially in favor (Dan's is tentative and Addemf is relying on intuition)--[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 15:24, 16 March 2024 (UTC)

== Should  talk-pages be always deleted with their associated page? ==

According to @[[User:Koavf|Koavf]], on Wiktionary talk-pages are usually retained when their associated page is deleted. This makes sense to me, how about others?

See  discussion of this topic at [[Wikiversity:Colloquium#Deletion of talk pages]] [[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] ([[User talk:Ottawahitech|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ottawahitech|contribs]]) 19:57, 31 January 2025 (UTC)

:It's common there due to more involved deletion discussiona and on en.wikt, there are deletion discussions that stay open for several years, which is not true here. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 20:14, 31 January 2025 (UTC)

== Empty resources ==

Should CSD11 be expanded to include empty/blanked resources, a new CSD added, or is there another existing CSD typically used for that case? Glancing at [[Special:Shortpages]]. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 23:54, 31 March 2025 (UTC)

:Agree. I've added &quot;'''Empty page''' which has been blanked or content not developed&quot;. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 01:19, 18 May 2026 (UTC)

== Maybe a change for Proposed deletion (prod)? ==

I suggest we only allow users to remove a PROD template from the article of they provide a reason on the talk page or edit summary:
&lt;!-- Generated using w:en:User:NguoiDungKhongDinhDanh/FormattedEditRequest --&gt;
{| class=&quot;diff diff-editfont-monospace&quot; style=&quot;margin: auto; font-size: small; overflow-wrap: break-word;&quot;
|-
| class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; | Line 35:
| class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; | Line 35:
|-
| class=&quot;diff-context diff-side-deleted&quot; | &lt;nowiki&gt;=== {{anchor|Proposed deletion}}Proposed deletion (prod)===&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| class=&quot;diff-context diff-side-added&quot; | &lt;nowiki&gt;=== {{anchor|Proposed deletion}}Proposed deletion (prod)===&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|-
| class=&quot;diff-context diff-side-deleted&quot; | &lt;nowiki&gt;{{shortcut|WV:PROD|WV:PRD|WV:PD}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| class=&quot;diff-context diff-side-added&quot; | &lt;nowiki&gt;{{shortcut|WV:PROD|WV:PRD|WV:PD}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|-
| class=&quot;diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted&quot; | &lt;nowiki&gt;Resources may be eligible for proposed deletion when education objectives and learning outcomes are scarce, and objections to deletion are unlikely. You may add {{tlxs|prod}} to the top of resources to propose deletion. A custodian may examine the resource after 90 days, and either delete the resource or remove the proposal. Anyone may object by removing the proposed deletion template from the resource, with&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt; or without&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt; an explanation on the resource's discussion page. Anyone still considering that the resource should be deleted may [[#Discussion|discuss deletion]].&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| class=&quot;diff-addedline diff-side-added&quot; | &lt;nowiki&gt;Resources may be eligible for proposed deletion when education objectives and learning outcomes are scarce, and objections to deletion are unlikely. You may add {{tlxs|prod}} to the top of resources to propose deletion. A custodian may examine the resource after 90 days, and either delete the resource or remove the proposal. Anyone may object by removing the proposed deletion template from the resource, with an explanation on the resource's discussion page&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt; or in the edit summary&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;. Anyone still considering that the resource should be deleted may [[#Discussion|discuss deletion]].&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|-
| class=&quot;diff-context diff-side-deleted&quot; | 
| class=&quot;diff-context diff-side-added&quot; | 
|-
| class=&quot;diff-context diff-side-deleted&quot; | &lt;nowiki&gt;== {{anchor|Deletion discussions|Discussion}}How to discuss ==&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| class=&quot;diff-context diff-side-added&quot; | &lt;nowiki&gt;== {{anchor|Deletion discussions|Discussion}}How to discuss ==&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|} [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 01:11, 22 March 2026 (UTC)

:Agree. Done. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 01:25, 18 May 2026 (UTC)

==Changes==
# Moved [[Wikiversity:Deletions]] to [[Wikiversity:Deletion policy]]. Reasons:
## To be consistent with the naming at Wikipedia, Wikibooks, Wikiquote etc.
## No plural
# Changed from guideline to proposed policy
# Changed custodians to support staff
# Cross-edited speedy deletion reasons to be consistent with [[MediaWiki:Deletereason-dropdown]]
# Copyedited
-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 01:40, 18 May 2026 (UTC)

==Proposed policy==
This is now a proposed policy, up for discussion at [[Wikiversity:Colloquium#Wikiversity:Deletion policy proposed as policy]] -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 02:02, 18 May 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>aajhpdl0iyc9ssksez29l0njr99p5ke</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikiversity:Deletion policy</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>5572</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2809965</id>
      <parentid>2710749</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-17T22:50:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>2809965</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="17764" sha1="kkytaa19on2l7r2qd0i6nwfyhcf14hh" xml:space="preserve">{{guideline|WV:D|WV:DEL|WV:DELETE}}
{{nutshell|what=Guideline|While deletion is sometimes permissible when a good reason is given, resources can often blossom when participants are taught good wiki practices and how to implement concrete improvements. These templates are recommended for use by those involved with page deletions:
* '''Speedy delete''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for pages you authored, as well as for pages that clearly don't belong in [[Help:Namespaces|mainspace]]
* '''Proposed deletions''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|prod}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for pages that perhaps should be deleted (or moved to draft or user space) unless they are improved
* '''Deletion requests''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for large projects and difficult decisions
* '''Move to draft or user space''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for research and student efforts (templates and policy guidelines under construction)

'''Don't worry if you use the wrong template!'''  It is far more important that you help than that you pick the &quot;right&quot; template. Moreover, the question of which template to pick is highly subjective. There is usually more than one &quot;right&quot; template.}}

This '''deletion guideline''' explains when and why [[Wikiversity:Custodians|custodians]] may delete and restore resources or specific revisions of a resource. The [[Special:Log/delete|deletion log]] allows anyone to track deletions and restorations at Wikiversity. Deletion removes access while keeping resources and their development histories intact. Access can be restored through undeletion. Deletions and undeletions are discussed at [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]].

== Types of deletion ==
=== Speedy ===
Resources may be subject to speedy deletion when a good reason is given by adding {{tlx|delete|''your good reason''}}. You may [[#Discussion|request community feedback]], or object with or without explanation by removing the speedy deletion suggestion from the resource. Resources may not be subject to speedy deletion when a reasonable objection is made or is likely because participants may be able to learn how to implement concrete improvements when taught appropriate practices.

====Criteria for speedy deletion====
{{shortcut|WV:CSD|WV:DB|WV:SD|WV:SPEEDY}}
A non-exhaustive list of possible reasons custodians may speedy delete resources include:

#'''[[Wikiversity:What is Wikiversity|No educational]]''' objectives or discussion in history. [[Wikiversity:Welcome templates|Welcome users and resources]] when likely to be expanded shortly.
#'''Solicitation''' for products, services, companies, events, people or other things with no educational merit or which generate direct financial benefit to the contributor.
#'''Copyright work''' which do not satisfy [[Foundation:Terms of use|Wikimedia's Terms of Use]].
#'''Resource [[m:transwiki|moved]]''' to another project due to [[Wikiversity:Scope|scope]], or file uploaded to [[commons:|Wikimedia Commons]] with history intact and links fixed.
#'''Author request''' by an only contributor or only substantial contributor, or arising from an expressed consensus of contributors.
#'''[[Wikiversity:Vandalism|Vandalism]]''' and user pages for vandalism-only accounts.
#'''Sandbox''' that tests the wiki software outside user space and [[Wikiversity:Sandbox]].
#'''Discussion''' about deleted resources where context is lost and becoming an independent resource is unlikely.
#'''Repost''' with no concrete improvements to merit keeping.
#'''Archaic redirect''' with no educational histories, no links, and either no appropriate targets or not likely to be searched for.
#'''Empty category''' with no notice suggesting the category may be occasionally empty.
#'''Unused file''' lacking either a license or a source may be deleted one week after uploader is notified.
#'''Reasonable maintenance task''' such as repairing cut-and-paste moves, and moving resources over a redirect.
#'''Serious ethical breach,''' where a resource standing undeleted may cause harm.

=== {{anchor|Proposed deletion}}Proposed deletion (prod)===
{{shortcut|WV:PROD|WV:PRD|WV:PD}}
Resources may be eligible for proposed deletion when education objectives and learning outcomes are scarce, and objections to deletion are unlikely. You may add {{tlxs|prod}} to the top of resources to propose deletion. A custodian may examine the resource after 90 days, and either delete the resource or remove the proposal. Anyone may object by removing the proposed deletion template from the resource, with or without an explanation on the resource's discussion page. Anyone still considering that the resource should be deleted may [[#Discussion|discuss deletion]].

== {{anchor|Deletion discussions|Discussion}}How to discuss ==
You should [[WV:AGF|ask questions and discuss concerns]] with participants, make an effort to [[Wikiversity:Be bold|resolve problems yourself]], and try [[#Alternatives to deletion|alternatives]] as appropriate before suggesting deletion for resources with substantial development histories and contributions from multiple participants. You may ask for guidance and advice, explain what you have done or will do, and discuss options at [[Wikiversity:Requests for deletion]]. Resources are generally kept when a community [[Wikiversity:Consensus|decision]] is inconclusive. Add {{tl|rfd}} to the top of resources to draw attention to the discussion. As a courtesy, you may also notify any participants directly.

Be concise and specific when suggesting solutions, because the preferred outcome is one participants can learn from to implement concrete improvements. On occasion, deletion might be permissible when productivity from a fresh start is likely and concerns relate to Wikiversity's [[Wikiversity:Mission|mission]], [[Wikiversity:Scope|scope]], [[Wikiversity:Process|process]], or [[Wikiversity:Policies|policy]] in some way. If you can raise concerns not addressed by a previous discussion, you may begin a new discussion at [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion|Requests for Deletion]]. Reasonable requests for resources to be restored during discussion are honored, where possible. Please only participate if you are willing to keep an open mind and make an effort to improve resources.

==Alternatives to deletion==
{{shortcut|ATD|WV:ATD}}
[[Wikiversity:Who are Wikiversity participants?|Participants]] can often implement concrete improvements and develop resources further when taught appropriate practices. Possible alternatives to deletion include:

{| style=&quot;border:5px solid #cccccc; border-collapse:separate; border-spacing:1em 1em;&quot;
 |-
 ! What
 ! Solution
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Broken redirects
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Redirect to another appropriate target
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | In a foreign language
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Translate to English, move to target language Wikiversity, or move to [[BetaWikiversity:|Beta Wikiversity]] if there is no Wikiversity in that language 
 |-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Outside learning project's scope
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Merge with another learning project or use to start a new learning project
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Missing or incomplete license information
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Assist user in supplying information, supply it if possible
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Outside of Wikiversity's [[WV:scope|scope]]
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Move to another Wikimedia project or website as appropriate. Some resources may be appropriate in userspace, like personal essays
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Insufficient or unclear
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | If the potential educational value of resources is insufficient or unclear, consider moving to draft or user space 
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Too big or small
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Split big resources into smaller resources or reorganize into subpages. Merge small resources or redirect to a bigger resource.
 |}

Anyone may [[Wikiversity:Be bold|boldly]] implement concrete improvements that reasonably encourages collaborative education, or discuss alternative solutions on a resource's discussion page.

==Deletion templates==
{{center|''This section is still subject to approval by the community.  Visit [[Wikiversity talk:Deletions]] to discuss.''}} 
An effort is underway to provide visitors to Wikiversity with a more satisfying experience by removing resources from mainspace that cannot be directly used by teachers and instructors. Those who wish to volunteer may consider using the following templates:
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt; for ''speedy deletion''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|prod}}&lt;/code&gt; for a ''proposed deletion'' 
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt; for a ''deletion request''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|pagemove announcement}}&lt;/code&gt; informs the editors that their page or resource is likely to be moved to either draftspace or userspace.  Wikiversity is a complex interaction between instructor teaching materials, student efforts, and even research.  There is a (growing?) consensus that mainspace focus on teaching resources.
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|draftify}}&lt;/code&gt; for ''proposed moving to the Draft: namespace''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|draft archive}}&lt;/code&gt; for proposal for '' moving under Draft:Archive/ '' (proposal is under construction)

===Speedy deletion===
*Use &lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{delete|(with optional explanation)}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
Use '''Speedy deletion''' for uncontroversial deletions.  Placing '''&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{delete|&lt;suggested reasons go here ...&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;''' at the top of a page creates this banner:
&lt;!-- THIS TEXT WAS CREATED BY CALLING THE TEMPLATE WITH tlxs--&gt;
{{ambox
|type=speedy
|text=This {{lc:{{NAMESPACE}}}} page may qualify for [[Wikiversity:Deletions|speedy deletion]] because: &lt;suggested reasons go here...&gt;&lt;br/&gt;{{#ifeq:{{{self}}}
|yes
|If you disagree, please remove this notice.&lt;br /&gt;
|If you disagree or intend to fix it, and '''you have not contributed to it before''', you may remove this notice. If you have contributed before and disagree, please explain why on {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}
 |{{TALKSPACE}}
 |this discussion page
 |[[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|the discussion page]]
}}, after adding &lt;span style=&quot;font-family:'Lucida Console', monospace&quot;&gt;{{Tl|hangon}}&lt;/span&gt; to the top of the {{lc:{{NAMESPACE}}}}. This will alert [[Wikiversity:Support staff|curators and custodians]] to your intention, and may permit you the time to write your explanation.  Try to make your explanation more eloquent and less hysterical than the example shown above.
}}

&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;''Before [{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|action=delete}} deleting] check the [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|discussion page]], [[Special:Whatlinkshere/{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|what links here]], [{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|action=history}} history] ([{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|diff=0}} last edit]), the [{{fullurl:Special:Log|page={{SUBJECTPAGENAMEE}}}} page log], and [[Wikiversity:Deletions]]. ''&lt;/span&gt;
}}
&lt;!--Must delete this: [[Category:Candidates for speedy deletion|{{PAGENAME}}]]--&gt;
&lt;!-- Ends the delete demonstration--&gt;

The most common use of ''speedy deletion'' is for pages written by a single author and which include copyright violations, pseudoscientific claims, inappropriate language, advertisements, or slander or other efforts to harass living persons. 

Anything that potentially causes harm should be immediately deleted, and ''speedy deletion'' is the fastest way to nominate a page for removal.  But a ''speedy deletion'' is also the most time-consuming to revert (if the resource actually gets deleted).  A good rule of thumb is never to speedy delete a resource that might be [[wikt:salvable|salvable]] or has had active edits in the past three years. Also, hesitate before you ''speedy delete'' a project or a large number of subpages, as reverting such deletions can be extremely time-consuming.

===Proposed deletion===
*Uses &lt;code&gt;{{tlxs|prod}}&lt;/code&gt;

'''Proposed deletion''' (or &quot;prod&quot;) is for pages that may or may not belong in mainspace. It creates allows editors to debate the deletion on the talk page and ponder other options such as moving to the user or draft namespace.  ''Prod'' draws attention and can result in an effort to improve the resource. ''Prod'' places the discussion about whether to delete on the talk page. ''Prod's'' greatest disadvantage is it causes projects to remain in mainspace until the question is resolved. A simple remedy for this is to move the project into user or draft space until an outcome has been decided. Custodians can move a resource with up to 100 subpages.&lt;ref&gt;Moving a resource with 300 subpages takes about three times as long as moving one with 100 subpages, with the added feature that the moved resources is now required to have 3 top pages (with 100 subpages each)&lt;/ref&gt; To understand how ''proud'' works, suppose that on January 1, 2000 you placed '''{{tlxs|prod}}''' at the top of a page to create this banner:

&lt;!-- THIS TEXT WAS CREATED BY CALLING THE TEMPLATE WITH tlxs--&gt;
{{Ombox
| type  = delete
| image = [[File:Orologio rosso.svg|45x45px|center|No license|link=]]
| text  = Please [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=edit}} help improve] the [[WV:WIW|educational quality]] of this resource to increase [[Wikiversity:Learning|engagement]] by [[Wikiversity:Who are Wikiversity participants?|participants]]. Any concrete improvements made by '''{{#time:F j, Y|January 1, 2000 +90 days}}''' may allow it to be [[WV:PROD|kept]]. &lt;br&gt;
You may remove &lt;nowiki&gt;{{proposed deletion}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; from this resource's source text to contest this proposal, with or without [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|discussion]].
}}

&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;{{#if:  | {{{style}}};}}&quot;&gt;[[Special:PrefixIndex/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|''Link to any subpages this page might have'']]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Ends the tlxs|prod demonstration--&gt;

Note that the deadline for improving the page is 90 days after the template was inserted. This gives editors time to improve the page or defend its virtues.  

'''IMPORTANT:''' The proper venue for all discussions is the [[Help:Talk page|talk page]] of the article under consideration.

===Deletion request===
* Uses &lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;

Use '''Deletion request''' if you think a developed page should be deleted or if the topic is complicated in some way. Begin by placing '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;''' at the top of the page to create:
{{ambox
|image = [[File:User-trash.svg|50x50px|link=]]
|text='''Please [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion#{{FULLPAGENAME}}|share your thoughts]] about whether to [[Wikiversity:Deletions|keep this resource or not]]'''. Resources are likely to remain at Wikiversity when you [[Wikiversity:Be bold|boldly]] address reasonable concerns through concrete improvements. We encourage you to give resources a  chance to receive fair reviews and concrete improvements by keeping nomination notices intact.}}
{{center|[[Special:PrefixIndex/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|''Link to any subpages this page might have'']]}}
{{Shortcut|Deletion request|Dr|DR|Rfd|RfD}} 

Click the words [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion|'''share your thoughts''']] in the box. This will lead to a page called [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]]. Follow the instructions for starting a discussion.  Explain why you think the page should be deleted. Be prepared to engage in discussion about the page's value. At some point the discussion will be closed. Sometimes the decision may be to place the article in [[Wikiversity:Drafts|draft space]] or on a subpage of their [[Help:User page|user page]].
*{{spaces|2}}''See also [[w:Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_democracy|WIKIPEDIA IS NOT A DEMOCRACY]]''

===Pagemove announcement===
*Uses &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{subst:Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
The advantage of moving material into the users or draft namespace is that less time is spent discussing and more time cleaning up. Wikiversity has a limited staff of volunteers, and the quicker decisions are made, the more that can be done. There is a lot of work to do and the work is important. Too many obscure pages in mainspace degrades gives others a bad impression of Wikiversity. On the other hand, people should be encouraged write on Wikiversity about all sorts of topics. The goal is to separate materials recommend for teachers and learners from the discovery, research, and introspection done by Wikiversity users.

A procedure and guidelines for moving mainspace resources into user and draft space is under construction.

'''&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{subst:Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;''' is used to communicate with all the page's main authors' talk pages and looks like this:
{{Robelbox|theme=8|title=Removal of a project from mainspace|width=100%}}
To ''Somebody's username'':

The project '''&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Some page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' has been moved to '''&lt;nowiki&gt;[[User:Somebody's username/Some page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''  

A tentative decision has been made to remove this project from [[Wikiversity:namespaces|mainspace]].  If this move is not under discussion at '''[[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]]''', you may make a request regarding this project at '''[[Wikiversity:Request custodian action]]'''. 

Yours truly, --[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 06:07, 20 December 2022 (UTC)
{{Robelbox/close}}

== See also ==
* [[MediaWiki:Deletereason-dropdown]] - List of common deletion reasons displayed in the deletion interface.
* [[:Category:Candidates for speedy deletion]] - List of current resources suggested for [[#Speedy|speedy deletion]].
* [[:Category:Proposed deletions]] - List of current resources [[#Proposed|proposed]] for deletion.
* [[:Category:Requests for Deletion]] - List of resources with active deletion [[#Discussion|discussions]].

{{Official policies}}
{{Proposed policies}}
{{subpagesif}}
[[Category:Wikiversity deletion]]</text>
      <sha1>kkytaa19on2l7r2qd0i6nwfyhcf14hh</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2809966</id>
      <parentid>2809965</parentid>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Criteria for speedy deletion */</comment>
      <origin>2809966</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="17764" sha1="avebpvf7bk8a4i6g3mkt05fem20gx01" xml:space="preserve">{{guideline|WV:D|WV:DEL|WV:DELETE}}
{{nutshell|what=Guideline|While deletion is sometimes permissible when a good reason is given, resources can often blossom when participants are taught good wiki practices and how to implement concrete improvements. These templates are recommended for use by those involved with page deletions:
* '''Speedy delete''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for pages you authored, as well as for pages that clearly don't belong in [[Help:Namespaces|mainspace]]
* '''Proposed deletions''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|prod}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for pages that perhaps should be deleted (or moved to draft or user space) unless they are improved
* '''Deletion requests''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for large projects and difficult decisions
* '''Move to draft or user space''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for research and student efforts (templates and policy guidelines under construction)

'''Don't worry if you use the wrong template!'''  It is far more important that you help than that you pick the &quot;right&quot; template. Moreover, the question of which template to pick is highly subjective. There is usually more than one &quot;right&quot; template.}}

This '''deletion guideline''' explains when and why [[Wikiversity:Custodians|custodians]] may delete and restore resources or specific revisions of a resource. The [[Special:Log/delete|deletion log]] allows anyone to track deletions and restorations at Wikiversity. Deletion removes access while keeping resources and their development histories intact. Access can be restored through undeletion. Deletions and undeletions are discussed at [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]].

== Types of deletion ==
=== Speedy ===
Resources may be subject to speedy deletion when a good reason is given by adding {{tlx|delete|''your good reason''}}. You may [[#Discussion|request community feedback]], or object with or without explanation by removing the speedy deletion suggestion from the resource. Resources may not be subject to speedy deletion when a reasonable objection is made or is likely because participants may be able to learn how to implement concrete improvements when taught appropriate practices.

====Criteria for speedy deletion====
{{shortcut|WV:CSD|WV:DB|WV:SD|WV:SPEEDY}}
A non-exhaustive list of possible reasons custodians may speedy delete resources include:

#'''[[Wikiversity:What is Wikiversity|No educational objectives]]''' or discussion in history. [[Wikiversity:Welcome templates|Welcome users and resources]] when likely to be expanded shortly.
#'''Solicitation''' for products, services, companies, events, people or other things with no educational merit or which generate direct financial benefit to the contributor.
#'''Copyright work''' which do not satisfy [[Foundation:Terms of use|Wikimedia's Terms of Use]].
#'''Resource [[m:transwiki|moved]]''' to another project due to [[Wikiversity:Scope|scope]], or file uploaded to [[commons:|Wikimedia Commons]] with history intact and links fixed.
#'''Author request''' by an only contributor or only substantial contributor, or arising from an expressed consensus of contributors.
#'''[[Wikiversity:Vandalism|Vandalism]]''' and user pages for vandalism-only accounts.
#'''Sandbox''' that tests the wiki software outside user space and [[Wikiversity:Sandbox]].
#'''Discussion''' about deleted resources where context is lost and becoming an independent resource is unlikely.
#'''Repost''' with no concrete improvements to merit keeping.
#'''Archaic redirect''' with no educational histories, no links, and either no appropriate targets or not likely to be searched for.
#'''Empty category''' with no notice suggesting the category may be occasionally empty.
#'''Unused file''' lacking either a license or a source may be deleted one week after uploader is notified.
#'''Reasonable maintenance task''' such as repairing cut-and-paste moves, and moving resources over a redirect.
#'''Serious ethical breach,''' where a resource standing undeleted may cause harm.

=== {{anchor|Proposed deletion}}Proposed deletion (prod)===
{{shortcut|WV:PROD|WV:PRD|WV:PD}}
Resources may be eligible for proposed deletion when education objectives and learning outcomes are scarce, and objections to deletion are unlikely. You may add {{tlxs|prod}} to the top of resources to propose deletion. A custodian may examine the resource after 90 days, and either delete the resource or remove the proposal. Anyone may object by removing the proposed deletion template from the resource, with or without an explanation on the resource's discussion page. Anyone still considering that the resource should be deleted may [[#Discussion|discuss deletion]].

== {{anchor|Deletion discussions|Discussion}}How to discuss ==
You should [[WV:AGF|ask questions and discuss concerns]] with participants, make an effort to [[Wikiversity:Be bold|resolve problems yourself]], and try [[#Alternatives to deletion|alternatives]] as appropriate before suggesting deletion for resources with substantial development histories and contributions from multiple participants. You may ask for guidance and advice, explain what you have done or will do, and discuss options at [[Wikiversity:Requests for deletion]]. Resources are generally kept when a community [[Wikiversity:Consensus|decision]] is inconclusive. Add {{tl|rfd}} to the top of resources to draw attention to the discussion. As a courtesy, you may also notify any participants directly.

Be concise and specific when suggesting solutions, because the preferred outcome is one participants can learn from to implement concrete improvements. On occasion, deletion might be permissible when productivity from a fresh start is likely and concerns relate to Wikiversity's [[Wikiversity:Mission|mission]], [[Wikiversity:Scope|scope]], [[Wikiversity:Process|process]], or [[Wikiversity:Policies|policy]] in some way. If you can raise concerns not addressed by a previous discussion, you may begin a new discussion at [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion|Requests for Deletion]]. Reasonable requests for resources to be restored during discussion are honored, where possible. Please only participate if you are willing to keep an open mind and make an effort to improve resources.

==Alternatives to deletion==
{{shortcut|ATD|WV:ATD}}
[[Wikiversity:Who are Wikiversity participants?|Participants]] can often implement concrete improvements and develop resources further when taught appropriate practices. Possible alternatives to deletion include:

{| style=&quot;border:5px solid #cccccc; border-collapse:separate; border-spacing:1em 1em;&quot;
 |-
 ! What
 ! Solution
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Broken redirects
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Redirect to another appropriate target
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | In a foreign language
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Translate to English, move to target language Wikiversity, or move to [[BetaWikiversity:|Beta Wikiversity]] if there is no Wikiversity in that language 
 |-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Outside learning project's scope
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Merge with another learning project or use to start a new learning project
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Missing or incomplete license information
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Assist user in supplying information, supply it if possible
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Outside of Wikiversity's [[WV:scope|scope]]
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Move to another Wikimedia project or website as appropriate. Some resources may be appropriate in userspace, like personal essays
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Insufficient or unclear
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | If the potential educational value of resources is insufficient or unclear, consider moving to draft or user space 
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Too big or small
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Split big resources into smaller resources or reorganize into subpages. Merge small resources or redirect to a bigger resource.
 |}

Anyone may [[Wikiversity:Be bold|boldly]] implement concrete improvements that reasonably encourages collaborative education, or discuss alternative solutions on a resource's discussion page.

==Deletion templates==
{{center|''This section is still subject to approval by the community.  Visit [[Wikiversity talk:Deletions]] to discuss.''}} 
An effort is underway to provide visitors to Wikiversity with a more satisfying experience by removing resources from mainspace that cannot be directly used by teachers and instructors. Those who wish to volunteer may consider using the following templates:
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt; for ''speedy deletion''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|prod}}&lt;/code&gt; for a ''proposed deletion'' 
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt; for a ''deletion request''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|pagemove announcement}}&lt;/code&gt; informs the editors that their page or resource is likely to be moved to either draftspace or userspace.  Wikiversity is a complex interaction between instructor teaching materials, student efforts, and even research.  There is a (growing?) consensus that mainspace focus on teaching resources.
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|draftify}}&lt;/code&gt; for ''proposed moving to the Draft: namespace''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|draft archive}}&lt;/code&gt; for proposal for '' moving under Draft:Archive/ '' (proposal is under construction)

===Speedy deletion===
*Use &lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{delete|(with optional explanation)}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
Use '''Speedy deletion''' for uncontroversial deletions.  Placing '''&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{delete|&lt;suggested reasons go here ...&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;''' at the top of a page creates this banner:
&lt;!-- THIS TEXT WAS CREATED BY CALLING THE TEMPLATE WITH tlxs--&gt;
{{ambox
|type=speedy
|text=This {{lc:{{NAMESPACE}}}} page may qualify for [[Wikiversity:Deletions|speedy deletion]] because: &lt;suggested reasons go here...&gt;&lt;br/&gt;{{#ifeq:{{{self}}}
|yes
|If you disagree, please remove this notice.&lt;br /&gt;
|If you disagree or intend to fix it, and '''you have not contributed to it before''', you may remove this notice. If you have contributed before and disagree, please explain why on {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}
 |{{TALKSPACE}}
 |this discussion page
 |[[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|the discussion page]]
}}, after adding &lt;span style=&quot;font-family:'Lucida Console', monospace&quot;&gt;{{Tl|hangon}}&lt;/span&gt; to the top of the {{lc:{{NAMESPACE}}}}. This will alert [[Wikiversity:Support staff|curators and custodians]] to your intention, and may permit you the time to write your explanation.  Try to make your explanation more eloquent and less hysterical than the example shown above.
}}

&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;''Before [{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|action=delete}} deleting] check the [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|discussion page]], [[Special:Whatlinkshere/{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|what links here]], [{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|action=history}} history] ([{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|diff=0}} last edit]), the [{{fullurl:Special:Log|page={{SUBJECTPAGENAMEE}}}} page log], and [[Wikiversity:Deletions]]. ''&lt;/span&gt;
}}
&lt;!--Must delete this: [[Category:Candidates for speedy deletion|{{PAGENAME}}]]--&gt;
&lt;!-- Ends the delete demonstration--&gt;

The most common use of ''speedy deletion'' is for pages written by a single author and which include copyright violations, pseudoscientific claims, inappropriate language, advertisements, or slander or other efforts to harass living persons. 

Anything that potentially causes harm should be immediately deleted, and ''speedy deletion'' is the fastest way to nominate a page for removal.  But a ''speedy deletion'' is also the most time-consuming to revert (if the resource actually gets deleted).  A good rule of thumb is never to speedy delete a resource that might be [[wikt:salvable|salvable]] or has had active edits in the past three years. Also, hesitate before you ''speedy delete'' a project or a large number of subpages, as reverting such deletions can be extremely time-consuming.

===Proposed deletion===
*Uses &lt;code&gt;{{tlxs|prod}}&lt;/code&gt;

'''Proposed deletion''' (or &quot;prod&quot;) is for pages that may or may not belong in mainspace. It creates allows editors to debate the deletion on the talk page and ponder other options such as moving to the user or draft namespace.  ''Prod'' draws attention and can result in an effort to improve the resource. ''Prod'' places the discussion about whether to delete on the talk page. ''Prod's'' greatest disadvantage is it causes projects to remain in mainspace until the question is resolved. A simple remedy for this is to move the project into user or draft space until an outcome has been decided. Custodians can move a resource with up to 100 subpages.&lt;ref&gt;Moving a resource with 300 subpages takes about three times as long as moving one with 100 subpages, with the added feature that the moved resources is now required to have 3 top pages (with 100 subpages each)&lt;/ref&gt; To understand how ''proud'' works, suppose that on January 1, 2000 you placed '''{{tlxs|prod}}''' at the top of a page to create this banner:

&lt;!-- THIS TEXT WAS CREATED BY CALLING THE TEMPLATE WITH tlxs--&gt;
{{Ombox
| type  = delete
| image = [[File:Orologio rosso.svg|45x45px|center|No license|link=]]
| text  = Please [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=edit}} help improve] the [[WV:WIW|educational quality]] of this resource to increase [[Wikiversity:Learning|engagement]] by [[Wikiversity:Who are Wikiversity participants?|participants]]. Any concrete improvements made by '''{{#time:F j, Y|January 1, 2000 +90 days}}''' may allow it to be [[WV:PROD|kept]]. &lt;br&gt;
You may remove &lt;nowiki&gt;{{proposed deletion}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; from this resource's source text to contest this proposal, with or without [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|discussion]].
}}

&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;{{#if:  | {{{style}}};}}&quot;&gt;[[Special:PrefixIndex/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|''Link to any subpages this page might have'']]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Ends the tlxs|prod demonstration--&gt;

Note that the deadline for improving the page is 90 days after the template was inserted. This gives editors time to improve the page or defend its virtues.  

'''IMPORTANT:''' The proper venue for all discussions is the [[Help:Talk page|talk page]] of the article under consideration.

===Deletion request===
* Uses &lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;

Use '''Deletion request''' if you think a developed page should be deleted or if the topic is complicated in some way. Begin by placing '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;''' at the top of the page to create:
{{ambox
|image = [[File:User-trash.svg|50x50px|link=]]
|text='''Please [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion#{{FULLPAGENAME}}|share your thoughts]] about whether to [[Wikiversity:Deletions|keep this resource or not]]'''. Resources are likely to remain at Wikiversity when you [[Wikiversity:Be bold|boldly]] address reasonable concerns through concrete improvements. We encourage you to give resources a  chance to receive fair reviews and concrete improvements by keeping nomination notices intact.}}
{{center|[[Special:PrefixIndex/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|''Link to any subpages this page might have'']]}}
{{Shortcut|Deletion request|Dr|DR|Rfd|RfD}} 

Click the words [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion|'''share your thoughts''']] in the box. This will lead to a page called [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]]. Follow the instructions for starting a discussion.  Explain why you think the page should be deleted. Be prepared to engage in discussion about the page's value. At some point the discussion will be closed. Sometimes the decision may be to place the article in [[Wikiversity:Drafts|draft space]] or on a subpage of their [[Help:User page|user page]].
*{{spaces|2}}''See also [[w:Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_democracy|WIKIPEDIA IS NOT A DEMOCRACY]]''

===Pagemove announcement===
*Uses &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{subst:Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
The advantage of moving material into the users or draft namespace is that less time is spent discussing and more time cleaning up. Wikiversity has a limited staff of volunteers, and the quicker decisions are made, the more that can be done. There is a lot of work to do and the work is important. Too many obscure pages in mainspace degrades gives others a bad impression of Wikiversity. On the other hand, people should be encouraged write on Wikiversity about all sorts of topics. The goal is to separate materials recommend for teachers and learners from the discovery, research, and introspection done by Wikiversity users.

A procedure and guidelines for moving mainspace resources into user and draft space is under construction.

'''&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{subst:Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;''' is used to communicate with all the page's main authors' talk pages and looks like this:
{{Robelbox|theme=8|title=Removal of a project from mainspace|width=100%}}
To ''Somebody's username'':

The project '''&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Some page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' has been moved to '''&lt;nowiki&gt;[[User:Somebody's username/Some page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''  

A tentative decision has been made to remove this project from [[Wikiversity:namespaces|mainspace]].  If this move is not under discussion at '''[[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]]''', you may make a request regarding this project at '''[[Wikiversity:Request custodian action]]'''. 

Yours truly, --[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 06:07, 20 December 2022 (UTC)
{{Robelbox/close}}

== See also ==
* [[MediaWiki:Deletereason-dropdown]] - List of common deletion reasons displayed in the deletion interface.
* [[:Category:Candidates for speedy deletion]] - List of current resources suggested for [[#Speedy|speedy deletion]].
* [[:Category:Proposed deletions]] - List of current resources [[#Proposed|proposed]] for deletion.
* [[:Category:Requests for Deletion]] - List of resources with active deletion [[#Discussion|discussions]].

{{Official policies}}
{{Proposed policies}}
{{subpagesif}}
[[Category:Wikiversity deletion]]</text>
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{{nutshell|what=Guideline|While deletion is sometimes permissible when a good reason is given, resources can often blossom when participants are taught good wiki practices and how to implement concrete improvements. These templates are recommended for use by those involved with page deletions:
* '''Speedy delete''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for pages you authored, as well as for pages that clearly don't belong in [[Help:Namespaces|mainspace]]
* '''Proposed deletions''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|prod}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for pages that perhaps should be deleted (or moved to draft or user space) unless they are improved
* '''Deletion requests''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for large projects and difficult decisions
* '''Move to draft or user space''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for research and student efforts (templates and policy guidelines under construction)

'''Don't worry if you use the wrong template!'''  It is far more important that you help than that you pick the &quot;right&quot; template. Moreover, the question of which template to pick is highly subjective. There is usually more than one &quot;right&quot; template.}}

This '''deletion guideline''' explains when and why [[Wikiversity:Custodians|custodians]] may delete and restore resources or specific revisions of a resource. The [[Special:Log/delete|deletion log]] allows anyone to track deletions and restorations at Wikiversity. Deletion removes access while keeping resources and their development histories intact. Access can be restored through undeletion. Deletions and undeletions are discussed at [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]].

== Types of deletion ==
=== Speedy ===
Resources may be subject to speedy deletion when a good reason is given by adding {{tlx|delete|''your good reason''}}. You may [[#Discussion|request community feedback]], or object with or without explanation by removing the speedy deletion suggestion from the resource. Resources may not be subject to speedy deletion when a reasonable objection is made or is likely because participants may be able to learn how to implement concrete improvements when taught appropriate practices.

====Criteria for speedy deletion====
{{shortcut|WV:CSD|WV:DB|WV:SD|WV:SPEEDY}}
A non-exhaustive list of possible reasons custodians may speedy delete resources include:

#'''[[Wikiversity:What is Wikiversity|No educational objectives]]''' or discussion in history. [[Wikiversity:Welcome templates|Welcome users and resources]] when likely to be expanded shortly.
#'''Solicitation''' for products, services, companies, events, people or other things with no educational merit or which generate direct financial benefit to the contributor.
#'''Copyright work''' which do not satisfy [[Foundation:Terms of use|Wikimedia's Terms of Use]].
#'''Resource [[m:transwiki|moved]]''' to another project due to [[Wikiversity:Scope|scope]], or file uploaded to [[commons:|Wikimedia Commons]] with history intact and links fixed.
#'''Author request''' by an only contributor or only substantial contributor, or arising from an expressed consensus of contributors.
#'''[[Wikiversity:Vandalism|Vandalism]]''' and user pages for vandalism-only accounts.
#'''Sandbox''' that tests the wiki software outside user space and [[Wikiversity:Sandbox]].
#'''Discussion''' about deleted resources where context is lost and becoming an independent resource is unlikely.
#'''Repost''' with no concrete improvements to merit keeping.
#'''Archaic redirect''' with no educational histories, no links, and either no appropriate targets or not likely to be searched for.
#'''Empty category''' with no notice suggesting the category may be occasionally empty.
#'''Unused file''' lacking either a license or a source may be deleted one week after uploader is notified.
#'''Reasonable maintenance task''' such as repairing cut-and-paste moves, and moving resources over a redirect.
#'''Serious ethical breach,''' where a resource standing undeleted may cause harm.

=== {{anchor|Proposed deletion}}Proposed deletion (prod)===
{{shortcut|WV:PROD|WV:PRD|WV:PD}}
Resources may be eligible for proposed deletion when education objectives and learning outcomes are scarce, and objections to deletion are unlikely. You may add {{tlxs|prod}} to the top of resources to propose deletion. A custodian may examine the resource after 90 days, and either delete the resource or remove the proposal. Anyone may object by removing the proposed deletion template from the resource, with or without an explanation on the resource's discussion page. Anyone still considering that the resource should be deleted may [[#Discussion|discuss deletion]].

== {{anchor|Deletion discussions|Discussion}}How to discuss ==
You should [[WV:AGF|ask questions and discuss concerns]] with participants, make an effort to [[Wikiversity:Be bold|resolve problems yourself]], and try [[#Alternatives to deletion|alternatives]] as appropriate before suggesting deletion for resources with substantial development histories and contributions from multiple participants. You may ask for guidance and advice, explain what you have done or will do, and discuss options at [[Wikiversity:Requests for deletion]]. Resources are generally kept when a community [[Wikiversity:Consensus|decision]] is inconclusive. Add {{tl|rfd}} to the top of resources to draw attention to the discussion. As a courtesy, you may also notify any participants directly.

Be concise and specific when suggesting solutions, because the preferred outcome is one participants can learn from to implement concrete improvements. On occasion, deletion might be permissible when productivity from a fresh start is likely and concerns relate to Wikiversity's [[Wikiversity:Mission|mission]], [[Wikiversity:Scope|scope]], [[Wikiversity:Process|process]], or [[Wikiversity:Policies|policy]] in some way. If you can raise concerns not addressed by a previous discussion, you may begin a new discussion at [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion|Requests for Deletion]]. Reasonable requests for resources to be restored during discussion are honored, where possible. Please only participate if you are willing to keep an open mind and make an effort to improve resources.

==Alternatives to deletion==
{{shortcut|ATD|WV:ATD}}
[[Wikiversity:Who are Wikiversity participants?|Participants]] can often implement concrete improvements and develop resources further when taught appropriate practices. Possible alternatives to deletion include:

{| style=&quot;border:5px solid #cccccc; border-collapse:separate; border-spacing:1em 1em;&quot;
 |-
 ! What
 ! Solution
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Broken redirects
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Redirect to another appropriate target
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | In a foreign language
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Translate to English, move to target language Wikiversity, or move to [[BetaWikiversity:|Beta Wikiversity]] if there is no Wikiversity in that language 
 |-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Outside learning project's scope
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Merge with another learning project or use to start a new learning project
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Missing or incomplete license information
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Assist user in supplying information, supply it if possible
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Outside of Wikiversity's [[WV:scope|scope]]
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Move to another Wikimedia project or website as appropriate. Some resources may be appropriate in userspace, like personal essays
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Insufficient or unclear
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | If the potential educational value of resources is insufficient or unclear, consider moving to draft or user space 
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Too big or small
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Split big resources into smaller resources or reorganize into subpages. Merge small resources or redirect to a bigger resource.
 |}

Anyone may [[Wikiversity:Be bold|boldly]] implement concrete improvements that reasonably encourages collaborative education, or discuss alternative solutions on a resource's discussion page.

==Deletion templates==
{{center|''This section is still subject to approval by the community.  Visit [[Wikiversity talk:Deletions]] to discuss.''}} 
Remove resources from mainspace that cannot be directly used by teachers and instructors by using the following templates:
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt; for ''speedy deletion''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|prod}}&lt;/code&gt; for a ''proposed deletion'' 
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt; for a ''deletion request''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|pagemove announcement}}&lt;/code&gt; informs the editors that their page or resource is likely to be moved to either draftspace or userspace.  Wikiversity is a complex interaction between instructor teaching materials, student efforts, and even research.  There is a (growing?) consensus that mainspace focus on teaching resources.
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|draftify}}&lt;/code&gt; for ''proposed moving to the Draft: namespace''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|draft archive}}&lt;/code&gt; for proposal for '' moving under Draft:Archive/ '' (proposal is under construction)

===Speedy deletion===
*Use &lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{delete|(with optional explanation)}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
Use '''Speedy deletion''' for uncontroversial deletions.  Placing '''&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{delete|&lt;suggested reasons go here ...&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;''' at the top of a page creates this banner:
&lt;!-- THIS TEXT WAS CREATED BY CALLING THE TEMPLATE WITH tlxs--&gt;
{{ambox
|type=speedy
|text=This {{lc:{{NAMESPACE}}}} page may qualify for [[Wikiversity:Deletions|speedy deletion]] because: &lt;suggested reasons go here...&gt;&lt;br/&gt;{{#ifeq:{{{self}}}
|yes
|If you disagree, please remove this notice.&lt;br /&gt;
|If you disagree or intend to fix it, and '''you have not contributed to it before''', you may remove this notice. If you have contributed before and disagree, please explain why on {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}
 |{{TALKSPACE}}
 |this discussion page
 |[[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|the discussion page]]
}}, after adding &lt;span style=&quot;font-family:'Lucida Console', monospace&quot;&gt;{{Tl|hangon}}&lt;/span&gt; to the top of the {{lc:{{NAMESPACE}}}}. This will alert [[Wikiversity:Support staff|curators and custodians]] to your intention, and may permit you the time to write your explanation.  Try to make your explanation more eloquent and less hysterical than the example shown above.
}}

&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;''Before [{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|action=delete}} deleting] check the [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|discussion page]], [[Special:Whatlinkshere/{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|what links here]], [{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|action=history}} history] ([{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|diff=0}} last edit]), the [{{fullurl:Special:Log|page={{SUBJECTPAGENAMEE}}}} page log], and [[Wikiversity:Deletions]]. ''&lt;/span&gt;
}}
&lt;!--Must delete this: [[Category:Candidates for speedy deletion|{{PAGENAME}}]]--&gt;
&lt;!-- Ends the delete demonstration--&gt;

The most common use of ''speedy deletion'' is for pages written by a single author and which include copyright violations, pseudoscientific claims, inappropriate language, advertisements, or slander or other efforts to harass living persons. 

Anything that potentially causes harm should be immediately deleted, and ''speedy deletion'' is the fastest way to nominate a page for removal.  But a ''speedy deletion'' is also the most time-consuming to revert (if the resource actually gets deleted).  A good rule of thumb is never to speedy delete a resource that might be [[wikt:salvable|salvable]] or has had active edits in the past three years. Also, hesitate before you ''speedy delete'' a project or a large number of subpages, as reverting such deletions can be extremely time-consuming.

===Proposed deletion===
*Uses &lt;code&gt;{{tlxs|prod}}&lt;/code&gt;

'''Proposed deletion''' (or &quot;prod&quot;) is for pages that may or may not belong in mainspace. It creates allows editors to debate the deletion on the talk page and ponder other options such as moving to the user or draft namespace.  ''Prod'' draws attention and can result in an effort to improve the resource. ''Prod'' places the discussion about whether to delete on the talk page. ''Prod's'' greatest disadvantage is it causes projects to remain in mainspace until the question is resolved. A simple remedy for this is to move the project into user or draft space until an outcome has been decided. Custodians can move a resource with up to 100 subpages.&lt;ref&gt;Moving a resource with 300 subpages takes about three times as long as moving one with 100 subpages, with the added feature that the moved resources is now required to have 3 top pages (with 100 subpages each)&lt;/ref&gt; To understand how ''proud'' works, suppose that on January 1, 2000 you placed '''{{tlxs|prod}}''' at the top of a page to create this banner:

&lt;!-- THIS TEXT WAS CREATED BY CALLING THE TEMPLATE WITH tlxs--&gt;
{{Ombox
| type  = delete
| image = [[File:Orologio rosso.svg|45x45px|center|No license|link=]]
| text  = Please [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=edit}} help improve] the [[WV:WIW|educational quality]] of this resource to increase [[Wikiversity:Learning|engagement]] by [[Wikiversity:Who are Wikiversity participants?|participants]]. Any concrete improvements made by '''{{#time:F j, Y|January 1, 2000 +90 days}}''' may allow it to be [[WV:PROD|kept]]. &lt;br&gt;
You may remove &lt;nowiki&gt;{{proposed deletion}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; from this resource's source text to contest this proposal, with or without [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|discussion]].
}}

&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;{{#if:  | {{{style}}};}}&quot;&gt;[[Special:PrefixIndex/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|''Link to any subpages this page might have'']]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Ends the tlxs|prod demonstration--&gt;

Note that the deadline for improving the page is 90 days after the template was inserted. This gives editors time to improve the page or defend its virtues.  

'''IMPORTANT:''' The proper venue for all discussions is the [[Help:Talk page|talk page]] of the article under consideration.

===Deletion request===
* Uses &lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;

Use '''Deletion request''' if you think a developed page should be deleted or if the topic is complicated in some way. Begin by placing '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;''' at the top of the page to create:
{{ambox
|image = [[File:User-trash.svg|50x50px|link=]]
|text='''Please [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion#{{FULLPAGENAME}}|share your thoughts]] about whether to [[Wikiversity:Deletions|keep this resource or not]]'''. Resources are likely to remain at Wikiversity when you [[Wikiversity:Be bold|boldly]] address reasonable concerns through concrete improvements. We encourage you to give resources a  chance to receive fair reviews and concrete improvements by keeping nomination notices intact.}}
{{center|[[Special:PrefixIndex/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|''Link to any subpages this page might have'']]}}
{{Shortcut|Deletion request|Dr|DR|Rfd|RfD}} 

Click the words [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion|'''share your thoughts''']] in the box. This will lead to a page called [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]]. Follow the instructions for starting a discussion.  Explain why you think the page should be deleted. Be prepared to engage in discussion about the page's value. At some point the discussion will be closed. Sometimes the decision may be to place the article in [[Wikiversity:Drafts|draft space]] or on a subpage of their [[Help:User page|user page]].
*{{spaces|2}}''See also [[w:Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_democracy|WIKIPEDIA IS NOT A DEMOCRACY]]''

===Pagemove announcement===
*Uses &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{subst:Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
The advantage of moving material into the users or draft namespace is that less time is spent discussing and more time cleaning up. Wikiversity has a limited staff of volunteers, and the quicker decisions are made, the more that can be done. There is a lot of work to do and the work is important. Too many obscure pages in mainspace degrades gives others a bad impression of Wikiversity. On the other hand, people should be encouraged write on Wikiversity about all sorts of topics. The goal is to separate materials recommend for teachers and learners from the discovery, research, and introspection done by Wikiversity users.

A procedure and guidelines for moving mainspace resources into user and draft space is under construction.

'''&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{subst:Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;''' is used to communicate with all the page's main authors' talk pages and looks like this:
{{Robelbox|theme=8|title=Removal of a project from mainspace|width=100%}}
To ''Somebody's username'':

The project '''&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Some page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' has been moved to '''&lt;nowiki&gt;[[User:Somebody's username/Some page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''  

A tentative decision has been made to remove this project from [[Wikiversity:namespaces|mainspace]].  If this move is not under discussion at '''[[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]]''', you may make a request regarding this project at '''[[Wikiversity:Request custodian action]]'''. 

Yours truly, --[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 06:07, 20 December 2022 (UTC)
{{Robelbox/close}}

== See also ==
* [[MediaWiki:Deletereason-dropdown]] - List of common deletion reasons displayed in the deletion interface.
* [[:Category:Candidates for speedy deletion]] - List of current resources suggested for [[#Speedy|speedy deletion]].
* [[:Category:Proposed deletions]] - List of current resources [[#Proposed|proposed]] for deletion.
* [[:Category:Requests for Deletion]] - List of resources with active deletion [[#Discussion|discussions]].

{{Official policies}}
{{Proposed policies}}
{{subpagesif}}
[[Category:Wikiversity deletion]]</text>
      <sha1>ltpwvzltgwwb23a0jazd4n92f0vbthb</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2809968</id>
      <parentid>2809967</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-17T22:55:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Proposed deletion */</comment>
      <origin>2809968</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="17628" sha1="eqfu3vbhqctpfjuw2zsnmfqwkxh6rzh" xml:space="preserve">{{guideline|WV:D|WV:DEL|WV:DELETE}}
{{nutshell|what=Guideline|While deletion is sometimes permissible when a good reason is given, resources can often blossom when participants are taught good wiki practices and how to implement concrete improvements. These templates are recommended for use by those involved with page deletions:
* '''Speedy delete''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for pages you authored, as well as for pages that clearly don't belong in [[Help:Namespaces|mainspace]]
* '''Proposed deletions''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|prod}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for pages that perhaps should be deleted (or moved to draft or user space) unless they are improved
* '''Deletion requests''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for large projects and difficult decisions
* '''Move to draft or user space''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for research and student efforts (templates and policy guidelines under construction)

'''Don't worry if you use the wrong template!'''  It is far more important that you help than that you pick the &quot;right&quot; template. Moreover, the question of which template to pick is highly subjective. There is usually more than one &quot;right&quot; template.}}

This '''deletion guideline''' explains when and why [[Wikiversity:Custodians|custodians]] may delete and restore resources or specific revisions of a resource. The [[Special:Log/delete|deletion log]] allows anyone to track deletions and restorations at Wikiversity. Deletion removes access while keeping resources and their development histories intact. Access can be restored through undeletion. Deletions and undeletions are discussed at [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]].

== Types of deletion ==
=== Speedy ===
Resources may be subject to speedy deletion when a good reason is given by adding {{tlx|delete|''your good reason''}}. You may [[#Discussion|request community feedback]], or object with or without explanation by removing the speedy deletion suggestion from the resource. Resources may not be subject to speedy deletion when a reasonable objection is made or is likely because participants may be able to learn how to implement concrete improvements when taught appropriate practices.

====Criteria for speedy deletion====
{{shortcut|WV:CSD|WV:DB|WV:SD|WV:SPEEDY}}
A non-exhaustive list of possible reasons custodians may speedy delete resources include:

#'''[[Wikiversity:What is Wikiversity|No educational objectives]]''' or discussion in history. [[Wikiversity:Welcome templates|Welcome users and resources]] when likely to be expanded shortly.
#'''Solicitation''' for products, services, companies, events, people or other things with no educational merit or which generate direct financial benefit to the contributor.
#'''Copyright work''' which do not satisfy [[Foundation:Terms of use|Wikimedia's Terms of Use]].
#'''Resource [[m:transwiki|moved]]''' to another project due to [[Wikiversity:Scope|scope]], or file uploaded to [[commons:|Wikimedia Commons]] with history intact and links fixed.
#'''Author request''' by an only contributor or only substantial contributor, or arising from an expressed consensus of contributors.
#'''[[Wikiversity:Vandalism|Vandalism]]''' and user pages for vandalism-only accounts.
#'''Sandbox''' that tests the wiki software outside user space and [[Wikiversity:Sandbox]].
#'''Discussion''' about deleted resources where context is lost and becoming an independent resource is unlikely.
#'''Repost''' with no concrete improvements to merit keeping.
#'''Archaic redirect''' with no educational histories, no links, and either no appropriate targets or not likely to be searched for.
#'''Empty category''' with no notice suggesting the category may be occasionally empty.
#'''Unused file''' lacking either a license or a source may be deleted one week after uploader is notified.
#'''Reasonable maintenance task''' such as repairing cut-and-paste moves, and moving resources over a redirect.
#'''Serious ethical breach,''' where a resource standing undeleted may cause harm.

=== {{anchor|Proposed deletion}}Proposed deletion (prod)===
{{shortcut|WV:PROD|WV:PRD|WV:PD}}
Resources may be eligible for proposed deletion when education objectives and learning outcomes are scarce, and objections to deletion are unlikely. You may add {{tlxs|prod}} to the top of resources to propose deletion. A custodian may examine the resource after 90 days, and either delete the resource or remove the proposal. Anyone may object by removing the proposed deletion template from the resource, with or without an explanation on the resource's discussion page. Anyone still considering that the resource should be deleted may [[#Discussion|discuss deletion]].

== {{anchor|Deletion discussions|Discussion}}How to discuss ==
You should [[WV:AGF|ask questions and discuss concerns]] with participants, make an effort to [[Wikiversity:Be bold|resolve problems yourself]], and try [[#Alternatives to deletion|alternatives]] as appropriate before suggesting deletion for resources with substantial development histories and contributions from multiple participants. You may ask for guidance and advice, explain what you have done or will do, and discuss options at [[Wikiversity:Requests for deletion]]. Resources are generally kept when a community [[Wikiversity:Consensus|decision]] is inconclusive. Add {{tl|rfd}} to the top of resources to draw attention to the discussion. As a courtesy, you may also notify any participants directly.

Be concise and specific when suggesting solutions, because the preferred outcome is one participants can learn from to implement concrete improvements. On occasion, deletion might be permissible when productivity from a fresh start is likely and concerns relate to Wikiversity's [[Wikiversity:Mission|mission]], [[Wikiversity:Scope|scope]], [[Wikiversity:Process|process]], or [[Wikiversity:Policies|policy]] in some way. If you can raise concerns not addressed by a previous discussion, you may begin a new discussion at [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion|Requests for Deletion]]. Reasonable requests for resources to be restored during discussion are honored, where possible. Please only participate if you are willing to keep an open mind and make an effort to improve resources.

==Alternatives to deletion==
{{shortcut|ATD|WV:ATD}}
[[Wikiversity:Who are Wikiversity participants?|Participants]] can often implement concrete improvements and develop resources further when taught appropriate practices. Possible alternatives to deletion include:

{| style=&quot;border:5px solid #cccccc; border-collapse:separate; border-spacing:1em 1em;&quot;
 |-
 ! What
 ! Solution
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Broken redirects
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Redirect to another appropriate target
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | In a foreign language
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Translate to English, move to target language Wikiversity, or move to [[BetaWikiversity:|Beta Wikiversity]] if there is no Wikiversity in that language 
 |-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Outside learning project's scope
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Merge with another learning project or use to start a new learning project
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Missing or incomplete license information
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Assist user in supplying information, supply it if possible
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Outside of Wikiversity's [[WV:scope|scope]]
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Move to another Wikimedia project or website as appropriate. Some resources may be appropriate in userspace, like personal essays
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Insufficient or unclear
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | If the potential educational value of resources is insufficient or unclear, consider moving to draft or user space 
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Too big or small
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Split big resources into smaller resources or reorganize into subpages. Merge small resources or redirect to a bigger resource.
 |}

Anyone may [[Wikiversity:Be bold|boldly]] implement concrete improvements that reasonably encourages collaborative education, or discuss alternative solutions on a resource's discussion page.

==Deletion templates==
{{center|''This section is still subject to approval by the community.  Visit [[Wikiversity talk:Deletions]] to discuss.''}} 
Remove resources from mainspace that cannot be directly used by teachers and instructors by using the following templates:
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt; for ''speedy deletion''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|prod}}&lt;/code&gt; for a ''proposed deletion'' 
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt; for a ''deletion request''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|pagemove announcement}}&lt;/code&gt; informs the editors that their page or resource is likely to be moved to either draftspace or userspace.  Wikiversity is a complex interaction between instructor teaching materials, student efforts, and even research.  There is a (growing?) consensus that mainspace focus on teaching resources.
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|draftify}}&lt;/code&gt; for ''proposed moving to the Draft: namespace''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|draft archive}}&lt;/code&gt; for proposal for '' moving under Draft:Archive/ '' (proposal is under construction)

===Speedy deletion===
*Use &lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{delete|(with optional explanation)}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
Use '''Speedy deletion''' for uncontroversial deletions.  Placing '''&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{delete|&lt;suggested reasons go here ...&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;''' at the top of a page creates this banner:
&lt;!-- THIS TEXT WAS CREATED BY CALLING THE TEMPLATE WITH tlxs--&gt;
{{ambox
|type=speedy
|text=This {{lc:{{NAMESPACE}}}} page may qualify for [[Wikiversity:Deletions|speedy deletion]] because: &lt;suggested reasons go here...&gt;&lt;br/&gt;{{#ifeq:{{{self}}}
|yes
|If you disagree, please remove this notice.&lt;br /&gt;
|If you disagree or intend to fix it, and '''you have not contributed to it before''', you may remove this notice. If you have contributed before and disagree, please explain why on {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}
 |{{TALKSPACE}}
 |this discussion page
 |[[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|the discussion page]]
}}, after adding &lt;span style=&quot;font-family:'Lucida Console', monospace&quot;&gt;{{Tl|hangon}}&lt;/span&gt; to the top of the {{lc:{{NAMESPACE}}}}. This will alert [[Wikiversity:Support staff|curators and custodians]] to your intention, and may permit you the time to write your explanation.  Try to make your explanation more eloquent and less hysterical than the example shown above.
}}

&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;''Before [{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|action=delete}} deleting] check the [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|discussion page]], [[Special:Whatlinkshere/{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|what links here]], [{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|action=history}} history] ([{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|diff=0}} last edit]), the [{{fullurl:Special:Log|page={{SUBJECTPAGENAMEE}}}} page log], and [[Wikiversity:Deletions]]. ''&lt;/span&gt;
}}
&lt;!--Must delete this: [[Category:Candidates for speedy deletion|{{PAGENAME}}]]--&gt;
&lt;!-- Ends the delete demonstration--&gt;

The most common use of ''speedy deletion'' is for pages written by a single author and which include copyright violations, pseudoscientific claims, inappropriate language, advertisements, or slander or other efforts to harass living persons. 

Anything that potentially causes harm should be immediately deleted, and ''speedy deletion'' is the fastest way to nominate a page for removal.  But a ''speedy deletion'' is also the most time-consuming to revert (if the resource actually gets deleted).  A good rule of thumb is never to speedy delete a resource that might be [[wikt:salvable|salvable]] or has had active edits in the past three years. Also, hesitate before you ''speedy delete'' a project or a large number of subpages, as reverting such deletions can be extremely time-consuming.

===Proposed deletion===
*Uses &lt;code&gt;{{tlxs|prod}}&lt;/code&gt;

'''Proposed deletion''' (or &quot;prod&quot;) is for pages that may or may not belong in mainspace. It creates allows editors to debate the deletion on the talk page and ponder other options such as moving to the user or draft namespace.  ''Prod'' draws attention and can result in an effort to improve the resource. ''Prod'' places the discussion about whether to delete on the talk page. ''Prod's'' greatest disadvantage is it causes projects to remain in mainspace until the question is resolved. A simple remedy for this is to move the project into user or draft space until an outcome has been decided. Custodians can move a resource with up to 100 subpages.&lt;ref&gt;Moving a resource with 300 subpages takes about three times as long as moving one with 100 subpages, with the added feature that the moved resources is now required to have 3 top pages (with 100 subpages each)&lt;/ref&gt; To understand how ''prod'' works, suppose that on January 1, 2000 you placed '''{{tlxs|prod}}''' at the top of a page to create this banner:

&lt;!-- THIS TEXT WAS CREATED BY CALLING THE TEMPLATE WITH tlxs--&gt;
{{Ombox
| type  = delete
| image = [[File:Orologio rosso.svg|45x45px|center|No license|link=]]
| text  = Please [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=edit}} help improve] the [[WV:WIW|educational quality]] of this resource to increase [[Wikiversity:Learning|engagement]] by [[Wikiversity:Who are Wikiversity participants?|participants]]. Any concrete improvements made by '''{{#time:F j, Y|January 1, 2000 +90 days}}''' may allow it to be [[WV:PROD|kept]]. &lt;br&gt;
You may remove &lt;nowiki&gt;{{proposed deletion}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; from this resource's source text to contest this proposal, with or without [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|discussion]].
}}

&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;{{#if:  | {{{style}}};}}&quot;&gt;[[Special:PrefixIndex/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|''Link to any subpages this page might have'']]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Ends the tlxs|prod demonstration--&gt;

Note that the deadline for improving the page is 90 days after the template was inserted. This gives editors time to improve the page or defend its virtues.  

'''IMPORTANT:''' The proper venue for all discussions is the [[Help:Talk page|talk page]] of the article under consideration.

===Deletion request===
* Uses &lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;

Use '''Deletion request''' if you think a developed page should be deleted or if the topic is complicated in some way. Begin by placing '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;''' at the top of the page to create:
{{ambox
|image = [[File:User-trash.svg|50x50px|link=]]
|text='''Please [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion#{{FULLPAGENAME}}|share your thoughts]] about whether to [[Wikiversity:Deletions|keep this resource or not]]'''. Resources are likely to remain at Wikiversity when you [[Wikiversity:Be bold|boldly]] address reasonable concerns through concrete improvements. We encourage you to give resources a  chance to receive fair reviews and concrete improvements by keeping nomination notices intact.}}
{{center|[[Special:PrefixIndex/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|''Link to any subpages this page might have'']]}}
{{Shortcut|Deletion request|Dr|DR|Rfd|RfD}} 

Click the words [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion|'''share your thoughts''']] in the box. This will lead to a page called [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]]. Follow the instructions for starting a discussion.  Explain why you think the page should be deleted. Be prepared to engage in discussion about the page's value. At some point the discussion will be closed. Sometimes the decision may be to place the article in [[Wikiversity:Drafts|draft space]] or on a subpage of their [[Help:User page|user page]].
*{{spaces|2}}''See also [[w:Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_democracy|WIKIPEDIA IS NOT A DEMOCRACY]]''

===Pagemove announcement===
*Uses &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{subst:Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
The advantage of moving material into the users or draft namespace is that less time is spent discussing and more time cleaning up. Wikiversity has a limited staff of volunteers, and the quicker decisions are made, the more that can be done. There is a lot of work to do and the work is important. Too many obscure pages in mainspace degrades gives others a bad impression of Wikiversity. On the other hand, people should be encouraged write on Wikiversity about all sorts of topics. The goal is to separate materials recommend for teachers and learners from the discovery, research, and introspection done by Wikiversity users.

A procedure and guidelines for moving mainspace resources into user and draft space is under construction.

'''&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{subst:Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;''' is used to communicate with all the page's main authors' talk pages and looks like this:
{{Robelbox|theme=8|title=Removal of a project from mainspace|width=100%}}
To ''Somebody's username'':

The project '''&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Some page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' has been moved to '''&lt;nowiki&gt;[[User:Somebody's username/Some page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''  

A tentative decision has been made to remove this project from [[Wikiversity:namespaces|mainspace]].  If this move is not under discussion at '''[[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]]''', you may make a request regarding this project at '''[[Wikiversity:Request custodian action]]'''. 

Yours truly, --[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 06:07, 20 December 2022 (UTC)
{{Robelbox/close}}

== See also ==
* [[MediaWiki:Deletereason-dropdown]] - List of common deletion reasons displayed in the deletion interface.
* [[:Category:Candidates for speedy deletion]] - List of current resources suggested for [[#Speedy|speedy deletion]].
* [[:Category:Proposed deletions]] - List of current resources [[#Proposed|proposed]] for deletion.
* [[:Category:Requests for Deletion]] - List of resources with active deletion [[#Discussion|discussions]].

{{Official policies}}
{{Proposed policies}}
{{subpagesif}}
[[Category:Wikiversity deletion]]</text>
      <sha1>eqfu3vbhqctpfjuw2zsnmfqwkxh6rzh</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2809969</id>
      <parentid>2809968</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-17T22:57:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Deletion request */</comment>
      <origin>2809969</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="17628" sha1="8hg27helo2zu4592kvdr5vwb3g19dw4" xml:space="preserve">{{guideline|WV:D|WV:DEL|WV:DELETE}}
{{nutshell|what=Guideline|While deletion is sometimes permissible when a good reason is given, resources can often blossom when participants are taught good wiki practices and how to implement concrete improvements. These templates are recommended for use by those involved with page deletions:
* '''Speedy delete''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for pages you authored, as well as for pages that clearly don't belong in [[Help:Namespaces|mainspace]]
* '''Proposed deletions''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|prod}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for pages that perhaps should be deleted (or moved to draft or user space) unless they are improved
* '''Deletion requests''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for large projects and difficult decisions
* '''Move to draft or user space''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for research and student efforts (templates and policy guidelines under construction)

'''Don't worry if you use the wrong template!'''  It is far more important that you help than that you pick the &quot;right&quot; template. Moreover, the question of which template to pick is highly subjective. There is usually more than one &quot;right&quot; template.}}

This '''deletion guideline''' explains when and why [[Wikiversity:Custodians|custodians]] may delete and restore resources or specific revisions of a resource. The [[Special:Log/delete|deletion log]] allows anyone to track deletions and restorations at Wikiversity. Deletion removes access while keeping resources and their development histories intact. Access can be restored through undeletion. Deletions and undeletions are discussed at [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]].

== Types of deletion ==
=== Speedy ===
Resources may be subject to speedy deletion when a good reason is given by adding {{tlx|delete|''your good reason''}}. You may [[#Discussion|request community feedback]], or object with or without explanation by removing the speedy deletion suggestion from the resource. Resources may not be subject to speedy deletion when a reasonable objection is made or is likely because participants may be able to learn how to implement concrete improvements when taught appropriate practices.

====Criteria for speedy deletion====
{{shortcut|WV:CSD|WV:DB|WV:SD|WV:SPEEDY}}
A non-exhaustive list of possible reasons custodians may speedy delete resources include:

#'''[[Wikiversity:What is Wikiversity|No educational objectives]]''' or discussion in history. [[Wikiversity:Welcome templates|Welcome users and resources]] when likely to be expanded shortly.
#'''Solicitation''' for products, services, companies, events, people or other things with no educational merit or which generate direct financial benefit to the contributor.
#'''Copyright work''' which do not satisfy [[Foundation:Terms of use|Wikimedia's Terms of Use]].
#'''Resource [[m:transwiki|moved]]''' to another project due to [[Wikiversity:Scope|scope]], or file uploaded to [[commons:|Wikimedia Commons]] with history intact and links fixed.
#'''Author request''' by an only contributor or only substantial contributor, or arising from an expressed consensus of contributors.
#'''[[Wikiversity:Vandalism|Vandalism]]''' and user pages for vandalism-only accounts.
#'''Sandbox''' that tests the wiki software outside user space and [[Wikiversity:Sandbox]].
#'''Discussion''' about deleted resources where context is lost and becoming an independent resource is unlikely.
#'''Repost''' with no concrete improvements to merit keeping.
#'''Archaic redirect''' with no educational histories, no links, and either no appropriate targets or not likely to be searched for.
#'''Empty category''' with no notice suggesting the category may be occasionally empty.
#'''Unused file''' lacking either a license or a source may be deleted one week after uploader is notified.
#'''Reasonable maintenance task''' such as repairing cut-and-paste moves, and moving resources over a redirect.
#'''Serious ethical breach,''' where a resource standing undeleted may cause harm.

=== {{anchor|Proposed deletion}}Proposed deletion (prod)===
{{shortcut|WV:PROD|WV:PRD|WV:PD}}
Resources may be eligible for proposed deletion when education objectives and learning outcomes are scarce, and objections to deletion are unlikely. You may add {{tlxs|prod}} to the top of resources to propose deletion. A custodian may examine the resource after 90 days, and either delete the resource or remove the proposal. Anyone may object by removing the proposed deletion template from the resource, with or without an explanation on the resource's discussion page. Anyone still considering that the resource should be deleted may [[#Discussion|discuss deletion]].

== {{anchor|Deletion discussions|Discussion}}How to discuss ==
You should [[WV:AGF|ask questions and discuss concerns]] with participants, make an effort to [[Wikiversity:Be bold|resolve problems yourself]], and try [[#Alternatives to deletion|alternatives]] as appropriate before suggesting deletion for resources with substantial development histories and contributions from multiple participants. You may ask for guidance and advice, explain what you have done or will do, and discuss options at [[Wikiversity:Requests for deletion]]. Resources are generally kept when a community [[Wikiversity:Consensus|decision]] is inconclusive. Add {{tl|rfd}} to the top of resources to draw attention to the discussion. As a courtesy, you may also notify any participants directly.

Be concise and specific when suggesting solutions, because the preferred outcome is one participants can learn from to implement concrete improvements. On occasion, deletion might be permissible when productivity from a fresh start is likely and concerns relate to Wikiversity's [[Wikiversity:Mission|mission]], [[Wikiversity:Scope|scope]], [[Wikiversity:Process|process]], or [[Wikiversity:Policies|policy]] in some way. If you can raise concerns not addressed by a previous discussion, you may begin a new discussion at [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion|Requests for Deletion]]. Reasonable requests for resources to be restored during discussion are honored, where possible. Please only participate if you are willing to keep an open mind and make an effort to improve resources.

==Alternatives to deletion==
{{shortcut|ATD|WV:ATD}}
[[Wikiversity:Who are Wikiversity participants?|Participants]] can often implement concrete improvements and develop resources further when taught appropriate practices. Possible alternatives to deletion include:

{| style=&quot;border:5px solid #cccccc; border-collapse:separate; border-spacing:1em 1em;&quot;
 |-
 ! What
 ! Solution
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Broken redirects
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Redirect to another appropriate target
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | In a foreign language
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Translate to English, move to target language Wikiversity, or move to [[BetaWikiversity:|Beta Wikiversity]] if there is no Wikiversity in that language 
 |-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Outside learning project's scope
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Merge with another learning project or use to start a new learning project
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Missing or incomplete license information
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Assist user in supplying information, supply it if possible
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Outside of Wikiversity's [[WV:scope|scope]]
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Move to another Wikimedia project or website as appropriate. Some resources may be appropriate in userspace, like personal essays
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Insufficient or unclear
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | If the potential educational value of resources is insufficient or unclear, consider moving to draft or user space 
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Too big or small
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Split big resources into smaller resources or reorganize into subpages. Merge small resources or redirect to a bigger resource.
 |}

Anyone may [[Wikiversity:Be bold|boldly]] implement concrete improvements that reasonably encourages collaborative education, or discuss alternative solutions on a resource's discussion page.

==Deletion templates==
{{center|''This section is still subject to approval by the community.  Visit [[Wikiversity talk:Deletions]] to discuss.''}} 
Remove resources from mainspace that cannot be directly used by teachers and instructors by using the following templates:
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt; for ''speedy deletion''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|prod}}&lt;/code&gt; for a ''proposed deletion'' 
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt; for a ''deletion request''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|pagemove announcement}}&lt;/code&gt; informs the editors that their page or resource is likely to be moved to either draftspace or userspace.  Wikiversity is a complex interaction between instructor teaching materials, student efforts, and even research.  There is a (growing?) consensus that mainspace focus on teaching resources.
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|draftify}}&lt;/code&gt; for ''proposed moving to the Draft: namespace''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|draft archive}}&lt;/code&gt; for proposal for '' moving under Draft:Archive/ '' (proposal is under construction)

===Speedy deletion===
*Use &lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{delete|(with optional explanation)}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
Use '''Speedy deletion''' for uncontroversial deletions.  Placing '''&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{delete|&lt;suggested reasons go here ...&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;''' at the top of a page creates this banner:
&lt;!-- THIS TEXT WAS CREATED BY CALLING THE TEMPLATE WITH tlxs--&gt;
{{ambox
|type=speedy
|text=This {{lc:{{NAMESPACE}}}} page may qualify for [[Wikiversity:Deletions|speedy deletion]] because: &lt;suggested reasons go here...&gt;&lt;br/&gt;{{#ifeq:{{{self}}}
|yes
|If you disagree, please remove this notice.&lt;br /&gt;
|If you disagree or intend to fix it, and '''you have not contributed to it before''', you may remove this notice. If you have contributed before and disagree, please explain why on {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}
 |{{TALKSPACE}}
 |this discussion page
 |[[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|the discussion page]]
}}, after adding &lt;span style=&quot;font-family:'Lucida Console', monospace&quot;&gt;{{Tl|hangon}}&lt;/span&gt; to the top of the {{lc:{{NAMESPACE}}}}. This will alert [[Wikiversity:Support staff|curators and custodians]] to your intention, and may permit you the time to write your explanation.  Try to make your explanation more eloquent and less hysterical than the example shown above.
}}

&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;''Before [{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|action=delete}} deleting] check the [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|discussion page]], [[Special:Whatlinkshere/{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|what links here]], [{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|action=history}} history] ([{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|diff=0}} last edit]), the [{{fullurl:Special:Log|page={{SUBJECTPAGENAMEE}}}} page log], and [[Wikiversity:Deletions]]. ''&lt;/span&gt;
}}
&lt;!--Must delete this: [[Category:Candidates for speedy deletion|{{PAGENAME}}]]--&gt;
&lt;!-- Ends the delete demonstration--&gt;

The most common use of ''speedy deletion'' is for pages written by a single author and which include copyright violations, pseudoscientific claims, inappropriate language, advertisements, or slander or other efforts to harass living persons. 

Anything that potentially causes harm should be immediately deleted, and ''speedy deletion'' is the fastest way to nominate a page for removal.  But a ''speedy deletion'' is also the most time-consuming to revert (if the resource actually gets deleted).  A good rule of thumb is never to speedy delete a resource that might be [[wikt:salvable|salvable]] or has had active edits in the past three years. Also, hesitate before you ''speedy delete'' a project or a large number of subpages, as reverting such deletions can be extremely time-consuming.

===Proposed deletion===
*Uses &lt;code&gt;{{tlxs|prod}}&lt;/code&gt;

'''Proposed deletion''' (or &quot;prod&quot;) is for pages that may or may not belong in mainspace. It creates allows editors to debate the deletion on the talk page and ponder other options such as moving to the user or draft namespace.  ''Prod'' draws attention and can result in an effort to improve the resource. ''Prod'' places the discussion about whether to delete on the talk page. ''Prod's'' greatest disadvantage is it causes projects to remain in mainspace until the question is resolved. A simple remedy for this is to move the project into user or draft space until an outcome has been decided. Custodians can move a resource with up to 100 subpages.&lt;ref&gt;Moving a resource with 300 subpages takes about three times as long as moving one with 100 subpages, with the added feature that the moved resources is now required to have 3 top pages (with 100 subpages each)&lt;/ref&gt; To understand how ''prod'' works, suppose that on January 1, 2000 you placed '''{{tlxs|prod}}''' at the top of a page to create this banner:

&lt;!-- THIS TEXT WAS CREATED BY CALLING THE TEMPLATE WITH tlxs--&gt;
{{Ombox
| type  = delete
| image = [[File:Orologio rosso.svg|45x45px|center|No license|link=]]
| text  = Please [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=edit}} help improve] the [[WV:WIW|educational quality]] of this resource to increase [[Wikiversity:Learning|engagement]] by [[Wikiversity:Who are Wikiversity participants?|participants]]. Any concrete improvements made by '''{{#time:F j, Y|January 1, 2000 +90 days}}''' may allow it to be [[WV:PROD|kept]]. &lt;br&gt;
You may remove &lt;nowiki&gt;{{proposed deletion}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; from this resource's source text to contest this proposal, with or without [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|discussion]].
}}

&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;{{#if:  | {{{style}}};}}&quot;&gt;[[Special:PrefixIndex/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|''Link to any subpages this page might have'']]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Ends the tlxs|prod demonstration--&gt;

Note that the deadline for improving the page is 90 days after the template was inserted. This gives editors time to improve the page or defend its virtues.  

'''IMPORTANT:''' The proper venue for all discussions is the [[Help:Talk page|talk page]] of the article under consideration.

===Deletion request===
* Uses &lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;

Use '''Deletion request''' if you think a developed page should be deleted or if the topic is complicated in some way. Begin by placing '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;''' at the top of the page to create:
{{ambox
|image = [[File:User-trash.svg|50x50px|link=]]
|text='''Please [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion#{{FULLPAGENAME}}|share your thoughts]] about whether to [[Wikiversity:Deletions|keep this resource or not]]'''. Resources are likely to remain at Wikiversity when you [[Wikiversity:Be bold|boldly]] address reasonable concerns through concrete improvements. We encourage you to give resources a  chance to receive fair reviews and concrete improvements by keeping nomination notices intact.}}
{{center|[[Special:PrefixIndex/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|''Link to any subpages this page might have'']]}}
{{Shortcut|Deletion request|Dr|DR|Rfd|RfD}} 

Click the words [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion|'''share your thoughts''']] in the box. This will lead to a page called [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]]. Follow the instructions for starting a discussion.  Explain why you think the page should be deleted. Be prepared to engage in discussion about the page's value. At some point the discussion will be closed. Sometimes the decision may be to place the article in [[Wikiversity:Drafts|draft space]] or on a subpage of their [[Help:User page|user page]].
*{{spaces|2}}''See also [[w:Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_democracy|Wikipedia is not a democracy]]''

===Pagemove announcement===
*Uses &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{subst:Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
The advantage of moving material into the users or draft namespace is that less time is spent discussing and more time cleaning up. Wikiversity has a limited staff of volunteers, and the quicker decisions are made, the more that can be done. There is a lot of work to do and the work is important. Too many obscure pages in mainspace degrades gives others a bad impression of Wikiversity. On the other hand, people should be encouraged write on Wikiversity about all sorts of topics. The goal is to separate materials recommend for teachers and learners from the discovery, research, and introspection done by Wikiversity users.

A procedure and guidelines for moving mainspace resources into user and draft space is under construction.

'''&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{subst:Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;''' is used to communicate with all the page's main authors' talk pages and looks like this:
{{Robelbox|theme=8|title=Removal of a project from mainspace|width=100%}}
To ''Somebody's username'':

The project '''&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Some page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' has been moved to '''&lt;nowiki&gt;[[User:Somebody's username/Some page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''  

A tentative decision has been made to remove this project from [[Wikiversity:namespaces|mainspace]].  If this move is not under discussion at '''[[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]]''', you may make a request regarding this project at '''[[Wikiversity:Request custodian action]]'''. 

Yours truly, --[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 06:07, 20 December 2022 (UTC)
{{Robelbox/close}}

== See also ==
* [[MediaWiki:Deletereason-dropdown]] - List of common deletion reasons displayed in the deletion interface.
* [[:Category:Candidates for speedy deletion]] - List of current resources suggested for [[#Speedy|speedy deletion]].
* [[:Category:Proposed deletions]] - List of current resources [[#Proposed|proposed]] for deletion.
* [[:Category:Requests for Deletion]] - List of resources with active deletion [[#Discussion|discussions]].

{{Official policies}}
{{Proposed policies}}
{{subpagesif}}
[[Category:Wikiversity deletion]]</text>
      <sha1>8hg27helo2zu4592kvdr5vwb3g19dw4</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2809971</id>
      <parentid>2809969</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-17T23:05:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Criteria for speedy deletion */ Move &quot;Test page&quot; to top of list and modify description to better match [[MediaWiki:Deletereason-dropdown]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="17645" sha1="tlwxi2hbo8q6qei908yrtmr5txtgrle" xml:space="preserve">{{guideline|WV:D|WV:DEL|WV:DELETE}}
{{nutshell|what=Guideline|While deletion is sometimes permissible when a good reason is given, resources can often blossom when participants are taught good wiki practices and how to implement concrete improvements. These templates are recommended for use by those involved with page deletions:
* '''Speedy delete''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for pages you authored, as well as for pages that clearly don't belong in [[Help:Namespaces|mainspace]]
* '''Proposed deletions''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|prod}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for pages that perhaps should be deleted (or moved to draft or user space) unless they are improved
* '''Deletion requests''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for large projects and difficult decisions
* '''Move to draft or user space''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for research and student efforts (templates and policy guidelines under construction)

'''Don't worry if you use the wrong template!'''  It is far more important that you help than that you pick the &quot;right&quot; template. Moreover, the question of which template to pick is highly subjective. There is usually more than one &quot;right&quot; template.}}

This '''deletion guideline''' explains when and why [[Wikiversity:Custodians|custodians]] may delete and restore resources or specific revisions of a resource. The [[Special:Log/delete|deletion log]] allows anyone to track deletions and restorations at Wikiversity. Deletion removes access while keeping resources and their development histories intact. Access can be restored through undeletion. Deletions and undeletions are discussed at [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]].

== Types of deletion ==
=== Speedy ===
Resources may be subject to speedy deletion when a good reason is given by adding {{tlx|delete|''your good reason''}}. You may [[#Discussion|request community feedback]], or object with or without explanation by removing the speedy deletion suggestion from the resource. Resources may not be subject to speedy deletion when a reasonable objection is made or is likely because participants may be able to learn how to implement concrete improvements when taught appropriate practices.

====Criteria for speedy deletion====
{{shortcut|WV:CSD|WV:DB|WV:SD|WV:SPEEDY}}
A non-exhaustive list of possible reasons custodians may speedy delete resources include:

#'''Test page''' Testing of the wiki software outside user space. Experiment in the [[Wikiversity:Sandbox]].
#'''[[Wikiversity:What is Wikiversity|No educational objectives]]''' or discussion in history. [[Wikiversity:Welcome templates|Welcome users and resources]] when likely to be expanded shortly.
#'''Solicitation''' for products, services, companies, events, people or other things with no educational merit or which generate direct financial benefit to the contributor.
#'''Copyright work''' which do not satisfy [[Foundation:Terms of use|Wikimedia's Terms of Use]].
#'''Resource [[m:transwiki|moved]]''' to another project due to [[Wikiversity:Scope|scope]], or file uploaded to [[commons:|Wikimedia Commons]] with history intact and links fixed.
#'''Author request''' by an only contributor or only substantial contributor, or arising from an expressed consensus of contributors.
#'''[[Wikiversity:Vandalism|Vandalism]]''' and user pages for vandalism-only accounts.
#'''Discussion''' about deleted resources where context is lost and becoming an independent resource is unlikely.
#'''Repost''' with no concrete improvements to merit keeping.
#'''Archaic redirect''' with no educational histories, no links, and either no appropriate targets or not likely to be searched for.
#'''Empty category''' with no notice suggesting the category may be occasionally empty.
#'''Unused file''' lacking either a license or a source may be deleted one week after uploader is notified.
#'''Reasonable maintenance task''' such as repairing cut-and-paste moves, and moving resources over a redirect.
#'''Serious ethical breach,''' where a resource standing undeleted may cause harm.

=== {{anchor|Proposed deletion}}Proposed deletion (prod)===
{{shortcut|WV:PROD|WV:PRD|WV:PD}}
Resources may be eligible for proposed deletion when education objectives and learning outcomes are scarce, and objections to deletion are unlikely. You may add {{tlxs|prod}} to the top of resources to propose deletion. A custodian may examine the resource after 90 days, and either delete the resource or remove the proposal. Anyone may object by removing the proposed deletion template from the resource, with or without an explanation on the resource's discussion page. Anyone still considering that the resource should be deleted may [[#Discussion|discuss deletion]].

== {{anchor|Deletion discussions|Discussion}}How to discuss ==
You should [[WV:AGF|ask questions and discuss concerns]] with participants, make an effort to [[Wikiversity:Be bold|resolve problems yourself]], and try [[#Alternatives to deletion|alternatives]] as appropriate before suggesting deletion for resources with substantial development histories and contributions from multiple participants. You may ask for guidance and advice, explain what you have done or will do, and discuss options at [[Wikiversity:Requests for deletion]]. Resources are generally kept when a community [[Wikiversity:Consensus|decision]] is inconclusive. Add {{tl|rfd}} to the top of resources to draw attention to the discussion. As a courtesy, you may also notify any participants directly.

Be concise and specific when suggesting solutions, because the preferred outcome is one participants can learn from to implement concrete improvements. On occasion, deletion might be permissible when productivity from a fresh start is likely and concerns relate to Wikiversity's [[Wikiversity:Mission|mission]], [[Wikiversity:Scope|scope]], [[Wikiversity:Process|process]], or [[Wikiversity:Policies|policy]] in some way. If you can raise concerns not addressed by a previous discussion, you may begin a new discussion at [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion|Requests for Deletion]]. Reasonable requests for resources to be restored during discussion are honored, where possible. Please only participate if you are willing to keep an open mind and make an effort to improve resources.

==Alternatives to deletion==
{{shortcut|ATD|WV:ATD}}
[[Wikiversity:Who are Wikiversity participants?|Participants]] can often implement concrete improvements and develop resources further when taught appropriate practices. Possible alternatives to deletion include:

{| style=&quot;border:5px solid #cccccc; border-collapse:separate; border-spacing:1em 1em;&quot;
 |-
 ! What
 ! Solution
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Broken redirects
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Redirect to another appropriate target
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | In a foreign language
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Translate to English, move to target language Wikiversity, or move to [[BetaWikiversity:|Beta Wikiversity]] if there is no Wikiversity in that language 
 |-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Outside learning project's scope
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Merge with another learning project or use to start a new learning project
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Missing or incomplete license information
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Assist user in supplying information, supply it if possible
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Outside of Wikiversity's [[WV:scope|scope]]
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Move to another Wikimedia project or website as appropriate. Some resources may be appropriate in userspace, like personal essays
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Insufficient or unclear
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | If the potential educational value of resources is insufficient or unclear, consider moving to draft or user space 
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Too big or small
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Split big resources into smaller resources or reorganize into subpages. Merge small resources or redirect to a bigger resource.
 |}

Anyone may [[Wikiversity:Be bold|boldly]] implement concrete improvements that reasonably encourages collaborative education, or discuss alternative solutions on a resource's discussion page.

==Deletion templates==
{{center|''This section is still subject to approval by the community.  Visit [[Wikiversity talk:Deletions]] to discuss.''}} 
Remove resources from mainspace that cannot be directly used by teachers and instructors by using the following templates:
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt; for ''speedy deletion''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|prod}}&lt;/code&gt; for a ''proposed deletion'' 
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt; for a ''deletion request''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|pagemove announcement}}&lt;/code&gt; informs the editors that their page or resource is likely to be moved to either draftspace or userspace.  Wikiversity is a complex interaction between instructor teaching materials, student efforts, and even research.  There is a (growing?) consensus that mainspace focus on teaching resources.
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|draftify}}&lt;/code&gt; for ''proposed moving to the Draft: namespace''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|draft archive}}&lt;/code&gt; for proposal for '' moving under Draft:Archive/ '' (proposal is under construction)

===Speedy deletion===
*Use &lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{delete|(with optional explanation)}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
Use '''Speedy deletion''' for uncontroversial deletions.  Placing '''&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{delete|&lt;suggested reasons go here ...&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;''' at the top of a page creates this banner:
&lt;!-- THIS TEXT WAS CREATED BY CALLING THE TEMPLATE WITH tlxs--&gt;
{{ambox
|type=speedy
|text=This {{lc:{{NAMESPACE}}}} page may qualify for [[Wikiversity:Deletions|speedy deletion]] because: &lt;suggested reasons go here...&gt;&lt;br/&gt;{{#ifeq:{{{self}}}
|yes
|If you disagree, please remove this notice.&lt;br /&gt;
|If you disagree or intend to fix it, and '''you have not contributed to it before''', you may remove this notice. If you have contributed before and disagree, please explain why on {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}
 |{{TALKSPACE}}
 |this discussion page
 |[[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|the discussion page]]
}}, after adding &lt;span style=&quot;font-family:'Lucida Console', monospace&quot;&gt;{{Tl|hangon}}&lt;/span&gt; to the top of the {{lc:{{NAMESPACE}}}}. This will alert [[Wikiversity:Support staff|curators and custodians]] to your intention, and may permit you the time to write your explanation.  Try to make your explanation more eloquent and less hysterical than the example shown above.
}}

&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;''Before [{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|action=delete}} deleting] check the [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|discussion page]], [[Special:Whatlinkshere/{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|what links here]], [{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|action=history}} history] ([{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|diff=0}} last edit]), the [{{fullurl:Special:Log|page={{SUBJECTPAGENAMEE}}}} page log], and [[Wikiversity:Deletions]]. ''&lt;/span&gt;
}}
&lt;!--Must delete this: [[Category:Candidates for speedy deletion|{{PAGENAME}}]]--&gt;
&lt;!-- Ends the delete demonstration--&gt;

The most common use of ''speedy deletion'' is for pages written by a single author and which include copyright violations, pseudoscientific claims, inappropriate language, advertisements, or slander or other efforts to harass living persons. 

Anything that potentially causes harm should be immediately deleted, and ''speedy deletion'' is the fastest way to nominate a page for removal.  But a ''speedy deletion'' is also the most time-consuming to revert (if the resource actually gets deleted).  A good rule of thumb is never to speedy delete a resource that might be [[wikt:salvable|salvable]] or has had active edits in the past three years. Also, hesitate before you ''speedy delete'' a project or a large number of subpages, as reverting such deletions can be extremely time-consuming.

===Proposed deletion===
*Uses &lt;code&gt;{{tlxs|prod}}&lt;/code&gt;

'''Proposed deletion''' (or &quot;prod&quot;) is for pages that may or may not belong in mainspace. It creates allows editors to debate the deletion on the talk page and ponder other options such as moving to the user or draft namespace.  ''Prod'' draws attention and can result in an effort to improve the resource. ''Prod'' places the discussion about whether to delete on the talk page. ''Prod's'' greatest disadvantage is it causes projects to remain in mainspace until the question is resolved. A simple remedy for this is to move the project into user or draft space until an outcome has been decided. Custodians can move a resource with up to 100 subpages.&lt;ref&gt;Moving a resource with 300 subpages takes about three times as long as moving one with 100 subpages, with the added feature that the moved resources is now required to have 3 top pages (with 100 subpages each)&lt;/ref&gt; To understand how ''prod'' works, suppose that on January 1, 2000 you placed '''{{tlxs|prod}}''' at the top of a page to create this banner:

&lt;!-- THIS TEXT WAS CREATED BY CALLING THE TEMPLATE WITH tlxs--&gt;
{{Ombox
| type  = delete
| image = [[File:Orologio rosso.svg|45x45px|center|No license|link=]]
| text  = Please [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=edit}} help improve] the [[WV:WIW|educational quality]] of this resource to increase [[Wikiversity:Learning|engagement]] by [[Wikiversity:Who are Wikiversity participants?|participants]]. Any concrete improvements made by '''{{#time:F j, Y|January 1, 2000 +90 days}}''' may allow it to be [[WV:PROD|kept]]. &lt;br&gt;
You may remove &lt;nowiki&gt;{{proposed deletion}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; from this resource's source text to contest this proposal, with or without [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|discussion]].
}}

&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;{{#if:  | {{{style}}};}}&quot;&gt;[[Special:PrefixIndex/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|''Link to any subpages this page might have'']]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Ends the tlxs|prod demonstration--&gt;

Note that the deadline for improving the page is 90 days after the template was inserted. This gives editors time to improve the page or defend its virtues.  

'''IMPORTANT:''' The proper venue for all discussions is the [[Help:Talk page|talk page]] of the article under consideration.

===Deletion request===
* Uses &lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;

Use '''Deletion request''' if you think a developed page should be deleted or if the topic is complicated in some way. Begin by placing '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;''' at the top of the page to create:
{{ambox
|image = [[File:User-trash.svg|50x50px|link=]]
|text='''Please [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion#{{FULLPAGENAME}}|share your thoughts]] about whether to [[Wikiversity:Deletions|keep this resource or not]]'''. Resources are likely to remain at Wikiversity when you [[Wikiversity:Be bold|boldly]] address reasonable concerns through concrete improvements. We encourage you to give resources a  chance to receive fair reviews and concrete improvements by keeping nomination notices intact.}}
{{center|[[Special:PrefixIndex/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|''Link to any subpages this page might have'']]}}
{{Shortcut|Deletion request|Dr|DR|Rfd|RfD}} 

Click the words [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion|'''share your thoughts''']] in the box. This will lead to a page called [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]]. Follow the instructions for starting a discussion.  Explain why you think the page should be deleted. Be prepared to engage in discussion about the page's value. At some point the discussion will be closed. Sometimes the decision may be to place the article in [[Wikiversity:Drafts|draft space]] or on a subpage of their [[Help:User page|user page]].
*{{spaces|2}}''See also [[w:Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_democracy|Wikipedia is not a democracy]]''

===Pagemove announcement===
*Uses &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{subst:Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
The advantage of moving material into the users or draft namespace is that less time is spent discussing and more time cleaning up. Wikiversity has a limited staff of volunteers, and the quicker decisions are made, the more that can be done. There is a lot of work to do and the work is important. Too many obscure pages in mainspace degrades gives others a bad impression of Wikiversity. On the other hand, people should be encouraged write on Wikiversity about all sorts of topics. The goal is to separate materials recommend for teachers and learners from the discovery, research, and introspection done by Wikiversity users.

A procedure and guidelines for moving mainspace resources into user and draft space is under construction.

'''&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{subst:Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;''' is used to communicate with all the page's main authors' talk pages and looks like this:
{{Robelbox|theme=8|title=Removal of a project from mainspace|width=100%}}
To ''Somebody's username'':

The project '''&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Some page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' has been moved to '''&lt;nowiki&gt;[[User:Somebody's username/Some page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''  

A tentative decision has been made to remove this project from [[Wikiversity:namespaces|mainspace]].  If this move is not under discussion at '''[[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]]''', you may make a request regarding this project at '''[[Wikiversity:Request custodian action]]'''. 

Yours truly, --[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 06:07, 20 December 2022 (UTC)
{{Robelbox/close}}

== See also ==
* [[MediaWiki:Deletereason-dropdown]] - List of common deletion reasons displayed in the deletion interface.
* [[:Category:Candidates for speedy deletion]] - List of current resources suggested for [[#Speedy|speedy deletion]].
* [[:Category:Proposed deletions]] - List of current resources [[#Proposed|proposed]] for deletion.
* [[:Category:Requests for Deletion]] - List of resources with active deletion [[#Discussion|discussions]].

{{Official policies}}
{{Proposed policies}}
{{subpagesif}}
[[Category:Wikiversity deletion]]</text>
      <sha1>tlwxi2hbo8q6qei908yrtmr5txtgrle</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2809972</id>
      <parentid>2809971</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-17T23:06:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Criteria for speedy deletion */</comment>
      <origin>2809972</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="17653" sha1="bqzce1zsnt9ai930nnkh41apc8dfxfz" xml:space="preserve">{{guideline|WV:D|WV:DEL|WV:DELETE}}
{{nutshell|what=Guideline|While deletion is sometimes permissible when a good reason is given, resources can often blossom when participants are taught good wiki practices and how to implement concrete improvements. These templates are recommended for use by those involved with page deletions:
* '''Speedy delete''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for pages you authored, as well as for pages that clearly don't belong in [[Help:Namespaces|mainspace]]
* '''Proposed deletions''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|prod}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for pages that perhaps should be deleted (or moved to draft or user space) unless they are improved
* '''Deletion requests''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for large projects and difficult decisions
* '''Move to draft or user space''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for research and student efforts (templates and policy guidelines under construction)

'''Don't worry if you use the wrong template!'''  It is far more important that you help than that you pick the &quot;right&quot; template. Moreover, the question of which template to pick is highly subjective. There is usually more than one &quot;right&quot; template.}}

This '''deletion guideline''' explains when and why [[Wikiversity:Custodians|custodians]] may delete and restore resources or specific revisions of a resource. The [[Special:Log/delete|deletion log]] allows anyone to track deletions and restorations at Wikiversity. Deletion removes access while keeping resources and their development histories intact. Access can be restored through undeletion. Deletions and undeletions are discussed at [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]].

== Types of deletion ==
=== Speedy ===
Resources may be subject to speedy deletion when a good reason is given by adding {{tlx|delete|''your good reason''}}. You may [[#Discussion|request community feedback]], or object with or without explanation by removing the speedy deletion suggestion from the resource. Resources may not be subject to speedy deletion when a reasonable objection is made or is likely because participants may be able to learn how to implement concrete improvements when taught appropriate practices.

====Criteria for speedy deletion====
{{shortcut|WV:CSD|WV:DB|WV:SD|WV:SPEEDY}}
A non-exhaustive list of possible reasons custodians may speedy delete resources include:

#'''Test page''' to practice use of the wiki software outside user space. Experiment in the [[Wikiversity:Sandbox]].
#'''[[Wikiversity:What is Wikiversity|No educational objectives]]''' or discussion in history. [[Wikiversity:Welcome templates|Welcome users and resources]] when likely to be expanded shortly.
#'''Solicitation''' for products, services, companies, events, people or other things with no educational merit or which generate direct financial benefit to the contributor.
#'''Copyright work''' which do not satisfy [[Foundation:Terms of use|Wikimedia's Terms of Use]].
#'''Resource [[m:transwiki|moved]]''' to another project due to [[Wikiversity:Scope|scope]], or file uploaded to [[commons:|Wikimedia Commons]] with history intact and links fixed.
#'''Author request''' by an only contributor or only substantial contributor, or arising from an expressed consensus of contributors.
#'''[[Wikiversity:Vandalism|Vandalism]]''' and user pages for vandalism-only accounts.
#'''Discussion''' about deleted resources where context is lost and becoming an independent resource is unlikely.
#'''Repost''' with no concrete improvements to merit keeping.
#'''Archaic redirect''' with no educational histories, no links, and either no appropriate targets or not likely to be searched for.
#'''Empty category''' with no notice suggesting the category may be occasionally empty.
#'''Unused file''' lacking either a license or a source may be deleted one week after uploader is notified.
#'''Reasonable maintenance task''' such as repairing cut-and-paste moves, and moving resources over a redirect.
#'''Serious ethical breach,''' where a resource standing undeleted may cause harm.

=== {{anchor|Proposed deletion}}Proposed deletion (prod)===
{{shortcut|WV:PROD|WV:PRD|WV:PD}}
Resources may be eligible for proposed deletion when education objectives and learning outcomes are scarce, and objections to deletion are unlikely. You may add {{tlxs|prod}} to the top of resources to propose deletion. A custodian may examine the resource after 90 days, and either delete the resource or remove the proposal. Anyone may object by removing the proposed deletion template from the resource, with or without an explanation on the resource's discussion page. Anyone still considering that the resource should be deleted may [[#Discussion|discuss deletion]].

== {{anchor|Deletion discussions|Discussion}}How to discuss ==
You should [[WV:AGF|ask questions and discuss concerns]] with participants, make an effort to [[Wikiversity:Be bold|resolve problems yourself]], and try [[#Alternatives to deletion|alternatives]] as appropriate before suggesting deletion for resources with substantial development histories and contributions from multiple participants. You may ask for guidance and advice, explain what you have done or will do, and discuss options at [[Wikiversity:Requests for deletion]]. Resources are generally kept when a community [[Wikiversity:Consensus|decision]] is inconclusive. Add {{tl|rfd}} to the top of resources to draw attention to the discussion. As a courtesy, you may also notify any participants directly.

Be concise and specific when suggesting solutions, because the preferred outcome is one participants can learn from to implement concrete improvements. On occasion, deletion might be permissible when productivity from a fresh start is likely and concerns relate to Wikiversity's [[Wikiversity:Mission|mission]], [[Wikiversity:Scope|scope]], [[Wikiversity:Process|process]], or [[Wikiversity:Policies|policy]] in some way. If you can raise concerns not addressed by a previous discussion, you may begin a new discussion at [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion|Requests for Deletion]]. Reasonable requests for resources to be restored during discussion are honored, where possible. Please only participate if you are willing to keep an open mind and make an effort to improve resources.

==Alternatives to deletion==
{{shortcut|ATD|WV:ATD}}
[[Wikiversity:Who are Wikiversity participants?|Participants]] can often implement concrete improvements and develop resources further when taught appropriate practices. Possible alternatives to deletion include:

{| style=&quot;border:5px solid #cccccc; border-collapse:separate; border-spacing:1em 1em;&quot;
 |-
 ! What
 ! Solution
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Broken redirects
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Redirect to another appropriate target
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | In a foreign language
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Translate to English, move to target language Wikiversity, or move to [[BetaWikiversity:|Beta Wikiversity]] if there is no Wikiversity in that language 
 |-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Outside learning project's scope
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Merge with another learning project or use to start a new learning project
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Missing or incomplete license information
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Assist user in supplying information, supply it if possible
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Outside of Wikiversity's [[WV:scope|scope]]
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Move to another Wikimedia project or website as appropriate. Some resources may be appropriate in userspace, like personal essays
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Insufficient or unclear
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | If the potential educational value of resources is insufficient or unclear, consider moving to draft or user space 
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Too big or small
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Split big resources into smaller resources or reorganize into subpages. Merge small resources or redirect to a bigger resource.
 |}

Anyone may [[Wikiversity:Be bold|boldly]] implement concrete improvements that reasonably encourages collaborative education, or discuss alternative solutions on a resource's discussion page.

==Deletion templates==
{{center|''This section is still subject to approval by the community.  Visit [[Wikiversity talk:Deletions]] to discuss.''}} 
Remove resources from mainspace that cannot be directly used by teachers and instructors by using the following templates:
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt; for ''speedy deletion''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|prod}}&lt;/code&gt; for a ''proposed deletion'' 
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt; for a ''deletion request''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|pagemove announcement}}&lt;/code&gt; informs the editors that their page or resource is likely to be moved to either draftspace or userspace.  Wikiversity is a complex interaction between instructor teaching materials, student efforts, and even research.  There is a (growing?) consensus that mainspace focus on teaching resources.
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|draftify}}&lt;/code&gt; for ''proposed moving to the Draft: namespace''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|draft archive}}&lt;/code&gt; for proposal for '' moving under Draft:Archive/ '' (proposal is under construction)

===Speedy deletion===
*Use &lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{delete|(with optional explanation)}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
Use '''Speedy deletion''' for uncontroversial deletions.  Placing '''&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{delete|&lt;suggested reasons go here ...&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;''' at the top of a page creates this banner:
&lt;!-- THIS TEXT WAS CREATED BY CALLING THE TEMPLATE WITH tlxs--&gt;
{{ambox
|type=speedy
|text=This {{lc:{{NAMESPACE}}}} page may qualify for [[Wikiversity:Deletions|speedy deletion]] because: &lt;suggested reasons go here...&gt;&lt;br/&gt;{{#ifeq:{{{self}}}
|yes
|If you disagree, please remove this notice.&lt;br /&gt;
|If you disagree or intend to fix it, and '''you have not contributed to it before''', you may remove this notice. If you have contributed before and disagree, please explain why on {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}
 |{{TALKSPACE}}
 |this discussion page
 |[[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|the discussion page]]
}}, after adding &lt;span style=&quot;font-family:'Lucida Console', monospace&quot;&gt;{{Tl|hangon}}&lt;/span&gt; to the top of the {{lc:{{NAMESPACE}}}}. This will alert [[Wikiversity:Support staff|curators and custodians]] to your intention, and may permit you the time to write your explanation.  Try to make your explanation more eloquent and less hysterical than the example shown above.
}}

&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;''Before [{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|action=delete}} deleting] check the [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|discussion page]], [[Special:Whatlinkshere/{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|what links here]], [{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|action=history}} history] ([{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|diff=0}} last edit]), the [{{fullurl:Special:Log|page={{SUBJECTPAGENAMEE}}}} page log], and [[Wikiversity:Deletions]]. ''&lt;/span&gt;
}}
&lt;!--Must delete this: [[Category:Candidates for speedy deletion|{{PAGENAME}}]]--&gt;
&lt;!-- Ends the delete demonstration--&gt;

The most common use of ''speedy deletion'' is for pages written by a single author and which include copyright violations, pseudoscientific claims, inappropriate language, advertisements, or slander or other efforts to harass living persons. 

Anything that potentially causes harm should be immediately deleted, and ''speedy deletion'' is the fastest way to nominate a page for removal.  But a ''speedy deletion'' is also the most time-consuming to revert (if the resource actually gets deleted).  A good rule of thumb is never to speedy delete a resource that might be [[wikt:salvable|salvable]] or has had active edits in the past three years. Also, hesitate before you ''speedy delete'' a project or a large number of subpages, as reverting such deletions can be extremely time-consuming.

===Proposed deletion===
*Uses &lt;code&gt;{{tlxs|prod}}&lt;/code&gt;

'''Proposed deletion''' (or &quot;prod&quot;) is for pages that may or may not belong in mainspace. It creates allows editors to debate the deletion on the talk page and ponder other options such as moving to the user or draft namespace.  ''Prod'' draws attention and can result in an effort to improve the resource. ''Prod'' places the discussion about whether to delete on the talk page. ''Prod's'' greatest disadvantage is it causes projects to remain in mainspace until the question is resolved. A simple remedy for this is to move the project into user or draft space until an outcome has been decided. Custodians can move a resource with up to 100 subpages.&lt;ref&gt;Moving a resource with 300 subpages takes about three times as long as moving one with 100 subpages, with the added feature that the moved resources is now required to have 3 top pages (with 100 subpages each)&lt;/ref&gt; To understand how ''prod'' works, suppose that on January 1, 2000 you placed '''{{tlxs|prod}}''' at the top of a page to create this banner:

&lt;!-- THIS TEXT WAS CREATED BY CALLING THE TEMPLATE WITH tlxs--&gt;
{{Ombox
| type  = delete
| image = [[File:Orologio rosso.svg|45x45px|center|No license|link=]]
| text  = Please [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=edit}} help improve] the [[WV:WIW|educational quality]] of this resource to increase [[Wikiversity:Learning|engagement]] by [[Wikiversity:Who are Wikiversity participants?|participants]]. Any concrete improvements made by '''{{#time:F j, Y|January 1, 2000 +90 days}}''' may allow it to be [[WV:PROD|kept]]. &lt;br&gt;
You may remove &lt;nowiki&gt;{{proposed deletion}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; from this resource's source text to contest this proposal, with or without [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|discussion]].
}}

&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;{{#if:  | {{{style}}};}}&quot;&gt;[[Special:PrefixIndex/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|''Link to any subpages this page might have'']]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Ends the tlxs|prod demonstration--&gt;

Note that the deadline for improving the page is 90 days after the template was inserted. This gives editors time to improve the page or defend its virtues.  

'''IMPORTANT:''' The proper venue for all discussions is the [[Help:Talk page|talk page]] of the article under consideration.

===Deletion request===
* Uses &lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;

Use '''Deletion request''' if you think a developed page should be deleted or if the topic is complicated in some way. Begin by placing '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;''' at the top of the page to create:
{{ambox
|image = [[File:User-trash.svg|50x50px|link=]]
|text='''Please [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion#{{FULLPAGENAME}}|share your thoughts]] about whether to [[Wikiversity:Deletions|keep this resource or not]]'''. Resources are likely to remain at Wikiversity when you [[Wikiversity:Be bold|boldly]] address reasonable concerns through concrete improvements. We encourage you to give resources a  chance to receive fair reviews and concrete improvements by keeping nomination notices intact.}}
{{center|[[Special:PrefixIndex/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|''Link to any subpages this page might have'']]}}
{{Shortcut|Deletion request|Dr|DR|Rfd|RfD}} 

Click the words [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion|'''share your thoughts''']] in the box. This will lead to a page called [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]]. Follow the instructions for starting a discussion.  Explain why you think the page should be deleted. Be prepared to engage in discussion about the page's value. At some point the discussion will be closed. Sometimes the decision may be to place the article in [[Wikiversity:Drafts|draft space]] or on a subpage of their [[Help:User page|user page]].
*{{spaces|2}}''See also [[w:Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_democracy|Wikipedia is not a democracy]]''

===Pagemove announcement===
*Uses &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{subst:Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
The advantage of moving material into the users or draft namespace is that less time is spent discussing and more time cleaning up. Wikiversity has a limited staff of volunteers, and the quicker decisions are made, the more that can be done. There is a lot of work to do and the work is important. Too many obscure pages in mainspace degrades gives others a bad impression of Wikiversity. On the other hand, people should be encouraged write on Wikiversity about all sorts of topics. The goal is to separate materials recommend for teachers and learners from the discovery, research, and introspection done by Wikiversity users.

A procedure and guidelines for moving mainspace resources into user and draft space is under construction.

'''&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{subst:Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;''' is used to communicate with all the page's main authors' talk pages and looks like this:
{{Robelbox|theme=8|title=Removal of a project from mainspace|width=100%}}
To ''Somebody's username'':

The project '''&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Some page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' has been moved to '''&lt;nowiki&gt;[[User:Somebody's username/Some page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''  

A tentative decision has been made to remove this project from [[Wikiversity:namespaces|mainspace]].  If this move is not under discussion at '''[[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]]''', you may make a request regarding this project at '''[[Wikiversity:Request custodian action]]'''. 

Yours truly, --[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 06:07, 20 December 2022 (UTC)
{{Robelbox/close}}

== See also ==
* [[MediaWiki:Deletereason-dropdown]] - List of common deletion reasons displayed in the deletion interface.
* [[:Category:Candidates for speedy deletion]] - List of current resources suggested for [[#Speedy|speedy deletion]].
* [[:Category:Proposed deletions]] - List of current resources [[#Proposed|proposed]] for deletion.
* [[:Category:Requests for Deletion]] - List of resources with active deletion [[#Discussion|discussions]].

{{Official policies}}
{{Proposed policies}}
{{subpagesif}}
[[Category:Wikiversity deletion]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2809973</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Criteria for speedy deletion */</comment>
      <origin>2809973</origin>
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      <text bytes="17717" sha1="io4xereh3ghtx3it9375g1u0f7hzcnl" xml:space="preserve">{{guideline|WV:D|WV:DEL|WV:DELETE}}
{{nutshell|what=Guideline|While deletion is sometimes permissible when a good reason is given, resources can often blossom when participants are taught good wiki practices and how to implement concrete improvements. These templates are recommended for use by those involved with page deletions:
* '''Speedy delete''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for pages you authored, as well as for pages that clearly don't belong in [[Help:Namespaces|mainspace]]
* '''Proposed deletions''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|prod}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for pages that perhaps should be deleted (or moved to draft or user space) unless they are improved
* '''Deletion requests''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for large projects and difficult decisions
* '''Move to draft or user space''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for research and student efforts (templates and policy guidelines under construction)

'''Don't worry if you use the wrong template!'''  It is far more important that you help than that you pick the &quot;right&quot; template. Moreover, the question of which template to pick is highly subjective. There is usually more than one &quot;right&quot; template.}}

This '''deletion guideline''' explains when and why [[Wikiversity:Custodians|custodians]] may delete and restore resources or specific revisions of a resource. The [[Special:Log/delete|deletion log]] allows anyone to track deletions and restorations at Wikiversity. Deletion removes access while keeping resources and their development histories intact. Access can be restored through undeletion. Deletions and undeletions are discussed at [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]].

== Types of deletion ==
=== Speedy ===
Resources may be subject to speedy deletion when a good reason is given by adding {{tlx|delete|''your good reason''}}. You may [[#Discussion|request community feedback]], or object with or without explanation by removing the speedy deletion suggestion from the resource. Resources may not be subject to speedy deletion when a reasonable objection is made or is likely because participants may be able to learn how to implement concrete improvements when taught appropriate practices.

====Criteria for speedy deletion====
{{shortcut|WV:CSD|WV:DB|WV:SD|WV:SPEEDY}}
A non-exhaustive list of possible reasons custodians may speedy delete resources include:

#'''Test page''' to practice use of the wiki software outside user space.  Experiment in the [[Wikiversity:Sandbox]]. Consider [[Wikiversity:Welcome templates|Welcoming the user]].
#'''[[Wikiversity:What is Wikiversity|No educational objectives]]''' or discussion in history. [[Wikiversity:Welcome templates|Welcome users and resources]] when likely to be expanded shortly.
#'''Solicitation''' for products, services, companies, events, people or other things with no educational merit or which generate direct financial benefit to the contributor.
#'''Copyright work''' which do not satisfy [[Foundation:Terms of use|Wikimedia's Terms of Use]].
#'''Resource [[m:transwiki|moved]]''' to another project due to [[Wikiversity:Scope|scope]], or file uploaded to [[commons:|Wikimedia Commons]] with history intact and links fixed.
#'''Author request''' by an only contributor or only substantial contributor, or arising from an expressed consensus of contributors.
#'''[[Wikiversity:Vandalism|Vandalism]]''' and user pages for vandalism-only accounts.
#'''Discussion''' about deleted resources where context is lost and becoming an independent resource is unlikely.
#'''Repost''' with no concrete improvements to merit keeping.
#'''Archaic redirect''' with no educational histories, no links, and either no appropriate targets or not likely to be searched for.
#'''Empty category''' with no notice suggesting the category may be occasionally empty.
#'''Unused file''' lacking either a license or a source may be deleted one week after uploader is notified.
#'''Reasonable maintenance task''' such as repairing cut-and-paste moves, and moving resources over a redirect.
#'''Serious ethical breach,''' where a resource standing undeleted may cause harm.

=== {{anchor|Proposed deletion}}Proposed deletion (prod)===
{{shortcut|WV:PROD|WV:PRD|WV:PD}}
Resources may be eligible for proposed deletion when education objectives and learning outcomes are scarce, and objections to deletion are unlikely. You may add {{tlxs|prod}} to the top of resources to propose deletion. A custodian may examine the resource after 90 days, and either delete the resource or remove the proposal. Anyone may object by removing the proposed deletion template from the resource, with or without an explanation on the resource's discussion page. Anyone still considering that the resource should be deleted may [[#Discussion|discuss deletion]].

== {{anchor|Deletion discussions|Discussion}}How to discuss ==
You should [[WV:AGF|ask questions and discuss concerns]] with participants, make an effort to [[Wikiversity:Be bold|resolve problems yourself]], and try [[#Alternatives to deletion|alternatives]] as appropriate before suggesting deletion for resources with substantial development histories and contributions from multiple participants. You may ask for guidance and advice, explain what you have done or will do, and discuss options at [[Wikiversity:Requests for deletion]]. Resources are generally kept when a community [[Wikiversity:Consensus|decision]] is inconclusive. Add {{tl|rfd}} to the top of resources to draw attention to the discussion. As a courtesy, you may also notify any participants directly.

Be concise and specific when suggesting solutions, because the preferred outcome is one participants can learn from to implement concrete improvements. On occasion, deletion might be permissible when productivity from a fresh start is likely and concerns relate to Wikiversity's [[Wikiversity:Mission|mission]], [[Wikiversity:Scope|scope]], [[Wikiversity:Process|process]], or [[Wikiversity:Policies|policy]] in some way. If you can raise concerns not addressed by a previous discussion, you may begin a new discussion at [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion|Requests for Deletion]]. Reasonable requests for resources to be restored during discussion are honored, where possible. Please only participate if you are willing to keep an open mind and make an effort to improve resources.

==Alternatives to deletion==
{{shortcut|ATD|WV:ATD}}
[[Wikiversity:Who are Wikiversity participants?|Participants]] can often implement concrete improvements and develop resources further when taught appropriate practices. Possible alternatives to deletion include:

{| style=&quot;border:5px solid #cccccc; border-collapse:separate; border-spacing:1em 1em;&quot;
 |-
 ! What
 ! Solution
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Broken redirects
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Redirect to another appropriate target
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | In a foreign language
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Translate to English, move to target language Wikiversity, or move to [[BetaWikiversity:|Beta Wikiversity]] if there is no Wikiversity in that language 
 |-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Outside learning project's scope
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Merge with another learning project or use to start a new learning project
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Missing or incomplete license information
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Assist user in supplying information, supply it if possible
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Outside of Wikiversity's [[WV:scope|scope]]
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Move to another Wikimedia project or website as appropriate. Some resources may be appropriate in userspace, like personal essays
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Insufficient or unclear
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | If the potential educational value of resources is insufficient or unclear, consider moving to draft or user space 
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Too big or small
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Split big resources into smaller resources or reorganize into subpages. Merge small resources or redirect to a bigger resource.
 |}

Anyone may [[Wikiversity:Be bold|boldly]] implement concrete improvements that reasonably encourages collaborative education, or discuss alternative solutions on a resource's discussion page.

==Deletion templates==
{{center|''This section is still subject to approval by the community.  Visit [[Wikiversity talk:Deletions]] to discuss.''}} 
Remove resources from mainspace that cannot be directly used by teachers and instructors by using the following templates:
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt; for ''speedy deletion''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|prod}}&lt;/code&gt; for a ''proposed deletion'' 
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt; for a ''deletion request''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|pagemove announcement}}&lt;/code&gt; informs the editors that their page or resource is likely to be moved to either draftspace or userspace.  Wikiversity is a complex interaction between instructor teaching materials, student efforts, and even research.  There is a (growing?) consensus that mainspace focus on teaching resources.
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|draftify}}&lt;/code&gt; for ''proposed moving to the Draft: namespace''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|draft archive}}&lt;/code&gt; for proposal for '' moving under Draft:Archive/ '' (proposal is under construction)

===Speedy deletion===
*Use &lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{delete|(with optional explanation)}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
Use '''Speedy deletion''' for uncontroversial deletions.  Placing '''&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{delete|&lt;suggested reasons go here ...&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;''' at the top of a page creates this banner:
&lt;!-- THIS TEXT WAS CREATED BY CALLING THE TEMPLATE WITH tlxs--&gt;
{{ambox
|type=speedy
|text=This {{lc:{{NAMESPACE}}}} page may qualify for [[Wikiversity:Deletions|speedy deletion]] because: &lt;suggested reasons go here...&gt;&lt;br/&gt;{{#ifeq:{{{self}}}
|yes
|If you disagree, please remove this notice.&lt;br /&gt;
|If you disagree or intend to fix it, and '''you have not contributed to it before''', you may remove this notice. If you have contributed before and disagree, please explain why on {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}
 |{{TALKSPACE}}
 |this discussion page
 |[[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|the discussion page]]
}}, after adding &lt;span style=&quot;font-family:'Lucida Console', monospace&quot;&gt;{{Tl|hangon}}&lt;/span&gt; to the top of the {{lc:{{NAMESPACE}}}}. This will alert [[Wikiversity:Support staff|curators and custodians]] to your intention, and may permit you the time to write your explanation.  Try to make your explanation more eloquent and less hysterical than the example shown above.
}}

&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;''Before [{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|action=delete}} deleting] check the [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|discussion page]], [[Special:Whatlinkshere/{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|what links here]], [{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|action=history}} history] ([{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|diff=0}} last edit]), the [{{fullurl:Special:Log|page={{SUBJECTPAGENAMEE}}}} page log], and [[Wikiversity:Deletions]]. ''&lt;/span&gt;
}}
&lt;!--Must delete this: [[Category:Candidates for speedy deletion|{{PAGENAME}}]]--&gt;
&lt;!-- Ends the delete demonstration--&gt;

The most common use of ''speedy deletion'' is for pages written by a single author and which include copyright violations, pseudoscientific claims, inappropriate language, advertisements, or slander or other efforts to harass living persons. 

Anything that potentially causes harm should be immediately deleted, and ''speedy deletion'' is the fastest way to nominate a page for removal.  But a ''speedy deletion'' is also the most time-consuming to revert (if the resource actually gets deleted).  A good rule of thumb is never to speedy delete a resource that might be [[wikt:salvable|salvable]] or has had active edits in the past three years. Also, hesitate before you ''speedy delete'' a project or a large number of subpages, as reverting such deletions can be extremely time-consuming.

===Proposed deletion===
*Uses &lt;code&gt;{{tlxs|prod}}&lt;/code&gt;

'''Proposed deletion''' (or &quot;prod&quot;) is for pages that may or may not belong in mainspace. It creates allows editors to debate the deletion on the talk page and ponder other options such as moving to the user or draft namespace.  ''Prod'' draws attention and can result in an effort to improve the resource. ''Prod'' places the discussion about whether to delete on the talk page. ''Prod's'' greatest disadvantage is it causes projects to remain in mainspace until the question is resolved. A simple remedy for this is to move the project into user or draft space until an outcome has been decided. Custodians can move a resource with up to 100 subpages.&lt;ref&gt;Moving a resource with 300 subpages takes about three times as long as moving one with 100 subpages, with the added feature that the moved resources is now required to have 3 top pages (with 100 subpages each)&lt;/ref&gt; To understand how ''prod'' works, suppose that on January 1, 2000 you placed '''{{tlxs|prod}}''' at the top of a page to create this banner:

&lt;!-- THIS TEXT WAS CREATED BY CALLING THE TEMPLATE WITH tlxs--&gt;
{{Ombox
| type  = delete
| image = [[File:Orologio rosso.svg|45x45px|center|No license|link=]]
| text  = Please [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=edit}} help improve] the [[WV:WIW|educational quality]] of this resource to increase [[Wikiversity:Learning|engagement]] by [[Wikiversity:Who are Wikiversity participants?|participants]]. Any concrete improvements made by '''{{#time:F j, Y|January 1, 2000 +90 days}}''' may allow it to be [[WV:PROD|kept]]. &lt;br&gt;
You may remove &lt;nowiki&gt;{{proposed deletion}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; from this resource's source text to contest this proposal, with or without [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|discussion]].
}}

&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;{{#if:  | {{{style}}};}}&quot;&gt;[[Special:PrefixIndex/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|''Link to any subpages this page might have'']]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Ends the tlxs|prod demonstration--&gt;

Note that the deadline for improving the page is 90 days after the template was inserted. This gives editors time to improve the page or defend its virtues.  

'''IMPORTANT:''' The proper venue for all discussions is the [[Help:Talk page|talk page]] of the article under consideration.

===Deletion request===
* Uses &lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;

Use '''Deletion request''' if you think a developed page should be deleted or if the topic is complicated in some way. Begin by placing '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;''' at the top of the page to create:
{{ambox
|image = [[File:User-trash.svg|50x50px|link=]]
|text='''Please [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion#{{FULLPAGENAME}}|share your thoughts]] about whether to [[Wikiversity:Deletions|keep this resource or not]]'''. Resources are likely to remain at Wikiversity when you [[Wikiversity:Be bold|boldly]] address reasonable concerns through concrete improvements. We encourage you to give resources a  chance to receive fair reviews and concrete improvements by keeping nomination notices intact.}}
{{center|[[Special:PrefixIndex/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|''Link to any subpages this page might have'']]}}
{{Shortcut|Deletion request|Dr|DR|Rfd|RfD}} 

Click the words [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion|'''share your thoughts''']] in the box. This will lead to a page called [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]]. Follow the instructions for starting a discussion.  Explain why you think the page should be deleted. Be prepared to engage in discussion about the page's value. At some point the discussion will be closed. Sometimes the decision may be to place the article in [[Wikiversity:Drafts|draft space]] or on a subpage of their [[Help:User page|user page]].
*{{spaces|2}}''See also [[w:Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_democracy|Wikipedia is not a democracy]]''

===Pagemove announcement===
*Uses &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{subst:Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
The advantage of moving material into the users or draft namespace is that less time is spent discussing and more time cleaning up. Wikiversity has a limited staff of volunteers, and the quicker decisions are made, the more that can be done. There is a lot of work to do and the work is important. Too many obscure pages in mainspace degrades gives others a bad impression of Wikiversity. On the other hand, people should be encouraged write on Wikiversity about all sorts of topics. The goal is to separate materials recommend for teachers and learners from the discovery, research, and introspection done by Wikiversity users.

A procedure and guidelines for moving mainspace resources into user and draft space is under construction.

'''&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{subst:Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;''' is used to communicate with all the page's main authors' talk pages and looks like this:
{{Robelbox|theme=8|title=Removal of a project from mainspace|width=100%}}
To ''Somebody's username'':

The project '''&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Some page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' has been moved to '''&lt;nowiki&gt;[[User:Somebody's username/Some page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''  

A tentative decision has been made to remove this project from [[Wikiversity:namespaces|mainspace]].  If this move is not under discussion at '''[[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]]''', you may make a request regarding this project at '''[[Wikiversity:Request custodian action]]'''. 

Yours truly, --[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 06:07, 20 December 2022 (UTC)
{{Robelbox/close}}

== See also ==
* [[MediaWiki:Deletereason-dropdown]] - List of common deletion reasons displayed in the deletion interface.
* [[:Category:Candidates for speedy deletion]] - List of current resources suggested for [[#Speedy|speedy deletion]].
* [[:Category:Proposed deletions]] - List of current resources [[#Proposed|proposed]] for deletion.
* [[:Category:Requests for Deletion]] - List of resources with active deletion [[#Discussion|discussions]].

{{Official policies}}
{{Proposed policies}}
{{subpagesif}}
[[Category:Wikiversity deletion]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2809976</id>
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        <id>10242</id>
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      <comment>/* Criteria for speedy deletion */ Custodians -&gt; [[Wikiversity:Support staff|support staff]]</comment>
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{{nutshell|what=Guideline|While deletion is sometimes permissible when a good reason is given, resources can often blossom when participants are taught good wiki practices and how to implement concrete improvements. These templates are recommended for use by those involved with page deletions:
* '''Speedy delete''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for pages you authored, as well as for pages that clearly don't belong in [[Help:Namespaces|mainspace]]
* '''Proposed deletions''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|prod}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for pages that perhaps should be deleted (or moved to draft or user space) unless they are improved
* '''Deletion requests''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for large projects and difficult decisions
* '''Move to draft or user space''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for research and student efforts (templates and policy guidelines under construction)

'''Don't worry if you use the wrong template!'''  It is far more important that you help than that you pick the &quot;right&quot; template. Moreover, the question of which template to pick is highly subjective. There is usually more than one &quot;right&quot; template.}}

This '''deletion guideline''' explains when and why [[Wikiversity:Custodians|custodians]] may delete and restore resources or specific revisions of a resource. The [[Special:Log/delete|deletion log]] allows anyone to track deletions and restorations at Wikiversity. Deletion removes access while keeping resources and their development histories intact. Access can be restored through undeletion. Deletions and undeletions are discussed at [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]].

== Types of deletion ==
=== Speedy ===
Resources may be subject to speedy deletion when a good reason is given by adding {{tlx|delete|''your good reason''}}. You may [[#Discussion|request community feedback]], or object with or without explanation by removing the speedy deletion suggestion from the resource. Resources may not be subject to speedy deletion when a reasonable objection is made or is likely because participants may be able to learn how to implement concrete improvements when taught appropriate practices.

====Criteria for speedy deletion====
{{shortcut|WV:CSD|WV:DB|WV:SD|WV:SPEEDY}}
A non-exhaustive list of possible reasons [[Wikiversity:Support staff|support staff]] may speedy delete resources include:

#'''Test page''' to practice use of the wiki software outside user space.  Experiment in the [[Wikiversity:Sandbox]]. Consider [[Wikiversity:Welcome templates|Welcoming the user]].
#'''[[Wikiversity:What is Wikiversity|No educational objectives]]''' or discussion in history. [[Wikiversity:Welcome templates|Welcome users and resources]] when likely to be expanded shortly.
#'''Solicitation''' for products, services, companies, events, people or other things with no educational merit or which generate direct financial benefit to the contributor.
#'''Copyright work''' which do not satisfy [[Foundation:Terms of use|Wikimedia's Terms of Use]].
#'''Resource [[m:transwiki|moved]]''' to another project due to [[Wikiversity:Scope|scope]], or file uploaded to [[commons:|Wikimedia Commons]] with history intact and links fixed.
#'''Author request''' by an only contributor or only substantial contributor, or arising from an expressed consensus of contributors.
#'''[[Wikiversity:Vandalism|Vandalism]]''' and user pages for vandalism-only accounts.
#'''Discussion''' about deleted resources where context is lost and becoming an independent resource is unlikely.
#'''Repost''' with no concrete improvements to merit keeping.
#'''Archaic redirect''' with no educational histories, no links, and either no appropriate targets or not likely to be searched for.
#'''Empty category''' with no notice suggesting the category may be occasionally empty.
#'''Unused file''' lacking either a license or a source may be deleted one week after uploader is notified.
#'''Reasonable maintenance task''' such as repairing cut-and-paste moves, and moving resources over a redirect.
#'''Serious ethical breach,''' where a resource standing undeleted may cause harm.

=== {{anchor|Proposed deletion}}Proposed deletion (prod)===
{{shortcut|WV:PROD|WV:PRD|WV:PD}}
Resources may be eligible for proposed deletion when education objectives and learning outcomes are scarce, and objections to deletion are unlikely. You may add {{tlxs|prod}} to the top of resources to propose deletion. A custodian may examine the resource after 90 days, and either delete the resource or remove the proposal. Anyone may object by removing the proposed deletion template from the resource, with or without an explanation on the resource's discussion page. Anyone still considering that the resource should be deleted may [[#Discussion|discuss deletion]].

== {{anchor|Deletion discussions|Discussion}}How to discuss ==
You should [[WV:AGF|ask questions and discuss concerns]] with participants, make an effort to [[Wikiversity:Be bold|resolve problems yourself]], and try [[#Alternatives to deletion|alternatives]] as appropriate before suggesting deletion for resources with substantial development histories and contributions from multiple participants. You may ask for guidance and advice, explain what you have done or will do, and discuss options at [[Wikiversity:Requests for deletion]]. Resources are generally kept when a community [[Wikiversity:Consensus|decision]] is inconclusive. Add {{tl|rfd}} to the top of resources to draw attention to the discussion. As a courtesy, you may also notify any participants directly.

Be concise and specific when suggesting solutions, because the preferred outcome is one participants can learn from to implement concrete improvements. On occasion, deletion might be permissible when productivity from a fresh start is likely and concerns relate to Wikiversity's [[Wikiversity:Mission|mission]], [[Wikiversity:Scope|scope]], [[Wikiversity:Process|process]], or [[Wikiversity:Policies|policy]] in some way. If you can raise concerns not addressed by a previous discussion, you may begin a new discussion at [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion|Requests for Deletion]]. Reasonable requests for resources to be restored during discussion are honored, where possible. Please only participate if you are willing to keep an open mind and make an effort to improve resources.

==Alternatives to deletion==
{{shortcut|ATD|WV:ATD}}
[[Wikiversity:Who are Wikiversity participants?|Participants]] can often implement concrete improvements and develop resources further when taught appropriate practices. Possible alternatives to deletion include:

{| style=&quot;border:5px solid #cccccc; border-collapse:separate; border-spacing:1em 1em;&quot;
 |-
 ! What
 ! Solution
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Broken redirects
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Redirect to another appropriate target
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | In a foreign language
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Translate to English, move to target language Wikiversity, or move to [[BetaWikiversity:|Beta Wikiversity]] if there is no Wikiversity in that language 
 |-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Outside learning project's scope
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Merge with another learning project or use to start a new learning project
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Missing or incomplete license information
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Assist user in supplying information, supply it if possible
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Outside of Wikiversity's [[WV:scope|scope]]
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Move to another Wikimedia project or website as appropriate. Some resources may be appropriate in userspace, like personal essays
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Insufficient or unclear
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | If the potential educational value of resources is insufficient or unclear, consider moving to draft or user space 
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Too big or small
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Split big resources into smaller resources or reorganize into subpages. Merge small resources or redirect to a bigger resource.
 |}

Anyone may [[Wikiversity:Be bold|boldly]] implement concrete improvements that reasonably encourages collaborative education, or discuss alternative solutions on a resource's discussion page.

==Deletion templates==
{{center|''This section is still subject to approval by the community.  Visit [[Wikiversity talk:Deletions]] to discuss.''}} 
Remove resources from mainspace that cannot be directly used by teachers and instructors by using the following templates:
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt; for ''speedy deletion''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|prod}}&lt;/code&gt; for a ''proposed deletion'' 
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt; for a ''deletion request''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|pagemove announcement}}&lt;/code&gt; informs the editors that their page or resource is likely to be moved to either draftspace or userspace.  Wikiversity is a complex interaction between instructor teaching materials, student efforts, and even research.  There is a (growing?) consensus that mainspace focus on teaching resources.
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|draftify}}&lt;/code&gt; for ''proposed moving to the Draft: namespace''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|draft archive}}&lt;/code&gt; for proposal for '' moving under Draft:Archive/ '' (proposal is under construction)

===Speedy deletion===
*Use &lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{delete|(with optional explanation)}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
Use '''Speedy deletion''' for uncontroversial deletions.  Placing '''&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{delete|&lt;suggested reasons go here ...&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;''' at the top of a page creates this banner:
&lt;!-- THIS TEXT WAS CREATED BY CALLING THE TEMPLATE WITH tlxs--&gt;
{{ambox
|type=speedy
|text=This {{lc:{{NAMESPACE}}}} page may qualify for [[Wikiversity:Deletions|speedy deletion]] because: &lt;suggested reasons go here...&gt;&lt;br/&gt;{{#ifeq:{{{self}}}
|yes
|If you disagree, please remove this notice.&lt;br /&gt;
|If you disagree or intend to fix it, and '''you have not contributed to it before''', you may remove this notice. If you have contributed before and disagree, please explain why on {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}
 |{{TALKSPACE}}
 |this discussion page
 |[[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|the discussion page]]
}}, after adding &lt;span style=&quot;font-family:'Lucida Console', monospace&quot;&gt;{{Tl|hangon}}&lt;/span&gt; to the top of the {{lc:{{NAMESPACE}}}}. This will alert [[Wikiversity:Support staff|curators and custodians]] to your intention, and may permit you the time to write your explanation.  Try to make your explanation more eloquent and less hysterical than the example shown above.
}}

&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;''Before [{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|action=delete}} deleting] check the [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|discussion page]], [[Special:Whatlinkshere/{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|what links here]], [{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|action=history}} history] ([{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|diff=0}} last edit]), the [{{fullurl:Special:Log|page={{SUBJECTPAGENAMEE}}}} page log], and [[Wikiversity:Deletions]]. ''&lt;/span&gt;
}}
&lt;!--Must delete this: [[Category:Candidates for speedy deletion|{{PAGENAME}}]]--&gt;
&lt;!-- Ends the delete demonstration--&gt;

The most common use of ''speedy deletion'' is for pages written by a single author and which include copyright violations, pseudoscientific claims, inappropriate language, advertisements, or slander or other efforts to harass living persons. 

Anything that potentially causes harm should be immediately deleted, and ''speedy deletion'' is the fastest way to nominate a page for removal.  But a ''speedy deletion'' is also the most time-consuming to revert (if the resource actually gets deleted).  A good rule of thumb is never to speedy delete a resource that might be [[wikt:salvable|salvable]] or has had active edits in the past three years. Also, hesitate before you ''speedy delete'' a project or a large number of subpages, as reverting such deletions can be extremely time-consuming.

===Proposed deletion===
*Uses &lt;code&gt;{{tlxs|prod}}&lt;/code&gt;

'''Proposed deletion''' (or &quot;prod&quot;) is for pages that may or may not belong in mainspace. It creates allows editors to debate the deletion on the talk page and ponder other options such as moving to the user or draft namespace.  ''Prod'' draws attention and can result in an effort to improve the resource. ''Prod'' places the discussion about whether to delete on the talk page. ''Prod's'' greatest disadvantage is it causes projects to remain in mainspace until the question is resolved. A simple remedy for this is to move the project into user or draft space until an outcome has been decided. Custodians can move a resource with up to 100 subpages.&lt;ref&gt;Moving a resource with 300 subpages takes about three times as long as moving one with 100 subpages, with the added feature that the moved resources is now required to have 3 top pages (with 100 subpages each)&lt;/ref&gt; To understand how ''prod'' works, suppose that on January 1, 2000 you placed '''{{tlxs|prod}}''' at the top of a page to create this banner:

&lt;!-- THIS TEXT WAS CREATED BY CALLING THE TEMPLATE WITH tlxs--&gt;
{{Ombox
| type  = delete
| image = [[File:Orologio rosso.svg|45x45px|center|No license|link=]]
| text  = Please [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=edit}} help improve] the [[WV:WIW|educational quality]] of this resource to increase [[Wikiversity:Learning|engagement]] by [[Wikiversity:Who are Wikiversity participants?|participants]]. Any concrete improvements made by '''{{#time:F j, Y|January 1, 2000 +90 days}}''' may allow it to be [[WV:PROD|kept]]. &lt;br&gt;
You may remove &lt;nowiki&gt;{{proposed deletion}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; from this resource's source text to contest this proposal, with or without [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|discussion]].
}}

&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;{{#if:  | {{{style}}};}}&quot;&gt;[[Special:PrefixIndex/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|''Link to any subpages this page might have'']]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Ends the tlxs|prod demonstration--&gt;

Note that the deadline for improving the page is 90 days after the template was inserted. This gives editors time to improve the page or defend its virtues.  

'''IMPORTANT:''' The proper venue for all discussions is the [[Help:Talk page|talk page]] of the article under consideration.

===Deletion request===
* Uses &lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;

Use '''Deletion request''' if you think a developed page should be deleted or if the topic is complicated in some way. Begin by placing '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;''' at the top of the page to create:
{{ambox
|image = [[File:User-trash.svg|50x50px|link=]]
|text='''Please [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion#{{FULLPAGENAME}}|share your thoughts]] about whether to [[Wikiversity:Deletions|keep this resource or not]]'''. Resources are likely to remain at Wikiversity when you [[Wikiversity:Be bold|boldly]] address reasonable concerns through concrete improvements. We encourage you to give resources a  chance to receive fair reviews and concrete improvements by keeping nomination notices intact.}}
{{center|[[Special:PrefixIndex/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|''Link to any subpages this page might have'']]}}
{{Shortcut|Deletion request|Dr|DR|Rfd|RfD}} 

Click the words [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion|'''share your thoughts''']] in the box. This will lead to a page called [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]]. Follow the instructions for starting a discussion.  Explain why you think the page should be deleted. Be prepared to engage in discussion about the page's value. At some point the discussion will be closed. Sometimes the decision may be to place the article in [[Wikiversity:Drafts|draft space]] or on a subpage of their [[Help:User page|user page]].
*{{spaces|2}}''See also [[w:Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_democracy|Wikipedia is not a democracy]]''

===Pagemove announcement===
*Uses &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{subst:Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
The advantage of moving material into the users or draft namespace is that less time is spent discussing and more time cleaning up. Wikiversity has a limited staff of volunteers, and the quicker decisions are made, the more that can be done. There is a lot of work to do and the work is important. Too many obscure pages in mainspace degrades gives others a bad impression of Wikiversity. On the other hand, people should be encouraged write on Wikiversity about all sorts of topics. The goal is to separate materials recommend for teachers and learners from the discovery, research, and introspection done by Wikiversity users.

A procedure and guidelines for moving mainspace resources into user and draft space is under construction.

'''&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{subst:Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;''' is used to communicate with all the page's main authors' talk pages and looks like this:
{{Robelbox|theme=8|title=Removal of a project from mainspace|width=100%}}
To ''Somebody's username'':

The project '''&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Some page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' has been moved to '''&lt;nowiki&gt;[[User:Somebody's username/Some page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''  

A tentative decision has been made to remove this project from [[Wikiversity:namespaces|mainspace]].  If this move is not under discussion at '''[[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]]''', you may make a request regarding this project at '''[[Wikiversity:Request custodian action]]'''. 

Yours truly, --[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 06:07, 20 December 2022 (UTC)
{{Robelbox/close}}

== See also ==
* [[MediaWiki:Deletereason-dropdown]] - List of common deletion reasons displayed in the deletion interface.
* [[:Category:Candidates for speedy deletion]] - List of current resources suggested for [[#Speedy|speedy deletion]].
* [[:Category:Proposed deletions]] - List of current resources [[#Proposed|proposed]] for deletion.
* [[:Category:Requests for Deletion]] - List of resources with active deletion [[#Discussion|discussions]].

{{Official policies}}
{{Proposed policies}}
{{subpagesif}}
[[Category:Wikiversity deletion]]</text>
      <sha1>olcx7hnmx6rmatm729uexjmbvaich1e</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2809978</id>
      <parentid>2809976</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-17T23:42:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Criteria for speedy deletion */ Sort and modify list for greater consistency with [[MediaWiki:Deletereason-dropdown]]</comment>
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      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="18416" sha1="guvfw028vdio3ora7qb7kv4f39i207p" xml:space="preserve">{{guideline|WV:D|WV:DEL|WV:DELETE}}
{{nutshell|what=Guideline|While deletion is sometimes permissible when a good reason is given, resources can often blossom when participants are taught good wiki practices and how to implement concrete improvements. These templates are recommended for use by those involved with page deletions:
* '''Speedy delete''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for pages you authored, as well as for pages that clearly don't belong in [[Help:Namespaces|mainspace]]
* '''Proposed deletions''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|prod}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for pages that perhaps should be deleted (or moved to draft or user space) unless they are improved
* '''Deletion requests''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for large projects and difficult decisions
* '''Move to draft or user space''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for research and student efforts (templates and policy guidelines under construction)

'''Don't worry if you use the wrong template!'''  It is far more important that you help than that you pick the &quot;right&quot; template. Moreover, the question of which template to pick is highly subjective. There is usually more than one &quot;right&quot; template.}}

This '''deletion guideline''' explains when and why [[Wikiversity:Custodians|custodians]] may delete and restore resources or specific revisions of a resource. The [[Special:Log/delete|deletion log]] allows anyone to track deletions and restorations at Wikiversity. Deletion removes access while keeping resources and their development histories intact. Access can be restored through undeletion. Deletions and undeletions are discussed at [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]].

== Types of deletion ==
=== Speedy ===
Resources may be subject to speedy deletion when a good reason is given by adding {{tlx|delete|''your good reason''}}. You may [[#Discussion|request community feedback]], or object with or without explanation by removing the speedy deletion suggestion from the resource. Resources may not be subject to speedy deletion when a reasonable objection is made or is likely because participants may be able to learn how to implement concrete improvements when taught appropriate practices.

====Criteria for speedy deletion====
{{shortcut|WV:CSD|WV:DB|WV:SD|WV:SPEEDY}}
A non-exhaustive list of possible reasons [[Wikiversity:Support staff|support staff]] may speedy delete resources include:

;Common reasons
# '''Test page''' to practice use of the wiki software outside user space.  Experiment in the [[Wikiversity:Sandbox]]. Consider [[Wikiversity:Welcome templates|Welcoming the user]].
#'''[[Wikiversity:Vandalism|Vandalism]]''' and user pages for vandalism-only accounts.
#'''Solicitation''' for products, services, companies, events, people, or other things with no educational merit or which generate direct financial benefit to the contributor.
#'''Spam''' consisting of bulk automated creations, cross-wiki cross-posting, or repetitive external links with no educational value
#'''Repost''' with no concrete improvements to merit keeping. User should [[WV:RFD|request undeletion]] instead.
#'''Author request''' by an only contributor or only substantial contributor, or arising from an expressed consensus of contributors.
#'''Empty category''' with no notice suggesting the category may be occasionally empty.
#'''Copyrighted work''' which does not satisfy [[Foundation:Terms of use|Wikimedia's Terms of Use]].
#'''Orphaned, broken, or unused redirect''' with no educational histories, no links, and either no appropriate targets or not likely to be searched for.
#'''No [[WV:WIW|educational objectives]]''' or discussion in history. [[Wikiversity:Welcome templates|Welcome users]] and resources when likely to be expanded shortly.
#'''No [[Wikiversity:Research|research objectives]]''' or discussion in history. [[Wikiversity:Welcome templates|Welcome users]] and resources when likely to be expanded shortly.

;Less common reasons
# '''Abandoned resource'''
# '''Per [[WV:PROD|proposed deletion]]'''
# '''Per [[Wikiversity:Deletions#Discussion|request for deletion]]'''
# '''Basic maintenance''' such as repairing cut-and-paste moves, and moving resources over a redirect.
# '''Discussion''' about deleted resource where context is lost and becoming an independent resource is unlikely
# '''Resource [[m:transwiki|moved]]''' to another project due to [[Wikiversity:Scope|scope]], or file uploaded to [[commons:|Wikimedia Commons]] with history intact and links fixed.
#'''Unused file''' lacking either a license or a source may be deleted one week after uploader is notified.
#'''Ethical breach''' where a resource standing undeleted may cause harm
# '''Not English'''. See https://www.wikiversity.org to find where contributions may be appreciated
# '''History merge'''
# '''Deletion test'''

=== {{anchor|Proposed deletion}}Proposed deletion (prod)===
{{shortcut|WV:PROD|WV:PRD|WV:PD}}
Resources may be eligible for proposed deletion when education objectives and learning outcomes are scarce, and objections to deletion are unlikely. You may add {{tlxs|prod}} to the top of resources to propose deletion. A custodian may examine the resource after 90 days, and either delete the resource or remove the proposal. Anyone may object by removing the proposed deletion template from the resource, with or without an explanation on the resource's discussion page. Anyone still considering that the resource should be deleted may [[#Discussion|discuss deletion]].

== {{anchor|Deletion discussions|Discussion}}How to discuss ==
You should [[WV:AGF|ask questions and discuss concerns]] with participants, make an effort to [[Wikiversity:Be bold|resolve problems yourself]], and try [[#Alternatives to deletion|alternatives]] as appropriate before suggesting deletion for resources with substantial development histories and contributions from multiple participants. You may ask for guidance and advice, explain what you have done or will do, and discuss options at [[Wikiversity:Requests for deletion]]. Resources are generally kept when a community [[Wikiversity:Consensus|decision]] is inconclusive. Add {{tl|rfd}} to the top of resources to draw attention to the discussion. As a courtesy, you may also notify any participants directly.

Be concise and specific when suggesting solutions, because the preferred outcome is one participants can learn from to implement concrete improvements. On occasion, deletion might be permissible when productivity from a fresh start is likely and concerns relate to Wikiversity's [[Wikiversity:Mission|mission]], [[Wikiversity:Scope|scope]], [[Wikiversity:Process|process]], or [[Wikiversity:Policies|policy]] in some way. If you can raise concerns not addressed by a previous discussion, you may begin a new discussion at [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion|Requests for Deletion]]. Reasonable requests for resources to be restored during discussion are honored, where possible. Please only participate if you are willing to keep an open mind and make an effort to improve resources.

==Alternatives to deletion==
{{shortcut|ATD|WV:ATD}}
[[Wikiversity:Who are Wikiversity participants?|Participants]] can often implement concrete improvements and develop resources further when taught appropriate practices. Possible alternatives to deletion include:

{| style=&quot;border:5px solid #cccccc; border-collapse:separate; border-spacing:1em 1em;&quot;
 |-
 ! What
 ! Solution
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Broken redirects
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Redirect to another appropriate target
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | In a foreign language
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Translate to English, move to target language Wikiversity, or move to [[BetaWikiversity:|Beta Wikiversity]] if there is no Wikiversity in that language 
 |-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Outside learning project's scope
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Merge with another learning project or use to start a new learning project
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Missing or incomplete license information
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Assist user in supplying information, supply it if possible
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Outside of Wikiversity's [[WV:scope|scope]]
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Move to another Wikimedia project or website as appropriate. Some resources may be appropriate in userspace, like personal essays
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Insufficient or unclear
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | If the potential educational value of resources is insufficient or unclear, consider moving to draft or user space 
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Too big or small
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Split big resources into smaller resources or reorganize into subpages. Merge small resources or redirect to a bigger resource.
 |}

Anyone may [[Wikiversity:Be bold|boldly]] implement concrete improvements that reasonably encourages collaborative education, or discuss alternative solutions on a resource's discussion page.

==Deletion templates==
{{center|''This section is still subject to approval by the community.  Visit [[Wikiversity talk:Deletions]] to discuss.''}} 
Remove resources from mainspace that cannot be directly used by teachers and instructors by using the following templates:
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt; for ''speedy deletion''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|prod}}&lt;/code&gt; for a ''proposed deletion'' 
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt; for a ''deletion request''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|pagemove announcement}}&lt;/code&gt; informs the editors that their page or resource is likely to be moved to either draftspace or userspace.  Wikiversity is a complex interaction between instructor teaching materials, student efforts, and even research.  There is a (growing?) consensus that mainspace focus on teaching resources.
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|draftify}}&lt;/code&gt; for ''proposed moving to the Draft: namespace''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|draft archive}}&lt;/code&gt; for proposal for '' moving under Draft:Archive/ '' (proposal is under construction)

===Speedy deletion===
*Use &lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{delete|(with optional explanation)}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
Use '''Speedy deletion''' for uncontroversial deletions.  Placing '''&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{delete|&lt;suggested reasons go here ...&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;''' at the top of a page creates this banner:
&lt;!-- THIS TEXT WAS CREATED BY CALLING THE TEMPLATE WITH tlxs--&gt;
{{ambox
|type=speedy
|text=This {{lc:{{NAMESPACE}}}} page may qualify for [[Wikiversity:Deletions|speedy deletion]] because: &lt;suggested reasons go here...&gt;&lt;br/&gt;{{#ifeq:{{{self}}}
|yes
|If you disagree, please remove this notice.&lt;br /&gt;
|If you disagree or intend to fix it, and '''you have not contributed to it before''', you may remove this notice. If you have contributed before and disagree, please explain why on {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}
 |{{TALKSPACE}}
 |this discussion page
 |[[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|the discussion page]]
}}, after adding &lt;span style=&quot;font-family:'Lucida Console', monospace&quot;&gt;{{Tl|hangon}}&lt;/span&gt; to the top of the {{lc:{{NAMESPACE}}}}. This will alert [[Wikiversity:Support staff|curators and custodians]] to your intention, and may permit you the time to write your explanation.  Try to make your explanation more eloquent and less hysterical than the example shown above.
}}

&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;''Before [{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|action=delete}} deleting] check the [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|discussion page]], [[Special:Whatlinkshere/{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|what links here]], [{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|action=history}} history] ([{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|diff=0}} last edit]), the [{{fullurl:Special:Log|page={{SUBJECTPAGENAMEE}}}} page log], and [[Wikiversity:Deletions]]. ''&lt;/span&gt;
}}
&lt;!--Must delete this: [[Category:Candidates for speedy deletion|{{PAGENAME}}]]--&gt;
&lt;!-- Ends the delete demonstration--&gt;

The most common use of ''speedy deletion'' is for pages written by a single author and which include copyright violations, pseudoscientific claims, inappropriate language, advertisements, or slander or other efforts to harass living persons. 

Anything that potentially causes harm should be immediately deleted, and ''speedy deletion'' is the fastest way to nominate a page for removal.  But a ''speedy deletion'' is also the most time-consuming to revert (if the resource actually gets deleted).  A good rule of thumb is never to speedy delete a resource that might be [[wikt:salvable|salvable]] or has had active edits in the past three years. Also, hesitate before you ''speedy delete'' a project or a large number of subpages, as reverting such deletions can be extremely time-consuming.

===Proposed deletion===
*Uses &lt;code&gt;{{tlxs|prod}}&lt;/code&gt;

'''Proposed deletion''' (or &quot;prod&quot;) is for pages that may or may not belong in mainspace. It creates allows editors to debate the deletion on the talk page and ponder other options such as moving to the user or draft namespace.  ''Prod'' draws attention and can result in an effort to improve the resource. ''Prod'' places the discussion about whether to delete on the talk page. ''Prod's'' greatest disadvantage is it causes projects to remain in mainspace until the question is resolved. A simple remedy for this is to move the project into user or draft space until an outcome has been decided. Custodians can move a resource with up to 100 subpages.&lt;ref&gt;Moving a resource with 300 subpages takes about three times as long as moving one with 100 subpages, with the added feature that the moved resources is now required to have 3 top pages (with 100 subpages each)&lt;/ref&gt; To understand how ''prod'' works, suppose that on January 1, 2000 you placed '''{{tlxs|prod}}''' at the top of a page to create this banner:

&lt;!-- THIS TEXT WAS CREATED BY CALLING THE TEMPLATE WITH tlxs--&gt;
{{Ombox
| type  = delete
| image = [[File:Orologio rosso.svg|45x45px|center|No license|link=]]
| text  = Please [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=edit}} help improve] the [[WV:WIW|educational quality]] of this resource to increase [[Wikiversity:Learning|engagement]] by [[Wikiversity:Who are Wikiversity participants?|participants]]. Any concrete improvements made by '''{{#time:F j, Y|January 1, 2000 +90 days}}''' may allow it to be [[WV:PROD|kept]]. &lt;br&gt;
You may remove &lt;nowiki&gt;{{proposed deletion}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; from this resource's source text to contest this proposal, with or without [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|discussion]].
}}

&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;{{#if:  | {{{style}}};}}&quot;&gt;[[Special:PrefixIndex/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|''Link to any subpages this page might have'']]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Ends the tlxs|prod demonstration--&gt;

Note that the deadline for improving the page is 90 days after the template was inserted. This gives editors time to improve the page or defend its virtues.  

'''IMPORTANT:''' The proper venue for all discussions is the [[Help:Talk page|talk page]] of the article under consideration.

===Deletion request===
* Uses &lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;

Use '''Deletion request''' if you think a developed page should be deleted or if the topic is complicated in some way. Begin by placing '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;''' at the top of the page to create:
{{ambox
|image = [[File:User-trash.svg|50x50px|link=]]
|text='''Please [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion#{{FULLPAGENAME}}|share your thoughts]] about whether to [[Wikiversity:Deletions|keep this resource or not]]'''. Resources are likely to remain at Wikiversity when you [[Wikiversity:Be bold|boldly]] address reasonable concerns through concrete improvements. We encourage you to give resources a  chance to receive fair reviews and concrete improvements by keeping nomination notices intact.}}
{{center|[[Special:PrefixIndex/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|''Link to any subpages this page might have'']]}}
{{Shortcut|Deletion request|Dr|DR|Rfd|RfD}} 

Click the words [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion|'''share your thoughts''']] in the box. This will lead to a page called [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]]. Follow the instructions for starting a discussion.  Explain why you think the page should be deleted. Be prepared to engage in discussion about the page's value. At some point the discussion will be closed. Sometimes the decision may be to place the article in [[Wikiversity:Drafts|draft space]] or on a subpage of their [[Help:User page|user page]].
*{{spaces|2}}''See also [[w:Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_democracy|Wikipedia is not a democracy]]''

===Pagemove announcement===
*Uses &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{subst:Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
The advantage of moving material into the users or draft namespace is that less time is spent discussing and more time cleaning up. Wikiversity has a limited staff of volunteers, and the quicker decisions are made, the more that can be done. There is a lot of work to do and the work is important. Too many obscure pages in mainspace degrades gives others a bad impression of Wikiversity. On the other hand, people should be encouraged write on Wikiversity about all sorts of topics. The goal is to separate materials recommend for teachers and learners from the discovery, research, and introspection done by Wikiversity users.

A procedure and guidelines for moving mainspace resources into user and draft space is under construction.

'''&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{subst:Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;''' is used to communicate with all the page's main authors' talk pages and looks like this:
{{Robelbox|theme=8|title=Removal of a project from mainspace|width=100%}}
To ''Somebody's username'':

The project '''&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Some page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' has been moved to '''&lt;nowiki&gt;[[User:Somebody's username/Some page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''  

A tentative decision has been made to remove this project from [[Wikiversity:namespaces|mainspace]].  If this move is not under discussion at '''[[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]]''', you may make a request regarding this project at '''[[Wikiversity:Request custodian action]]'''. 

Yours truly, --[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 06:07, 20 December 2022 (UTC)
{{Robelbox/close}}

== See also ==
* [[MediaWiki:Deletereason-dropdown]] - List of common deletion reasons displayed in the deletion interface.
* [[:Category:Candidates for speedy deletion]] - List of current resources suggested for [[#Speedy|speedy deletion]].
* [[:Category:Proposed deletions]] - List of current resources [[#Proposed|proposed]] for deletion.
* [[:Category:Requests for Deletion]] - List of resources with active deletion [[#Discussion|discussions]].

{{Official policies}}
{{Proposed policies}}
{{subpagesif}}
[[Category:Wikiversity deletion]]</text>
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    </revision>
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        <id>10242</id>
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      <text bytes="18379" sha1="gbwk10pir978ikfwoxjt78cnfwfk1la" xml:space="preserve">{{guideline|WV:D|WV:DEL|WV:DELETE}}
{{nutshell|what=Guideline|While deletion is sometimes permissible when a good reason is given, resources can often blossom when participants are taught good wiki practices and how to implement concrete improvements. These templates are recommended for use by those involved with page deletions:
* '''Speedy delete''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for pages you authored, as well as for pages that clearly don't belong in [[Help:Namespaces|mainspace]]
* '''Proposed deletions''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|prod}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for pages that perhaps should be deleted (or moved to draft or user space) unless they are improved
* '''Deletion requests''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for large projects and difficult decisions
* '''Move to draft or user space''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for research and student efforts (templates and policy guidelines under construction)

'''Don't worry about selecting the &quot;correct&quot; template''', as more than one template may be appropriate. It is more important to provide assistance by flagging resources that you think shouldn't be on Wikiversity.}}

This '''deletion guideline''' explains when and why [[Wikiversity:Custodians|custodians]] may delete and restore resources or specific revisions of a resource. The [[Special:Log/delete|deletion log]] allows anyone to track deletions and restorations at Wikiversity. Deletion removes access while keeping resources and their development histories intact. Access can be restored through undeletion. Deletions and undeletions are discussed at [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]].

== Types of deletion ==
=== Speedy ===
Resources may be subject to speedy deletion when a good reason is given by adding {{tlx|delete|''your good reason''}}. You may [[#Discussion|request community feedback]], or object with or without explanation by removing the speedy deletion suggestion from the resource. Resources may not be subject to speedy deletion when a reasonable objection is made or is likely because participants may be able to learn how to implement concrete improvements when taught appropriate practices.

====Criteria for speedy deletion====
{{shortcut|WV:CSD|WV:DB|WV:SD|WV:SPEEDY}}
A non-exhaustive list of possible reasons [[Wikiversity:Support staff|support staff]] may speedy delete resources include:

;Common reasons
# '''Test page''' to practice use of the wiki software outside user space.  Experiment in the [[Wikiversity:Sandbox]]. Consider [[Wikiversity:Welcome templates|Welcoming the user]].
#'''[[Wikiversity:Vandalism|Vandalism]]''' and user pages for vandalism-only accounts.
#'''Solicitation''' for products, services, companies, events, people, or other things with no educational merit or which generate direct financial benefit to the contributor.
#'''Spam''' consisting of bulk automated creations, cross-wiki cross-posting, or repetitive external links with no educational value
#'''Repost''' with no concrete improvements to merit keeping. User should [[WV:RFD|request undeletion]] instead.
#'''Author request''' by an only contributor or only substantial contributor, or arising from an expressed consensus of contributors.
#'''Empty category''' with no notice suggesting the category may be occasionally empty.
#'''Copyrighted work''' which does not satisfy [[Foundation:Terms of use|Wikimedia's Terms of Use]].
#'''Orphaned, broken, or unused redirect''' with no educational histories, no links, and either no appropriate targets or not likely to be searched for.
#'''No [[WV:WIW|educational objectives]]''' or discussion in history. [[Wikiversity:Welcome templates|Welcome users]] and resources when likely to be expanded shortly.
#'''No [[Wikiversity:Research|research objectives]]''' or discussion in history. [[Wikiversity:Welcome templates|Welcome users]] and resources when likely to be expanded shortly.

;Less common reasons
# '''Abandoned resource'''
# '''Per [[WV:PROD|proposed deletion]]'''
# '''Per [[Wikiversity:Deletions#Discussion|request for deletion]]'''
# '''Basic maintenance''' such as repairing cut-and-paste moves, and moving resources over a redirect.
# '''Discussion''' about deleted resource where context is lost and becoming an independent resource is unlikely
# '''Resource [[m:transwiki|moved]]''' to another project due to [[Wikiversity:Scope|scope]], or file uploaded to [[commons:|Wikimedia Commons]] with history intact and links fixed.
#'''Unused file''' lacking either a license or a source may be deleted one week after uploader is notified.
#'''Ethical breach''' where a resource standing undeleted may cause harm
# '''Not English'''. See https://www.wikiversity.org to find where contributions may be appreciated
# '''History merge'''
# '''Deletion test'''

=== {{anchor|Proposed deletion}}Proposed deletion (prod)===
{{shortcut|WV:PROD|WV:PRD|WV:PD}}
Resources may be eligible for proposed deletion when education objectives and learning outcomes are scarce, and objections to deletion are unlikely. You may add {{tlxs|prod}} to the top of resources to propose deletion. A custodian may examine the resource after 90 days, and either delete the resource or remove the proposal. Anyone may object by removing the proposed deletion template from the resource, with or without an explanation on the resource's discussion page. Anyone still considering that the resource should be deleted may [[#Discussion|discuss deletion]].

== {{anchor|Deletion discussions|Discussion}}How to discuss ==
You should [[WV:AGF|ask questions and discuss concerns]] with participants, make an effort to [[Wikiversity:Be bold|resolve problems yourself]], and try [[#Alternatives to deletion|alternatives]] as appropriate before suggesting deletion for resources with substantial development histories and contributions from multiple participants. You may ask for guidance and advice, explain what you have done or will do, and discuss options at [[Wikiversity:Requests for deletion]]. Resources are generally kept when a community [[Wikiversity:Consensus|decision]] is inconclusive. Add {{tl|rfd}} to the top of resources to draw attention to the discussion. As a courtesy, you may also notify any participants directly.

Be concise and specific when suggesting solutions, because the preferred outcome is one participants can learn from to implement concrete improvements. On occasion, deletion might be permissible when productivity from a fresh start is likely and concerns relate to Wikiversity's [[Wikiversity:Mission|mission]], [[Wikiversity:Scope|scope]], [[Wikiversity:Process|process]], or [[Wikiversity:Policies|policy]] in some way. If you can raise concerns not addressed by a previous discussion, you may begin a new discussion at [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion|Requests for Deletion]]. Reasonable requests for resources to be restored during discussion are honored, where possible. Please only participate if you are willing to keep an open mind and make an effort to improve resources.

==Alternatives to deletion==
{{shortcut|ATD|WV:ATD}}
[[Wikiversity:Who are Wikiversity participants?|Participants]] can often implement concrete improvements and develop resources further when taught appropriate practices. Possible alternatives to deletion include:

{| style=&quot;border:5px solid #cccccc; border-collapse:separate; border-spacing:1em 1em;&quot;
 |-
 ! What
 ! Solution
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Broken redirects
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Redirect to another appropriate target
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | In a foreign language
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Translate to English, move to target language Wikiversity, or move to [[BetaWikiversity:|Beta Wikiversity]] if there is no Wikiversity in that language 
 |-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Outside learning project's scope
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Merge with another learning project or use to start a new learning project
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Missing or incomplete license information
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Assist user in supplying information, supply it if possible
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Outside of Wikiversity's [[WV:scope|scope]]
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Move to another Wikimedia project or website as appropriate. Some resources may be appropriate in userspace, like personal essays
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Insufficient or unclear
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | If the potential educational value of resources is insufficient or unclear, consider moving to draft or user space 
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Too big or small
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Split big resources into smaller resources or reorganize into subpages. Merge small resources or redirect to a bigger resource.
 |}

Anyone may [[Wikiversity:Be bold|boldly]] implement concrete improvements that reasonably encourages collaborative education, or discuss alternative solutions on a resource's discussion page.

==Deletion templates==
{{center|''This section is still subject to approval by the community.  Visit [[Wikiversity talk:Deletions]] to discuss.''}} 
Remove resources from mainspace that cannot be directly used by teachers and instructors by using the following templates:
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt; for ''speedy deletion''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|prod}}&lt;/code&gt; for a ''proposed deletion'' 
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt; for a ''deletion request''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|pagemove announcement}}&lt;/code&gt; informs the editors that their page or resource is likely to be moved to either draftspace or userspace.  Wikiversity is a complex interaction between instructor teaching materials, student efforts, and even research.  There is a (growing?) consensus that mainspace focus on teaching resources.
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|draftify}}&lt;/code&gt; for ''proposed moving to the Draft: namespace''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|draft archive}}&lt;/code&gt; for proposal for '' moving under Draft:Archive/ '' (proposal is under construction)

===Speedy deletion===
*Use &lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{delete|(with optional explanation)}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
Use '''Speedy deletion''' for uncontroversial deletions.  Placing '''&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{delete|&lt;suggested reasons go here ...&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;''' at the top of a page creates this banner:
&lt;!-- THIS TEXT WAS CREATED BY CALLING THE TEMPLATE WITH tlxs--&gt;
{{ambox
|type=speedy
|text=This {{lc:{{NAMESPACE}}}} page may qualify for [[Wikiversity:Deletions|speedy deletion]] because: &lt;suggested reasons go here...&gt;&lt;br/&gt;{{#ifeq:{{{self}}}
|yes
|If you disagree, please remove this notice.&lt;br /&gt;
|If you disagree or intend to fix it, and '''you have not contributed to it before''', you may remove this notice. If you have contributed before and disagree, please explain why on {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}
 |{{TALKSPACE}}
 |this discussion page
 |[[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|the discussion page]]
}}, after adding &lt;span style=&quot;font-family:'Lucida Console', monospace&quot;&gt;{{Tl|hangon}}&lt;/span&gt; to the top of the {{lc:{{NAMESPACE}}}}. This will alert [[Wikiversity:Support staff|curators and custodians]] to your intention, and may permit you the time to write your explanation.  Try to make your explanation more eloquent and less hysterical than the example shown above.
}}

&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;''Before [{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|action=delete}} deleting] check the [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|discussion page]], [[Special:Whatlinkshere/{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|what links here]], [{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|action=history}} history] ([{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|diff=0}} last edit]), the [{{fullurl:Special:Log|page={{SUBJECTPAGENAMEE}}}} page log], and [[Wikiversity:Deletions]]. ''&lt;/span&gt;
}}
&lt;!--Must delete this: [[Category:Candidates for speedy deletion|{{PAGENAME}}]]--&gt;
&lt;!-- Ends the delete demonstration--&gt;

The most common use of ''speedy deletion'' is for pages written by a single author and which include copyright violations, pseudoscientific claims, inappropriate language, advertisements, or slander or other efforts to harass living persons. 

Anything that potentially causes harm should be immediately deleted, and ''speedy deletion'' is the fastest way to nominate a page for removal.  But a ''speedy deletion'' is also the most time-consuming to revert (if the resource actually gets deleted).  A good rule of thumb is never to speedy delete a resource that might be [[wikt:salvable|salvable]] or has had active edits in the past three years. Also, hesitate before you ''speedy delete'' a project or a large number of subpages, as reverting such deletions can be extremely time-consuming.

===Proposed deletion===
*Uses &lt;code&gt;{{tlxs|prod}}&lt;/code&gt;

'''Proposed deletion''' (or &quot;prod&quot;) is for pages that may or may not belong in mainspace. It creates allows editors to debate the deletion on the talk page and ponder other options such as moving to the user or draft namespace.  ''Prod'' draws attention and can result in an effort to improve the resource. ''Prod'' places the discussion about whether to delete on the talk page. ''Prod's'' greatest disadvantage is it causes projects to remain in mainspace until the question is resolved. A simple remedy for this is to move the project into user or draft space until an outcome has been decided. Custodians can move a resource with up to 100 subpages.&lt;ref&gt;Moving a resource with 300 subpages takes about three times as long as moving one with 100 subpages, with the added feature that the moved resources is now required to have 3 top pages (with 100 subpages each)&lt;/ref&gt; To understand how ''prod'' works, suppose that on January 1, 2000 you placed '''{{tlxs|prod}}''' at the top of a page to create this banner:

&lt;!-- THIS TEXT WAS CREATED BY CALLING THE TEMPLATE WITH tlxs--&gt;
{{Ombox
| type  = delete
| image = [[File:Orologio rosso.svg|45x45px|center|No license|link=]]
| text  = Please [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=edit}} help improve] the [[WV:WIW|educational quality]] of this resource to increase [[Wikiversity:Learning|engagement]] by [[Wikiversity:Who are Wikiversity participants?|participants]]. Any concrete improvements made by '''{{#time:F j, Y|January 1, 2000 +90 days}}''' may allow it to be [[WV:PROD|kept]]. &lt;br&gt;
You may remove &lt;nowiki&gt;{{proposed deletion}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; from this resource's source text to contest this proposal, with or without [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|discussion]].
}}

&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;{{#if:  | {{{style}}};}}&quot;&gt;[[Special:PrefixIndex/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|''Link to any subpages this page might have'']]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Ends the tlxs|prod demonstration--&gt;

Note that the deadline for improving the page is 90 days after the template was inserted. This gives editors time to improve the page or defend its virtues.  

'''IMPORTANT:''' The proper venue for all discussions is the [[Help:Talk page|talk page]] of the article under consideration.

===Deletion request===
* Uses &lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;

Use '''Deletion request''' if you think a developed page should be deleted or if the topic is complicated in some way. Begin by placing '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;''' at the top of the page to create:
{{ambox
|image = [[File:User-trash.svg|50x50px|link=]]
|text='''Please [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion#{{FULLPAGENAME}}|share your thoughts]] about whether to [[Wikiversity:Deletions|keep this resource or not]]'''. Resources are likely to remain at Wikiversity when you [[Wikiversity:Be bold|boldly]] address reasonable concerns through concrete improvements. We encourage you to give resources a  chance to receive fair reviews and concrete improvements by keeping nomination notices intact.}}
{{center|[[Special:PrefixIndex/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|''Link to any subpages this page might have'']]}}
{{Shortcut|Deletion request|Dr|DR|Rfd|RfD}} 

Click the words [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion|'''share your thoughts''']] in the box. This will lead to a page called [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]]. Follow the instructions for starting a discussion.  Explain why you think the page should be deleted. Be prepared to engage in discussion about the page's value. At some point the discussion will be closed. Sometimes the decision may be to place the article in [[Wikiversity:Drafts|draft space]] or on a subpage of their [[Help:User page|user page]].
*{{spaces|2}}''See also [[w:Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_democracy|Wikipedia is not a democracy]]''

===Pagemove announcement===
*Uses &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{subst:Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
The advantage of moving material into the users or draft namespace is that less time is spent discussing and more time cleaning up. Wikiversity has a limited staff of volunteers, and the quicker decisions are made, the more that can be done. There is a lot of work to do and the work is important. Too many obscure pages in mainspace degrades gives others a bad impression of Wikiversity. On the other hand, people should be encouraged write on Wikiversity about all sorts of topics. The goal is to separate materials recommend for teachers and learners from the discovery, research, and introspection done by Wikiversity users.

A procedure and guidelines for moving mainspace resources into user and draft space is under construction.

'''&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{subst:Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;''' is used to communicate with all the page's main authors' talk pages and looks like this:
{{Robelbox|theme=8|title=Removal of a project from mainspace|width=100%}}
To ''Somebody's username'':

The project '''&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Some page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' has been moved to '''&lt;nowiki&gt;[[User:Somebody's username/Some page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''  

A tentative decision has been made to remove this project from [[Wikiversity:namespaces|mainspace]].  If this move is not under discussion at '''[[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]]''', you may make a request regarding this project at '''[[Wikiversity:Request custodian action]]'''. 

Yours truly, --[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 06:07, 20 December 2022 (UTC)
{{Robelbox/close}}

== See also ==
* [[MediaWiki:Deletereason-dropdown]] - List of common deletion reasons displayed in the deletion interface.
* [[:Category:Candidates for speedy deletion]] - List of current resources suggested for [[#Speedy|speedy deletion]].
* [[:Category:Proposed deletions]] - List of current resources [[#Proposed|proposed]] for deletion.
* [[:Category:Requests for Deletion]] - List of resources with active deletion [[#Discussion|discussions]].

{{Official policies}}
{{Proposed policies}}
{{subpagesif}}
[[Category:Wikiversity deletion]]</text>
      <sha1>gbwk10pir978ikfwoxjt78cnfwfk1la</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2809987</id>
      <parentid>2809986</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T00:32:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>custodian -&gt; support staff</comment>
      <origin>2809987</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="18380" sha1="0ntdwy2fkm9ysrxiizi743q2pazoc11" xml:space="preserve">{{guideline|WV:D|WV:DEL|WV:DELETE}}
{{nutshell|what=Guideline|While deletion is sometimes permissible when a good reason is given, resources can often blossom when participants are taught good wiki practices and how to implement concrete improvements. These templates are recommended for use by those involved with page deletions:
* '''Speedy delete''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for pages you authored, as well as for pages that clearly don't belong in [[Help:Namespaces|mainspace]]
* '''Proposed deletions''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|prod}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for pages that perhaps should be deleted (or moved to draft or user space) unless they are improved
* '''Deletion requests''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for large projects and difficult decisions
* '''Move to draft or user space''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for research and student efforts (templates and policy guidelines under construction)

'''Don't worry about selecting the &quot;correct&quot; template''', as more than one template may be appropriate. It is more important to provide assistance by flagging resources that you think shouldn't be on Wikiversity.}}

This '''deletion guideline''' explains when and why [[Wikiversity:Support staff|support staff]] may delete and restore resources or specific revisions of a resource. The [[Special:Log/delete|deletion log]] allows anyone to track deletions and restorations at Wikiversity. Deletion removes access while keeping resources and their development histories intact. Access can be restored through undeletion. Deletions and undeletions are discussed at [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]].

== Types of deletion ==
=== Speedy ===
Resources may be subject to speedy deletion when a good reason is given by adding {{tlx|delete|''your good reason''}}. You may [[#Discussion|request community feedback]], or object with or without explanation by removing the speedy deletion suggestion from the resource. Resources may not be subject to speedy deletion when a reasonable objection is made or is likely because participants may be able to learn how to implement concrete improvements when taught appropriate practices.

====Criteria for speedy deletion====
{{shortcut|WV:CSD|WV:DB|WV:SD|WV:SPEEDY}}
A non-exhaustive list of possible reasons [[Wikiversity:Support staff|support staff]] may speedy delete resources include:

;Common reasons
# '''Test page''' to practice use of the wiki software outside user space.  Experiment in the [[Wikiversity:Sandbox]]. Consider [[Wikiversity:Welcome templates|Welcoming the user]].
#'''[[Wikiversity:Vandalism|Vandalism]]''' and user pages for vandalism-only accounts.
#'''Solicitation''' for products, services, companies, events, people, or other things with no educational merit or which generate direct financial benefit to the contributor.
#'''Spam''' consisting of bulk automated creations, cross-wiki cross-posting, or repetitive external links with no educational value
#'''Repost''' with no concrete improvements to merit keeping. User should [[WV:RFD|request undeletion]] instead.
#'''Author request''' by an only contributor or only substantial contributor, or arising from an expressed consensus of contributors.
#'''Empty category''' with no notice suggesting the category may be occasionally empty.
#'''Copyrighted work''' which does not satisfy [[Foundation:Terms of use|Wikimedia's Terms of Use]].
#'''Orphaned, broken, or unused redirect''' with no educational histories, no links, and either no appropriate targets or not likely to be searched for.
#'''No [[WV:WIW|educational objectives]]''' or discussion in history. [[Wikiversity:Welcome templates|Welcome users]] and resources when likely to be expanded shortly.
#'''No [[Wikiversity:Research|research objectives]]''' or discussion in history. [[Wikiversity:Welcome templates|Welcome users]] and resources when likely to be expanded shortly.

;Less common reasons
# '''Abandoned resource'''
# '''Per [[WV:PROD|proposed deletion]]'''
# '''Per [[Wikiversity:Deletions#Discussion|request for deletion]]'''
# '''Basic maintenance''' such as repairing cut-and-paste moves, and moving resources over a redirect.
# '''Discussion''' about deleted resource where context is lost and becoming an independent resource is unlikely
# '''Resource [[m:transwiki|moved]]''' to another project due to [[Wikiversity:Scope|scope]], or file uploaded to [[commons:|Wikimedia Commons]] with history intact and links fixed.
#'''Unused file''' lacking either a license or a source may be deleted one week after uploader is notified.
#'''Ethical breach''' where a resource standing undeleted may cause harm
# '''Not English'''. See https://www.wikiversity.org to find where contributions may be appreciated
# '''History merge'''
# '''Deletion test'''

=== {{anchor|Proposed deletion}}Proposed deletion (prod)===
{{shortcut|WV:PROD|WV:PRD|WV:PD}}
Resources may be eligible for proposed deletion when education objectives and learning outcomes are scarce, and objections to deletion are unlikely. You may add {{tlxs|prod}} to the top of resources to propose deletion. Support staff may examine the resource after 90 days, and either delete the resource or remove the proposal. Anyone may object by removing the proposed deletion template from the resource, with or without an explanation on the resource's discussion page. Anyone still considering that the resource should be deleted may [[#Discussion|discuss deletion]].

== {{anchor|Deletion discussions|Discussion}}How to discuss ==
You should [[WV:AGF|ask questions and discuss concerns]] with participants, make an effort to [[Wikiversity:Be bold|resolve problems yourself]], and try [[#Alternatives to deletion|alternatives]] as appropriate before suggesting deletion for resources with substantial development histories and contributions from multiple participants. You may ask for guidance and advice, explain what you have done or will do, and discuss options at [[Wikiversity:Requests for deletion]]. Resources are generally kept when a community [[Wikiversity:Consensus|decision]] is inconclusive. Add {{tl|rfd}} to the top of resources to draw attention to the discussion. As a courtesy, you may also notify any participants directly.

Be concise and specific when suggesting solutions, because the preferred outcome is one participants can learn from to implement concrete improvements. On occasion, deletion might be permissible when productivity from a fresh start is likely and concerns relate to Wikiversity's [[Wikiversity:Mission|mission]], [[Wikiversity:Scope|scope]], [[Wikiversity:Process|process]], or [[Wikiversity:Policies|policy]] in some way. If you can raise concerns not addressed by a previous discussion, you may begin a new discussion at [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion|Requests for Deletion]]. Reasonable requests for resources to be restored during discussion are honored, where possible. Please only participate if you are willing to keep an open mind and make an effort to improve resources.

==Alternatives to deletion==
{{shortcut|ATD|WV:ATD}}
[[Wikiversity:Who are Wikiversity participants?|Participants]] can often implement concrete improvements and develop resources further when taught appropriate practices. Possible alternatives to deletion include:

{| style=&quot;border:5px solid #cccccc; border-collapse:separate; border-spacing:1em 1em;&quot;
 |-
 ! What
 ! Solution
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Broken redirects
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Redirect to another appropriate target
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | In a foreign language
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Translate to English, move to target language Wikiversity, or move to [[BetaWikiversity:|Beta Wikiversity]] if there is no Wikiversity in that language 
 |-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Outside learning project's scope
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Merge with another learning project or use to start a new learning project
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Missing or incomplete license information
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Assist user in supplying information, supply it if possible
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Outside of Wikiversity's [[WV:scope|scope]]
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Move to another Wikimedia project or website as appropriate. Some resources may be appropriate in userspace, like personal essays
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Insufficient or unclear
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | If the potential educational value of resources is insufficient or unclear, consider moving to draft or user space 
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Too big or small
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Split big resources into smaller resources or reorganize into subpages. Merge small resources or redirect to a bigger resource.
 |}

Anyone may [[Wikiversity:Be bold|boldly]] implement concrete improvements that reasonably encourages collaborative education, or discuss alternative solutions on a resource's discussion page.

==Deletion templates==
{{center|''This section is still subject to approval by the community.  Visit [[Wikiversity talk:Deletions]] to discuss.''}} 
Remove resources from mainspace that cannot be directly used by teachers and instructors by using the following templates:
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt; for ''speedy deletion''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|prod}}&lt;/code&gt; for a ''proposed deletion'' 
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt; for a ''deletion request''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|pagemove announcement}}&lt;/code&gt; informs the editors that their page or resource is likely to be moved to either draftspace or userspace.  Wikiversity is a complex interaction between instructor teaching materials, student efforts, and even research.  There is a (growing?) consensus that mainspace focus on teaching resources.
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|draftify}}&lt;/code&gt; for ''proposed moving to the Draft: namespace''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|draft archive}}&lt;/code&gt; for proposal for '' moving under Draft:Archive/ '' (proposal is under construction)

===Speedy deletion===
*Use &lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{delete|(with optional explanation)}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
Use '''Speedy deletion''' for uncontroversial deletions.  Placing '''&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{delete|&lt;suggested reasons go here ...&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;''' at the top of a page creates this banner:
&lt;!-- THIS TEXT WAS CREATED BY CALLING THE TEMPLATE WITH tlxs--&gt;
{{ambox
|type=speedy
|text=This {{lc:{{NAMESPACE}}}} page may qualify for [[Wikiversity:Deletions|speedy deletion]] because: &lt;suggested reasons go here...&gt;&lt;br/&gt;{{#ifeq:{{{self}}}
|yes
|If you disagree, please remove this notice.&lt;br /&gt;
|If you disagree or intend to fix it, and '''you have not contributed to it before''', you may remove this notice. If you have contributed before and disagree, please explain why on {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}
 |{{TALKSPACE}}
 |this discussion page
 |[[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|the discussion page]]
}}, after adding &lt;span style=&quot;font-family:'Lucida Console', monospace&quot;&gt;{{Tl|hangon}}&lt;/span&gt; to the top of the {{lc:{{NAMESPACE}}}}. This will alert [[Wikiversity:Support staff|support staff]] to your intention, and may permit you the time to write your explanation.  Try to make your explanation more eloquent and less hysterical than the example shown above.
}}

&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;''Before [{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|action=delete}} deleting] check the [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|discussion page]], [[Special:Whatlinkshere/{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|what links here]], [{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|action=history}} history] ([{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|diff=0}} last edit]), the [{{fullurl:Special:Log|page={{SUBJECTPAGENAMEE}}}} page log], and [[Wikiversity:Deletions]]. ''&lt;/span&gt;
}}
&lt;!--Must delete this: [[Category:Candidates for speedy deletion|{{PAGENAME}}]]--&gt;
&lt;!-- Ends the delete demonstration--&gt;

The most common use of ''speedy deletion'' is for pages written by a single author and which include copyright violations, pseudoscientific claims, inappropriate language, advertisements, or slander or other efforts to harass living persons. 

Anything that potentially causes harm should be immediately deleted, and ''speedy deletion'' is the fastest way to nominate a page for removal.  But a ''speedy deletion'' is also the most time-consuming to revert (if the resource actually gets deleted).  A good rule of thumb is never to speedy delete a resource that might be [[wikt:salvable|salvable]] or has had active edits in the past three years. Also, hesitate before you ''speedy delete'' a project or a large number of subpages, as reverting such deletions can be extremely time-consuming.

===Proposed deletion===
*Uses &lt;code&gt;{{tlxs|prod}}&lt;/code&gt;

'''Proposed deletion''' (or &quot;prod&quot;) is for pages that may or may not belong in mainspace. It creates allows editors to debate the deletion on the talk page and ponder other options such as moving to the user or draft namespace.  ''Prod'' draws attention and can result in an effort to improve the resource. ''Prod'' places the discussion about whether to delete on the talk page. ''Prod's'' greatest disadvantage is it causes projects to remain in mainspace until the question is resolved. A simple remedy for this is to move the project into user or draft space until an outcome has been decided. Support staff can move a resource with up to 100 subpages.&lt;ref&gt;Moving a resource with 300 subpages takes about three times as long as moving one with 100 subpages, with the added feature that the moved resources is now required to have 3 top pages (with 100 subpages each)&lt;/ref&gt; To understand how ''prod'' works, suppose that on January 1, 2000 you placed '''{{tlxs|prod}}''' at the top of a page to create this banner:

&lt;!-- THIS TEXT WAS CREATED BY CALLING THE TEMPLATE WITH tlxs--&gt;
{{Ombox
| type  = delete
| image = [[File:Orologio rosso.svg|45x45px|center|No license|link=]]
| text  = Please [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=edit}} help improve] the [[WV:WIW|educational quality]] of this resource to increase [[Wikiversity:Learning|engagement]] by [[Wikiversity:Who are Wikiversity participants?|participants]]. Any concrete improvements made by '''{{#time:F j, Y|January 1, 2000 +90 days}}''' may allow it to be [[WV:PROD|kept]]. &lt;br&gt;
You may remove &lt;nowiki&gt;{{proposed deletion}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; from this resource's source text to contest this proposal, with or without [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|discussion]].
}}

&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;{{#if:  | {{{style}}};}}&quot;&gt;[[Special:PrefixIndex/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|''Link to any subpages this page might have'']]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Ends the tlxs|prod demonstration--&gt;

Note that the deadline for improving the page is 90 days after the template was inserted. This gives editors time to improve the page or defend its virtues.  

'''IMPORTANT:''' The proper venue for all discussions is the [[Help:Talk page|talk page]] of the article under consideration.

===Deletion request===
* Uses &lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;

Use '''Deletion request''' if you think a developed page should be deleted or if the topic is complicated in some way. Begin by placing '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;''' at the top of the page to create:
{{ambox
|image = [[File:User-trash.svg|50x50px|link=]]
|text='''Please [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion#{{FULLPAGENAME}}|share your thoughts]] about whether to [[Wikiversity:Deletions|keep this resource or not]]'''. Resources are likely to remain at Wikiversity when you [[Wikiversity:Be bold|boldly]] address reasonable concerns through concrete improvements. We encourage you to give resources a  chance to receive fair reviews and concrete improvements by keeping nomination notices intact.}}
{{center|[[Special:PrefixIndex/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|''Link to any subpages this page might have'']]}}
{{Shortcut|Deletion request|Dr|DR|Rfd|RfD}} 

Click the words [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion|'''share your thoughts''']] in the box. This will lead to a page called [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]]. Follow the instructions for starting a discussion.  Explain why you think the page should be deleted. Be prepared to engage in discussion about the page's value. At some point the discussion will be closed. Sometimes the decision may be to place the article in [[Wikiversity:Drafts|draft space]] or on a subpage of their [[Help:User page|user page]].
*{{spaces|2}}''See also [[w:Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_democracy|Wikipedia is not a democracy]]''

===Pagemove announcement===
*Uses &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{subst:Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
The advantage of moving material into the users or draft namespace is that less time is spent discussing and more time cleaning up. Wikiversity has a limited staff of volunteers, and the quicker decisions are made, the more that can be done. There is a lot of work to do and the work is important. Too many obscure pages in mainspace degrades gives others a bad impression of Wikiversity. On the other hand, people should be encouraged write on Wikiversity about all sorts of topics. The goal is to separate materials recommend for teachers and learners from the discovery, research, and introspection done by Wikiversity users.

A procedure and guidelines for moving mainspace resources into user and draft space is under construction.

'''&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{subst:Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;''' is used to communicate with all the page's main authors' talk pages and looks like this:
{{Robelbox|theme=8|title=Removal of a project from mainspace|width=100%}}
To ''Somebody's username'':

The project '''&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Some page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' has been moved to '''&lt;nowiki&gt;[[User:Somebody's username/Some page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''  

A tentative decision has been made to remove this project from [[Wikiversity:namespaces|mainspace]].  If this move is not under discussion at '''[[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]]''', you may make a request regarding this project at '''[[Wikiversity:Request custodian action]]'''. 

Yours truly, --[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 06:07, 20 December 2022 (UTC)
{{Robelbox/close}}

== See also ==
* [[MediaWiki:Deletereason-dropdown]] - List of common deletion reasons displayed in the deletion interface.
* [[:Category:Candidates for speedy deletion]] - List of current resources suggested for [[#Speedy|speedy deletion]].
* [[:Category:Proposed deletions]] - List of current resources [[#Proposed|proposed]] for deletion.
* [[:Category:Requests for Deletion]] - List of resources with active deletion [[#Discussion|discussions]].

{{Official policies}}
{{Proposed policies}}
{{subpagesif}}
[[Category:Wikiversity deletion]]</text>
      <sha1>0ntdwy2fkm9ysrxiizi743q2pazoc11</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2809988</id>
      <parentid>2809987</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T00:33:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Types of deletion */</comment>
      <origin>2809988</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="18386" sha1="b2xu4j9khpu9kizn41bd09uoabio4vb" xml:space="preserve">{{guideline|WV:D|WV:DEL|WV:DELETE}}
{{nutshell|what=Guideline|While deletion is sometimes permissible when a good reason is given, resources can often blossom when participants are taught good wiki practices and how to implement concrete improvements. These templates are recommended for use by those involved with page deletions:
* '''Speedy delete''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for pages you authored, as well as for pages that clearly don't belong in [[Help:Namespaces|mainspace]]
* '''Proposed deletions''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|prod}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for pages that perhaps should be deleted (or moved to draft or user space) unless they are improved
* '''Deletion requests''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for large projects and difficult decisions
* '''Move to draft or user space''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for research and student efforts (templates and policy guidelines under construction)

'''Don't worry about selecting the &quot;correct&quot; template''', as more than one template may be appropriate. It is more important to provide assistance by flagging resources that you think shouldn't be on Wikiversity.}}

This '''deletion guideline''' explains when and why [[Wikiversity:Support staff|support staff]] may delete and restore resources or specific revisions of a resource. The [[Special:Log/delete|deletion log]] allows anyone to track deletions and restorations at Wikiversity. Deletion removes access while keeping resources and their development histories intact. Access can be restored through undeletion. Deletions and undeletions are discussed at [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]].

== Types of deletion ==
=== Speedy ===
Resources may be subject to '''speedy deletion''' when a good reason is given by adding {{tlx|delete|''your good reason''}}. You may [[#Discussion|request community feedback]], or object with or without explanation by removing the speedy deletion suggestion from the resource. Resources may not be subject to speedy deletion when a reasonable objection is made or is likely because participants may be able to learn how to implement concrete improvements when taught appropriate practices.

====Criteria for speedy deletion====
{{shortcut|WV:CSD|WV:DB|WV:SD|WV:SPEEDY}}
A non-exhaustive list of possible reasons [[Wikiversity:Support staff|support staff]] may speedy delete resources include:

;Common reasons
# '''Test page''' to practice use of the wiki software outside user space.  Experiment in the [[Wikiversity:Sandbox]]. Consider [[Wikiversity:Welcome templates|Welcoming the user]].
#'''[[Wikiversity:Vandalism|Vandalism]]''' and user pages for vandalism-only accounts.
#'''Solicitation''' for products, services, companies, events, people, or other things with no educational merit or which generate direct financial benefit to the contributor.
#'''Spam''' consisting of bulk automated creations, cross-wiki cross-posting, or repetitive external links with no educational value
#'''Repost''' with no concrete improvements to merit keeping. User should [[WV:RFD|request undeletion]] instead.
#'''Author request''' by an only contributor or only substantial contributor, or arising from an expressed consensus of contributors.
#'''Empty category''' with no notice suggesting the category may be occasionally empty.
#'''Copyrighted work''' which does not satisfy [[Foundation:Terms of use|Wikimedia's Terms of Use]].
#'''Orphaned, broken, or unused redirect''' with no educational histories, no links, and either no appropriate targets or not likely to be searched for.
#'''No [[WV:WIW|educational objectives]]''' or discussion in history. [[Wikiversity:Welcome templates|Welcome users]] and resources when likely to be expanded shortly.
#'''No [[Wikiversity:Research|research objectives]]''' or discussion in history. [[Wikiversity:Welcome templates|Welcome users]] and resources when likely to be expanded shortly.

;Less common reasons
# '''Abandoned resource'''
# '''Per [[WV:PROD|proposed deletion]]'''
# '''Per [[Wikiversity:Deletions#Discussion|request for deletion]]'''
# '''Basic maintenance''' such as repairing cut-and-paste moves, and moving resources over a redirect.
# '''Discussion''' about deleted resource where context is lost and becoming an independent resource is unlikely
# '''Resource [[m:transwiki|moved]]''' to another project due to [[Wikiversity:Scope|scope]], or file uploaded to [[commons:|Wikimedia Commons]] with history intact and links fixed.
#'''Unused file''' lacking either a license or a source may be deleted one week after uploader is notified.
#'''Ethical breach''' where a resource standing undeleted may cause harm
# '''Not English'''. See https://www.wikiversity.org to find where contributions may be appreciated
# '''History merge'''
# '''Deletion test'''

=== {{anchor|Proposed deletion}}Proposed deletion (prod)===
{{shortcut|WV:PROD|WV:PRD|WV:PD}}
Resources may be eligible for proposed deletion when education objectives and learning outcomes are scarce, and objections to deletion are unlikely. You may add {{tlxs|prod}} to the top of resources to propose deletion. Support staff may examine the resource after 90 days, and either delete the resource or remove the proposal. Anyone may object by removing the proposed deletion template from the resource, with or without an explanation on the resource's discussion page. Anyone still considering that the resource should be deleted may [[#Discussion|discuss deletion]].

== {{anchor|Deletion discussions|Discussion}}How to discuss ==
You should [[WV:AGF|ask questions and discuss concerns]] with participants, make an effort to [[Wikiversity:Be bold|resolve problems yourself]], and try [[#Alternatives to deletion|alternatives]] as appropriate before suggesting deletion for resources with substantial development histories and contributions from multiple participants. You may ask for guidance and advice, explain what you have done or will do, and discuss options at [[Wikiversity:Requests for deletion]]. Resources are generally kept when a community [[Wikiversity:Consensus|decision]] is inconclusive. Add {{tl|rfd}} to the top of resources to draw attention to the discussion. As a courtesy, you may also notify any participants directly.

Be concise and specific when suggesting solutions, because the preferred outcome is one participants can learn from to implement concrete improvements. On occasion, deletion might be permissible when productivity from a fresh start is likely and concerns relate to Wikiversity's [[Wikiversity:Mission|mission]], [[Wikiversity:Scope|scope]], [[Wikiversity:Process|process]], or [[Wikiversity:Policies|policy]] in some way. If you can raise concerns not addressed by a previous discussion, you may begin a new discussion at [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion|Requests for Deletion]]. Reasonable requests for resources to be restored during discussion are honored, where possible. Please only participate if you are willing to keep an open mind and make an effort to improve resources.

==Alternatives to deletion==
{{shortcut|ATD|WV:ATD}}
[[Wikiversity:Who are Wikiversity participants?|Participants]] can often implement concrete improvements and develop resources further when taught appropriate practices. Possible alternatives to deletion include:

{| style=&quot;border:5px solid #cccccc; border-collapse:separate; border-spacing:1em 1em;&quot;
 |-
 ! What
 ! Solution
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Broken redirects
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Redirect to another appropriate target
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | In a foreign language
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Translate to English, move to target language Wikiversity, or move to [[BetaWikiversity:|Beta Wikiversity]] if there is no Wikiversity in that language 
 |-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Outside learning project's scope
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Merge with another learning project or use to start a new learning project
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Missing or incomplete license information
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Assist user in supplying information, supply it if possible
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Outside of Wikiversity's [[WV:scope|scope]]
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Move to another Wikimedia project or website as appropriate. Some resources may be appropriate in userspace, like personal essays
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Insufficient or unclear
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | If the potential educational value of resources is insufficient or unclear, consider moving to draft or user space 
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Too big or small
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Split big resources into smaller resources or reorganize into subpages. Merge small resources or redirect to a bigger resource.
 |}

Anyone may [[Wikiversity:Be bold|boldly]] implement concrete improvements that reasonably encourages collaborative education, or discuss alternative solutions on a resource's discussion page.

==Deletion templates==
{{center|''This section is still subject to approval by the community.  Visit [[Wikiversity talk:Deletions]] to discuss.''}} 
Remove resources from mainspace that cannot be directly used by teachers and instructors by using the following templates:
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt; for ''speedy deletion''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|prod}}&lt;/code&gt; for a ''proposed deletion'' 
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt; for a ''deletion request''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|pagemove announcement}}&lt;/code&gt; informs the editors that their page or resource is likely to be moved to either draftspace or userspace.  Wikiversity is a complex interaction between instructor teaching materials, student efforts, and even research.  There is a (growing?) consensus that mainspace focus on teaching resources.
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|draftify}}&lt;/code&gt; for ''proposed moving to the Draft: namespace''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|draft archive}}&lt;/code&gt; for proposal for '' moving under Draft:Archive/ '' (proposal is under construction)

===Speedy deletion===
*Use &lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{delete|(with optional explanation)}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
Use '''Speedy deletion''' for uncontroversial deletions.  Placing '''&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{delete|&lt;suggested reasons go here ...&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;''' at the top of a page creates this banner:
&lt;!-- THIS TEXT WAS CREATED BY CALLING THE TEMPLATE WITH tlxs--&gt;
{{ambox
|type=speedy
|text=This {{lc:{{NAMESPACE}}}} page may qualify for [[Wikiversity:Deletions|speedy deletion]] because: &lt;suggested reasons go here...&gt;&lt;br/&gt;{{#ifeq:{{{self}}}
|yes
|If you disagree, please remove this notice.&lt;br /&gt;
|If you disagree or intend to fix it, and '''you have not contributed to it before''', you may remove this notice. If you have contributed before and disagree, please explain why on {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}
 |{{TALKSPACE}}
 |this discussion page
 |[[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|the discussion page]]
}}, after adding &lt;span style=&quot;font-family:'Lucida Console', monospace&quot;&gt;{{Tl|hangon}}&lt;/span&gt; to the top of the {{lc:{{NAMESPACE}}}}. This will alert [[Wikiversity:Support staff|support staff]] to your intention, and may permit you the time to write your explanation.  Try to make your explanation more eloquent and less hysterical than the example shown above.
}}

&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;''Before [{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|action=delete}} deleting] check the [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|discussion page]], [[Special:Whatlinkshere/{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|what links here]], [{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|action=history}} history] ([{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|diff=0}} last edit]), the [{{fullurl:Special:Log|page={{SUBJECTPAGENAMEE}}}} page log], and [[Wikiversity:Deletions]]. ''&lt;/span&gt;
}}
&lt;!--Must delete this: [[Category:Candidates for speedy deletion|{{PAGENAME}}]]--&gt;
&lt;!-- Ends the delete demonstration--&gt;

The most common use of ''speedy deletion'' is for pages written by a single author and which include copyright violations, pseudoscientific claims, inappropriate language, advertisements, or slander or other efforts to harass living persons. 

Anything that potentially causes harm should be immediately deleted, and ''speedy deletion'' is the fastest way to nominate a page for removal.  But a ''speedy deletion'' is also the most time-consuming to revert (if the resource actually gets deleted).  A good rule of thumb is never to speedy delete a resource that might be [[wikt:salvable|salvable]] or has had active edits in the past three years. Also, hesitate before you ''speedy delete'' a project or a large number of subpages, as reverting such deletions can be extremely time-consuming.

===Proposed deletion===
*Uses &lt;code&gt;{{tlxs|prod}}&lt;/code&gt;

'''Proposed deletion''' (or &quot;prod&quot;) is for pages that may or may not belong in mainspace. It creates allows editors to debate the deletion on the talk page and ponder other options such as moving to the user or draft namespace.  ''Prod'' draws attention and can result in an effort to improve the resource. ''Prod'' places the discussion about whether to delete on the talk page. ''Prod's'' greatest disadvantage is it causes projects to remain in mainspace until the question is resolved. A simple remedy for this is to move the project into user or draft space until an outcome has been decided. Support staff can move a resource with up to 100 subpages.&lt;ref&gt;Moving a resource with 300 subpages takes about three times as long as moving one with 100 subpages, with the added feature that the moved resources is now required to have 3 top pages (with 100 subpages each)&lt;/ref&gt; To understand how ''prod'' works, suppose that on January 1, 2000 you placed '''{{tlxs|prod}}''' at the top of a page to create this banner:

&lt;!-- THIS TEXT WAS CREATED BY CALLING THE TEMPLATE WITH tlxs--&gt;
{{Ombox
| type  = delete
| image = [[File:Orologio rosso.svg|45x45px|center|No license|link=]]
| text  = Please [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=edit}} help improve] the [[WV:WIW|educational quality]] of this resource to increase [[Wikiversity:Learning|engagement]] by [[Wikiversity:Who are Wikiversity participants?|participants]]. Any concrete improvements made by '''{{#time:F j, Y|January 1, 2000 +90 days}}''' may allow it to be [[WV:PROD|kept]]. &lt;br&gt;
You may remove &lt;nowiki&gt;{{proposed deletion}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; from this resource's source text to contest this proposal, with or without [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|discussion]].
}}

&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;{{#if:  | {{{style}}};}}&quot;&gt;[[Special:PrefixIndex/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|''Link to any subpages this page might have'']]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Ends the tlxs|prod demonstration--&gt;

Note that the deadline for improving the page is 90 days after the template was inserted. This gives editors time to improve the page or defend its virtues.  

'''IMPORTANT:''' The proper venue for all discussions is the [[Help:Talk page|talk page]] of the article under consideration.

===Deletion request===
* Uses &lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;

Use '''Deletion request''' if you think a developed page should be deleted or if the topic is complicated in some way. Begin by placing '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;''' at the top of the page to create:
{{ambox
|image = [[File:User-trash.svg|50x50px|link=]]
|text='''Please [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion#{{FULLPAGENAME}}|share your thoughts]] about whether to [[Wikiversity:Deletions|keep this resource or not]]'''. Resources are likely to remain at Wikiversity when you [[Wikiversity:Be bold|boldly]] address reasonable concerns through concrete improvements. We encourage you to give resources a  chance to receive fair reviews and concrete improvements by keeping nomination notices intact.}}
{{center|[[Special:PrefixIndex/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|''Link to any subpages this page might have'']]}}
{{Shortcut|Deletion request|Dr|DR|Rfd|RfD}} 

Click the words [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion|'''share your thoughts''']] in the box. This will lead to a page called [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]]. Follow the instructions for starting a discussion.  Explain why you think the page should be deleted. Be prepared to engage in discussion about the page's value. At some point the discussion will be closed. Sometimes the decision may be to place the article in [[Wikiversity:Drafts|draft space]] or on a subpage of their [[Help:User page|user page]].
*{{spaces|2}}''See also [[w:Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_democracy|Wikipedia is not a democracy]]''

===Pagemove announcement===
*Uses &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{subst:Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
The advantage of moving material into the users or draft namespace is that less time is spent discussing and more time cleaning up. Wikiversity has a limited staff of volunteers, and the quicker decisions are made, the more that can be done. There is a lot of work to do and the work is important. Too many obscure pages in mainspace degrades gives others a bad impression of Wikiversity. On the other hand, people should be encouraged write on Wikiversity about all sorts of topics. The goal is to separate materials recommend for teachers and learners from the discovery, research, and introspection done by Wikiversity users.

A procedure and guidelines for moving mainspace resources into user and draft space is under construction.

'''&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{subst:Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;''' is used to communicate with all the page's main authors' talk pages and looks like this:
{{Robelbox|theme=8|title=Removal of a project from mainspace|width=100%}}
To ''Somebody's username'':

The project '''&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Some page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' has been moved to '''&lt;nowiki&gt;[[User:Somebody's username/Some page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''  

A tentative decision has been made to remove this project from [[Wikiversity:namespaces|mainspace]].  If this move is not under discussion at '''[[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]]''', you may make a request regarding this project at '''[[Wikiversity:Request custodian action]]'''. 

Yours truly, --[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 06:07, 20 December 2022 (UTC)
{{Robelbox/close}}

== See also ==
* [[MediaWiki:Deletereason-dropdown]] - List of common deletion reasons displayed in the deletion interface.
* [[:Category:Candidates for speedy deletion]] - List of current resources suggested for [[#Speedy|speedy deletion]].
* [[:Category:Proposed deletions]] - List of current resources [[#Proposed|proposed]] for deletion.
* [[:Category:Requests for Deletion]] - List of resources with active deletion [[#Discussion|discussions]].

{{Official policies}}
{{Proposed policies}}
{{subpagesif}}
[[Category:Wikiversity deletion]]</text>
      <sha1>b2xu4j9khpu9kizn41bd09uoabio4vb</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2809990</id>
      <parentid>2809988</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T00:38:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
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      <comment>/* Alternatives to deletion */</comment>
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      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="18336" sha1="debowspcxzrh9rhoya4lut81g9yc8c3" xml:space="preserve">{{guideline|WV:D|WV:DEL|WV:DELETE}}
{{nutshell|what=Guideline|While deletion is sometimes permissible when a good reason is given, resources can often blossom when participants are taught good wiki practices and how to implement concrete improvements. These templates are recommended for use by those involved with page deletions:
* '''Speedy delete''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for pages you authored, as well as for pages that clearly don't belong in [[Help:Namespaces|mainspace]]
* '''Proposed deletions''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|prod}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for pages that perhaps should be deleted (or moved to draft or user space) unless they are improved
* '''Deletion requests''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for large projects and difficult decisions
* '''Move to draft or user space''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for research and student efforts (templates and policy guidelines under construction)

'''Don't worry about selecting the &quot;correct&quot; template''', as more than one template may be appropriate. It is more important to provide assistance by flagging resources that you think shouldn't be on Wikiversity.}}

This '''deletion guideline''' explains when and why [[Wikiversity:Support staff|support staff]] may delete and restore resources or specific revisions of a resource. The [[Special:Log/delete|deletion log]] allows anyone to track deletions and restorations at Wikiversity. Deletion removes access while keeping resources and their development histories intact. Access can be restored through undeletion. Deletions and undeletions are discussed at [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]].

== Types of deletion ==
=== Speedy ===
Resources may be subject to '''speedy deletion''' when a good reason is given by adding {{tlx|delete|''your good reason''}}. You may [[#Discussion|request community feedback]], or object with or without explanation by removing the speedy deletion suggestion from the resource. Resources may not be subject to speedy deletion when a reasonable objection is made or is likely because participants may be able to learn how to implement concrete improvements when taught appropriate practices.

====Criteria for speedy deletion====
{{shortcut|WV:CSD|WV:DB|WV:SD|WV:SPEEDY}}
A non-exhaustive list of possible reasons [[Wikiversity:Support staff|support staff]] may speedy delete resources include:

;Common reasons
# '''Test page''' to practice use of the wiki software outside user space.  Experiment in the [[Wikiversity:Sandbox]]. Consider [[Wikiversity:Welcome templates|Welcoming the user]].
#'''[[Wikiversity:Vandalism|Vandalism]]''' and user pages for vandalism-only accounts.
#'''Solicitation''' for products, services, companies, events, people, or other things with no educational merit or which generate direct financial benefit to the contributor.
#'''Spam''' consisting of bulk automated creations, cross-wiki cross-posting, or repetitive external links with no educational value
#'''Repost''' with no concrete improvements to merit keeping. User should [[WV:RFD|request undeletion]] instead.
#'''Author request''' by an only contributor or only substantial contributor, or arising from an expressed consensus of contributors.
#'''Empty category''' with no notice suggesting the category may be occasionally empty.
#'''Copyrighted work''' which does not satisfy [[Foundation:Terms of use|Wikimedia's Terms of Use]].
#'''Orphaned, broken, or unused redirect''' with no educational histories, no links, and either no appropriate targets or not likely to be searched for.
#'''No [[WV:WIW|educational objectives]]''' or discussion in history. [[Wikiversity:Welcome templates|Welcome users]] and resources when likely to be expanded shortly.
#'''No [[Wikiversity:Research|research objectives]]''' or discussion in history. [[Wikiversity:Welcome templates|Welcome users]] and resources when likely to be expanded shortly.

;Less common reasons
# '''Abandoned resource'''
# '''Per [[WV:PROD|proposed deletion]]'''
# '''Per [[Wikiversity:Deletions#Discussion|request for deletion]]'''
# '''Basic maintenance''' such as repairing cut-and-paste moves, and moving resources over a redirect.
# '''Discussion''' about deleted resource where context is lost and becoming an independent resource is unlikely
# '''Resource [[m:transwiki|moved]]''' to another project due to [[Wikiversity:Scope|scope]], or file uploaded to [[commons:|Wikimedia Commons]] with history intact and links fixed.
#'''Unused file''' lacking either a license or a source may be deleted one week after uploader is notified.
#'''Ethical breach''' where a resource standing undeleted may cause harm
# '''Not English'''. See https://www.wikiversity.org to find where contributions may be appreciated
# '''History merge'''
# '''Deletion test'''

=== {{anchor|Proposed deletion}}Proposed deletion (prod)===
{{shortcut|WV:PROD|WV:PRD|WV:PD}}
Resources may be eligible for proposed deletion when education objectives and learning outcomes are scarce, and objections to deletion are unlikely. You may add {{tlxs|prod}} to the top of resources to propose deletion. Support staff may examine the resource after 90 days, and either delete the resource or remove the proposal. Anyone may object by removing the proposed deletion template from the resource, with or without an explanation on the resource's discussion page. Anyone still considering that the resource should be deleted may [[#Discussion|discuss deletion]].

== {{anchor|Deletion discussions|Discussion}}How to discuss ==
You should [[WV:AGF|ask questions and discuss concerns]] with participants, make an effort to [[Wikiversity:Be bold|resolve problems yourself]], and try [[#Alternatives to deletion|alternatives]] as appropriate before suggesting deletion for resources with substantial development histories and contributions from multiple participants. You may ask for guidance and advice, explain what you have done or will do, and discuss options at [[Wikiversity:Requests for deletion]]. Resources are generally kept when a community [[Wikiversity:Consensus|decision]] is inconclusive. Add {{tl|rfd}} to the top of resources to draw attention to the discussion. As a courtesy, you may also notify any participants directly.

Be concise and specific when suggesting solutions, because the preferred outcome is one participants can learn from to implement concrete improvements. On occasion, deletion might be permissible when productivity from a fresh start is likely and concerns relate to Wikiversity's [[Wikiversity:Mission|mission]], [[Wikiversity:Scope|scope]], [[Wikiversity:Process|process]], or [[Wikiversity:Policies|policy]] in some way. If you can raise concerns not addressed by a previous discussion, you may begin a new discussion at [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion|Requests for Deletion]]. Reasonable requests for resources to be restored during discussion are honored, where possible. Please only participate if you are willing to keep an open mind and make an effort to improve resources.

==Alternatives to deletion==
{{shortcut|ATD|WV:ATD}}
Participants can often implement concrete improvements and develop resources further when taught appropriate practices. Possible alternatives to deletion include:

{| style=&quot;border:5px solid #cccccc; border-collapse:separate; border-spacing:1em 1em;&quot;
 |-
 ! What
 ! Solution
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Broken redirects
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Redirect to another appropriate target
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | In a foreign language
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Translate to English, move to target language Wikiversity, or move to [[BetaWikiversity:|Beta Wikiversity]] if there is no Wikiversity in that language 
 |-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Outside learning project's scope
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Merge with another learning project or use to start a new learning project
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Missing or incomplete license information
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Assist user in supplying information, supply it if possible
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Outside of Wikiversity's [[WV:scope|scope]]
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Move to another Wikimedia project or website as appropriate. Some resources may be appropriate in userspace, like personal essays
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Insufficient or unclear
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | If the potential educational value of resources is insufficient or unclear, consider moving to draft or user space 
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Too big or small
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Split big resources into smaller resources or reorganize into subpages. Merge small resources or redirect to a bigger resource.
 |}

Anyone may [[Wikiversity:Be bold|boldly]] implement concrete improvements that reasonably encourages collaborative education, or discuss alternative solutions on a resource's discussion page.

==Deletion templates==
{{center|''This section is still subject to approval by the community.  Visit [[Wikiversity talk:Deletions]] to discuss.''}} 
Remove resources from mainspace that cannot be directly used by teachers and instructors by using the following templates:
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt; for ''speedy deletion''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|prod}}&lt;/code&gt; for a ''proposed deletion'' 
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt; for a ''deletion request''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|pagemove announcement}}&lt;/code&gt; informs the editors that their page or resource is likely to be moved to either draftspace or userspace.  Wikiversity is a complex interaction between instructor teaching materials, student efforts, and even research.  There is a (growing?) consensus that mainspace focus on teaching resources.
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|draftify}}&lt;/code&gt; for ''proposed moving to the Draft: namespace''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|draft archive}}&lt;/code&gt; for proposal for '' moving under Draft:Archive/ '' (proposal is under construction)

===Speedy deletion===
*Use &lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{delete|(with optional explanation)}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
Use '''Speedy deletion''' for uncontroversial deletions.  Placing '''&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{delete|&lt;suggested reasons go here ...&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;''' at the top of a page creates this banner:
&lt;!-- THIS TEXT WAS CREATED BY CALLING THE TEMPLATE WITH tlxs--&gt;
{{ambox
|type=speedy
|text=This {{lc:{{NAMESPACE}}}} page may qualify for [[Wikiversity:Deletions|speedy deletion]] because: &lt;suggested reasons go here...&gt;&lt;br/&gt;{{#ifeq:{{{self}}}
|yes
|If you disagree, please remove this notice.&lt;br /&gt;
|If you disagree or intend to fix it, and '''you have not contributed to it before''', you may remove this notice. If you have contributed before and disagree, please explain why on {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}
 |{{TALKSPACE}}
 |this discussion page
 |[[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|the discussion page]]
}}, after adding &lt;span style=&quot;font-family:'Lucida Console', monospace&quot;&gt;{{Tl|hangon}}&lt;/span&gt; to the top of the {{lc:{{NAMESPACE}}}}. This will alert [[Wikiversity:Support staff|support staff]] to your intention, and may permit you the time to write your explanation.  Try to make your explanation more eloquent and less hysterical than the example shown above.
}}

&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;''Before [{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|action=delete}} deleting] check the [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|discussion page]], [[Special:Whatlinkshere/{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|what links here]], [{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|action=history}} history] ([{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|diff=0}} last edit]), the [{{fullurl:Special:Log|page={{SUBJECTPAGENAMEE}}}} page log], and [[Wikiversity:Deletions]]. ''&lt;/span&gt;
}}
&lt;!--Must delete this: [[Category:Candidates for speedy deletion|{{PAGENAME}}]]--&gt;
&lt;!-- Ends the delete demonstration--&gt;

The most common use of ''speedy deletion'' is for pages written by a single author and which include copyright violations, pseudoscientific claims, inappropriate language, advertisements, or slander or other efforts to harass living persons. 

Anything that potentially causes harm should be immediately deleted, and ''speedy deletion'' is the fastest way to nominate a page for removal.  But a ''speedy deletion'' is also the most time-consuming to revert (if the resource actually gets deleted).  A good rule of thumb is never to speedy delete a resource that might be [[wikt:salvable|salvable]] or has had active edits in the past three years. Also, hesitate before you ''speedy delete'' a project or a large number of subpages, as reverting such deletions can be extremely time-consuming.

===Proposed deletion===
*Uses &lt;code&gt;{{tlxs|prod}}&lt;/code&gt;

'''Proposed deletion''' (or &quot;prod&quot;) is for pages that may or may not belong in mainspace. It creates allows editors to debate the deletion on the talk page and ponder other options such as moving to the user or draft namespace.  ''Prod'' draws attention and can result in an effort to improve the resource. ''Prod'' places the discussion about whether to delete on the talk page. ''Prod's'' greatest disadvantage is it causes projects to remain in mainspace until the question is resolved. A simple remedy for this is to move the project into user or draft space until an outcome has been decided. Support staff can move a resource with up to 100 subpages.&lt;ref&gt;Moving a resource with 300 subpages takes about three times as long as moving one with 100 subpages, with the added feature that the moved resources is now required to have 3 top pages (with 100 subpages each)&lt;/ref&gt; To understand how ''prod'' works, suppose that on January 1, 2000 you placed '''{{tlxs|prod}}''' at the top of a page to create this banner:

&lt;!-- THIS TEXT WAS CREATED BY CALLING THE TEMPLATE WITH tlxs--&gt;
{{Ombox
| type  = delete
| image = [[File:Orologio rosso.svg|45x45px|center|No license|link=]]
| text  = Please [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=edit}} help improve] the [[WV:WIW|educational quality]] of this resource to increase [[Wikiversity:Learning|engagement]] by [[Wikiversity:Who are Wikiversity participants?|participants]]. Any concrete improvements made by '''{{#time:F j, Y|January 1, 2000 +90 days}}''' may allow it to be [[WV:PROD|kept]]. &lt;br&gt;
You may remove &lt;nowiki&gt;{{proposed deletion}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; from this resource's source text to contest this proposal, with or without [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|discussion]].
}}

&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;{{#if:  | {{{style}}};}}&quot;&gt;[[Special:PrefixIndex/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|''Link to any subpages this page might have'']]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Ends the tlxs|prod demonstration--&gt;

Note that the deadline for improving the page is 90 days after the template was inserted. This gives editors time to improve the page or defend its virtues.  

'''IMPORTANT:''' The proper venue for all discussions is the [[Help:Talk page|talk page]] of the article under consideration.

===Deletion request===
* Uses &lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;

Use '''Deletion request''' if you think a developed page should be deleted or if the topic is complicated in some way. Begin by placing '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;''' at the top of the page to create:
{{ambox
|image = [[File:User-trash.svg|50x50px|link=]]
|text='''Please [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion#{{FULLPAGENAME}}|share your thoughts]] about whether to [[Wikiversity:Deletions|keep this resource or not]]'''. Resources are likely to remain at Wikiversity when you [[Wikiversity:Be bold|boldly]] address reasonable concerns through concrete improvements. We encourage you to give resources a  chance to receive fair reviews and concrete improvements by keeping nomination notices intact.}}
{{center|[[Special:PrefixIndex/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|''Link to any subpages this page might have'']]}}
{{Shortcut|Deletion request|Dr|DR|Rfd|RfD}} 

Click the words [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion|'''share your thoughts''']] in the box. This will lead to a page called [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]]. Follow the instructions for starting a discussion.  Explain why you think the page should be deleted. Be prepared to engage in discussion about the page's value. At some point the discussion will be closed. Sometimes the decision may be to place the article in [[Wikiversity:Drafts|draft space]] or on a subpage of their [[Help:User page|user page]].
*{{spaces|2}}''See also [[w:Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_democracy|Wikipedia is not a democracy]]''

===Pagemove announcement===
*Uses &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{subst:Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
The advantage of moving material into the users or draft namespace is that less time is spent discussing and more time cleaning up. Wikiversity has a limited staff of volunteers, and the quicker decisions are made, the more that can be done. There is a lot of work to do and the work is important. Too many obscure pages in mainspace degrades gives others a bad impression of Wikiversity. On the other hand, people should be encouraged write on Wikiversity about all sorts of topics. The goal is to separate materials recommend for teachers and learners from the discovery, research, and introspection done by Wikiversity users.

A procedure and guidelines for moving mainspace resources into user and draft space is under construction.

'''&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{subst:Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;''' is used to communicate with all the page's main authors' talk pages and looks like this:
{{Robelbox|theme=8|title=Removal of a project from mainspace|width=100%}}
To ''Somebody's username'':

The project '''&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Some page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' has been moved to '''&lt;nowiki&gt;[[User:Somebody's username/Some page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''  

A tentative decision has been made to remove this project from [[Wikiversity:namespaces|mainspace]].  If this move is not under discussion at '''[[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]]''', you may make a request regarding this project at '''[[Wikiversity:Request custodian action]]'''. 

Yours truly, --[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 06:07, 20 December 2022 (UTC)
{{Robelbox/close}}

== See also ==
* [[MediaWiki:Deletereason-dropdown]] - List of common deletion reasons displayed in the deletion interface.
* [[:Category:Candidates for speedy deletion]] - List of current resources suggested for [[#Speedy|speedy deletion]].
* [[:Category:Proposed deletions]] - List of current resources [[#Proposed|proposed]] for deletion.
* [[:Category:Requests for Deletion]] - List of resources with active deletion [[#Discussion|discussions]].

{{Official policies}}
{{Proposed policies}}
{{subpagesif}}
[[Category:Wikiversity deletion]]</text>
      <sha1>debowspcxzrh9rhoya4lut81g9yc8c3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2809991</id>
      <parentid>2809990</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T00:40:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Deletion templates */ Approved</comment>
      <origin>2809991</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="18210" sha1="9j2iebu5dhfltsxtbbto3s1mf9vxxxl" xml:space="preserve">{{guideline|WV:D|WV:DEL|WV:DELETE}}
{{nutshell|what=Guideline|While deletion is sometimes permissible when a good reason is given, resources can often blossom when participants are taught good wiki practices and how to implement concrete improvements. These templates are recommended for use by those involved with page deletions:
* '''Speedy delete''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for pages you authored, as well as for pages that clearly don't belong in [[Help:Namespaces|mainspace]]
* '''Proposed deletions''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|prod}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for pages that perhaps should be deleted (or moved to draft or user space) unless they are improved
* '''Deletion requests''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for large projects and difficult decisions
* '''Move to draft or user space''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for research and student efforts (templates and policy guidelines under construction)

'''Don't worry about selecting the &quot;correct&quot; template''', as more than one template may be appropriate. It is more important to provide assistance by flagging resources that you think shouldn't be on Wikiversity.}}

This '''deletion guideline''' explains when and why [[Wikiversity:Support staff|support staff]] may delete and restore resources or specific revisions of a resource. The [[Special:Log/delete|deletion log]] allows anyone to track deletions and restorations at Wikiversity. Deletion removes access while keeping resources and their development histories intact. Access can be restored through undeletion. Deletions and undeletions are discussed at [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]].

== Types of deletion ==
=== Speedy ===
Resources may be subject to '''speedy deletion''' when a good reason is given by adding {{tlx|delete|''your good reason''}}. You may [[#Discussion|request community feedback]], or object with or without explanation by removing the speedy deletion suggestion from the resource. Resources may not be subject to speedy deletion when a reasonable objection is made or is likely because participants may be able to learn how to implement concrete improvements when taught appropriate practices.

====Criteria for speedy deletion====
{{shortcut|WV:CSD|WV:DB|WV:SD|WV:SPEEDY}}
A non-exhaustive list of possible reasons [[Wikiversity:Support staff|support staff]] may speedy delete resources include:

;Common reasons
# '''Test page''' to practice use of the wiki software outside user space.  Experiment in the [[Wikiversity:Sandbox]]. Consider [[Wikiversity:Welcome templates|Welcoming the user]].
#'''[[Wikiversity:Vandalism|Vandalism]]''' and user pages for vandalism-only accounts.
#'''Solicitation''' for products, services, companies, events, people, or other things with no educational merit or which generate direct financial benefit to the contributor.
#'''Spam''' consisting of bulk automated creations, cross-wiki cross-posting, or repetitive external links with no educational value
#'''Repost''' with no concrete improvements to merit keeping. User should [[WV:RFD|request undeletion]] instead.
#'''Author request''' by an only contributor or only substantial contributor, or arising from an expressed consensus of contributors.
#'''Empty category''' with no notice suggesting the category may be occasionally empty.
#'''Copyrighted work''' which does not satisfy [[Foundation:Terms of use|Wikimedia's Terms of Use]].
#'''Orphaned, broken, or unused redirect''' with no educational histories, no links, and either no appropriate targets or not likely to be searched for.
#'''No [[WV:WIW|educational objectives]]''' or discussion in history. [[Wikiversity:Welcome templates|Welcome users]] and resources when likely to be expanded shortly.
#'''No [[Wikiversity:Research|research objectives]]''' or discussion in history. [[Wikiversity:Welcome templates|Welcome users]] and resources when likely to be expanded shortly.

;Less common reasons
# '''Abandoned resource'''
# '''Per [[WV:PROD|proposed deletion]]'''
# '''Per [[Wikiversity:Deletions#Discussion|request for deletion]]'''
# '''Basic maintenance''' such as repairing cut-and-paste moves, and moving resources over a redirect.
# '''Discussion''' about deleted resource where context is lost and becoming an independent resource is unlikely
# '''Resource [[m:transwiki|moved]]''' to another project due to [[Wikiversity:Scope|scope]], or file uploaded to [[commons:|Wikimedia Commons]] with history intact and links fixed.
#'''Unused file''' lacking either a license or a source may be deleted one week after uploader is notified.
#'''Ethical breach''' where a resource standing undeleted may cause harm
# '''Not English'''. See https://www.wikiversity.org to find where contributions may be appreciated
# '''History merge'''
# '''Deletion test'''

=== {{anchor|Proposed deletion}}Proposed deletion (prod)===
{{shortcut|WV:PROD|WV:PRD|WV:PD}}
Resources may be eligible for proposed deletion when education objectives and learning outcomes are scarce, and objections to deletion are unlikely. You may add {{tlxs|prod}} to the top of resources to propose deletion. Support staff may examine the resource after 90 days, and either delete the resource or remove the proposal. Anyone may object by removing the proposed deletion template from the resource, with or without an explanation on the resource's discussion page. Anyone still considering that the resource should be deleted may [[#Discussion|discuss deletion]].

== {{anchor|Deletion discussions|Discussion}}How to discuss ==
You should [[WV:AGF|ask questions and discuss concerns]] with participants, make an effort to [[Wikiversity:Be bold|resolve problems yourself]], and try [[#Alternatives to deletion|alternatives]] as appropriate before suggesting deletion for resources with substantial development histories and contributions from multiple participants. You may ask for guidance and advice, explain what you have done or will do, and discuss options at [[Wikiversity:Requests for deletion]]. Resources are generally kept when a community [[Wikiversity:Consensus|decision]] is inconclusive. Add {{tl|rfd}} to the top of resources to draw attention to the discussion. As a courtesy, you may also notify any participants directly.

Be concise and specific when suggesting solutions, because the preferred outcome is one participants can learn from to implement concrete improvements. On occasion, deletion might be permissible when productivity from a fresh start is likely and concerns relate to Wikiversity's [[Wikiversity:Mission|mission]], [[Wikiversity:Scope|scope]], [[Wikiversity:Process|process]], or [[Wikiversity:Policies|policy]] in some way. If you can raise concerns not addressed by a previous discussion, you may begin a new discussion at [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion|Requests for Deletion]]. Reasonable requests for resources to be restored during discussion are honored, where possible. Please only participate if you are willing to keep an open mind and make an effort to improve resources.

==Alternatives to deletion==
{{shortcut|ATD|WV:ATD}}
Participants can often implement concrete improvements and develop resources further when taught appropriate practices. Possible alternatives to deletion include:

{| style=&quot;border:5px solid #cccccc; border-collapse:separate; border-spacing:1em 1em;&quot;
 |-
 ! What
 ! Solution
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Broken redirects
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Redirect to another appropriate target
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | In a foreign language
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Translate to English, move to target language Wikiversity, or move to [[BetaWikiversity:|Beta Wikiversity]] if there is no Wikiversity in that language 
 |-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Outside learning project's scope
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Merge with another learning project or use to start a new learning project
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Missing or incomplete license information
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Assist user in supplying information, supply it if possible
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Outside of Wikiversity's [[WV:scope|scope]]
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Move to another Wikimedia project or website as appropriate. Some resources may be appropriate in userspace, like personal essays
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Insufficient or unclear
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | If the potential educational value of resources is insufficient or unclear, consider moving to draft or user space 
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Too big or small
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Split big resources into smaller resources or reorganize into subpages. Merge small resources or redirect to a bigger resource.
 |}

Anyone may [[Wikiversity:Be bold|boldly]] implement concrete improvements that reasonably encourages collaborative education, or discuss alternative solutions on a resource's discussion page.

==Deletion templates==
Remove resources from mainspace that cannot be directly used by teachers and instructors by using the following templates:
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt; for ''speedy deletion''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|prod}}&lt;/code&gt; for a ''proposed deletion'' 
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt; for a ''deletion request''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|pagemove announcement}}&lt;/code&gt; informs the editors that their page or resource is likely to be moved to either draftspace or userspace.  Wikiversity is a complex interaction between instructor teaching materials, student efforts, and even research.  There is a (growing?) consensus that mainspace focus on teaching resources.
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|draftify}}&lt;/code&gt; for ''proposed moving to the Draft: namespace''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|draft archive}}&lt;/code&gt; for proposal for '' moving under Draft:Archive/ '' (proposal is under construction)

===Speedy deletion===
*Use &lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{delete|(with optional explanation)}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
Use '''Speedy deletion''' for uncontroversial deletions.  Placing '''&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{delete|&lt;suggested reasons go here ...&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;''' at the top of a page creates this banner:
&lt;!-- THIS TEXT WAS CREATED BY CALLING THE TEMPLATE WITH tlxs--&gt;
{{ambox
|type=speedy
|text=This {{lc:{{NAMESPACE}}}} page may qualify for [[Wikiversity:Deletions|speedy deletion]] because: &lt;suggested reasons go here...&gt;&lt;br/&gt;{{#ifeq:{{{self}}}
|yes
|If you disagree, please remove this notice.&lt;br /&gt;
|If you disagree or intend to fix it, and '''you have not contributed to it before''', you may remove this notice. If you have contributed before and disagree, please explain why on {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}
 |{{TALKSPACE}}
 |this discussion page
 |[[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|the discussion page]]
}}, after adding &lt;span style=&quot;font-family:'Lucida Console', monospace&quot;&gt;{{Tl|hangon}}&lt;/span&gt; to the top of the {{lc:{{NAMESPACE}}}}. This will alert [[Wikiversity:Support staff|support staff]] to your intention, and may permit you the time to write your explanation.  Try to make your explanation more eloquent and less hysterical than the example shown above.
}}

&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;''Before [{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|action=delete}} deleting] check the [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|discussion page]], [[Special:Whatlinkshere/{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|what links here]], [{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|action=history}} history] ([{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|diff=0}} last edit]), the [{{fullurl:Special:Log|page={{SUBJECTPAGENAMEE}}}} page log], and [[Wikiversity:Deletions]]. ''&lt;/span&gt;
}}
&lt;!--Must delete this: [[Category:Candidates for speedy deletion|{{PAGENAME}}]]--&gt;
&lt;!-- Ends the delete demonstration--&gt;

The most common use of ''speedy deletion'' is for pages written by a single author and which include copyright violations, pseudoscientific claims, inappropriate language, advertisements, or slander or other efforts to harass living persons. 

Anything that potentially causes harm should be immediately deleted, and ''speedy deletion'' is the fastest way to nominate a page for removal.  But a ''speedy deletion'' is also the most time-consuming to revert (if the resource actually gets deleted).  A good rule of thumb is never to speedy delete a resource that might be [[wikt:salvable|salvable]] or has had active edits in the past three years. Also, hesitate before you ''speedy delete'' a project or a large number of subpages, as reverting such deletions can be extremely time-consuming.

===Proposed deletion===
*Uses &lt;code&gt;{{tlxs|prod}}&lt;/code&gt;

'''Proposed deletion''' (or &quot;prod&quot;) is for pages that may or may not belong in mainspace. It creates allows editors to debate the deletion on the talk page and ponder other options such as moving to the user or draft namespace.  ''Prod'' draws attention and can result in an effort to improve the resource. ''Prod'' places the discussion about whether to delete on the talk page. ''Prod's'' greatest disadvantage is it causes projects to remain in mainspace until the question is resolved. A simple remedy for this is to move the project into user or draft space until an outcome has been decided. Support staff can move a resource with up to 100 subpages.&lt;ref&gt;Moving a resource with 300 subpages takes about three times as long as moving one with 100 subpages, with the added feature that the moved resources is now required to have 3 top pages (with 100 subpages each)&lt;/ref&gt; To understand how ''prod'' works, suppose that on January 1, 2000 you placed '''{{tlxs|prod}}''' at the top of a page to create this banner:

&lt;!-- THIS TEXT WAS CREATED BY CALLING THE TEMPLATE WITH tlxs--&gt;
{{Ombox
| type  = delete
| image = [[File:Orologio rosso.svg|45x45px|center|No license|link=]]
| text  = Please [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=edit}} help improve] the [[WV:WIW|educational quality]] of this resource to increase [[Wikiversity:Learning|engagement]] by [[Wikiversity:Who are Wikiversity participants?|participants]]. Any concrete improvements made by '''{{#time:F j, Y|January 1, 2000 +90 days}}''' may allow it to be [[WV:PROD|kept]]. &lt;br&gt;
You may remove &lt;nowiki&gt;{{proposed deletion}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; from this resource's source text to contest this proposal, with or without [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|discussion]].
}}

&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;{{#if:  | {{{style}}};}}&quot;&gt;[[Special:PrefixIndex/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|''Link to any subpages this page might have'']]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Ends the tlxs|prod demonstration--&gt;

Note that the deadline for improving the page is 90 days after the template was inserted. This gives editors time to improve the page or defend its virtues.  

'''IMPORTANT:''' The proper venue for all discussions is the [[Help:Talk page|talk page]] of the article under consideration.

===Deletion request===
* Uses &lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;

Use '''Deletion request''' if you think a developed page should be deleted or if the topic is complicated in some way. Begin by placing '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;''' at the top of the page to create:
{{ambox
|image = [[File:User-trash.svg|50x50px|link=]]
|text='''Please [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion#{{FULLPAGENAME}}|share your thoughts]] about whether to [[Wikiversity:Deletions|keep this resource or not]]'''. Resources are likely to remain at Wikiversity when you [[Wikiversity:Be bold|boldly]] address reasonable concerns through concrete improvements. We encourage you to give resources a  chance to receive fair reviews and concrete improvements by keeping nomination notices intact.}}
{{center|[[Special:PrefixIndex/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|''Link to any subpages this page might have'']]}}
{{Shortcut|Deletion request|Dr|DR|Rfd|RfD}} 

Click the words [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion|'''share your thoughts''']] in the box. This will lead to a page called [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]]. Follow the instructions for starting a discussion.  Explain why you think the page should be deleted. Be prepared to engage in discussion about the page's value. At some point the discussion will be closed. Sometimes the decision may be to place the article in [[Wikiversity:Drafts|draft space]] or on a subpage of their [[Help:User page|user page]].
*{{spaces|2}}''See also [[w:Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_democracy|Wikipedia is not a democracy]]''

===Pagemove announcement===
*Uses &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{subst:Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
The advantage of moving material into the users or draft namespace is that less time is spent discussing and more time cleaning up. Wikiversity has a limited staff of volunteers, and the quicker decisions are made, the more that can be done. There is a lot of work to do and the work is important. Too many obscure pages in mainspace degrades gives others a bad impression of Wikiversity. On the other hand, people should be encouraged write on Wikiversity about all sorts of topics. The goal is to separate materials recommend for teachers and learners from the discovery, research, and introspection done by Wikiversity users.

A procedure and guidelines for moving mainspace resources into user and draft space is under construction.

'''&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{subst:Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;''' is used to communicate with all the page's main authors' talk pages and looks like this:
{{Robelbox|theme=8|title=Removal of a project from mainspace|width=100%}}
To ''Somebody's username'':

The project '''&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Some page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' has been moved to '''&lt;nowiki&gt;[[User:Somebody's username/Some page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''  

A tentative decision has been made to remove this project from [[Wikiversity:namespaces|mainspace]].  If this move is not under discussion at '''[[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]]''', you may make a request regarding this project at '''[[Wikiversity:Request custodian action]]'''. 

Yours truly, --[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 06:07, 20 December 2022 (UTC)
{{Robelbox/close}}

== See also ==
* [[MediaWiki:Deletereason-dropdown]] - List of common deletion reasons displayed in the deletion interface.
* [[:Category:Candidates for speedy deletion]] - List of current resources suggested for [[#Speedy|speedy deletion]].
* [[:Category:Proposed deletions]] - List of current resources [[#Proposed|proposed]] for deletion.
* [[:Category:Requests for Deletion]] - List of resources with active deletion [[#Discussion|discussions]].

{{Official policies}}
{{Proposed policies}}
{{subpagesif}}
[[Category:Wikiversity deletion]]</text>
      <sha1>9j2iebu5dhfltsxtbbto3s1mf9vxxxl</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2809992</id>
      <parentid>2809991</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T00:41:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Deletion templates */</comment>
      <origin>2809992</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="18208" sha1="1tu1wflqgqs42uvymvw5lyb5n3ohhbz" xml:space="preserve">{{guideline|WV:D|WV:DEL|WV:DELETE}}
{{nutshell|what=Guideline|While deletion is sometimes permissible when a good reason is given, resources can often blossom when participants are taught good wiki practices and how to implement concrete improvements. These templates are recommended for use by those involved with page deletions:
* '''Speedy delete''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for pages you authored, as well as for pages that clearly don't belong in [[Help:Namespaces|mainspace]]
* '''Proposed deletions''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|prod}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for pages that perhaps should be deleted (or moved to draft or user space) unless they are improved
* '''Deletion requests''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for large projects and difficult decisions
* '''Move to draft or user space''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for research and student efforts (templates and policy guidelines under construction)

'''Don't worry about selecting the &quot;correct&quot; template''', as more than one template may be appropriate. It is more important to provide assistance by flagging resources that you think shouldn't be on Wikiversity.}}

This '''deletion guideline''' explains when and why [[Wikiversity:Support staff|support staff]] may delete and restore resources or specific revisions of a resource. The [[Special:Log/delete|deletion log]] allows anyone to track deletions and restorations at Wikiversity. Deletion removes access while keeping resources and their development histories intact. Access can be restored through undeletion. Deletions and undeletions are discussed at [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]].

== Types of deletion ==
=== Speedy ===
Resources may be subject to '''speedy deletion''' when a good reason is given by adding {{tlx|delete|''your good reason''}}. You may [[#Discussion|request community feedback]], or object with or without explanation by removing the speedy deletion suggestion from the resource. Resources may not be subject to speedy deletion when a reasonable objection is made or is likely because participants may be able to learn how to implement concrete improvements when taught appropriate practices.

====Criteria for speedy deletion====
{{shortcut|WV:CSD|WV:DB|WV:SD|WV:SPEEDY}}
A non-exhaustive list of possible reasons [[Wikiversity:Support staff|support staff]] may speedy delete resources include:

;Common reasons
# '''Test page''' to practice use of the wiki software outside user space.  Experiment in the [[Wikiversity:Sandbox]]. Consider [[Wikiversity:Welcome templates|Welcoming the user]].
#'''[[Wikiversity:Vandalism|Vandalism]]''' and user pages for vandalism-only accounts.
#'''Solicitation''' for products, services, companies, events, people, or other things with no educational merit or which generate direct financial benefit to the contributor.
#'''Spam''' consisting of bulk automated creations, cross-wiki cross-posting, or repetitive external links with no educational value
#'''Repost''' with no concrete improvements to merit keeping. User should [[WV:RFD|request undeletion]] instead.
#'''Author request''' by an only contributor or only substantial contributor, or arising from an expressed consensus of contributors.
#'''Empty category''' with no notice suggesting the category may be occasionally empty.
#'''Copyrighted work''' which does not satisfy [[Foundation:Terms of use|Wikimedia's Terms of Use]].
#'''Orphaned, broken, or unused redirect''' with no educational histories, no links, and either no appropriate targets or not likely to be searched for.
#'''No [[WV:WIW|educational objectives]]''' or discussion in history. [[Wikiversity:Welcome templates|Welcome users]] and resources when likely to be expanded shortly.
#'''No [[Wikiversity:Research|research objectives]]''' or discussion in history. [[Wikiversity:Welcome templates|Welcome users]] and resources when likely to be expanded shortly.

;Less common reasons
# '''Abandoned resource'''
# '''Per [[WV:PROD|proposed deletion]]'''
# '''Per [[Wikiversity:Deletions#Discussion|request for deletion]]'''
# '''Basic maintenance''' such as repairing cut-and-paste moves, and moving resources over a redirect.
# '''Discussion''' about deleted resource where context is lost and becoming an independent resource is unlikely
# '''Resource [[m:transwiki|moved]]''' to another project due to [[Wikiversity:Scope|scope]], or file uploaded to [[commons:|Wikimedia Commons]] with history intact and links fixed.
#'''Unused file''' lacking either a license or a source may be deleted one week after uploader is notified.
#'''Ethical breach''' where a resource standing undeleted may cause harm
# '''Not English'''. See https://www.wikiversity.org to find where contributions may be appreciated
# '''History merge'''
# '''Deletion test'''

=== {{anchor|Proposed deletion}}Proposed deletion (prod)===
{{shortcut|WV:PROD|WV:PRD|WV:PD}}
Resources may be eligible for proposed deletion when education objectives and learning outcomes are scarce, and objections to deletion are unlikely. You may add {{tlxs|prod}} to the top of resources to propose deletion. Support staff may examine the resource after 90 days, and either delete the resource or remove the proposal. Anyone may object by removing the proposed deletion template from the resource, with or without an explanation on the resource's discussion page. Anyone still considering that the resource should be deleted may [[#Discussion|discuss deletion]].

== {{anchor|Deletion discussions|Discussion}}How to discuss ==
You should [[WV:AGF|ask questions and discuss concerns]] with participants, make an effort to [[Wikiversity:Be bold|resolve problems yourself]], and try [[#Alternatives to deletion|alternatives]] as appropriate before suggesting deletion for resources with substantial development histories and contributions from multiple participants. You may ask for guidance and advice, explain what you have done or will do, and discuss options at [[Wikiversity:Requests for deletion]]. Resources are generally kept when a community [[Wikiversity:Consensus|decision]] is inconclusive. Add {{tl|rfd}} to the top of resources to draw attention to the discussion. As a courtesy, you may also notify any participants directly.

Be concise and specific when suggesting solutions, because the preferred outcome is one participants can learn from to implement concrete improvements. On occasion, deletion might be permissible when productivity from a fresh start is likely and concerns relate to Wikiversity's [[Wikiversity:Mission|mission]], [[Wikiversity:Scope|scope]], [[Wikiversity:Process|process]], or [[Wikiversity:Policies|policy]] in some way. If you can raise concerns not addressed by a previous discussion, you may begin a new discussion at [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion|Requests for Deletion]]. Reasonable requests for resources to be restored during discussion are honored, where possible. Please only participate if you are willing to keep an open mind and make an effort to improve resources.

==Alternatives to deletion==
{{shortcut|ATD|WV:ATD}}
Participants can often implement concrete improvements and develop resources further when taught appropriate practices. Possible alternatives to deletion include:

{| style=&quot;border:5px solid #cccccc; border-collapse:separate; border-spacing:1em 1em;&quot;
 |-
 ! What
 ! Solution
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Broken redirects
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Redirect to another appropriate target
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | In a foreign language
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Translate to English, move to target language Wikiversity, or move to [[BetaWikiversity:|Beta Wikiversity]] if there is no Wikiversity in that language 
 |-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Outside learning project's scope
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Merge with another learning project or use to start a new learning project
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Missing or incomplete license information
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Assist user in supplying information, supply it if possible
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Outside of Wikiversity's [[WV:scope|scope]]
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Move to another Wikimedia project or website as appropriate. Some resources may be appropriate in userspace, like personal essays
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Insufficient or unclear
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | If the potential educational value of resources is insufficient or unclear, consider moving to draft or user space 
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Too big or small
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Split big resources into smaller resources or reorganize into subpages. Merge small resources or redirect to a bigger resource.
 |}

Anyone may [[Wikiversity:Be bold|boldly]] implement concrete improvements that reasonably encourages collaborative education, or discuss alternative solutions on a resource's discussion page.

==Deletion templates==
To remove resources from mainspace that cannot be directly used by teachers and instructors use the following templates:
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt; for ''speedy deletion''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|prod}}&lt;/code&gt; for a ''proposed deletion'' 
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt; for a ''deletion request''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|pagemove announcement}}&lt;/code&gt; informs the editors that their page or resource is likely to be moved to either draftspace or userspace.  Wikiversity is a complex interaction between instructor teaching materials, student efforts, and even research.  There is a (growing?) consensus that mainspace focus on teaching resources.
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|draftify}}&lt;/code&gt; for ''proposed moving to the Draft: namespace''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|draft archive}}&lt;/code&gt; for proposal for '' moving under Draft:Archive/ '' (proposal is under construction)

===Speedy deletion===
*Use &lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{delete|(with optional explanation)}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
Use '''Speedy deletion''' for uncontroversial deletions.  Placing '''&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{delete|&lt;suggested reasons go here ...&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;''' at the top of a page creates this banner:
&lt;!-- THIS TEXT WAS CREATED BY CALLING THE TEMPLATE WITH tlxs--&gt;
{{ambox
|type=speedy
|text=This {{lc:{{NAMESPACE}}}} page may qualify for [[Wikiversity:Deletions|speedy deletion]] because: &lt;suggested reasons go here...&gt;&lt;br/&gt;{{#ifeq:{{{self}}}
|yes
|If you disagree, please remove this notice.&lt;br /&gt;
|If you disagree or intend to fix it, and '''you have not contributed to it before''', you may remove this notice. If you have contributed before and disagree, please explain why on {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}
 |{{TALKSPACE}}
 |this discussion page
 |[[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|the discussion page]]
}}, after adding &lt;span style=&quot;font-family:'Lucida Console', monospace&quot;&gt;{{Tl|hangon}}&lt;/span&gt; to the top of the {{lc:{{NAMESPACE}}}}. This will alert [[Wikiversity:Support staff|support staff]] to your intention, and may permit you the time to write your explanation.  Try to make your explanation more eloquent and less hysterical than the example shown above.
}}

&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;''Before [{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|action=delete}} deleting] check the [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|discussion page]], [[Special:Whatlinkshere/{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|what links here]], [{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|action=history}} history] ([{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|diff=0}} last edit]), the [{{fullurl:Special:Log|page={{SUBJECTPAGENAMEE}}}} page log], and [[Wikiversity:Deletions]]. ''&lt;/span&gt;
}}
&lt;!--Must delete this: [[Category:Candidates for speedy deletion|{{PAGENAME}}]]--&gt;
&lt;!-- Ends the delete demonstration--&gt;

The most common use of ''speedy deletion'' is for pages written by a single author and which include copyright violations, pseudoscientific claims, inappropriate language, advertisements, or slander or other efforts to harass living persons. 

Anything that potentially causes harm should be immediately deleted, and ''speedy deletion'' is the fastest way to nominate a page for removal.  But a ''speedy deletion'' is also the most time-consuming to revert (if the resource actually gets deleted).  A good rule of thumb is never to speedy delete a resource that might be [[wikt:salvable|salvable]] or has had active edits in the past three years. Also, hesitate before you ''speedy delete'' a project or a large number of subpages, as reverting such deletions can be extremely time-consuming.

===Proposed deletion===
*Uses &lt;code&gt;{{tlxs|prod}}&lt;/code&gt;

'''Proposed deletion''' (or &quot;prod&quot;) is for pages that may or may not belong in mainspace. It creates allows editors to debate the deletion on the talk page and ponder other options such as moving to the user or draft namespace.  ''Prod'' draws attention and can result in an effort to improve the resource. ''Prod'' places the discussion about whether to delete on the talk page. ''Prod's'' greatest disadvantage is it causes projects to remain in mainspace until the question is resolved. A simple remedy for this is to move the project into user or draft space until an outcome has been decided. Support staff can move a resource with up to 100 subpages.&lt;ref&gt;Moving a resource with 300 subpages takes about three times as long as moving one with 100 subpages, with the added feature that the moved resources is now required to have 3 top pages (with 100 subpages each)&lt;/ref&gt; To understand how ''prod'' works, suppose that on January 1, 2000 you placed '''{{tlxs|prod}}''' at the top of a page to create this banner:

&lt;!-- THIS TEXT WAS CREATED BY CALLING THE TEMPLATE WITH tlxs--&gt;
{{Ombox
| type  = delete
| image = [[File:Orologio rosso.svg|45x45px|center|No license|link=]]
| text  = Please [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=edit}} help improve] the [[WV:WIW|educational quality]] of this resource to increase [[Wikiversity:Learning|engagement]] by [[Wikiversity:Who are Wikiversity participants?|participants]]. Any concrete improvements made by '''{{#time:F j, Y|January 1, 2000 +90 days}}''' may allow it to be [[WV:PROD|kept]]. &lt;br&gt;
You may remove &lt;nowiki&gt;{{proposed deletion}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; from this resource's source text to contest this proposal, with or without [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|discussion]].
}}

&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;{{#if:  | {{{style}}};}}&quot;&gt;[[Special:PrefixIndex/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|''Link to any subpages this page might have'']]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Ends the tlxs|prod demonstration--&gt;

Note that the deadline for improving the page is 90 days after the template was inserted. This gives editors time to improve the page or defend its virtues.  

'''IMPORTANT:''' The proper venue for all discussions is the [[Help:Talk page|talk page]] of the article under consideration.

===Deletion request===
* Uses &lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;

Use '''Deletion request''' if you think a developed page should be deleted or if the topic is complicated in some way. Begin by placing '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;''' at the top of the page to create:
{{ambox
|image = [[File:User-trash.svg|50x50px|link=]]
|text='''Please [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion#{{FULLPAGENAME}}|share your thoughts]] about whether to [[Wikiversity:Deletions|keep this resource or not]]'''. Resources are likely to remain at Wikiversity when you [[Wikiversity:Be bold|boldly]] address reasonable concerns through concrete improvements. We encourage you to give resources a  chance to receive fair reviews and concrete improvements by keeping nomination notices intact.}}
{{center|[[Special:PrefixIndex/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|''Link to any subpages this page might have'']]}}
{{Shortcut|Deletion request|Dr|DR|Rfd|RfD}} 

Click the words [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion|'''share your thoughts''']] in the box. This will lead to a page called [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]]. Follow the instructions for starting a discussion.  Explain why you think the page should be deleted. Be prepared to engage in discussion about the page's value. At some point the discussion will be closed. Sometimes the decision may be to place the article in [[Wikiversity:Drafts|draft space]] or on a subpage of their [[Help:User page|user page]].
*{{spaces|2}}''See also [[w:Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_democracy|Wikipedia is not a democracy]]''

===Pagemove announcement===
*Uses &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{subst:Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
The advantage of moving material into the users or draft namespace is that less time is spent discussing and more time cleaning up. Wikiversity has a limited staff of volunteers, and the quicker decisions are made, the more that can be done. There is a lot of work to do and the work is important. Too many obscure pages in mainspace degrades gives others a bad impression of Wikiversity. On the other hand, people should be encouraged write on Wikiversity about all sorts of topics. The goal is to separate materials recommend for teachers and learners from the discovery, research, and introspection done by Wikiversity users.

A procedure and guidelines for moving mainspace resources into user and draft space is under construction.

'''&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{subst:Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;''' is used to communicate with all the page's main authors' talk pages and looks like this:
{{Robelbox|theme=8|title=Removal of a project from mainspace|width=100%}}
To ''Somebody's username'':

The project '''&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Some page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' has been moved to '''&lt;nowiki&gt;[[User:Somebody's username/Some page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''  

A tentative decision has been made to remove this project from [[Wikiversity:namespaces|mainspace]].  If this move is not under discussion at '''[[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]]''', you may make a request regarding this project at '''[[Wikiversity:Request custodian action]]'''. 

Yours truly, --[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 06:07, 20 December 2022 (UTC)
{{Robelbox/close}}

== See also ==
* [[MediaWiki:Deletereason-dropdown]] - List of common deletion reasons displayed in the deletion interface.
* [[:Category:Candidates for speedy deletion]] - List of current resources suggested for [[#Speedy|speedy deletion]].
* [[:Category:Proposed deletions]] - List of current resources [[#Proposed|proposed]] for deletion.
* [[:Category:Requests for Deletion]] - List of resources with active deletion [[#Discussion|discussions]].

{{Official policies}}
{{Proposed policies}}
{{subpagesif}}
[[Category:Wikiversity deletion]]</text>
      <sha1>1tu1wflqgqs42uvymvw5lyb5n3ohhbz</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2809995</id>
      <parentid>2809992</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T00:55:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Deletion templates */ Copyedit</comment>
      <origin>2809995</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="18171" sha1="kjzzcdxdqf0kh3jg4kikeya5t2y8zck" xml:space="preserve">{{guideline|WV:D|WV:DEL|WV:DELETE}}
{{nutshell|what=Guideline|While deletion is sometimes permissible when a good reason is given, resources can often blossom when participants are taught good wiki practices and how to implement concrete improvements. These templates are recommended for use by those involved with page deletions:
* '''Speedy delete''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for pages you authored, as well as for pages that clearly don't belong in [[Help:Namespaces|mainspace]]
* '''Proposed deletions''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|prod}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for pages that perhaps should be deleted (or moved to draft or user space) unless they are improved
* '''Deletion requests''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for large projects and difficult decisions
* '''Move to draft or user space''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for research and student efforts (templates and policy guidelines under construction)

'''Don't worry about selecting the &quot;correct&quot; template''', as more than one template may be appropriate. It is more important to provide assistance by flagging resources that you think shouldn't be on Wikiversity.}}

This '''deletion guideline''' explains when and why [[Wikiversity:Support staff|support staff]] may delete and restore resources or specific revisions of a resource. The [[Special:Log/delete|deletion log]] allows anyone to track deletions and restorations at Wikiversity. Deletion removes access while keeping resources and their development histories intact. Access can be restored through undeletion. Deletions and undeletions are discussed at [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]].

== Types of deletion ==
=== Speedy ===
Resources may be subject to '''speedy deletion''' when a good reason is given by adding {{tlx|delete|''your good reason''}}. You may [[#Discussion|request community feedback]], or object with or without explanation by removing the speedy deletion suggestion from the resource. Resources may not be subject to speedy deletion when a reasonable objection is made or is likely because participants may be able to learn how to implement concrete improvements when taught appropriate practices.

====Criteria for speedy deletion====
{{shortcut|WV:CSD|WV:DB|WV:SD|WV:SPEEDY}}
A non-exhaustive list of possible reasons [[Wikiversity:Support staff|support staff]] may speedy delete resources include:

;Common reasons
# '''Test page''' to practice use of the wiki software outside user space.  Experiment in the [[Wikiversity:Sandbox]]. Consider [[Wikiversity:Welcome templates|Welcoming the user]].
#'''[[Wikiversity:Vandalism|Vandalism]]''' and user pages for vandalism-only accounts.
#'''Solicitation''' for products, services, companies, events, people, or other things with no educational merit or which generate direct financial benefit to the contributor.
#'''Spam''' consisting of bulk automated creations, cross-wiki cross-posting, or repetitive external links with no educational value
#'''Repost''' with no concrete improvements to merit keeping. User should [[WV:RFD|request undeletion]] instead.
#'''Author request''' by an only contributor or only substantial contributor, or arising from an expressed consensus of contributors.
#'''Empty category''' with no notice suggesting the category may be occasionally empty.
#'''Copyrighted work''' which does not satisfy [[Foundation:Terms of use|Wikimedia's Terms of Use]].
#'''Orphaned, broken, or unused redirect''' with no educational histories, no links, and either no appropriate targets or not likely to be searched for.
#'''No [[WV:WIW|educational objectives]]''' or discussion in history. [[Wikiversity:Welcome templates|Welcome users]] and resources when likely to be expanded shortly.
#'''No [[Wikiversity:Research|research objectives]]''' or discussion in history. [[Wikiversity:Welcome templates|Welcome users]] and resources when likely to be expanded shortly.

;Less common reasons
# '''Abandoned resource'''
# '''Per [[WV:PROD|proposed deletion]]'''
# '''Per [[Wikiversity:Deletions#Discussion|request for deletion]]'''
# '''Basic maintenance''' such as repairing cut-and-paste moves, and moving resources over a redirect.
# '''Discussion''' about deleted resource where context is lost and becoming an independent resource is unlikely
# '''Resource [[m:transwiki|moved]]''' to another project due to [[Wikiversity:Scope|scope]], or file uploaded to [[commons:|Wikimedia Commons]] with history intact and links fixed.
#'''Unused file''' lacking either a license or a source may be deleted one week after uploader is notified.
#'''Ethical breach''' where a resource standing undeleted may cause harm
# '''Not English'''. See https://www.wikiversity.org to find where contributions may be appreciated
# '''History merge'''
# '''Deletion test'''

=== {{anchor|Proposed deletion}}Proposed deletion (prod)===
{{shortcut|WV:PROD|WV:PRD|WV:PD}}
Resources may be eligible for proposed deletion when education objectives and learning outcomes are scarce, and objections to deletion are unlikely. You may add {{tlxs|prod}} to the top of resources to propose deletion. Support staff may examine the resource after 90 days, and either delete the resource or remove the proposal. Anyone may object by removing the proposed deletion template from the resource, with or without an explanation on the resource's discussion page. Anyone still considering that the resource should be deleted may [[#Discussion|discuss deletion]].

== {{anchor|Deletion discussions|Discussion}}How to discuss ==
You should [[WV:AGF|ask questions and discuss concerns]] with participants, make an effort to [[Wikiversity:Be bold|resolve problems yourself]], and try [[#Alternatives to deletion|alternatives]] as appropriate before suggesting deletion for resources with substantial development histories and contributions from multiple participants. You may ask for guidance and advice, explain what you have done or will do, and discuss options at [[Wikiversity:Requests for deletion]]. Resources are generally kept when a community [[Wikiversity:Consensus|decision]] is inconclusive. Add {{tl|rfd}} to the top of resources to draw attention to the discussion. As a courtesy, you may also notify any participants directly.

Be concise and specific when suggesting solutions, because the preferred outcome is one participants can learn from to implement concrete improvements. On occasion, deletion might be permissible when productivity from a fresh start is likely and concerns relate to Wikiversity's [[Wikiversity:Mission|mission]], [[Wikiversity:Scope|scope]], [[Wikiversity:Process|process]], or [[Wikiversity:Policies|policy]] in some way. If you can raise concerns not addressed by a previous discussion, you may begin a new discussion at [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion|Requests for Deletion]]. Reasonable requests for resources to be restored during discussion are honored, where possible. Please only participate if you are willing to keep an open mind and make an effort to improve resources.

==Alternatives to deletion==
{{shortcut|ATD|WV:ATD}}
Participants can often implement concrete improvements and develop resources further when taught appropriate practices. Possible alternatives to deletion include:

{| style=&quot;border:5px solid #cccccc; border-collapse:separate; border-spacing:1em 1em;&quot;
 |-
 ! What
 ! Solution
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Broken redirects
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Redirect to another appropriate target
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | In a foreign language
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Translate to English, move to target language Wikiversity, or move to [[BetaWikiversity:|Beta Wikiversity]] if there is no Wikiversity in that language 
 |-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Outside learning project's scope
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Merge with another learning project or use to start a new learning project
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Missing or incomplete license information
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Assist user in supplying information, supply it if possible
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Outside of Wikiversity's [[WV:scope|scope]]
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Move to another Wikimedia project or website as appropriate. Some resources may be appropriate in userspace, like personal essays
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Insufficient or unclear
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | If the potential educational value of resources is insufficient or unclear, consider moving to draft or user space 
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Too big or small
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Split big resources into smaller resources or reorganize into subpages. Merge small resources or redirect to a bigger resource.
 |}

Anyone may [[Wikiversity:Be bold|boldly]] implement concrete improvements that reasonably encourages collaborative education, or discuss alternative solutions on a resource's discussion page.

==Deletion templates==
To remove resources from mainspace that cannot be directly used by teachers and instructors use the following templates:
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt; for ''speedy deletion''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|prod}}&lt;/code&gt; for a ''proposed deletion'' 
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt; for a ''deletion request''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|pagemove announcement}}&lt;/code&gt; informs editors that the page (and any subpages) are likely to be moved to either draftspace or userspace.  Wikiversity is a complex interaction between instructor teaching materials, student efforts, and even research. Mainspace should focus on teaching, learning, and research resources.
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|draftify}}&lt;/code&gt; for ''proposed moving to the Draft: namespace''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|draft archive}}&lt;/code&gt; for proposal for '' moving under Draft:Archive/ '' (proposal is under construction)

===Speedy deletion===
*Use &lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{delete|(with optional explanation)}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
Use '''Speedy deletion''' for uncontroversial deletions.  Placing '''&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{delete|&lt;suggested reasons go here ...&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;''' at the top of a page creates this banner:
&lt;!-- THIS TEXT WAS CREATED BY CALLING THE TEMPLATE WITH tlxs--&gt;
{{ambox
|type=speedy
|text=This {{lc:{{NAMESPACE}}}} page may qualify for [[Wikiversity:Deletions|speedy deletion]] because: &lt;suggested reasons go here...&gt;&lt;br/&gt;{{#ifeq:{{{self}}}
|yes
|If you disagree, please remove this notice.&lt;br /&gt;
|If you disagree or intend to fix it, and '''you have not contributed to it before''', you may remove this notice. If you have contributed before and disagree, please explain why on {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}
 |{{TALKSPACE}}
 |this discussion page
 |[[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|the discussion page]]
}}, after adding &lt;span style=&quot;font-family:'Lucida Console', monospace&quot;&gt;{{Tl|hangon}}&lt;/span&gt; to the top of the {{lc:{{NAMESPACE}}}}. This will alert [[Wikiversity:Support staff|support staff]] to your intention, and may permit you the time to write your explanation.  Try to make your explanation more eloquent and less hysterical than the example shown above.
}}

&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;''Before [{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|action=delete}} deleting] check the [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|discussion page]], [[Special:Whatlinkshere/{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|what links here]], [{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|action=history}} history] ([{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|diff=0}} last edit]), the [{{fullurl:Special:Log|page={{SUBJECTPAGENAMEE}}}} page log], and [[Wikiversity:Deletions]]. ''&lt;/span&gt;
}}
&lt;!--Must delete this: [[Category:Candidates for speedy deletion|{{PAGENAME}}]]--&gt;
&lt;!-- Ends the delete demonstration--&gt;

The most common use of ''speedy deletion'' is for pages written by a single author and which include copyright violations, pseudoscientific claims, inappropriate language, advertisements, or slander or other efforts to harass living persons. 

Anything that potentially causes harm should be immediately deleted, and ''speedy deletion'' is the fastest way to nominate a page for removal. But a ''speedy deletion'' is also the most time-consuming to revert (if the resource actually gets deleted). A good rule of thumb is never to speedy delete a resource that might be [[wikt:salvable|salvable]] or has had active edits in the past three years. Also, hesitate before you ''speedy delete'' a project or a large number of subpages, as reverting such deletions can be extremely time-consuming.

===Proposed deletion===
*Uses &lt;code&gt;{{tlxs|prod}}&lt;/code&gt;

'''Proposed deletion''' (or &quot;prod&quot;) is for pages that may or may not belong in mainspace. It allows editors to debate possible deletion on the talk page and ponder other options such as moving to the user or draft namespace. ''Prod'' draws attention and can result in an effort to improve the resource. ''Prod'' places the discussion about whether to delete on the talk page. ''Prod's'' greatest disadvantage is it causes projects to remain in mainspace until the question is resolved. A simple remedy for this is to move the project into user or draft space until an outcome has been decided. Support staff can move a resource with up to 100 subpages.&lt;ref&gt;Moving a resource with 300 subpages takes about three times as long as moving one with 100 subpages, with the added feature that the moved resources are now required to have 3 top pages (with 100 subpages each)&lt;/ref&gt; To understand how ''prod'' works, suppose that on January 1, 2000 you placed '''{{tlxs|prod}}''' at the top of a page to create this banner:

&lt;!-- THIS TEXT WAS CREATED BY CALLING THE TEMPLATE WITH tlxs--&gt;
{{Ombox
| type  = delete
| image = [[File:Orologio rosso.svg|45x45px|center|No license|link=]]
| text  = Please [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=edit}} help improve] the [[WV:WIW|educational quality]] of this resource to increase [[Wikiversity:Learning|engagement]] by [[Wikiversity:Who are Wikiversity participants?|participants]]. Any concrete improvements made by '''{{#time:F j, Y|January 1, 2000 +90 days}}''' may allow it to be [[WV:PROD|kept]]. &lt;br&gt;
You may remove &lt;nowiki&gt;{{proposed deletion}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; from this resource's source text to contest this proposal, with or without [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|discussion]].
}}

&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;{{#if:  | {{{style}}};}}&quot;&gt;[[Special:PrefixIndex/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|''Link to any subpages this page might have'']]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Ends the tlxs|prod demonstration--&gt;

Note that the deadline for improving the page is 90 days after the template was inserted. This gives editors time to improve the page or defend its virtues.  

'''IMPORTANT:''' The proper venue for all discussions is the [[Help:Talk page|talk page]] of the article under consideration.

===Deletion request===
* Uses &lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;

Use '''Deletion request''' if you think a developed page should be deleted or if the topic is complicated in some way. Begin by placing '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;''' at the top of the page to create:
{{ambox
|image = [[File:User-trash.svg|50x50px|link=]]
|text='''Please [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion#{{FULLPAGENAME}}|share your thoughts]] about whether to [[Wikiversity:Deletions|keep this resource or not]]'''. Resources are likely to remain at Wikiversity when you [[Wikiversity:Be bold|boldly]] address reasonable concerns through concrete improvements. We encourage you to give resources a chance to receive fair reviews and concrete improvements by keeping nomination notices intact.}}
{{center|[[Special:PrefixIndex/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|''Link to any subpages this page might have'']]}}
{{Shortcut|Deletion request|Dr|DR|Rfd|RfD}} 

Click the words [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion|'''share your thoughts''']] in the box. This will lead to a page called [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]]. Follow the instructions for starting a discussion. Explain why you think the page should be deleted. Be prepared to engage in discussion about the page's value. At some point the discussion will be closed. Sometimes the decision may be to place the article in [[Wikiversity:Drafts|draft space]] or on a subpage of their [[Help:User page|user page]].
*{{spaces|2}}''See also [[w:Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_democracy|Wikipedia is not a democracy]]''

===Pagemove announcement===
*Uses &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{subst:Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
The advantage of moving material into the user or draft namespace is that less time is spent discussing and more time cleaning up. Wikiversity has a limited staff of volunteers, and the quicker decisions are made, the more that can be done. Too many obscure pages in mainspace gives others a bad impression of Wikiversity. On the other hand, people should be encouraged to write on Wikiversity about all sorts of topics. The goal is to separate materials recommend for teachers, learners, and researchers from the discovery and exploration done by Wikiversity users.
&lt;!-- No link or evidence for this: A procedure and guidelines for moving mainspace resources into user and draft space is under construction. --&gt;

'''&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{subst:Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;''' is used to communicate with all the page's main authors' talk pages and looks like this:
{{Robelbox|theme=8|title=Removal of a project from mainspace|width=100%}}
To ''Somebody's username'':

The project '''&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Some page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' has been moved to '''&lt;nowiki&gt;[[User:Somebody's username/Some page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''  

A tentative decision has been made to remove this project from [[Wikiversity:namespaces|mainspace]]. If this move is not under discussion at '''[[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]]''', you may make a request regarding this project at '''[[Wikiversity:Request custodian action]]'''. 

Yours truly, --[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 06:07, 20 December 2022 (UTC)
{{Robelbox/close}}

== See also ==
* [[MediaWiki:Deletereason-dropdown]] - List of common deletion reasons displayed in the deletion interface.
* [[:Category:Candidates for speedy deletion]] - List of current resources suggested for [[#Speedy|speedy deletion]].
* [[:Category:Proposed deletions]] - List of current resources [[#Proposed|proposed]] for deletion.
* [[:Category:Requests for Deletion]] - List of resources with active deletion [[#Discussion|discussions]].

{{Official policies}}
{{Proposed policies}}
{{subpagesif}}
[[Category:Wikiversity deletion]]</text>
      <sha1>kjzzcdxdqf0kh3jg4kikeya5t2y8zck</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2809996</id>
      <parentid>2809995</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T00:56:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
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      <text bytes="18168" sha1="6xfmnmbs9q5tu6dajo0w5zgq1l07lx4" xml:space="preserve">{{guideline|WV:D|WV:DEL|WV:DELETE}}
{{nutshell|what=Guideline|While deletion is sometimes permissible when a good reason is given, resources can often blossom when participants are taught good wiki practices and how to implement concrete improvements. These templates are recommended for use by those involved with page deletions:
* '''Speedy delete''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for pages you authored, as well as for pages that clearly don't belong in [[Help:Namespaces|mainspace]]
* '''Proposed deletions''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|prod}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for pages that perhaps should be deleted (or moved to draft or user space) unless they are improved
* '''Deletion requests''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for large projects and difficult decisions
* '''Move to draft or user space''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for research and student efforts (templates and policy guidelines under construction)

'''Don't worry about selecting the &quot;correct&quot; template''', as more than one template may be appropriate. It is more important to provide assistance by flagging resources that you think shouldn't be on Wikiversity.}}

This '''deletion guideline''' explains when and why [[Wikiversity:Support staff|support staff]] may delete and restore resources or specific revisions of a resource. The [[Special:Log/delete|deletion log]] allows anyone to track deletions and restorations at Wikiversity. Deletion removes access while keeping resources and their development histories intact. Access can be restored through undeletion. Deletions and undeletions are discussed at [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]].

== Types of deletion ==
=== Speedy ===
Resources may be subject to '''speedy deletion''' when a good reason is given by adding {{tlx|delete|''your good reason''}}. You may [[#Discussion|request community feedback]], or object with or without explanation by removing the speedy deletion suggestion from the resource. Resources may not be subject to speedy deletion when a reasonable objection is made or is likely because participants may be able to learn how to implement concrete improvements when taught appropriate practices.

====Criteria for speedy deletion====
{{shortcut|WV:CSD|WV:DB|WV:SD|WV:SPEEDY}}
A non-exhaustive list of possible reasons [[Wikiversity:Support staff|support staff]] may speedy delete resources include:

;Common reasons
# '''Test page''' to practice use of the wiki software outside user space.  Experiment in the [[Wikiversity:Sandbox]]. Consider [[Wikiversity:Welcome templates|Welcoming the user]].
#'''[[Wikiversity:Vandalism|Vandalism]]''' and user pages for vandalism-only accounts.
#'''Solicitation''' for products, services, companies, events, people, or other things with no educational merit or which generate direct financial benefit to the contributor.
#'''Spam''' consisting of bulk automated creations, cross-wiki cross-posting, or repetitive external links with no educational value
#'''Repost''' with no concrete improvements to merit keeping. User should [[WV:RFD|request undeletion]] instead.
#'''Author request''' by an only contributor or only substantial contributor, or arising from an expressed consensus of contributors.
#'''Empty category''' with no notice suggesting the category may be occasionally empty.
#'''Copyrighted work''' which does not satisfy [[Foundation:Terms of use|Wikimedia's Terms of Use]].
#'''Orphaned, broken, or unused redirect''' with no educational histories, no links, and either no appropriate targets or not likely to be searched for.
#'''No [[WV:WIW|educational objectives]]''' or discussion in history. [[Wikiversity:Welcome templates|Welcome users]] and resources when likely to be expanded shortly.
#'''No [[Wikiversity:Research|research objectives]]''' or discussion in history. [[Wikiversity:Welcome templates|Welcome users]] and resources when likely to be expanded shortly.

;Less common reasons
# '''Abandoned resource'''
# '''Per [[WV:PROD|proposed deletion]]'''
# '''Per [[Wikiversity:Deletions#Discussion|request for deletion]]'''
# '''Basic maintenance''' such as repairing cut-and-paste moves, and moving resources over a redirect.
# '''Discussion''' about deleted resource where context is lost and becoming an independent resource is unlikely
# '''Resource [[m:transwiki|moved]]''' to another project due to [[Wikiversity:Scope|scope]], or file uploaded to [[commons:|Wikimedia Commons]] with history intact and links fixed.
#'''Unused file''' lacking either a license or a source may be deleted one week after uploader is notified.
#'''Ethical breach''' where a resource standing undeleted may cause harm
# '''Not English'''. See https://www.wikiversity.org to find where contributions may be appreciated
# '''History merge'''
# '''Deletion test'''

=== {{anchor|Proposed deletion}}Proposed deletion (prod)===
{{shortcut|WV:PROD|WV:PRD|WV:PD}}
Resources may be eligible for proposed deletion when education objectives and learning outcomes are scarce, and objections to deletion are unlikely. You may add {{tlxs|prod}} to the top of resources to propose deletion. Support staff may examine the resource after 90 days, and either delete the resource or remove the proposal. Anyone may object by removing the proposed deletion template from the resource, with or without an explanation on the resource's discussion page. Anyone still considering that the resource should be deleted may [[#Discussion|discuss deletion]].

== {{anchor|Deletion discussions|Discussion}}How to discuss ==
You should [[WV:AGF|ask questions and discuss concerns]] with participants, make an effort to [[Wikiversity:Be bold|resolve problems yourself]], and try [[#Alternatives to deletion|alternatives]] as appropriate before suggesting deletion for resources with substantial development histories and contributions from multiple participants. You may ask for guidance and advice, explain what you have done or will do, and discuss options at [[Wikiversity:Requests for deletion]]. Resources are generally kept when a community [[Wikiversity:Consensus|decision]] is inconclusive. Add {{tl|rfd}} to the top of resources to draw attention to the discussion. As a courtesy, you may also notify any participants directly.

Be concise and specific when suggesting solutions, because the preferred outcome is one participants can learn from to implement concrete improvements. On occasion, deletion might be permissible when productivity from a fresh start is likely and concerns relate to Wikiversity's [[Wikiversity:Mission|mission]], [[Wikiversity:Scope|scope]], [[Wikiversity:Process|process]], or [[Wikiversity:Policies|policy]] in some way. If you can raise concerns not addressed by a previous discussion, you may begin a new discussion at [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion|Requests for Deletion]]. Reasonable requests for resources to be restored during discussion are honored, where possible. Please only participate if you are willing to keep an open mind and make an effort to improve resources.

==Alternatives to deletion==
{{shortcut|ATD|WV:ATD}}
Participants can often implement concrete improvements and develop resources further when taught appropriate practices. Possible alternatives to deletion include:

{| style=&quot;border:5px solid #cccccc; border-collapse:separate; border-spacing:1em 1em;&quot;
 |-
 ! What
 ! Solution
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Broken redirects
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Redirect to another appropriate target
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | In a foreign language
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Translate to English, move to target language Wikiversity, or move to [[BetaWikiversity:|Beta Wikiversity]] if there is no Wikiversity in that language 
 |-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Outside learning project's scope
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Merge with another learning project or use to start a new learning project
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Missing or incomplete license information
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Assist user in supplying information, supply it if possible
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Outside of Wikiversity's [[WV:scope|scope]]
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Move to another Wikimedia project or website as appropriate. Some resources may be appropriate in userspace, like personal essays
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Insufficient or unclear
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | If the potential educational value of resources is insufficient or unclear, consider moving to draft or user space 
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Too big or small
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Split big resources into smaller resources or reorganize into subpages. Merge small resources or redirect to a bigger resource.
 |}

Anyone may [[Wikiversity:Be bold|boldly]] implement concrete improvements that reasonably encourages collaborative education, or discuss alternative solutions on a resource's discussion page.

==Deletion templates==
To remove resources from mainspace that cannot be directly used by teachers and instructors use the following templates:
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt; for ''speedy deletion''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|prod}}&lt;/code&gt; for a ''proposed deletion'' 
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt; for a ''deletion request''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|pagemove announcement}}&lt;/code&gt; informs editors that the page (and any subpages) are likely to be moved to either draftspace or userspace.  Wikiversity is a complex interaction between instructor teaching materials, student efforts, and even research. Mainspace should focus on teaching, learning, and research resources.
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|draftify}}&lt;/code&gt; for ''proposed moving to the Draft: namespace''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|draft archive}}&lt;/code&gt; for proposal for '' moving under Draft:Archive/ '' (proposal is under construction)

===Speedy deletion===
*Use &lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{delete|(with optional explanation)}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
Use '''Speedy deletion''' for uncontroversial deletions.  Placing '''&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{delete|&lt;suggested reasons go here ...&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;''' at the top of a page creates this banner:
&lt;!-- THIS TEXT WAS CREATED BY CALLING THE TEMPLATE WITH tlxs--&gt;
{{ambox
|type=speedy
|text=This {{lc:{{NAMESPACE}}}} page may qualify for [[Wikiversity:Deletions|speedy deletion]] because: &lt;suggested reasons go here...&gt;&lt;br/&gt;{{#ifeq:{{{self}}}
|yes
|If you disagree, please remove this notice.&lt;br /&gt;
|If you disagree or intend to fix it, and '''you have not contributed to it before''', you may remove this notice. If you have contributed before and disagree, please explain why on {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}
 |{{TALKSPACE}}
 |this discussion page
 |[[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|the discussion page]]
}}, after adding &lt;span style=&quot;font-family:'Lucida Console', monospace&quot;&gt;{{Tl|hangon}}&lt;/span&gt; to the top of the {{lc:{{NAMESPACE}}}}. This will alert [[Wikiversity:Support staff|support staff]] to your intention, and may permit you the time to write your explanation.  Try to make your explanation more eloquent and less hysterical than the example shown above.
}}

&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;''Before [{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|action=delete}} deleting] check the [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|discussion page]], [[Special:Whatlinkshere/{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|what links here]], [{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|action=history}} history] ([{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|diff=0}} last edit]), the [{{fullurl:Special:Log|page={{SUBJECTPAGENAMEE}}}} page log], and [[Wikiversity:Deletions]]. ''&lt;/span&gt;
}}
&lt;!--Must delete this: [[Category:Candidates for speedy deletion|{{PAGENAME}}]]--&gt;
&lt;!-- Ends the delete demonstration--&gt;

The most common use of ''speedy deletion'' is for pages written by a single author and which include copyright violations, pseudoscientific claims, inappropriate language, advertisements, or slander or other efforts to harass living persons. 

Anything that potentially causes harm should be immediately deleted, and ''speedy deletion'' is the fastest way to nominate a page for removal. But a ''speedy deletion'' is also the most time-consuming to revert (if the resource actually gets deleted). A good rule of thumb is never to speedy delete a resource that might be [[wikt:salvable|salvable]] or has had active edits in the past three years. Also, hesitate before you ''speedy delete'' a project or a large number of subpages, as reverting such deletions can be extremely time-consuming.

===Proposed deletion===
*Uses &lt;code&gt;{{tlxs|prod}}&lt;/code&gt;

'''Proposed deletion''' (or &quot;prod&quot;) is for pages that may or may not belong in mainspace. It allows editors to debate possible deletion on the talk page and ponder other options such as moving to the user or draft namespace. ''Prod'' draws attention and can result in an effort to improve the resource. ''Prod'' places the discussion about whether to delete on the talk page. ''Prod's'' greatest disadvantage is it causes projects to remain in mainspace until the question is resolved. A simple remedy for this is to move the project into user or draft space until an outcome has been decided. Support staff can move a resource with up to 100 subpages.&lt;ref&gt;Moving a resource with 300 subpages takes about three times as long as moving one with 100 subpages, with the added feature that the moved resources are now required to have 3 top pages (with 100 subpages each)&lt;/ref&gt; To understand how ''prod'' works, suppose that on January 1, 2000 you placed '''{{tlxs|prod}}''' at the top of a page to create this banner:

&lt;!-- THIS TEXT WAS CREATED BY CALLING THE TEMPLATE WITH tlxs--&gt;
{{Ombox
| type  = delete
| image = [[File:Orologio rosso.svg|45x45px|center|No license|link=]]
| text  = Please [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=edit}} help improve] the [[WV:WIW|educational quality]] of this resource to increase [[Wikiversity:Learning|engagement]] by [[Wikiversity:Who are Wikiversity participants?|participants]]. Any concrete improvements made by '''{{#time:F j, Y|January 1, 2000 +90 days}}''' may allow it to be [[WV:PROD|kept]]. &lt;br&gt;
You may remove &lt;nowiki&gt;{{proposed deletion}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; from this resource's source text to contest this proposal, with or without [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|discussion]].
}}

&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;{{#if:  | {{{style}}};}}&quot;&gt;[[Special:PrefixIndex/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|''Link to any subpages this page might have'']]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Ends the tlxs|prod demonstration--&gt;

Note that the deadline for improving the page is 90 days after the template was inserted. This gives editors time to improve the page or defend its virtues.  

'''IMPORTANT:''' The proper venue for all discussions is the [[Help:Talk page|talk page]] of the article under consideration.

===Deletion request===
* Uses &lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;

Use '''Deletion request''' if you think a developed page should be deleted or if the topic is complicated in some way. Begin by placing '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;''' at the top of the page to create:
{{ambox
|image = [[File:User-trash.svg|50x50px|link=]]
|text='''Please [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion#{{FULLPAGENAME}}|share your thoughts]] about whether to [[Wikiversity:Deletions|keep this resource or not]]'''. Resources are likely to remain at Wikiversity when you [[Wikiversity:Be bold|boldly]] address reasonable concerns through concrete improvements. We encourage you to give resources a chance to receive fair reviews and concrete improvements by keeping nomination notices intact.}}
{{center|[[Special:PrefixIndex/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|''Link to any subpages this page might have'']]}}
{{Shortcut|Deletion request|Dr|DR|Rfd|RfD}} 

Click the words [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion|'''share your thoughts''']] in the box. This will lead to a page called [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]]. Follow the instructions for starting a discussion. Explain why you think the page should be deleted. Be prepared to engage in discussion about the page's value. At some point the discussion will be closed. Sometimes the decision may be to place the article in [[Wikiversity:Drafts|draft space]] or on a subpage of their [[Help:User page|user page]].
*{{spaces|2}}''See also [[w:Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_democracy|Wikipedia is not a democracy]]''

===Pagemove announcement===
*Uses &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{subst:Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
The advantage of moving material into the user or draft namespace is that less time is spent discussing and more time cleaning up. Wikiversity has a limited staff of volunteers, and the quicker decisions are made, the more that can be done. Too many obscure pages in mainspace gives others a bad impression of Wikiversity. On the other hand, people should be encouraged to write on Wikiversity about all sorts of topics. The goal is to separate materials recommend for teachers, learners, and researchers from the discovery and exploration done by Wikiversity users.
&lt;!-- No link or evidence for this: A procedure and guidelines for moving mainspace resources into user and draft space is under construction. --&gt;

'''&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{subst:Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;''' is used to communicate with all the page's main authors' talk pages and looks like this:
{{Robelbox|theme=8|title=Removal of a project from mainspace|width=100%}}
To ''Somebody's username'':

The project '''&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Some page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' has been moved to '''&lt;nowiki&gt;[[User:Somebody's username/Some page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''  

A tentative decision has been made to remove this project from [[Wikiversity:namespaces|mainspace]]. If this move is not under discussion at '''[[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]]''', you may make a request regarding this project at '''[[Wikiversity:Request custodian action]]'''. 

Yours truly, --[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 06:07, 20 December 2022 (UTC)
{{Robelbox/close}}

== See also ==
* [[MediaWiki:Deletereason-dropdown]] - List of common deletion reasons displayed in the deletion interface
* [[:Category:Candidates for speedy deletion]] - List of current resources suggested for [[#Speedy|speedy deletion]]
* [[:Category:Proposed deletions]] - List of current resources [[#Proposed|proposed]] for deletion
* [[:Category:Requests for Deletion]] - List of resources with active deletion [[#Discussion|discussions]]

{{Official policies}}
{{Proposed policies}}
{{subpagesif}}

[[Category:Wikiversity deletion]]</text>
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      <text bytes="18209" sha1="natnqwhw98tafn6hi6ecoz3wlf8cy9x" xml:space="preserve">{{guideline|WV:D|WV:DEL|WV:DELETE}}
{{nutshell|what=Guideline|While deletion is sometimes permissible when a good reason is given, resources can often blossom when participants are taught good wiki practices and how to implement concrete improvements. These templates are recommended for use by those involved with page deletions:
* '''Speedy delete''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for pages you authored, as well as for pages that clearly don't belong in [[Help:Namespaces|mainspace]]
* '''Proposed deletions''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|prod}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for pages that perhaps should be deleted (or moved to draft or user space) unless they are improved
* '''Deletion requests''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for large projects and difficult decisions
* '''Move to draft or user space''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for research and student efforts (templates and policy guidelines under construction)

'''Don't worry about selecting the &quot;correct&quot; template''', as more than one template may be appropriate. It is more important to provide assistance by flagging resources that you think shouldn't be on Wikiversity.}}

This '''deletion guideline''' explains when and why [[Wikiversity:Support staff|support staff]] may delete and restore resources or specific revisions of a resource. The [[Special:Log/delete|deletion log]] allows anyone to track deletions and restorations at Wikiversity. Deletion removes access while keeping resources and their development histories intact. Access can be restored through undeletion. Deletions and undeletions are discussed at [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]].

== Types of deletion ==
=== Speedy ===
Resources may be subject to '''speedy deletion''' when a good reason is given by adding {{tlx|delete|''your good reason''}}. You may [[#Discussion|request community feedback]], or object with or without explanation by removing the speedy deletion suggestion from the resource. Resources may not be subject to speedy deletion when a reasonable objection is made or is likely because participants may be able to learn how to implement concrete improvements when taught appropriate practices.

====Criteria for speedy deletion====
{{shortcut|WV:CSD|WV:DB|WV:SD|WV:SPEEDY}}
A non-exhaustive list of possible reasons [[Wikiversity:Support staff|support staff]] may speedy delete resources include:

;Common reasons
# '''Test page''' to practice use of the wiki software outside user space.  Experiment in the [[Wikiversity:Sandbox]]. Consider [[Wikiversity:Welcome templates|Welcoming the user]].
#'''[[Wikiversity:Vandalism|Vandalism]]''' and user pages for vandalism-only accounts.
#'''Solicitation''' for products, services, companies, events, people, or other things with no educational merit or which generate direct financial benefit to the contributor.
#'''Spam''' consisting of bulk automated creations, cross-wiki cross-posting, or repetitive external links with no educational value
#'''Repost''' with no concrete improvements to merit keeping. User should [[WV:RFD|request undeletion]] instead.
#'''Author request''' by an only contributor or only substantial contributor, or arising from an expressed consensus of contributors.
#'''Empty category''' with no notice suggesting the category may be occasionally empty.
#'''Copyrighted work''' which does not satisfy [[Foundation:Terms of use|Wikimedia's Terms of Use]].
#'''Orphaned, broken, or unused redirect''' with no educational histories, no links, and either no appropriate targets or not likely to be searched for.
#'''No [[WV:WIW|educational objectives]]''' or discussion in history. [[Wikiversity:Welcome templates|Welcome users]] and resources when likely to be expanded shortly.
#'''No [[Wikiversity:Research|research objectives]]''' or discussion in history. [[Wikiversity:Welcome templates|Welcome users]] and resources when likely to be expanded shortly.

;Less common reasons
# '''Abandoned resource'''
# '''Per [[WV:PROD|proposed deletion]]'''
# '''Per [[Wikiversity:Deletions#Discussion|request for deletion]]'''
# '''Basic maintenance''' such as repairing cut-and-paste moves, and moving resources over a redirect.
# '''Discussion''' about deleted resource where context is lost and becoming an independent resource is unlikely
# '''Resource [[m:transwiki|moved]]''' to another project due to [[Wikiversity:Scope|scope]], or file uploaded to [[commons:|Wikimedia Commons]] with history intact and links fixed.
#'''Unused file''' lacking either a license or a source may be deleted one week after uploader is notified.
#'''Ethical breach''' where a resource standing undeleted may cause harm
# '''Not English'''. See https://www.wikiversity.org to find where contributions may be appreciated
# '''History merge'''
# '''Deletion test'''

=== {{anchor|Proposed deletion}}Proposed deletion (prod)===
{{shortcut|WV:PROD|WV:PRD|WV:PD}}
Resources may be eligible for proposed deletion when education objectives and learning outcomes are scarce, and objections to deletion are unlikely. You may add {{tlxs|prod}} to the top of resources to propose deletion. Support staff may examine the resource after 90 days, and either delete the resource or remove the proposal. Anyone may object by removing the proposed deletion template from the resource, with or without an explanation on the resource's discussion page. Anyone still considering that the resource should be deleted may [[#Discussion|discuss deletion]].

== {{anchor|Deletion discussions|Discussion}}How to discuss ==
You should [[WV:AGF|ask questions and discuss concerns]] with participants, make an effort to [[Wikiversity:Be bold|resolve problems yourself]], and try [[#Alternatives to deletion|alternatives]] as appropriate before suggesting deletion for resources with substantial development histories and contributions from multiple participants. You may ask for guidance and advice, explain what you have done or will do, and discuss options at [[Wikiversity:Requests for deletion]]. Resources are generally kept when a community [[Wikiversity:Consensus|decision]] is inconclusive. Add {{tl|rfd}} to the top of resources to draw attention to the discussion. As a courtesy, you may also notify any participants directly.

Be concise and specific when suggesting solutions, because the preferred outcome is one participants can learn from to implement concrete improvements. On occasion, deletion might be permissible when productivity from a fresh start is likely and concerns relate to Wikiversity's [[Wikiversity:Mission|mission]], [[Wikiversity:Scope|scope]], [[Wikiversity:Process|process]], or [[Wikiversity:Policies|policy]] in some way. If you can raise concerns not addressed by a previous discussion, you may begin a new discussion at [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion|Requests for Deletion]]. Reasonable requests for resources to be restored during discussion are honored, where possible. Please only participate if you are willing to keep an open mind and make an effort to improve resources.

==Alternatives to deletion==
{{shortcut|ATD|WV:ATD}}
Participants can often implement concrete improvements and develop resources further when taught appropriate practices. Possible alternatives to deletion include:

{| style=&quot;border:5px solid #cccccc; border-collapse:separate; border-spacing:1em 1em;&quot;
 |-
 ! What
 ! Solution
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Broken redirects
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Redirect to another appropriate target
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | In a foreign language
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Translate to English, move to target language Wikiversity, or move to [[BetaWikiversity:|Beta Wikiversity]] if there is no Wikiversity in that language 
 |-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Outside learning project's scope
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Merge with another learning project or use to start a new learning project
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Missing or incomplete license information
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Assist user in supplying information, supply it if possible
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Outside of Wikiversity's [[WV:scope|scope]]
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Move to another Wikimedia project or website as appropriate. Some resources may be appropriate in userspace, like personal essays
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Insufficient or unclear
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | If the potential educational value of resources is insufficient or unclear, consider moving to draft or user space 
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Too big or small
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Split big resources into smaller resources or reorganize into subpages. Merge small resources or redirect to a bigger resource.
 |}

Anyone may [[Wikiversity:Be bold|boldly]] implement concrete improvements that reasonably encourages collaborative education, or discuss alternative solutions on a resource's discussion page.

==Deletion templates==
To remove resources from mainspace that cannot be directly used by teachers and instructors use the following templates:
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt; for ''speedy deletion''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|prod}}&lt;/code&gt; for a ''proposed deletion'' 
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt; for a ''deletion request''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|pagemove announcement}}&lt;/code&gt; informs editors that the page (and any subpages) are likely to be moved to either draftspace or userspace.  Wikiversity is a complex interaction between instructor teaching materials, student efforts, and even research. Mainspace should focus on teaching, learning, and research resources.
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|draftify}}&lt;/code&gt; for ''proposed moving to the Draft: namespace''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|draft archive}}&lt;/code&gt; for proposal for '' moving under Draft:Archive/ '' (proposal is under construction)

===Speedy deletion===
*Use &lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{delete|(with optional explanation)}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
Use '''Speedy deletion''' for uncontroversial deletions.  Placing '''&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{delete|&lt;suggested reasons go here ...&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;''' at the top of a page creates this banner:
&lt;!-- THIS TEXT WAS CREATED BY CALLING THE TEMPLATE WITH tlxs--&gt;
{{ambox
|type=speedy
|text=This {{lc:{{NAMESPACE}}}} page may qualify for [[Wikiversity:Deletions|speedy deletion]] because: &lt;suggested reasons go here...&gt;&lt;br/&gt;{{#ifeq:{{{self}}}
|yes
|If you disagree, please remove this notice.&lt;br /&gt;
|If you disagree or intend to fix it, and '''you have not contributed to it before''', you may remove this notice. If you have contributed before and disagree, please explain why on {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}
 |{{TALKSPACE}}
 |this discussion page
 |[[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|the discussion page]]
}}, after adding &lt;span style=&quot;font-family:'Lucida Console', monospace&quot;&gt;{{Tl|hangon}}&lt;/span&gt; to the top of the {{lc:{{NAMESPACE}}}}. This will alert [[Wikiversity:Support staff|support staff]] to your intention, and may permit you the time to write your explanation.  Try to make your explanation more eloquent and less hysterical than the example shown above.
}}

&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;''Before [{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|action=delete}} deleting] check the [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|discussion page]], [[Special:Whatlinkshere/{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|what links here]], [{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|action=history}} history] ([{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|diff=0}} last edit]), the [{{fullurl:Special:Log|page={{SUBJECTPAGENAMEE}}}} page log], and [[Wikiversity:Deletions]]. ''&lt;/span&gt;
}}
&lt;!--Must delete this: [[Category:Candidates for speedy deletion|{{PAGENAME}}]]--&gt;
&lt;!-- Ends the delete demonstration--&gt;

The most common use of ''speedy deletion'' is for pages written by a single author and which include copyright violations, pseudoscientific claims, inappropriate language, advertisements, or slander or other efforts to harass living persons. 

Anything that potentially causes harm should be immediately deleted, and ''speedy deletion'' is the fastest way to nominate a page for removal. But a ''speedy deletion'' is also the most time-consuming to revert (if the resource actually gets deleted). A good rule of thumb is never to speedy delete a resource that might be [[wikt:salvable|salvable]] or has had active edits in the past three years. Also, hesitate before you ''speedy delete'' a project or a large number of subpages, as reverting such deletions can be extremely time-consuming.

===Proposed deletion===
*Uses &lt;code&gt;{{tlxs|prod}}&lt;/code&gt;

'''Proposed deletion''' (or &quot;prod&quot;) is for pages that may or may not belong in mainspace. It allows editors to debate possible deletion on the talk page and ponder other options such as moving to the user or draft namespace. ''Prod'' draws attention and can result in an effort to improve the resource. ''Prod'' places the discussion about whether to delete on the talk page. ''Prod's'' greatest disadvantage is it causes projects to remain in mainspace until the question is resolved. A simple remedy for this is to move the project into user or draft space until an outcome has been decided. Support staff can move a resource with up to 100 subpages.&lt;ref&gt;Moving a resource with 300 subpages takes about three times as long as moving one with 100 subpages, with the added feature that the moved resources are now required to have 3 top pages (with 100 subpages each)&lt;/ref&gt; To understand how ''prod'' works, suppose that on January 1, 2000 you placed '''{{tlxs|prod}}''' at the top of a page to create this banner:

&lt;!-- THIS TEXT WAS CREATED BY CALLING THE TEMPLATE WITH tlxs--&gt;
{{Ombox
| type  = delete
| image = [[File:Orologio rosso.svg|45x45px|center|No license|link=]]
| text  = Please [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=edit}} help improve] the [[WV:WIW|educational quality]] of this resource to increase [[Wikiversity:Learning|engagement]] by [[Wikiversity:Who are Wikiversity participants?|participants]]. Any concrete improvements made by '''{{#time:F j, Y|January 1, 2000 +90 days}}''' may allow it to be [[WV:PROD|kept]]. &lt;br&gt;
You may remove &lt;nowiki&gt;{{proposed deletion}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; from this resource's source text to contest this proposal, with or without [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|discussion]].
}}

&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;{{#if:  | {{{style}}};}}&quot;&gt;[[Special:PrefixIndex/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|''Link to any subpages this page might have'']]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Ends the tlxs|prod demonstration--&gt;

Note that the deadline for improving the page is 90 days after the template was inserted. This gives editors time to improve the page or defend its virtues.  

'''IMPORTANT:''' The proper venue for all discussions is the [[Help:Talk page|talk page]] of the article under consideration.

===Deletion request===
* Uses &lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;

Use '''Deletion request''' if you think a developed page should be deleted or if the topic is complicated in some way. Begin by placing '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;''' at the top of the page to create:
{{ambox
|image = [[File:User-trash.svg|50x50px|link=]]
|text='''Please [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion#{{FULLPAGENAME}}|share your thoughts]] about whether to [[Wikiversity:Deletions|keep this resource or not]]'''. Resources are likely to remain at Wikiversity when you [[Wikiversity:Be bold|boldly]] address reasonable concerns through concrete improvements. We encourage you to give resources a chance to receive fair reviews and concrete improvements by keeping nomination notices intact.}}
{{center|[[Special:PrefixIndex/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|''Link to any subpages this page might have'']]}}
{{Shortcut|Deletion request|Dr|DR|Rfd|RfD}} 

Click the words [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion|'''share your thoughts''']] in the box. This will lead to a page called [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]]. Follow the instructions for starting a discussion. Explain why you think the page should be deleted. Be prepared to engage in discussion about the page's value. At some point the discussion will be closed. Sometimes the decision may be to place the article in [[Wikiversity:Drafts|draft space]] or on a subpage of their [[Help:User page|user page]].
*{{spaces|2}}''See also [[w:Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_democracy|Wikipedia is not a democracy]]''

===Pagemove announcement===
*Uses &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{subst:Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
The advantage of moving material into the user or draft namespace is that less time is spent discussing and more time cleaning up. Wikiversity has a limited staff of volunteers, and the quicker decisions are made, the more that can be done. Too many obscure pages in mainspace gives others a bad impression of Wikiversity. On the other hand, people should be encouraged to write on Wikiversity about all sorts of topics. The goal is to separate materials recommend for teachers, learners, and researchers from the discovery and exploration done by Wikiversity users.
&lt;!-- No link or evidence for this: A procedure and guidelines for moving mainspace resources into user and draft space is under construction. --&gt;

'''&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{subst:Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;''' is used to communicate with all the page's main authors' talk pages and looks like this:
{{Robelbox|theme=8|title=Removal of a project from mainspace|width=100%}}
To ''Somebody's username'':

The project '''&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Some page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' has been moved to '''&lt;nowiki&gt;[[User:Somebody's username/Some page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''  

A tentative decision has been made to remove this project from [[Wikiversity:namespaces|mainspace]]. If this move is not under discussion at '''[[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]]''', you may make a request regarding this project at '''[[Wikiversity:Request custodian action]]'''. 

Yours truly, --[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 06:07, 20 December 2022 (UTC)
{{Robelbox/close}}

== See also ==
* [[MediaWiki:Deletereason-dropdown]] - List of common deletion reasons displayed in the deletion interface
* [[:Category:Candidates for speedy deletion]] - List of current resources suggested for [[#Speedy|speedy deletion]]
* [[:Category:Proposed deletions]] - List of current resources [[#Proposed|proposed]] for deletion
* [[:Category:Requests for Deletion]] - List of resources with active deletion [[#Discussion|discussions]]

{{Official policies}}
{{Proposed policies}}
&lt;!-- {{subpagesif}} There are currently no subpages --&gt;

[[Category:Wikiversity deletion]]</text>
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{{nutshell|what=Guideline|While deletion is sometimes permissible when a good reason is given, resources can often blossom when participants are taught good wiki practices and how to implement concrete improvements. These templates are recommended for use by those involved with page deletions:
* '''Speedy delete''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for pages you authored, as well as for pages that clearly don't belong in [[Help:Namespaces|mainspace]]
* '''Proposed deletions''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|prod}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for pages that perhaps should be deleted (or moved to draft or user space) unless they are improved
* '''Deletion requests''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for large projects and difficult decisions
* '''Move to draft or user space''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for research and student efforts (templates and policy guidelines under construction)

'''Don't worry about selecting the &quot;correct&quot; template''', as more than one template may be appropriate. It is more important to provide assistance by flagging resources that you think shouldn't be on Wikiversity.}}

This '''deletion guideline''' explains when and why [[Wikiversity:Support staff|support staff]] may delete and restore resources or specific revisions of a resource. The [[Special:Log/delete|deletion log]] allows anyone to track deletions and restorations at Wikiversity. Deletion removes access while keeping resources and their development histories intact. Access can be restored through undeletion. Deletions and undeletions are discussed at [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]].

== Types of deletion ==
=== Speedy ===
Resources may be subject to '''speedy deletion''' when a good reason is given by adding {{tlx|delete|''your good reason''}}. You may [[#Discussion|request community feedback]], or object with or without explanation by removing the speedy deletion suggestion from the resource. Resources may not be subject to speedy deletion when a reasonable objection is made or is likely because participants may be able to learn how to implement concrete improvements when taught appropriate practices.

====Criteria for speedy deletion====
{{shortcut|WV:CSD|WV:DB|WV:SD|WV:SPEEDY}}
A non-exhaustive list of possible reasons [[Wikiversity:Support staff|support staff]] may speedy delete resources include:

;Common reasons
# '''Test page''' to practice use of the wiki software outside user space.  Experiment in the [[Wikiversity:Sandbox]]. Consider [[Wikiversity:Welcome templates|Welcoming the user]].
#'''[[Wikiversity:Vandalism|Vandalism]]''' and user pages for vandalism-only accounts.
#'''Solicitation''' for products, services, companies, events, people, or other things with no educational merit or which generate direct financial benefit to the contributor.
#'''Spam''' consisting of bulk automated creations, cross-wiki cross-posting, or repetitive external links with no educational value
#'''Repost''' with no concrete improvements to merit keeping. User should [[WV:RFD|request undeletion]] instead.
#'''Author request''' by an only contributor or only substantial contributor, or arising from an expressed consensus of contributors.
#'''Empty category''' with no notice suggesting the category may be occasionally empty.
#'''Copyrighted work''' which does not satisfy [[Foundation:Terms of use|Wikimedia's Terms of Use]].
#'''Orphaned, broken, or unused redirect''' with no educational histories, no links, and either no appropriate targets or not likely to be searched for.
#'''No [[WV:WIW|educational objectives]]''' or discussion in history. [[Wikiversity:Welcome templates|Welcome users]] and resources when likely to be expanded shortly.
#'''No [[Wikiversity:Research|research objectives]]''' or discussion in history. [[Wikiversity:Welcome templates|Welcome users]] and resources when likely to be expanded shortly.

;Less common reasons
# '''Abandoned resource'''
# '''Per [[WV:PROD|proposed deletion]]'''
# '''Per [[Wikiversity:Deletions#Discussion|request for deletion]]'''
# '''Basic maintenance''' such as repairing cut-and-paste moves, and moving resources over a redirect.
# '''Discussion''' about deleted resource where context is lost and becoming an independent resource is unlikely
# '''Resource [[m:transwiki|moved]]''' to another project due to [[Wikiversity:Scope|scope]], or file uploaded to [[commons:|Wikimedia Commons]] with history intact and links fixed.
#'''Unused file''' lacking either a license or a source may be deleted one week after uploader is notified.
#'''Ethical breach''' where a resource standing undeleted may cause harm
# '''Not English'''. See https://www.wikiversity.org to find where contributions may be appreciated
# '''History merge'''
# '''Deletion test'''

=== {{anchor|Proposed deletion}}Proposed deletion (prod)===
{{shortcut|WV:PROD|WV:PRD|WV:PD}}
Resources may be eligible for proposed deletion when education objectives and learning outcomes are scarce, and objections to deletion are unlikely. You may add {{tlxs|prod}} to the top of resources to propose deletion. Support staff may examine the resource after 90 days, and either delete the resource or remove the proposal. Anyone may object by removing the proposed deletion template from the resource, with or without an explanation on the resource's discussion page. Anyone still considering that the resource should be deleted may [[#Discussion|discuss deletion]].

== {{anchor|Deletion discussions|Discussion}}How to discuss ==
You should [[WV:AGF|ask questions and discuss concerns]] with participants, make an effort to [[Wikiversity:Be bold|resolve problems yourself]], and try [[#Alternatives to deletion|alternatives]] as appropriate before suggesting deletion for resources with substantial development histories and contributions from multiple participants. You may ask for guidance and advice, explain what you have done or will do, and discuss options at [[Wikiversity:Requests for deletion]]. Resources are generally kept when a community [[Wikiversity:Consensus|decision]] is inconclusive. Add {{tl|rfd}} to the top of resources to draw attention to the discussion. As a courtesy, you may also notify any participants directly.

Be concise and specific when suggesting solutions, because the preferred outcome is one participants can learn from to implement concrete improvements. On occasion, deletion might be permissible when productivity from a fresh start is likely and concerns relate to Wikiversity's [[Wikiversity:Mission|mission]], [[Wikiversity:Scope|scope]], [[Wikiversity:Process|process]], or [[Wikiversity:Policies|policy]] in some way. If you can raise concerns not addressed by a previous discussion, you may begin a new discussion at [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion|Requests for Deletion]]. Reasonable requests for resources to be restored during discussion are honored, where possible. Please only participate if you are willing to keep an open mind and make an effort to improve resources.

==Alternatives to deletion==
{{shortcut|ATD|WV:ATD}}
Participants can often implement concrete improvements and develop resources further when taught appropriate practices. Possible alternatives to deletion include:

{| style=&quot;border:5px solid #cccccc; border-collapse:separate; border-spacing:1em 1em;&quot;
 |-
 ! What
 ! Solution
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Broken redirects
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Redirect to another appropriate target
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | In a foreign language
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Translate to English, move to target language Wikiversity, or move to [[BetaWikiversity:|Beta Wikiversity]] if there is no Wikiversity in that language 
 |-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Outside learning project's scope
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Merge with another learning project or use to start a new learning project
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Missing or incomplete license information
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Assist user in supplying information, supply it if possible
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Outside of Wikiversity's [[WV:scope|scope]]
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Move to another Wikimedia project or website as appropriate. Some resources may be appropriate in userspace, like personal essays
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Insufficient or unclear
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | If the potential educational value of resources is insufficient or unclear, consider moving to draft or user space 
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Too big or small
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Split big resources into smaller resources or reorganize into subpages. Merge small resources or redirect to a bigger resource.
 |}

Anyone may [[Wikiversity:Be bold|boldly]] implement concrete improvements that reasonably encourages collaborative education, or discuss alternative solutions on a resource's discussion page.

==Deletion templates==
To remove resources from mainspace that cannot be directly used by teachers and instructors use the following templates:
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt; for ''speedy deletion''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|prod}}&lt;/code&gt; for a ''proposed deletion'' 
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt; for a ''deletion request''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|pagemove announcement}}&lt;/code&gt; informs editors that the page (and any subpages) are likely to be moved to either draftspace or userspace.  Wikiversity is a complex interaction between instructor teaching materials, student efforts, and even research. Mainspace should focus on teaching, learning, and research resources.
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|draftify}}&lt;/code&gt; for ''proposed moving to the Draft: namespace''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|draft archive}}&lt;/code&gt; for proposal for '' moving under Draft:Archive/ '' (proposal is under construction)

===Speedy deletion===
*Use &lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{delete|(with optional explanation)}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
Use '''Speedy deletion''' for uncontroversial deletions.  Placing '''&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{delete|&lt;suggested reasons go here ...&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;''' at the top of a page creates this banner:
&lt;!-- THIS TEXT WAS CREATED BY CALLING THE TEMPLATE WITH tlxs--&gt;
{{ambox
|type=speedy
|text=This {{lc:{{NAMESPACE}}}} page may qualify for [[Wikiversity:Deletions|speedy deletion]] because: &lt;suggested reasons go here...&gt;&lt;br/&gt;{{#ifeq:{{{self}}}
|yes
|If you disagree, please remove this notice.&lt;br /&gt;
|If you disagree or intend to fix it, and '''you have not contributed to it before''', you may remove this notice. If you have contributed before and disagree, please explain why on {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}
 |{{TALKSPACE}}
 |this discussion page
 |[[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|the discussion page]]
}}, after adding &lt;span style=&quot;font-family:'Lucida Console', monospace&quot;&gt;{{Tl|hangon}}&lt;/span&gt; to the top of the {{lc:{{NAMESPACE}}}}. This will alert [[Wikiversity:Support staff|support staff]] to your intention, and may permit you the time to write your explanation.  Try to make your explanation more eloquent and less hysterical than the example shown above.
}}

&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;''Before [{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|action=delete}} deleting] check the [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|discussion page]], [[Special:Whatlinkshere/{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|what links here]], [{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|action=history}} history] ([{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|diff=0}} last edit]), the [{{fullurl:Special:Log|page={{SUBJECTPAGENAMEE}}}} page log], and [[Wikiversity:Deletions]]. ''&lt;/span&gt;
}}
&lt;!--Must delete this: [[Category:Candidates for speedy deletion|{{PAGENAME}}]]--&gt;
&lt;!-- Ends the delete demonstration--&gt;

The most common use of ''speedy deletion'' is for pages written by a single author and which include copyright violations, pseudoscientific claims, inappropriate language, advertisements, or slander or other efforts to harass living persons. 

Anything that potentially causes harm should be immediately deleted, and ''speedy deletion'' is the fastest way to nominate a page for removal. But a ''speedy deletion'' is also the most time-consuming to revert (if the resource actually gets deleted). A good rule of thumb is never to speedy delete a resource that might be [[wikt:salvable|salvable]] or has had active edits in the past three years. Also, hesitate before you ''speedy delete'' a project or a large number of subpages, as reverting such deletions can be extremely time-consuming.

===Proposed deletion===
*Uses &lt;code&gt;{{tlxs|prod}}&lt;/code&gt;

'''Proposed deletion''' (or &quot;prod&quot;) is for pages that may or may not belong in mainspace. It allows editors to debate possible deletion on the talk page and ponder other options such as moving to the user or draft namespace. ''Prod'' draws attention and can result in an effort to improve the resource. ''Prod'' places the discussion about whether to delete on the talk page. ''Prod's'' greatest disadvantage is it causes projects to remain in mainspace until the question is resolved. A simple remedy for this is to move the project into user or draft space until an outcome has been decided. Support staff can move a resource with up to 100 subpages.&lt;ref&gt;Moving a resource with 300 subpages takes about three times as long as moving one with 100 subpages, with the added feature that the moved resources are now required to have 3 top pages (with 100 subpages each)&lt;/ref&gt; To understand how ''prod'' works, suppose that on January 1, 2000 you placed '''{{tlxs|prod}}''' at the top of a page to create this banner:

&lt;!-- THIS TEXT WAS CREATED BY CALLING THE TEMPLATE WITH tlxs--&gt;
{{Ombox
| type  = delete
| image = [[File:Orologio rosso.svg|45x45px|center|No license|link=]]
| text  = Please [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=edit}} help improve] the [[WV:WIW|educational quality]] of this resource to increase [[Wikiversity:Learning|engagement]] by [[Wikiversity:Who are Wikiversity participants?|participants]]. Any concrete improvements made by '''{{#time:F j, Y|January 1, 2000 +90 days}}''' may allow it to be [[WV:PROD|kept]]. &lt;br&gt;
You may remove &lt;nowiki&gt;{{proposed deletion}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; from this resource's source text to contest this proposal, with or without [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|discussion]].
}}

&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;{{#if:  | {{{style}}};}}&quot;&gt;[[Special:PrefixIndex/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|''Link to any subpages this page might have'']]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Ends the tlxs|prod demonstration--&gt;

Note that the deadline for improving the page is 90 days after the template was inserted. This gives editors time to improve the page or defend its virtues.  

'''IMPORTANT:''' The proper venue for all discussions is the [[Help:Talk page|talk page]] of the article under consideration.

===Deletion request===
* Uses &lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;

Use '''Deletion request''' if you think a developed page should be deleted or if the topic is complicated in some way. Begin by placing '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;''' at the top of the page to create:
{{ambox
|image = [[File:User-trash.svg|50x50px|link=]]
|text='''Please [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion#{{FULLPAGENAME}}|share your thoughts]] about whether to [[Wikiversity:Deletions|keep this resource or not]]'''. Resources are likely to remain at Wikiversity when you [[Wikiversity:Be bold|boldly]] address reasonable concerns through concrete improvements. We encourage you to give resources a chance to receive fair reviews and concrete improvements by keeping nomination notices intact.}}
{{center|[[Special:PrefixIndex/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|''Link to any subpages this page might have'']]}}
{{Shortcut|Deletion request|Dr|DR|Rfd|RfD}} 

Click the words [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion|'''share your thoughts''']] in the box. This will lead to a page called [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]]. Follow the instructions for starting a discussion. Explain why you think the page should be deleted. Be prepared to engage in discussion about the page's value. At some point the discussion will be closed. Sometimes the decision may be to place the article in [[Wikiversity:Drafts|draft space]] or on a subpage of their [[Help:User page|user page]].
*{{spaces|2}}''See also [[w:Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_democracy|Wikipedia is not a democracy]]''

===Pagemove announcement===
*Uses &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{subst:Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
The advantage of moving material into the user or draft namespace is that less time is spent discussing and more time cleaning up. Wikiversity has a limited staff of volunteers, and the quicker decisions are made, the more that can be done. Too many obscure pages in mainspace gives others a bad impression of Wikiversity. On the other hand, people should be encouraged to write on Wikiversity about all sorts of topics. The goal is to separate materials recommend for teachers, learners, and researchers from the discovery and exploration done by Wikiversity users.
&lt;!-- No link or evidence for this: A procedure and guidelines for moving mainspace resources into user and draft space is under construction. --&gt;

'''&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{subst:Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;''' is used to communicate with all the page's main authors' talk pages and looks like this:
{{Robelbox|theme=8|title=Removal of a project from mainspace|width=100%}}
To ''Somebody's username'':

The project '''&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Some page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' has been moved to '''&lt;nowiki&gt;[[User:Somebody's username/Some page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''  

A tentative decision has been made to remove this project from [[Wikiversity:namespaces|mainspace]]. If this move is not under discussion at '''[[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]]''', you may make a request regarding this project at '''[[Wikiversity:Request custodian action]]'''. 

Yours truly, --[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 06:07, 20 December 2022 (UTC)
{{Robelbox/close}}

== See also ==
* [[MediaWiki:Deletereason-dropdown]] - List of common deletion reasons displayed in the deletion interface
* [[:Category:Candidates for speedy deletion]] - List of current resources suggested for [[#Speedy|speedy deletion]]
* [[:Category:Proposed deletions]] - List of current resources [[#Proposed|proposed]] for deletion
* [[:Category:Requests for Deletion]] - List of resources with active deletion [[#Discussion|discussions]]

{{Official policies}}
{{Proposed policies}}
&lt;!-- {{subpagesif}} There are currently no subpages --&gt;

[[Category:Wikiversity deletion]]</text>
      <sha1>dcm5hcdbvvont0j53035s4xro9pzo6c</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2810004</id>
      <parentid>2810001</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T01:10:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>2810004</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="18193" sha1="16jarztveltu74bx7tx8ejg16u5tqyj" xml:space="preserve">{{proposed|WV:D|WV:DEL|WV:DELETE}}
{{nutshell|While deletion is sometimes permissible when a good reason is given, resources can often blossom when participants are taught good wiki practices and how to implement concrete improvements. These templates are recommended for use by those involved with page deletions:
* '''Speedy delete''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for pages you authored, as well as for pages that clearly don't belong in [[Help:Namespaces|mainspace]]
* '''Proposed deletions''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|prod}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for pages that perhaps should be deleted (or moved to draft or user space) unless they are improved
* '''Deletion requests''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for large projects and difficult decisions
* '''Move to draft or user space''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for research and student efforts (templates and policy guidelines under construction)

'''Don't worry about selecting the &quot;correct&quot; template''', as more than one template may be appropriate. It is more important to provide assistance by flagging resources that you think shouldn't be on Wikiversity.}}

This '''deletion guideline''' explains when and why [[Wikiversity:Support staff|support staff]] may delete and restore resources or specific revisions of a resource. The [[Special:Log/delete|deletion log]] allows anyone to track deletions and restorations at Wikiversity. Deletion removes access while keeping resources and their development histories intact. Access can be restored through undeletion. Deletions and undeletions are discussed at [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]].

== Types of deletion ==
=== Speedy ===
Resources may be subject to '''speedy deletion''' when a good reason is given by adding {{tlx|delete|''your good reason''}}. You may [[#Discussion|request community feedback]], or object with or without explanation by removing the speedy deletion suggestion from the resource. Resources may not be subject to speedy deletion when a reasonable objection is made or is likely because participants may be able to learn how to implement concrete improvements when taught appropriate practices.

====Criteria for speedy deletion====
{{shortcut|WV:CSD|WV:DB|WV:SD|WV:SPEEDY}}
A non-exhaustive list of possible reasons [[Wikiversity:Support staff|support staff]] may speedy delete resources include:

;Common reasons
# '''Test page''' to practice use of the wiki software outside user space.  Experiment in the [[Wikiversity:Sandbox]]. Consider [[Wikiversity:Welcome templates|Welcoming the user]].
#'''[[Wikiversity:Vandalism|Vandalism]]''' and user pages for vandalism-only accounts.
#'''Solicitation''' for products, services, companies, events, people, or other things with no educational merit or which generate direct financial benefit to the contributor.
#'''Spam''' consisting of bulk automated creations, cross-wiki cross-posting, or repetitive external links with no educational value
#'''Repost''' with no concrete improvements to merit keeping. User should [[WV:RFD|request undeletion]] instead.
#'''Author request''' by an only contributor or only substantial contributor, or arising from an expressed consensus of contributors.
#'''Empty category''' with no notice suggesting the category may be occasionally empty.
#'''Copyrighted work''' which does not satisfy [[Foundation:Terms of use|Wikimedia's Terms of Use]].
#'''Orphaned, broken, or unused redirect''' with no educational histories, no links, and either no appropriate targets or not likely to be searched for.
#'''No [[WV:WIW|educational objectives]]''' or discussion in history. [[Wikiversity:Welcome templates|Welcome users]] and resources when likely to be expanded shortly.
#'''No [[Wikiversity:Research|research objectives]]''' or discussion in history. [[Wikiversity:Welcome templates|Welcome users]] and resources when likely to be expanded shortly.

;Less common reasons
# '''Abandoned resource'''
# '''Per [[WV:PROD|proposed deletion]]'''
# '''Per [[Wikiversity:Deletions#Discussion|request for deletion]]'''
# '''Basic maintenance''' such as repairing cut-and-paste moves, and moving resources over a redirect.
# '''Discussion''' about deleted resource where context is lost and becoming an independent resource is unlikely
# '''Resource [[m:transwiki|moved]]''' to another project due to [[Wikiversity:Scope|scope]], or file uploaded to [[commons:|Wikimedia Commons]] with history intact and links fixed.
#'''Unused file''' lacking either a license or a source may be deleted one week after uploader is notified.
#'''Ethical breach''' where a resource standing undeleted may cause harm
# '''Not English'''. See https://www.wikiversity.org to find where contributions may be appreciated
# '''History merge'''
# '''Deletion test'''

=== {{anchor|Proposed deletion}}Proposed deletion (prod)===
{{shortcut|WV:PROD|WV:PRD|WV:PD}}
Resources may be eligible for proposed deletion when education objectives and learning outcomes are scarce, and objections to deletion are unlikely. You may add {{tlxs|prod}} to the top of resources to propose deletion. Support staff may examine the resource after 90 days, and either delete the resource or remove the proposal. Anyone may object by removing the proposed deletion template from the resource, with or without an explanation on the resource's discussion page. Anyone still considering that the resource should be deleted may [[#Discussion|discuss deletion]].

== {{anchor|Deletion discussions|Discussion}}How to discuss ==
You should [[WV:AGF|ask questions and discuss concerns]] with participants, make an effort to [[Wikiversity:Be bold|resolve problems yourself]], and try [[#Alternatives to deletion|alternatives]] as appropriate before suggesting deletion for resources with substantial development histories and contributions from multiple participants. You may ask for guidance and advice, explain what you have done or will do, and discuss options at [[Wikiversity:Requests for deletion]]. Resources are generally kept when a community [[Wikiversity:Consensus|decision]] is inconclusive. Add {{tl|rfd}} to the top of resources to draw attention to the discussion. As a courtesy, you may also notify any participants directly.

Be concise and specific when suggesting solutions, because the preferred outcome is one participants can learn from to implement concrete improvements. On occasion, deletion might be permissible when productivity from a fresh start is likely and concerns relate to Wikiversity's [[Wikiversity:Mission|mission]], [[Wikiversity:Scope|scope]], [[Wikiversity:Process|process]], or [[Wikiversity:Policies|policy]] in some way. If you can raise concerns not addressed by a previous discussion, you may begin a new discussion at [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion|Requests for Deletion]]. Reasonable requests for resources to be restored during discussion are honored, where possible. Please only participate if you are willing to keep an open mind and make an effort to improve resources.

==Alternatives to deletion==
{{shortcut|ATD|WV:ATD}}
Participants can often implement concrete improvements and develop resources further when taught appropriate practices. Possible alternatives to deletion include:

{| style=&quot;border:5px solid #cccccc; border-collapse:separate; border-spacing:1em 1em;&quot;
 |-
 ! What
 ! Solution
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Broken redirects
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Redirect to another appropriate target
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | In a foreign language
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Translate to English, move to target language Wikiversity, or move to [[BetaWikiversity:|Beta Wikiversity]] if there is no Wikiversity in that language 
 |-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Outside learning project's scope
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Merge with another learning project or use to start a new learning project
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Missing or incomplete license information
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Assist user in supplying information, supply it if possible
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Outside of Wikiversity's [[WV:scope|scope]]
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Move to another Wikimedia project or website as appropriate. Some resources may be appropriate in userspace, like personal essays
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Insufficient or unclear
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | If the potential educational value of resources is insufficient or unclear, consider moving to draft or user space 
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Too big or small
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Split big resources into smaller resources or reorganize into subpages. Merge small resources or redirect to a bigger resource.
 |}

Anyone may [[Wikiversity:Be bold|boldly]] implement concrete improvements that reasonably encourages collaborative education, or discuss alternative solutions on a resource's discussion page.

==Deletion templates==
To remove resources from mainspace that cannot be directly used by teachers and instructors use the following templates:
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt; for ''speedy deletion''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|prod}}&lt;/code&gt; for a ''proposed deletion'' 
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt; for a ''deletion request''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|pagemove announcement}}&lt;/code&gt; informs editors that the page (and any subpages) are likely to be moved to either draftspace or userspace.  Wikiversity is a complex interaction between instructor teaching materials, student efforts, and even research. Mainspace should focus on teaching, learning, and research resources.
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|draftify}}&lt;/code&gt; for ''proposed moving to the Draft: namespace''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|draft archive}}&lt;/code&gt; for proposal for '' moving under Draft:Archive/ '' (proposal is under construction)

===Speedy deletion===
*Use &lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{delete|(with optional explanation)}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
Use '''Speedy deletion''' for uncontroversial deletions.  Placing '''&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{delete|&lt;suggested reasons go here ...&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;''' at the top of a page creates this banner:
&lt;!-- THIS TEXT WAS CREATED BY CALLING THE TEMPLATE WITH tlxs--&gt;
{{ambox
|type=speedy
|text=This {{lc:{{NAMESPACE}}}} page may qualify for [[Wikiversity:Deletions|speedy deletion]] because: &lt;suggested reasons go here...&gt;&lt;br/&gt;{{#ifeq:{{{self}}}
|yes
|If you disagree, please remove this notice.&lt;br /&gt;
|If you disagree or intend to fix it, and '''you have not contributed to it before''', you may remove this notice. If you have contributed before and disagree, please explain why on {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}
 |{{TALKSPACE}}
 |this discussion page
 |[[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|the discussion page]]
}}, after adding &lt;span style=&quot;font-family:'Lucida Console', monospace&quot;&gt;{{Tl|hangon}}&lt;/span&gt; to the top of the {{lc:{{NAMESPACE}}}}. This will alert [[Wikiversity:Support staff|support staff]] to your intention, and may permit you the time to write your explanation.  Try to make your explanation more eloquent and less hysterical than the example shown above.
}}

&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;''Before [{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|action=delete}} deleting] check the [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|discussion page]], [[Special:Whatlinkshere/{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|what links here]], [{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|action=history}} history] ([{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|diff=0}} last edit]), the [{{fullurl:Special:Log|page={{SUBJECTPAGENAMEE}}}} page log], and [[Wikiversity:Deletions]]. ''&lt;/span&gt;
}}
&lt;!--Must delete this: [[Category:Candidates for speedy deletion|{{PAGENAME}}]]--&gt;
&lt;!-- Ends the delete demonstration--&gt;

The most common use of ''speedy deletion'' is for pages written by a single author and which include copyright violations, pseudoscientific claims, inappropriate language, advertisements, or slander or other efforts to harass living persons. 

Anything that potentially causes harm should be immediately deleted, and ''speedy deletion'' is the fastest way to nominate a page for removal. But a ''speedy deletion'' is also the most time-consuming to revert (if the resource actually gets deleted). A good rule of thumb is never to speedy delete a resource that might be [[wikt:salvable|salvable]] or has had active edits in the past three years. Also, hesitate before you ''speedy delete'' a project or a large number of subpages, as reverting such deletions can be extremely time-consuming.

===Proposed deletion===
*Uses &lt;code&gt;{{tlxs|prod}}&lt;/code&gt;

'''Proposed deletion''' (or &quot;prod&quot;) is for pages that may or may not belong in mainspace. It allows editors to debate possible deletion on the talk page and ponder other options such as moving to the user or draft namespace. ''Prod'' draws attention and can result in an effort to improve the resource. ''Prod'' places the discussion about whether to delete on the talk page. ''Prod's'' greatest disadvantage is it causes projects to remain in mainspace until the question is resolved. A simple remedy for this is to move the project into user or draft space until an outcome has been decided. Support staff can move a resource with up to 100 subpages.&lt;ref&gt;Moving a resource with 300 subpages takes about three times as long as moving one with 100 subpages, with the added feature that the moved resources are now required to have 3 top pages (with 100 subpages each)&lt;/ref&gt; To understand how ''prod'' works, suppose that on January 1, 2000 you placed '''{{tlxs|prod}}''' at the top of a page to create this banner:

&lt;!-- THIS TEXT WAS CREATED BY CALLING THE TEMPLATE WITH tlxs--&gt;
{{Ombox
| type  = delete
| image = [[File:Orologio rosso.svg|45x45px|center|No license|link=]]
| text  = Please [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=edit}} help improve] the [[WV:WIW|educational quality]] of this resource to increase [[Wikiversity:Learning|engagement]] by [[Wikiversity:Who are Wikiversity participants?|participants]]. Any concrete improvements made by '''{{#time:F j, Y|January 1, 2000 +90 days}}''' may allow it to be [[WV:PROD|kept]]. &lt;br&gt;
You may remove &lt;nowiki&gt;{{proposed deletion}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; from this resource's source text to contest this proposal, with or without [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|discussion]].
}}

&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;{{#if:  | {{{style}}};}}&quot;&gt;[[Special:PrefixIndex/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|''Link to any subpages this page might have'']]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Ends the tlxs|prod demonstration--&gt;

Note that the deadline for improving the page is 90 days after the template was inserted. This gives editors time to improve the page or defend its virtues.  

'''IMPORTANT:''' The proper venue for all discussions is the [[Help:Talk page|talk page]] of the article under consideration.

===Deletion request===
* Uses &lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;

Use '''Deletion request''' if you think a developed page should be deleted or if the topic is complicated in some way. Begin by placing '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;''' at the top of the page to create:
{{ambox
|image = [[File:User-trash.svg|50x50px|link=]]
|text='''Please [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion#{{FULLPAGENAME}}|share your thoughts]] about whether to [[Wikiversity:Deletions|keep this resource or not]]'''. Resources are likely to remain at Wikiversity when you [[Wikiversity:Be bold|boldly]] address reasonable concerns through concrete improvements. We encourage you to give resources a chance to receive fair reviews and concrete improvements by keeping nomination notices intact.}}
{{center|[[Special:PrefixIndex/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|''Link to any subpages this page might have'']]}}
{{Shortcut|Deletion request|Dr|DR|Rfd|RfD}} 

Click the words [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion|'''share your thoughts''']] in the box. This will lead to a page called [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]]. Follow the instructions for starting a discussion. Explain why you think the page should be deleted. Be prepared to engage in discussion about the page's value. At some point the discussion will be closed. Sometimes the decision may be to place the article in [[Wikiversity:Drafts|draft space]] or on a subpage of their [[Help:User page|user page]].
*{{spaces|2}}''See also [[w:Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_democracy|Wikipedia is not a democracy]]''

===Pagemove announcement===
*Uses &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{subst:Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
The advantage of moving material into the user or draft namespace is that less time is spent discussing and more time cleaning up. Wikiversity has a limited staff of volunteers, and the quicker decisions are made, the more that can be done. Too many obscure pages in mainspace gives others a bad impression of Wikiversity. On the other hand, people should be encouraged to write on Wikiversity about all sorts of topics. The goal is to separate materials recommend for teachers, learners, and researchers from the discovery and exploration done by Wikiversity users.
&lt;!-- No link or evidence for this: A procedure and guidelines for moving mainspace resources into user and draft space is under construction. --&gt;

'''&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{subst:Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;''' is used to communicate with all the page's main authors' talk pages and looks like this:
{{Robelbox|theme=8|title=Removal of a project from mainspace|width=100%}}
To ''Somebody's username'':

The project '''&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Some page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' has been moved to '''&lt;nowiki&gt;[[User:Somebody's username/Some page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''  

A tentative decision has been made to remove this project from [[Wikiversity:namespaces|mainspace]]. If this move is not under discussion at '''[[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]]''', you may make a request regarding this project at '''[[Wikiversity:Request custodian action]]'''. 

Yours truly, --[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 06:07, 20 December 2022 (UTC)
{{Robelbox/close}}

== See also ==
* [[MediaWiki:Deletereason-dropdown]] - List of common deletion reasons displayed in the deletion interface
* [[:Category:Candidates for speedy deletion]] - List of current resources suggested for [[#Speedy|speedy deletion]]
* [[:Category:Proposed deletions]] - List of current resources [[#Proposed|proposed]] for deletion
* [[:Category:Requests for Deletion]] - List of resources with active deletion [[#Discussion|discussions]]

{{Official policies}}
{{Proposed policies}}
&lt;!-- {{subpagesif}} There are currently no subpages --&gt;

[[Category:Wikiversity deletion]]</text>
      <sha1>16jarztveltu74bx7tx8ejg16u5tqyj</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2810005</id>
      <parentid>2810004</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T01:17:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Criteria for speedy deletion */ #'''Empty page''' which has been blanked or content not developed</comment>
      <origin>2810005</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="18259" sha1="trc9py7o8aayyzmn357z80xsnwsageo" xml:space="preserve">{{proposed|WV:D|WV:DEL|WV:DELETE}}
{{nutshell|While deletion is sometimes permissible when a good reason is given, resources can often blossom when participants are taught good wiki practices and how to implement concrete improvements. These templates are recommended for use by those involved with page deletions:
* '''Speedy delete''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for pages you authored, as well as for pages that clearly don't belong in [[Help:Namespaces|mainspace]]
* '''Proposed deletions''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|prod}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for pages that perhaps should be deleted (or moved to draft or user space) unless they are improved
* '''Deletion requests''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for large projects and difficult decisions
* '''Move to draft or user space''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for research and student efforts (templates and policy guidelines under construction)

'''Don't worry about selecting the &quot;correct&quot; template''', as more than one template may be appropriate. It is more important to provide assistance by flagging resources that you think shouldn't be on Wikiversity.}}

This '''deletion guideline''' explains when and why [[Wikiversity:Support staff|support staff]] may delete and restore resources or specific revisions of a resource. The [[Special:Log/delete|deletion log]] allows anyone to track deletions and restorations at Wikiversity. Deletion removes access while keeping resources and their development histories intact. Access can be restored through undeletion. Deletions and undeletions are discussed at [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]].

== Types of deletion ==
=== Speedy ===
Resources may be subject to '''speedy deletion''' when a good reason is given by adding {{tlx|delete|''your good reason''}}. You may [[#Discussion|request community feedback]], or object with or without explanation by removing the speedy deletion suggestion from the resource. Resources may not be subject to speedy deletion when a reasonable objection is made or is likely because participants may be able to learn how to implement concrete improvements when taught appropriate practices.

====Criteria for speedy deletion====
{{shortcut|WV:CSD|WV:DB|WV:SD|WV:SPEEDY}}
A non-exhaustive list of possible reasons [[Wikiversity:Support staff|support staff]] may speedy delete resources include:

;Common reasons
# '''Test page''' to practice use of the wiki software outside user space.  Experiment in the [[Wikiversity:Sandbox]]. Consider [[Wikiversity:Welcome templates|Welcoming the user]].
#'''[[Wikiversity:Vandalism|Vandalism]]''' and user pages for vandalism-only accounts.
#'''Solicitation''' for products, services, companies, events, people, or other things with no educational merit or which generate direct financial benefit to the contributor.
#'''Spam''' consisting of bulk automated creations, cross-wiki cross-posting, or repetitive external links with no educational value
#'''Repost''' with no concrete improvements to merit keeping. User should [[WV:RFD|request undeletion]] instead.
#'''Author request''' by an only contributor or only substantial contributor, or arising from an expressed consensus of contributors.
#'''Empty page''' which has been blanked or content not developed
#'''Empty category''' with no notice suggesting the category may be occasionally empty.
#'''Copyrighted work''' which does not satisfy [[Foundation:Terms of use|Wikimedia's Terms of Use]].
#'''Orphaned, broken, or unused redirect''' with no educational histories, no links, and either no appropriate targets or not likely to be searched for.
#'''No [[WV:WIW|educational objectives]]''' or discussion in history. [[Wikiversity:Welcome templates|Welcome users]] and resources when likely to be expanded shortly.
#'''No [[Wikiversity:Research|research objectives]]''' or discussion in history. [[Wikiversity:Welcome templates|Welcome users]] and resources when likely to be expanded shortly.

;Less common reasons
# '''Abandoned resource'''
# '''Per [[WV:PROD|proposed deletion]]'''
# '''Per [[Wikiversity:Deletions#Discussion|request for deletion]]'''
# '''Basic maintenance''' such as repairing cut-and-paste moves, and moving resources over a redirect.
# '''Discussion''' about deleted resource where context is lost and becoming an independent resource is unlikely
# '''Resource [[m:transwiki|moved]]''' to another project due to [[Wikiversity:Scope|scope]], or file uploaded to [[commons:|Wikimedia Commons]] with history intact and links fixed.
#'''Unused file''' lacking either a license or a source may be deleted one week after uploader is notified.
#'''Ethical breach''' where a resource standing undeleted may cause harm
# '''Not English'''. See https://www.wikiversity.org to find where contributions may be appreciated
# '''History merge'''
# '''Deletion test'''

=== {{anchor|Proposed deletion}}Proposed deletion (prod)===
{{shortcut|WV:PROD|WV:PRD|WV:PD}}
Resources may be eligible for proposed deletion when education objectives and learning outcomes are scarce, and objections to deletion are unlikely. You may add {{tlxs|prod}} to the top of resources to propose deletion. Support staff may examine the resource after 90 days, and either delete the resource or remove the proposal. Anyone may object by removing the proposed deletion template from the resource, with or without an explanation on the resource's discussion page. Anyone still considering that the resource should be deleted may [[#Discussion|discuss deletion]].

== {{anchor|Deletion discussions|Discussion}}How to discuss ==
You should [[WV:AGF|ask questions and discuss concerns]] with participants, make an effort to [[Wikiversity:Be bold|resolve problems yourself]], and try [[#Alternatives to deletion|alternatives]] as appropriate before suggesting deletion for resources with substantial development histories and contributions from multiple participants. You may ask for guidance and advice, explain what you have done or will do, and discuss options at [[Wikiversity:Requests for deletion]]. Resources are generally kept when a community [[Wikiversity:Consensus|decision]] is inconclusive. Add {{tl|rfd}} to the top of resources to draw attention to the discussion. As a courtesy, you may also notify any participants directly.

Be concise and specific when suggesting solutions, because the preferred outcome is one participants can learn from to implement concrete improvements. On occasion, deletion might be permissible when productivity from a fresh start is likely and concerns relate to Wikiversity's [[Wikiversity:Mission|mission]], [[Wikiversity:Scope|scope]], [[Wikiversity:Process|process]], or [[Wikiversity:Policies|policy]] in some way. If you can raise concerns not addressed by a previous discussion, you may begin a new discussion at [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion|Requests for Deletion]]. Reasonable requests for resources to be restored during discussion are honored, where possible. Please only participate if you are willing to keep an open mind and make an effort to improve resources.

==Alternatives to deletion==
{{shortcut|ATD|WV:ATD}}
Participants can often implement concrete improvements and develop resources further when taught appropriate practices. Possible alternatives to deletion include:

{| style=&quot;border:5px solid #cccccc; border-collapse:separate; border-spacing:1em 1em;&quot;
 |-
 ! What
 ! Solution
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Broken redirects
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Redirect to another appropriate target
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | In a foreign language
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Translate to English, move to target language Wikiversity, or move to [[BetaWikiversity:|Beta Wikiversity]] if there is no Wikiversity in that language 
 |-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Outside learning project's scope
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Merge with another learning project or use to start a new learning project
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Missing or incomplete license information
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Assist user in supplying information, supply it if possible
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Outside of Wikiversity's [[WV:scope|scope]]
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Move to another Wikimedia project or website as appropriate. Some resources may be appropriate in userspace, like personal essays
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Insufficient or unclear
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | If the potential educational value of resources is insufficient or unclear, consider moving to draft or user space 
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Too big or small
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Split big resources into smaller resources or reorganize into subpages. Merge small resources or redirect to a bigger resource.
 |}

Anyone may [[Wikiversity:Be bold|boldly]] implement concrete improvements that reasonably encourages collaborative education, or discuss alternative solutions on a resource's discussion page.

==Deletion templates==
To remove resources from mainspace that cannot be directly used by teachers and instructors use the following templates:
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt; for ''speedy deletion''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|prod}}&lt;/code&gt; for a ''proposed deletion'' 
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt; for a ''deletion request''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|pagemove announcement}}&lt;/code&gt; informs editors that the page (and any subpages) are likely to be moved to either draftspace or userspace.  Wikiversity is a complex interaction between instructor teaching materials, student efforts, and even research. Mainspace should focus on teaching, learning, and research resources.
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|draftify}}&lt;/code&gt; for ''proposed moving to the Draft: namespace''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|draft archive}}&lt;/code&gt; for proposal for '' moving under Draft:Archive/ '' (proposal is under construction)

===Speedy deletion===
*Use &lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{delete|(with optional explanation)}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
Use '''Speedy deletion''' for uncontroversial deletions.  Placing '''&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{delete|&lt;suggested reasons go here ...&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;''' at the top of a page creates this banner:
&lt;!-- THIS TEXT WAS CREATED BY CALLING THE TEMPLATE WITH tlxs--&gt;
{{ambox
|type=speedy
|text=This {{lc:{{NAMESPACE}}}} page may qualify for [[Wikiversity:Deletions|speedy deletion]] because: &lt;suggested reasons go here...&gt;&lt;br/&gt;{{#ifeq:{{{self}}}
|yes
|If you disagree, please remove this notice.&lt;br /&gt;
|If you disagree or intend to fix it, and '''you have not contributed to it before''', you may remove this notice. If you have contributed before and disagree, please explain why on {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}
 |{{TALKSPACE}}
 |this discussion page
 |[[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|the discussion page]]
}}, after adding &lt;span style=&quot;font-family:'Lucida Console', monospace&quot;&gt;{{Tl|hangon}}&lt;/span&gt; to the top of the {{lc:{{NAMESPACE}}}}. This will alert [[Wikiversity:Support staff|support staff]] to your intention, and may permit you the time to write your explanation.  Try to make your explanation more eloquent and less hysterical than the example shown above.
}}

&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;''Before [{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|action=delete}} deleting] check the [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|discussion page]], [[Special:Whatlinkshere/{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|what links here]], [{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|action=history}} history] ([{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|diff=0}} last edit]), the [{{fullurl:Special:Log|page={{SUBJECTPAGENAMEE}}}} page log], and [[Wikiversity:Deletions]]. ''&lt;/span&gt;
}}
&lt;!--Must delete this: [[Category:Candidates for speedy deletion|{{PAGENAME}}]]--&gt;
&lt;!-- Ends the delete demonstration--&gt;

The most common use of ''speedy deletion'' is for pages written by a single author and which include copyright violations, pseudoscientific claims, inappropriate language, advertisements, or slander or other efforts to harass living persons. 

Anything that potentially causes harm should be immediately deleted, and ''speedy deletion'' is the fastest way to nominate a page for removal. But a ''speedy deletion'' is also the most time-consuming to revert (if the resource actually gets deleted). A good rule of thumb is never to speedy delete a resource that might be [[wikt:salvable|salvable]] or has had active edits in the past three years. Also, hesitate before you ''speedy delete'' a project or a large number of subpages, as reverting such deletions can be extremely time-consuming.

===Proposed deletion===
*Uses &lt;code&gt;{{tlxs|prod}}&lt;/code&gt;

'''Proposed deletion''' (or &quot;prod&quot;) is for pages that may or may not belong in mainspace. It allows editors to debate possible deletion on the talk page and ponder other options such as moving to the user or draft namespace. ''Prod'' draws attention and can result in an effort to improve the resource. ''Prod'' places the discussion about whether to delete on the talk page. ''Prod's'' greatest disadvantage is it causes projects to remain in mainspace until the question is resolved. A simple remedy for this is to move the project into user or draft space until an outcome has been decided. Support staff can move a resource with up to 100 subpages.&lt;ref&gt;Moving a resource with 300 subpages takes about three times as long as moving one with 100 subpages, with the added feature that the moved resources are now required to have 3 top pages (with 100 subpages each)&lt;/ref&gt; To understand how ''prod'' works, suppose that on January 1, 2000 you placed '''{{tlxs|prod}}''' at the top of a page to create this banner:

&lt;!-- THIS TEXT WAS CREATED BY CALLING THE TEMPLATE WITH tlxs--&gt;
{{Ombox
| type  = delete
| image = [[File:Orologio rosso.svg|45x45px|center|No license|link=]]
| text  = Please [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=edit}} help improve] the [[WV:WIW|educational quality]] of this resource to increase [[Wikiversity:Learning|engagement]] by [[Wikiversity:Who are Wikiversity participants?|participants]]. Any concrete improvements made by '''{{#time:F j, Y|January 1, 2000 +90 days}}''' may allow it to be [[WV:PROD|kept]]. &lt;br&gt;
You may remove &lt;nowiki&gt;{{proposed deletion}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; from this resource's source text to contest this proposal, with or without [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|discussion]].
}}

&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;{{#if:  | {{{style}}};}}&quot;&gt;[[Special:PrefixIndex/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|''Link to any subpages this page might have'']]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Ends the tlxs|prod demonstration--&gt;

Note that the deadline for improving the page is 90 days after the template was inserted. This gives editors time to improve the page or defend its virtues.  

'''IMPORTANT:''' The proper venue for all discussions is the [[Help:Talk page|talk page]] of the article under consideration.

===Deletion request===
* Uses &lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;

Use '''Deletion request''' if you think a developed page should be deleted or if the topic is complicated in some way. Begin by placing '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;''' at the top of the page to create:
{{ambox
|image = [[File:User-trash.svg|50x50px|link=]]
|text='''Please [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion#{{FULLPAGENAME}}|share your thoughts]] about whether to [[Wikiversity:Deletions|keep this resource or not]]'''. Resources are likely to remain at Wikiversity when you [[Wikiversity:Be bold|boldly]] address reasonable concerns through concrete improvements. We encourage you to give resources a chance to receive fair reviews and concrete improvements by keeping nomination notices intact.}}
{{center|[[Special:PrefixIndex/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|''Link to any subpages this page might have'']]}}
{{Shortcut|Deletion request|Dr|DR|Rfd|RfD}} 

Click the words [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion|'''share your thoughts''']] in the box. This will lead to a page called [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]]. Follow the instructions for starting a discussion. Explain why you think the page should be deleted. Be prepared to engage in discussion about the page's value. At some point the discussion will be closed. Sometimes the decision may be to place the article in [[Wikiversity:Drafts|draft space]] or on a subpage of their [[Help:User page|user page]].
*{{spaces|2}}''See also [[w:Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_democracy|Wikipedia is not a democracy]]''

===Pagemove announcement===
*Uses &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{subst:Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
The advantage of moving material into the user or draft namespace is that less time is spent discussing and more time cleaning up. Wikiversity has a limited staff of volunteers, and the quicker decisions are made, the more that can be done. Too many obscure pages in mainspace gives others a bad impression of Wikiversity. On the other hand, people should be encouraged to write on Wikiversity about all sorts of topics. The goal is to separate materials recommend for teachers, learners, and researchers from the discovery and exploration done by Wikiversity users.
&lt;!-- No link or evidence for this: A procedure and guidelines for moving mainspace resources into user and draft space is under construction. --&gt;

'''&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{subst:Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;''' is used to communicate with all the page's main authors' talk pages and looks like this:
{{Robelbox|theme=8|title=Removal of a project from mainspace|width=100%}}
To ''Somebody's username'':

The project '''&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Some page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' has been moved to '''&lt;nowiki&gt;[[User:Somebody's username/Some page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''  

A tentative decision has been made to remove this project from [[Wikiversity:namespaces|mainspace]]. If this move is not under discussion at '''[[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]]''', you may make a request regarding this project at '''[[Wikiversity:Request custodian action]]'''. 

Yours truly, --[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 06:07, 20 December 2022 (UTC)
{{Robelbox/close}}

== See also ==
* [[MediaWiki:Deletereason-dropdown]] - List of common deletion reasons displayed in the deletion interface
* [[:Category:Candidates for speedy deletion]] - List of current resources suggested for [[#Speedy|speedy deletion]]
* [[:Category:Proposed deletions]] - List of current resources [[#Proposed|proposed]] for deletion
* [[:Category:Requests for Deletion]] - List of resources with active deletion [[#Discussion|discussions]]

{{Official policies}}
{{Proposed policies}}
&lt;!-- {{subpagesif}} There are currently no subpages --&gt;

[[Category:Wikiversity deletion]]</text>
      <sha1>trc9py7o8aayyzmn357z80xsnwsageo</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2810008</id>
      <parentid>2810005</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T01:24:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* {{anchor|Proposed deletion}}Proposed deletion (prod) */ Per suggestion: [[Wikiversity talk:Deletions#Maybe a change for Proposed deletion (prod)?]]</comment>
      <origin>2810008</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="18292" sha1="hd3n3635uj6hjf63cchk341r97kot8x" xml:space="preserve">{{proposed|WV:D|WV:DEL|WV:DELETE}}
{{nutshell|While deletion is sometimes permissible when a good reason is given, resources can often blossom when participants are taught good wiki practices and how to implement concrete improvements. These templates are recommended for use by those involved with page deletions:
* '''Speedy delete''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for pages you authored, as well as for pages that clearly don't belong in [[Help:Namespaces|mainspace]]
* '''Proposed deletions''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|prod}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for pages that perhaps should be deleted (or moved to draft or user space) unless they are improved
* '''Deletion requests''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for large projects and difficult decisions
* '''Move to draft or user space''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for research and student efforts (templates and policy guidelines under construction)

'''Don't worry about selecting the &quot;correct&quot; template''', as more than one template may be appropriate. It is more important to provide assistance by flagging resources that you think shouldn't be on Wikiversity.}}

This '''deletion guideline''' explains when and why [[Wikiversity:Support staff|support staff]] may delete and restore resources or specific revisions of a resource. The [[Special:Log/delete|deletion log]] allows anyone to track deletions and restorations at Wikiversity. Deletion removes access while keeping resources and their development histories intact. Access can be restored through undeletion. Deletions and undeletions are discussed at [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]].

== Types of deletion ==
=== Speedy ===
Resources may be subject to '''speedy deletion''' when a good reason is given by adding {{tlx|delete|''your good reason''}}. You may [[#Discussion|request community feedback]], or object with or without explanation by removing the speedy deletion suggestion from the resource. Resources may not be subject to speedy deletion when a reasonable objection is made or is likely because participants may be able to learn how to implement concrete improvements when taught appropriate practices.

====Criteria for speedy deletion====
{{shortcut|WV:CSD|WV:DB|WV:SD|WV:SPEEDY}}
A non-exhaustive list of possible reasons [[Wikiversity:Support staff|support staff]] may speedy delete resources include:

;Common reasons
# '''Test page''' to practice use of the wiki software outside user space.  Experiment in the [[Wikiversity:Sandbox]]. Consider [[Wikiversity:Welcome templates|Welcoming the user]].
#'''[[Wikiversity:Vandalism|Vandalism]]''' and user pages for vandalism-only accounts.
#'''Solicitation''' for products, services, companies, events, people, or other things with no educational merit or which generate direct financial benefit to the contributor.
#'''Spam''' consisting of bulk automated creations, cross-wiki cross-posting, or repetitive external links with no educational value
#'''Repost''' with no concrete improvements to merit keeping. User should [[WV:RFD|request undeletion]] instead.
#'''Author request''' by an only contributor or only substantial contributor, or arising from an expressed consensus of contributors.
#'''Empty page''' which has been blanked or content not developed
#'''Empty category''' with no notice suggesting the category may be occasionally empty.
#'''Copyrighted work''' which does not satisfy [[Foundation:Terms of use|Wikimedia's Terms of Use]].
#'''Orphaned, broken, or unused redirect''' with no educational histories, no links, and either no appropriate targets or not likely to be searched for.
#'''No [[WV:WIW|educational objectives]]''' or discussion in history. [[Wikiversity:Welcome templates|Welcome users]] and resources when likely to be expanded shortly.
#'''No [[Wikiversity:Research|research objectives]]''' or discussion in history. [[Wikiversity:Welcome templates|Welcome users]] and resources when likely to be expanded shortly.

;Less common reasons
# '''Abandoned resource'''
# '''Per [[WV:PROD|proposed deletion]]'''
# '''Per [[Wikiversity:Deletions#Discussion|request for deletion]]'''
# '''Basic maintenance''' such as repairing cut-and-paste moves, and moving resources over a redirect.
# '''Discussion''' about deleted resource where context is lost and becoming an independent resource is unlikely
# '''Resource [[m:transwiki|moved]]''' to another project due to [[Wikiversity:Scope|scope]], or file uploaded to [[commons:|Wikimedia Commons]] with history intact and links fixed.
#'''Unused file''' lacking either a license or a source may be deleted one week after uploader is notified.
#'''Ethical breach''' where a resource standing undeleted may cause harm
# '''Not English'''. See https://www.wikiversity.org to find where contributions may be appreciated
# '''History merge'''
# '''Deletion test'''

=== {{anchor|Proposed deletion}}Proposed deletion (prod)===
{{shortcut|WV:PROD|WV:PRD|WV:PD}}
Resources may be eligible for proposed deletion when educational objectives, learning outcomes, or research aims are scarce, and objections to deletion are unlikely. You may add {{tlxs|prod}} to the top of resources to propose deletion. Support staff may examine the resource after 90 days, and either delete the resource or remove the proposal. Anyone may object by removing the proposed deletion template from the resource, with an explanation on the resource's discussion page and/or in the edit summary. Anyone still considering that the resource should be deleted may [[#Discussion|discuss deletion]].

== {{anchor|Deletion discussions|Discussion}}How to discuss ==
You should [[WV:AGF|ask questions and discuss concerns]] with participants, make an effort to [[Wikiversity:Be bold|resolve problems yourself]], and try [[#Alternatives to deletion|alternatives]] as appropriate before suggesting deletion for resources with substantial development histories and contributions from multiple participants. You may ask for guidance and advice, explain what you have done or will do, and discuss options at [[Wikiversity:Requests for deletion]]. Resources are generally kept when a community [[Wikiversity:Consensus|decision]] is inconclusive. Add {{tl|rfd}} to the top of resources to draw attention to the discussion. As a courtesy, you may also notify any participants directly.

Be concise and specific when suggesting solutions, because the preferred outcome is one participants can learn from to implement concrete improvements. On occasion, deletion might be permissible when productivity from a fresh start is likely and concerns relate to Wikiversity's [[Wikiversity:Mission|mission]], [[Wikiversity:Scope|scope]], [[Wikiversity:Process|process]], or [[Wikiversity:Policies|policy]] in some way. If you can raise concerns not addressed by a previous discussion, you may begin a new discussion at [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion|Requests for Deletion]]. Reasonable requests for resources to be restored during discussion are honored, where possible. Please only participate if you are willing to keep an open mind and make an effort to improve resources.

==Alternatives to deletion==
{{shortcut|ATD|WV:ATD}}
Participants can often implement concrete improvements and develop resources further when taught appropriate practices. Possible alternatives to deletion include:

{| style=&quot;border:5px solid #cccccc; border-collapse:separate; border-spacing:1em 1em;&quot;
 |-
 ! What
 ! Solution
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Broken redirects
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Redirect to another appropriate target
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | In a foreign language
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Translate to English, move to target language Wikiversity, or move to [[BetaWikiversity:|Beta Wikiversity]] if there is no Wikiversity in that language 
 |-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Outside learning project's scope
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Merge with another learning project or use to start a new learning project
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Missing or incomplete license information
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Assist user in supplying information, supply it if possible
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Outside of Wikiversity's [[WV:scope|scope]]
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Move to another Wikimedia project or website as appropriate. Some resources may be appropriate in userspace, like personal essays
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Insufficient or unclear
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | If the potential educational value of resources is insufficient or unclear, consider moving to draft or user space 
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Too big or small
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Split big resources into smaller resources or reorganize into subpages. Merge small resources or redirect to a bigger resource.
 |}

Anyone may [[Wikiversity:Be bold|boldly]] implement concrete improvements that reasonably encourages collaborative education, or discuss alternative solutions on a resource's discussion page.

==Deletion templates==
To remove resources from mainspace that cannot be directly used by teachers and instructors use the following templates:
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt; for ''speedy deletion''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|prod}}&lt;/code&gt; for a ''proposed deletion'' 
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt; for a ''deletion request''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|pagemove announcement}}&lt;/code&gt; informs editors that the page (and any subpages) are likely to be moved to either draftspace or userspace.  Wikiversity is a complex interaction between instructor teaching materials, student efforts, and even research. Mainspace should focus on teaching, learning, and research resources.
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|draftify}}&lt;/code&gt; for ''proposed moving to the Draft: namespace''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|draft archive}}&lt;/code&gt; for proposal for '' moving under Draft:Archive/ '' (proposal is under construction)

===Speedy deletion===
*Use &lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{delete|(with optional explanation)}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
Use '''Speedy deletion''' for uncontroversial deletions.  Placing '''&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{delete|&lt;suggested reasons go here ...&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;''' at the top of a page creates this banner:
&lt;!-- THIS TEXT WAS CREATED BY CALLING THE TEMPLATE WITH tlxs--&gt;
{{ambox
|type=speedy
|text=This {{lc:{{NAMESPACE}}}} page may qualify for [[Wikiversity:Deletions|speedy deletion]] because: &lt;suggested reasons go here...&gt;&lt;br/&gt;{{#ifeq:{{{self}}}
|yes
|If you disagree, please remove this notice.&lt;br /&gt;
|If you disagree or intend to fix it, and '''you have not contributed to it before''', you may remove this notice. If you have contributed before and disagree, please explain why on {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}
 |{{TALKSPACE}}
 |this discussion page
 |[[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|the discussion page]]
}}, after adding &lt;span style=&quot;font-family:'Lucida Console', monospace&quot;&gt;{{Tl|hangon}}&lt;/span&gt; to the top of the {{lc:{{NAMESPACE}}}}. This will alert [[Wikiversity:Support staff|support staff]] to your intention, and may permit you the time to write your explanation.  Try to make your explanation more eloquent and less hysterical than the example shown above.
}}

&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;''Before [{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|action=delete}} deleting] check the [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|discussion page]], [[Special:Whatlinkshere/{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|what links here]], [{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|action=history}} history] ([{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|diff=0}} last edit]), the [{{fullurl:Special:Log|page={{SUBJECTPAGENAMEE}}}} page log], and [[Wikiversity:Deletions]]. ''&lt;/span&gt;
}}
&lt;!--Must delete this: [[Category:Candidates for speedy deletion|{{PAGENAME}}]]--&gt;
&lt;!-- Ends the delete demonstration--&gt;

The most common use of ''speedy deletion'' is for pages written by a single author and which include copyright violations, pseudoscientific claims, inappropriate language, advertisements, or slander or other efforts to harass living persons. 

Anything that potentially causes harm should be immediately deleted, and ''speedy deletion'' is the fastest way to nominate a page for removal. But a ''speedy deletion'' is also the most time-consuming to revert (if the resource actually gets deleted). A good rule of thumb is never to speedy delete a resource that might be [[wikt:salvable|salvable]] or has had active edits in the past three years. Also, hesitate before you ''speedy delete'' a project or a large number of subpages, as reverting such deletions can be extremely time-consuming.

===Proposed deletion===
*Uses &lt;code&gt;{{tlxs|prod}}&lt;/code&gt;

'''Proposed deletion''' (or &quot;prod&quot;) is for pages that may or may not belong in mainspace. It allows editors to debate possible deletion on the talk page and ponder other options such as moving to the user or draft namespace. ''Prod'' draws attention and can result in an effort to improve the resource. ''Prod'' places the discussion about whether to delete on the talk page. ''Prod's'' greatest disadvantage is it causes projects to remain in mainspace until the question is resolved. A simple remedy for this is to move the project into user or draft space until an outcome has been decided. Support staff can move a resource with up to 100 subpages.&lt;ref&gt;Moving a resource with 300 subpages takes about three times as long as moving one with 100 subpages, with the added feature that the moved resources are now required to have 3 top pages (with 100 subpages each)&lt;/ref&gt; To understand how ''prod'' works, suppose that on January 1, 2000 you placed '''{{tlxs|prod}}''' at the top of a page to create this banner:

&lt;!-- THIS TEXT WAS CREATED BY CALLING THE TEMPLATE WITH tlxs--&gt;
{{Ombox
| type  = delete
| image = [[File:Orologio rosso.svg|45x45px|center|No license|link=]]
| text  = Please [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=edit}} help improve] the [[WV:WIW|educational quality]] of this resource to increase [[Wikiversity:Learning|engagement]] by [[Wikiversity:Who are Wikiversity participants?|participants]]. Any concrete improvements made by '''{{#time:F j, Y|January 1, 2000 +90 days}}''' may allow it to be [[WV:PROD|kept]]. &lt;br&gt;
You may remove &lt;nowiki&gt;{{proposed deletion}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; from this resource's source text to contest this proposal, with or without [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|discussion]].
}}

&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;{{#if:  | {{{style}}};}}&quot;&gt;[[Special:PrefixIndex/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|''Link to any subpages this page might have'']]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Ends the tlxs|prod demonstration--&gt;

Note that the deadline for improving the page is 90 days after the template was inserted. This gives editors time to improve the page or defend its virtues.  

'''IMPORTANT:''' The proper venue for all discussions is the [[Help:Talk page|talk page]] of the article under consideration.

===Deletion request===
* Uses &lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;

Use '''Deletion request''' if you think a developed page should be deleted or if the topic is complicated in some way. Begin by placing '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;''' at the top of the page to create:
{{ambox
|image = [[File:User-trash.svg|50x50px|link=]]
|text='''Please [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion#{{FULLPAGENAME}}|share your thoughts]] about whether to [[Wikiversity:Deletions|keep this resource or not]]'''. Resources are likely to remain at Wikiversity when you [[Wikiversity:Be bold|boldly]] address reasonable concerns through concrete improvements. We encourage you to give resources a chance to receive fair reviews and concrete improvements by keeping nomination notices intact.}}
{{center|[[Special:PrefixIndex/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|''Link to any subpages this page might have'']]}}
{{Shortcut|Deletion request|Dr|DR|Rfd|RfD}} 

Click the words [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion|'''share your thoughts''']] in the box. This will lead to a page called [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]]. Follow the instructions for starting a discussion. Explain why you think the page should be deleted. Be prepared to engage in discussion about the page's value. At some point the discussion will be closed. Sometimes the decision may be to place the article in [[Wikiversity:Drafts|draft space]] or on a subpage of their [[Help:User page|user page]].
*{{spaces|2}}''See also [[w:Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_democracy|Wikipedia is not a democracy]]''

===Pagemove announcement===
*Uses &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{subst:Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
The advantage of moving material into the user or draft namespace is that less time is spent discussing and more time cleaning up. Wikiversity has a limited staff of volunteers, and the quicker decisions are made, the more that can be done. Too many obscure pages in mainspace gives others a bad impression of Wikiversity. On the other hand, people should be encouraged to write on Wikiversity about all sorts of topics. The goal is to separate materials recommend for teachers, learners, and researchers from the discovery and exploration done by Wikiversity users.
&lt;!-- No link or evidence for this: A procedure and guidelines for moving mainspace resources into user and draft space is under construction. --&gt;

'''&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{subst:Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;''' is used to communicate with all the page's main authors' talk pages and looks like this:
{{Robelbox|theme=8|title=Removal of a project from mainspace|width=100%}}
To ''Somebody's username'':

The project '''&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Some page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' has been moved to '''&lt;nowiki&gt;[[User:Somebody's username/Some page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''  

A tentative decision has been made to remove this project from [[Wikiversity:namespaces|mainspace]]. If this move is not under discussion at '''[[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]]''', you may make a request regarding this project at '''[[Wikiversity:Request custodian action]]'''. 

Yours truly, --[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 06:07, 20 December 2022 (UTC)
{{Robelbox/close}}

== See also ==
* [[MediaWiki:Deletereason-dropdown]] - List of common deletion reasons displayed in the deletion interface
* [[:Category:Candidates for speedy deletion]] - List of current resources suggested for [[#Speedy|speedy deletion]]
* [[:Category:Proposed deletions]] - List of current resources [[#Proposed|proposed]] for deletion
* [[:Category:Requests for Deletion]] - List of resources with active deletion [[#Discussion|discussions]]

{{Official policies}}
{{Proposed policies}}
&lt;!-- {{subpagesif}} There are currently no subpages --&gt;

[[Category:Wikiversity deletion]]</text>
      <sha1>hd3n3635uj6hjf63cchk341r97kot8x</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2810011</id>
      <parentid>2810008</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T01:35:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Jtneill moved page [[Wikiversity:Deletions]] to [[Wikiversity:Deletion policy]] over redirect: To be consistent with naming at Wikipedia, Wikibooks, Wikiquote etc.</comment>
      <origin>2810008</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="18292" sha1="hd3n3635uj6hjf63cchk341r97kot8x" xml:space="preserve">{{proposed|WV:D|WV:DEL|WV:DELETE}}
{{nutshell|While deletion is sometimes permissible when a good reason is given, resources can often blossom when participants are taught good wiki practices and how to implement concrete improvements. These templates are recommended for use by those involved with page deletions:
* '''Speedy delete''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for pages you authored, as well as for pages that clearly don't belong in [[Help:Namespaces|mainspace]]
* '''Proposed deletions''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|prod}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for pages that perhaps should be deleted (or moved to draft or user space) unless they are improved
* '''Deletion requests''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for large projects and difficult decisions
* '''Move to draft or user space''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for research and student efforts (templates and policy guidelines under construction)

'''Don't worry about selecting the &quot;correct&quot; template''', as more than one template may be appropriate. It is more important to provide assistance by flagging resources that you think shouldn't be on Wikiversity.}}

This '''deletion guideline''' explains when and why [[Wikiversity:Support staff|support staff]] may delete and restore resources or specific revisions of a resource. The [[Special:Log/delete|deletion log]] allows anyone to track deletions and restorations at Wikiversity. Deletion removes access while keeping resources and their development histories intact. Access can be restored through undeletion. Deletions and undeletions are discussed at [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]].

== Types of deletion ==
=== Speedy ===
Resources may be subject to '''speedy deletion''' when a good reason is given by adding {{tlx|delete|''your good reason''}}. You may [[#Discussion|request community feedback]], or object with or without explanation by removing the speedy deletion suggestion from the resource. Resources may not be subject to speedy deletion when a reasonable objection is made or is likely because participants may be able to learn how to implement concrete improvements when taught appropriate practices.

====Criteria for speedy deletion====
{{shortcut|WV:CSD|WV:DB|WV:SD|WV:SPEEDY}}
A non-exhaustive list of possible reasons [[Wikiversity:Support staff|support staff]] may speedy delete resources include:

;Common reasons
# '''Test page''' to practice use of the wiki software outside user space.  Experiment in the [[Wikiversity:Sandbox]]. Consider [[Wikiversity:Welcome templates|Welcoming the user]].
#'''[[Wikiversity:Vandalism|Vandalism]]''' and user pages for vandalism-only accounts.
#'''Solicitation''' for products, services, companies, events, people, or other things with no educational merit or which generate direct financial benefit to the contributor.
#'''Spam''' consisting of bulk automated creations, cross-wiki cross-posting, or repetitive external links with no educational value
#'''Repost''' with no concrete improvements to merit keeping. User should [[WV:RFD|request undeletion]] instead.
#'''Author request''' by an only contributor or only substantial contributor, or arising from an expressed consensus of contributors.
#'''Empty page''' which has been blanked or content not developed
#'''Empty category''' with no notice suggesting the category may be occasionally empty.
#'''Copyrighted work''' which does not satisfy [[Foundation:Terms of use|Wikimedia's Terms of Use]].
#'''Orphaned, broken, or unused redirect''' with no educational histories, no links, and either no appropriate targets or not likely to be searched for.
#'''No [[WV:WIW|educational objectives]]''' or discussion in history. [[Wikiversity:Welcome templates|Welcome users]] and resources when likely to be expanded shortly.
#'''No [[Wikiversity:Research|research objectives]]''' or discussion in history. [[Wikiversity:Welcome templates|Welcome users]] and resources when likely to be expanded shortly.

;Less common reasons
# '''Abandoned resource'''
# '''Per [[WV:PROD|proposed deletion]]'''
# '''Per [[Wikiversity:Deletions#Discussion|request for deletion]]'''
# '''Basic maintenance''' such as repairing cut-and-paste moves, and moving resources over a redirect.
# '''Discussion''' about deleted resource where context is lost and becoming an independent resource is unlikely
# '''Resource [[m:transwiki|moved]]''' to another project due to [[Wikiversity:Scope|scope]], or file uploaded to [[commons:|Wikimedia Commons]] with history intact and links fixed.
#'''Unused file''' lacking either a license or a source may be deleted one week after uploader is notified.
#'''Ethical breach''' where a resource standing undeleted may cause harm
# '''Not English'''. See https://www.wikiversity.org to find where contributions may be appreciated
# '''History merge'''
# '''Deletion test'''

=== {{anchor|Proposed deletion}}Proposed deletion (prod)===
{{shortcut|WV:PROD|WV:PRD|WV:PD}}
Resources may be eligible for proposed deletion when educational objectives, learning outcomes, or research aims are scarce, and objections to deletion are unlikely. You may add {{tlxs|prod}} to the top of resources to propose deletion. Support staff may examine the resource after 90 days, and either delete the resource or remove the proposal. Anyone may object by removing the proposed deletion template from the resource, with an explanation on the resource's discussion page and/or in the edit summary. Anyone still considering that the resource should be deleted may [[#Discussion|discuss deletion]].

== {{anchor|Deletion discussions|Discussion}}How to discuss ==
You should [[WV:AGF|ask questions and discuss concerns]] with participants, make an effort to [[Wikiversity:Be bold|resolve problems yourself]], and try [[#Alternatives to deletion|alternatives]] as appropriate before suggesting deletion for resources with substantial development histories and contributions from multiple participants. You may ask for guidance and advice, explain what you have done or will do, and discuss options at [[Wikiversity:Requests for deletion]]. Resources are generally kept when a community [[Wikiversity:Consensus|decision]] is inconclusive. Add {{tl|rfd}} to the top of resources to draw attention to the discussion. As a courtesy, you may also notify any participants directly.

Be concise and specific when suggesting solutions, because the preferred outcome is one participants can learn from to implement concrete improvements. On occasion, deletion might be permissible when productivity from a fresh start is likely and concerns relate to Wikiversity's [[Wikiversity:Mission|mission]], [[Wikiversity:Scope|scope]], [[Wikiversity:Process|process]], or [[Wikiversity:Policies|policy]] in some way. If you can raise concerns not addressed by a previous discussion, you may begin a new discussion at [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion|Requests for Deletion]]. Reasonable requests for resources to be restored during discussion are honored, where possible. Please only participate if you are willing to keep an open mind and make an effort to improve resources.

==Alternatives to deletion==
{{shortcut|ATD|WV:ATD}}
Participants can often implement concrete improvements and develop resources further when taught appropriate practices. Possible alternatives to deletion include:

{| style=&quot;border:5px solid #cccccc; border-collapse:separate; border-spacing:1em 1em;&quot;
 |-
 ! What
 ! Solution
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Broken redirects
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Redirect to another appropriate target
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | In a foreign language
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Translate to English, move to target language Wikiversity, or move to [[BetaWikiversity:|Beta Wikiversity]] if there is no Wikiversity in that language 
 |-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Outside learning project's scope
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Merge with another learning project or use to start a new learning project
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Missing or incomplete license information
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Assist user in supplying information, supply it if possible
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Outside of Wikiversity's [[WV:scope|scope]]
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Move to another Wikimedia project or website as appropriate. Some resources may be appropriate in userspace, like personal essays
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Insufficient or unclear
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | If the potential educational value of resources is insufficient or unclear, consider moving to draft or user space 
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Too big or small
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Split big resources into smaller resources or reorganize into subpages. Merge small resources or redirect to a bigger resource.
 |}

Anyone may [[Wikiversity:Be bold|boldly]] implement concrete improvements that reasonably encourages collaborative education, or discuss alternative solutions on a resource's discussion page.

==Deletion templates==
To remove resources from mainspace that cannot be directly used by teachers and instructors use the following templates:
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt; for ''speedy deletion''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|prod}}&lt;/code&gt; for a ''proposed deletion'' 
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt; for a ''deletion request''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|pagemove announcement}}&lt;/code&gt; informs editors that the page (and any subpages) are likely to be moved to either draftspace or userspace.  Wikiversity is a complex interaction between instructor teaching materials, student efforts, and even research. Mainspace should focus on teaching, learning, and research resources.
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|draftify}}&lt;/code&gt; for ''proposed moving to the Draft: namespace''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|draft archive}}&lt;/code&gt; for proposal for '' moving under Draft:Archive/ '' (proposal is under construction)

===Speedy deletion===
*Use &lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{delete|(with optional explanation)}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
Use '''Speedy deletion''' for uncontroversial deletions.  Placing '''&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{delete|&lt;suggested reasons go here ...&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;''' at the top of a page creates this banner:
&lt;!-- THIS TEXT WAS CREATED BY CALLING THE TEMPLATE WITH tlxs--&gt;
{{ambox
|type=speedy
|text=This {{lc:{{NAMESPACE}}}} page may qualify for [[Wikiversity:Deletions|speedy deletion]] because: &lt;suggested reasons go here...&gt;&lt;br/&gt;{{#ifeq:{{{self}}}
|yes
|If you disagree, please remove this notice.&lt;br /&gt;
|If you disagree or intend to fix it, and '''you have not contributed to it before''', you may remove this notice. If you have contributed before and disagree, please explain why on {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}
 |{{TALKSPACE}}
 |this discussion page
 |[[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|the discussion page]]
}}, after adding &lt;span style=&quot;font-family:'Lucida Console', monospace&quot;&gt;{{Tl|hangon}}&lt;/span&gt; to the top of the {{lc:{{NAMESPACE}}}}. This will alert [[Wikiversity:Support staff|support staff]] to your intention, and may permit you the time to write your explanation.  Try to make your explanation more eloquent and less hysterical than the example shown above.
}}

&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;''Before [{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|action=delete}} deleting] check the [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|discussion page]], [[Special:Whatlinkshere/{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|what links here]], [{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|action=history}} history] ([{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|diff=0}} last edit]), the [{{fullurl:Special:Log|page={{SUBJECTPAGENAMEE}}}} page log], and [[Wikiversity:Deletions]]. ''&lt;/span&gt;
}}
&lt;!--Must delete this: [[Category:Candidates for speedy deletion|{{PAGENAME}}]]--&gt;
&lt;!-- Ends the delete demonstration--&gt;

The most common use of ''speedy deletion'' is for pages written by a single author and which include copyright violations, pseudoscientific claims, inappropriate language, advertisements, or slander or other efforts to harass living persons. 

Anything that potentially causes harm should be immediately deleted, and ''speedy deletion'' is the fastest way to nominate a page for removal. But a ''speedy deletion'' is also the most time-consuming to revert (if the resource actually gets deleted). A good rule of thumb is never to speedy delete a resource that might be [[wikt:salvable|salvable]] or has had active edits in the past three years. Also, hesitate before you ''speedy delete'' a project or a large number of subpages, as reverting such deletions can be extremely time-consuming.

===Proposed deletion===
*Uses &lt;code&gt;{{tlxs|prod}}&lt;/code&gt;

'''Proposed deletion''' (or &quot;prod&quot;) is for pages that may or may not belong in mainspace. It allows editors to debate possible deletion on the talk page and ponder other options such as moving to the user or draft namespace. ''Prod'' draws attention and can result in an effort to improve the resource. ''Prod'' places the discussion about whether to delete on the talk page. ''Prod's'' greatest disadvantage is it causes projects to remain in mainspace until the question is resolved. A simple remedy for this is to move the project into user or draft space until an outcome has been decided. Support staff can move a resource with up to 100 subpages.&lt;ref&gt;Moving a resource with 300 subpages takes about three times as long as moving one with 100 subpages, with the added feature that the moved resources are now required to have 3 top pages (with 100 subpages each)&lt;/ref&gt; To understand how ''prod'' works, suppose that on January 1, 2000 you placed '''{{tlxs|prod}}''' at the top of a page to create this banner:

&lt;!-- THIS TEXT WAS CREATED BY CALLING THE TEMPLATE WITH tlxs--&gt;
{{Ombox
| type  = delete
| image = [[File:Orologio rosso.svg|45x45px|center|No license|link=]]
| text  = Please [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=edit}} help improve] the [[WV:WIW|educational quality]] of this resource to increase [[Wikiversity:Learning|engagement]] by [[Wikiversity:Who are Wikiversity participants?|participants]]. Any concrete improvements made by '''{{#time:F j, Y|January 1, 2000 +90 days}}''' may allow it to be [[WV:PROD|kept]]. &lt;br&gt;
You may remove &lt;nowiki&gt;{{proposed deletion}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; from this resource's source text to contest this proposal, with or without [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|discussion]].
}}

&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;{{#if:  | {{{style}}};}}&quot;&gt;[[Special:PrefixIndex/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|''Link to any subpages this page might have'']]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Ends the tlxs|prod demonstration--&gt;

Note that the deadline for improving the page is 90 days after the template was inserted. This gives editors time to improve the page or defend its virtues.  

'''IMPORTANT:''' The proper venue for all discussions is the [[Help:Talk page|talk page]] of the article under consideration.

===Deletion request===
* Uses &lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;

Use '''Deletion request''' if you think a developed page should be deleted or if the topic is complicated in some way. Begin by placing '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;''' at the top of the page to create:
{{ambox
|image = [[File:User-trash.svg|50x50px|link=]]
|text='''Please [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion#{{FULLPAGENAME}}|share your thoughts]] about whether to [[Wikiversity:Deletions|keep this resource or not]]'''. Resources are likely to remain at Wikiversity when you [[Wikiversity:Be bold|boldly]] address reasonable concerns through concrete improvements. We encourage you to give resources a chance to receive fair reviews and concrete improvements by keeping nomination notices intact.}}
{{center|[[Special:PrefixIndex/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|''Link to any subpages this page might have'']]}}
{{Shortcut|Deletion request|Dr|DR|Rfd|RfD}} 

Click the words [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion|'''share your thoughts''']] in the box. This will lead to a page called [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]]. Follow the instructions for starting a discussion. Explain why you think the page should be deleted. Be prepared to engage in discussion about the page's value. At some point the discussion will be closed. Sometimes the decision may be to place the article in [[Wikiversity:Drafts|draft space]] or on a subpage of their [[Help:User page|user page]].
*{{spaces|2}}''See also [[w:Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_democracy|Wikipedia is not a democracy]]''

===Pagemove announcement===
*Uses &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{subst:Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
The advantage of moving material into the user or draft namespace is that less time is spent discussing and more time cleaning up. Wikiversity has a limited staff of volunteers, and the quicker decisions are made, the more that can be done. Too many obscure pages in mainspace gives others a bad impression of Wikiversity. On the other hand, people should be encouraged to write on Wikiversity about all sorts of topics. The goal is to separate materials recommend for teachers, learners, and researchers from the discovery and exploration done by Wikiversity users.
&lt;!-- No link or evidence for this: A procedure and guidelines for moving mainspace resources into user and draft space is under construction. --&gt;

'''&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{subst:Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;''' is used to communicate with all the page's main authors' talk pages and looks like this:
{{Robelbox|theme=8|title=Removal of a project from mainspace|width=100%}}
To ''Somebody's username'':

The project '''&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Some page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' has been moved to '''&lt;nowiki&gt;[[User:Somebody's username/Some page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''  

A tentative decision has been made to remove this project from [[Wikiversity:namespaces|mainspace]]. If this move is not under discussion at '''[[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]]''', you may make a request regarding this project at '''[[Wikiversity:Request custodian action]]'''. 

Yours truly, --[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 06:07, 20 December 2022 (UTC)
{{Robelbox/close}}

== See also ==
* [[MediaWiki:Deletereason-dropdown]] - List of common deletion reasons displayed in the deletion interface
* [[:Category:Candidates for speedy deletion]] - List of current resources suggested for [[#Speedy|speedy deletion]]
* [[:Category:Proposed deletions]] - List of current resources [[#Proposed|proposed]] for deletion
* [[:Category:Requests for Deletion]] - List of resources with active deletion [[#Discussion|discussions]]

{{Official policies}}
{{Proposed policies}}
&lt;!-- {{subpagesif}} There are currently no subpages --&gt;

[[Category:Wikiversity deletion]]</text>
      <sha1>hd3n3635uj6hjf63cchk341r97kot8x</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2810109</id>
      <parentid>2810011</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T11:07:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Update links</comment>
      <origin>2810109</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="18323" sha1="0jfq42c1cm3g46lchzsaxn8roab7yt4" xml:space="preserve">{{proposed|WV:D|WV:DEL|WV:DELETE}}
{{nutshell|While deletion is sometimes permissible when a good reason is given, resources can often blossom when participants are taught good wiki practices and how to implement concrete improvements. These templates are recommended for use by those involved with page deletions:
* '''Speedy delete''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for pages you authored, as well as for pages that clearly don't belong in [[Help:Namespaces|mainspace]]
* '''Proposed deletions''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|prod}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for pages that perhaps should be deleted (or moved to draft or user space) unless they are improved
* '''Deletion requests''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for large projects and difficult decisions
* '''Move to draft or user space''' '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/code&gt;''' for research and student efforts (templates and policy guidelines under construction)

'''Don't worry about selecting the &quot;correct&quot; template''', as more than one template may be appropriate. It is more important to provide assistance by flagging resources that you think shouldn't be on Wikiversity.}}

This '''deletion guideline''' explains when and why [[Wikiversity:Support staff|support staff]] may delete and restore resources or specific revisions of a resource. The [[Special:Log/delete|deletion log]] allows anyone to track deletions and restorations at Wikiversity. Deletion removes access while keeping resources and their development histories intact. Access can be restored through undeletion. Deletions and undeletions are discussed at [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]].

== Types of deletion ==
=== Speedy ===
Resources may be subject to '''speedy deletion''' when a good reason is given by adding {{tlx|delete|''your good reason''}}. You may [[#Discussion|request community feedback]], or object with or without explanation by removing the speedy deletion suggestion from the resource. Resources may not be subject to speedy deletion when a reasonable objection is made or is likely because participants may be able to learn how to implement concrete improvements when taught appropriate practices.

====Criteria for speedy deletion====
{{shortcut|WV:CSD|WV:DB|WV:SD|WV:SPEEDY}}
A non-exhaustive list of possible reasons [[Wikiversity:Support staff|support staff]] may speedy delete resources include:

;Common reasons
# '''Test page''' to practice use of the wiki software outside user space.  Experiment in the [[Wikiversity:Sandbox]]. Consider [[Wikiversity:Welcome templates|Welcoming the user]].
#'''[[Wikiversity:Vandalism|Vandalism]]''' and user pages for vandalism-only accounts.
#'''Solicitation''' for products, services, companies, events, people, or other things with no educational merit or which generate direct financial benefit to the contributor.
#'''Spam''' consisting of bulk automated creations, cross-wiki cross-posting, or repetitive external links with no educational value
#'''Repost''' with no concrete improvements to merit keeping. User should [[WV:RFD|request undeletion]] instead.
#'''Author request''' by an only contributor or only substantial contributor, or arising from an expressed consensus of contributors.
#'''Empty page''' which has been blanked or content not developed
#'''Empty category''' with no notice suggesting the category may be occasionally empty.
#'''Copyrighted work''' which does not satisfy [[Foundation:Terms of use|Wikimedia's Terms of Use]].
#'''Orphaned, broken, or unused redirect''' with no educational histories, no links, and either no appropriate targets or not likely to be searched for.
#'''No [[WV:WIW|educational objectives]]''' or discussion in history. [[Wikiversity:Welcome templates|Welcome users]] and resources when likely to be expanded shortly.
#'''No [[Wikiversity:Research|research objectives]]''' or discussion in history. [[Wikiversity:Welcome templates|Welcome users]] and resources when likely to be expanded shortly.

;Less common reasons
# '''Abandoned resource'''
# '''Per [[WV:PROD|proposed deletion]]'''
# '''Per [[Wikiversity:Deletion policy#Discussion|request for deletion]]'''
# '''Basic maintenance''' such as repairing cut-and-paste moves, and moving resources over a redirect.
# '''Discussion''' about deleted resource where context is lost and becoming an independent resource is unlikely
# '''Resource [[m:transwiki|moved]]''' to another project due to [[Wikiversity:Scope|scope]], or file uploaded to [[commons:|Wikimedia Commons]] with history intact and links fixed.
#'''Unused file''' lacking either a license or a source may be deleted one week after uploader is notified.
#'''Ethical breach''' where a resource standing undeleted may cause harm
# '''Not English'''. See https://www.wikiversity.org to find where contributions may be appreciated
# '''History merge'''
# '''Deletion test'''

=== {{anchor|Proposed deletion}}Proposed deletion (prod)===
{{shortcut|WV:PROD|WV:PRD|WV:PD}}
Resources may be eligible for proposed deletion when educational objectives, learning outcomes, or research aims are scarce, and objections to deletion are unlikely. You may add {{tlxs|prod}} to the top of resources to propose deletion. Support staff may examine the resource after 90 days, and either delete the resource or remove the proposal. Anyone may object by removing the proposed deletion template from the resource, with an explanation on the resource's discussion page and/or in the edit summary. Anyone still considering that the resource should be deleted may [[#Discussion|discuss deletion]].

== {{anchor|Deletion discussions|Discussion}}How to discuss ==
You should [[WV:AGF|ask questions and discuss concerns]] with participants, make an effort to [[Wikiversity:Be bold|resolve problems yourself]], and try [[#Alternatives to deletion|alternatives]] as appropriate before suggesting deletion for resources with substantial development histories and contributions from multiple participants. You may ask for guidance and advice, explain what you have done or will do, and discuss options at [[Wikiversity:Requests for deletion]]. Resources are generally kept when a community [[Wikiversity:Consensus|decision]] is inconclusive. Add {{tl|rfd}} to the top of resources to draw attention to the discussion. As a courtesy, you may also notify any participants directly.

Be concise and specific when suggesting solutions, because the preferred outcome is one participants can learn from to implement concrete improvements. On occasion, deletion might be permissible when productivity from a fresh start is likely and concerns relate to Wikiversity's [[Wikiversity:Mission|mission]], [[Wikiversity:Scope|scope]], [[Wikiversity:Process|process]], or [[Wikiversity:Policies|policy]] in some way. If you can raise concerns not addressed by a previous discussion, you may begin a new discussion at [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion|Requests for Deletion]]. Reasonable requests for resources to be restored during discussion are honored, where possible. Please only participate if you are willing to keep an open mind and make an effort to improve resources.

==Alternatives to deletion==
{{shortcut|ATD|WV:ATD}}
Participants can often implement concrete improvements and develop resources further when taught appropriate practices. Possible alternatives to deletion include:

{| style=&quot;border:5px solid #cccccc; border-collapse:separate; border-spacing:1em 1em;&quot;
 |-
 ! What
 ! Solution
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Broken redirects
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Redirect to another appropriate target
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | In a foreign language
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Translate to English, move to target language Wikiversity, or move to [[BetaWikiversity:|Beta Wikiversity]] if there is no Wikiversity in that language 
 |-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Outside learning project's scope
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Merge with another learning project or use to start a new learning project
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Missing or incomplete license information
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Assist user in supplying information, supply it if possible
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Outside of Wikiversity's [[WV:scope|scope]]
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Move to another Wikimedia project or website as appropriate. Some resources may be appropriate in userspace, like personal essays
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Insufficient or unclear
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | If the potential educational value of resources is insufficient or unclear, consider moving to draft or user space 
|-
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Too big or small
 | valign=&quot;top&quot; | Split big resources into smaller resources or reorganize into subpages. Merge small resources or redirect to a bigger resource.
 |}

Anyone may [[Wikiversity:Be bold|boldly]] implement concrete improvements that reasonably encourages collaborative education, or discuss alternative solutions on a resource's discussion page.

==Deletion templates==
To remove resources from mainspace that cannot be directly used by teachers and instructors use the following templates:
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt; for ''speedy deletion''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|prod}}&lt;/code&gt; for a ''proposed deletion'' 
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt; for a ''deletion request''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|pagemove announcement}}&lt;/code&gt; informs editors that the page (and any subpages) are likely to be moved to either draftspace or userspace.  Wikiversity is a complex interaction between instructor teaching materials, student efforts, and even research. Mainspace should focus on teaching, learning, and research resources.
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|draftify}}&lt;/code&gt; for ''proposed moving to the Draft: namespace''
*&lt;code&gt;{{tl|draft archive}}&lt;/code&gt; for proposal for '' moving under Draft:Archive/ '' (proposal is under construction)

===Speedy deletion===
*Use &lt;code&gt;{{tl|delete}}&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{delete|(with optional explanation)}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
Use '''Speedy deletion''' for uncontroversial deletions.  Placing '''&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{delete|&lt;suggested reasons go here ...&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;''' at the top of a page creates this banner:
&lt;!-- THIS TEXT WAS CREATED BY CALLING THE TEMPLATE WITH tlxs--&gt;
{{ambox
|type=speedy
|text=This {{lc:{{NAMESPACE}}}} page may qualify for [[Wikiversity:Deletion policy#Speedy|speedy deletion]] because: &lt;suggested reasons go here...&gt;&lt;br/&gt;{{#ifeq:{{{self}}}
|yes
|If you disagree, please remove this notice.&lt;br /&gt;
|If you disagree or intend to fix it, and '''you have not contributed to it before''', you may remove this notice. If you have contributed before and disagree, please explain why on {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}
 |{{TALKSPACE}}
 |this discussion page
 |[[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|the discussion page]]
}}, after adding &lt;span style=&quot;font-family:'Lucida Console', monospace&quot;&gt;{{Tl|hangon}}&lt;/span&gt; to the top of the {{lc:{{NAMESPACE}}}}. This will alert [[Wikiversity:Support staff|support staff]] to your intention, and may permit you the time to write your explanation.  Try to make your explanation more eloquent and less hysterical than the example shown above.
}}

&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;''Before [{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|action=delete}} deleting] check the [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|discussion page]], [[Special:Whatlinkshere/{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|what links here]], [{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|action=history}} history] ([{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|diff=0}} last edit]), the [{{fullurl:Special:Log|page={{SUBJECTPAGENAMEE}}}} page log], and [[Wikiversity:Deletion policy]]. ''&lt;/span&gt;
}}
&lt;!--Must delete this: [[Category:Candidates for speedy deletion|{{PAGENAME}}]]--&gt;
&lt;!-- Ends the delete demonstration--&gt;

The most common use of ''speedy deletion'' is for pages written by a single author and which include copyright violations, pseudoscientific claims, inappropriate language, advertisements, or slander or other efforts to harass living persons. 

Anything that potentially causes harm should be immediately deleted, and ''speedy deletion'' is the fastest way to nominate a page for removal. But a ''speedy deletion'' is also the most time-consuming to revert (if the resource actually gets deleted). A good rule of thumb is never to speedy delete a resource that might be [[wikt:salvable|salvable]] or has had active edits in the past three years. Also, hesitate before you ''speedy delete'' a project or a large number of subpages, as reverting such deletions can be extremely time-consuming.

===Proposed deletion===
*Uses &lt;code&gt;{{tlxs|prod}}&lt;/code&gt;

'''Proposed deletion''' (or &quot;prod&quot;) is for pages that may or may not belong in mainspace. It allows editors to debate possible deletion on the talk page and ponder other options such as moving to the user or draft namespace. ''Prod'' draws attention and can result in an effort to improve the resource. ''Prod'' places the discussion about whether to delete on the talk page. ''Prod's'' greatest disadvantage is it causes projects to remain in mainspace until the question is resolved. A simple remedy for this is to move the project into user or draft space until an outcome has been decided. Support staff can move a resource with up to 100 subpages.&lt;ref&gt;Moving a resource with 300 subpages takes about three times as long as moving one with 100 subpages, with the added feature that the moved resources are now required to have 3 top pages (with 100 subpages each)&lt;/ref&gt; To understand how ''prod'' works, suppose that on January 1, 2000 you placed '''{{tlxs|prod}}''' at the top of a page to create this banner:

&lt;!-- THIS TEXT WAS CREATED BY CALLING THE TEMPLATE WITH tlxs--&gt;
{{Ombox
| type  = delete
| image = [[File:Orologio rosso.svg|45x45px|center|No license|link=]]
| text  = Please [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=edit}} help improve] the [[WV:WIW|educational quality]] of this resource to increase [[Wikiversity:Learning|engagement]] by [[Wikiversity:Who are Wikiversity participants?|participants]]. Any concrete improvements made by '''{{#time:F j, Y|January 1, 2000 +90 days}}''' may allow it to be [[WV:PROD|kept]]. &lt;br&gt;
You may remove &lt;nowiki&gt;{{proposed deletion}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; from this resource's source text to contest this proposal, with or without [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|discussion]].
}}

&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;{{#if:  | {{{style}}};}}&quot;&gt;[[Special:PrefixIndex/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|''Link to any subpages this page might have'']]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Ends the tlxs|prod demonstration--&gt;

Note that the deadline for improving the page is 90 days after the template was inserted. This gives editors time to improve the page or defend its virtues.  

'''IMPORTANT:''' The proper venue for all discussions is the [[Help:Talk page|talk page]] of the article under consideration.

===Deletion request===
* Uses &lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;

Use '''Deletion request''' if you think a developed page should be deleted or if the topic is complicated in some way. Begin by placing '''&lt;code&gt;{{tl|dr}}&lt;/code&gt;''' at the top of the page to create:
{{ambox
|image = [[File:User-trash.svg|50x50px|link=]]
|text='''Please [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion#{{FULLPAGENAME}}|share your thoughts]] about whether to [[Wikiversity:Deletion policy|keep this resource or not]]'''. Resources are likely to remain at Wikiversity when you [[Wikiversity:Be bold|boldly]] address reasonable concerns through concrete improvements. We encourage you to give resources a chance to receive fair reviews and concrete improvements by keeping nomination notices intact.}}
{{center|[[Special:PrefixIndex/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|''Link to any subpages this page might have'']]}}
{{Shortcut|Deletion request|Dr|DR|Rfd|RfD}} 

Click the words [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion|'''share your thoughts''']] in the box. This will lead to a page called [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]]. Follow the instructions for starting a discussion. Explain why you think the page should be deleted. Be prepared to engage in discussion about the page's value. At some point the discussion will be closed. Sometimes the decision may be to place the article in [[Wikiversity:Drafts|draft space]] or on a subpage of their [[Help:User page|user page]].
*{{spaces|2}}''See also [[w:Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_democracy|Wikipedia is not a democracy]]''

===Pagemove announcement===
*Uses &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{subst:Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
The advantage of moving material into the user or draft namespace is that less time is spent discussing and more time cleaning up. Wikiversity has a limited staff of volunteers, and the quicker decisions are made, the more that can be done. Too many obscure pages in mainspace gives others a bad impression of Wikiversity. On the other hand, people should be encouraged to write on Wikiversity about all sorts of topics. The goal is to separate materials recommend for teachers, learners, and researchers from the discovery and exploration done by Wikiversity users.
&lt;!-- No link or evidence for this: A procedure and guidelines for moving mainspace resources into user and draft space is under construction. --&gt;

'''&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{subst:Pagemove announcement}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;''' is used to communicate with all the page's main authors' talk pages and looks like this:
{{Robelbox|theme=8|title=Removal of a project from mainspace|width=100%}}
To ''Somebody's username'':

The project '''&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Some page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' has been moved to '''&lt;nowiki&gt;[[User:Somebody's username/Some page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''  

A tentative decision has been made to remove this project from [[Wikiversity:namespaces|mainspace]]. If this move is not under discussion at '''[[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]]''', you may make a request regarding this project at '''[[Wikiversity:Request custodian action]]'''. 

Yours truly, --[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 06:07, 20 December 2022 (UTC)
{{Robelbox/close}}

== See also ==
* [[MediaWiki:Deletereason-dropdown]] - List of common deletion reasons displayed in the deletion interface
* [[:Category:Candidates for speedy deletion]] - List of current resources suggested for [[#Speedy|speedy deletion]]
* [[:Category:Proposed deletions]] - List of current resources [[#Proposed|proposed]] for deletion
* [[:Category:Requests for Deletion]] - List of resources with active deletion [[#Discussion|discussions]]

{{Official policies}}
{{Proposed policies}}
&lt;!-- {{subpagesif}} There are currently no subpages --&gt;

[[Category:Wikiversity deletion]]</text>
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[[File:Wikiversity Administrator.svg|120px|left|link=]]

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;big&gt;&lt;u&gt;'''Welcome to the Wikiversity Maintenance Hub!'''&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
'''Maintenance''' is one of the most important things that anyone can do at Wikiversity, along with ''teaching'', ''learning'' and ''researching''. Wikiversity constantly needs people to maintain the site, and '''''anyone can get involved in maintaining Wikiversity'''''. You don't have to ask - you can just pick some open tasks and get on with the job! Below you can find plenty of information and links to start you off with your maintenance &quot;career&quot; here. When you become better at maintenance tasks, you can start to identify new tasks that need doing and add them to the lists and categories.

If you stay around Wikiversity for long, and especially if you take part in maintenance, you'll soon come across the term [[Wikiversity:Custodians|custodian]], which is what we call an &quot;admin&quot; or someone with &quot;sysop privileges&quot;. Custodians have access to a few extra options on the MediaWiki interface, which enable them to do some maintenance operations faster, and do other maintenance operations which might have more radical effects on Wikiversity. For example, custodians can delete pages and block disruptive users. These operations are things which it is generally felt that not everyone should have access to. If you find a job which needs a custodian, then feel welcome to ask one! (There are also other strata of [[Wikiversity:User access levels|user rights]], including other types of [[Wikiversity:Support staff|support staff]].)

Sometimes people decide it might be a nice idea to become a &quot;custodian&quot; themselves. If you want to: here's a quick how-to. '''First''', realise that custodians (or admins) do a lot of pretty unpleasant boring jobs and end up sacrificing a lot of their family/holiday time. It's hardly a prestigious job. '''Secondly''', before you even think of applying, get experience with a lot of the maintenance jobs below which ''anyone'' can do. This is a good way to show that you are suitable material for doing chores! But remember: if you enjoy making Wikiversity a better place by maintaining it, you don't have to be a custodian. Quite the opposite: ordinary users are especially welcome at the maintenance hub, and we hope the majority of people who come here will be ordinary users who just enjoy taking a few minutes to make Wikiversity a better place for everyone.

Oh - and finally, an especially big thank you to everyone who participates at the maintenance hub:

&lt;div align=center style=&quot;font-size:22px; line-height=7em;&quot;&gt;
[[Image:Nuvola apps kuickshow.png|72px|link=]]
'''Thank you!'''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;inputbox&gt;	
type=search
width=20
namespaces=Help**,Wikiversity,Template
searchbuttonlabel=Search help pages
bgcolor=transparent
break=no
&lt;/inputbox&gt;
{{RoundBoxBottom}}
{{Administering Wikiversity}}

== Ongoing tasks and taskforces ==
''These are things that anyone can help with.''

* {{tl|Opentask}} - this is a template of open tasks which some users keep on their user pages; update it to keep users informed of ongoing activity.
* [[WV:Categories|Category Maintenance Taskforce]] - maintaining and updating [[Special:Categories|Categories]] from the {{cl|Categories|top level}} down through the [[Special:CategoryTree|CategoryTree]]
* [[WV:Templates|Template Taskforce]] - Checking, improving, creating, testing and implementing [[WV:FAQ/Template|template]]s used at Wikiversity
* [[Wikiversity:Main page learning project|Main page learning project]] - a project to keep the main page active and useful.
* [[WV:Introduction Overhaul Taskforce|Introduction Overhaul Taskforce]] - a task force which deals with introducing Wikiversity to newcomers.
* [[WV:Welcoming committee|Welcoming committee]]: an informal group of contributors who welcome new users and help them get started.
* [[WV:Candidates for Custodianship|Candidates for Custodianship]] - view and comment on recent candidacies
* [[WV:Custodian feedback|Custodian feedback]] - are existing custodians doing a good job?
* [[WV:Participants|Participants]] - the participants list will need updating regularly - at least once a month - with recently very active editors and other significant information about participants.

== Cleanup and maintenance categories ==
''These are more things that anyone can help with.''

* {{cl|Stubs}}
* {{cl|Wikiversity cleanup}}
* {{cl|Category maintenance}}
* {{cl|Merge proposals}}
* {{cl|Pages in need of proofreading}}
* {{cl|Pages of unknown use}}
* {{cl|Pages needing to be renamed}}
* [[Special:DoubleRedirects|Cleanup double redirects]] (note: see [[User:Mu301Bot]] for automated cleanup test)
* {{cl|Move to Wikimedia Commons}}

==Ongoing tasks for custodians==
Many of these tasks depend on some degree of involvement by [[WV:Who are Wikiversity participants?|ordinary Wikiversity participants]], such as proposing items for addition to these lists, and commenting on them.

* {{cl|Candidates for speedy deletion}}
* [[WV:Requests for Deletion|Requests for deletion]]: custodians normally only delete if user discussion favors it.
* {{cl|Possible copyright violations|Copyright violations}}: users can track down possible copyright problems and ask uploaders to clarify copyright status where a problem may exist. Pages can be added to this category with {{tl|copyrighted}} so that custodians know action is requested.
* [[WV:Request custodian action|Requests for custodian action]]
* [[WV:Notices for custodians|Notices for custodians]]: very much like &quot;requests for custodian action&quot;, except that it gets overlooked.
* {{cl|Files needing copyright information}}
* [[Managing vandalism]]: a course which anyone can take, but especially valuable for custodians.
* {{cl|Pages needing to be renamed}}
* Monitor [[Special:Shortpages]] for pages that have been blanked - rollback and use discretion in dealing with the vandal.

== Making it easy for yourself to help maintain Wikiversity ==

We have a great template which you can add to your user page.

{{tl|Administering Wikiversity}}

Type in the above at the top of your user page, and you can have a nice colourful sidebar full of useful links to key administrative pages, including this one.

== Related pages ==
''Reading material for people interested in maintenance issues.''
* [[Wikiversity:Centralized discussions|Discussions]]
* [[Wikiversity:Bots|Bots]]
* [[Wikiversity:Polls|Polls]]
* [[Wikiversity:Policies|Policies]]
* [[Wikiversity:Custodianship|Custodianship policy]]
* [[Wikiversity:List of custodian mentors|Custodian mentors]]  
* [[Wikiversity:Review board|Referees / Review Board]]
* [[Wikiversity:Archive|Archive]]

== See also ==

* [[Portal: Wikiversity]]

[[Category:Wikiversity maintenance]]
[[Category:Wikiversity development]]
[[Category:Exploring Wikiversity as a community builder]]
[[Category:Wikiversity task forces]]</text>
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[[File:Wikiversity Administrator.svg|120px|left|link=]]

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;big&gt;&lt;u&gt;'''Welcome to the Wikiversity Maintenance Hub!'''&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
'''Maintenance''' is one of the most important things that anyone can do at Wikiversity, along with ''teaching'', ''learning'' and ''researching''. Wikiversity constantly needs people to maintain the site, and '''''anyone can get involved in maintaining Wikiversity'''''. You don't have to ask - you can just pick some open tasks and get on with the job! Below you can find plenty of information and links to start you off with your maintenance &quot;career&quot; here. When you become better at maintenance tasks, you can start to identify new tasks that need doing and add them to the lists and categories.

If you stay around Wikiversity for long, and especially if you take part in maintenance, you'll soon come across the term [[Wikiversity:Custodians|custodian]], which is what we call an &quot;admin&quot; or someone with &quot;sysop privileges&quot;. Custodians have access to a few extra options on the MediaWiki interface, which enable them to do some maintenance operations faster, and do other maintenance operations which might have more radical effects on Wikiversity. For example, custodians can delete pages and block disruptive users. These operations are things which it is generally felt that not everyone should have access to. If you find a job which needs a custodian, then feel welcome to ask one! (There are also other strata of [[Wikiversity:User access levels|user rights]], including other types of [[Wikiversity:Support staff|support staff]].)

Sometimes people decide it might be a nice idea to become a &quot;custodian&quot; themselves. If you want to: here's a quick how-to. '''First''', realise that custodians (or admins) do a lot of pretty unpleasant boring jobs and end up sacrificing a lot of their family/holiday time. It's hardly a prestigious job. '''Secondly''', before you even think of applying, get experience with a lot of the maintenance jobs below which ''anyone'' can do. This is a good way to show that you are suitable material for doing chores! But remember: if you enjoy making Wikiversity a better place by maintaining it, you don't have to be a custodian. Quite the opposite: ordinary users are especially welcome at the maintenance hub, and we hope the majority of people who come here will be ordinary users who just enjoy taking a few minutes to make Wikiversity a better place for everyone.

Oh - and finally, an especially big thank you to everyone who participates at the maintenance hub:

&lt;div align=center style=&quot;font-size:22px; line-height=7em;&quot;&gt;
[[Image:Nuvola apps kuickshow.png|72px|link=]]
'''Thank you!'''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;inputbox&gt;	
type=search
width=20
namespaces=Help**,Wikiversity,Template
searchbuttonlabel=Search help pages
bgcolor=transparent
break=no
&lt;/inputbox&gt;
{{RoundBoxBottom}}
{{Administering Wikiversity}}

== Ongoing tasks and taskforces ==
''These are things that anyone can help with.''

* {{tl|Opentask}} - this is a template of open tasks which some users keep on their user pages; update it to keep users informed of ongoing activity.
* [[WV:Categories|Category Maintenance Taskforce]] - maintaining and updating [[Special:Categories|Categories]] from the {{cl|Categories|top level}} down through the [[Special:CategoryTree|CategoryTree]]
* [[WV:Templates|Template Taskforce]] - Checking, improving, creating, testing and implementing [[WV:FAQ/Template|template]]s used at Wikiversity
* [[Wikiversity:Main page learning project|Main page learning project]] - a project to keep the main page active and useful.
* [[WV:Introduction Overhaul Taskforce|Introduction Overhaul Taskforce]] - a task force which deals with introducing Wikiversity to newcomers.
* [[WV:Welcoming committee|Welcoming committee]]: an informal group of contributors who welcome new users and help them get started.
* [[WV:Candidates for Custodianship|Candidates for Custodianship]] - view and comment on recent candidacies
* [[WV:Custodian feedback|Custodian feedback]] - are existing custodians doing a good job?
* [[WV:Participants|Participants]] - the participants list will need updating regularly - at least once a month - with recently very active editors and other significant information about participants.

== Cleanup and maintenance categories ==
''These are more things that anyone can help with.''

* {{cl|Stubs}}
* {{cl|Wikiversity cleanup}}
* {{cl|Category maintenance}}
* {{cl|Merge proposals}}
* {{cl|Pages in need of proofreading}}
* {{cl|Pages of unknown use}}
* {{cl|Pages needing to be renamed}}
* [[Special:DoubleRedirects|Cleanup double redirects]] (note: see [[User:Mu301Bot]] for automated cleanup test)
* {{cl|Move to Wikimedia Commons}}

==Ongoing tasks for custodians==
Many of these tasks depend on some degree of involvement by [[WV:Who are Wikiversity participants?|ordinary Wikiversity participants]], such as proposing items for addition to these lists, and commenting on them.

* {{cl|Candidates for speedy deletion}}
* [[WV:Requests for Deletion|Requests for deletion]]: custodians normally only delete if user discussion favors it.
* {{cl|Possible copyright violations|Copyright violations}}: users can track down possible copyright problems and ask uploaders to clarify copyright status where a problem may exist. Pages can be added to this category with {{tl|copyrighted}} so that custodians know action is requested.
* [[WV:Request custodian action|Requests for custodian action]]
* [[WV:Notices for custodians|Notices for custodians]]: very much like &quot;requests for custodian action&quot;, except that it gets overlooked.
* [[Managing vandalism]]: a course which anyone can take, but especially valuable for custodians.
* {{cl|Pages needing to be renamed}}
* Monitor [[Special:Shortpages]] for pages that have been blanked - rollback and use discretion in dealing with the vandal.

== Making it easy for yourself to help maintain Wikiversity ==

We have a great template which you can add to your user page.

{{tl|Administering Wikiversity}}

Type in the above at the top of your user page, and you can have a nice colourful sidebar full of useful links to key administrative pages, including this one.

== Related pages ==
''Reading material for people interested in maintenance issues.''
* [[Wikiversity:Centralized discussions|Discussions]]
* [[Wikiversity:Bots|Bots]]
* [[Wikiversity:Polls|Polls]]
* [[Wikiversity:Policies|Policies]]
* [[Wikiversity:Custodianship|Custodianship policy]]
* [[Wikiversity:List of custodian mentors|Custodian mentors]]  
* [[Wikiversity:Review board|Referees / Review Board]]
* [[Wikiversity:Archive|Archive]]

== See also ==

* [[Portal: Wikiversity]]

[[Category:Wikiversity maintenance]]
[[Category:Wikiversity development]]
[[Category:Exploring Wikiversity as a community builder]]
[[Category:Wikiversity task forces]]</text>
      <sha1>4q2gvie8ja7u8innv2rgmoyto1ej0mp</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikiversity:D</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>7221</id>
    <redirect title="Wikiversity:Deletion policy" />
    <revision>
      <id>2810079</id>
      <parentid>1659055</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T10:36:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Changed redirect target from [[Wikiversity:Deletions]] to [[Wikiversity:Deletion policy]]</comment>
      <origin>2810079</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="41" sha1="d5381rkeftuqlml899a19j7urir7b3s" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Wikiversity:Deletion policy]]</text>
      <sha1>d5381rkeftuqlml899a19j7urir7b3s</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Copyrighted</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>8615</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2810101</id>
      <parentid>2792733</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T10:58:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Update link</comment>
      <origin>2810101</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1427" sha1="ah0nxl4ek31jm9fgamgb2d364uxs0gn" xml:space="preserve">{{ambox
| image = [[File:Copyrightstatusquestion.svg|80x80px|link=]]
| text = {{#if:{{{1|{{{url|}}}}}}|{{{1|{{{url}}}}}} is believed to own the copyrights to this work.}} '''[[Foundation:Terms of use|Permission to use]] this work under the [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ CC-BY-SA 4.0] license is needed soon for it to remain at Wikiversity according to [[Wikiversity:Deletion policy|policy]]'''. If you have or intend to obtain permission, please use {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{TALKSPACE}}|this discussion page|the [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|discussion page]]}} to let us know.
----
Please also notify the primary contributors:
: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{subst:&lt;/nowiki&gt;[[Template:no thanks|no thanks]]&lt;nowiki&gt;|pg=&lt;/nowiki&gt;{{FULLPAGENAME}}&lt;nowiki&gt;|url=&lt;/nowiki&gt;{{{1|{{{url}}}}}}&lt;nowiki&gt;}} ~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;nbsp;''
}}&lt;includeonly&gt;[[Category:Possible copyright violations]]&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
== About ==
Pages are placed in [[:Category:Possible copyright violations]].

== Usage ==
&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{copyrighted|url=sourceurl}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;, where sourceurl is the full url of the page from which the content was taken, including &quot;http://&quot;.

== Example ==
&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{copyrighted|url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Db-copyvio}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;

[[Category:Copyright issues templates‎]]
[[Category:Deletion templates]]
[[Category:Page flag templates]]

[[fr:Modèle:Copie de site]]
[[es:Plantilla:Copyvio]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Db-meta</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>8616</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2810102</id>
      <parentid>2792719</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T10:59:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Update link</comment>
      <origin>2810102</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1157" sha1="733ljj07phnqun8avpv0t653hmlrv77" xml:space="preserve">{{ambox
|type=delete
|text=The {{lc:{{NAMESPACE}}}} may qualify for [[Wikiversity:Deletion policy|deletion]] because {{{reason|{{{1|}}}}}}&lt;br/&gt;{{#ifeq:{{{self}}}
|yes
|If you disagree, please remove this notice.&lt;br /&gt;
|If you disagree or intend to fix it, and '''you have not contributed to it before''', you may remove this notice. If you have contributed before and disagree, please explain why on {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}
 |{{TALKSPACE}}
 |this discussion page
 |[[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|its discussion page]]
}}, after adding &lt;kbd&gt;{{Tl|hangon}}&lt;/kbd&gt; to the top of the {{lc:{{NAMESPACE}}}}. This will alert custodians to your intention, and may permit you the time to write your explanation.
}}
----
&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;''Before [{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|action=delete}} deleting] check [[Special:Whatlinkshere/{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|what links here]], [{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|action=history}} history] ([{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|diff=0}} last edit]), the [{{fullurl:Special:Log|page={{SUBJECTPAGENAMEE}}}} page log], and [[Wikiversity:Deletions]]. {{{notes|}}}''&lt;/span&gt;
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
[[Category:Deletion templates|M{{PAGENAME}}]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>733ljj07phnqun8avpv0t653hmlrv77</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2810113</id>
      <parentid>2810102</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T11:12:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Update link</comment>
      <origin>2810113</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1163" sha1="mhelutkhsgb40z8eximhl7mn8oj018c" xml:space="preserve">{{ambox
|type=delete
|text=The {{lc:{{NAMESPACE}}}} may qualify for [[Wikiversity:Deletion policy|deletion]] because {{{reason|{{{1|}}}}}}&lt;br/&gt;{{#ifeq:{{{self}}}
|yes
|If you disagree, please remove this notice.&lt;br /&gt;
|If you disagree or intend to fix it, and '''you have not contributed to it before''', you may remove this notice. If you have contributed before and disagree, please explain why on {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}
 |{{TALKSPACE}}
 |this discussion page
 |[[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|its discussion page]]
}}, after adding &lt;kbd&gt;{{Tl|hangon}}&lt;/kbd&gt; to the top of the {{lc:{{NAMESPACE}}}}. This will alert custodians to your intention, and may permit you the time to write your explanation.
}}
----
&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;''Before [{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|action=delete}} deleting] check [[Special:Whatlinkshere/{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|what links here]], [{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|action=history}} history] ([{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|diff=0}} last edit]), the [{{fullurl:Special:Log|page={{SUBJECTPAGENAMEE}}}} page log], and [[Wikiversity:Deletion policy]]. {{{notes|}}}''&lt;/span&gt;
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
[[Category:Deletion templates|M{{PAGENAME}}]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>mhelutkhsgb40z8eximhl7mn8oj018c</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikiversity:Bureaucratship</title>
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    <revision>
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      <parentid>2809324</parentid>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Policy approved [[Special:PermanentLink/2809954#Wikiversity:Bureaucratship to become a policy]]</comment>
      <origin>2809955</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5136" sha1="fsphextqp5tztn83hrjgfcoxblg0le0" xml:space="preserve">{{policy|WV:B|WV:BUR|WV:CRAT|WV:BCRAT}}
[[File:Wikiversity Bureaucrat.svg|right|130px|link=]]

'''Bureaucrats''' are part of [[Wikiversity]]'s [[Wikiversity:Support staff|support staff]]. They can promote users to [[Wikiversity:Custodianship|custodian]] or bureaucrat status, and grant or revoke [[Wikiversity:Curatorship|curator]], [[Wikiversity:Bots|bot]], and [[Wikiversity:Interface administrators|interface administrator]] permissions.

== A bureaucrat's role ==
First and foremost, bureaucrats must be well-trusted members of the community. They must have a deep understanding of [[Wikiversity:Mission|Wikiversity's mission]] and processes, and must be excellent judges of [[Wikiversity:Consensus|consensus]]. They must demonstrate through their extensive contributions to Wikiversity that they are not rash in decision-making, nor uncivil to others, even those whom they are in disagreement with. They must also have the ability and willingness to thoroughly explain decisions that they make, as well as to admit fault, where appropriate.

Bureaucrats ''do not'' have the right to use their status to appropriate any undue influence in community discussions - their participation in such activities is on a par with any other community member, insofar as is possible. Whatever influence they may have should be akin to that of any other community member, according to the weight of their opinions or their previous participation in the project.

Bureaucrats are expected to follow the same policies as [[Wikiversity:Curatorship|curators]] and [[Wikiversity:Custodianship|custodians]].

== A bureaucrat's duties ==
Bureaucrats can add users to the [[Wikiversity:Curatorship|curator]], [[Wikiversity:Custodianship|custodian]], bureaucrat, [[Wikiversity:Bots|bot]], and/or [[Wikiversity:Interface administrators|interface administrator]] groups (via [[Special:UserRights]] - [[Special:Log/rights]]). Bureaucrats act as the final interpreter of consensus and are charged with the responsibility of declaring at an appropriate time, whether a custodian, bureaucrat, bot, or interface administrator candidate is granted a user group change or otherwise. Bureaucrats should respect the Wikiversity community's decision on these particular matters. This management process is intended to streamline processing of requests for user group changes, and to minimize ambiguity introduced to the process when non-bureaucrats intervene. However, note that custodians can determine consensus and add user group permissions for curator requests.

Bureaucrats should be careful about making mistakes in adding user rights because only curator, bot, and interface administrator groups can be removed by bureaucrats. To remove custodian or bureaucrat rights requires a [[m:Stewards|steward]] to do so.

== How can I question a bureaucrat's decision? ==
You can ask on a bureaucrat's [[Help:User talk page|user talk page]], request [[Wikiversity:Custodian feedback|feedback]] from other custodians and bureaucrats, or start a [[Wikiversity:Community Review|community review]]. The order is important, it reflects the order in which you should attempt to resolve a problem.

== How are bureaucrats created? ==
Bureaucrats can be nominated at [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Bureaucratship]]. However, no mentor is required. Nominations should be [[Wikiversity:Announcements|announced]] ([[MediaWiki:Sitenotice|site wide]]), and kept open for a period of '''at least two weeks''' before being acted upon. There needs to be '''a very strong majority''' of users in support of the decision to add or remove a candidate from the ''bureaucrat'' group.

== How are bureaucrats removed? ==
There are three ways:
# A bureaucrat can request removal of their tools from [[m:Steward requests/Permissions|stewards]].
# Requests for bureaucrat removal by others (unless it's an emergency) should first go through the process of talk page discussion, [[Wikiversity:Custodian feedback|custodian feedback request]], and [[Wikiversity:Community Review|community review]]. The final act would be a [[m:Steward requests/Permissions|request to stewards]] to remove the ''bureaucrat'' group from a user.
# The maximum time period of inactivity &lt;u&gt;without community review&lt;/u&gt; for holders of advanced administrative rights is two years per the [[:meta:Category:Global policies|global policy]] described at [[meta:Admin activity review|Admin activity review]]. After that time, a [[meta:Steward requests/Permissions|steward will be asked to remove the rights]].

==See also==
;Wikiversity
* [[Wikiversity:CheckUser policy]]
* [[Wikiversity:Curatorship]]
* [[Wikiversity:Custodianship]]
* [[Special:ListUsers/bureaucrat|List of current Wikiversity bureaucrats]]
* [[Wikiversity:Colloquium/archives/December 2006#Bureaucrats]]

;Sister wikis
* [[w:Wikipedia:Bureaucrats|Wikipedia:Bureaucrats]]
* [[meta:Bureaucrat|Meta:Bureaucrat]]
* [[b:Wikibooks:Administrators|Wikibooks:Administrators]]
* [[wikinews:Wikinews:Administrators|Wikinews:Administrators]]

{{Official policies}}
{{Proposed policies}}

[[Category:Wikiversity bureaucratship| ]]
[[de:Wikiversity:Pedelle#Bürokraten]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Wikinews</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>15155</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2810032</id>
      <parentid>2809476</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T02:13:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Content that needs review */ Remove page now in user space</comment>
      <origin>2810032</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4424" sha1="1x54uouw72e9pt3f2r8917g1s9toqpm" xml:space="preserve">==Background==
[[File:Wikinews-logo.svg|200px|right]]

[[n:|Wikinews]] was a free-content news source wiki project of the [[Wikimedia Foundation]] (2005-2026). Wikinews allowed anyone to report news on a wide variety of subjects. Its mission, as stated on the main page of the English version, was to ''&quot;create a diverse environment where [[citizen journalism|citizen journalists]] can independently report the news on a wide variety of current events&quot;''.

Wikinews was closed to editing and new content on 4 May 2026 because the project &quot;wasn’t able to fulfil its promise, and many of its functions were eclipsed by the notable news coverage in Wikipedias&quot;.[https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=30328679#Board_of_Trustees_Approves_Closure_of_Wikinews] The foundation stated in its closure recommendation that it is &quot;difficult to claim that it is disseminating educational content and, even more so, that it is doing so effectively and globally.&quot; [[meta:Wikimedia_Foundation_Community_Affairs_Committee/Sister_Projects_Task_Force/Results_of_the_consultation_about_Wikispore_and_Wikinews#Discussion|Specific criticisms]] included that Wikinews lacked a clear focus or consistent purposes (neither serving as an encyclopedic news summary nor excellent at original reporting) and that it was the least active sister project, with diminishing engagement. There was mixed opinion about the suitability of curating news in a wiki format.

Wikinews remains publicly accessible for reading, reference, and dump downloading. There were 31 editions (different languages) of Wikinews. Some Wikinews language projects have been merged into Wikipedias. There were also proposals for different forms of WMF-based news such as [[meta:Wikinews Pulse|Wikinews Pulse]], based on Wikidata.

Wikinews was a great place to hone your journalistic skills in a live public, neutral environment. Unlike many citizen journalism sites, Wikinews is written in the Neutral Point of View (NPOV), which means reporters there often strive for '''professionalism in reporting, with consideration for truth, fairness, balance, decency and ethics'''. There were regular reporters there, who were often credited for their work.

[[w:User:Eloquence|Erik Möller]], the deputy CEO of the Foundation (2010), is generally credited with being instrumental in getting the project off the ground. With a focus on news, the project was frequently overshadowed by current events on Wikipedia - which, naturally, attracted a far larger contributor base. There were stark differences between &quot;The Free Encyclopedia you can Write&quot;, and &quot;The Free News Source you can Write&quot;. Encyclopedic articles are continually developing, whereas news articles are a snapshot of what is known at a point in time.

Through negotiation with Google News, project bureaucrat [[n:Brian McNeil|Brian McNeil]] successfully arranged listing of the English-language ''Wikinews'' project in Google's index-cum-aggregator; adopting the Wikimedia extension for Flagged Revisions, and technically implementing a formal peer review process which paralleled that of traditional journalism to meet Google's requirements and address a perennial contributor gripe.

This, by-and-large, made Wikinews a unique publisher of [[Citizen journalism]].

== Discussion questions ==
* What societal benefits can citizen journalism provide? 

==Proposal to host Wikinews on Wikiversity==
There is a current proposal under consideration to continue citizen journalism learning activities on Wikiversity [[Wikiversity:Colloquium#Proposal to rehost Wikinews here]].

== Content that needs review ==
* [[Wikinews/How to write a Wikinews article]]

==See also==
* [[n:Main page|Wikinews]], a now-closed sister project of Wikiversity
** [[n:Wikinews:Aims of Wikinews|Aims of Wikinews]]
** [[n:Public consultation about Wikinews|Public consultation about Wikinews]] (Wikinews)
** [[n:Wikimedia Foundation closes Wikinews after 21 years|Wikimedia Foundation closes Wikinews after 21 years]] (Wikinews)
* [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=30328679#Board_of_Trustees_Approves_Closure_of_Wikinews Board of Trustees Approves Closure of Wikinews] (Meta-Wiki)
* [[School:Journalism|School of Journalism]]
* Wikipedia
** [[w:Portal:Current events|Portal:Current events]]
** [[w:Wikipedia:NOTNEWS]]
* Wikiversity
** [[School:Journalism|Journalism]]
* [[New journalism]]
* [[Blogging]]

[[Category:Wikinews| ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Portal:Social Sciences/Related Portals</title>
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    <revision>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Remove red link</comment>
      <origin>2809960</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="154" sha1="o12to3deygbbl68t7pv7guznh36yi26" xml:space="preserve">* [[Portal:Anthropology]]
* [[Portal:History]]
* [[Portal:Humanities]]
* [[Portal:Interdisciplinary Studies]]
* [[School:History]]
* [[School:Psychology]]</text>
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    <title>Template:Official policies</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+ [[Wikiversity:Bureaucratship|Bureaucratship]] - it is now a policy</comment>
      <origin>2809957</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="1040" sha1="nwibuathlufnl16omcxdlvfimwy7i85" xml:space="preserve">{{Navbox
|name  = Official policies
|title = [[Wikiversity:Policies|Official policies]]
|list1 = &lt;div&gt;
[[Wikiversity:Assume Good Faith|Assume Good Faith]] ·
[[Wikiversity:Be bold|Be bold]] ·
[[Wikiversity:Bureaucratship|Bureaucratship]] ·
[[Wikiversity:Civility|Civility]] ·
[[Wikiversity:Curators|Curators]] ·
[[Wikiversity:Uploading files#Exemption Doctrine Policy|Exemption doctrine]] ·
[[Wikiversity:Reliable sources|Reliable sources]] ·
[[betawikiversity:Wikiversity:Research guidelines/En|Research guidelines]] ·
[[Wikiversity:Verifiability|Verifiability]] ·
[[Wikiversity:What is Wikiversity?|What is Wikiversity]] ·
[[Wikiversity:Community Review Policy|Community Review]] ·
[[Wikiversity:Bots|Bots]] ·
[[Wikiversity:CheckUser policy|CheckUser policy]] ·
[[Wikiversity:Custodianship|Custodianship]] ·
[[Wikiversity:Interface administrators|Interface administrators]] ·
[[Wikiversity:Privacy policy|Privacy]] ·
[[Wikiversity:Rollback|Rollback]]
&lt;/div&gt;
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;

[[Category:Wikiversity policy boxes]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:Proposed policies</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-17T22:13:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>- [[Wikiversity:Bureaucratship|Bureaucratship]] - it is now a policy</comment>
      <origin>2809956</origin>
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      <text bytes="1589" sha1="h03uo0cgwz3z7yzhkpbdxzjw9hf7mly" xml:space="preserve">{{Navbox
| name  = Proposed policies
| title = [[Wikiversity:Policies|Proposed policies]]
| list1 = &lt;div&gt;
[[Wikiversity:Academic freedom|Academic freedom]] ·
[[Wikiversity:Blocking policy|Blocking policy]] ·
[[Wikiversity:Catalyst|Catalyst]] ·
[[Wikiversity:Chat##wikiversity-en|Chat channel policy]] ·
[[Wikiversity:Child protection policy|Child protection policy]] ·
[[Wikiversity:Cite sources|Cite sources]] ·
[[Wikiversity:Course Titles and Numbers|Course Titles and Numbers]] ·
[[Wikiversity:Course protection policy|Course protection policy]] ·
[[Wikiversity:Deletions|Deletions]] ·
[[Wikiversity:Disclosures|Disclosures]] ·
[[Wikiversity:External links|External links]] ·
[[Wikiversity:Make no assumptions|Make no assumptions]] ·
[[Wikiversity:Manual of Style|Manual of Style]] ·
[[Wikiversity:Naming conventions|Naming conventions]] ·
[[Wikiversity:Network naming conventions|Network naming conventions]] ·
[[Wikiversity:Original research|Original research]] ·
[[Wikiversity:Page protection templates|Page protection templates]] ·
[[Wikiversity:Polls|Polls]] ·
[[Wikiversity:Respect people|Respect people]] ·
[[Wikiversity:Productive Forking and Tailoring is Encouraged|Productive Forking and Tailoring is Encouraged]] ·
[[Wikiversity:Scholarly ethics|Scholarly ethics]] ·
[[Wikiversity:Subpages|Subpages]] ·
[[Wikiversity:Username|Username]] ·
[[Wikiversity:User page|User page]] ·
[[Wikiversity:Vandalism|Vandalism]] ·
[[Wikiversity:What Wikiversity is not|What Wikiversity is not]]
&lt;/div&gt;
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
[[Category:Wikiversity policy boxes]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>h03uo0cgwz3z7yzhkpbdxzjw9hf7mly</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2810085</id>
      <parentid>2809956</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T10:43:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Update link</comment>
      <origin>2810085</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1601" sha1="plzwn7igct76htxnwdnthwynp2abrxz" xml:space="preserve">{{Navbox
| name  = Proposed policies
| title = [[Wikiversity:Policies|Proposed policies]]
| list1 = &lt;div&gt;
[[Wikiversity:Academic freedom|Academic freedom]] ·
[[Wikiversity:Blocking policy|Blocking policy]] ·
[[Wikiversity:Catalyst|Catalyst]] ·
[[Wikiversity:Chat##wikiversity-en|Chat channel policy]] ·
[[Wikiversity:Child protection policy|Child protection policy]] ·
[[Wikiversity:Cite sources|Cite sources]] ·
[[Wikiversity:Course Titles and Numbers|Course Titles and Numbers]] ·
[[Wikiversity:Course protection policy|Course protection policy]] ·
[[Wikiversity:Deletion policy|Deletion policy]] ·
[[Wikiversity:Disclosures|Disclosures]] ·
[[Wikiversity:External links|External links]] ·
[[Wikiversity:Make no assumptions|Make no assumptions]] ·
[[Wikiversity:Manual of Style|Manual of Style]] ·
[[Wikiversity:Naming conventions|Naming conventions]] ·
[[Wikiversity:Network naming conventions|Network naming conventions]] ·
[[Wikiversity:Original research|Original research]] ·
[[Wikiversity:Page protection templates|Page protection templates]] ·
[[Wikiversity:Polls|Polls]] ·
[[Wikiversity:Respect people|Respect people]] ·
[[Wikiversity:Productive Forking and Tailoring is Encouraged|Productive Forking and Tailoring is Encouraged]] ·
[[Wikiversity:Scholarly ethics|Scholarly ethics]] ·
[[Wikiversity:Subpages|Subpages]] ·
[[Wikiversity:Username|Username]] ·
[[Wikiversity:User page|User page]] ·
[[Wikiversity:Vandalism|Vandalism]] ·
[[Wikiversity:What Wikiversity is not|What Wikiversity is not]]
&lt;/div&gt;
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
[[Category:Wikiversity policy boxes]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>plzwn7igct76htxnwdnthwynp2abrxz</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>MediaWiki:Sitenotice id</title>
    <ns>8</ns>
    <id>37502</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2810025</id>
      <parentid>2809038</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T02:00:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+1</comment>
      <origin>2810025</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3" sha1="bghj9veatdhte03utuvpyfkibtsbg76" xml:space="preserve">111</text>
      <sha1>bghj9veatdhte03utuvpyfkibtsbg76</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikiversity:Criteria for speedy deletion</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>37580</id>
    <redirect title="Wikiversity:Deletion policy" />
    <revision>
      <id>2810090</id>
      <parentid>870536</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T10:52:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Update link</comment>
      <origin>2810090</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="70" sha1="2av7kh3fkqqrmb83na2yr4hvj9t3lgn" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Wikiversity:Deletion policy#Criteria for speedy deletion]]</text>
      <sha1>2av7kh3fkqqrmb83na2yr4hvj9t3lgn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikiversity:Main Page/News</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>53432</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2809958</id>
      <parentid>2809743</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-17T22:15:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+ '''May 18''': '''''[[Wikiversity:Bureaucratship]]''''' [new policy]</comment>
      <origin>2809958</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="877" sha1="ncydlb2kdkfqtcgb146d4udj55zd6sz" xml:space="preserve">'''2026'''
* '''May 18''': '''''[[Wikiversity:Bureaucratship]]''''' [new policy]
* '''May 9''': '''''[[Wikiversity:Curators]]''''' [new policy]
* '''April 18''': '''''[[Wikiversity:Artificial intelligence]]''''' [new policy]
* '''January 11''': '''''[[The Gambling King of Baltimore: Doc Slater 1837-1902]]''''' [new article]
* '''January 2''': [[ChatGPT's Essay on Kohlberg's Theory: AI's Use in Academic Writing|'''''ChatGPT's Essay on Kohlberg's Theory: AI's Use in Academic Writing''''']] [new article]

'''2025'''
* '''December 16:''' '''''[[Engineering thermodynamics/Quizzes/Turbine and compressor problems|Turbine and compressor problems]]''''' [new quiz]
* '''December 4:''' '''''[[Association Between Screen Time and Sleep: An Online Survey]]''''' [new article]
&lt;noinclude&gt;
[[Category:Main page templates]]
[[Category:News]]
[[Category:Wikiversity news]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ncydlb2kdkfqtcgb146d4udj55zd6sz</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:Jtneill/Wikiversity</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>56061</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2810028</id>
      <parentid>2808995</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T02:05:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Special */ [[Special:ShortPages]]</comment>
      <origin>2810028</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="16884" sha1="og4wpvy090fp9fpoidub7nz8fq8jp7a" xml:space="preserve">{{TOCright}}
''A loose, personal (i.e., somewhat idiosynchratic) organisation of Wikiversity-related how-tos and links.''
==To sort==
{|style=&quot;background:transparent;&quot;
|valign=top|
* [http://tools.wikimedia.de/~magnus/commonshelper.php commonshelper]
* [[User:Jtneill/Wikification|Wikification]]
* [[w:Help:Interwiki_linking#Project_titles_and_shortcuts|Interwiki linking]]
* [[Wikiversity:Activity bars]]
* [[Wikiversity:Percent complete]]
|valign=top|
* [[Wikiversity:Import|import]]
* [[Wikiversity:Maintenance]]
* [[Wikiversity:Namespaces]]
* [[Wikiversity:Naming conventions]]
|valign=top|
* [[Wikiversity:Participants]]
* [[Wikiversity:Peer review]]
* [[Wikiversity:Review board]]
* [[Wikiversity:Searching]]
* [[How to be a Wikimedia sysop]]
|}

==Anchor==
* [[Template:Anchor]], e.g., [[#test]] will go to &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{anchor|test}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{anchor|anchor=test}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; (should go to end of page)

==Archiving==
* Example of autoarchiving: [[User talk:Terra]]

==Blogging==
* [[Wikiversity Blog howto]]

==Boxes==
[[User:Jtneill/Sandbox/Tables and boxes]]

The simplest of boxes

{| class=&quot;messagebox&quot;
|-
| ABC
XYZ
|}

&lt;blockquote style=&quot;padding-left:1.0em; padding-right:1.0em; background-color:#eaf8f4;&quot;&gt;
Its good that it works in practice, because it certainly doesn’t work in theory[https://blogs.ch.cam.ac.uk/pmr/2007/10/14/the-thing-about-wikipedia-is-that-it-only-works-in-practice-in-theory-it-can-never-work/] 
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

==Categories==
It is possible to change the order in which a page’s categories are displayed. By default, categories are displayed in the order they appear in the wikitext. Wikis with a consensus to do so can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|request]] a configuration change to display them in alphabetical order. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373480]

Using titleparts
&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Category:{{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|1}}]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;

==[[/Centering/]]==
{{User:Jtneill/Wikiversity/Centering}}

==Chat==
* [[irc:wikiversity-en|#wikiversity-en]]

==Citations and referencing==
* [[w:Help:Citation tools|Citation tools]]
* [[:Category:Citation templates]]
* [[mw:Help:Cite]]
* [[Template:Citation]]
* [[WV:REF]]
* Example: Outward Bound Process Model&lt;ref&gt;Walsh, V., &amp; Golins, G. L. (1976). ''[http://wilderdom.com/theory/OutwardBoundProcessModel.html The exploration of the Outward Bound process]''.  Denver, CO: Colorado Outward Bound School.&lt;/ref&gt;

;References
{{reflist|1}}

==Collapse boxes==
{{collapse top|Mary had a little lamb}}
Mary had a little lamb,
Little lamb, little lamb,
Mary had a little lamb,
Its fleece was white as snow

And everywhere that Mary went,
Mary went, Mary went,
Everywhere that Mary went
The lamb was sure to go

It followed her to school one day
School one day, school one day
It followed her to school one day
Which was against the rules.

It made the children laugh and play,
Laugh and play, laugh and play,
It made the children laugh and play
To see a lamb at school

And so the teacher turned it out,
Turned it out, turned it out,
And so the teacher turned it out,
But still it lingered near

And waited patiently about,
Patiently about, patiently about,
And waited patiently about
Till Mary did appear

&quot;Why does the lamb love Mary so?&quot;
Love Mary so? Love Mary so?
&quot;Why does the lamb love Mary so?&quot;
The eager children cry

&quot;Why, Mary loves the lamb, you know.&quot;
Loves the lamb, you know, loves the lamb, you know
&quot;Why, Mary loves the lamb, you know.&quot;
The teacher did reply
{{collapse bottom}}

==Colour==
* [[Wikiversity web page colors|Color tables]] | [[Wikiversity:Color names|Color names]]
* e.g., Font: {{font|color=green|Green}}, Background: &lt;span style=&quot;background:hotpink; color:white;&quot;&gt;Pink&lt;/span&gt;

==Columns==
===Column breaks===
{|
|-
| Works on all browsers (col-begin/break/end):
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
* Col1
{{col-break}}
* Col2
{{col-break}}
* Col3
{{col-end}}

Works on all browsers (col/break/colend):
{{col}}
{{break}}
* Col1
{{break}}
* Col2
{{break}}
* Col3
{{col/end}}
|}

===Moz-column===
Easier to use, but doesn't work on all browsers:
&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:3;-moz-column-count:3;-webkit-column-count:3&quot;&gt;
* Ant
* Bee
* Buzzard
* Cat
* Dog
* Egret
* Elephant
* Tiger
* Whale
* Worm
&lt;/div&gt;

==Conversions==
===HTML===
* [[w:Wikipedia:Tools/Editing_tools#From_HTML]]
* [http://www.ebruni.it/en/software/os/i_love_wiki/index.mpl i love wiki]
* {{tick}} [http://diberri.dyndns.org/wikipedia/html2wiki/index.html HTML::WikiConverter]
* {{tick}} [http://openfacts2.berlios.de/html2wiki/index.php HTML::WikiConverter]] Add URL

==CSS==
* [[MediaWiki:Common.css]]

==Custodianship==
* [[Wikiversity:Custodianship]]
** [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Custodianship]]
** [[Wikiversity:Notices for custodians]]
** [[Wikiversity:Request custodian action]]
** [[:Category:Wikiversity custodians]]

==Edit page==
Create an internal link to the edit source page using:
[[Special:EditPage/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Edit source]]

&lt;nowiki&gt;
{{edit page}}
&lt;/nowiki&gt;

gives:
{{edit page}}

&lt;nowiki&gt;
{{edit page box}}
&lt;/nowiki&gt;

gives:
{{edit page box}}

==Extensions==
* [[Special:Version#Extensions]]
* [[/CategoryTree|CategoryTree]]
* [http://www.sandboxserver.org/wiki/index.php?title=Testing_Mediawiki_extensions Sandbox server - testing extensions]
* [[User:Jtneill/WYSIWIG|WYSIWIG]]

==Font==
&lt;p&gt;{{font|face=&quot;courier&quot;|size=medium|courier size 3}}&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;{{font|face=&quot;verdana&quot;|size=large|verdana size 4}}&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;{{font|face=&quot;arial&quot;|size=x-large|arial size 5}}&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;{{font|face=&quot;times new roman&quot;|size=xx-large|times new roman size 6}}&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;{{font|face=&quot;verdana&quot;|size=xx-large|verdana bold size 6}}&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;{{font|face=&quot;lucida calligraphy&quot;|size=xx-large|lucida calligraphy size 7}}&lt;/p&gt;

==Formatting==
===Justification===
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt; This text is right justified (but it doesn't look like unless the paragraph is long enough to go over one line on the page, so this is intentionally a particularly and unnecessarily long sentence in order to demonstrate right justification using &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;...&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;).&lt;/div&gt;
==Line height==
{{center top}}&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 36px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;This uses a&lt;br&gt;line height of 36px&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 36px;&quot;&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
{{center bottom}}
===Mouse-over===
* [[Help:Mouse-over]]
* [[Template:H:title]]

==Getting started==
* [[Wikiversity:Guided tour|Guided tour]]
* [[Wikiversity:Introduction|Introduction]] (Wikiversity)
* [[/Introduction|Introduction]] (Jtneill)
* [[/Welcome|Welcome]] (Jtneill)
* [[Introduction to Wiki]] - [[Wiki 101]]
* [[How to use wiki technology as a free learner]]
* [[:Image:Short.ogg|Wikiversity - short intro]] (10 sec. video)
* [[:Image:Editing_tutorial-large.ogg|Wikiversity editing tutorial]] (2 min video)
* [[Wikiversity:Community Portal]]
* [[Wikiversity:Content development]]
* [[Help:Edit summary]]
* [[Making links]]

==Good design==
* [[User:Jtneill/Good design]]

==Icons==
* [[Help:Icons]]
* [[User:McCormack/icons]]

==Images==
===[[Template:Gallery|Gallery]]===
{{Gallery
|title=Gallery of images
|footer=Uses this [[Template:Gallery|template]]
|width=150
|lines=2
||Comment
|File:Wikiversity-logo-Snorky.svg|[[Help:Contents/Links|Links]] can be put in captions.
|File:Wikiversity-logo-Snorky.svg|Full [[MediaWiki]]&lt;br /&gt;[[syntax]] may be used…
|File:Wikiversity-logo-Snorky.svg|
}}

&lt;!-- Fixed image in bottom right which is linked --&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;template-navbar&quot; style=&quot;position: fixed; left:1; right:0; bottom:0; padding:0; font-size:122%;&quot;&gt;[[Image:Happy.png|right|50px|link=en:Happiness|Happiness]]&lt;/div&gt;

===ImageMap===
* [[mw:Extension:ImageMap|Extension ImageMap]] e.g.,
{{center top}}
&lt;imagemap&gt;File:Treasurchest.svg|center|80px
default [[Special:Random/|Random Wikiversity mainspace page]]
desc none&lt;/imagemap&gt;Click the treasure box to go to a random [[Wikiversity]] page{{center bottom}}

;Explanation

The ImageMap extension allows, among other things, an image to link directly to a page e.g., as an internal link:
&lt;imagemap&gt;
File:Treasurchest.svg|center|150px|alt=Alt text
default [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2015|Motivation and emotion Book - 2015]]
&lt;/imagemap&gt;

The syntax is:
&lt;pre style=&quot;overflow:auto&quot;&gt;
&lt;imagemap&gt;
File:Treasurchest.svg|center|150px|alt=Alt text
default [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2015|Motivation and emotion Book - 2015]]
&lt;/imagemap&gt;
&lt;/pre&gt;

or as an external link:
&lt;imagemap&gt;
File:Treasurchest.svg|center|150px|alt=Alt text
default [https://www.psychologytoday.com/basics/motivation Motivation (Psychology Today)]
&lt;/imagemap&gt;

The syntax is:
&lt;pre style=&quot;overflow:auto&quot;&gt;
&lt;imagemap&gt;
File:Treasurchest.svg|center|150px|alt=Alt text
default [https://www.psychologytoday.com/basics/motivation Motivation (Psychology Today)]
&lt;/imagemap&gt;
&lt;/pre&gt;

==Integrations==
I'm interested to explore possible connections between WV and:
* [http://archive.org Archive.org]
* [[w:Citizendium|Citizendium]]
* [[w:Google Groups]]
* [[Moodle]]
* [[Open University]]
* [http://openlearn.open.ac.uk/course/view.php?name=Cohere Cohere]
* [[WikiMedia Sister Projects]], particularly:
** [[Wikibooks]]
** [[Wikipedia]]
** [[Simple Wikipedia]]

==Licensing==
* My teaching materials are licensed under [[Wikiversity:License tags#Free licenses|creative commons attribution 2.5]] and hosted either on http://wilderdom.com or http://ucspace.canberra.edu.au. I am thinking I should be dual licensing, but am still coming to grips with trying to understand the licensing similarities, differences, and issues. 
* I plan to gradually transfer most of my teaching materials to the various [[w:WikiMedia Foundation|WikiMedia Foundation]] wiki projects, particularly wikiversity. [[m:Polls|Let's just hope Jimbo doesn't put adds on these sites]], otherwise I will be transferring the materials somewhere else (again).
* [http://beta.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wikiversity:IRC_meeting:New_licence_for_Wikiversity_Beta New_licence_for_Wikiversity_Beta]
* {{tl|db-copyvio}}
* {{tl|hangon}}
* [[:Category:Astronomy Images]]

==Links==
* Plain links: e.g., &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://archive.org http://archive.org]&lt;/span&gt;: &lt;br&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt; ... &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
* [[mw:Manual:Opening external links in a new window]]

==Long page warning==
* [[MediaWiki:Longpagewarning]]

==[[Main page]]==
* [[:Category:Main page templates]]
* [[Main Page/Layout 0.5]]
* &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity:Main_Page&amp;oldid=209253 Main page]&lt;/span&gt; (old)

==Map==
&lt;mapframe latitude=&quot;-28.420391&quot; longitude=&quot;136.757813&quot; zoom=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; height=&quot;109&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;{
  &quot;type&quot;: &quot;FeatureCollection&quot;,
  &quot;features&quot;: [
    {
      &quot;type&quot;: &quot;Feature&quot;,
      &quot;properties&quot;: {},
      &quot;geometry&quot;: {
        &quot;type&quot;: &quot;Point&quot;,
        &quot;coordinates&quot;: [
          149.12419,
          -35.308275
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}&lt;/mapframe&gt; 
==Namespaces==
* [[Special:NamespaceInfo]]

==Navigation==
{{nav|User:Jtneill}}
* [[Template:nav]]

==Notes==
Small e.g.,
{{attention}} &lt;small&gt;For calendar due dates, see unit outline.&lt;/small&gt;

Notice templates

{{Notice|{{tl|Notice}}}}
{{Note|{{tl|Note}}}}

==Notifications==
* [[Help:Notifications]]

==[[Project:Participants|Participants]]==
===Custodians===
{{user|Adambro}}&lt;br&gt;
{{user|CQ}}&lt;br&gt;
{{user|Cormaggio}}&lt;br&gt;
{{user|Draicone}}&lt;br&gt;
{{user|Erkan Yilmaz}}&lt;br&gt;
{{user|Gbaor}}&lt;br&gt;
{{user|Leighblackall}}&lt;br&gt;
{{user|McCormack}}&lt;br&gt;
{{user|Mike.lifeguard}}&lt;br&gt;
{{user|Mu301}}&lt;br&gt;
{{user|SB_Johnny}}

===Users===
*{{Participant|CQ}} - see Person of the Hour script

*{{Participant|Donek}}
*{{Participant|Dan Polansky}}

==Pedagogy==
* [[Learning by doing]]
* [[Wikiversity:Project incubator]]

==Policy==
* [[w:Wikipedia:Contributing_FAQ#Is_there_a_minimum_age_requirement_to_contribute_or_register.3F|Is there a minimum age requirement?]]
{{Official policies}}
{{Proposed policies}}

==Project boxes==
* [[Help:Resource attribution]]

==Purge==
To purge the cache for a given page, append this to the URL:
?action=purge

[[mw:Manual:Purge]]

==Quotes==
* [[Template:Quote]]
*

==[[Quizzes]]==
* [[Help:Quiz-Simple]]
* [http://www.qedoc.org/en/index.php?title=User:Jtneill My Qedoc user page]
** [http://eduforge.org/forum/forum.php?forum_id=1138 Qedoc now exports quizzes to Wikiversity]

==Referencing==
* [[meta:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing]]

==Sandbox==
* http://www.sandboxserver.org/
* [[Wikiversity:Sandbox Server]]
* [[Topic:Sandbox Server 0.5]]
* [http://scratchpad.wikia.com/wiki/Scratchpad_Wiki_Labs Scratchpad]
* [[../Sandbox]]

==Searching==
* [[Help:Google]]
* [[Wikiversity:Colloquium/archives/April 2008#Google search|Google search]] - &lt;nowiki&gt;[[google:wikiversity]]&lt;/nowiki&gt; [[google:wikiversity]]
* Use a + instead of a space

==Search multiple categories==
;Dual category search including one category with subcategories
Search for chapters which [[Template:Clarification templates|need clarification]]:
&lt;inputbox&gt;	
type=search
width=33
default=incategory:&quot;Resources needing clarification&quot;
namespaces=Main**
prefix=Motivation and emotion/Book
searchbuttonlabel=Search book chapters
bgcolor=transparent
break=no
&lt;/inputbox&gt;

==Sitenotice==
* [[MediaWiki:Sitenotice]]
* [[MediaWiki:Sitenotice id]]

==Size==

===Big/small===
* Use &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;big&gt;...&lt;/big&gt; - could be also &lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;...&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt; etc. and also &lt;small&gt;...&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;

===CSS===
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 200%&quot;&gt;200% text&lt;/div&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 200%&quot;&gt;200% text&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 150%&quot;&gt;150% text&lt;/div&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 150%&quot;&gt;150% text&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;

==Special==
* [[Special:SpecialPages]]
* Abuse
** [[Special:AbuseFilter]]
** [[Special:AbuseLog]]
* [[Special:Allpages]]
* [https://auth.wikimedia.org/enwikiversity/wiki/Special:CreateAccount Create account]
* [[Special:ListGroupRights]]
* [[Random]] - [[Special:Random]] - [[Wikiversity:Random]]
* [[Special:ShortPages]]
* [[Special:Version#Installed extensions]]

==Strategy==
* [[Wikiversity:Publicity]]
* [[Wikiversity:Vision]]
* [[Wikiversity:Vision 2009]]

==Statistics==
* [[Wikiversity:Statistics]]
* [[Google Search and Wikiversity]]
* [http://wikistics.falsikon.de/latest/wikiversity/en/ Monthly page hits for wikiversity.en]
* [http://gtools.org/tool/wikipedia-edit-counter/?str=jtneill&amp;project=en.wikiversity Jtneill edit count]
* https://xtools.wmcloud.org/pageinfo/en.wikiversity.org/
* [[Special:Impact]] - [[w:Special:Impact]]

==Sub-pages==
* [[Special:Prefixindex/User:Jtneill]]
* Transclude:
** &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Special:Prefixindex/User:Jtneill}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
** &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Special:Prefixindex/{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;

==Stubs==
* [[:Category:Stub templates]]

==Structure==
* [[Wikiversity:Browse/Concept]]

==Symbols==
🟨🟡⭐💛🟥⭕️❌🟦🔵🟩🟢✅
* [[User:VeronicaJeanAnderson]]

==System messages==
* [[Special:AllMessages]]
* [[#Sitenotice|Site notice]]

==Style==
* [[MoS]]
* [[MediaWiki:Common.css]]

==Tables==
* [[Help:Table]]
* [[User:Jtneill/Sandbox/Tables and boxes]]

==Tagging/notification==
* &lt;nowiki&gt;@[[User:UserName|UserName]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;
* &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ping|UserName}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;

==Templates==
===Page development===
* {{tl|welcome and expand}} - {{tl|we}}
* {{tl|main welcome}}
* {{tl|search}}
* {{tl|draft}}
* {{tl|underconstruction}}
* {{tl|Learning project boilerplate}}
* {{tl|info}}
* {{tl|note}}
* {{tl|notice}}
* {{tl|Nutshell}}
* &lt;nowiki&gt;{{notice|{{findsources}}}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;

===Page navigation===
* [[Template:EasyNavBar]]
* [[Template:Recovery psychology]] (example)
* [[Workshop for Australian education policy]] (example)

===Sister projects===
* [[Template:Sisterprojectsearch]]
* [[Template:Wikibooks]]
* [[Template:Wikipedia]]
* [[Template:Wikiversity]]

===User talk===
* {{tl|Welcomeip}}
* {{tl|Welcome}}
* {{tl|Talk header}}
* [[:Category:User warning templates]]

===Administrative===
* [[Template:Category redirect]]
* [[Template:Warning]]

==Theory==
* [[Learning by engagement]]
* [[User:JWSchmidt/Wiki Scholar]]

==Thoughts==
* [[Red link]]s are doorways to the infinite library ([[w:The Library of Babel|Library of Babel]])

==Tooltips==
{{Tooltip|Tooltips allow additional text to be displayed when cursor hovers over|Pretty cool, eh?}}

==User==
* [[w:Special:GlobalRenameRequest]]
* [[Special:UserGroupRights]]
* [[Special:UserRights]]
* [[m:Steward requests/Permissions]]

==Usability==
* [[Wikiversity:Usability]]
* http://usability.wikimedia.org - [http://usability.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Jtneill Jtneill]

==Video==
* .ogg files can be uploaded and embedded
* See [[/Video]] for examples

==wikEd==
* [[w:User_talk:Cacycle/wikEd]]

==Wiki2Reveal==
* [[Wiki2Reveal]] (slides on the fly from MediaWiki page)

==x Test anchor==
&lt;!-- Test anchor - don't delete! --&gt;
{{anchor|test}}

==See also==
* [[User:Jade Knight/Tools]]</text>
      <sha1>og4wpvy090fp9fpoidub7nz8fq8jp7a</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2810033</id>
      <parentid>2810028</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T02:15:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Special */ [[Special:PermanentLink]]</comment>
      <origin>2810033</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="16912" sha1="liadpsh41teefr9sc3grbea7nxkww0f" xml:space="preserve">{{TOCright}}
''A loose, personal (i.e., somewhat idiosynchratic) organisation of Wikiversity-related how-tos and links.''
==To sort==
{|style=&quot;background:transparent;&quot;
|valign=top|
* [http://tools.wikimedia.de/~magnus/commonshelper.php commonshelper]
* [[User:Jtneill/Wikification|Wikification]]
* [[w:Help:Interwiki_linking#Project_titles_and_shortcuts|Interwiki linking]]
* [[Wikiversity:Activity bars]]
* [[Wikiversity:Percent complete]]
|valign=top|
* [[Wikiversity:Import|import]]
* [[Wikiversity:Maintenance]]
* [[Wikiversity:Namespaces]]
* [[Wikiversity:Naming conventions]]
|valign=top|
* [[Wikiversity:Participants]]
* [[Wikiversity:Peer review]]
* [[Wikiversity:Review board]]
* [[Wikiversity:Searching]]
* [[How to be a Wikimedia sysop]]
|}

==Anchor==
* [[Template:Anchor]], e.g., [[#test]] will go to &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{anchor|test}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{anchor|anchor=test}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; (should go to end of page)

==Archiving==
* Example of autoarchiving: [[User talk:Terra]]

==Blogging==
* [[Wikiversity Blog howto]]

==Boxes==
[[User:Jtneill/Sandbox/Tables and boxes]]

The simplest of boxes

{| class=&quot;messagebox&quot;
|-
| ABC
XYZ
|}

&lt;blockquote style=&quot;padding-left:1.0em; padding-right:1.0em; background-color:#eaf8f4;&quot;&gt;
Its good that it works in practice, because it certainly doesn’t work in theory[https://blogs.ch.cam.ac.uk/pmr/2007/10/14/the-thing-about-wikipedia-is-that-it-only-works-in-practice-in-theory-it-can-never-work/] 
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

==Categories==
It is possible to change the order in which a page’s categories are displayed. By default, categories are displayed in the order they appear in the wikitext. Wikis with a consensus to do so can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|request]] a configuration change to display them in alphabetical order. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373480]

Using titleparts
&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Category:{{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|1}}]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;

==[[/Centering/]]==
{{User:Jtneill/Wikiversity/Centering}}

==Chat==
* [[irc:wikiversity-en|#wikiversity-en]]

==Citations and referencing==
* [[w:Help:Citation tools|Citation tools]]
* [[:Category:Citation templates]]
* [[mw:Help:Cite]]
* [[Template:Citation]]
* [[WV:REF]]
* Example: Outward Bound Process Model&lt;ref&gt;Walsh, V., &amp; Golins, G. L. (1976). ''[http://wilderdom.com/theory/OutwardBoundProcessModel.html The exploration of the Outward Bound process]''.  Denver, CO: Colorado Outward Bound School.&lt;/ref&gt;

;References
{{reflist|1}}

==Collapse boxes==
{{collapse top|Mary had a little lamb}}
Mary had a little lamb,
Little lamb, little lamb,
Mary had a little lamb,
Its fleece was white as snow

And everywhere that Mary went,
Mary went, Mary went,
Everywhere that Mary went
The lamb was sure to go

It followed her to school one day
School one day, school one day
It followed her to school one day
Which was against the rules.

It made the children laugh and play,
Laugh and play, laugh and play,
It made the children laugh and play
To see a lamb at school

And so the teacher turned it out,
Turned it out, turned it out,
And so the teacher turned it out,
But still it lingered near

And waited patiently about,
Patiently about, patiently about,
And waited patiently about
Till Mary did appear

&quot;Why does the lamb love Mary so?&quot;
Love Mary so? Love Mary so?
&quot;Why does the lamb love Mary so?&quot;
The eager children cry

&quot;Why, Mary loves the lamb, you know.&quot;
Loves the lamb, you know, loves the lamb, you know
&quot;Why, Mary loves the lamb, you know.&quot;
The teacher did reply
{{collapse bottom}}

==Colour==
* [[Wikiversity web page colors|Color tables]] | [[Wikiversity:Color names|Color names]]
* e.g., Font: {{font|color=green|Green}}, Background: &lt;span style=&quot;background:hotpink; color:white;&quot;&gt;Pink&lt;/span&gt;

==Columns==
===Column breaks===
{|
|-
| Works on all browsers (col-begin/break/end):
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
* Col1
{{col-break}}
* Col2
{{col-break}}
* Col3
{{col-end}}

Works on all browsers (col/break/colend):
{{col}}
{{break}}
* Col1
{{break}}
* Col2
{{break}}
* Col3
{{col/end}}
|}

===Moz-column===
Easier to use, but doesn't work on all browsers:
&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:3;-moz-column-count:3;-webkit-column-count:3&quot;&gt;
* Ant
* Bee
* Buzzard
* Cat
* Dog
* Egret
* Elephant
* Tiger
* Whale
* Worm
&lt;/div&gt;

==Conversions==
===HTML===
* [[w:Wikipedia:Tools/Editing_tools#From_HTML]]
* [http://www.ebruni.it/en/software/os/i_love_wiki/index.mpl i love wiki]
* {{tick}} [http://diberri.dyndns.org/wikipedia/html2wiki/index.html HTML::WikiConverter]
* {{tick}} [http://openfacts2.berlios.de/html2wiki/index.php HTML::WikiConverter]] Add URL

==CSS==
* [[MediaWiki:Common.css]]

==Custodianship==
* [[Wikiversity:Custodianship]]
** [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Custodianship]]
** [[Wikiversity:Notices for custodians]]
** [[Wikiversity:Request custodian action]]
** [[:Category:Wikiversity custodians]]

==Edit page==
Create an internal link to the edit source page using:
[[Special:EditPage/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Edit source]]

&lt;nowiki&gt;
{{edit page}}
&lt;/nowiki&gt;

gives:
{{edit page}}

&lt;nowiki&gt;
{{edit page box}}
&lt;/nowiki&gt;

gives:
{{edit page box}}

==Extensions==
* [[Special:Version#Extensions]]
* [[/CategoryTree|CategoryTree]]
* [http://www.sandboxserver.org/wiki/index.php?title=Testing_Mediawiki_extensions Sandbox server - testing extensions]
* [[User:Jtneill/WYSIWIG|WYSIWIG]]

==Font==
&lt;p&gt;{{font|face=&quot;courier&quot;|size=medium|courier size 3}}&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;{{font|face=&quot;verdana&quot;|size=large|verdana size 4}}&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;{{font|face=&quot;arial&quot;|size=x-large|arial size 5}}&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;{{font|face=&quot;times new roman&quot;|size=xx-large|times new roman size 6}}&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;{{font|face=&quot;verdana&quot;|size=xx-large|verdana bold size 6}}&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;{{font|face=&quot;lucida calligraphy&quot;|size=xx-large|lucida calligraphy size 7}}&lt;/p&gt;

==Formatting==
===Justification===
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt; This text is right justified (but it doesn't look like unless the paragraph is long enough to go over one line on the page, so this is intentionally a particularly and unnecessarily long sentence in order to demonstrate right justification using &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;...&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;).&lt;/div&gt;
==Line height==
{{center top}}&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 36px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;This uses a&lt;br&gt;line height of 36px&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 36px;&quot;&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
{{center bottom}}
===Mouse-over===
* [[Help:Mouse-over]]
* [[Template:H:title]]

==Getting started==
* [[Wikiversity:Guided tour|Guided tour]]
* [[Wikiversity:Introduction|Introduction]] (Wikiversity)
* [[/Introduction|Introduction]] (Jtneill)
* [[/Welcome|Welcome]] (Jtneill)
* [[Introduction to Wiki]] - [[Wiki 101]]
* [[How to use wiki technology as a free learner]]
* [[:Image:Short.ogg|Wikiversity - short intro]] (10 sec. video)
* [[:Image:Editing_tutorial-large.ogg|Wikiversity editing tutorial]] (2 min video)
* [[Wikiversity:Community Portal]]
* [[Wikiversity:Content development]]
* [[Help:Edit summary]]
* [[Making links]]

==Good design==
* [[User:Jtneill/Good design]]

==Icons==
* [[Help:Icons]]
* [[User:McCormack/icons]]

==Images==
===[[Template:Gallery|Gallery]]===
{{Gallery
|title=Gallery of images
|footer=Uses this [[Template:Gallery|template]]
|width=150
|lines=2
||Comment
|File:Wikiversity-logo-Snorky.svg|[[Help:Contents/Links|Links]] can be put in captions.
|File:Wikiversity-logo-Snorky.svg|Full [[MediaWiki]]&lt;br /&gt;[[syntax]] may be used…
|File:Wikiversity-logo-Snorky.svg|
}}

&lt;!-- Fixed image in bottom right which is linked --&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;template-navbar&quot; style=&quot;position: fixed; left:1; right:0; bottom:0; padding:0; font-size:122%;&quot;&gt;[[Image:Happy.png|right|50px|link=en:Happiness|Happiness]]&lt;/div&gt;

===ImageMap===
* [[mw:Extension:ImageMap|Extension ImageMap]] e.g.,
{{center top}}
&lt;imagemap&gt;File:Treasurchest.svg|center|80px
default [[Special:Random/|Random Wikiversity mainspace page]]
desc none&lt;/imagemap&gt;Click the treasure box to go to a random [[Wikiversity]] page{{center bottom}}

;Explanation

The ImageMap extension allows, among other things, an image to link directly to a page e.g., as an internal link:
&lt;imagemap&gt;
File:Treasurchest.svg|center|150px|alt=Alt text
default [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2015|Motivation and emotion Book - 2015]]
&lt;/imagemap&gt;

The syntax is:
&lt;pre style=&quot;overflow:auto&quot;&gt;
&lt;imagemap&gt;
File:Treasurchest.svg|center|150px|alt=Alt text
default [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2015|Motivation and emotion Book - 2015]]
&lt;/imagemap&gt;
&lt;/pre&gt;

or as an external link:
&lt;imagemap&gt;
File:Treasurchest.svg|center|150px|alt=Alt text
default [https://www.psychologytoday.com/basics/motivation Motivation (Psychology Today)]
&lt;/imagemap&gt;

The syntax is:
&lt;pre style=&quot;overflow:auto&quot;&gt;
&lt;imagemap&gt;
File:Treasurchest.svg|center|150px|alt=Alt text
default [https://www.psychologytoday.com/basics/motivation Motivation (Psychology Today)]
&lt;/imagemap&gt;
&lt;/pre&gt;

==Integrations==
I'm interested to explore possible connections between WV and:
* [http://archive.org Archive.org]
* [[w:Citizendium|Citizendium]]
* [[w:Google Groups]]
* [[Moodle]]
* [[Open University]]
* [http://openlearn.open.ac.uk/course/view.php?name=Cohere Cohere]
* [[WikiMedia Sister Projects]], particularly:
** [[Wikibooks]]
** [[Wikipedia]]
** [[Simple Wikipedia]]

==Licensing==
* My teaching materials are licensed under [[Wikiversity:License tags#Free licenses|creative commons attribution 2.5]] and hosted either on http://wilderdom.com or http://ucspace.canberra.edu.au. I am thinking I should be dual licensing, but am still coming to grips with trying to understand the licensing similarities, differences, and issues. 
* I plan to gradually transfer most of my teaching materials to the various [[w:WikiMedia Foundation|WikiMedia Foundation]] wiki projects, particularly wikiversity. [[m:Polls|Let's just hope Jimbo doesn't put adds on these sites]], otherwise I will be transferring the materials somewhere else (again).
* [http://beta.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wikiversity:IRC_meeting:New_licence_for_Wikiversity_Beta New_licence_for_Wikiversity_Beta]
* {{tl|db-copyvio}}
* {{tl|hangon}}
* [[:Category:Astronomy Images]]

==Links==
* Plain links: e.g., &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://archive.org http://archive.org]&lt;/span&gt;: &lt;br&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt; ... &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
* [[mw:Manual:Opening external links in a new window]]

==Long page warning==
* [[MediaWiki:Longpagewarning]]

==[[Main page]]==
* [[:Category:Main page templates]]
* [[Main Page/Layout 0.5]]
* &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity:Main_Page&amp;oldid=209253 Main page]&lt;/span&gt; (old)

==Map==
&lt;mapframe latitude=&quot;-28.420391&quot; longitude=&quot;136.757813&quot; zoom=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; height=&quot;109&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;{
  &quot;type&quot;: &quot;FeatureCollection&quot;,
  &quot;features&quot;: [
    {
      &quot;type&quot;: &quot;Feature&quot;,
      &quot;properties&quot;: {},
      &quot;geometry&quot;: {
        &quot;type&quot;: &quot;Point&quot;,
        &quot;coordinates&quot;: [
          149.12419,
          -35.308275
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}&lt;/mapframe&gt; 
==Namespaces==
* [[Special:NamespaceInfo]]

==Navigation==
{{nav|User:Jtneill}}
* [[Template:nav]]

==Notes==
Small e.g.,
{{attention}} &lt;small&gt;For calendar due dates, see unit outline.&lt;/small&gt;

Notice templates

{{Notice|{{tl|Notice}}}}
{{Note|{{tl|Note}}}}

==Notifications==
* [[Help:Notifications]]

==[[Project:Participants|Participants]]==
===Custodians===
{{user|Adambro}}&lt;br&gt;
{{user|CQ}}&lt;br&gt;
{{user|Cormaggio}}&lt;br&gt;
{{user|Draicone}}&lt;br&gt;
{{user|Erkan Yilmaz}}&lt;br&gt;
{{user|Gbaor}}&lt;br&gt;
{{user|Leighblackall}}&lt;br&gt;
{{user|McCormack}}&lt;br&gt;
{{user|Mike.lifeguard}}&lt;br&gt;
{{user|Mu301}}&lt;br&gt;
{{user|SB_Johnny}}

===Users===
*{{Participant|CQ}} - see Person of the Hour script

*{{Participant|Donek}}
*{{Participant|Dan Polansky}}

==Pedagogy==
* [[Learning by doing]]
* [[Wikiversity:Project incubator]]

==Policy==
* [[w:Wikipedia:Contributing_FAQ#Is_there_a_minimum_age_requirement_to_contribute_or_register.3F|Is there a minimum age requirement?]]
{{Official policies}}
{{Proposed policies}}

==Project boxes==
* [[Help:Resource attribution]]

==Purge==
To purge the cache for a given page, append this to the URL:
?action=purge

[[mw:Manual:Purge]]

==Quotes==
* [[Template:Quote]]
*

==[[Quizzes]]==
* [[Help:Quiz-Simple]]
* [http://www.qedoc.org/en/index.php?title=User:Jtneill My Qedoc user page]
** [http://eduforge.org/forum/forum.php?forum_id=1138 Qedoc now exports quizzes to Wikiversity]

==Referencing==
* [[meta:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing]]

==Sandbox==
* http://www.sandboxserver.org/
* [[Wikiversity:Sandbox Server]]
* [[Topic:Sandbox Server 0.5]]
* [http://scratchpad.wikia.com/wiki/Scratchpad_Wiki_Labs Scratchpad]
* [[../Sandbox]]

==Searching==
* [[Help:Google]]
* [[Wikiversity:Colloquium/archives/April 2008#Google search|Google search]] - &lt;nowiki&gt;[[google:wikiversity]]&lt;/nowiki&gt; [[google:wikiversity]]
* Use a + instead of a space

==Search multiple categories==
;Dual category search including one category with subcategories
Search for chapters which [[Template:Clarification templates|need clarification]]:
&lt;inputbox&gt;	
type=search
width=33
default=incategory:&quot;Resources needing clarification&quot;
namespaces=Main**
prefix=Motivation and emotion/Book
searchbuttonlabel=Search book chapters
bgcolor=transparent
break=no
&lt;/inputbox&gt;

==Sitenotice==
* [[MediaWiki:Sitenotice]]
* [[MediaWiki:Sitenotice id]]

==Size==

===Big/small===
* Use &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;big&gt;...&lt;/big&gt; - could be also &lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;...&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt; etc. and also &lt;small&gt;...&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;

===CSS===
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 200%&quot;&gt;200% text&lt;/div&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 200%&quot;&gt;200% text&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 150%&quot;&gt;150% text&lt;/div&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 150%&quot;&gt;150% text&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;

==Special==
* [[Special:SpecialPages]]
* Abuse
** [[Special:AbuseFilter]]
** [[Special:AbuseLog]]
* [[Special:Allpages]]
* [https://auth.wikimedia.org/enwikiversity/wiki/Special:CreateAccount Create account]
* [[Special:ListGroupRights]]
* [[Special:PermanentLink]]
* [[Random]] - [[Special:Random]] - [[Wikiversity:Random]]
* [[Special:ShortPages]]
* [[Special:Version#Installed extensions]]

==Strategy==
* [[Wikiversity:Publicity]]
* [[Wikiversity:Vision]]
* [[Wikiversity:Vision 2009]]

==Statistics==
* [[Wikiversity:Statistics]]
* [[Google Search and Wikiversity]]
* [http://wikistics.falsikon.de/latest/wikiversity/en/ Monthly page hits for wikiversity.en]
* [http://gtools.org/tool/wikipedia-edit-counter/?str=jtneill&amp;project=en.wikiversity Jtneill edit count]
* https://xtools.wmcloud.org/pageinfo/en.wikiversity.org/
* [[Special:Impact]] - [[w:Special:Impact]]

==Sub-pages==
* [[Special:Prefixindex/User:Jtneill]]
* Transclude:
** &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Special:Prefixindex/User:Jtneill}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
** &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Special:Prefixindex/{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;

==Stubs==
* [[:Category:Stub templates]]

==Structure==
* [[Wikiversity:Browse/Concept]]

==Symbols==
🟨🟡⭐💛🟥⭕️❌🟦🔵🟩🟢✅
* [[User:VeronicaJeanAnderson]]

==System messages==
* [[Special:AllMessages]]
* [[#Sitenotice|Site notice]]

==Style==
* [[MoS]]
* [[MediaWiki:Common.css]]

==Tables==
* [[Help:Table]]
* [[User:Jtneill/Sandbox/Tables and boxes]]

==Tagging/notification==
* &lt;nowiki&gt;@[[User:UserName|UserName]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;
* &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ping|UserName}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;

==Templates==
===Page development===
* {{tl|welcome and expand}} - {{tl|we}}
* {{tl|main welcome}}
* {{tl|search}}
* {{tl|draft}}
* {{tl|underconstruction}}
* {{tl|Learning project boilerplate}}
* {{tl|info}}
* {{tl|note}}
* {{tl|notice}}
* {{tl|Nutshell}}
* &lt;nowiki&gt;{{notice|{{findsources}}}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;

===Page navigation===
* [[Template:EasyNavBar]]
* [[Template:Recovery psychology]] (example)
* [[Workshop for Australian education policy]] (example)

===Sister projects===
* [[Template:Sisterprojectsearch]]
* [[Template:Wikibooks]]
* [[Template:Wikipedia]]
* [[Template:Wikiversity]]

===User talk===
* {{tl|Welcomeip}}
* {{tl|Welcome}}
* {{tl|Talk header}}
* [[:Category:User warning templates]]

===Administrative===
* [[Template:Category redirect]]
* [[Template:Warning]]

==Theory==
* [[Learning by engagement]]
* [[User:JWSchmidt/Wiki Scholar]]

==Thoughts==
* [[Red link]]s are doorways to the infinite library ([[w:The Library of Babel|Library of Babel]])

==Tooltips==
{{Tooltip|Tooltips allow additional text to be displayed when cursor hovers over|Pretty cool, eh?}}

==User==
* [[w:Special:GlobalRenameRequest]]
* [[Special:UserGroupRights]]
* [[Special:UserRights]]
* [[m:Steward requests/Permissions]]

==Usability==
* [[Wikiversity:Usability]]
* http://usability.wikimedia.org - [http://usability.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Jtneill Jtneill]

==Video==
* .ogg files can be uploaded and embedded
* See [[/Video]] for examples

==wikEd==
* [[w:User_talk:Cacycle/wikEd]]

==Wiki2Reveal==
* [[Wiki2Reveal]] (slides on the fly from MediaWiki page)

==x Test anchor==
&lt;!-- Test anchor - don't delete! --&gt;
{{anchor|test}}

==See also==
* [[User:Jade Knight/Tools]]</text>
      <sha1>liadpsh41teefr9sc3grbea7nxkww0f</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2810059</id>
      <parentid>2810033</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T09:37:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Special */ * [[Special:AccountSecurity]]</comment>
      <origin>2810059</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="16942" sha1="drwokhpnayd7l2jy353jrhoc2q9cccq" xml:space="preserve">{{TOCright}}
''A loose, personal (i.e., somewhat idiosynchratic) organisation of Wikiversity-related how-tos and links.''
==To sort==
{|style=&quot;background:transparent;&quot;
|valign=top|
* [http://tools.wikimedia.de/~magnus/commonshelper.php commonshelper]
* [[User:Jtneill/Wikification|Wikification]]
* [[w:Help:Interwiki_linking#Project_titles_and_shortcuts|Interwiki linking]]
* [[Wikiversity:Activity bars]]
* [[Wikiversity:Percent complete]]
|valign=top|
* [[Wikiversity:Import|import]]
* [[Wikiversity:Maintenance]]
* [[Wikiversity:Namespaces]]
* [[Wikiversity:Naming conventions]]
|valign=top|
* [[Wikiversity:Participants]]
* [[Wikiversity:Peer review]]
* [[Wikiversity:Review board]]
* [[Wikiversity:Searching]]
* [[How to be a Wikimedia sysop]]
|}

==Anchor==
* [[Template:Anchor]], e.g., [[#test]] will go to &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{anchor|test}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{anchor|anchor=test}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; (should go to end of page)

==Archiving==
* Example of autoarchiving: [[User talk:Terra]]

==Blogging==
* [[Wikiversity Blog howto]]

==Boxes==
[[User:Jtneill/Sandbox/Tables and boxes]]

The simplest of boxes

{| class=&quot;messagebox&quot;
|-
| ABC
XYZ
|}

&lt;blockquote style=&quot;padding-left:1.0em; padding-right:1.0em; background-color:#eaf8f4;&quot;&gt;
Its good that it works in practice, because it certainly doesn’t work in theory[https://blogs.ch.cam.ac.uk/pmr/2007/10/14/the-thing-about-wikipedia-is-that-it-only-works-in-practice-in-theory-it-can-never-work/] 
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

==Categories==
It is possible to change the order in which a page’s categories are displayed. By default, categories are displayed in the order they appear in the wikitext. Wikis with a consensus to do so can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|request]] a configuration change to display them in alphabetical order. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373480]

Using titleparts
&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Category:{{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|1}}]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;

==[[/Centering/]]==
{{User:Jtneill/Wikiversity/Centering}}

==Chat==
* [[irc:wikiversity-en|#wikiversity-en]]

==Citations and referencing==
* [[w:Help:Citation tools|Citation tools]]
* [[:Category:Citation templates]]
* [[mw:Help:Cite]]
* [[Template:Citation]]
* [[WV:REF]]
* Example: Outward Bound Process Model&lt;ref&gt;Walsh, V., &amp; Golins, G. L. (1976). ''[http://wilderdom.com/theory/OutwardBoundProcessModel.html The exploration of the Outward Bound process]''.  Denver, CO: Colorado Outward Bound School.&lt;/ref&gt;

;References
{{reflist|1}}

==Collapse boxes==
{{collapse top|Mary had a little lamb}}
Mary had a little lamb,
Little lamb, little lamb,
Mary had a little lamb,
Its fleece was white as snow

And everywhere that Mary went,
Mary went, Mary went,
Everywhere that Mary went
The lamb was sure to go

It followed her to school one day
School one day, school one day
It followed her to school one day
Which was against the rules.

It made the children laugh and play,
Laugh and play, laugh and play,
It made the children laugh and play
To see a lamb at school

And so the teacher turned it out,
Turned it out, turned it out,
And so the teacher turned it out,
But still it lingered near

And waited patiently about,
Patiently about, patiently about,
And waited patiently about
Till Mary did appear

&quot;Why does the lamb love Mary so?&quot;
Love Mary so? Love Mary so?
&quot;Why does the lamb love Mary so?&quot;
The eager children cry

&quot;Why, Mary loves the lamb, you know.&quot;
Loves the lamb, you know, loves the lamb, you know
&quot;Why, Mary loves the lamb, you know.&quot;
The teacher did reply
{{collapse bottom}}

==Colour==
* [[Wikiversity web page colors|Color tables]] | [[Wikiversity:Color names|Color names]]
* e.g., Font: {{font|color=green|Green}}, Background: &lt;span style=&quot;background:hotpink; color:white;&quot;&gt;Pink&lt;/span&gt;

==Columns==
===Column breaks===
{|
|-
| Works on all browsers (col-begin/break/end):
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
* Col1
{{col-break}}
* Col2
{{col-break}}
* Col3
{{col-end}}

Works on all browsers (col/break/colend):
{{col}}
{{break}}
* Col1
{{break}}
* Col2
{{break}}
* Col3
{{col/end}}
|}

===Moz-column===
Easier to use, but doesn't work on all browsers:
&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:3;-moz-column-count:3;-webkit-column-count:3&quot;&gt;
* Ant
* Bee
* Buzzard
* Cat
* Dog
* Egret
* Elephant
* Tiger
* Whale
* Worm
&lt;/div&gt;

==Conversions==
===HTML===
* [[w:Wikipedia:Tools/Editing_tools#From_HTML]]
* [http://www.ebruni.it/en/software/os/i_love_wiki/index.mpl i love wiki]
* {{tick}} [http://diberri.dyndns.org/wikipedia/html2wiki/index.html HTML::WikiConverter]
* {{tick}} [http://openfacts2.berlios.de/html2wiki/index.php HTML::WikiConverter]] Add URL

==CSS==
* [[MediaWiki:Common.css]]

==Custodianship==
* [[Wikiversity:Custodianship]]
** [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Custodianship]]
** [[Wikiversity:Notices for custodians]]
** [[Wikiversity:Request custodian action]]
** [[:Category:Wikiversity custodians]]

==Edit page==
Create an internal link to the edit source page using:
[[Special:EditPage/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Edit source]]

&lt;nowiki&gt;
{{edit page}}
&lt;/nowiki&gt;

gives:
{{edit page}}

&lt;nowiki&gt;
{{edit page box}}
&lt;/nowiki&gt;

gives:
{{edit page box}}

==Extensions==
* [[Special:Version#Extensions]]
* [[/CategoryTree|CategoryTree]]
* [http://www.sandboxserver.org/wiki/index.php?title=Testing_Mediawiki_extensions Sandbox server - testing extensions]
* [[User:Jtneill/WYSIWIG|WYSIWIG]]

==Font==
&lt;p&gt;{{font|face=&quot;courier&quot;|size=medium|courier size 3}}&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;{{font|face=&quot;verdana&quot;|size=large|verdana size 4}}&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;{{font|face=&quot;arial&quot;|size=x-large|arial size 5}}&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;{{font|face=&quot;times new roman&quot;|size=xx-large|times new roman size 6}}&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;{{font|face=&quot;verdana&quot;|size=xx-large|verdana bold size 6}}&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;{{font|face=&quot;lucida calligraphy&quot;|size=xx-large|lucida calligraphy size 7}}&lt;/p&gt;

==Formatting==
===Justification===
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt; This text is right justified (but it doesn't look like unless the paragraph is long enough to go over one line on the page, so this is intentionally a particularly and unnecessarily long sentence in order to demonstrate right justification using &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;...&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;).&lt;/div&gt;
==Line height==
{{center top}}&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 36px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;This uses a&lt;br&gt;line height of 36px&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 36px;&quot;&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
{{center bottom}}
===Mouse-over===
* [[Help:Mouse-over]]
* [[Template:H:title]]

==Getting started==
* [[Wikiversity:Guided tour|Guided tour]]
* [[Wikiversity:Introduction|Introduction]] (Wikiversity)
* [[/Introduction|Introduction]] (Jtneill)
* [[/Welcome|Welcome]] (Jtneill)
* [[Introduction to Wiki]] - [[Wiki 101]]
* [[How to use wiki technology as a free learner]]
* [[:Image:Short.ogg|Wikiversity - short intro]] (10 sec. video)
* [[:Image:Editing_tutorial-large.ogg|Wikiversity editing tutorial]] (2 min video)
* [[Wikiversity:Community Portal]]
* [[Wikiversity:Content development]]
* [[Help:Edit summary]]
* [[Making links]]

==Good design==
* [[User:Jtneill/Good design]]

==Icons==
* [[Help:Icons]]
* [[User:McCormack/icons]]

==Images==
===[[Template:Gallery|Gallery]]===
{{Gallery
|title=Gallery of images
|footer=Uses this [[Template:Gallery|template]]
|width=150
|lines=2
||Comment
|File:Wikiversity-logo-Snorky.svg|[[Help:Contents/Links|Links]] can be put in captions.
|File:Wikiversity-logo-Snorky.svg|Full [[MediaWiki]]&lt;br /&gt;[[syntax]] may be used…
|File:Wikiversity-logo-Snorky.svg|
}}

&lt;!-- Fixed image in bottom right which is linked --&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;template-navbar&quot; style=&quot;position: fixed; left:1; right:0; bottom:0; padding:0; font-size:122%;&quot;&gt;[[Image:Happy.png|right|50px|link=en:Happiness|Happiness]]&lt;/div&gt;

===ImageMap===
* [[mw:Extension:ImageMap|Extension ImageMap]] e.g.,
{{center top}}
&lt;imagemap&gt;File:Treasurchest.svg|center|80px
default [[Special:Random/|Random Wikiversity mainspace page]]
desc none&lt;/imagemap&gt;Click the treasure box to go to a random [[Wikiversity]] page{{center bottom}}

;Explanation

The ImageMap extension allows, among other things, an image to link directly to a page e.g., as an internal link:
&lt;imagemap&gt;
File:Treasurchest.svg|center|150px|alt=Alt text
default [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2015|Motivation and emotion Book - 2015]]
&lt;/imagemap&gt;

The syntax is:
&lt;pre style=&quot;overflow:auto&quot;&gt;
&lt;imagemap&gt;
File:Treasurchest.svg|center|150px|alt=Alt text
default [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2015|Motivation and emotion Book - 2015]]
&lt;/imagemap&gt;
&lt;/pre&gt;

or as an external link:
&lt;imagemap&gt;
File:Treasurchest.svg|center|150px|alt=Alt text
default [https://www.psychologytoday.com/basics/motivation Motivation (Psychology Today)]
&lt;/imagemap&gt;

The syntax is:
&lt;pre style=&quot;overflow:auto&quot;&gt;
&lt;imagemap&gt;
File:Treasurchest.svg|center|150px|alt=Alt text
default [https://www.psychologytoday.com/basics/motivation Motivation (Psychology Today)]
&lt;/imagemap&gt;
&lt;/pre&gt;

==Integrations==
I'm interested to explore possible connections between WV and:
* [http://archive.org Archive.org]
* [[w:Citizendium|Citizendium]]
* [[w:Google Groups]]
* [[Moodle]]
* [[Open University]]
* [http://openlearn.open.ac.uk/course/view.php?name=Cohere Cohere]
* [[WikiMedia Sister Projects]], particularly:
** [[Wikibooks]]
** [[Wikipedia]]
** [[Simple Wikipedia]]

==Licensing==
* My teaching materials are licensed under [[Wikiversity:License tags#Free licenses|creative commons attribution 2.5]] and hosted either on http://wilderdom.com or http://ucspace.canberra.edu.au. I am thinking I should be dual licensing, but am still coming to grips with trying to understand the licensing similarities, differences, and issues. 
* I plan to gradually transfer most of my teaching materials to the various [[w:WikiMedia Foundation|WikiMedia Foundation]] wiki projects, particularly wikiversity. [[m:Polls|Let's just hope Jimbo doesn't put adds on these sites]], otherwise I will be transferring the materials somewhere else (again).
* [http://beta.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wikiversity:IRC_meeting:New_licence_for_Wikiversity_Beta New_licence_for_Wikiversity_Beta]
* {{tl|db-copyvio}}
* {{tl|hangon}}
* [[:Category:Astronomy Images]]

==Links==
* Plain links: e.g., &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://archive.org http://archive.org]&lt;/span&gt;: &lt;br&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt; ... &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
* [[mw:Manual:Opening external links in a new window]]

==Long page warning==
* [[MediaWiki:Longpagewarning]]

==[[Main page]]==
* [[:Category:Main page templates]]
* [[Main Page/Layout 0.5]]
* &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity:Main_Page&amp;oldid=209253 Main page]&lt;/span&gt; (old)

==Map==
&lt;mapframe latitude=&quot;-28.420391&quot; longitude=&quot;136.757813&quot; zoom=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; height=&quot;109&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;{
  &quot;type&quot;: &quot;FeatureCollection&quot;,
  &quot;features&quot;: [
    {
      &quot;type&quot;: &quot;Feature&quot;,
      &quot;properties&quot;: {},
      &quot;geometry&quot;: {
        &quot;type&quot;: &quot;Point&quot;,
        &quot;coordinates&quot;: [
          149.12419,
          -35.308275
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}&lt;/mapframe&gt; 
==Namespaces==
* [[Special:NamespaceInfo]]

==Navigation==
{{nav|User:Jtneill}}
* [[Template:nav]]

==Notes==
Small e.g.,
{{attention}} &lt;small&gt;For calendar due dates, see unit outline.&lt;/small&gt;

Notice templates

{{Notice|{{tl|Notice}}}}
{{Note|{{tl|Note}}}}

==Notifications==
* [[Help:Notifications]]

==[[Project:Participants|Participants]]==
===Custodians===
{{user|Adambro}}&lt;br&gt;
{{user|CQ}}&lt;br&gt;
{{user|Cormaggio}}&lt;br&gt;
{{user|Draicone}}&lt;br&gt;
{{user|Erkan Yilmaz}}&lt;br&gt;
{{user|Gbaor}}&lt;br&gt;
{{user|Leighblackall}}&lt;br&gt;
{{user|McCormack}}&lt;br&gt;
{{user|Mike.lifeguard}}&lt;br&gt;
{{user|Mu301}}&lt;br&gt;
{{user|SB_Johnny}}

===Users===
*{{Participant|CQ}} - see Person of the Hour script

*{{Participant|Donek}}
*{{Participant|Dan Polansky}}

==Pedagogy==
* [[Learning by doing]]
* [[Wikiversity:Project incubator]]

==Policy==
* [[w:Wikipedia:Contributing_FAQ#Is_there_a_minimum_age_requirement_to_contribute_or_register.3F|Is there a minimum age requirement?]]
{{Official policies}}
{{Proposed policies}}

==Project boxes==
* [[Help:Resource attribution]]

==Purge==
To purge the cache for a given page, append this to the URL:
?action=purge

[[mw:Manual:Purge]]

==Quotes==
* [[Template:Quote]]
*

==[[Quizzes]]==
* [[Help:Quiz-Simple]]
* [http://www.qedoc.org/en/index.php?title=User:Jtneill My Qedoc user page]
** [http://eduforge.org/forum/forum.php?forum_id=1138 Qedoc now exports quizzes to Wikiversity]

==Referencing==
* [[meta:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing]]

==Sandbox==
* http://www.sandboxserver.org/
* [[Wikiversity:Sandbox Server]]
* [[Topic:Sandbox Server 0.5]]
* [http://scratchpad.wikia.com/wiki/Scratchpad_Wiki_Labs Scratchpad]
* [[../Sandbox]]

==Searching==
* [[Help:Google]]
* [[Wikiversity:Colloquium/archives/April 2008#Google search|Google search]] - &lt;nowiki&gt;[[google:wikiversity]]&lt;/nowiki&gt; [[google:wikiversity]]
* Use a + instead of a space

==Search multiple categories==
;Dual category search including one category with subcategories
Search for chapters which [[Template:Clarification templates|need clarification]]:
&lt;inputbox&gt;	
type=search
width=33
default=incategory:&quot;Resources needing clarification&quot;
namespaces=Main**
prefix=Motivation and emotion/Book
searchbuttonlabel=Search book chapters
bgcolor=transparent
break=no
&lt;/inputbox&gt;

==Sitenotice==
* [[MediaWiki:Sitenotice]]
* [[MediaWiki:Sitenotice id]]

==Size==

===Big/small===
* Use &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;big&gt;...&lt;/big&gt; - could be also &lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;...&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt; etc. and also &lt;small&gt;...&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;

===CSS===
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 200%&quot;&gt;200% text&lt;/div&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 200%&quot;&gt;200% text&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 150%&quot;&gt;150% text&lt;/div&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 150%&quot;&gt;150% text&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;

==Special==
* [[Special:SpecialPages]]
* Abuse
** [[Special:AbuseFilter]]
** [[Special:AbuseLog]]
* [[Special:AccountSecurity]]
* [[Special:Allpages]]
* [https://auth.wikimedia.org/enwikiversity/wiki/Special:CreateAccount Create account]
* [[Special:ListGroupRights]]
* [[Special:PermanentLink]]
* [[Random]] - [[Special:Random]] - [[Wikiversity:Random]]
* [[Special:ShortPages]]
* [[Special:Version#Installed extensions]]

==Strategy==
* [[Wikiversity:Publicity]]
* [[Wikiversity:Vision]]
* [[Wikiversity:Vision 2009]]

==Statistics==
* [[Wikiversity:Statistics]]
* [[Google Search and Wikiversity]]
* [http://wikistics.falsikon.de/latest/wikiversity/en/ Monthly page hits for wikiversity.en]
* [http://gtools.org/tool/wikipedia-edit-counter/?str=jtneill&amp;project=en.wikiversity Jtneill edit count]
* https://xtools.wmcloud.org/pageinfo/en.wikiversity.org/
* [[Special:Impact]] - [[w:Special:Impact]]

==Sub-pages==
* [[Special:Prefixindex/User:Jtneill]]
* Transclude:
** &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Special:Prefixindex/User:Jtneill}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
** &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Special:Prefixindex/{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;

==Stubs==
* [[:Category:Stub templates]]

==Structure==
* [[Wikiversity:Browse/Concept]]

==Symbols==
🟨🟡⭐💛🟥⭕️❌🟦🔵🟩🟢✅
* [[User:VeronicaJeanAnderson]]

==System messages==
* [[Special:AllMessages]]
* [[#Sitenotice|Site notice]]

==Style==
* [[MoS]]
* [[MediaWiki:Common.css]]

==Tables==
* [[Help:Table]]
* [[User:Jtneill/Sandbox/Tables and boxes]]

==Tagging/notification==
* &lt;nowiki&gt;@[[User:UserName|UserName]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;
* &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ping|UserName}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;

==Templates==
===Page development===
* {{tl|welcome and expand}} - {{tl|we}}
* {{tl|main welcome}}
* {{tl|search}}
* {{tl|draft}}
* {{tl|underconstruction}}
* {{tl|Learning project boilerplate}}
* {{tl|info}}
* {{tl|note}}
* {{tl|notice}}
* {{tl|Nutshell}}
* &lt;nowiki&gt;{{notice|{{findsources}}}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;

===Page navigation===
* [[Template:EasyNavBar]]
* [[Template:Recovery psychology]] (example)
* [[Workshop for Australian education policy]] (example)

===Sister projects===
* [[Template:Sisterprojectsearch]]
* [[Template:Wikibooks]]
* [[Template:Wikipedia]]
* [[Template:Wikiversity]]

===User talk===
* {{tl|Welcomeip}}
* {{tl|Welcome}}
* {{tl|Talk header}}
* [[:Category:User warning templates]]

===Administrative===
* [[Template:Category redirect]]
* [[Template:Warning]]

==Theory==
* [[Learning by engagement]]
* [[User:JWSchmidt/Wiki Scholar]]

==Thoughts==
* [[Red link]]s are doorways to the infinite library ([[w:The Library of Babel|Library of Babel]])

==Tooltips==
{{Tooltip|Tooltips allow additional text to be displayed when cursor hovers over|Pretty cool, eh?}}

==User==
* [[w:Special:GlobalRenameRequest]]
* [[Special:UserGroupRights]]
* [[Special:UserRights]]
* [[m:Steward requests/Permissions]]

==Usability==
* [[Wikiversity:Usability]]
* http://usability.wikimedia.org - [http://usability.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Jtneill Jtneill]

==Video==
* .ogg files can be uploaded and embedded
* See [[/Video]] for examples

==wikEd==
* [[w:User_talk:Cacycle/wikEd]]

==Wiki2Reveal==
* [[Wiki2Reveal]] (slides on the fly from MediaWiki page)

==x Test anchor==
&lt;!-- Test anchor - don't delete! --&gt;
{{anchor|test}}

==See also==
* [[User:Jade Knight/Tools]]</text>
      <sha1>drwokhpnayd7l2jy353jrhoc2q9cccq</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2810114</id>
      <parentid>2810059</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T11:19:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* User */ [[meta:Help:Two-factor authentication]]</comment>
      <origin>2810114</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="16985" sha1="25dfe06jl12q20jrj41bvlpmgqpue7w" xml:space="preserve">{{TOCright}}
''A loose, personal (i.e., somewhat idiosynchratic) organisation of Wikiversity-related how-tos and links.''
==To sort==
{|style=&quot;background:transparent;&quot;
|valign=top|
* [http://tools.wikimedia.de/~magnus/commonshelper.php commonshelper]
* [[User:Jtneill/Wikification|Wikification]]
* [[w:Help:Interwiki_linking#Project_titles_and_shortcuts|Interwiki linking]]
* [[Wikiversity:Activity bars]]
* [[Wikiversity:Percent complete]]
|valign=top|
* [[Wikiversity:Import|import]]
* [[Wikiversity:Maintenance]]
* [[Wikiversity:Namespaces]]
* [[Wikiversity:Naming conventions]]
|valign=top|
* [[Wikiversity:Participants]]
* [[Wikiversity:Peer review]]
* [[Wikiversity:Review board]]
* [[Wikiversity:Searching]]
* [[How to be a Wikimedia sysop]]
|}

==Anchor==
* [[Template:Anchor]], e.g., [[#test]] will go to &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{anchor|test}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{anchor|anchor=test}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; (should go to end of page)

==Archiving==
* Example of autoarchiving: [[User talk:Terra]]

==Blogging==
* [[Wikiversity Blog howto]]

==Boxes==
[[User:Jtneill/Sandbox/Tables and boxes]]

The simplest of boxes

{| class=&quot;messagebox&quot;
|-
| ABC
XYZ
|}

&lt;blockquote style=&quot;padding-left:1.0em; padding-right:1.0em; background-color:#eaf8f4;&quot;&gt;
Its good that it works in practice, because it certainly doesn’t work in theory[https://blogs.ch.cam.ac.uk/pmr/2007/10/14/the-thing-about-wikipedia-is-that-it-only-works-in-practice-in-theory-it-can-never-work/] 
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

==Categories==
It is possible to change the order in which a page’s categories are displayed. By default, categories are displayed in the order they appear in the wikitext. Wikis with a consensus to do so can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|request]] a configuration change to display them in alphabetical order. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373480]

Using titleparts
&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Category:{{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|1}}]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;

==[[/Centering/]]==
{{User:Jtneill/Wikiversity/Centering}}

==Chat==
* [[irc:wikiversity-en|#wikiversity-en]]

==Citations and referencing==
* [[w:Help:Citation tools|Citation tools]]
* [[:Category:Citation templates]]
* [[mw:Help:Cite]]
* [[Template:Citation]]
* [[WV:REF]]
* Example: Outward Bound Process Model&lt;ref&gt;Walsh, V., &amp; Golins, G. L. (1976). ''[http://wilderdom.com/theory/OutwardBoundProcessModel.html The exploration of the Outward Bound process]''.  Denver, CO: Colorado Outward Bound School.&lt;/ref&gt;

;References
{{reflist|1}}

==Collapse boxes==
{{collapse top|Mary had a little lamb}}
Mary had a little lamb,
Little lamb, little lamb,
Mary had a little lamb,
Its fleece was white as snow

And everywhere that Mary went,
Mary went, Mary went,
Everywhere that Mary went
The lamb was sure to go

It followed her to school one day
School one day, school one day
It followed her to school one day
Which was against the rules.

It made the children laugh and play,
Laugh and play, laugh and play,
It made the children laugh and play
To see a lamb at school

And so the teacher turned it out,
Turned it out, turned it out,
And so the teacher turned it out,
But still it lingered near

And waited patiently about,
Patiently about, patiently about,
And waited patiently about
Till Mary did appear

&quot;Why does the lamb love Mary so?&quot;
Love Mary so? Love Mary so?
&quot;Why does the lamb love Mary so?&quot;
The eager children cry

&quot;Why, Mary loves the lamb, you know.&quot;
Loves the lamb, you know, loves the lamb, you know
&quot;Why, Mary loves the lamb, you know.&quot;
The teacher did reply
{{collapse bottom}}

==Colour==
* [[Wikiversity web page colors|Color tables]] | [[Wikiversity:Color names|Color names]]
* e.g., Font: {{font|color=green|Green}}, Background: &lt;span style=&quot;background:hotpink; color:white;&quot;&gt;Pink&lt;/span&gt;

==Columns==
===Column breaks===
{|
|-
| Works on all browsers (col-begin/break/end):
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
* Col1
{{col-break}}
* Col2
{{col-break}}
* Col3
{{col-end}}

Works on all browsers (col/break/colend):
{{col}}
{{break}}
* Col1
{{break}}
* Col2
{{break}}
* Col3
{{col/end}}
|}

===Moz-column===
Easier to use, but doesn't work on all browsers:
&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:3;-moz-column-count:3;-webkit-column-count:3&quot;&gt;
* Ant
* Bee
* Buzzard
* Cat
* Dog
* Egret
* Elephant
* Tiger
* Whale
* Worm
&lt;/div&gt;

==Conversions==
===HTML===
* [[w:Wikipedia:Tools/Editing_tools#From_HTML]]
* [http://www.ebruni.it/en/software/os/i_love_wiki/index.mpl i love wiki]
* {{tick}} [http://diberri.dyndns.org/wikipedia/html2wiki/index.html HTML::WikiConverter]
* {{tick}} [http://openfacts2.berlios.de/html2wiki/index.php HTML::WikiConverter]] Add URL

==CSS==
* [[MediaWiki:Common.css]]

==Custodianship==
* [[Wikiversity:Custodianship]]
** [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Custodianship]]
** [[Wikiversity:Notices for custodians]]
** [[Wikiversity:Request custodian action]]
** [[:Category:Wikiversity custodians]]

==Edit page==
Create an internal link to the edit source page using:
[[Special:EditPage/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Edit source]]

&lt;nowiki&gt;
{{edit page}}
&lt;/nowiki&gt;

gives:
{{edit page}}

&lt;nowiki&gt;
{{edit page box}}
&lt;/nowiki&gt;

gives:
{{edit page box}}

==Extensions==
* [[Special:Version#Extensions]]
* [[/CategoryTree|CategoryTree]]
* [http://www.sandboxserver.org/wiki/index.php?title=Testing_Mediawiki_extensions Sandbox server - testing extensions]
* [[User:Jtneill/WYSIWIG|WYSIWIG]]

==Font==
&lt;p&gt;{{font|face=&quot;courier&quot;|size=medium|courier size 3}}&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;{{font|face=&quot;verdana&quot;|size=large|verdana size 4}}&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;{{font|face=&quot;arial&quot;|size=x-large|arial size 5}}&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;{{font|face=&quot;times new roman&quot;|size=xx-large|times new roman size 6}}&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;{{font|face=&quot;verdana&quot;|size=xx-large|verdana bold size 6}}&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;{{font|face=&quot;lucida calligraphy&quot;|size=xx-large|lucida calligraphy size 7}}&lt;/p&gt;

==Formatting==
===Justification===
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt; This text is right justified (but it doesn't look like unless the paragraph is long enough to go over one line on the page, so this is intentionally a particularly and unnecessarily long sentence in order to demonstrate right justification using &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;...&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;).&lt;/div&gt;
==Line height==
{{center top}}&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 36px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;This uses a&lt;br&gt;line height of 36px&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 36px;&quot;&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
{{center bottom}}
===Mouse-over===
* [[Help:Mouse-over]]
* [[Template:H:title]]

==Getting started==
* [[Wikiversity:Guided tour|Guided tour]]
* [[Wikiversity:Introduction|Introduction]] (Wikiversity)
* [[/Introduction|Introduction]] (Jtneill)
* [[/Welcome|Welcome]] (Jtneill)
* [[Introduction to Wiki]] - [[Wiki 101]]
* [[How to use wiki technology as a free learner]]
* [[:Image:Short.ogg|Wikiversity - short intro]] (10 sec. video)
* [[:Image:Editing_tutorial-large.ogg|Wikiversity editing tutorial]] (2 min video)
* [[Wikiversity:Community Portal]]
* [[Wikiversity:Content development]]
* [[Help:Edit summary]]
* [[Making links]]

==Good design==
* [[User:Jtneill/Good design]]

==Icons==
* [[Help:Icons]]
* [[User:McCormack/icons]]

==Images==
===[[Template:Gallery|Gallery]]===
{{Gallery
|title=Gallery of images
|footer=Uses this [[Template:Gallery|template]]
|width=150
|lines=2
||Comment
|File:Wikiversity-logo-Snorky.svg|[[Help:Contents/Links|Links]] can be put in captions.
|File:Wikiversity-logo-Snorky.svg|Full [[MediaWiki]]&lt;br /&gt;[[syntax]] may be used…
|File:Wikiversity-logo-Snorky.svg|
}}

&lt;!-- Fixed image in bottom right which is linked --&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;template-navbar&quot; style=&quot;position: fixed; left:1; right:0; bottom:0; padding:0; font-size:122%;&quot;&gt;[[Image:Happy.png|right|50px|link=en:Happiness|Happiness]]&lt;/div&gt;

===ImageMap===
* [[mw:Extension:ImageMap|Extension ImageMap]] e.g.,
{{center top}}
&lt;imagemap&gt;File:Treasurchest.svg|center|80px
default [[Special:Random/|Random Wikiversity mainspace page]]
desc none&lt;/imagemap&gt;Click the treasure box to go to a random [[Wikiversity]] page{{center bottom}}

;Explanation

The ImageMap extension allows, among other things, an image to link directly to a page e.g., as an internal link:
&lt;imagemap&gt;
File:Treasurchest.svg|center|150px|alt=Alt text
default [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2015|Motivation and emotion Book - 2015]]
&lt;/imagemap&gt;

The syntax is:
&lt;pre style=&quot;overflow:auto&quot;&gt;
&lt;imagemap&gt;
File:Treasurchest.svg|center|150px|alt=Alt text
default [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2015|Motivation and emotion Book - 2015]]
&lt;/imagemap&gt;
&lt;/pre&gt;

or as an external link:
&lt;imagemap&gt;
File:Treasurchest.svg|center|150px|alt=Alt text
default [https://www.psychologytoday.com/basics/motivation Motivation (Psychology Today)]
&lt;/imagemap&gt;

The syntax is:
&lt;pre style=&quot;overflow:auto&quot;&gt;
&lt;imagemap&gt;
File:Treasurchest.svg|center|150px|alt=Alt text
default [https://www.psychologytoday.com/basics/motivation Motivation (Psychology Today)]
&lt;/imagemap&gt;
&lt;/pre&gt;

==Integrations==
I'm interested to explore possible connections between WV and:
* [http://archive.org Archive.org]
* [[w:Citizendium|Citizendium]]
* [[w:Google Groups]]
* [[Moodle]]
* [[Open University]]
* [http://openlearn.open.ac.uk/course/view.php?name=Cohere Cohere]
* [[WikiMedia Sister Projects]], particularly:
** [[Wikibooks]]
** [[Wikipedia]]
** [[Simple Wikipedia]]

==Licensing==
* My teaching materials are licensed under [[Wikiversity:License tags#Free licenses|creative commons attribution 2.5]] and hosted either on http://wilderdom.com or http://ucspace.canberra.edu.au. I am thinking I should be dual licensing, but am still coming to grips with trying to understand the licensing similarities, differences, and issues. 
* I plan to gradually transfer most of my teaching materials to the various [[w:WikiMedia Foundation|WikiMedia Foundation]] wiki projects, particularly wikiversity. [[m:Polls|Let's just hope Jimbo doesn't put adds on these sites]], otherwise I will be transferring the materials somewhere else (again).
* [http://beta.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wikiversity:IRC_meeting:New_licence_for_Wikiversity_Beta New_licence_for_Wikiversity_Beta]
* {{tl|db-copyvio}}
* {{tl|hangon}}
* [[:Category:Astronomy Images]]

==Links==
* Plain links: e.g., &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://archive.org http://archive.org]&lt;/span&gt;: &lt;br&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt; ... &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
* [[mw:Manual:Opening external links in a new window]]

==Long page warning==
* [[MediaWiki:Longpagewarning]]

==[[Main page]]==
* [[:Category:Main page templates]]
* [[Main Page/Layout 0.5]]
* &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity:Main_Page&amp;oldid=209253 Main page]&lt;/span&gt; (old)

==Map==
&lt;mapframe latitude=&quot;-28.420391&quot; longitude=&quot;136.757813&quot; zoom=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; height=&quot;109&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;{
  &quot;type&quot;: &quot;FeatureCollection&quot;,
  &quot;features&quot;: [
    {
      &quot;type&quot;: &quot;Feature&quot;,
      &quot;properties&quot;: {},
      &quot;geometry&quot;: {
        &quot;type&quot;: &quot;Point&quot;,
        &quot;coordinates&quot;: [
          149.12419,
          -35.308275
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}&lt;/mapframe&gt; 
==Namespaces==
* [[Special:NamespaceInfo]]

==Navigation==
{{nav|User:Jtneill}}
* [[Template:nav]]

==Notes==
Small e.g.,
{{attention}} &lt;small&gt;For calendar due dates, see unit outline.&lt;/small&gt;

Notice templates

{{Notice|{{tl|Notice}}}}
{{Note|{{tl|Note}}}}

==Notifications==
* [[Help:Notifications]]

==[[Project:Participants|Participants]]==
===Custodians===
{{user|Adambro}}&lt;br&gt;
{{user|CQ}}&lt;br&gt;
{{user|Cormaggio}}&lt;br&gt;
{{user|Draicone}}&lt;br&gt;
{{user|Erkan Yilmaz}}&lt;br&gt;
{{user|Gbaor}}&lt;br&gt;
{{user|Leighblackall}}&lt;br&gt;
{{user|McCormack}}&lt;br&gt;
{{user|Mike.lifeguard}}&lt;br&gt;
{{user|Mu301}}&lt;br&gt;
{{user|SB_Johnny}}

===Users===
*{{Participant|CQ}} - see Person of the Hour script

*{{Participant|Donek}}
*{{Participant|Dan Polansky}}

==Pedagogy==
* [[Learning by doing]]
* [[Wikiversity:Project incubator]]

==Policy==
* [[w:Wikipedia:Contributing_FAQ#Is_there_a_minimum_age_requirement_to_contribute_or_register.3F|Is there a minimum age requirement?]]
{{Official policies}}
{{Proposed policies}}

==Project boxes==
* [[Help:Resource attribution]]

==Purge==
To purge the cache for a given page, append this to the URL:
?action=purge

[[mw:Manual:Purge]]

==Quotes==
* [[Template:Quote]]
*

==[[Quizzes]]==
* [[Help:Quiz-Simple]]
* [http://www.qedoc.org/en/index.php?title=User:Jtneill My Qedoc user page]
** [http://eduforge.org/forum/forum.php?forum_id=1138 Qedoc now exports quizzes to Wikiversity]

==Referencing==
* [[meta:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing]]

==Sandbox==
* http://www.sandboxserver.org/
* [[Wikiversity:Sandbox Server]]
* [[Topic:Sandbox Server 0.5]]
* [http://scratchpad.wikia.com/wiki/Scratchpad_Wiki_Labs Scratchpad]
* [[../Sandbox]]

==Searching==
* [[Help:Google]]
* [[Wikiversity:Colloquium/archives/April 2008#Google search|Google search]] - &lt;nowiki&gt;[[google:wikiversity]]&lt;/nowiki&gt; [[google:wikiversity]]
* Use a + instead of a space

==Search multiple categories==
;Dual category search including one category with subcategories
Search for chapters which [[Template:Clarification templates|need clarification]]:
&lt;inputbox&gt;	
type=search
width=33
default=incategory:&quot;Resources needing clarification&quot;
namespaces=Main**
prefix=Motivation and emotion/Book
searchbuttonlabel=Search book chapters
bgcolor=transparent
break=no
&lt;/inputbox&gt;

==Sitenotice==
* [[MediaWiki:Sitenotice]]
* [[MediaWiki:Sitenotice id]]

==Size==

===Big/small===
* Use &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;big&gt;...&lt;/big&gt; - could be also &lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;...&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt; etc. and also &lt;small&gt;...&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;

===CSS===
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 200%&quot;&gt;200% text&lt;/div&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 200%&quot;&gt;200% text&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 150%&quot;&gt;150% text&lt;/div&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 150%&quot;&gt;150% text&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;

==Special==
* [[Special:SpecialPages]]
* Abuse
** [[Special:AbuseFilter]]
** [[Special:AbuseLog]]
* [[Special:AccountSecurity]]
* [[Special:Allpages]]
* [https://auth.wikimedia.org/enwikiversity/wiki/Special:CreateAccount Create account]
* [[Special:ListGroupRights]]
* [[Special:PermanentLink]]
* [[Random]] - [[Special:Random]] - [[Wikiversity:Random]]
* [[Special:ShortPages]]
* [[Special:Version#Installed extensions]]

==Strategy==
* [[Wikiversity:Publicity]]
* [[Wikiversity:Vision]]
* [[Wikiversity:Vision 2009]]

==Statistics==
* [[Wikiversity:Statistics]]
* [[Google Search and Wikiversity]]
* [http://wikistics.falsikon.de/latest/wikiversity/en/ Monthly page hits for wikiversity.en]
* [http://gtools.org/tool/wikipedia-edit-counter/?str=jtneill&amp;project=en.wikiversity Jtneill edit count]
* https://xtools.wmcloud.org/pageinfo/en.wikiversity.org/
* [[Special:Impact]] - [[w:Special:Impact]]

==Sub-pages==
* [[Special:Prefixindex/User:Jtneill]]
* Transclude:
** &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Special:Prefixindex/User:Jtneill}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
** &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Special:Prefixindex/{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;

==Stubs==
* [[:Category:Stub templates]]

==Structure==
* [[Wikiversity:Browse/Concept]]

==Symbols==
🟨🟡⭐💛🟥⭕️❌🟦🔵🟩🟢✅
* [[User:VeronicaJeanAnderson]]

==System messages==
* [[Special:AllMessages]]
* [[#Sitenotice|Site notice]]

==Style==
* [[MoS]]
* [[MediaWiki:Common.css]]

==Tables==
* [[Help:Table]]
* [[User:Jtneill/Sandbox/Tables and boxes]]

==Tagging/notification==
* &lt;nowiki&gt;@[[User:UserName|UserName]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;
* &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ping|UserName}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;

==Templates==
===Page development===
* {{tl|welcome and expand}} - {{tl|we}}
* {{tl|main welcome}}
* {{tl|search}}
* {{tl|draft}}
* {{tl|underconstruction}}
* {{tl|Learning project boilerplate}}
* {{tl|info}}
* {{tl|note}}
* {{tl|notice}}
* {{tl|Nutshell}}
* &lt;nowiki&gt;{{notice|{{findsources}}}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;

===Page navigation===
* [[Template:EasyNavBar]]
* [[Template:Recovery psychology]] (example)
* [[Workshop for Australian education policy]] (example)

===Sister projects===
* [[Template:Sisterprojectsearch]]
* [[Template:Wikibooks]]
* [[Template:Wikipedia]]
* [[Template:Wikiversity]]

===User talk===
* {{tl|Welcomeip}}
* {{tl|Welcome}}
* {{tl|Talk header}}
* [[:Category:User warning templates]]

===Administrative===
* [[Template:Category redirect]]
* [[Template:Warning]]

==Theory==
* [[Learning by engagement]]
* [[User:JWSchmidt/Wiki Scholar]]

==Thoughts==
* [[Red link]]s are doorways to the infinite library ([[w:The Library of Babel|Library of Babel]])

==Tooltips==
{{Tooltip|Tooltips allow additional text to be displayed when cursor hovers over|Pretty cool, eh?}}


==User==
* [[w:Special:GlobalRenameRequest]]
* [[Special:UserGroupRights]]
* [[Special:UserRights]]
* [[m:Steward requests/Permissions]]
* [[meta:Help:Two-factor authentication]]

==Usability==
* [[Wikiversity:Usability]]
* http://usability.wikimedia.org - [http://usability.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Jtneill Jtneill]

==Video==
* .ogg files can be uploaded and embedded
* See [[/Video]] for examples

==wikEd==
* [[w:User_talk:Cacycle/wikEd]]

==Wiki2Reveal==
* [[Wiki2Reveal]] (slides on the fly from MediaWiki page)

==x Test anchor==
&lt;!-- Test anchor - don't delete! --&gt;
{{anchor|test}}

==See also==
* [[User:Jade Knight/Tools]]</text>
      <sha1>25dfe06jl12q20jrj41bvlpmgqpue7w</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>How to be a Wikimedia sysop/Wikiversity</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>59767</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2810070</id>
      <parentid>2653314</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T10:13:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Copyedit</comment>
      <origin>2810070</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4775" sha1="jbbnr7zqy10ag1b9m4qnmpvaghi867f" xml:space="preserve">{{TOCright}}
{{25%done}}
{{wikiversity-stub}}
In addition to the generic content about [[How to be a Wikimedia sysop]], which is about being an administrator on [[Wikimedia Foundation]] [[sister projects]], this page seeks to provide guidance on sysop-related matters for [[Wikiversity]]. Note that on [[Wikiversity]], sysop status is referred to as '[[Project:custodianship|custodianship]]'.

==[[What is Wikiversity?]]==
One of the first starting points should be for custodian candidates to appreciate and understand Wikiversity's [[WV:Scope|scope]], [[WV:Mission|mission]], and [[WV:Vision|vision]]. Since these are all in development, candidates are strongly encourage to contribute to improvements. An understanding of Wikiversity's [[WV:History|history]] is also advisable. Sysops coming from other WMF projects are enouraged to appreciate that the Wikiversity scope for acceptable content is considerably broader than on the other projects because the mission is about providing learning content and learning spaces. Sysops coming from other projects are encouraged to engage in discussion with other contributors to help determine what content what or may not be considered to be within Wikiversity's scope.

==Policies==
Secondly, candidate custodians on Wikiversity are strongly encouraged to familiarise themselves with [[Wikiversity:Policies]]. Policies attempt to make clear what ''processes'' to follow. But many of the policies are still in draft format. The most common issues on Wikiversity involve:
* determining whether content is appropriate fore the main namespace; and 
* managing disruptive user behaviour, including spillover from disputes on other sister projects

These two issues are often interconnected.

The tables below provides a guide for one's policy reading.
{{official policies}}
{{proposed policies}}

Also note that not everything about what makes a wiki work/not work can be found in these policies. One of the common debates, for example, is over how users, curators, custodians, and bureaucrats interpret and act/don't act on the policies. Other key debates include application of the policies and support staff attitudes towards fostering a &quot;developist&quot; culture compared to a &quot;deletionist&quot; culture. Broader literature about Wikiversity can be found in the Wikiversity namespace, e.g., some especially useful links are:
{{Administering Wikiversity horizontal}}

==People and tools==
Thirdly, candidate custodians on Wikiversity should familiarise themselves with ''people'' and ''tools''. 
* Regarding ''people'', communication is vital, so correspond with your mentor, share about yourself on your user page, discuss ideas and questions on talk pages, and possibly also on the mailing list, IRC etc. See if you can work out how to add News, Announcements, and Site notices.
* Regarding ''tools'', probationary custodians should already be familiar with [[Help:Editing]] but a thorough review is recommended (e.g., do you understand [[Help:Templates|templates]]?) and should try out the sysop tools during their probationary period, including [[Help:Deleting|deleting]] (see also [[Help:Oversight|oversight]]), [[Help:Blocking|blocking]], [[Help:Protection|protection]]. Since use of each of these tools runs a potentially strong risk of community upset, but also to not use these tools when appropriate similar runs risk of community upset, you should get familiar with how they work (each action can be undone) and you should then seek guidance from others about their subsequent use in real situations.

==Reading list==
*[[/Blocking/]] (on Wikiversity)
*[[/Deletion/]] (on Wikiversity)

===Policies===
'''''Community task''''': ''Make a reading list of [[Project:policies|policies]] which the community thinks should be read and understood by custodians. Use a helpful order for reading.'':&lt;br&gt;
# [[Project:Custodianship|Custodianship]] (official)
# [[Project:Deletion policy|Deletion policy]] (proposed)
# [[Project:Blocking policy|Blocking policy]] (proposed)
# [[Project:Catalyst|Catalyst]] (proposed)
# ''list here''

Here is a list of {{tl|Official policies}} and {{tl|Proposed policies}}:
{{Official policies}}
{{Proposed policies}}

===Other suggested===
* [[Wikiversity:Custodianship#Useful reads for Custodians]]
* {{tl|Administering Wikiversity}}
* [[:Category:Wikiversity culture]]
* [[:Category:Wikiversity development]]
* [[:Category:Educational wikis]]
* [[User:Gbaor/Custodianship]] - a useful collection of custodian-training links
* It is a good idea to also read about controversial and 'sticky' custodial-type issues, e.g., [[Wikiversity talk:Custodianship]] and [[Wikiversity:Community Review]]

[[Category:Advanced Wikiversity]]
[[Category:How to be a Wikimedia sysop]]
[[Category:Wikiversity custodianship]]</text>
      <sha1>jbbnr7zqy10ag1b9m4qnmpvaghi867f</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2810071</id>
      <parentid>2810070</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T10:16:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Policies */ Remove repeated use of policy templates</comment>
      <origin>2810071</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4660" sha1="7f68znrjudptslt1qph4ixco65iac41" xml:space="preserve">{{TOCright}}
{{25%done}}
{{wikiversity-stub}}
In addition to the generic content about [[How to be a Wikimedia sysop]], which is about being an administrator on [[Wikimedia Foundation]] [[sister projects]], this page seeks to provide guidance on sysop-related matters for [[Wikiversity]]. Note that on [[Wikiversity]], sysop status is referred to as '[[Project:custodianship|custodianship]]'.

==[[What is Wikiversity?]]==
One of the first starting points should be for custodian candidates to appreciate and understand Wikiversity's [[WV:Scope|scope]], [[WV:Mission|mission]], and [[WV:Vision|vision]]. Since these are all in development, candidates are strongly encourage to contribute to improvements. An understanding of Wikiversity's [[WV:History|history]] is also advisable. Sysops coming from other WMF projects are enouraged to appreciate that the Wikiversity scope for acceptable content is considerably broader than on the other projects because the mission is about providing learning content and learning spaces. Sysops coming from other projects are encouraged to engage in discussion with other contributors to help determine what content what or may not be considered to be within Wikiversity's scope.

==Policies==
Candidate custodians on Wikiversity are strongly encouraged to familiarise themselves with [[Wikiversity:Policies]]. Policies attempt to make clear what ''processes'' to follow. But many of the policies are still in draft format. The most common issues on Wikiversity involve:
* determining whether content is appropriate fore the main namespace; and 
* managing disruptive user behaviour, including spillover from disputes on other sister projects

These two issues are often interconnected.

Also note that not everything about what makes a wiki work/not work can be found in these policies. One of the common debates, for example, is over how users, curators, custodians, and bureaucrats interpret and act/don't act on the policies. Other key debates include application of the policies and support staff attitudes towards fostering a &quot;developist&quot; culture compared to a &quot;deletionist&quot; culture. Broader literature about Wikiversity can be found in the Wikiversity namespace, e.g., some especially useful links are:
{{Administering Wikiversity horizontal}}

==People and tools==
Thirdly, candidate custodians on Wikiversity should familiarise themselves with ''people'' and ''tools''. 
* Regarding ''people'', communication is vital, so correspond with your mentor, share about yourself on your user page, discuss ideas and questions on talk pages, and possibly also on the mailing list, IRC etc. See if you can work out how to add News, Announcements, and Site notices.
* Regarding ''tools'', probationary custodians should already be familiar with [[Help:Editing]] but a thorough review is recommended (e.g., do you understand [[Help:Templates|templates]]?) and should try out the sysop tools during their probationary period, including [[Help:Deleting|deleting]] (see also [[Help:Oversight|oversight]]), [[Help:Blocking|blocking]], [[Help:Protection|protection]]. Since use of each of these tools runs a potentially strong risk of community upset, but also to not use these tools when appropriate similar runs risk of community upset, you should get familiar with how they work (each action can be undone) and you should then seek guidance from others about their subsequent use in real situations.

==Reading list==
*[[/Blocking/]] (on Wikiversity)
*[[/Deletion/]] (on Wikiversity)

===Policies===
'''''Community task''''': ''Make a reading list of [[Project:policies|policies]] which the community thinks should be read and understood by custodians. Use a helpful order for reading.'':&lt;br&gt;
# [[Project:Custodianship|Custodianship]] (official)
# [[Project:Deletion policy|Deletion policy]] (proposed)
# [[Project:Blocking policy|Blocking policy]] (proposed)
# [[Project:Catalyst|Catalyst]] (proposed)
# ''list here''

Here is a list of {{tl|Official policies}} and {{tl|Proposed policies}}:
{{Official policies}}
{{Proposed policies}}

===Other suggested===
* [[Wikiversity:Custodianship#Useful reads for Custodians]]
* {{tl|Administering Wikiversity}}
* [[:Category:Wikiversity culture]]
* [[:Category:Wikiversity development]]
* [[:Category:Educational wikis]]
* [[User:Gbaor/Custodianship]] - a useful collection of custodian-training links
* It is a good idea to also read about controversial and 'sticky' custodial-type issues, e.g., [[Wikiversity talk:Custodianship]] and [[Wikiversity:Community Review]]

[[Category:Advanced Wikiversity]]
[[Category:How to be a Wikimedia sysop]]
[[Category:Wikiversity custodianship]]</text>
      <sha1>7f68znrjudptslt1qph4ixco65iac41</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2810072</id>
      <parentid>2810071</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T10:17:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
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      <text bytes="4674" sha1="2ptyfe4df0ff3i3e80syqi869rd0z58" xml:space="preserve">{{TOCright}}
{{25%done}}
{{wikiversity-stub}}
In addition to the generic content about [[How to be a Wikimedia sysop]], which is about being an administrator on [[Wikimedia Foundation]] [[sister projects]], this page seeks to provide guidance on sysop-related matters for [[Wikiversity]]. Note that on [[Wikiversity]], sysop status is referred to as '[[Project:custodianship|custodianship]]'.

==[[What is Wikiversity?]]==
One of the first starting points should be for custodian candidates to appreciate and understand Wikiversity's [[WV:Scope|scope]], [[WV:Mission|mission]], and [[WV:Vision|vision]]. Since these are all in development, candidates are strongly encourage to contribute to improvements. An understanding of Wikiversity's [[WV:History|history]] is also advisable. Sysops coming from other WMF projects are enouraged to appreciate that the Wikiversity scope for acceptable content is considerably broader than on the other projects because the mission is about providing learning content and learning spaces. Sysops coming from other projects are encouraged to engage in discussion with other contributors to help determine what content what or may not be considered to be within Wikiversity's scope.

==Policies==
Candidate custodians on Wikiversity are strongly encouraged to familiarise themselves with [[Wikiversity:Policies]]. Policies attempt to make clear what ''processes'' to follow. But many of the policies are still in draft format. The most common issues on Wikiversity involve:
* determining whether content is appropriate fore the main namespace; and 
* managing disruptive user behaviour, including spillover from disputes on other sister projects

These two issues are often interconnected.

Also note that not everything about what makes a wiki work/not work can be found in these policies. One of the common debates, for example, is over how users, curators, custodians, and bureaucrats interpret and act/don't act on the policies. Other key debates include application of the policies and support staff attitudes towards fostering a &quot;developist&quot; culture compared to a &quot;deletionist&quot; culture.

==People and tools==
Caandidate custodians on Wikiversity should familiarise themselves with ''people'' and ''tools''. 
* Regarding ''people'', communication is vital, so correspond with your mentor, share about yourself on your user page, discuss ideas and questions on talk pages, and possibly also on the mailing list, IRC etc. See if you can work out how to add News, Announcements, and Site notices.
* Regarding ''tools'', probationary custodians should already be familiar with [[Help:Editing]] but a thorough review is recommended (e.g., do you understand [[Help:Templates|templates]]?) and should try out the sysop tools during their probationary period, including [[Help:Deleting|deleting]] (see also [[Help:Oversight|oversight]]), [[Help:Blocking|blocking]], [[Help:Protection|protection]]. Since use of each of these tools runs a potentially strong risk of community upset, but also to not use these tools when appropriate similar runs risk of community upset, you should get familiar with how they work (each action can be undone) and you should then seek guidance from others about their subsequent use in real situations.

==Reading list==
*[[/Blocking/]] (on Wikiversity)
*[[/Deletion/]] (on Wikiversity)

===Policies===
'''''Community task''''': ''Make a reading list of [[Project:policies|policies]] which the community thinks should be read and understood by custodians. Use a helpful order for reading.'':&lt;br&gt;
# [[Project:Custodianship|Custodianship]] (official)
# [[Project:Deletion policy|Deletion policy]] (proposed)
# [[Project:Blocking policy|Blocking policy]] (proposed)
# [[Project:Catalyst|Catalyst]] (proposed)
# ''list here''

Here is a list of {{tl|Official policies}} and {{tl|Proposed policies}}:
{{Official policies}}
{{Proposed policies}}

===Administration===
Broader literature about Wikiversity can be found in the Wikiversity namespace, e.g., some especially useful links are:
{{Administering Wikiversity horizontal}}

===Other suggested===
* [[Wikiversity:Custodianship#Useful reads for Custodians]]
* {{tl|Administering Wikiversity}}
* [[:Category:Wikiversity culture]]
* [[:Category:Wikiversity development]]
* [[:Category:Educational wikis]]
* [[User:Gbaor/Custodianship]] - a useful collection of custodian-training links
* It is a good idea to also read about controversial and 'sticky' custodial-type issues, e.g., [[Wikiversity talk:Custodianship]] and [[Wikiversity:Community Review]]

[[Category:Advanced Wikiversity]]
[[Category:How to be a Wikimedia sysop]]
[[Category:Wikiversity custodianship]]</text>
      <sha1>2ptyfe4df0ff3i3e80syqi869rd0z58</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2810073</id>
      <parentid>2810072</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T10:25:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
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      <text bytes="4704" sha1="ogsv86slswtpypzz0o0nvcqosf221lh" xml:space="preserve">{{TOCright}}
{{wikiversity-stub}}
In addition to the generic content about [[How to be a Wikimedia sysop]], which is about being an administrator on [[Wikimedia Foundation]] [[sister projects]], this page seeks to provide guidance on sysop-related matters for [[Wikiversity]]. Note that on [[Wikiversity]], sysop status is referred to as '[[Project:custodianship|custodianship]]'.

==[[What is Wikiversity?]]==
One of the first starting points should be for custodian candidates to appreciate and understand Wikiversity's [[WV:Scope|scope]], [[WV:Mission|mission]], and [[WV:Vision|vision]]. Since these are all in development, candidates are strongly encourage to contribute to improvements. An understanding of Wikiversity's [[WV:History|history]] is also advisable. Sysops coming from other WMF projects are enouraged to appreciate that the Wikiversity scope for acceptable content is considerably broader than on the other projects because the mission is about providing learning content and learning spaces. Sysops coming from other projects are encouraged to engage in discussion with other contributors to help determine what content what or may not be considered to be within Wikiversity's scope.

==Policies==
Candidate custodians on Wikiversity are strongly encouraged to familiarise themselves with [[Wikiversity:Policies]]. Policies attempt to make clear what ''processes'' to follow. But many of the policies are still in draft format. The most common issues on Wikiversity involve:
* determining whether content is appropriate fore the main namespace; and 
* managing disruptive user behaviour, including spillover from disputes on other sister projects

These two issues are often interconnected.

Also note that not everything about what makes a wiki work/not work can be found in these policies. One of the common debates, for example, is over how users, curators, custodians, and bureaucrats interpret and act/don't act on the policies. Other key debates include application of the policies and support staff attitudes towards fostering a &quot;developist&quot; culture compared to a &quot;deletionist&quot; culture.

==People and tools==
Caandidate custodians on Wikiversity should familiarise themselves with ''people'' and ''tools''. 
* Regarding ''people'', communication is vital, so correspond with your mentor, share about yourself on your user page, discuss ideas and questions on talk pages, and possibly also on the mailing list, IRC etc. See if you can work out how to add News, Announcements, and Site notices.
* Regarding ''tools'', probationary custodians should already be familiar with [[Help:Editing]] but a thorough review is recommended (e.g., do you understand [[Help:Templates|templates]]?) and should try out the sysop tools during their probationary period, including [[Help:Deleting|deleting]] (see also [[Help:Oversight|oversight]]), [[Help:Blocking|blocking]], [[Help:Protection|protection]]. Since use of each of these tools runs a potentially strong risk of community upset, but also to not use these tools when appropriate similar runs risk of community upset, you should get familiar with how they work (each action can be undone) and you should then seek guidance from others about their subsequent use in real situations.

==Reading list==
Since deletion can be particularly controversial, see further advice here:
*[[/Deletion/]] (on Wikiversity)

===Policies===
'''''Community task''''': ''Make a reading list of [[Project:policies|policies]] which the community thinks should be read and understood by custodians. Use a helpful order for reading.'':&lt;br&gt;
# [[Project:Custodianship|Custodianship]] (official)
# [[Project:Deletion policy|Deletion policy]] (proposed)
# [[Project:Blocking policy|Blocking policy]] (proposed)
# [[Project:Catalyst|Catalyst]] (proposed)
# ''list here''

Here is a list of {{tl|Official policies}} and {{tl|Proposed policies}}:
{{Official policies}}
{{Proposed policies}}

===Administration===
Broader literature about Wikiversity can be found in the Wikiversity namespace, e.g., some especially useful links are:
{{Administering Wikiversity horizontal}}

===Other suggested===
* [[Wikiversity:Custodianship#Useful reads for Custodians]]
* {{tl|Administering Wikiversity}}
* [[:Category:Wikiversity culture]]
* [[:Category:Wikiversity development]]
* [[:Category:Educational wikis]]
* [[User:Gbaor/Custodianship]] - a useful collection of custodian-training links
* It is a good idea to also read about controversial and 'sticky' custodial-type issues, e.g., [[Wikiversity talk:Custodianship]] and [[Wikiversity:Community Review]]

[[Category:Advanced Wikiversity]]
[[Category:How to be a Wikimedia sysop]]
[[Category:Wikiversity custodianship]]</text>
      <sha1>ogsv86slswtpypzz0o0nvcqosf221lh</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2810074</id>
      <parentid>2810073</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T10:26:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
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      <origin>2810074</origin>
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      <text bytes="4745" sha1="8jpw6ehywxu0ahi025593i3fq0ggjmq" xml:space="preserve">{{TOCright}}
{{Notice|This resource is in development. Please add to it.}}
In addition to the generic content about [[How to be a Wikimedia sysop]], which is about being an administrator on [[Wikimedia Foundation]] [[sister projects]], this page seeks to provide guidance on sysop-related matters for [[Wikiversity]]. Note that on [[Wikiversity]], sysop status is referred to as '[[Project:custodianship|custodianship]]'.

==[[What is Wikiversity?]]==
One of the first starting points should be for custodian candidates to appreciate and understand Wikiversity's [[WV:Scope|scope]], [[WV:Mission|mission]], and [[WV:Vision|vision]]. Since these are all in development, candidates are strongly encourage to contribute to improvements. An understanding of Wikiversity's [[WV:History|history]] is also advisable. Sysops coming from other WMF projects are enouraged to appreciate that the Wikiversity scope for acceptable content is considerably broader than on the other projects because the mission is about providing learning content and learning spaces. Sysops coming from other projects are encouraged to engage in discussion with other contributors to help determine what content what or may not be considered to be within Wikiversity's scope.

==Policies==
Candidate custodians on Wikiversity are strongly encouraged to familiarise themselves with [[Wikiversity:Policies]]. Policies attempt to make clear what ''processes'' to follow. But many of the policies are still in draft format. The most common issues on Wikiversity involve:
* determining whether content is appropriate fore the main namespace; and 
* managing disruptive user behaviour, including spillover from disputes on other sister projects

These two issues are often interconnected.

Also note that not everything about what makes a wiki work/not work can be found in these policies. One of the common debates, for example, is over how users, curators, custodians, and bureaucrats interpret and act/don't act on the policies. Other key debates include application of the policies and support staff attitudes towards fostering a &quot;developist&quot; culture compared to a &quot;deletionist&quot; culture.

==People and tools==
Caandidate custodians on Wikiversity should familiarise themselves with ''people'' and ''tools''. 
* Regarding ''people'', communication is vital, so correspond with your mentor, share about yourself on your user page, discuss ideas and questions on talk pages, and possibly also on the mailing list, IRC etc. See if you can work out how to add News, Announcements, and Site notices.
* Regarding ''tools'', probationary custodians should already be familiar with [[Help:Editing]] but a thorough review is recommended (e.g., do you understand [[Help:Templates|templates]]?) and should try out the sysop tools during their probationary period, including [[Help:Deleting|deleting]] (see also [[Help:Oversight|oversight]]), [[Help:Blocking|blocking]], [[Help:Protection|protection]]. Since use of each of these tools runs a potentially strong risk of community upset, but also to not use these tools when appropriate similar runs risk of community upset, you should get familiar with how they work (each action can be undone) and you should then seek guidance from others about their subsequent use in real situations.

==Reading list==
Since deletion can be particularly controversial, see further advice here:
*[[/Deletion/]] (on Wikiversity)

===Policies===
'''''Community task''''': ''Make a reading list of [[Project:policies|policies]] which the community thinks should be read and understood by custodians. Use a helpful order for reading.'':&lt;br&gt;
# [[Project:Custodianship|Custodianship]] (official)
# [[Project:Deletion policy|Deletion policy]] (proposed)
# [[Project:Blocking policy|Blocking policy]] (proposed)
# [[Project:Catalyst|Catalyst]] (proposed)
# ''list here''

Here is a list of {{tl|Official policies}} and {{tl|Proposed policies}}:
{{Official policies}}
{{Proposed policies}}

===Administration===
Broader literature about Wikiversity can be found in the Wikiversity namespace, e.g., some especially useful links are:
{{Administering Wikiversity horizontal}}

===Other suggested===
* [[Wikiversity:Custodianship#Useful reads for Custodians]]
* {{tl|Administering Wikiversity}}
* [[:Category:Wikiversity culture]]
* [[:Category:Wikiversity development]]
* [[:Category:Educational wikis]]
* [[User:Gbaor/Custodianship]] - a useful collection of custodian-training links
* It is a good idea to also read about controversial and 'sticky' custodial-type issues, e.g., [[Wikiversity talk:Custodianship]] and [[Wikiversity:Community Review]]

[[Category:Advanced Wikiversity]]
[[Category:How to be a Wikimedia sysop]]
[[Category:Wikiversity custodianship]]</text>
      <sha1>8jpw6ehywxu0ahi025593i3fq0ggjmq</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2810075</id>
      <parentid>2810074</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T10:27:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>2810075</origin>
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      <text bytes="4754" sha1="md01dghmtotis7ru5h5o2dpyr0hna1q" xml:space="preserve">{{TOCright}}
{{Notice|This resource is in development. Please add to it.}}
In addition to the generic content about [[How to be a Wikimedia sysop]], which is about being an administrator on [[Wikimedia Foundation]] [[sister projects]], this page provides guidance on sysop-related matters for [[Wikiversity]]. Note that on [[Wikiversity]], sysop status is referred to as [[Project:custodianship|custodianship]].

==[[What is Wikiversity?]]==
One of the first starting points should be for custodian candidates to appreciate and understand Wikiversity's [[WV:Scope|scope]], [[WV:Mission|mission]], and [[WV:Vision|vision]]. Since these are all in development, candidates are strongly encourage to contribute to improvements. An understanding of Wikiversity's [[WV:History|history]] is also advisable. Sysops coming from other WMF projects are enouraged to appreciate that the Wikiversity scope for acceptable content is considerably broader than on the other projects because the mission is about providing learning content and learning spaces. Sysops coming from other projects are encouraged to engage in discussion with other contributors to help determine what content what or may not be considered to be within Wikiversity's scope.

==Policies==
Secondly, candidate custodians on Wikiversity are strongly encouraged to familiarise themselves with [[Wikiversity:Policies]]. Policies attempt to make clear what ''processes'' to follow. But many of the policies are still in draft format. The most common issues on Wikiversity involve:
* determining whether content is appropriate fore the main namespace; and 
* managing disruptive user behaviour, including spillover from disputes on other sister projects

These two issues are often interconnected.

Also note that not everything about what makes a wiki work/not work can be found in these policies. One of the common debates, for example, is over how users, curators, custodians, and bureaucrats interpret and act/don't act on the policies. Other key debates include application of the policies and support staff attitudes towards fostering a &quot;developist&quot; culture compared to a &quot;deletionist&quot; culture.

==People and tools==
Thirdly, caandidate custodians on Wikiversity should familiarise themselves with ''people'' and ''tools''. 
* Regarding ''people'', communication is vital, so correspond with your mentor, share about yourself on your user page, discuss ideas and questions on talk pages, and possibly also on the mailing list, IRC etc. See if you can work out how to add News, Announcements, and Site notices.
* Regarding ''tools'', probationary custodians should already be familiar with [[Help:Editing]] but a thorough review is recommended (e.g., do you understand [[Help:Templates|templates]]?) and should try out the sysop tools during their probationary period, including [[Help:Deleting|deleting]] (see also [[Help:Oversight|oversight]]), [[Help:Blocking|blocking]], [[Help:Protection|protection]]. Since use of each of these tools runs a potentially strong risk of community upset, but also to not use these tools when appropriate similar runs risk of community upset, you should get familiar with how they work (each action can be undone) and you should then seek guidance from others about their subsequent use in real situations.

==Reading list==
Since deletion can be particularly controversial, see further advice here:
*[[/Deletion/]] (on Wikiversity)

===Policies===
'''''Community task''''': ''Make a reading list of [[Project:policies|policies]] which the community thinks should be read and understood by custodians. Use a helpful order for reading.'':&lt;br&gt;
# [[Project:Custodianship|Custodianship]] (official)
# [[Project:Deletion policy|Deletion policy]] (proposed)
# [[Project:Blocking policy|Blocking policy]] (proposed)
# [[Project:Catalyst|Catalyst]] (proposed)
# ''list here''

Here is a list of {{tl|Official policies}} and {{tl|Proposed policies}}:
{{Official policies}}
{{Proposed policies}}

===Administration===
Broader literature about Wikiversity can be found in the Wikiversity namespace, e.g., some especially useful links are:
{{Administering Wikiversity horizontal}}

===Other suggested===
* [[Wikiversity:Custodianship#Useful reads for Custodians]]
* {{tl|Administering Wikiversity}}
* [[:Category:Wikiversity culture]]
* [[:Category:Wikiversity development]]
* [[:Category:Educational wikis]]
* [[User:Gbaor/Custodianship]] - a useful collection of custodian-training links
* It is a good idea to also read about controversial and &quot;sticky&quot; custodial-type issues, e.g., [[Wikiversity talk:Custodianship]] and [[Wikiversity:Community Review]]

[[Category:Advanced Wikiversity]]
[[Category:How to be a Wikimedia sysop]]
[[Category:Wikiversity custodianship]]</text>
      <sha1>md01dghmtotis7ru5h5o2dpyr0hna1q</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>MediaWiki:Deletereason-dropdown</title>
    <ns>8</ns>
    <id>62371</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2809974</id>
      <parentid>2777325</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-17T23:09:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Simplify - remove &quot;Please help participants learn&quot; for vandalism, solicitation, and spam</comment>
      <origin>2809974</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="873" sha1="0hkz03mh1k56u60udkd5ufwx3xvgdrm" xml:space="preserve">* Speedy deletion reasons
**[[WV:SD|Test page]]. Welcome to Wikiversity. Please experiment in the [[Wikiversity:Sandbox|sandbox]]
**[[WV:SD|Vandalism]]
**[[WV:SD|Solicitation]]
**[[WV:SD|Spam]]
**[[WV:SD|A repost]]. Please [[WV:RFD#Undeletion requests|request undeletion]] instead
**[[WV:SD|Author request]]
**[[WV:SD|Empty category]]
**[[WV:SD|Empty page]]
**[[WV:SD|Copyrighted work]] does not satisfy [[Foundation:Terms of Use|Terms of Use]]
**Orphaned, broken, or unused redirect
**No [[Wikiversity:Research|research]] objectives or discussion in history
**No [[WV:WIW|educational]] objectives or discussion in history
* Less common reasons
**Abandoned resource
**Per [[WV:PROD]]
**Per [[Wikiversity:Deletions#Discussion|request for deletion]]
**Not English. See https://www.wikiversity.org to find where contributions may be appreciated
**History merge
**Deletion test</text>
      <sha1>0hkz03mh1k56u60udkd5ufwx3xvgdrm</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2809977</id>
      <parentid>2809974</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-17T23:42:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Sort and modify list for greater consistency with [[Wikiversity:Deletions#Criteria for speedy deletion]]</comment>
      <origin>2809977</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1144" sha1="ho4a7myys0dhwy990sk1nwn7gh13pwo" xml:space="preserve">* Speedy deletion reasons
**[[WV:SD|Test page]]. Welcome to Wikiversity. Please experiment in the [[Wikiversity:Sandbox|sandbox]]
**[[WV:SD|Vandalism]]
**[[WV:SD|Solicitation]]
**[[WV:SD|Spam]]
**[[WV:SD|A repost]]. Please [[WV:RFD#Undeletion requests|request undeletion]] instead
**[[WV:SD|Author request]]
**[[WV:SD|Empty category]]
**[[WV:SD|Empty page]]
**[[WV:SD|Copyrighted work]] does not satisfy [[Foundation:Terms of Use|Terms of Use]]
**Orphaned, broken, or unused redirect
**No [[WV:WIW|educational objectives]] or discussion in history
**No [[Wikiversity:Research|research objectives]] or discussion in history
* Less common reasons
**Abandoned resource
**Per [[WV:PROD|proposed deletion]]
**Per [[Wikiversity:Deletions#Discussion|request for deletion]]
**Basic maintenance such as repairing cut-and-paste moves
**Discussion about deleted resource where context is lost
**Resource [[m:transwiki|moved]]''' to another project
**Unused file without license or source
**Ethical breach. Resource may cause harm
**Not English. See https://www.wikiversity.org to find where contributions may be appreciated
**History merge
**Deletion test</text>
      <sha1>ho4a7myys0dhwy990sk1nwn7gh13pwo</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2809982</id>
      <parentid>2809977</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-17T23:59:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Remove &quot;please&quot; (verbose)</comment>
      <origin>2809982</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1130" sha1="ouq2yinddfxea2ghsl1po1jprt46z8w" xml:space="preserve">* Speedy deletion reasons
**[[WV:SD|Test page]]. Welcome to Wikiversity. Experiment in the [[Wikiversity:Sandbox|sandbox]]
**[[WV:SD|Vandalism]]
**[[WV:SD|Solicitation]]
**[[WV:SD|Spam]]
**[[WV:SD|A repost]]. [[WV:RFD#Undeletion requests|Request undeletion]] instead
**[[WV:SD|Author request]]
**[[WV:SD|Empty category]]
**[[WV:SD|Empty page]]
**[[WV:SD|Copyrighted work]] does not satisfy [[Foundation:Terms of Use|Terms of Use]]
**Orphaned, broken, or unused redirect
**No [[WV:WIW|educational objectives]] or discussion in history
**No [[Wikiversity:Research|research objectives]] or discussion in history
* Less common reasons
**Abandoned resource
**Per [[WV:PROD|proposed deletion]]
**Per [[Wikiversity:Deletions#Discussion|request for deletion]]
**Basic maintenance such as repairing cut-and-paste moves
**Discussion about deleted resource where context is lost
**Resource [[m:transwiki|moved]]''' to another project
**Unused file without license or source
**Ethical breach. Resource may cause harm
**Not English. See https://www.wikiversity.org to find where contributions may be appreciated
**History merge
**Deletion test</text>
      <sha1>ouq2yinddfxea2ghsl1po1jprt46z8w</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2809983</id>
      <parentid>2809982</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T00:00:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>2809983</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1110" sha1="7pvhswb2yitcl9x9upn4259fnsasodg" xml:space="preserve">* Speedy deletion reasons
**[[WV:SD|Test page]]. Welcome to Wikiversity. Experiment in the [[Wikiversity:Sandbox|sandbox]]
**[[WV:SD|Vandalism]]
**[[WV:SD|Solicitation]]
**[[WV:SD|Spam]]
**[[WV:SD|A repost]]. Instead [[WV:RFD|Request undeletion]]
**[[WV:SD|Author request]]
**[[WV:SD|Empty category]]
**[[WV:SD|Empty page]]
**[[WV:SD|Copyrighted work]] does not satisfy [[Foundation:Terms of Use|Terms of Use]]
**Orphaned, broken, or unused redirect
**No [[WV:WIW|educational objectives]] or discussion in history
**No [[Wikiversity:Research|research objectives]] or discussion in history
* Less common reasons
**Abandoned resource
**Per [[WV:PROD|proposed deletion]]
**Per [[Wikiversity:Deletions#Discussion|request for deletion]]
**Basic maintenance such as repairing cut-and-paste moves
**Discussion about deleted resource where context is lost
**Resource [[m:transwiki|moved]]''' to another project
**Unused file without license or source
**Ethical breach. Resource may cause harm
**Not English. See https://www.wikiversity.org to find where contributions may be appreciated
**History merge
**Deletion test</text>
      <sha1>7pvhswb2yitcl9x9upn4259fnsasodg</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2809984</id>
      <parentid>2809983</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T00:00:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>2809984</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1111" sha1="damwzftuvm38j9c1ilm5jq7ko4ovocs" xml:space="preserve">* Speedy deletion reasons
**[[WV:SD|Test page]]. Welcome to Wikiversity. Experiment in the [[Wikiversity:Sandbox|sandbox]]
**[[WV:SD|Vandalism]]
**[[WV:SD|Solicitation]]
**[[WV:SD|Spam]]
**[[WV:SD|A repost]]. Instead, [[WV:RFD|request undeletion]]
**[[WV:SD|Author request]]
**[[WV:SD|Empty category]]
**[[WV:SD|Empty page]]
**[[WV:SD|Copyrighted work]] does not satisfy [[Foundation:Terms of Use|Terms of Use]]
**Orphaned, broken, or unused redirect
**No [[WV:WIW|educational objectives]] or discussion in history
**No [[Wikiversity:Research|research objectives]] or discussion in history
* Less common reasons
**Abandoned resource
**Per [[WV:PROD|proposed deletion]]
**Per [[Wikiversity:Deletions#Discussion|request for deletion]]
**Basic maintenance such as repairing cut-and-paste moves
**Discussion about deleted resource where context is lost
**Resource [[m:transwiki|moved]]''' to another project
**Unused file without license or source
**Ethical breach. Resource may cause harm
**Not English. See https://www.wikiversity.org to find where contributions may be appreciated
**History merge
**Deletion test</text>
      <sha1>damwzftuvm38j9c1ilm5jq7ko4ovocs</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2809985</id>
      <parentid>2809984</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T00:01:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>2809985</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1112" sha1="c9v3z63jx2zfbrhdml10mitqvzgqxga" xml:space="preserve">* Speedy deletion reasons
**[[WV:SD|Test page]]. Welcome to Wikiversity. Experiment in the [[Wikiversity:Sandbox|sandbox]]
**[[WV:SD|Vandalism]]
**[[WV:SD|Solicitation]]
**[[WV:SD|Spam]]
**[[WV:SD|A repost]]. Instead, [[WV:RFD|request undeletion]]
**[[WV:SD|Author request]]
**[[WV:SD|Empty category]]
**[[WV:SD|Empty page]]
**[[WV:SD|Copyrighted work]] does not satisfy [[Foundation:Terms of Use|Terms of Use]]
**Orphaned, broken, or unused redirect
**No [[WV:WIW|educational objectives]] or discussion in history
**No [[Wikiversity:Research|research objectives]] or discussion in history
* Less common reasons
**Abandoned resource
**Per [[WV:PROD|proposed deletion]]
**Per [[Wikiversity:Deletions#Discussion|request for deletion]]
**Basic maintenance such as repairing cut-and-paste moves
**Discussion about deleted resource, where context is lost
**Resource [[m:transwiki|moved]]''' to another project
**Unused file without license or source
**Ethical breach. Resource may cause harm
**Not English. See https://www.wikiversity.org to find where contributions may be appreciated
**History merge
**Deletion test</text>
      <sha1>c9v3z63jx2zfbrhdml10mitqvzgqxga</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2810006</id>
      <parentid>2809985</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T01:18:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+ **[[WV:SD|Empty page]]</comment>
      <origin>2810006</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1135" sha1="r30j9sztd5dpra16fl3h138r8quz8mg" xml:space="preserve">* Speedy deletion reasons
**[[WV:SD|Test page]]. Welcome to Wikiversity. Experiment in the [[Wikiversity:Sandbox|sandbox]]
**[[WV:SD|Vandalism]]
**[[WV:SD|Solicitation]]
**[[WV:SD|Spam]]
**[[WV:SD|A repost]]. Instead, [[WV:RFD|request undeletion]]
**[[WV:SD|Author request]]
**[[WV:SD|Empty page]]
**[[WV:SD|Empty category]]
**[[WV:SD|Empty page]]
**[[WV:SD|Copyrighted work]] does not satisfy [[Foundation:Terms of Use|Terms of Use]]
**Orphaned, broken, or unused redirect
**No [[WV:WIW|educational objectives]] or discussion in history
**No [[Wikiversity:Research|research objectives]] or discussion in history
* Less common reasons
**Abandoned resource
**Per [[WV:PROD|proposed deletion]]
**Per [[Wikiversity:Deletions#Discussion|request for deletion]]
**Basic maintenance such as repairing cut-and-paste moves
**Discussion about deleted resource, where context is lost
**Resource [[m:transwiki|moved]]''' to another project
**Unused file without license or source
**Ethical breach. Resource may cause harm
**Not English. See https://www.wikiversity.org to find where contributions may be appreciated
**History merge
**Deletion test</text>
      <sha1>r30j9sztd5dpra16fl3h138r8quz8mg</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2810111</id>
      <parentid>2810006</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T11:11:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fix link</comment>
      <origin>2810111</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1136" sha1="6hgpj7p0nfwhkbku42qr70ixrisp2vl" xml:space="preserve">* Speedy deletion reasons
**[[WV:SD|Test page]]. Welcome to Wikiversity. Experiment in the [[Wikiversity:Sandbox|sandbox]]
**[[WV:SD|Vandalism]]
**[[WV:SD|Solicitation]]
**[[WV:SD|Spam]]
**[[WV:SD|A repost]]. Instead, [[WV:RFD|request undeletion]]
**[[WV:SD|Author request]]
**[[WV:SD|Empty page]]
**[[WV:SD|Empty category]]
**[[WV:SD|Empty page]]
**[[WV:SD|Copyrighted work]] does not satisfy [[Foundation:Terms of Use|Terms of Use]]
**Orphaned, broken, or unused redirect
**No [[WV:WIW|educational objectives]] or discussion in history
**No [[Wikiversity:Research|research objectives]] or discussion in history
* Less common reasons
**Abandoned resource
**Per [[WV:PROD|proposed deletion]]
**Per [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion|request for deletion]]
**Basic maintenance such as repairing cut-and-paste moves
**Discussion about deleted resource, where context is lost
**Resource [[m:transwiki|moved]]''' to another project
**Unused file without license or source
**Ethical breach. Resource may cause harm
**Not English. See https://www.wikiversity.org to find where contributions may be appreciated
**History merge
**Deletion test</text>
      <sha1>6hgpj7p0nfwhkbku42qr70ixrisp2vl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Firefox</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>63210</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2810063</id>
      <parentid>2768771</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T09:46:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elominius</username>
        <id>2911372</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+ intl.date_time.pattern_override.date_short</comment>
      <origin>2810063</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="11609" sha1="3dui3dqxfryjxpqdqxdmfr6j6synqn2" xml:space="preserve">==Setup==
* [https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/kb/make-firefox-your-default-browser How to make Firefox the default browser]

==Shortcuts==
* CTRL+W closes a tab
* CTRL+T opens a new tab
* CTRL+SHIFT+T reopens the last closed tab
* CTRL+↹Tabulator; CTRL+Shift+↹Tabulator; CTRL+PgUp/PgDn: switch through tabs.
* CTRL+Shift+PgUp/PgDn: move opened tab left or right respectively.
* F6 or Ctrl+L : Gets you right up into the Address/URL bar.
* F5 : Reload the page.
* CTRL+F5: Clear cache for the current page and reload the page.
* / or Ctrl+F: Search/find text on page
* Ctrl+K : Takes you to the Firefox search box.
* Ctrl+U : View the page’s source code.
* F10 : Access top menu (File, Edit, View, History, …).
* F11 : View the page in full-screen mode.
* F12 : Access developer tools such as page inspector.
* Ctrl+W : Closes the active tab.
* Ctrl+&lt;kbd&gt;=&lt;/kbd&gt; : Resets font size.
* Ctrl+&lt;kbd&gt;+&lt;/kbd&gt; : Increases font size.
* Ctrl+&lt;kbd&gt;-&lt;/kbd&gt; : Decreases font size.
* Ctrl+S : Save page
* Ctrl+Shift+I, F12: Open web development tools.

== Downloading ==
There are four main ways to download an internet resource:

* &lt;kbd&gt;Ctrl+S&lt;/kbd&gt; – Download currently viewed page. 

In the file saving dialogue, &quot;Web Page, complete&quot; takes the loaded page from memory and stores resources such as multimedia and style sheets and JavaScripts as individual files inside a &lt;code&gt;_files&lt;/code&gt; suffix directory. &quot;Web Page, HTML only&quot; saves the verbatim page source code downloaded from the server.

* &quot;Save Link as&quot; from right-click context menu (saves verbatim page source code)
* Dragging the URL or tab into the Download arrow in the tool bar.
* Pasting an URL from the clipboard into the opened download history (in the &quot;Library&quot; window or &lt;code&gt;about:downloads&lt;/code&gt;).

Additionally, the page source code can be saved by copying it from the web development tools and pasted into a text editor.

== Profiles == 
User profiles allow separating configuration, extensions, bookmarks, and history within Firefox. By default, there is one profile. The profile manager allows creating additional profiles. It can be opened by launching the Firefox process through a command line with the &lt;code&gt;-profilemanager&lt;/code&gt; parameter, without spaces.

Profile folders are typically located under &lt;code&gt;%AppData%\Mozilla\Firefox\&lt;/code&gt; on Microsoft Windows,&lt;code&gt;~/Library/Application Support/Firefox/&lt;/code&gt; on MacOS, and &lt;code&gt;~/.mozilla/firefox/&lt;/code&gt; on Linux and BSD. The profile manager allows manually specifying custom profile directories.&lt;ref&gt;[https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/kb/profile-manager-create-remove-switch-firefox-profiles?redirectslug=profile-manager-create-and-remove-firefox-profiles&amp;redirectlocale=en-US ''Profile Manager - Create, remove or switch Firefox profiles'' – Mozilla Support (knowledge base)]&lt;/ref&gt;

Relevant files in the profile folder are &lt;code&gt;places.sqlite&lt;/code&gt; for browsing history and download history and bookmarks, &lt;code&gt;cookies.sqlite&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;prefs.js&lt;/code&gt; for user preferences, and &lt;code&gt;containers.json&lt;/code&gt; for configuration of multi-account containers. Sessions are stored in &lt;code&gt;sessionstore.jsonlz4&lt;/code&gt; when closing the browser (before Firefox 56 of 2017, it was stored as plain JSON into &lt;code&gt;sessionstore.json&lt;/code&gt;), and backed up to &lt;code&gt;sessionstore-backups/recovery.jsonlz4&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;sessionstore-backups/recovery.baklz4&lt;/code&gt; while browsing for recovery in case of an unexpected process termination. The previous session is backed up to &lt;code&gt;sessionstore-backups/previous.jsonlz4&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;ref&gt;[https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/kb/profiles-where-firefox-stores-user-data Profiles - Where Firefox stores your bookmarks, passwords and other user data – Mozilla Support]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Advanced configuration ==
On the desktop edition (and earlier mobile versions), the &lt;code&gt;about:config&lt;/code&gt; page allows fine-tuning the browser. The search bar at the top facilitates finding properties.

Notable properties are:

* &lt;code&gt;browser.urlbar.trimURLs&lt;/code&gt; – may hide the protocol from the URL bar. Deactivate to always show the full URL including the protocol. Activated by default.
* &lt;code&gt;browser.tabs.insertAfterCurrent&lt;/code&gt; – open new tabs next to the currently active tab instead of at the end of the tab list.
* &lt;code&gt;javascript.enabled&lt;/code&gt; – deactivating usually increases speed and decreases CPU usage of [[:w:Progressive enhancement|progressively enhancing]] sites, but features implemented using JavaScript such as [[:mw:Extension:WikiEditor|the toolbar of the wikitext form]] and JavaScript-based sites such as Twitter web app will not work. Activated by default.
* &lt;code&gt;browser.backspace_action&lt;/code&gt; – this parameter adjusts the function of the backspace key if no text input field is active. &lt;code&gt;0&lt;/code&gt;: navigate to last page, &lt;code&gt;1&lt;/code&gt;: scroll up, if ''Shift'' key is held then scroll down. &lt;code&gt;2&lt;/code&gt;: deactivate.
* &lt;code&gt;dom.event.contextmenu.enabled&lt;/code&gt; – allows JavaScript to interfere with right-click context menu. Deactivating might interfere with some sites' functionality. Activated by default.
* &lt;code&gt;dom.event.clipboardevents.enabled&lt;/code&gt; – allows JavaScript to evaluate on-page text selection. Deactivating might interfere with some sites' functionality. Activated by default.
* &lt;code&gt;browser.download.autohideButton&lt;/code&gt; – hide download button if no downloads in current session. Activated by default.
* &lt;code&gt;browser.download.alwaysOpenPanel&lt;/code&gt; – Open list of recent downloads after a download finished.
* &lt;code&gt;browser.download.lastDir&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;browser.open.lastDir&lt;/code&gt; – last directory to which a file was downloaded or from which a file was opened through the file picker dialogue.
* &lt;code&gt;browser.startup.homepage&lt;/code&gt; – page displayed when starting a new session (if not restoring the previous session), and when pressing the button with the house icon.
* &lt;code&gt;dom.ipc.processCount.web&lt;/code&gt; – number of processes across which web content is distributed. Higher count increases performance but consumes more memory, thus recommended for computers with much RAM. Four by default. 
* &lt;code&gt;general.autoScroll&lt;/code&gt; – enable scrolling using middle mouse button press.
* &lt;code&gt;devtools.chrome.enabled&lt;/code&gt; – enable write access to browser console, accessed using Ctrl+Shift+J.
* &lt;code&gt;browser.cache.disk.capacity&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;browser.cache.offline.capacity&lt;/code&gt; disk cache capacity, mainly used for static resources to save bandwidth. Difference between values unclear yet. – Values in Kilobytes.
* &lt;code&gt;places.history.expiration.transient_current_max_pages&lt;/code&gt;: number of entries retained in the browsing history database (&lt;code&gt;places.sqlite&lt;/code&gt; file). According to a moderator of Mozilla's support forum, the value is read-only by default but can be adjusted through the &lt;code&gt;places.history.expiration.max_pages&lt;/code&gt; property, which has to be added manually.&lt;ref&gt;[https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/questions/1275209#answer-1274292 Answer to ''FF 71. Cannot change value in setting places.history.expiration.transient_current_max_pages'' | Firefox Support Forum | Mozilla Support (December 17, 2019)]&lt;/ref&gt;
* &lt;code&gt;accessibility.blockautorefresh&lt;/code&gt; – blocks &quot;meta refreshes&quot; and &quot;meta redirects&quot;, meaning refreshes and redirects using the &lt;code&gt;meta http-equiv&lt;/code&gt; tag, as well as redirects instructed by the &lt;code&gt;refresh&lt;/code&gt; [[:w:HTTP header|HTTP header]]. However, it does not block JavaScript-based redirects and refreshes, i. e. &lt;code&gt;document.location.href&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;[https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/questions/1327430 ''Enable/disable automatic redirect. | Firefox Support Forum | Mozilla Support'' (2/26/21)]&lt;/ref&gt;
* &lt;code&gt;security.csp.enable&lt;/code&gt; – Claimed by Mozilla to increase security against &quot;cross-site scripting&quot; (XSS) attacks.&lt;ref&gt;[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/CSP Content Security Policy (CSP) - HTTP] from Mozilla Developers Network&lt;/ref&gt; User reports suggest it interferes with the function of [[:w:JavaScript bookmarklet|bookmarklet]]s.&lt;ref&gt;[https://superuser.com/questions/586063/how-to-disable-csp-in-firefox-for-just-bookmarklets ''How to disable CSP in Firefox for just bookmarklets?'' – Super User]&lt;/ref&gt;
* &lt;code&gt;permissions.default.image&lt;/code&gt; – 1: Load images as usual (default); 2: Do not load images (usually for testing purposes or to save bandwidth);  3: Only load images from the same domain.&lt;ref&gt;https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/questions/981640&lt;/ref&gt;
* &lt;code&gt;media.videocontrols.picture-in-picture.video-toggle.enabled&lt;/code&gt; (or similar): show the picture-in-picture button in video players.
* &lt;code&gt;security.dialog_enable_delay&lt;/code&gt; – delay in milliseconds until the confirmation button in some dialogue boxes like downloading an executable file or installing an extension gets unlocked. Until then, it is [[:w:Grayed_out|&quot;grayed out&quot;]]. Default value: 1000 (1 second).&lt;ref&gt;[http://kb.mozillazine.org/Disable_extension_install_delay_-_Firefox ''Disable extension install delay - Firefox - MozillaZine Knowledge Base'']&lt;/ref&gt;
* &lt;code&gt;browser.cache.disk.enable&lt;/code&gt; – enable saving sites' resources locally to speed up loading.
* &lt;code&gt;browser.cache.disk.capacity&lt;/code&gt; – disk cache size in kilobytes.
* &lt;code&gt;browser.urlbar.update2.engineAliasRefresh&lt;/code&gt; – allow adding custom search engines.&lt;ref&gt;[https://superuser.com/questions/7327/how-to-add-a-custom-search-engine-to-firefox/1756774#1756774 How to add a custom search engine to Firefox? - Super User]&lt;/ref&gt;
* &lt;code&gt;accessibility.typeaheadfind.matchesCountLimit&lt;/code&gt; – Sets the limit for counting text matches when searching text on the current page. A high limit can slow down the browser on long pages. The default is 1000.
* &lt;code&gt;browser.privatebrowsing.forceMediaMemoryCache&lt;/code&gt; – While in [[:w:private_browsing|private browsing]], video and audio content is only cached into the computer's RAM, not the data storage. No such option exists for normal browsing as of early 2025.
* &lt;code&gt;browser.menu.showViewImageInfo&lt;/code&gt; – Show the &quot;View Image Info&quot; option in the context menu that appears when right-clicking a picture.
* &lt;code&gt;intl.date_time.pattern_override.date_short&lt;/code&gt; – Can be used to set a custom date and time format shown in various places such as the browsing history. For example &lt;code&gt;YYYY-MM-dd&lt;/code&gt; for ISO 8601.

== System pages ==
* &lt;code&gt;about:memory&lt;/code&gt; – internal process viewer.
* &lt;code&gt;about:processes&lt;/code&gt; – newer internal process manager. Introduced with Firefox 67 in early 2019.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.ghacks.net/2019/03/01/firefox-67-automatically-unload-unused-tabs-to-improve-memory/&lt;/ref&gt; Can be used to find tabs that are playing media in the background.
* &lt;code&gt;about:performance&lt;/code&gt; – similar to &lt;code&gt;about:processes&lt;/code&gt;, but with more beginner-friendly worded user interface, such as &quot;Energy impact&quot; instead of &quot;CPU&quot;. Introduced in late 2018.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ghacks.net/2018/10/11/this-is-firefoxs-upcoming-aboutperformance-page-huge-improvements/ This is Firefox's upcoming about:performance page (huge improvements) – Martin Brinkmann, 2018-10-11]&lt;/ref&gt;

==See also==
* [[w:Iceweasel|Iceweasel]] browser
* [[devmo:|Firefox Development Wiki]]
* [[MozillaZineKB:|Mozilla Knowledge-Base Wiki]]
* [[links (browser)]], [[lynx (browser)]], [[Elinks (browser)]] command line browsers
* [[CURL (software)|cURL]]

==External links==
* [http://www.qedoc.org/en/index.php?title=Mozilla_Firefox Mozilla Firefox] - Interactive learning quiz at Qedoc.org

[[Category:Firefox]]
[[Category:Web browsers]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Administering Wikiversity horizontal</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>72552</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2810083</id>
      <parentid>2770940</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T10:39:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Image -&gt; File</comment>
      <origin>2810083</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2747" sha1="8r6jzp7iqlny8tbaftqgfb9paqgqmf0" xml:space="preserve">{| style=&quot;float:center; clear:right;&quot; width=&quot;700px;&quot;
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{{Robelbox|theme=10|title=[[Wikiversity:Maintenance|Administering Wikiversity]]}}
{| style=&quot;background:transparent; color:inherit; font-size:85%;&quot; width=&quot;700px;&quot;
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&lt;!--&lt;p align=center style=&quot;font-size:80%; &quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;--&gt;
{{Col}}
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* [[Introduction to templates]]
* [[Help:Template|Template guide]]
* [[Wikiversity:Welcome templates|Welcome]]
* [[:Category:Page flag templates|Page flag]]
* [[:Category:Navigational templates|Navigation]]
* [[:Category:Administrative templates|Admin]]
* [[Wikiversity:Templates|Template task force]]
* [[Wikiversity:Barnstars|Barnstars]]
* [[Wikiversity:Userboxes|Userboxes]]
{{break}}
[[File:Wikiversity logo 2017.svg|16px]] '''Development'''
* [[Portal:Developing Wikiversity|Developing Wikiversity]]
* [[Wikiversity:Activity bars|Activity bars]]
* [[Wikiversity:Banners and buttons|Wikiversity logos]]
* [[Wikiversity:Service community|Service community]]
* [[Wikiversity:Metadata|Metadata]]
* [[MediaWiki Project]]
* [[MediaWiki/Introduction|MediaWiki]]
* [[Wikiversity:Technical needs|Technical needs]]
{{break}}
[[File:Wikiversity logo 2017.svg|16px]] '''Reference'''
* [[Wikiversity:Policies|Policies]]
* [[Wikiversity:Support staff|Custodians]]
* [[Wikiversity:Custodianship|Custodianship]] (policy)
* [[How to be a Wikimedia sysop|How to be a sysop]]
* [[Wikiversity:Wikiversity project proposal|Mission]]
* [[Managing vandalism]]
* [[m:MediaWiki|MediaWiki Handbook]]
* [[m:Help:ParserFunctions|Parser functions]]
* [[Special:Log|Logs]]
* [[Wikiversity:Bots|Bots]]
* [[Wikiversity:Consensus|Consensus]]
* [[Wikiversity:Statistics|Statistics]]
{{col/end}}
&lt;p align=center style=&quot;font-size:80%&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
|}
{{Robelbox/close}}
|}&lt;noinclude&gt;[[Category:Help]]
[[Category:Administrative templates]]
[[Category:Wikiversity maintenance navigational templates]]
[[Category:Wikiversity administration]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>8r6jzp7iqlny8tbaftqgfb9paqgqmf0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Help:Deleting</title>
    <ns>12</ns>
    <id>84264</id>
    <redirect title="Wikiversity:Deletion policy" />
    <revision>
      <id>2810086</id>
      <parentid>870534</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T10:44:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Update link</comment>
      <origin>2810086</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="37" sha1="h5jj91ubt8gc1cuu05hu5h55xa4vr1t" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Project:Deletion policy]]</text>
      <sha1>h5jj91ubt8gc1cuu05hu5h55xa4vr1t</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikiversity:Guidelines</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>85048</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2810020</id>
      <parentid>2804281</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T01:42:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* List of guidelines */ Remove * [[Wikiversity:Deletions]] - proposed policy instead</comment>
      <origin>2810020</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="288" sha1="0q01m3xhdhuiebvsqmyijx0bwgs6sd5" xml:space="preserve">This page lists the guidelines that are recommended by the [[WV:WHO|Wikiversity community]].

Also see [[Wikiversity:Policies]] and [[Wikiversity:Policies#Guidelines]].

== List of guidelines ==
* [[Wikiversity:Consensus]]
* [[Wikiversity:Username]]

[[Category:Wikiversity guidelines| ]]</text>
      <sha1>0q01m3xhdhuiebvsqmyijx0bwgs6sd5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikiversity:Child protection policy</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>97304</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2810002</id>
      <parentid>1526648</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T01:05:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>2810002</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3432" sha1="1mjsbpbx6vn90ith8wbg3do2arp27kl" xml:space="preserve">{{proposed|WV:CHILDPROTECT}}
{{Nutshell|Information that could potentially cause harm to minors is strictly forbidden to ensure that Wikiversity is an educational environment that is welcoming to schools of all types.}}

This policy addresses concerns related to protecting our younger participants to keep them safe.

== General ==
Wikiversity [[Wikiversity:Who are Wikiversity participants?|participants]] often assume a level of maturity on the part of learners. Learning resources and discussions may reflect this assumption. Parents are strongly advised to supervise their children and review resources before giving their child or children permission to use and contribute to Wikiversity.

A machine readable notice must be placed at the top of resources intended to be appropriate for children, containing a general disclaimer which will hopefully permit access by child protection software. Resources intended to be appropriate for children must not depict adult situations, including files of an explicit or sexual nature, sexually suggestive content, discussion of drug use, or similar material. Resources without this machine readable notice may not be appropriate for children.

Resources which no longer intend to be, no longer are, or are not appropriate for children must not include this machine readable notice. If you add inappropriate material or files to resources intended to be appropriate for children, you may be blocked for 7 days, unless there is a consensus that the resources in question should no longer attempt to be appropriate for children and the notice was removed beforehand. If a decision to block for more than 7 days is needed, discussion will begin at [[Wikiversity:Community Review]].

We are endeavoring to see whether child protection software can filter works which do not contain a machine readable notice.

==Bullying==
[[File:Bully Free Zone.jpg|thumb|right|Bullying is counter-productive.]]

Wikiversity has a zero tolerance policy towards bullying. You are expected to act with [[Wikiversity:Civility|civility]] towards one another. If you condone or bully another person you may be (temporarily) blocked. If you feel that another person on Wikiversity is behaving in a way that is distressing, please tell a responsible adult to [[Wikiversity:Request custodian action|notify the custodians]]. Do not continue to communicate with the other person. Do not give out personal information to anyone.

See also: [[Wikiversity:Civility]]

==Pedophiles==
Wikiversity has a zero tolerance policy regarding pedophiles. Anyone condoning pedophilia or identified as a pedophile will be blocked indefinitely. If you are a younger editor and feel that another person on Wikiversity is behaving in a way that you feel threatens your personal safety, please tell a responsible adult to [[Wikiversity:Request custodian action|notify the custodians]]. Do not continue to communicate with the other person. Do not give out personal information to anyone.

==Action==
If you believe a person is violating this policy, please report it at [[Wikiversity:Request custodian action]]. If a decision by the community is needed the discussion may be moved to [[Wikiversity:Community Review]] for review by the community.

==See also==
* [[Wikiversity:Privacy policy]]

{{Official policies}}
{{Proposed policies}}

[[Category:Wikiversity policy]]

[[ar:ويكي الجامعة:سياسة حماية الطفل]]</text>
      <sha1>1mjsbpbx6vn90ith8wbg3do2arp27kl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:Jtneill/Admin</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>98506</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2810082</id>
      <parentid>1268927</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T10:38:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>2810082</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="634" sha1="nqsl1ekn8knmp9a5d06ltib70vv722r" xml:space="preserve">{|-
|-
| 
&lt;categorytree mode=all&gt;Candidates for speedy deletion&lt;/categorytree&gt;

&lt;categorytree mode=all&gt;Requests for own page deletion&lt;/categorytree&gt;

[[:Category:Images with unknown copyright status]]

[[:Category:Pending deletions]]

[[:Category:Wikiversity pages needing to be renamed]]

[[Wikiversity:Request custodian action|Request custodian action]]

[[Wikiversity:Notices for custodians|Notices for custodians]]

[[Wikiversity:Import|Import]]

{{Policies}}
{{Special:Newpages/25}}
{{Administering Wikiversity horizontal}}
&lt;!-- | {{Administering Wikiversity}} --&gt;
|}
{{opentask}}
&lt;noinclude&gt;[[Category:User:Jtneill]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>nqsl1ekn8knmp9a5d06ltib70vv722r</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion/header</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>102873</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2810061</id>
      <parentid>2752426</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T09:43:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+ category and TOC</comment>
      <origin>2810061</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2732" sha1="iqy93te9mvp91otteq3xtt53mnpzz39" xml:space="preserve">__NEWSECTIONLINK__
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
[[Wikiversity:Deletions|Deletion guideline]] {{!}}
[[Special:Log/delete|Deletion log]] {{!}}
[[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion/Archives|Archives]]
{{#tag:inputbox |
type=fulltext
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searchbuttonlabel=Search
break=no
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&lt;/div&gt;
{{RoundBoxTop}}
{{shortcut|WV:RFD|WV:DR}}
We welcome and appreciate [[WV:CIVIL|civil]] discussion of '''requests to delete or undelete''' pages when reasonable objections are made or are likely, the advice in [[Wikiversity:Deletions]] is followed, and other options have failed. A good attitude is to explain what you have tried, ask for help or advice from fellow [[Wikiversity:Who are Wikiversity participants?|Wikiversity participants]] on what to do now, keep an open mind, accept any community consensus, and focus on how pages can be improved. Finding ways to improve pages is the preferred outcome of any discussion and [[Wikiversity:Consensus|consensus]] here. Pages should always be kept when reasonable concerns are adequately addressed. Reasons and responses should be specific and relate to Wikiversity policy or scope in some way, kept brief, and stated in a positive or neutral way. Vague reasons (&quot;out of scope&quot;, &quot;disruptive&quot;) may be ignored.

A clear consensus should emerge before archiving a request. Often discussion takes a week or more to reach a clear consensus. Remember to add {{tl|dr}} to the top of pages nominated for deletion. You can put &quot;keep&quot;, &quot;delete&quot;, or &quot;neutral&quot; at the beginning of your response, but consensus is established by discussion and reasoning, not mere voting.

'''How to begin discussion'''
# Add '''{{tl|Deletion request}}''' or '''{{tl|dr}}''' to the image, category or resource nominated for deletion.
# Add a [[Special:NewSection/Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion|new section]] to the end of this page using the following format:
#:&lt;nowiki&gt;== [[Page title]] ==&lt;/nowiki&gt;
#:&lt;nowiki&gt;reasons why this page ought to be deleted --~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;

'''Scope:''' If an article should be deleted and does not meet [[WV:SPEEDY|speedy deletion criteria]], please list it here. Include the title and reason for deletion. If it meets speedy deletion criteria, just tag the resource with {{tlx|Delete|reason}} rather than opening a deletion discussion here.

'''Undeletion:''' If an article has been deleted, and you would like it undeleted, please list it here. Please try to give as close to the title as possible, and list your reasons for why it should be restored. The first line after the header should be: '''Undeletion requested'''
{{RoundBoxBottom}}

'''Deletion requests follow.'''&lt;includeonly&gt;

[[Category:Wikiversity deletion]]

__TOC__&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>iqy93te9mvp91otteq3xtt53mnpzz39</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2810062</id>
      <parentid>2810061</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T09:44:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>guideline -&gt; policy</comment>
      <origin>2810062</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2735" sha1="tatalp24aug1fqkuhykt32ciivlag7j" xml:space="preserve">__NEWSECTIONLINK__
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
[[Wikiversity:Deletion policy|Deletion policy]] {{!}}
[[Special:Log/delete|Deletion log]] {{!}}
[[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion/Archives|Archives]]
{{#tag:inputbox |
type=fulltext
width=31
buttonlabel=Go
searchbuttonlabel=Search
break=no
prefix={{FULLPAGENAME}}/Archives/
}}
&lt;/div&gt;
{{RoundBoxTop}}
{{shortcut|WV:RFD|WV:DR}}
We welcome and appreciate [[WV:CIVIL|civil]] discussion of '''requests to delete or undelete''' pages when reasonable objections are made or are likely, the advice in [[Wikiversity:Deletions]] is followed, and other options have failed. A good attitude is to explain what you have tried, ask for help or advice from fellow [[Wikiversity:Who are Wikiversity participants?|Wikiversity participants]] on what to do now, keep an open mind, accept any community consensus, and focus on how pages can be improved. Finding ways to improve pages is the preferred outcome of any discussion and [[Wikiversity:Consensus|consensus]] here. Pages should always be kept when reasonable concerns are adequately addressed. Reasons and responses should be specific and relate to Wikiversity policy or scope in some way, kept brief, and stated in a positive or neutral way. Vague reasons (&quot;out of scope&quot;, &quot;disruptive&quot;) may be ignored.

A clear consensus should emerge before archiving a request. Often discussion takes a week or more to reach a clear consensus. Remember to add {{tl|dr}} to the top of pages nominated for deletion. You can put &quot;keep&quot;, &quot;delete&quot;, or &quot;neutral&quot; at the beginning of your response, but consensus is established by discussion and reasoning, not mere voting.

'''How to begin discussion'''
# Add '''{{tl|Deletion request}}''' or '''{{tl|dr}}''' to the image, category or resource nominated for deletion.
# Add a [[Special:NewSection/Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion|new section]] to the end of this page using the following format:
#:&lt;nowiki&gt;== [[Page title]] ==&lt;/nowiki&gt;
#:&lt;nowiki&gt;reasons why this page ought to be deleted --~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;

'''Scope:''' If an article should be deleted and does not meet [[WV:SPEEDY|speedy deletion criteria]], please list it here. Include the title and reason for deletion. If it meets speedy deletion criteria, just tag the resource with {{tlx|Delete|reason}} rather than opening a deletion discussion here.

'''Undeletion:''' If an article has been deleted, and you would like it undeleted, please list it here. Please try to give as close to the title as possible, and list your reasons for why it should be restored. The first line after the header should be: '''Undeletion requested'''
{{RoundBoxBottom}}

'''Deletion requests follow.'''&lt;includeonly&gt;

[[Category:Wikiversity deletion]]

__TOC__&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>tatalp24aug1fqkuhykt32ciivlag7j</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2810064</id>
      <parentid>2810062</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T09:48:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Update link</comment>
      <origin>2810064</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2741" sha1="rt8ivw8yw1iz9bk8xx6iepsw0kqknq9" xml:space="preserve">__NEWSECTIONLINK__
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
[[Wikiversity:Deletion policy|Deletion policy]] {{!}}
[[Special:Log/delete|Deletion log]] {{!}}
[[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion/Archives|Archives]]
{{#tag:inputbox |
type=fulltext
width=31
buttonlabel=Go
searchbuttonlabel=Search
break=no
prefix={{FULLPAGENAME}}/Archives/
}}
&lt;/div&gt;
{{RoundBoxTop}}
{{shortcut|WV:RFD|WV:DR}}
We welcome and appreciate [[WV:CIVIL|civil]] discussion of '''requests to delete or undelete''' pages when reasonable objections are made or are likely, the advice in [[Wikiversity:Deletion policy]] is followed, and other options have failed. A good attitude is to explain what you have tried, ask for help or advice from fellow [[Wikiversity:Who are Wikiversity participants?|Wikiversity participants]] on what to do now, keep an open mind, accept any community consensus, and focus on how pages can be improved. Finding ways to improve pages is the preferred outcome of any discussion and [[Wikiversity:Consensus|consensus]] here. Pages should always be kept when reasonable concerns are adequately addressed. Reasons and responses should be specific and relate to Wikiversity policy or scope in some way, kept brief, and stated in a positive or neutral way. Vague reasons (&quot;out of scope&quot;, &quot;disruptive&quot;) may be ignored.

A clear consensus should emerge before archiving a request. Often discussion takes a week or more to reach a clear consensus. Remember to add {{tl|dr}} to the top of pages nominated for deletion. You can put &quot;keep&quot;, &quot;delete&quot;, or &quot;neutral&quot; at the beginning of your response, but consensus is established by discussion and reasoning, not mere voting.

'''How to begin discussion'''
# Add '''{{tl|Deletion request}}''' or '''{{tl|dr}}''' to the image, category or resource nominated for deletion.
# Add a [[Special:NewSection/Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion|new section]] to the end of this page using the following format:
#:&lt;nowiki&gt;== [[Page title]] ==&lt;/nowiki&gt;
#:&lt;nowiki&gt;reasons why this page ought to be deleted --~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;

'''Scope:''' If an article should be deleted and does not meet [[WV:SPEEDY|speedy deletion criteria]], please list it here. Include the title and reason for deletion. If it meets speedy deletion criteria, just tag the resource with {{tlx|Delete|reason}} rather than opening a deletion discussion here.

'''Undeletion:''' If an article has been deleted, and you would like it undeleted, please list it here. Please try to give as close to the title as possible, and list your reasons for why it should be restored. The first line after the header should be: '''Undeletion requested'''
{{RoundBoxBottom}}

'''Deletion requests follow.'''&lt;includeonly&gt;

[[Category:Wikiversity deletion]]

__TOC__&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>rt8ivw8yw1iz9bk8xx6iepsw0kqknq9</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2810066</id>
      <parentid>2810064</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T09:53:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Reword 1st sentence</comment>
      <origin>2810066</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2784" sha1="4ljoy945sl7trzdhqm5ajjcupn2lflb" xml:space="preserve">__NEWSECTIONLINK__
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
[[Wikiversity:Deletion policy|Deletion policy]] {{!}}
[[Special:Log/delete|Deletion log]] {{!}}
[[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion/Archives|Archives]]
{{#tag:inputbox |
type=fulltext
width=31
buttonlabel=Go
searchbuttonlabel=Search
break=no
prefix={{FULLPAGENAME}}/Archives/
}}
&lt;/div&gt;
{{RoundBoxTop}}
{{shortcut|WV:RFD|WV:DR}}
We welcome and appreciate [[WV:CIVIL|civil]] discussion of '''requests to delete or undelete''' when other options have been exhausted, the [[Wikiversity:Deletion policy]] has been followed, and reasonable objections to deletion or undeletion have been made or are likely to be raised. A good attitude is to explain what you have tried, ask for help or advice from fellow [[Wikiversity:Who are Wikiversity participants?|Wikiversity participants]] on what to do now, keep an open mind, accept any community consensus, and focus on how pages can be improved. Finding ways to improve pages is the preferred outcome of any discussion and [[Wikiversity:Consensus|consensus]] here. Pages should always be kept when reasonable concerns are adequately addressed. Reasons and responses should be specific and relate to Wikiversity policy or scope in some way, kept brief, and stated in a positive or neutral way. Vague reasons (&quot;out of scope&quot;, &quot;disruptive&quot;) may be ignored.

A clear consensus should emerge before archiving a request. Often discussion takes a week or more to reach a clear consensus. Remember to add {{tl|dr}} to the top of pages nominated for deletion. You can put &quot;keep&quot;, &quot;delete&quot;, or &quot;neutral&quot; at the beginning of your response, but consensus is established by discussion and reasoning, not mere voting.

'''How to begin discussion'''
# Add '''{{tl|Deletion request}}''' or '''{{tl|dr}}''' to the image, category or resource nominated for deletion.
# Add a [[Special:NewSection/Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion|new section]] to the end of this page using the following format:
#:&lt;nowiki&gt;== [[Page title]] ==&lt;/nowiki&gt;
#:&lt;nowiki&gt;reasons why this page ought to be deleted --~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;

'''Scope:''' If an article should be deleted and does not meet [[WV:SPEEDY|speedy deletion criteria]], please list it here. Include the title and reason for deletion. If it meets speedy deletion criteria, just tag the resource with {{tlx|Delete|reason}} rather than opening a deletion discussion here.

'''Undeletion:''' If an article has been deleted, and you would like it undeleted, please list it here. Please try to give as close to the title as possible, and list your reasons for why it should be restored. The first line after the header should be: '''Undeletion requested'''
{{RoundBoxBottom}}

'''Deletion requests follow.'''&lt;includeonly&gt;

[[Category:Wikiversity deletion]]

__TOC__&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>4ljoy945sl7trzdhqm5ajjcupn2lflb</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2810068</id>
      <parentid>2810066</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T09:56:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>More direct link</comment>
      <origin>2810068</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2796" sha1="0yyyjek6nmfpy3vp857nsyr05p6l3ol" xml:space="preserve">__NEWSECTIONLINK__
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
[[Wikiversity:Deletion policy|Deletion policy]] {{!}}
[[Special:Log/delete|Deletion log]] {{!}}
[[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion/Archives|Archives]]
{{#tag:inputbox |
type=fulltext
width=31
buttonlabel=Go
searchbuttonlabel=Search
break=no
prefix={{FULLPAGENAME}}/Archives/
}}
&lt;/div&gt;
{{RoundBoxTop}}
{{shortcut|WV:RFD|WV:DR}}
We welcome and appreciate [[Wikiversity:Civility|civil]] discussion of '''requests to delete or undelete''' when other options have been exhausted, the [[Wikiversity:Deletion policy]] has been followed, and reasonable objections to deletion or undeletion have been made or are likely to be raised. A good attitude is to explain what you have tried, ask for help or advice from fellow [[Wikiversity:Who are Wikiversity participants?|Wikiversity participants]] on what to do now, keep an open mind, accept any community consensus, and focus on how pages can be improved. Finding ways to improve pages is the preferred outcome of any discussion and [[Wikiversity:Consensus|consensus]] here. Pages should always be kept when reasonable concerns are adequately addressed. Reasons and responses should be specific and relate to Wikiversity policy or scope in some way, kept brief, and stated in a positive or neutral way. Vague reasons (&quot;out of scope&quot;, &quot;disruptive&quot;) may be ignored.

A clear consensus should emerge before archiving a request. Often discussion takes a week or more to reach a clear consensus. Remember to add {{tl|dr}} to the top of pages nominated for deletion. You can put &quot;keep&quot;, &quot;delete&quot;, or &quot;neutral&quot; at the beginning of your response, but consensus is established by discussion and reasoning, not mere voting.

'''How to begin discussion'''
# Add '''{{tl|Deletion request}}''' or '''{{tl|dr}}''' to the image, category or resource nominated for deletion.
# Add a [[Special:NewSection/Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion|new section]] to the end of this page using the following format:
#:&lt;nowiki&gt;== [[Page title]] ==&lt;/nowiki&gt;
#:&lt;nowiki&gt;reasons why this page ought to be deleted --~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;

'''Scope:''' If an article should be deleted and does not meet [[WV:SPEEDY|speedy deletion criteria]], please list it here. Include the title and reason for deletion. If it meets speedy deletion criteria, just tag the resource with {{tlx|Delete|reason}} rather than opening a deletion discussion here.

'''Undeletion:''' If an article has been deleted, and you would like it undeleted, please list it here. Please try to give as close to the title as possible, and list your reasons for why it should be restored. The first line after the header should be: '''Undeletion requested'''
{{RoundBoxBottom}}

'''Deletion requests follow.'''&lt;includeonly&gt;

[[Category:Wikiversity deletion]]

__TOC__&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>0yyyjek6nmfpy3vp857nsyr05p6l3ol</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikiversity:Deletion</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>108189</id>
    <redirect title="Wikiversity:Deletion policy" />
    <revision>
      <id>2810095</id>
      <parentid>2664206</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T10:54:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Update link</comment>
      <origin>2810095</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="96" sha1="nlhvggyugedlpjoz7h7r1lf9jazur0w" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Wikiversity:Deletion policy]]

{{Rcatsh|
{{R to project}}
{{R from modification}}
}}</text>
      <sha1>nlhvggyugedlpjoz7h7r1lf9jazur0w</sha1>
    </revision>
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      <text bytes="6068" sha1="d52x2wcpoiz5fi9kfflj5c7c0xm3j25" xml:space="preserve">Wikiversity is quite different from the other WMF wikis, which are more focused on &quot;single outcomes,&quot; i.e., the goal of Wikipedia is an encyclopedia, which has a single article on each topic (though the topic may become narrow). Wikiversity is a cross between a university itself (courses, students, teachers, and what they do) and a university library (collection of written and other resources). Hence Wikiversity is naturally far more &quot;inclusionist&quot; than the other wikis, generally. We may have pages with personal opinions, fringe ideas, original research, etc. We do have a neutrality requirement, which means that, ultimately, fringe ideas should not be given prominence beyond their position in the full educated world, but that has to do with placement and framing, not with the very existence of the material.

A Wikiversity custodian will come across all kinds of odd material, material that is more properly an encyclopedia article, that is poorly written, that is personal in nature, i.e., &quot;private ruminations.&quot; It's easy to just delete such material, but if you have ever worked on a page and seen it deleted, you will understand how disconcerting this can be. Custodians are charged with the task of balancing benefit to the community and the wiki and the user base, with benefit and education and service to individual users. We often have many options available that allow us to serve both goals and keep order at the same time.

*'''Even nonsense pages might be userfied,''' i.e., moved to the user space of the user. A nonsense page that is pure vandalism should be deleted, but be careful: what looks like vandalism to you might be a labor of love for a 7-year-old user, and, yes, we have had such, and with some love and care, they may become full-blown students and eventually regular content creators. But a nonsense page does not belong in mainspace. If the creator has created an account, they can be moved to the user's user space. Redirect would normally be suppressed, but the user should be informed, if you have time. Invite them, don't blame them. Let them know that they are welcome to write a new [[w:Jabberwocky]] in their user space. For pages created by IP users, see [[Wikiversity:Playspace]]. You may create your own playspace, if you are willing to monitor the pages placed there. If it's your playspace, you can call it anything you want (some have thought that &quot;play&quot; was a negative term, and education is Seriuz Bizness).

*'''Something inappropriate in the top level of mainspace might have a place as a subpage.''' Student exercises, which are often a form of original research, can exist as subpages of a course or seminar. Essays can be there. Ordinary editors can handle this, it doesn't require custodial tools.

*'''Check for speedy deletion templates.''' If you agree with the deletion request, you ''may'' delete. However, if you think that it might possibly be controversial, generally, you should not delete. You should remove the tag and request deletion on [[Wikiversity:Requests for deletion]]. Give ''your'' reasons for deletion, do not present this as a deletion request from someone else, though you might link to a prior speedy request. You will be the responsible nominator. If you disagree with the deletion, you may remove the tag. Be sure to give a reason with the edit. Do we have a template to notify deletion requestors of procedure? I.e., that they may formally request deletion on the RfD page?

*'''Linkspam.''' One person's linkspam is another's useful links. Sometimes linkspam is really obvious, an account is created, immediately places the links, and they are to, say, a term paper site offering to write your term paper for you for a fee. These edits can be rolled back, and, if the editor repeats them, the editor may be blocked. Generally, on Wikiversity, you should not shut down Talk page access, except for very good cause. Necessity, really. A spammer might also become a useful contributor! Usually, spammers won't even be looking at that user talk page. It's the exception that we are considering here. A site owner may well be an expert in an involved subject. If the site owner can be engaged, instead of just blocked and rejected for spamming, they might help create resources on their favorite topic, and then they might even be able to place -- or suggest -- a link to their site! If the site has been globally blacklisted, which often happens with sincere enthusiasts who place links all over the WMF, we can whitelist it locally, and this will provide a return path for these people. So encourage people with a Conflict of Interest to disclose it. We will expect these people to cooperate, not to demand or dominate with revert warring, sock puppetry, etc. Open the door to cooperation while closing the door to pure spam. In a recent case, a user placed a series of &quot;useful links&quot; on her user page. These were really, almost certainly, linkspam. However, the user page wasn't deleted, rather the links were deleted and the user was gently informed. She may never show up again, but ... it was really about as easy as deletion of that page, and is far more welcoming.

*'''Repeated linkspam.''' Use the [[MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist]] to block obvious spamlinks. Do not use the blacklist for &quot;content control,&quot; only for spam. Get help if you don't understand how to use the spam blacklist, it can cause collateral damage. There might be individual pages whitelisted even if an overall site is blacklisted here or on the global blacklist.

*Wikiversity is a mess. And Wikiversity represents vast possibilities. We can clean up the mess, one page at a time, while enhancing the possibilities. Large communities in the United States used to always have junkyards and shops which sold used material. Something was lost when these places closed down. Let's get mainspace in order -- it's a huge job and we will need to recruit many to accomplish it -- while welcoming everyone, to the maximum extent possible.

[[Category:How to be a Wikimedia sysop]]
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      <text bytes="67757" sha1="6n6rcynglsk5uh0w7e2i96wlyomr5q0" xml:space="preserve">== Inital Start ==
The initial guideline/policy that I have added is borrowed from [[s:Wikisource:Deletion policy]]. Some or all of these items may not apply or need altering to make sence for Wikiversity. [[User:Matteo|Matteo]] 21:07, 11 September 2006 (UTC)

== Internamespace redirects ==
I am assuming the these are redirect pages that direct you to another wiki, but I am un sure. [[User:Matteo|Matteo]] 21:07, 11 September 2006 (UTC)
:No, that would be an interwiki redirect.  An example of an internamespace redirect would be [[Topic:Example]] &amp;rarr; [[School:Example]], or something to that effect.--&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Trebuchet MS;&quot;&gt;[[User:Digitalme|&lt;span style=&quot;color:gray;&quot;&gt;digital&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:gray;&quot;&gt;_&lt;/span&gt;[[User_talk:Digitalme|&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt; 22:23, 11 September 2006 (UTC)

== Ratifying... ==

Where would we put this up for ratification through consensus? --[[User:Remi0o|Re]][[User_talk:Remi0o|m]][[Special:Contributions/Remi0o|i]] 21:28, 28 April 2007 (UTC)
:This seems like a reasonable place. If you want to attract more attention to this page, you could try posting a message about deletion policy at  [[Wikiversity:Community Portal]] or [[Wikiversity:Colloquium]]. --[[User:JWSchmidt|JWSchmidt]] 23:03, 28 April 2007 (UTC)

== Media file deletion ==

Consistent with other WMF projects, we need a method of deleting images with no license information, or which have GFDL-incompatible licenses. I recommend essentially using Wikibooks' policy. I imagine that people more familiar with Wikiversity that I will make some minor relevant changes, but the spirit should be the same. All uploads need to have appropriate source and license information. If they don't, it gets {{tlx|no license}} and deleted after a week if no change is made. Perhaps you'll want it to be 2 weeks or somesuch. This is a fairly basic way of protecting the Foundation and the project from liability.

I've only added a little blurb - it should certainly be expanded, or perhaps moved to an image use policy/policy proposal. '''&amp;ndash; [[User:Mike.lifeguard|{{font|color=Indigo|Mike.lifeguard}}]]''' &amp;#124; &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:Mike.lifeguard|{{font|color=Indigo|talk}}]]&lt;/sup&gt; 00:45, 3 October 2007 (UTC)

:I want to raise for discussion the &quot;game&quot; that has long been played at Wikimedia wiki projects. We allow participants to upload media files without requiring that they provide copyright and licensing information. Then we set up policies for deleting media files that are uploaded without copyright and licensing information. Many Wikiversity participants frequently see this: &quot;You agree to license your contributions under the GFDL,&quot; and it is not unreasonable if they assume that the media files they upload are licensed under the GFDL by default. Given these conditions, it seems silly and destructive to let Wikiversity participants create and upload media files only to have us delete them later when we decide that not enough copyright and licensing information exists for those files. If we want to actually require that Wikiversity participants provide copyright and licensing information then we should make it impossible to upload files without selecting check boxes that indicate basic copyright and licensing information for each file. I believe that our legal obligations do not require that we automatically delete all media files that lack copyright and licensing information. However, if I am wrong about that, then it seems like we should make it impossible to upload files without selecting check boxes that indicate basic copyright and licensing information for each file. --[[User:JWSchmidt|JWSchmidt]] 03:34, 3 October 2007 (UTC)
:*The key point is that the image is uploaded with a licence.  The common method of indication of this fact is a tag.  However, this is not the only means - for example, a public statement on his user page that it is so is also possible.  Thus,
:*Is the tag mandated by the Foundation?
:**If not, is the tag formally mandated by the community?
:***If not, are there good reasons that it should be so?
:****If so, should these rules apply retrospectively?
[[User:Hillgentleman|Hillgentleman]]|[[User talk:hillgentleman|Talk]] 20:10, 5 October 2007 (UTC)

::Licence information is definitely required (or should be). As a rule, it should done on a per-image basis, since the ''vast'' majority of people do not upload images which are all under the same licence. Certainly a declaration on a userpage is legally sufficient, but policy can equally require more than what's legally necessary. At they very least, a link to said declaration should be required; otherwise, how is one to know that the image(s) are licenced as such? If that's the case, then it's just as easy (in fact, easier) to append a licence template to the image at upload. Nevertheless, the policy should include that those declarations are valid, and that the image should be tagged with the appropriate template instead of being deleted ''if the admin is aware of the declaration''. As well, users adding {{tlxs|nld}} should be encouraged to apply the appropriate template if a userpage declaration is made.
::As for deleting images without licence information, I'm quite sure that your legal obligations compel you to do so. As for requiring a licence to be chosen from the drop-down before upload will complete, I'd say that instead, the default should be {{tlxs|nld}} - this gives uploaders x amount of time (1 week currently) to add licence information before it's considered a candidate for speedy deletion. On en.wb, we've added a nifty little feature which automatically moves images from Category:Images with unknown copyright status to Category:Candidates for speedy deletion after 7 days, which makes things easier to manage. A warning to that effect should be added to the appropriate Mediawiki: page.
::As a point of mitigation, you should try (I would say that this should be required by policy) to get images uploaded to Commons unless they're fair use. Not only does this offload a burden from the local community to a community which is dedicated solely to this area, but it also allows the images to be used on any WMF project (and indeed beyond). '''&amp;ndash; [[User:Mike.lifeguard|{{font|color=Indigo|Mike.lifeguard}}]]''' &amp;#124; &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:Mike.lifeguard|{{font|color=Indigo|talk}}]]&lt;/sup&gt; 02:30, 6 October 2007 (UTC)

:::Fine.  One might suggest that the link to the userpage can be found in the upload history, but, to some, that may be a little too arbitrary.[[User:Hillgentleman|Hillgentleman]]|[[User talk:hillgentleman|Talk]] 02:41, 6 October 2007 (UTC)

:::&quot;As for deleting images without licence information, I'm quite sure that your legal obligations compel you to do so.&quot; &lt;-- I'd be interested to see a description of the reasoning and laws that generate your certainty. With respect to Wikibooks, the default in the licensing drop-down menu seems to be &quot;I do not know&quot;. Are you saying that when someone selects &quot;I do not know&quot; then the uploaded file is automatically marked for deletion? --[[User:JWSchmidt|JWSchmidt]] 04:50, 6 October 2007 (UTC)
::::&quot;I do not know&quot; adds {{tlxs|nld}}, which gives them 7 days to provide licence information before the image is considered a candidate for speedy deletion. Whether deletion happens on day 8 is another matter; in reality they'd usually get more than the week. As well, we try not to delete images unless they've been notified that licence information is required on their talk page. So if {{tlxs|nld}} was added automatically at upload, they wouldn't receive a notice on their talk page. When we sort through the images for deletion, we (generally) check to make sure they've been notified. If not, add {{tlx|image copyright|image.jpg|'''&amp;ndash; [[User:Mike.lifeguard|{{font|color=Indigo|Mike.lifeguard}}]]''' &amp;#124; &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:Mike.lifeguard|{{font|color=Indigo|talk}}]]&lt;/sup&gt; 14:02, 6 October 2007 (UTC)}} and give them some extra time.
::::I'm sure you're required to delete images with no licence information because a) it makes sense and b) every other WMF wiki I know of has that as policy.
::::A link to the userpage is ''not'' a link to a licencing declaration. Checking the userpage for every upload that has no licence template before adding {{tlxs|nld}} and again before deleting is just not feasible. A &quot;licencing declaratio [[here]]&quot; should be required. '''&amp;ndash; [[User:Mike.lifeguard|{{font|color=Indigo|Mike.lifeguard}}]]''' &amp;#124; &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:Mike.lifeguard|{{font|color=Indigo|talk}}]]&lt;/sup&gt; 14:02, 6 October 2007 (UTC)
*I still do not understand the reason for providing this kind of option for &quot;I do not know&quot;. If a wiki editor does not know, then why not direct them to a [[learning resource]] that will help them figure out what to do? --[[User:JWS|JWS]] 16:07, 6 October 2007 (UTC)

:* The nld template includes a link to such a resource on WB and so does the msg you see when you goto the upload page. --&lt;span style=&quot;font: bold 10pt 'courier new', comic, sans, ms;&quot;&gt;[[User:Darklama|{{font|color=midnightblue|dark}}]][[Image:Yin yang.svg|12px]][[User_talk:Darklama|{{font|color=green|lama}}]]&lt;/span&gt; 19:43, 6 October 2007 (UTC)
::My question is, why not have Wikiversity participants figure out how to license their files ''before'' allowing them to upload files? Why let files be uploaded without license information? --[[User:JWSchmidt|JWSchmidt]] 20:15, 6 October 2007 (UTC)
:::What would determine that someone has figured out how to license their files and included license information? --&lt;span style=&quot;font: bold 10pt 'courier new', comic, sans, ms;&quot;&gt;[[User:Darklama|{{font|color=midnightblue|dark}}]][[Image:Yin yang.svg|12px]][[User_talk:Darklama|{{font|color=green|lama}}]]&lt;/span&gt; 20:54, 6 October 2007 (UTC)
::::Are you asking how Wikiversity would help people learn how to license the files they upload or how you could tell if someone else had learned how to license the files? --[[User:JWSchmidt|JWSchmidt]] 21:18, 6 October 2007 (UTC)
:::::I'm asking what would be used to tell or indicate that someone has learned how to license their files and included license information in order to enable uploads,  since you seem to be proposing uploads be disabled until a person has learned how to do so. --&lt;span style=&quot;font: bold 10pt 'courier new', comic, sans, ms;&quot;&gt;[[User:Darklama|{{font|color=midnightblue|dark}}]][[Image:Yin yang.svg|12px]][[User_talk:Darklama|{{font|color=green|lama}}]]&lt;/span&gt; 21:32, 6 October 2007 (UTC)
*I asked the reason for allowing people to upload files when they select &quot;I do not know&quot; from the &quot;license&quot; drop-down menu. I guess an option would be to &quot;disable uploads&quot; for people who select &quot;I do not know&quot; from the menu and send them to a page like [[Uploading files]]. --[[User:JWSchmidt|JWSchmidt]] 22:56, 6 October 2007 (UTC)
:* On the basis of my experience on a different project, I think it is important to have a ''don't know'' option.
::# Very often, people don't know, and the lack of a ''don't know'' option usually pushes them to be dishonest rather than back off. Any policy which encourages widespread dishonesty is bad.
::# It allows quick categorisation of dubious images for custodial action.
::# It allows identifícation of users with a media learning need. Think about it: what's the fastest way to find out if someone knows their way around media licencing? (a) Ask &quot;Do you know your way around media licencing?&quot; or (b) ask &quot;Please upload a file&quot; (and then watch how they do it).
::# The 7-day window for correction is good, because it allows time for a custodian to prompt the user to jump through the learning hoops. 
: --[[User:McCormack|McCormack]] 04:19, 7 October 2007 (UTC)

::Thats a pretty good summery of my thinking as well. &quot;I don't know&quot; is pretty much for people who don't know and for whatever reason won't take the time to read up on it before uploading files. Its worked rather well so far on WB in catching people and helping them to understand what needs to be done and the importance of doing so. Since the no license tag and the upload msg itself both contain a link to read up on it, it also catches people who are willing to read up on it before uploading. It decreases dishonesty, provides a quick way to categorize files which are going to have to be deleted if there not fixed anyways, decreases the work load of manually finding images that need to be marked for deletion and decreases WB's chances of having a backlog again. --&lt;span style=&quot;font: bold 10pt 'courier new', comic, sans, ms;&quot;&gt;[[User:Darklama|{{font|color=midnightblue|dark}}]][[Image:Yin yang.svg|12px]][[User_talk:Darklama|{{font|color=green|lama}}]]&lt;/span&gt; 12:25, 7 October 2007 (UTC)

=== Having Wikiversity participants learn about licensing before uploading files ===

*I'm trying to compare and contrast the &quot;I don't know&quot; upload (Wikipedia's &quot;solution&quot;) with an alternative approach in which we would have Wikiversity participants learn about licensing before they upload files. It strikes me as a logical contradiction to say that we absolutely must delete files that do not have licensing information but we invite people to upload files without licensing information. I do not believe that the Wikipedia &quot;I don't know&quot; upload is the best path for us to take when Wikiversity participants do not know what license to use. If we adopt the Wikipedia &quot;I don't know&quot; upload approach then we are adopting a strategy based on bad faith assumptions about Wikiversity participants: that they will lie about the licensing of files if they are not allowed to upload files when they select &quot;I don't know&quot;. I think we should assume good faith. The culture of Wikiversity should be such that participants are encouraged to say &quot;I don't know&quot; and when they do so they should be efficiently directed to learning resources that will help them learn what they do not know. I'm troubled when I see a few Wikiversity participants who are eager to assume the worst during a rush to delete the work of other Wikiversity participants. Yes, Wikiversity has some files that are not correctly licensed, but there need be no rush to delete them. Wikiversity has allowed people to upload files without licensing information, so we have created this problem. In my view, we should find ways of explaining to Wikiversity participants how to correctly license their files. Wikiversity is supposed to be a place for people to learn, not a place for good faith editors to be harassed by people who think every problem can be solved with a template. &quot;This approach is good enough for Wikipedia&quot; does not satisfy me. Wikipedia has a serious problem due to alienation of good faith editors. I'm not as familiar with Wikibooks, but my experience there has been that Wikibooks has essentially adopted the Wikipedia approach which includes zealots charging around threatening to deleting uploaded files without even bothering to read the licensing information provided by the people who uploaded the files. This has happened to me repeatedly at both Wikipedia and Wikibooks. People invent a new system of templates and then threaten to delete all files that do not display those templates. I spent a large amount amount of time making image files for those projects, but I don't anymore because of the harassment that was directed at me because I did not use someone's magic template. I'm not pleased to see the same thing happen to Wikiversity participants. I welcome the help of people who want to get licensing information for Wikiversity files, but I'd like to see some serious attention paid to [[Wikiversity:Assume Good Faith]]. It might take more work to educate Wikiversity participants about licenses but we should make the effort required rather than risk driving away people who are good faith contributors. I know from personal experience that systems of warning templates can drive good faith editors away from wiki communities, so lets discus our options here and not just do a knee-jerk &quot;but its good enough for Wikipedia&quot;. --[[User:JWSchmidt|JWSchmidt]] 18:21, 7 October 2007 (UTC)
::I don't feel particularly part of Wikiversity, so I'm not going to harp on about what I think you should do, save to reiterate that you need a policy and that the Wikibooks system works for us (and I think it can work for you).
::Regardless of the above discussion about ''policy'', do you want {{tlxs|nld}} added to your untagged images? I can do it (slowly; I'm busy for the next week or so) including notifying uploaders on their talk pages. (I'll make a new message that is more in the direction of education than &quot;here's the problem; fix it!&quot;) So: ''does the community want that done?'' '''&amp;ndash; [[User:Mike.lifeguard|{{font|color=Indigo|Mike.lifeguard}}]]''' &amp;#124; &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:Mike.lifeguard|{{font|color=Indigo|talk}}]]&lt;/sup&gt; 18:31, 7 October 2007 (UTC)
::Actually, if you look at the Wikipedia page [[w:Wikipedia:Upload]], it's much more along the lines of helping people select the correct license and educating them about what's acceptable, what's not, and how their image fits into things. I don't particularly like the giant '''Your image will be deleted''' notices everywhere, but it makes sense for them; I'm sure Wikiversity could do without those. Compare this to [[b:Special:Upload]], which does instead links to the educational pages, and has little detail to help uploaders determine the correct license. '''&amp;ndash; [[User:Mike.lifeguard|{{font|color=Indigo|Mike.lifeguard}}]]''' &amp;#124; &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:Mike.lifeguard|{{font|color=Indigo|talk}}]]&lt;/sup&gt; 18:40, 7 October 2007 (UTC)
::I don't know how Wikipedia does things, because I'm not much of a contributor to Wikipedia, so I can't say much about the Wikipedia way of doings things. The changes made at Wikibooks I hope are just the beginning. I have to admit that I would like to eventually have an interface that helps narrow down the choices of licenses for people who aren't sure to just one license, thats quicker and easier to use then whats used at Commons and includes additional options on the page then just a summary field and a license menu, while providing whats currently being used at Wikibooks for people who want to go directly to uploading. --&lt;span style=&quot;font: bold 10pt 'courier new', comic, sans, ms;&quot;&gt;[[User:Darklama|{{font|color=midnightblue|dark}}]][[Image:Yin yang.svg|12px]][[User_talk:Darklama|{{font|color=green|lama}}]]&lt;/span&gt; 22:47, 7 October 2007 (UTC)
:::I do not really know how large of a backlog problem we have with uploaded files that lack licensing information. A month or two ago I tried to categorize all the .ogg files and found about half a dozen files without licensing information. Most (if not all) of those oggs are probably files created by Wikiversity participants specifically for use at Wikiversity. I suspect that Wikiversity probably has a significant number of files without licensing information and I agree that we should try to do something about this problem. I do not really like [[Template:No license]] because I'm not sure Wikiversity has a policy structure to support its rather heavy-handed approach. When I went looking for a deletion template, the best I could find at [[:Category:Deletion templates]] was [[Template:Deletion request]]. Later I came across [[Template:GFDL-presumed]], which seems like it could be applied to most of our unlicensed ogg files. One thing I do not like about [[Template:No license]] is. &quot;consider notifying the uploader on their talk page&quot;. I think we should always notifying the uploader unless we are dealing with some kind of image vandalism (in which case we just delete the file). I think there are probably two main classes of existing files without good licensing information. First, files from active participants at Wikiversity. In dealing with these files, the emphasis can really be on education.....making sure that Wikiversity participants understand how to license their contributions. In the case of the off files I looked at, the files without  licensing information were from editors who did not spend much time at Wikiversity and seem to have moved on.....there does not seem to be much hope of contacting these former participants, but I think [[Template:GFDL-presumed]] is a reasonable option for most of the files they uploaded. The other issue facing Wikiversity is creating a system that will deal effectively with new file uploads. I'm thinking we should start a discussion thread at [[Wikiversity:Colloquium]], do a post about this issue to the Wikiversity mailing list and try to get participation from as many Wikiversity participants as possible. Maybe a key issue is design of a version of [[Template:No license]] that fits better with the Wikiversity community and emphasizes education about licenses rather than threats. I think Wikiversity now has a good start on pages with information about licensing and we should try to direct everyone who uploads files towards those pages. --[[User:JWS|JWS]] 15:33, 8 October 2007 (UTC)

== So, is this criteria for SPEEDY deletion then? ==

It kinda seems weird to call this a deletion policy, when it seems more like a speedy deletion policy. [[User:ViperSnake151|ViperSnake151]] 13:50, 11 August 2008 (UTC)
:Wikiversity custodians can delete vandalism pages on sight....I think of that as speedy deletion. For most other pages there is no hurry. Some of our page deletion discussions last for months. --[[User:JWSchmidt|JWSchmidt]] 16:30, 11 August 2008 (UTC)

== Unneeded redirects ==

&quot;Unneeded redirects include alternate mixed-case capitalisation (one redirect for all-first-letter capitals suffices)&quot;
—I disagree; I think there's no reason to forbid multiple spelling/caps redirects, if it will help people find appropriate content sooner.  [[user:Jade Knight|The Jade Knight]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:Jade Knight|(d'viser)]]&lt;/sup&gt; 21:00, 18 November 2008 (UTC)
:I agree - plausible misspellings and changed case are sometimes useful. Most orphaned redirects are unneeded, but this is one case where they may be worth keeping. '''&amp;ndash;&amp;nbsp;[[User:Mike.lifeguard|{{font|color=Indigo|Mike}}]].[[User talk:Mike.lifeguard|{{font|color=Indigo|lifeguard}}]]'''&amp;nbsp;&amp;#124;&amp;nbsp;&lt;sup&gt;[[b:User talk:Mike.lifeguard|{{font|color=Indigo|@en.wb}}]]&lt;/sup&gt; 01:40, 19 November 2008 (UTC)

[[WV:RFD]] has become horribly bogged down because it's been impossible to reach consensus on the deletion of essentially blank pages. part of the goal for this working copy will be to establish a speedy deletion criteria for such pages so that each of these pages do not require a drawn-out vote (in many cases the deletion discussion takes far more effort and content than does the creation of the page. I think there should be a set of ''speedy'' deletion criteria much like what's on the deletion policy page, as well as ''delayed'' deletion for pages of this type. --[[User:SB_Johnny|{{font|color=green|'''SB_Johnny'''}}]]  &lt;sup&gt;[[User_talk:SB_Johnny|{{font|color=green|talk}}]]&lt;/sup&gt; 13:22, 9 December 2008 (UTC)

===No praise?===
A question on the &quot;no praise&quot; criteria that is on the main copy page: if someone has genuinely helped you out a lot and you would like to thank them or make references to the help they've given you, what is the policy here? Would it be acceptable to say &quot;a special thank you to&quot; or something along those lines? Exactly what sort of praise is this referring to? [[User:Trinity507|Trinity507]]&lt;sup&gt;[[User_talk:Trinity507|talk]]&lt;/sup&gt; 17:56, 28 August 2009 (UTC)
:Where do you find &quot;no praise&quot;?  [[user:Jade Knight|The Jade Knight]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:Jade Knight|(d'viser)]]&lt;/sup&gt; 19:07, 28 August 2009 (UTC)

::See [[Wikiversity:Deletion_policy]].  &quot;This includes pages with only... praises (e.g. &quot;this guy is great!&quot;)...&quot;  Trinity507, I think the keyword there is ''only''.  That is, an empty page with nothing but &quot;this guy is great!&quot;  --[[User:Mu301|mikeu]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:Mu301|talk]]&lt;/sup&gt; 19:12, 28 August 2009 (UTC)
::In other words, there's no problem with thanking or praising other users on talk pages.  Go right ahead!  [[user:Jade Knight|The Jade Knight]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:Jade Knight|(d'viser)]]&lt;/sup&gt; 19:16, 28 August 2009 (UTC)
:::Oh, lol. Keep in mind we also had issues a couple years ago with a spambot that randomly created pages with complimentary messages. That might be where that came from. --[[User:SB_Johnny|{{font|color=green|'''SB_Johnny'''}}]]  &lt;sup&gt;[[User_talk:SB_Johnny|{{font|color=green|talk}}]]&lt;/sup&gt; 19:26, 28 August 2009 (UTC)
::::Makes sense! Thanks for clearing that up - maybe we should specify that on the policy page. [[User:Trinity507|Trinity507]] 05:14, 29 August 2009 (UTC)

== Rewrite ==

A few opinions:  1.  I think that community discussion should be had on what we should be saying &quot;keep&quot; and &quot;delete&quot; about.  I do not currently agree with the current incarnation, if it is intended to be a guide for deletion nominations.  2.  We should specify which pages should be speedy deleted in a list format similar to what you have now, but for deletion nominations, we should simply create a guide of reasons to delete vs. reasons to keep pages.  The focus for nomination discussions should be reasons, not rules, in my opinion.  [[user:Jade Knight|The Jade Knight]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:Jade Knight|(d'viser)]]&lt;/sup&gt; 21:08, 9 December 2008 (UTC)

: 1. I don't think I understand what your saying. Do you mean you think discussion needs to happen to decide what the list should consist of, or do you mean you don't like the list because you feel it tries to replace community discussion? 2. What about the rewrite suggests to you that its about rules rather than reasons? I felt I did provide reasons. What do you think could be done to clarify that reasons are more important than rules, and that the list is no substitute for reasons or consensus? --&lt;span style=&quot;font: bold 10pt 'courier new', comic, sans, ms;&quot;&gt;[[User:Darklama|{{font|color=midnightblue|dark}}]][[Image:Yin yang.svg|12px]][[User_talk:Darklama|{{font|color=green|lama}}]]&lt;/span&gt; 23:22, 9 December 2008 (UTC)
::1.  The former.  2.  It says &quot;keep&quot; and &quot;delete&quot;: these are rules.  Many of those contain some amount of reasoning accompanying the rules, but the emphasis appears to be on what to &quot;keep&quot; or &quot;delete&quot;, as if it were a hard and fast thing.  I don't feel that such an emphasis is appropriate for deletion discussions, though it may be appropriate for speedy deletion.  I think that, for non-speedy pages, a list format emphasizing keep/delete should be avoided, and we should instead perhaps provide something along the lines of &quot;Potential reasons to keep a page&quot; and &quot;potential reasons to delete a page&quot;.  Some pages, of course, may contain elements from both lists.  [[user:Jade Knight|The Jade Knight]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:Jade Knight|(d'viser)]]&lt;/sup&gt; 09:29, 10 December 2008 (UTC)
::Of course, we may want to start out by asking what the ''purpose'' or ''function'' of page deletion is at Wikiversity.  What role should it play?  I think covering that first will help clarify where we should go with this policy.  [[user:Jade Knight|The Jade Knight]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:Jade Knight|(d'viser)]]&lt;/sup&gt; 09:33, 10 December 2008 (UTC)
::: I think the purpose or function of a delete policy is to document what process is used to request that pages be deleted, how the process is used, where to make requests for deletion, common reasons why deletion is requested, when should deletions be requested or not requested, common reasons why deletion happens or doesn't happen, and common expectations that participants have. The role of a deletion policy is to document the process for deleting pages and to inform people what to expect if they should request deletion by documenting common reasons that people will agree or disagree with deletion. --&lt;span style=&quot;font: bold 10pt 'courier new', comic, sans, ms;&quot;&gt;[[User:Darklama|{{font|color=midnightblue|dark}}]][[Image:Yin yang.svg|12px]][[User_talk:Darklama|{{font|color=green|lama}}]]&lt;/span&gt; 17:30, 10 December 2008 (UTC)
::::Yes, but I asked what the purpose of page deletion should be, not what the purpose of a policy about it would be.  [[user:Jade Knight|The Jade Knight]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:Jade Knight|(d'viser)]]&lt;/sup&gt; 07:13, 11 December 2008 (UTC)
:::::Ok. The purpose of page deletion likely varies from person to person, but I think in general the purpose is to remove pages that don't aid Wikiversity's educational mission. Deletion has a maintenance role, like removing weeds from a garden, to weed out what people feel doesn't fit in with their concept of Wikiversity, allowing what does belong to be more easily found. --&lt;span style=&quot;font: bold 10pt 'courier new', comic, sans, ms;&quot;&gt;[[User:Darklama|{{font|color=midnightblue|dark}}]][[Image:Yin yang.svg|12px]][[User_talk:Darklama|{{font|color=green|lama}}]]&lt;/span&gt; 13:27, 11 December 2008 (UTC)
::::::Weeding isn't something which should be kept as &quot;the last option when all else has failed.&quot;  [[user:Jade Knight|The Jade Knight]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:Jade Knight|(d'viser)]]&lt;/sup&gt; 06:13, 24 March 2010 (UTC)

==[[Wikiversity:Deletion policy/Working copy]]==
I think this working copy content could be brought over and integrated with this draft policy, then we could continue on shaping it in a single location. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:53, 5 August 2009 (UTC)

== Recent changes by Darklama ==

{{quote|Pages that have been deleted for non-obvious reasons or for reasons that are not self-evident without discussion at Requests for Deletion may be undeleted by custodians at any time without discussion. You may also begin discussion at Requests for Deletion if you disagree with a deletion, or a deletion is not obvious or not self-evident to you.}}

I note the recent changes by Darklama including the addition of the above. I think the idea that custodians should feel free to immediately undelete anything which they don't understand why has been deleted needs discussing. I don't think this is a good idea. If a custodian has deleted something, they have reached the conclusion that it doesn't benefit the project or is actually detrimental to it. I don't think not understanding why something has been deleted should mean it should be immediately undeleted. We should respect that the deleting custodian wouldn't have taken that action if they didn't feel it appropriate and in the interests of Wikiversity. That should mean that if we can't understand the reason why a page has been deleted, we assume the deleting custodian had a good reason and ask them to help us understand it.

These changes do seem to remind me of a recent situation where this action was taken and I think the outcome was worse than what it would have been had some discussion between those concerned and the user involved in deleting the page. I won't beat about the bush, the situation I'm thinking of, and what I suspect has inspired these changes is that involving Jimbo and SB Johnny. That, I feel, is a good demonstration of why custodians ''should'' discuss any concerns about deletion with the custodian involved. Jimbo in that situation specifically asked that the page wasn't deleted without consulting him. Had that taken place we might have been able to more quickly appreciate that undeletion wouldn't be a wise move. As it was, more drama resulted from as the page was deleted again, SB Johnny's rights were removed, then reinstated, then removed again at SB Johnny's request. It was possible that if SB Johnny had waited for some feedback from Jimbo to his concerns, Jimbo might have made it clear that undeletion wasn't an option for the community at that point and so some of that drama could have been avoided.

So, to conclude, I don't believe that undeletion without attempting to discuss the issue with the custodian involved is a good idea. I don't think we should encourage an environment where custodians reverse the actions of other custodians without trying to discuss any of their concerns. That a deletion seems to be a bad idea, doesn't necessarily make it a good idea to instantly reverse it. [[User:Adambro|Adambro]] 08:00, 1 April 2010 (UTC)

: Yes the change was partially a reflection of the situation with Jimbo. He should of discussed it from the start because he could already see a need for a further explanation since he asked that his use of the tools not be undone. That is what &quot;cases that may require further explanation&quot; is about. I believe SB_Johnny undeleted for two reasons 1) to allow a transparent discussion of the pages to be discussed at requests for deletion, and 2) the reason for deletion was not obvious and not self-exploratory to him. The change you quote is a reflection on the need to discuss such deletions further in a transparent way when there is any doubt about the obviousness of a deletion. In the same edit I also added &quot;Custodians should assume good faith, if another custodian has undeleted a page, abstain from any further action with custodian tools — let the Wikiversity community decide what to do.&quot; I believe cases where a page is speedy deleted for obvious reasons, and another person or custodian thinks the reason is not obvious that the deletion can no longer be justified as being obvious, and so must favor undeletion and discussion by the Wikiversity community. That part is to ensure that people do not continuously delete and undelete pages and instead let the Wikiversity community decide.
: We could argue about what should of been done to prevent things from going as far as they did, but I think there are many ways to reflect on that. I think building consensus is the best way to reduce drama and decide what to do when there is disagreement about the right thing to do. --[[User:Darklama|&lt;span style=&quot;background:DarkSlateBlue;color:white;padding:2px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;dark&lt;/span&gt;]][[User talk:Darklama|&lt;span style=&quot;background:darkslategray;color:white;padding:2px;&quot;&gt;lama&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;]] 12:32, 1 April 2010 (UTC)
:Oh also forgot to say, even though this is partially a reflection of the situation with Jimbo, it is more about reflecting on what can be done differently in the future when there is disagreement between two or more custodians on what to do. --[[User:Darklama|&lt;span style=&quot;background:DarkSlateBlue;color:white;padding:2px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;dark&lt;/span&gt;]][[User talk:Darklama|&lt;span style=&quot;background:darkslategray;color:white;padding:2px;&quot;&gt;lama&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;]] 12:38, 1 April 2010 (UTC)
::Would you not agree that a discussion with the relevent custodian would be most appropriate in the first instance? As you've said, &quot;custodians should assume good faith&quot;. Shouldn't that extend to custodians who for whatever reason don't understand the reasons for a deletion? Surely custodians should work on the assumption that the deletion was appropriate even if they don't understand it and first ask the relevant custodian for clarification. What is obvious to some people might not be obvious to others. There can sometimes be complicated reasons why a page should be speedily deleted but those reasons might not be apparent from looking at the page and the deletion summary. If custodians aren't able to understand the reason something has been deleted they should first ask the custodian involved. That custodian may be in a position to assess whether it is appropriate to discuss it on Wiki or if discussions need to be conducted privately for example. Rushing to undelete something is often not a good idea. [[User:Adambro|Adambro]] 13:00, 1 April 2010 (UTC)
::: Some sort of balance has to be found. What about the custodian that thinks the reason is not obvious and believes the person that created the page was acting in good faith. Should the good faith of the authors of the page be ignored in all of this? Undeleting should not be seen a sign that the deleting custodian was not acting in good faith, rather that the undeleted custodian was acting on the presumption that the authors were acting in good faith and that further discussion with community involvement is needed. --[[User:Darklama|&lt;span style=&quot;background:DarkSlateBlue;color:white;padding:2px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;dark&lt;/span&gt;]][[User talk:Darklama|&lt;span style=&quot;background:darkslategray;color:white;padding:2px;&quot;&gt;lama&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;]] 13:34, 1 April 2010 (UTC)
::: If the reasons for deleting are complicated, I think that is more reason to discuss the reasons with the community. --[[User:Darklama|&lt;span style=&quot;background:DarkSlateBlue;color:white;padding:2px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;dark&lt;/span&gt;]][[User talk:Darklama|&lt;span style=&quot;background:darkslategray;color:white;padding:2px;&quot;&gt;lama&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;]] 13:42, 1 April 2010 (UTC)

== Community Review ==

This policy is the subject of [[Wikiversity:Community_Review/Problematic actions/Policy development#Page Deletion|Community Review]]. --[[User:JWSchmidt|JWSchmidt]] 15:45, 30 July 2010 (UTC)

== Proposed clarification of policy regarding closures. ==

TCNSV reverted my proposed explanations of closing policy on this page.[http://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity:Deletion_policy&amp;curid=5572&amp;diff=736840&amp;oldid=736838] There is currently no explanation of how deletions are closed, and as a result, there is continued confusion. In that vacuum, there has been regular reversion of closes contrary to what this guideline suggests, as if there were some other policy, and, as a result, the RfD page has filled with very old discussions.

TCNSV wrote, ''(rv significant change to deletion policy ideas; this may be supported in theory but not in practice)''. First of all, if it is supported in theory, it not a &quot;significant change,&quot; it would be an explanation of what already might be expected. I've done many &quot;involved closes,&quot; because I've been active in trying both to clean up Wikiversity and in preserving Wikiversity's remarkable academic freedom. TCNSV has reverted many of these, to no effect. In no case so far has a discussion result changed as a result of his reverts. With many of these, he was the nominator, specially involved himself. Requiring that the nominator abstain from re-opening a closed discussion is a simple device to ensure that there is community support for continuing a discussion. Keeping discussions open for a long time represses community participation; late-comers see a lengthy or old discussion and just skip it. So should it be true that a deletion should be discussed further, it should be done through a new nomination that considers all the old arguments (and refers to the old discussion, which a future closer may consider).

TCNSV has claimed that my closes are disruptive, see [[Wikiversity talk:Requests for Deletion#The actual closes]], and the associated discussion, but I haven't missed it once yet, whereas TCNSV has nominated many pages that have not been deleted, and has reopened many discussions without any positive result or benefit to the community, simply wasting time and space on the RfD page. Clarifying the policy is the first step in cleaning this up.

I ask TCNSV to consider what could be included from the reverted section, or write something appropriate to cover this territory, and we can then discuss what remains controversial.

The ordinary principle that a closer should not be &quot;involved,&quot; i.e., have expressed an opinion, is great when there are hundreds of active editors reviewing discussions. When there are very few, it creates what we have had: a long RfD page, with contentious discussions that just sit there for a long time, nobody wants to touch them because simply reading what already exists takes too much time.

I attempt to maximize consensus when closing, as should any closer; and where consensus or some approach to it is not clear, I close as No Consensus, which does allow anyone who still wants the page deleted to renominate with new evidence and arguments. We do not discuss for the sake of discussion, but to discover and maximize consensus. It seems that at the end of these discussions, sometimes recently, there is just TCNSV and me, I'm closing as keep or No Consensus -- I can't do Delete closes -- and he's reverting the close, even if it has been many months, and if we disagree, that's No Consensus in itself, and neither of us should take an action that prejudices the future of the community. No Consensus defaults to Keep For Now, in effect. I have not closed any discussions as Keep or No Consensus where there seemed to be any chance that the tide would reverse in any reasonable time. That should be enough. --[[User:Abd|Abd]] 19:12, 18 April 2011 (UTC)

*Darklama [http://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity%3ADeletion_policy&amp;action=historysubmit&amp;diff=736853&amp;oldid=736840 added different wording], with less detail than what I'd written, with shorter time periods, but substantially the same. That version is fine for me. If, however, there continues to be conflict and if policy is not clear enough to address the problem, we should add more detail. Thanks, Darklama. --[[User:Abd|Abd]] 19:18, 18 April 2011 (UTC)

:*This is the wrong forum page for that. You should probably take it to [[Wikiversity:Community Review]], [[Wikiversity:Request custodian action]], [[Wikiversity:Colloquium]], etc, etc, but not here.
:*@ Darklama, I applaud your attempt at compromise, a far better job than the lengthy post previously inserted into the policy page. [[User:TeleComNasSprVen|TeleComNasSprVen]] 19:43, 18 April 2011 (UTC)

== Page created with guideline for closers and clerks for RfD ==

I wrote [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion/Closing process and clerking]] as a page proposed to be linked from the RfD page under the section on procedure, to cover the other end of Deletion process, guidelines for closers. Most of this would be too much detail for this page, it's procedural, and detailed. It's intended as a guideline, not as a policy, as such, it should be flexible and easily revised, as actual experience reveals problems.

Wikis were originally created for user-generated manuals, but for some reason, WMF wikis went radically against &quot;instruction creep,&quot; which is really only a problem when &quot;instructions&quot; are considered rigid rules. Step-by-step, easily understandable guidelines, make for a much more open environment, where people feel freer to contribute.

As written, it is both guideline and explanation of why parts of the guideline are suggested. The final guideline may be condensed, but, for now, I'd appreciate review of the ''sense'' of it.

I've also set up an undefined position, &quot;clerk.&quot; I'm not proposing any special qualifications for clerks, and what is described for clerks there could, mostly, be the work of a bot. Archiving under the proposed method could easily be done by a bot: look for an archived section that sticks for a week, and move the material to an archive page, with headers as described.

Much archiving in the past has been done by someone cutting a pile of RfD sections, all at once, with some edit summary like &quot;archive old&quot; and then popping it down into an archive with a summary like &quot;+6&quot;, all of which sometimes makes it harder to find where a discussion went, without reviewing a lot of diffs or looking through many TOCs. While there are ways around this, it is actually easy to do what I've proposed, and it creates one edit per discussion per page, it's trivial to review and see what has been done and by whom, which is important for transparency. Since I've been doing it this way, as well, I look at each RfD, which makes it easy to remember to check for leftover tasks. A number of RfD tags, I found, weren't ever removed from pages....

And checking all this led me to look at all RfD tags and clean up a number that had never resulted in filed RfDs. In one case, I think, I replaced the RfD tag with a speedy deletion tag.... Others, where I didn't think deletion was so obvious, I simply removed the incorrect RfD tag. Anyone can look over my contributions and disagree with me, simple to add a deletion tag if deletion is obvious, or to actually nominate for deletion if it isn't.

I've had an amazing sense of appreciation for the Wikiversity community, doing this work for the past few weeks. I agree with practically every decision that's been made, I can't think of any exceptions, recently, -- there might be one soon!, but hey, one exception, that's fantastic! -- and that is a radical reversal from my Wikipedia experience, where watching AfD was practically constant aggravation. (I agreed with many decisions there, but also found many to be, essentially abusive, dominated by users who clearly watched AfD process with an axe to grind, piling in within minutes of a nomination with &quot;Delete per nom,&quot; practically no effort at all, and obviously no time spent investigating possible sources, etc., but confusing some closers.) --[[User:Abd|Abd]] 02:12, 24 April 2011 (UTC)

:Instruction creep has come to mean creep, which means that even the most friendly suggestion will eventually be used by someone (fascist) to hurt someone else.  The material has no doubt been removed from the WP discussion pages.  This is the social experiment that keeps experimenting!--[[User:John Bessa|John]][[Image:bessa66.png|12px]][[User:John Bessa|Bessa]]&lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:John Bessa|talk]]&lt;/sup&gt; 21:05, 16 May 2011 (UTC)
::Sure. That happens when &quot;instructions&quot; are considered to be rules, with punishment for violation of rules. However, if guidelines represent a relatively safe harbor, where response is relatively predictable, the effect can be opposite. No set of rules or guidelines can protect against a substantial faction that is bent on abuse, it takes community culture to do that.
::The irony here is that wikis were originally developed and applied to create user-generated software or system manuals. The tragedy is that Wikipedia did not develop efficient and reliable methods for estimating community consensus, relying on ad-hoc appearance of whoever, which is then easily warped by selective participation and awareness. Wiki theory would have disputes escalating in attention as needed, but effective large-scale attention requires careful deliberative process, because the knee-jerk reactions of a large audience are little better than those from a small audience. Attempts to improve the process have been resisted as &quot;creating bureaucracy&quot; and, yes, &quot;instruction creep.&quot; The lack of &quot;instructions&quot; -- guidelines -- means that, then extra power is held by the users who have developed skill in crowd influence, and those users, by the conditions of the problem, have the ability to resist change.
::Wikiversity is running close to the edge, though, in terms of volunteer attention to core processes. Individuals can have substantial influence here, but it takes patience, in any case. --[[User:Abd|Abd]] 16:40, 17 May 2011 (UTC)
:::No objection appeared to the procedure page, so I've linked it from the deletion page. The procedure was intended to document actual practice. Some of it has been controversial, but the controversy was not sustained. At this point, if someone objects to the stated procedure, I'd suggest it should be changed if it is clearly wrong, improved if it can be clearly improved, or discussed if controversy remains. The procedures page establishes a baseline that allows the RfD page to be cleaned up and for Wikiversity to move on without prejudice. The page refers to &quot;clerks,&quot; and suggests clerking procedure. Clerks are a device for extending custodial tasks beyond those who hold the tools, and we may eventually want to formally name clerks. But, by following a guideline like that, anyone may actually clerk, and anyone else may check their work. (Clerks should rigorously avoid, in the clerking, not only any bias but also any appearance of bias. Clerks, as clerks, are pure servants.) --[[User:Abd|Abd]] 15:27, 5 August 2011 (UTC)

{{archive top|'''Summary''' -- turn draft deletion proposal into guideline, revisit proposal in one year. --[[User:HappyCamper|HappyCamper]] 15:33, 16 February 2012 (UTC) }}
== Policy proposal - straw poll ==

I believe that the current draft of the proposed deletion policy should be accepted as policy. 
=== Discussion ===
*{{Support}} - as proposer. --[[User:Claritas|Claritas]] 09:03, 10 January 2012 (UTC)
*'''Question''' - Where can the details of this proposal be found? The phrase &quot;straw poll&quot; doesn't appear anywhere on the archived discussion page and it was unclear to me what this policy vote was referring to. [[User:MyNameWasTaken|MyNameWasTaken]] 19:40, 10 January 2012 (UTC)
*: You can find the details for the proposal at [[Wikiversity:Deletion policy]]. This [[w:Straw poll|straw poll]] is to see if there is support for adopting the proposal at [[Wikiversity:Deletion policy]] as Wikiversity's deletion policy. --[[User:Darklama|&lt;span style=&quot;background:DarkSlateBlue;color:white;padding:2px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;dark&lt;/span&gt;]][[User talk:Darklama|&lt;span style=&quot;background:darkslategray;color:white;padding:2px;&quot;&gt;lama&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;]] 20:26, 10 January 2012 (UTC)
*'''Question''' Given that the page can be altered at any time, shouldn't you paste the exact version you want discussed here?--[[User:Collingwood|Collingwood]] 13:10, 11 January 2012 (UTC)
*:We're at the phase where we need to involve more editors to look at the page and probably make more edits. If additional edits are relatively minor and further reinforce what has been written already, it's an additional signal that there is general agreement about the spirit of the text, if not the exact letter of it. The straw poll is worthwhile just to get a sense of where things are at. There's still more work to be done to adopt this page as policy. How that precisely happens will probably depend on this straw poll. --[[User:HappyCamper|HappyCamper]] 13:55, 11 January 2012 (UTC)
*::To echo HappyCamper, our policies can be edited at anytime as long as there is consensus for the changes. However, we effectively don't have a deletion policy at a moment, and while the current draft is not perfect, it's IMO probably best for it to accepted as policy now, and any issues or omissions can be dealt with when it's put into practise. --[[User:Claritas|Claritas]] 20:33, 11 January 2012 (UTC)
*{{Support}} The proposal is &quot;here&quot; in the sense that this is the talk page of the policy in question. The talk page is precisely where auch things as straw poll should be taken. Before a policy is adopted we need to give a timescale for people to consider the issues - I would suggest 14 days from the poll starting but other people might have better ideas. When the policy has been agreed, the policy should be page protected with a link to [[Wikiversity:Deletion policy/Proposed ammendments]] where any subsequent ammendments could be put forward, with further discussion on the rleevant talk page. Thus the whole process can be repeated ata future date to take the policy forward. [[User:Leutha|Leutha]] 08:41, 12 January 2012 (UTC)
*:I'm waiting for the last week of January. Really quiet here. --[[User:HappyCamper|HappyCamper]] 17:05, 16 January 2012 (UTC)
* I support [{{fullurl:Wikiversity:Deletion policy|oldid=851766}} revision 851766]. I think some clarity was lacking, and the teaching and learning aspects missing from prior revisions. I think more could be done to encourage the teaching of good practices as a productive use of the deletion process, and to emphasis how doing so is a good way for participants to learn how to develop good resources, improve the overall quality of resources, and keep participants, but what is there ought to be good enough for now --[[User:Darklama|&lt;span style=&quot;background:DarkSlateBlue;color:white;padding:2px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;dark&lt;/span&gt;]][[User talk:Darklama|&lt;span style=&quot;background:darkslategray;color:white;padding:2px;&quot;&gt;lama&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;]] 12:52, 17 January 2012 (UTC)
* {{support}} - I think the second paragraph of &quot;Discussion&quot; could be made a bit more clear, though I don't see any issues with the actual policy. -- [[User:Rf|Rf]] 18:07, 22 January 2012 (UTC)
* '''Comment''' - I will refrain from voting for now but I would like to insert the following:

Consider the resource [[Overview of economic schools of thought]].

There is no indication of the completion status, development status, if any, educational level, resource type, or subject. But, the sole contributor has placed the resource in the economics category.

The current, proposed [[Wikiversity:Deletion policy]] criteria of speedy deletion can be used to comment on this resource:
# [[Wikiversity:What is Wikiversity|No educational]] objectives or discussion in history. - met.
# not met.
# many sentences appear to be paraphrases of Wikipedia articles on the subject, without citation. Met.
# not met.
# not met.
# met. User has indicated &quot;Get rid of the cruft.&quot;&lt;ref name=Rf&gt;{{ cite journal
|author=[[User:Rf|Rf]]
|title=Some observations and proposals
|journal=Wikiversity
|month=January 2,
|year=2012
|volume=
|issue=
|pages=1
|url=http://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wikiversity:Colloquium
|bibcode=
|doi=
|pmid=
|pdf=
|accessdate=2012-01-23 }}&lt;/ref&gt; at [[Wikiversity:Colloquium]] which may mean a deletionist agenda. Unfortunately this may amount to vandalism of resources here.
# not met.
# not met.
# not met.
# '''Archaic redirects''' - unknown but probably unlikely.
# not met.
# not met.
# not met.

So resource meets possibly two to three criteria for speedy deletion.

'''Proposed''' deletion: &quot;Resources may be eligible for proposed deletion when activity ceases for 90 days or more, further development may be difficult, education objectives and learning outcomes are scarce, and objections to deletion are unlikely.&quot;

: 90 days or more - last update was August 25, 2011,
: further development may be difficult - probably,
: education objectives and learning outcomes are scarce - none stated,
: objections to deletion are unlikely - questionable.

From [[Overview of economic schools of thought]]: &quot;It is arguably now the dominant school of economics, being taught in most major universities.&quot; When the context use of &quot;school&quot; is meant as an assemblage or association, the two-word phrase &quot;dominant school&quot; is a relative synonym for the [[Dominant group/Proof of concept|technical term]] &quot;dominant group&quot;.

The use of the apparent technical or theoretical term &quot;dominant school&quot; suggests either research or original research.

On the same colloquium page is &quot;The resource should be structured into lessons, which exist as subpages linked to on the main resource page.&quot; under '''Suggested minimum requirements for stand-alone resources'''. Such a prerequisite is a well-known foil against research or original research, for which Wikiversity is the only significant wikimedia home.

* {{Oppose}} - nearly all of your efforts here have been positive and beneficial to forming an alternative deletion policy statement. I have compared your hard work and sincere effort with the earlier version before this discussion began and found little actual change with one important exception, &quot;Deletion can harm Wikiversity when participants are lost and works that could have become useful with enough time are removed.&quot; This point in quotes from the older policy is very important at least to me. [[User:Marshallsumter|Marshallsumter]] 00:57, 31 January 2012 (UTC)
*:Is there an alternative formulation of this quote you could support? Or perhaps it is sufficient for your support that the essence of this quote be elevated to policy in some form? --[[User:HappyCamper|HappyCamper]] 15:45, 6 February 2012 (UTC)
*:: I think an alternative formulation of the quoted text is already present in the proposal in several forms with stronger and clearer reasoning, &quot;resources can often blossom when you teach participants good practices and they learn how to implement concrete improvements&quot;, &quot;participants may be able to learn how to implement concrete improvements when taught appropriate practices&quot;, and &quot;the preferred outcome is one participants can learn from to implement concrete improvements&quot;. I think the language in the newer proposal is also stronger and clearer about prohibiting speedy and proposed deletions when objections are made or are likely. I think overall the tone leans towards how keeping helps Wikiversity, participants, and resources, and addresses ways to make the process benefit Wikiversity, participants, and resources. --[[User:Darklama|&lt;span style=&quot;background:DarkSlateBlue;color:white;padding:2px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;dark&lt;/span&gt;]][[User talk:Darklama|&lt;span style=&quot;background:darkslategray;color:white;padding:2px;&quot;&gt;lama&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;]] 18:26, 6 February 2012 (UTC)
:: The latter is good as are the points made by [[User:Darklama|Darklama]]. My concern is that 'deletion' per se not be elevated to 'contribution' such as a resource or to a resource. Clearly there are things that need to be deleted, but I believe it's important for any custodian or nominator, especially, to think about it rather than delete to contribute. Deletion is a loss, sometimes an important loss such as vandalism or requests for one's own mistakes or no longer needed files to be deleted. Other instances are not good. Consider [[Gift economy]]. I contributed to it because the concept of the resource is important. I did not remove the deletion tag because that could promote a 'deletion' war. Perhaps, with the sentence in quotes aboard the deletion policy a user such as [[User:Rf|Rf]] would not be so hasty to slap a deletion tag on what the user perceives as 'cruft' yet is economically important. Each un- or underdeveloped economics resource the user has so tagged is such. None should be deleted. The irritating part if I may add is that the resource creators opened the resource, did next to nothing, then, vanished. As an author I enjoy creating a resource first, adding to a resource someone else created second, responding to a deletion discussion last. Deletion tags do not promote discussion. Instead, it's like a terrorist holding a loaded weapon to a creative person's head. Save it or they'll destroy it. No! Delete them all if that's the mentality we wish to promote. I hope this makes some sense! [[User:Marshallsumter|Marshallsumter]] 19:02, 6 February 2012 (UTC)
::: I think the consider contributing rather than deletion point is covered by the alternatives to deletion section. People make hasty decisions for a number of reasons. I think haste is something best addressed by educating people who are hasty, and not something that can be adequately addressed through policy. I think to better promote discussion, a possibly drastic change in approach might be required, such as having a quality review process instead of a deletion process, where people discuss resources for many possibly reasons besides deletion, like to nominate a resource as a featured resource, to get community feedback for ways to improve a resource, etc. --[[User:Darklama|&lt;span style=&quot;background:DarkSlateBlue;color:white;padding:2px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;dark&lt;/span&gt;]][[User talk:Darklama|&lt;span style=&quot;background:darkslategray;color:white;padding:2px;&quot;&gt;lama&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;]] 20:33, 6 February 2012 (UTC)
::: While again I agree with what [[User:Darklama|Darklama]] is writing, I believe the problem is more significant. To me no editor, contributor, resource creator should have the power to put other resources up for deletion. This perhaps should be a custodian's privilege. Even then a discussion may be requested before a deletion tag is placed. A large consensus to delete or not isn't needed, but 3-5 opinions pro &amp; con written before the custodian proceeds even if against the deletion tag would be good. But, this has probably been tried before and custodial time is probably maxed as is. A second suggestion which may not be possible computer-wise is a rigorous lower limit of say 2000 bytes before even a genuine contribution is saved into resource space. This would put all such that are smaller back on user pages, a list could be available for content ideas, and resource creators who desire to do so can have the credit rather than having resource creator credit going to anyone who puts 500 bytes into resource space. I hope this helps. [[User:Marshallsumter|Marshallsumter]] 22:20, 6 February 2012 (UTC)
:::: I think many people would simply ignore a restriction to where they can create resources or who can tag resources for deletion. Policy is expected to reflect actual practice as much as possible, and not attempt to change current practices. I think even my own comment about using a quality review process instead of a deletion process would be ignored because that isn't what people do or expect. --[[User:Darklama|&lt;span style=&quot;background:DarkSlateBlue;color:white;padding:2px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;dark&lt;/span&gt;]][[User talk:Darklama|&lt;span style=&quot;background:darkslategray;color:white;padding:2px;&quot;&gt;lama&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;]] 13:56, 8 February 2012 (UTC)
: Thank you for your comment! While I personally prefer discussion before a deletion tag is applied, and we have such opportunities, there is much to be said about deleting un- or underdeveloped resources and starting over. I guess I see conforming to what people do or expect such as on Wikipedia as a loss of the very individual freedom that makes Wikiversity better. My gut response, probably inappropriate, is to let them remain ignorant. If my reverting to support will allow the policy to be tested for its positive benefits, then consider this as such. But its abuse will be much harder to correct. Good luck! [[User:Marshallsumter|Marshallsumter]] 15:30, 8 February 2012 (UTC)
::It's possible the problems associated with misuse of this updated deletion policy might turn out to be more managable in the very long term compared to what we have now. How do you feel about revisiting this deletion policy in a year? By that time, I think this community will have collected enough data to know whether the workflow we have set up for deletion is suitable for Wikiversity or otherwise. --[[User:HappyCamper|HappyCamper]] 18:11, 8 February 2012 (UTC)
:::I like it! [[User:Marshallsumter|Marshallsumter]] 21:26, 8 February 2012 (UTC)
:::I support revisiting/reviewing in a year. I am also willing to support the deletion proposal as a guideline instead of a policy. --[[User:Darklama|&lt;span style=&quot;background:DarkSlateBlue;color:white;padding:2px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;dark&lt;/span&gt;]][[User talk:Darklama|&lt;span style=&quot;background:darkslategray;color:white;padding:2px;&quot;&gt;lama&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;]] 22:06, 8 February 2012 (UTC)
::::I like the guideline suggestion as well. [[User:Marshallsumter|Marshallsumter]] 02:23, 9 February 2012 (UTC)
:::::Me too. Let's do that then, elevate to guideline, and revisit in a year. I'll close this in a few days if nobody beats me to it. --[[User:HappyCamper|HappyCamper]] 06:02, 10 February 2012 (UTC)

===References===
{{reflist}}
[[User:Marshallsumter|Marshallsumter]] 21:20, 23 January 2012 (UTC)

: 1) The objective is to give a &quot;summary of some of the major schools of thought in economics outlining their methodological differences.&quot; The implicitly stated educational outcome is that students understand some of the major methodological differences between these rather broad schools of thought. The purpose of creating the resource was to gather the scatterred information on this topic into a small overview - hence the title - which I think it accomplishes.
: 3) I agree that lack of citations is an issue. I didn't go by any particular source while writing, just accumulated knowledge from reading various sources. Some of the names are paraphrased from Wikipedia, yes, but I don't see how this would be a deletion-worthy issue. I'll try to add some references later this week. Perhaps the policy should clarify that speedy delete is meant for major copyvios?
: 6) The page is not vandalism. I am not a vandal.
: I disagree that further development may be difficult. There are several schools of thought that aren't mentioned (such as Marxist economics) and the differences can be extended and elaborated. I'm hoping that various economsts can go over the page and ensure that their preferred school of thought has been given a fair treatment.
: Yes, the resource is a stub and needs improvement. But it is something of a stretch to argue for deletion under the proposed policy. -- [[User:Rf|Rf]] 03:08, 24 January 2012 (UTC)
::This really seems like a discussion which should take place at [[Talk:Overview of economic schools of thought]] instead. But briefly as an example, [[Overview of economic schools of thought]] would not be a page that would be speedily deleted by a custodian. If in the future someone proposed it for deletion, that proposed deletion tag still needs to stay up for 90 days before the page can be deleted. --[[User:HappyCamper|HappyCamper]] 04:45, 24 January 2012 (UTC)
::As an example, I think the resource is not eligible for speedy or proposed deletion because educational objectives and learning outcomes are present and not scarce. I think having educational objectives and learning outcomes explicitly stated is an ideal quality for featured resources. --[[User:Darklama|&lt;span style=&quot;background:DarkSlateBlue;color:white;padding:2px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;dark&lt;/span&gt;]][[User talk:Darklama|&lt;span style=&quot;background:darkslategray;color:white;padding:2px;&quot;&gt;lama&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;]] 16:45, 24 January 2012 (UTC)
'''Points about example:'''
# I agree discussing the chosen resource here is not appropriate, but as an example it may fit deletion criteria now being considered and could find itself with a deletion tag on it.
# Under [[:Category:Proposed deletions]] are ten economics resources put up for deletion by [[User:Rf|Rf]], following the current proposed deletion policy. The user has a desire to learn more economics and obviously has some background. Why not contribute to these ten rather than delete them? The best way to 'learn by doing' is to contribute to these resources.
# Let's say some one gets to about 300 resource contributions that they are cycling through to update. The delay per resource may be as high as six months. It is not fun to come to a resource and find a deletion tag on it! It is both stressful and irritating.
# Subjective interpretation of Criterion #3 could create many problems and many unnecessary deletion tags.
# While our custodians may make good decisions about what to delete and what not, this may not always be the case. If our deletion policy allows too easy a deletion process, we may lose more than we gain. [[User:Marshallsumter|Marshallsumter]] 18:47, 24 January 2012 (UTC)
::Let's raise an example of what I think would be a reasonable candidate for proposed deletion, such as [[Cat Toilet]]. It's not a speedy deletion. However, it does look like an engineering project that has been abandoned more than a year ago. There is only one intra-wiki-link. It has one subpage [[Cat Toilet/Howard Community College]] with a minimal amount of information on it. --[[User:HappyCamper|HappyCamper]] 01:00, 25 January 2012 (UTC)
::: As an example for proposed deletion, I recommend merging this and other resources into one learning project first as an alternative to deletion because there are many resources by the same person or group of people who is/are still active. Maybe use &quot;[[Special:Search/intitle:&quot;Howard Community College&quot;|Howard Community College]]&quot; as the learning project name. However I would still leave the learning project for proposed deletion because it may not get developed further. --[[User:Darklama|&lt;span style=&quot;background:DarkSlateBlue;color:white;padding:2px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;dark&lt;/span&gt;]][[User talk:Darklama|&lt;span style=&quot;background:darkslategray;color:white;padding:2px;&quot;&gt;lama&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;]] 14:08, 26 January 2012 (UTC)
{{archive bottom}}</text>
      <sha1>6n6rcynglsk5uh0w7e2i96wlyomr5q0</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2810015</id>
      <parentid>2810010</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T01:35:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Jtneill moved page [[Wikiversity talk:Deletions/Archives/Archive 1]] to [[Wikiversity talk:Deletion policy/Archives/Archive 1]] over redirect: To be consistent with naming at Wikipedia, Wikibooks, Wikiquote etc.</comment>
      <origin>2810010</origin>
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      <text bytes="67757" sha1="6n6rcynglsk5uh0w7e2i96wlyomr5q0" xml:space="preserve">== Inital Start ==
The initial guideline/policy that I have added is borrowed from [[s:Wikisource:Deletion policy]]. Some or all of these items may not apply or need altering to make sence for Wikiversity. [[User:Matteo|Matteo]] 21:07, 11 September 2006 (UTC)

== Internamespace redirects ==
I am assuming the these are redirect pages that direct you to another wiki, but I am un sure. [[User:Matteo|Matteo]] 21:07, 11 September 2006 (UTC)
:No, that would be an interwiki redirect.  An example of an internamespace redirect would be [[Topic:Example]] &amp;rarr; [[School:Example]], or something to that effect.--&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Trebuchet MS;&quot;&gt;[[User:Digitalme|&lt;span style=&quot;color:gray;&quot;&gt;digital&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:gray;&quot;&gt;_&lt;/span&gt;[[User_talk:Digitalme|&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt; 22:23, 11 September 2006 (UTC)

== Ratifying... ==

Where would we put this up for ratification through consensus? --[[User:Remi0o|Re]][[User_talk:Remi0o|m]][[Special:Contributions/Remi0o|i]] 21:28, 28 April 2007 (UTC)
:This seems like a reasonable place. If you want to attract more attention to this page, you could try posting a message about deletion policy at  [[Wikiversity:Community Portal]] or [[Wikiversity:Colloquium]]. --[[User:JWSchmidt|JWSchmidt]] 23:03, 28 April 2007 (UTC)

== Media file deletion ==

Consistent with other WMF projects, we need a method of deleting images with no license information, or which have GFDL-incompatible licenses. I recommend essentially using Wikibooks' policy. I imagine that people more familiar with Wikiversity that I will make some minor relevant changes, but the spirit should be the same. All uploads need to have appropriate source and license information. If they don't, it gets {{tlx|no license}} and deleted after a week if no change is made. Perhaps you'll want it to be 2 weeks or somesuch. This is a fairly basic way of protecting the Foundation and the project from liability.

I've only added a little blurb - it should certainly be expanded, or perhaps moved to an image use policy/policy proposal. '''&amp;ndash; [[User:Mike.lifeguard|{{font|color=Indigo|Mike.lifeguard}}]]''' &amp;#124; &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:Mike.lifeguard|{{font|color=Indigo|talk}}]]&lt;/sup&gt; 00:45, 3 October 2007 (UTC)

:I want to raise for discussion the &quot;game&quot; that has long been played at Wikimedia wiki projects. We allow participants to upload media files without requiring that they provide copyright and licensing information. Then we set up policies for deleting media files that are uploaded without copyright and licensing information. Many Wikiversity participants frequently see this: &quot;You agree to license your contributions under the GFDL,&quot; and it is not unreasonable if they assume that the media files they upload are licensed under the GFDL by default. Given these conditions, it seems silly and destructive to let Wikiversity participants create and upload media files only to have us delete them later when we decide that not enough copyright and licensing information exists for those files. If we want to actually require that Wikiversity participants provide copyright and licensing information then we should make it impossible to upload files without selecting check boxes that indicate basic copyright and licensing information for each file. I believe that our legal obligations do not require that we automatically delete all media files that lack copyright and licensing information. However, if I am wrong about that, then it seems like we should make it impossible to upload files without selecting check boxes that indicate basic copyright and licensing information for each file. --[[User:JWSchmidt|JWSchmidt]] 03:34, 3 October 2007 (UTC)
:*The key point is that the image is uploaded with a licence.  The common method of indication of this fact is a tag.  However, this is not the only means - for example, a public statement on his user page that it is so is also possible.  Thus,
:*Is the tag mandated by the Foundation?
:**If not, is the tag formally mandated by the community?
:***If not, are there good reasons that it should be so?
:****If so, should these rules apply retrospectively?
[[User:Hillgentleman|Hillgentleman]]|[[User talk:hillgentleman|Talk]] 20:10, 5 October 2007 (UTC)

::Licence information is definitely required (or should be). As a rule, it should done on a per-image basis, since the ''vast'' majority of people do not upload images which are all under the same licence. Certainly a declaration on a userpage is legally sufficient, but policy can equally require more than what's legally necessary. At they very least, a link to said declaration should be required; otherwise, how is one to know that the image(s) are licenced as such? If that's the case, then it's just as easy (in fact, easier) to append a licence template to the image at upload. Nevertheless, the policy should include that those declarations are valid, and that the image should be tagged with the appropriate template instead of being deleted ''if the admin is aware of the declaration''. As well, users adding {{tlxs|nld}} should be encouraged to apply the appropriate template if a userpage declaration is made.
::As for deleting images without licence information, I'm quite sure that your legal obligations compel you to do so. As for requiring a licence to be chosen from the drop-down before upload will complete, I'd say that instead, the default should be {{tlxs|nld}} - this gives uploaders x amount of time (1 week currently) to add licence information before it's considered a candidate for speedy deletion. On en.wb, we've added a nifty little feature which automatically moves images from Category:Images with unknown copyright status to Category:Candidates for speedy deletion after 7 days, which makes things easier to manage. A warning to that effect should be added to the appropriate Mediawiki: page.
::As a point of mitigation, you should try (I would say that this should be required by policy) to get images uploaded to Commons unless they're fair use. Not only does this offload a burden from the local community to a community which is dedicated solely to this area, but it also allows the images to be used on any WMF project (and indeed beyond). '''&amp;ndash; [[User:Mike.lifeguard|{{font|color=Indigo|Mike.lifeguard}}]]''' &amp;#124; &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:Mike.lifeguard|{{font|color=Indigo|talk}}]]&lt;/sup&gt; 02:30, 6 October 2007 (UTC)

:::Fine.  One might suggest that the link to the userpage can be found in the upload history, but, to some, that may be a little too arbitrary.[[User:Hillgentleman|Hillgentleman]]|[[User talk:hillgentleman|Talk]] 02:41, 6 October 2007 (UTC)

:::&quot;As for deleting images without licence information, I'm quite sure that your legal obligations compel you to do so.&quot; &lt;-- I'd be interested to see a description of the reasoning and laws that generate your certainty. With respect to Wikibooks, the default in the licensing drop-down menu seems to be &quot;I do not know&quot;. Are you saying that when someone selects &quot;I do not know&quot; then the uploaded file is automatically marked for deletion? --[[User:JWSchmidt|JWSchmidt]] 04:50, 6 October 2007 (UTC)
::::&quot;I do not know&quot; adds {{tlxs|nld}}, which gives them 7 days to provide licence information before the image is considered a candidate for speedy deletion. Whether deletion happens on day 8 is another matter; in reality they'd usually get more than the week. As well, we try not to delete images unless they've been notified that licence information is required on their talk page. So if {{tlxs|nld}} was added automatically at upload, they wouldn't receive a notice on their talk page. When we sort through the images for deletion, we (generally) check to make sure they've been notified. If not, add {{tlx|image copyright|image.jpg|'''&amp;ndash; [[User:Mike.lifeguard|{{font|color=Indigo|Mike.lifeguard}}]]''' &amp;#124; &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:Mike.lifeguard|{{font|color=Indigo|talk}}]]&lt;/sup&gt; 14:02, 6 October 2007 (UTC)}} and give them some extra time.
::::I'm sure you're required to delete images with no licence information because a) it makes sense and b) every other WMF wiki I know of has that as policy.
::::A link to the userpage is ''not'' a link to a licencing declaration. Checking the userpage for every upload that has no licence template before adding {{tlxs|nld}} and again before deleting is just not feasible. A &quot;licencing declaratio [[here]]&quot; should be required. '''&amp;ndash; [[User:Mike.lifeguard|{{font|color=Indigo|Mike.lifeguard}}]]''' &amp;#124; &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:Mike.lifeguard|{{font|color=Indigo|talk}}]]&lt;/sup&gt; 14:02, 6 October 2007 (UTC)
*I still do not understand the reason for providing this kind of option for &quot;I do not know&quot;. If a wiki editor does not know, then why not direct them to a [[learning resource]] that will help them figure out what to do? --[[User:JWS|JWS]] 16:07, 6 October 2007 (UTC)

:* The nld template includes a link to such a resource on WB and so does the msg you see when you goto the upload page. --&lt;span style=&quot;font: bold 10pt 'courier new', comic, sans, ms;&quot;&gt;[[User:Darklama|{{font|color=midnightblue|dark}}]][[Image:Yin yang.svg|12px]][[User_talk:Darklama|{{font|color=green|lama}}]]&lt;/span&gt; 19:43, 6 October 2007 (UTC)
::My question is, why not have Wikiversity participants figure out how to license their files ''before'' allowing them to upload files? Why let files be uploaded without license information? --[[User:JWSchmidt|JWSchmidt]] 20:15, 6 October 2007 (UTC)
:::What would determine that someone has figured out how to license their files and included license information? --&lt;span style=&quot;font: bold 10pt 'courier new', comic, sans, ms;&quot;&gt;[[User:Darklama|{{font|color=midnightblue|dark}}]][[Image:Yin yang.svg|12px]][[User_talk:Darklama|{{font|color=green|lama}}]]&lt;/span&gt; 20:54, 6 October 2007 (UTC)
::::Are you asking how Wikiversity would help people learn how to license the files they upload or how you could tell if someone else had learned how to license the files? --[[User:JWSchmidt|JWSchmidt]] 21:18, 6 October 2007 (UTC)
:::::I'm asking what would be used to tell or indicate that someone has learned how to license their files and included license information in order to enable uploads,  since you seem to be proposing uploads be disabled until a person has learned how to do so. --&lt;span style=&quot;font: bold 10pt 'courier new', comic, sans, ms;&quot;&gt;[[User:Darklama|{{font|color=midnightblue|dark}}]][[Image:Yin yang.svg|12px]][[User_talk:Darklama|{{font|color=green|lama}}]]&lt;/span&gt; 21:32, 6 October 2007 (UTC)
*I asked the reason for allowing people to upload files when they select &quot;I do not know&quot; from the &quot;license&quot; drop-down menu. I guess an option would be to &quot;disable uploads&quot; for people who select &quot;I do not know&quot; from the menu and send them to a page like [[Uploading files]]. --[[User:JWSchmidt|JWSchmidt]] 22:56, 6 October 2007 (UTC)
:* On the basis of my experience on a different project, I think it is important to have a ''don't know'' option.
::# Very often, people don't know, and the lack of a ''don't know'' option usually pushes them to be dishonest rather than back off. Any policy which encourages widespread dishonesty is bad.
::# It allows quick categorisation of dubious images for custodial action.
::# It allows identifícation of users with a media learning need. Think about it: what's the fastest way to find out if someone knows their way around media licencing? (a) Ask &quot;Do you know your way around media licencing?&quot; or (b) ask &quot;Please upload a file&quot; (and then watch how they do it).
::# The 7-day window for correction is good, because it allows time for a custodian to prompt the user to jump through the learning hoops. 
: --[[User:McCormack|McCormack]] 04:19, 7 October 2007 (UTC)

::Thats a pretty good summery of my thinking as well. &quot;I don't know&quot; is pretty much for people who don't know and for whatever reason won't take the time to read up on it before uploading files. Its worked rather well so far on WB in catching people and helping them to understand what needs to be done and the importance of doing so. Since the no license tag and the upload msg itself both contain a link to read up on it, it also catches people who are willing to read up on it before uploading. It decreases dishonesty, provides a quick way to categorize files which are going to have to be deleted if there not fixed anyways, decreases the work load of manually finding images that need to be marked for deletion and decreases WB's chances of having a backlog again. --&lt;span style=&quot;font: bold 10pt 'courier new', comic, sans, ms;&quot;&gt;[[User:Darklama|{{font|color=midnightblue|dark}}]][[Image:Yin yang.svg|12px]][[User_talk:Darklama|{{font|color=green|lama}}]]&lt;/span&gt; 12:25, 7 October 2007 (UTC)

=== Having Wikiversity participants learn about licensing before uploading files ===

*I'm trying to compare and contrast the &quot;I don't know&quot; upload (Wikipedia's &quot;solution&quot;) with an alternative approach in which we would have Wikiversity participants learn about licensing before they upload files. It strikes me as a logical contradiction to say that we absolutely must delete files that do not have licensing information but we invite people to upload files without licensing information. I do not believe that the Wikipedia &quot;I don't know&quot; upload is the best path for us to take when Wikiversity participants do not know what license to use. If we adopt the Wikipedia &quot;I don't know&quot; upload approach then we are adopting a strategy based on bad faith assumptions about Wikiversity participants: that they will lie about the licensing of files if they are not allowed to upload files when they select &quot;I don't know&quot;. I think we should assume good faith. The culture of Wikiversity should be such that participants are encouraged to say &quot;I don't know&quot; and when they do so they should be efficiently directed to learning resources that will help them learn what they do not know. I'm troubled when I see a few Wikiversity participants who are eager to assume the worst during a rush to delete the work of other Wikiversity participants. Yes, Wikiversity has some files that are not correctly licensed, but there need be no rush to delete them. Wikiversity has allowed people to upload files without licensing information, so we have created this problem. In my view, we should find ways of explaining to Wikiversity participants how to correctly license their files. Wikiversity is supposed to be a place for people to learn, not a place for good faith editors to be harassed by people who think every problem can be solved with a template. &quot;This approach is good enough for Wikipedia&quot; does not satisfy me. Wikipedia has a serious problem due to alienation of good faith editors. I'm not as familiar with Wikibooks, but my experience there has been that Wikibooks has essentially adopted the Wikipedia approach which includes zealots charging around threatening to deleting uploaded files without even bothering to read the licensing information provided by the people who uploaded the files. This has happened to me repeatedly at both Wikipedia and Wikibooks. People invent a new system of templates and then threaten to delete all files that do not display those templates. I spent a large amount amount of time making image files for those projects, but I don't anymore because of the harassment that was directed at me because I did not use someone's magic template. I'm not pleased to see the same thing happen to Wikiversity participants. I welcome the help of people who want to get licensing information for Wikiversity files, but I'd like to see some serious attention paid to [[Wikiversity:Assume Good Faith]]. It might take more work to educate Wikiversity participants about licenses but we should make the effort required rather than risk driving away people who are good faith contributors. I know from personal experience that systems of warning templates can drive good faith editors away from wiki communities, so lets discus our options here and not just do a knee-jerk &quot;but its good enough for Wikipedia&quot;. --[[User:JWSchmidt|JWSchmidt]] 18:21, 7 October 2007 (UTC)
::I don't feel particularly part of Wikiversity, so I'm not going to harp on about what I think you should do, save to reiterate that you need a policy and that the Wikibooks system works for us (and I think it can work for you).
::Regardless of the above discussion about ''policy'', do you want {{tlxs|nld}} added to your untagged images? I can do it (slowly; I'm busy for the next week or so) including notifying uploaders on their talk pages. (I'll make a new message that is more in the direction of education than &quot;here's the problem; fix it!&quot;) So: ''does the community want that done?'' '''&amp;ndash; [[User:Mike.lifeguard|{{font|color=Indigo|Mike.lifeguard}}]]''' &amp;#124; &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:Mike.lifeguard|{{font|color=Indigo|talk}}]]&lt;/sup&gt; 18:31, 7 October 2007 (UTC)
::Actually, if you look at the Wikipedia page [[w:Wikipedia:Upload]], it's much more along the lines of helping people select the correct license and educating them about what's acceptable, what's not, and how their image fits into things. I don't particularly like the giant '''Your image will be deleted''' notices everywhere, but it makes sense for them; I'm sure Wikiversity could do without those. Compare this to [[b:Special:Upload]], which does instead links to the educational pages, and has little detail to help uploaders determine the correct license. '''&amp;ndash; [[User:Mike.lifeguard|{{font|color=Indigo|Mike.lifeguard}}]]''' &amp;#124; &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:Mike.lifeguard|{{font|color=Indigo|talk}}]]&lt;/sup&gt; 18:40, 7 October 2007 (UTC)
::I don't know how Wikipedia does things, because I'm not much of a contributor to Wikipedia, so I can't say much about the Wikipedia way of doings things. The changes made at Wikibooks I hope are just the beginning. I have to admit that I would like to eventually have an interface that helps narrow down the choices of licenses for people who aren't sure to just one license, thats quicker and easier to use then whats used at Commons and includes additional options on the page then just a summary field and a license menu, while providing whats currently being used at Wikibooks for people who want to go directly to uploading. --&lt;span style=&quot;font: bold 10pt 'courier new', comic, sans, ms;&quot;&gt;[[User:Darklama|{{font|color=midnightblue|dark}}]][[Image:Yin yang.svg|12px]][[User_talk:Darklama|{{font|color=green|lama}}]]&lt;/span&gt; 22:47, 7 October 2007 (UTC)
:::I do not really know how large of a backlog problem we have with uploaded files that lack licensing information. A month or two ago I tried to categorize all the .ogg files and found about half a dozen files without licensing information. Most (if not all) of those oggs are probably files created by Wikiversity participants specifically for use at Wikiversity. I suspect that Wikiversity probably has a significant number of files without licensing information and I agree that we should try to do something about this problem. I do not really like [[Template:No license]] because I'm not sure Wikiversity has a policy structure to support its rather heavy-handed approach. When I went looking for a deletion template, the best I could find at [[:Category:Deletion templates]] was [[Template:Deletion request]]. Later I came across [[Template:GFDL-presumed]], which seems like it could be applied to most of our unlicensed ogg files. One thing I do not like about [[Template:No license]] is. &quot;consider notifying the uploader on their talk page&quot;. I think we should always notifying the uploader unless we are dealing with some kind of image vandalism (in which case we just delete the file). I think there are probably two main classes of existing files without good licensing information. First, files from active participants at Wikiversity. In dealing with these files, the emphasis can really be on education.....making sure that Wikiversity participants understand how to license their contributions. In the case of the off files I looked at, the files without  licensing information were from editors who did not spend much time at Wikiversity and seem to have moved on.....there does not seem to be much hope of contacting these former participants, but I think [[Template:GFDL-presumed]] is a reasonable option for most of the files they uploaded. The other issue facing Wikiversity is creating a system that will deal effectively with new file uploads. I'm thinking we should start a discussion thread at [[Wikiversity:Colloquium]], do a post about this issue to the Wikiversity mailing list and try to get participation from as many Wikiversity participants as possible. Maybe a key issue is design of a version of [[Template:No license]] that fits better with the Wikiversity community and emphasizes education about licenses rather than threats. I think Wikiversity now has a good start on pages with information about licensing and we should try to direct everyone who uploads files towards those pages. --[[User:JWS|JWS]] 15:33, 8 October 2007 (UTC)

== So, is this criteria for SPEEDY deletion then? ==

It kinda seems weird to call this a deletion policy, when it seems more like a speedy deletion policy. [[User:ViperSnake151|ViperSnake151]] 13:50, 11 August 2008 (UTC)
:Wikiversity custodians can delete vandalism pages on sight....I think of that as speedy deletion. For most other pages there is no hurry. Some of our page deletion discussions last for months. --[[User:JWSchmidt|JWSchmidt]] 16:30, 11 August 2008 (UTC)

== Unneeded redirects ==

&quot;Unneeded redirects include alternate mixed-case capitalisation (one redirect for all-first-letter capitals suffices)&quot;
—I disagree; I think there's no reason to forbid multiple spelling/caps redirects, if it will help people find appropriate content sooner.  [[user:Jade Knight|The Jade Knight]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:Jade Knight|(d'viser)]]&lt;/sup&gt; 21:00, 18 November 2008 (UTC)
:I agree - plausible misspellings and changed case are sometimes useful. Most orphaned redirects are unneeded, but this is one case where they may be worth keeping. '''&amp;ndash;&amp;nbsp;[[User:Mike.lifeguard|{{font|color=Indigo|Mike}}]].[[User talk:Mike.lifeguard|{{font|color=Indigo|lifeguard}}]]'''&amp;nbsp;&amp;#124;&amp;nbsp;&lt;sup&gt;[[b:User talk:Mike.lifeguard|{{font|color=Indigo|@en.wb}}]]&lt;/sup&gt; 01:40, 19 November 2008 (UTC)

[[WV:RFD]] has become horribly bogged down because it's been impossible to reach consensus on the deletion of essentially blank pages. part of the goal for this working copy will be to establish a speedy deletion criteria for such pages so that each of these pages do not require a drawn-out vote (in many cases the deletion discussion takes far more effort and content than does the creation of the page. I think there should be a set of ''speedy'' deletion criteria much like what's on the deletion policy page, as well as ''delayed'' deletion for pages of this type. --[[User:SB_Johnny|{{font|color=green|'''SB_Johnny'''}}]]  &lt;sup&gt;[[User_talk:SB_Johnny|{{font|color=green|talk}}]]&lt;/sup&gt; 13:22, 9 December 2008 (UTC)

===No praise?===
A question on the &quot;no praise&quot; criteria that is on the main copy page: if someone has genuinely helped you out a lot and you would like to thank them or make references to the help they've given you, what is the policy here? Would it be acceptable to say &quot;a special thank you to&quot; or something along those lines? Exactly what sort of praise is this referring to? [[User:Trinity507|Trinity507]]&lt;sup&gt;[[User_talk:Trinity507|talk]]&lt;/sup&gt; 17:56, 28 August 2009 (UTC)
:Where do you find &quot;no praise&quot;?  [[user:Jade Knight|The Jade Knight]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:Jade Knight|(d'viser)]]&lt;/sup&gt; 19:07, 28 August 2009 (UTC)

::See [[Wikiversity:Deletion_policy]].  &quot;This includes pages with only... praises (e.g. &quot;this guy is great!&quot;)...&quot;  Trinity507, I think the keyword there is ''only''.  That is, an empty page with nothing but &quot;this guy is great!&quot;  --[[User:Mu301|mikeu]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:Mu301|talk]]&lt;/sup&gt; 19:12, 28 August 2009 (UTC)
::In other words, there's no problem with thanking or praising other users on talk pages.  Go right ahead!  [[user:Jade Knight|The Jade Knight]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:Jade Knight|(d'viser)]]&lt;/sup&gt; 19:16, 28 August 2009 (UTC)
:::Oh, lol. Keep in mind we also had issues a couple years ago with a spambot that randomly created pages with complimentary messages. That might be where that came from. --[[User:SB_Johnny|{{font|color=green|'''SB_Johnny'''}}]]  &lt;sup&gt;[[User_talk:SB_Johnny|{{font|color=green|talk}}]]&lt;/sup&gt; 19:26, 28 August 2009 (UTC)
::::Makes sense! Thanks for clearing that up - maybe we should specify that on the policy page. [[User:Trinity507|Trinity507]] 05:14, 29 August 2009 (UTC)

== Rewrite ==

A few opinions:  1.  I think that community discussion should be had on what we should be saying &quot;keep&quot; and &quot;delete&quot; about.  I do not currently agree with the current incarnation, if it is intended to be a guide for deletion nominations.  2.  We should specify which pages should be speedy deleted in a list format similar to what you have now, but for deletion nominations, we should simply create a guide of reasons to delete vs. reasons to keep pages.  The focus for nomination discussions should be reasons, not rules, in my opinion.  [[user:Jade Knight|The Jade Knight]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:Jade Knight|(d'viser)]]&lt;/sup&gt; 21:08, 9 December 2008 (UTC)

: 1. I don't think I understand what your saying. Do you mean you think discussion needs to happen to decide what the list should consist of, or do you mean you don't like the list because you feel it tries to replace community discussion? 2. What about the rewrite suggests to you that its about rules rather than reasons? I felt I did provide reasons. What do you think could be done to clarify that reasons are more important than rules, and that the list is no substitute for reasons or consensus? --&lt;span style=&quot;font: bold 10pt 'courier new', comic, sans, ms;&quot;&gt;[[User:Darklama|{{font|color=midnightblue|dark}}]][[Image:Yin yang.svg|12px]][[User_talk:Darklama|{{font|color=green|lama}}]]&lt;/span&gt; 23:22, 9 December 2008 (UTC)
::1.  The former.  2.  It says &quot;keep&quot; and &quot;delete&quot;: these are rules.  Many of those contain some amount of reasoning accompanying the rules, but the emphasis appears to be on what to &quot;keep&quot; or &quot;delete&quot;, as if it were a hard and fast thing.  I don't feel that such an emphasis is appropriate for deletion discussions, though it may be appropriate for speedy deletion.  I think that, for non-speedy pages, a list format emphasizing keep/delete should be avoided, and we should instead perhaps provide something along the lines of &quot;Potential reasons to keep a page&quot; and &quot;potential reasons to delete a page&quot;.  Some pages, of course, may contain elements from both lists.  [[user:Jade Knight|The Jade Knight]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:Jade Knight|(d'viser)]]&lt;/sup&gt; 09:29, 10 December 2008 (UTC)
::Of course, we may want to start out by asking what the ''purpose'' or ''function'' of page deletion is at Wikiversity.  What role should it play?  I think covering that first will help clarify where we should go with this policy.  [[user:Jade Knight|The Jade Knight]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:Jade Knight|(d'viser)]]&lt;/sup&gt; 09:33, 10 December 2008 (UTC)
::: I think the purpose or function of a delete policy is to document what process is used to request that pages be deleted, how the process is used, where to make requests for deletion, common reasons why deletion is requested, when should deletions be requested or not requested, common reasons why deletion happens or doesn't happen, and common expectations that participants have. The role of a deletion policy is to document the process for deleting pages and to inform people what to expect if they should request deletion by documenting common reasons that people will agree or disagree with deletion. --&lt;span style=&quot;font: bold 10pt 'courier new', comic, sans, ms;&quot;&gt;[[User:Darklama|{{font|color=midnightblue|dark}}]][[Image:Yin yang.svg|12px]][[User_talk:Darklama|{{font|color=green|lama}}]]&lt;/span&gt; 17:30, 10 December 2008 (UTC)
::::Yes, but I asked what the purpose of page deletion should be, not what the purpose of a policy about it would be.  [[user:Jade Knight|The Jade Knight]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:Jade Knight|(d'viser)]]&lt;/sup&gt; 07:13, 11 December 2008 (UTC)
:::::Ok. The purpose of page deletion likely varies from person to person, but I think in general the purpose is to remove pages that don't aid Wikiversity's educational mission. Deletion has a maintenance role, like removing weeds from a garden, to weed out what people feel doesn't fit in with their concept of Wikiversity, allowing what does belong to be more easily found. --&lt;span style=&quot;font: bold 10pt 'courier new', comic, sans, ms;&quot;&gt;[[User:Darklama|{{font|color=midnightblue|dark}}]][[Image:Yin yang.svg|12px]][[User_talk:Darklama|{{font|color=green|lama}}]]&lt;/span&gt; 13:27, 11 December 2008 (UTC)
::::::Weeding isn't something which should be kept as &quot;the last option when all else has failed.&quot;  [[user:Jade Knight|The Jade Knight]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:Jade Knight|(d'viser)]]&lt;/sup&gt; 06:13, 24 March 2010 (UTC)

==[[Wikiversity:Deletion policy/Working copy]]==
I think this working copy content could be brought over and integrated with this draft policy, then we could continue on shaping it in a single location. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:53, 5 August 2009 (UTC)

== Recent changes by Darklama ==

{{quote|Pages that have been deleted for non-obvious reasons or for reasons that are not self-evident without discussion at Requests for Deletion may be undeleted by custodians at any time without discussion. You may also begin discussion at Requests for Deletion if you disagree with a deletion, or a deletion is not obvious or not self-evident to you.}}

I note the recent changes by Darklama including the addition of the above. I think the idea that custodians should feel free to immediately undelete anything which they don't understand why has been deleted needs discussing. I don't think this is a good idea. If a custodian has deleted something, they have reached the conclusion that it doesn't benefit the project or is actually detrimental to it. I don't think not understanding why something has been deleted should mean it should be immediately undeleted. We should respect that the deleting custodian wouldn't have taken that action if they didn't feel it appropriate and in the interests of Wikiversity. That should mean that if we can't understand the reason why a page has been deleted, we assume the deleting custodian had a good reason and ask them to help us understand it.

These changes do seem to remind me of a recent situation where this action was taken and I think the outcome was worse than what it would have been had some discussion between those concerned and the user involved in deleting the page. I won't beat about the bush, the situation I'm thinking of, and what I suspect has inspired these changes is that involving Jimbo and SB Johnny. That, I feel, is a good demonstration of why custodians ''should'' discuss any concerns about deletion with the custodian involved. Jimbo in that situation specifically asked that the page wasn't deleted without consulting him. Had that taken place we might have been able to more quickly appreciate that undeletion wouldn't be a wise move. As it was, more drama resulted from as the page was deleted again, SB Johnny's rights were removed, then reinstated, then removed again at SB Johnny's request. It was possible that if SB Johnny had waited for some feedback from Jimbo to his concerns, Jimbo might have made it clear that undeletion wasn't an option for the community at that point and so some of that drama could have been avoided.

So, to conclude, I don't believe that undeletion without attempting to discuss the issue with the custodian involved is a good idea. I don't think we should encourage an environment where custodians reverse the actions of other custodians without trying to discuss any of their concerns. That a deletion seems to be a bad idea, doesn't necessarily make it a good idea to instantly reverse it. [[User:Adambro|Adambro]] 08:00, 1 April 2010 (UTC)

: Yes the change was partially a reflection of the situation with Jimbo. He should of discussed it from the start because he could already see a need for a further explanation since he asked that his use of the tools not be undone. That is what &quot;cases that may require further explanation&quot; is about. I believe SB_Johnny undeleted for two reasons 1) to allow a transparent discussion of the pages to be discussed at requests for deletion, and 2) the reason for deletion was not obvious and not self-exploratory to him. The change you quote is a reflection on the need to discuss such deletions further in a transparent way when there is any doubt about the obviousness of a deletion. In the same edit I also added &quot;Custodians should assume good faith, if another custodian has undeleted a page, abstain from any further action with custodian tools — let the Wikiversity community decide what to do.&quot; I believe cases where a page is speedy deleted for obvious reasons, and another person or custodian thinks the reason is not obvious that the deletion can no longer be justified as being obvious, and so must favor undeletion and discussion by the Wikiversity community. That part is to ensure that people do not continuously delete and undelete pages and instead let the Wikiversity community decide.
: We could argue about what should of been done to prevent things from going as far as they did, but I think there are many ways to reflect on that. I think building consensus is the best way to reduce drama and decide what to do when there is disagreement about the right thing to do. --[[User:Darklama|&lt;span style=&quot;background:DarkSlateBlue;color:white;padding:2px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;dark&lt;/span&gt;]][[User talk:Darklama|&lt;span style=&quot;background:darkslategray;color:white;padding:2px;&quot;&gt;lama&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;]] 12:32, 1 April 2010 (UTC)
:Oh also forgot to say, even though this is partially a reflection of the situation with Jimbo, it is more about reflecting on what can be done differently in the future when there is disagreement between two or more custodians on what to do. --[[User:Darklama|&lt;span style=&quot;background:DarkSlateBlue;color:white;padding:2px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;dark&lt;/span&gt;]][[User talk:Darklama|&lt;span style=&quot;background:darkslategray;color:white;padding:2px;&quot;&gt;lama&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;]] 12:38, 1 April 2010 (UTC)
::Would you not agree that a discussion with the relevent custodian would be most appropriate in the first instance? As you've said, &quot;custodians should assume good faith&quot;. Shouldn't that extend to custodians who for whatever reason don't understand the reasons for a deletion? Surely custodians should work on the assumption that the deletion was appropriate even if they don't understand it and first ask the relevant custodian for clarification. What is obvious to some people might not be obvious to others. There can sometimes be complicated reasons why a page should be speedily deleted but those reasons might not be apparent from looking at the page and the deletion summary. If custodians aren't able to understand the reason something has been deleted they should first ask the custodian involved. That custodian may be in a position to assess whether it is appropriate to discuss it on Wiki or if discussions need to be conducted privately for example. Rushing to undelete something is often not a good idea. [[User:Adambro|Adambro]] 13:00, 1 April 2010 (UTC)
::: Some sort of balance has to be found. What about the custodian that thinks the reason is not obvious and believes the person that created the page was acting in good faith. Should the good faith of the authors of the page be ignored in all of this? Undeleting should not be seen a sign that the deleting custodian was not acting in good faith, rather that the undeleted custodian was acting on the presumption that the authors were acting in good faith and that further discussion with community involvement is needed. --[[User:Darklama|&lt;span style=&quot;background:DarkSlateBlue;color:white;padding:2px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;dark&lt;/span&gt;]][[User talk:Darklama|&lt;span style=&quot;background:darkslategray;color:white;padding:2px;&quot;&gt;lama&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;]] 13:34, 1 April 2010 (UTC)
::: If the reasons for deleting are complicated, I think that is more reason to discuss the reasons with the community. --[[User:Darklama|&lt;span style=&quot;background:DarkSlateBlue;color:white;padding:2px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;dark&lt;/span&gt;]][[User talk:Darklama|&lt;span style=&quot;background:darkslategray;color:white;padding:2px;&quot;&gt;lama&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;]] 13:42, 1 April 2010 (UTC)

== Community Review ==

This policy is the subject of [[Wikiversity:Community_Review/Problematic actions/Policy development#Page Deletion|Community Review]]. --[[User:JWSchmidt|JWSchmidt]] 15:45, 30 July 2010 (UTC)

== Proposed clarification of policy regarding closures. ==

TCNSV reverted my proposed explanations of closing policy on this page.[http://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity:Deletion_policy&amp;curid=5572&amp;diff=736840&amp;oldid=736838] There is currently no explanation of how deletions are closed, and as a result, there is continued confusion. In that vacuum, there has been regular reversion of closes contrary to what this guideline suggests, as if there were some other policy, and, as a result, the RfD page has filled with very old discussions.

TCNSV wrote, ''(rv significant change to deletion policy ideas; this may be supported in theory but not in practice)''. First of all, if it is supported in theory, it not a &quot;significant change,&quot; it would be an explanation of what already might be expected. I've done many &quot;involved closes,&quot; because I've been active in trying both to clean up Wikiversity and in preserving Wikiversity's remarkable academic freedom. TCNSV has reverted many of these, to no effect. In no case so far has a discussion result changed as a result of his reverts. With many of these, he was the nominator, specially involved himself. Requiring that the nominator abstain from re-opening a closed discussion is a simple device to ensure that there is community support for continuing a discussion. Keeping discussions open for a long time represses community participation; late-comers see a lengthy or old discussion and just skip it. So should it be true that a deletion should be discussed further, it should be done through a new nomination that considers all the old arguments (and refers to the old discussion, which a future closer may consider).

TCNSV has claimed that my closes are disruptive, see [[Wikiversity talk:Requests for Deletion#The actual closes]], and the associated discussion, but I haven't missed it once yet, whereas TCNSV has nominated many pages that have not been deleted, and has reopened many discussions without any positive result or benefit to the community, simply wasting time and space on the RfD page. Clarifying the policy is the first step in cleaning this up.

I ask TCNSV to consider what could be included from the reverted section, or write something appropriate to cover this territory, and we can then discuss what remains controversial.

The ordinary principle that a closer should not be &quot;involved,&quot; i.e., have expressed an opinion, is great when there are hundreds of active editors reviewing discussions. When there are very few, it creates what we have had: a long RfD page, with contentious discussions that just sit there for a long time, nobody wants to touch them because simply reading what already exists takes too much time.

I attempt to maximize consensus when closing, as should any closer; and where consensus or some approach to it is not clear, I close as No Consensus, which does allow anyone who still wants the page deleted to renominate with new evidence and arguments. We do not discuss for the sake of discussion, but to discover and maximize consensus. It seems that at the end of these discussions, sometimes recently, there is just TCNSV and me, I'm closing as keep or No Consensus -- I can't do Delete closes -- and he's reverting the close, even if it has been many months, and if we disagree, that's No Consensus in itself, and neither of us should take an action that prejudices the future of the community. No Consensus defaults to Keep For Now, in effect. I have not closed any discussions as Keep or No Consensus where there seemed to be any chance that the tide would reverse in any reasonable time. That should be enough. --[[User:Abd|Abd]] 19:12, 18 April 2011 (UTC)

*Darklama [http://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity%3ADeletion_policy&amp;action=historysubmit&amp;diff=736853&amp;oldid=736840 added different wording], with less detail than what I'd written, with shorter time periods, but substantially the same. That version is fine for me. If, however, there continues to be conflict and if policy is not clear enough to address the problem, we should add more detail. Thanks, Darklama. --[[User:Abd|Abd]] 19:18, 18 April 2011 (UTC)

:*This is the wrong forum page for that. You should probably take it to [[Wikiversity:Community Review]], [[Wikiversity:Request custodian action]], [[Wikiversity:Colloquium]], etc, etc, but not here.
:*@ Darklama, I applaud your attempt at compromise, a far better job than the lengthy post previously inserted into the policy page. [[User:TeleComNasSprVen|TeleComNasSprVen]] 19:43, 18 April 2011 (UTC)

== Page created with guideline for closers and clerks for RfD ==

I wrote [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion/Closing process and clerking]] as a page proposed to be linked from the RfD page under the section on procedure, to cover the other end of Deletion process, guidelines for closers. Most of this would be too much detail for this page, it's procedural, and detailed. It's intended as a guideline, not as a policy, as such, it should be flexible and easily revised, as actual experience reveals problems.

Wikis were originally created for user-generated manuals, but for some reason, WMF wikis went radically against &quot;instruction creep,&quot; which is really only a problem when &quot;instructions&quot; are considered rigid rules. Step-by-step, easily understandable guidelines, make for a much more open environment, where people feel freer to contribute.

As written, it is both guideline and explanation of why parts of the guideline are suggested. The final guideline may be condensed, but, for now, I'd appreciate review of the ''sense'' of it.

I've also set up an undefined position, &quot;clerk.&quot; I'm not proposing any special qualifications for clerks, and what is described for clerks there could, mostly, be the work of a bot. Archiving under the proposed method could easily be done by a bot: look for an archived section that sticks for a week, and move the material to an archive page, with headers as described.

Much archiving in the past has been done by someone cutting a pile of RfD sections, all at once, with some edit summary like &quot;archive old&quot; and then popping it down into an archive with a summary like &quot;+6&quot;, all of which sometimes makes it harder to find where a discussion went, without reviewing a lot of diffs or looking through many TOCs. While there are ways around this, it is actually easy to do what I've proposed, and it creates one edit per discussion per page, it's trivial to review and see what has been done and by whom, which is important for transparency. Since I've been doing it this way, as well, I look at each RfD, which makes it easy to remember to check for leftover tasks. A number of RfD tags, I found, weren't ever removed from pages....

And checking all this led me to look at all RfD tags and clean up a number that had never resulted in filed RfDs. In one case, I think, I replaced the RfD tag with a speedy deletion tag.... Others, where I didn't think deletion was so obvious, I simply removed the incorrect RfD tag. Anyone can look over my contributions and disagree with me, simple to add a deletion tag if deletion is obvious, or to actually nominate for deletion if it isn't.

I've had an amazing sense of appreciation for the Wikiversity community, doing this work for the past few weeks. I agree with practically every decision that's been made, I can't think of any exceptions, recently, -- there might be one soon!, but hey, one exception, that's fantastic! -- and that is a radical reversal from my Wikipedia experience, where watching AfD was practically constant aggravation. (I agreed with many decisions there, but also found many to be, essentially abusive, dominated by users who clearly watched AfD process with an axe to grind, piling in within minutes of a nomination with &quot;Delete per nom,&quot; practically no effort at all, and obviously no time spent investigating possible sources, etc., but confusing some closers.) --[[User:Abd|Abd]] 02:12, 24 April 2011 (UTC)

:Instruction creep has come to mean creep, which means that even the most friendly suggestion will eventually be used by someone (fascist) to hurt someone else.  The material has no doubt been removed from the WP discussion pages.  This is the social experiment that keeps experimenting!--[[User:John Bessa|John]][[Image:bessa66.png|12px]][[User:John Bessa|Bessa]]&lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:John Bessa|talk]]&lt;/sup&gt; 21:05, 16 May 2011 (UTC)
::Sure. That happens when &quot;instructions&quot; are considered to be rules, with punishment for violation of rules. However, if guidelines represent a relatively safe harbor, where response is relatively predictable, the effect can be opposite. No set of rules or guidelines can protect against a substantial faction that is bent on abuse, it takes community culture to do that.
::The irony here is that wikis were originally developed and applied to create user-generated software or system manuals. The tragedy is that Wikipedia did not develop efficient and reliable methods for estimating community consensus, relying on ad-hoc appearance of whoever, which is then easily warped by selective participation and awareness. Wiki theory would have disputes escalating in attention as needed, but effective large-scale attention requires careful deliberative process, because the knee-jerk reactions of a large audience are little better than those from a small audience. Attempts to improve the process have been resisted as &quot;creating bureaucracy&quot; and, yes, &quot;instruction creep.&quot; The lack of &quot;instructions&quot; -- guidelines -- means that, then extra power is held by the users who have developed skill in crowd influence, and those users, by the conditions of the problem, have the ability to resist change.
::Wikiversity is running close to the edge, though, in terms of volunteer attention to core processes. Individuals can have substantial influence here, but it takes patience, in any case. --[[User:Abd|Abd]] 16:40, 17 May 2011 (UTC)
:::No objection appeared to the procedure page, so I've linked it from the deletion page. The procedure was intended to document actual practice. Some of it has been controversial, but the controversy was not sustained. At this point, if someone objects to the stated procedure, I'd suggest it should be changed if it is clearly wrong, improved if it can be clearly improved, or discussed if controversy remains. The procedures page establishes a baseline that allows the RfD page to be cleaned up and for Wikiversity to move on without prejudice. The page refers to &quot;clerks,&quot; and suggests clerking procedure. Clerks are a device for extending custodial tasks beyond those who hold the tools, and we may eventually want to formally name clerks. But, by following a guideline like that, anyone may actually clerk, and anyone else may check their work. (Clerks should rigorously avoid, in the clerking, not only any bias but also any appearance of bias. Clerks, as clerks, are pure servants.) --[[User:Abd|Abd]] 15:27, 5 August 2011 (UTC)

{{archive top|'''Summary''' -- turn draft deletion proposal into guideline, revisit proposal in one year. --[[User:HappyCamper|HappyCamper]] 15:33, 16 February 2012 (UTC) }}
== Policy proposal - straw poll ==

I believe that the current draft of the proposed deletion policy should be accepted as policy. 
=== Discussion ===
*{{Support}} - as proposer. --[[User:Claritas|Claritas]] 09:03, 10 January 2012 (UTC)
*'''Question''' - Where can the details of this proposal be found? The phrase &quot;straw poll&quot; doesn't appear anywhere on the archived discussion page and it was unclear to me what this policy vote was referring to. [[User:MyNameWasTaken|MyNameWasTaken]] 19:40, 10 January 2012 (UTC)
*: You can find the details for the proposal at [[Wikiversity:Deletion policy]]. This [[w:Straw poll|straw poll]] is to see if there is support for adopting the proposal at [[Wikiversity:Deletion policy]] as Wikiversity's deletion policy. --[[User:Darklama|&lt;span style=&quot;background:DarkSlateBlue;color:white;padding:2px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;dark&lt;/span&gt;]][[User talk:Darklama|&lt;span style=&quot;background:darkslategray;color:white;padding:2px;&quot;&gt;lama&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;]] 20:26, 10 January 2012 (UTC)
*'''Question''' Given that the page can be altered at any time, shouldn't you paste the exact version you want discussed here?--[[User:Collingwood|Collingwood]] 13:10, 11 January 2012 (UTC)
*:We're at the phase where we need to involve more editors to look at the page and probably make more edits. If additional edits are relatively minor and further reinforce what has been written already, it's an additional signal that there is general agreement about the spirit of the text, if not the exact letter of it. The straw poll is worthwhile just to get a sense of where things are at. There's still more work to be done to adopt this page as policy. How that precisely happens will probably depend on this straw poll. --[[User:HappyCamper|HappyCamper]] 13:55, 11 January 2012 (UTC)
*::To echo HappyCamper, our policies can be edited at anytime as long as there is consensus for the changes. However, we effectively don't have a deletion policy at a moment, and while the current draft is not perfect, it's IMO probably best for it to accepted as policy now, and any issues or omissions can be dealt with when it's put into practise. --[[User:Claritas|Claritas]] 20:33, 11 January 2012 (UTC)
*{{Support}} The proposal is &quot;here&quot; in the sense that this is the talk page of the policy in question. The talk page is precisely where auch things as straw poll should be taken. Before a policy is adopted we need to give a timescale for people to consider the issues - I would suggest 14 days from the poll starting but other people might have better ideas. When the policy has been agreed, the policy should be page protected with a link to [[Wikiversity:Deletion policy/Proposed ammendments]] where any subsequent ammendments could be put forward, with further discussion on the rleevant talk page. Thus the whole process can be repeated ata future date to take the policy forward. [[User:Leutha|Leutha]] 08:41, 12 January 2012 (UTC)
*:I'm waiting for the last week of January. Really quiet here. --[[User:HappyCamper|HappyCamper]] 17:05, 16 January 2012 (UTC)
* I support [{{fullurl:Wikiversity:Deletion policy|oldid=851766}} revision 851766]. I think some clarity was lacking, and the teaching and learning aspects missing from prior revisions. I think more could be done to encourage the teaching of good practices as a productive use of the deletion process, and to emphasis how doing so is a good way for participants to learn how to develop good resources, improve the overall quality of resources, and keep participants, but what is there ought to be good enough for now --[[User:Darklama|&lt;span style=&quot;background:DarkSlateBlue;color:white;padding:2px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;dark&lt;/span&gt;]][[User talk:Darklama|&lt;span style=&quot;background:darkslategray;color:white;padding:2px;&quot;&gt;lama&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;]] 12:52, 17 January 2012 (UTC)
* {{support}} - I think the second paragraph of &quot;Discussion&quot; could be made a bit more clear, though I don't see any issues with the actual policy. -- [[User:Rf|Rf]] 18:07, 22 January 2012 (UTC)
* '''Comment''' - I will refrain from voting for now but I would like to insert the following:

Consider the resource [[Overview of economic schools of thought]].

There is no indication of the completion status, development status, if any, educational level, resource type, or subject. But, the sole contributor has placed the resource in the economics category.

The current, proposed [[Wikiversity:Deletion policy]] criteria of speedy deletion can be used to comment on this resource:
# [[Wikiversity:What is Wikiversity|No educational]] objectives or discussion in history. - met.
# not met.
# many sentences appear to be paraphrases of Wikipedia articles on the subject, without citation. Met.
# not met.
# not met.
# met. User has indicated &quot;Get rid of the cruft.&quot;&lt;ref name=Rf&gt;{{ cite journal
|author=[[User:Rf|Rf]]
|title=Some observations and proposals
|journal=Wikiversity
|month=January 2,
|year=2012
|volume=
|issue=
|pages=1
|url=http://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wikiversity:Colloquium
|bibcode=
|doi=
|pmid=
|pdf=
|accessdate=2012-01-23 }}&lt;/ref&gt; at [[Wikiversity:Colloquium]] which may mean a deletionist agenda. Unfortunately this may amount to vandalism of resources here.
# not met.
# not met.
# not met.
# '''Archaic redirects''' - unknown but probably unlikely.
# not met.
# not met.
# not met.

So resource meets possibly two to three criteria for speedy deletion.

'''Proposed''' deletion: &quot;Resources may be eligible for proposed deletion when activity ceases for 90 days or more, further development may be difficult, education objectives and learning outcomes are scarce, and objections to deletion are unlikely.&quot;

: 90 days or more - last update was August 25, 2011,
: further development may be difficult - probably,
: education objectives and learning outcomes are scarce - none stated,
: objections to deletion are unlikely - questionable.

From [[Overview of economic schools of thought]]: &quot;It is arguably now the dominant school of economics, being taught in most major universities.&quot; When the context use of &quot;school&quot; is meant as an assemblage or association, the two-word phrase &quot;dominant school&quot; is a relative synonym for the [[Dominant group/Proof of concept|technical term]] &quot;dominant group&quot;.

The use of the apparent technical or theoretical term &quot;dominant school&quot; suggests either research or original research.

On the same colloquium page is &quot;The resource should be structured into lessons, which exist as subpages linked to on the main resource page.&quot; under '''Suggested minimum requirements for stand-alone resources'''. Such a prerequisite is a well-known foil against research or original research, for which Wikiversity is the only significant wikimedia home.

* {{Oppose}} - nearly all of your efforts here have been positive and beneficial to forming an alternative deletion policy statement. I have compared your hard work and sincere effort with the earlier version before this discussion began and found little actual change with one important exception, &quot;Deletion can harm Wikiversity when participants are lost and works that could have become useful with enough time are removed.&quot; This point in quotes from the older policy is very important at least to me. [[User:Marshallsumter|Marshallsumter]] 00:57, 31 January 2012 (UTC)
*:Is there an alternative formulation of this quote you could support? Or perhaps it is sufficient for your support that the essence of this quote be elevated to policy in some form? --[[User:HappyCamper|HappyCamper]] 15:45, 6 February 2012 (UTC)
*:: I think an alternative formulation of the quoted text is already present in the proposal in several forms with stronger and clearer reasoning, &quot;resources can often blossom when you teach participants good practices and they learn how to implement concrete improvements&quot;, &quot;participants may be able to learn how to implement concrete improvements when taught appropriate practices&quot;, and &quot;the preferred outcome is one participants can learn from to implement concrete improvements&quot;. I think the language in the newer proposal is also stronger and clearer about prohibiting speedy and proposed deletions when objections are made or are likely. I think overall the tone leans towards how keeping helps Wikiversity, participants, and resources, and addresses ways to make the process benefit Wikiversity, participants, and resources. --[[User:Darklama|&lt;span style=&quot;background:DarkSlateBlue;color:white;padding:2px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;dark&lt;/span&gt;]][[User talk:Darklama|&lt;span style=&quot;background:darkslategray;color:white;padding:2px;&quot;&gt;lama&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;]] 18:26, 6 February 2012 (UTC)
:: The latter is good as are the points made by [[User:Darklama|Darklama]]. My concern is that 'deletion' per se not be elevated to 'contribution' such as a resource or to a resource. Clearly there are things that need to be deleted, but I believe it's important for any custodian or nominator, especially, to think about it rather than delete to contribute. Deletion is a loss, sometimes an important loss such as vandalism or requests for one's own mistakes or no longer needed files to be deleted. Other instances are not good. Consider [[Gift economy]]. I contributed to it because the concept of the resource is important. I did not remove the deletion tag because that could promote a 'deletion' war. Perhaps, with the sentence in quotes aboard the deletion policy a user such as [[User:Rf|Rf]] would not be so hasty to slap a deletion tag on what the user perceives as 'cruft' yet is economically important. Each un- or underdeveloped economics resource the user has so tagged is such. None should be deleted. The irritating part if I may add is that the resource creators opened the resource, did next to nothing, then, vanished. As an author I enjoy creating a resource first, adding to a resource someone else created second, responding to a deletion discussion last. Deletion tags do not promote discussion. Instead, it's like a terrorist holding a loaded weapon to a creative person's head. Save it or they'll destroy it. No! Delete them all if that's the mentality we wish to promote. I hope this makes some sense! [[User:Marshallsumter|Marshallsumter]] 19:02, 6 February 2012 (UTC)
::: I think the consider contributing rather than deletion point is covered by the alternatives to deletion section. People make hasty decisions for a number of reasons. I think haste is something best addressed by educating people who are hasty, and not something that can be adequately addressed through policy. I think to better promote discussion, a possibly drastic change in approach might be required, such as having a quality review process instead of a deletion process, where people discuss resources for many possibly reasons besides deletion, like to nominate a resource as a featured resource, to get community feedback for ways to improve a resource, etc. --[[User:Darklama|&lt;span style=&quot;background:DarkSlateBlue;color:white;padding:2px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;dark&lt;/span&gt;]][[User talk:Darklama|&lt;span style=&quot;background:darkslategray;color:white;padding:2px;&quot;&gt;lama&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;]] 20:33, 6 February 2012 (UTC)
::: While again I agree with what [[User:Darklama|Darklama]] is writing, I believe the problem is more significant. To me no editor, contributor, resource creator should have the power to put other resources up for deletion. This perhaps should be a custodian's privilege. Even then a discussion may be requested before a deletion tag is placed. A large consensus to delete or not isn't needed, but 3-5 opinions pro &amp; con written before the custodian proceeds even if against the deletion tag would be good. But, this has probably been tried before and custodial time is probably maxed as is. A second suggestion which may not be possible computer-wise is a rigorous lower limit of say 2000 bytes before even a genuine contribution is saved into resource space. This would put all such that are smaller back on user pages, a list could be available for content ideas, and resource creators who desire to do so can have the credit rather than having resource creator credit going to anyone who puts 500 bytes into resource space. I hope this helps. [[User:Marshallsumter|Marshallsumter]] 22:20, 6 February 2012 (UTC)
:::: I think many people would simply ignore a restriction to where they can create resources or who can tag resources for deletion. Policy is expected to reflect actual practice as much as possible, and not attempt to change current practices. I think even my own comment about using a quality review process instead of a deletion process would be ignored because that isn't what people do or expect. --[[User:Darklama|&lt;span style=&quot;background:DarkSlateBlue;color:white;padding:2px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;dark&lt;/span&gt;]][[User talk:Darklama|&lt;span style=&quot;background:darkslategray;color:white;padding:2px;&quot;&gt;lama&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;]] 13:56, 8 February 2012 (UTC)
: Thank you for your comment! While I personally prefer discussion before a deletion tag is applied, and we have such opportunities, there is much to be said about deleting un- or underdeveloped resources and starting over. I guess I see conforming to what people do or expect such as on Wikipedia as a loss of the very individual freedom that makes Wikiversity better. My gut response, probably inappropriate, is to let them remain ignorant. If my reverting to support will allow the policy to be tested for its positive benefits, then consider this as such. But its abuse will be much harder to correct. Good luck! [[User:Marshallsumter|Marshallsumter]] 15:30, 8 February 2012 (UTC)
::It's possible the problems associated with misuse of this updated deletion policy might turn out to be more managable in the very long term compared to what we have now. How do you feel about revisiting this deletion policy in a year? By that time, I think this community will have collected enough data to know whether the workflow we have set up for deletion is suitable for Wikiversity or otherwise. --[[User:HappyCamper|HappyCamper]] 18:11, 8 February 2012 (UTC)
:::I like it! [[User:Marshallsumter|Marshallsumter]] 21:26, 8 February 2012 (UTC)
:::I support revisiting/reviewing in a year. I am also willing to support the deletion proposal as a guideline instead of a policy. --[[User:Darklama|&lt;span style=&quot;background:DarkSlateBlue;color:white;padding:2px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;dark&lt;/span&gt;]][[User talk:Darklama|&lt;span style=&quot;background:darkslategray;color:white;padding:2px;&quot;&gt;lama&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;]] 22:06, 8 February 2012 (UTC)
::::I like the guideline suggestion as well. [[User:Marshallsumter|Marshallsumter]] 02:23, 9 February 2012 (UTC)
:::::Me too. Let's do that then, elevate to guideline, and revisit in a year. I'll close this in a few days if nobody beats me to it. --[[User:HappyCamper|HappyCamper]] 06:02, 10 February 2012 (UTC)

===References===
{{reflist}}
[[User:Marshallsumter|Marshallsumter]] 21:20, 23 January 2012 (UTC)

: 1) The objective is to give a &quot;summary of some of the major schools of thought in economics outlining their methodological differences.&quot; The implicitly stated educational outcome is that students understand some of the major methodological differences between these rather broad schools of thought. The purpose of creating the resource was to gather the scatterred information on this topic into a small overview - hence the title - which I think it accomplishes.
: 3) I agree that lack of citations is an issue. I didn't go by any particular source while writing, just accumulated knowledge from reading various sources. Some of the names are paraphrased from Wikipedia, yes, but I don't see how this would be a deletion-worthy issue. I'll try to add some references later this week. Perhaps the policy should clarify that speedy delete is meant for major copyvios?
: 6) The page is not vandalism. I am not a vandal.
: I disagree that further development may be difficult. There are several schools of thought that aren't mentioned (such as Marxist economics) and the differences can be extended and elaborated. I'm hoping that various economsts can go over the page and ensure that their preferred school of thought has been given a fair treatment.
: Yes, the resource is a stub and needs improvement. But it is something of a stretch to argue for deletion under the proposed policy. -- [[User:Rf|Rf]] 03:08, 24 January 2012 (UTC)
::This really seems like a discussion which should take place at [[Talk:Overview of economic schools of thought]] instead. But briefly as an example, [[Overview of economic schools of thought]] would not be a page that would be speedily deleted by a custodian. If in the future someone proposed it for deletion, that proposed deletion tag still needs to stay up for 90 days before the page can be deleted. --[[User:HappyCamper|HappyCamper]] 04:45, 24 January 2012 (UTC)
::As an example, I think the resource is not eligible for speedy or proposed deletion because educational objectives and learning outcomes are present and not scarce. I think having educational objectives and learning outcomes explicitly stated is an ideal quality for featured resources. --[[User:Darklama|&lt;span style=&quot;background:DarkSlateBlue;color:white;padding:2px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;dark&lt;/span&gt;]][[User talk:Darklama|&lt;span style=&quot;background:darkslategray;color:white;padding:2px;&quot;&gt;lama&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;]] 16:45, 24 January 2012 (UTC)
'''Points about example:'''
# I agree discussing the chosen resource here is not appropriate, but as an example it may fit deletion criteria now being considered and could find itself with a deletion tag on it.
# Under [[:Category:Proposed deletions]] are ten economics resources put up for deletion by [[User:Rf|Rf]], following the current proposed deletion policy. The user has a desire to learn more economics and obviously has some background. Why not contribute to these ten rather than delete them? The best way to 'learn by doing' is to contribute to these resources.
# Let's say some one gets to about 300 resource contributions that they are cycling through to update. The delay per resource may be as high as six months. It is not fun to come to a resource and find a deletion tag on it! It is both stressful and irritating.
# Subjective interpretation of Criterion #3 could create many problems and many unnecessary deletion tags.
# While our custodians may make good decisions about what to delete and what not, this may not always be the case. If our deletion policy allows too easy a deletion process, we may lose more than we gain. [[User:Marshallsumter|Marshallsumter]] 18:47, 24 January 2012 (UTC)
::Let's raise an example of what I think would be a reasonable candidate for proposed deletion, such as [[Cat Toilet]]. It's not a speedy deletion. However, it does look like an engineering project that has been abandoned more than a year ago. There is only one intra-wiki-link. It has one subpage [[Cat Toilet/Howard Community College]] with a minimal amount of information on it. --[[User:HappyCamper|HappyCamper]] 01:00, 25 January 2012 (UTC)
::: As an example for proposed deletion, I recommend merging this and other resources into one learning project first as an alternative to deletion because there are many resources by the same person or group of people who is/are still active. Maybe use &quot;[[Special:Search/intitle:&quot;Howard Community College&quot;|Howard Community College]]&quot; as the learning project name. However I would still leave the learning project for proposed deletion because it may not get developed further. --[[User:Darklama|&lt;span style=&quot;background:DarkSlateBlue;color:white;padding:2px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;dark&lt;/span&gt;]][[User talk:Darklama|&lt;span style=&quot;background:darkslategray;color:white;padding:2px;&quot;&gt;lama&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;]] 14:08, 26 January 2012 (UTC)
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    <title>Katie Harwood</title>
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      <text bytes="28221" sha1="tfu7lczpe1em0lfo6v60y6atwphuv2b" xml:space="preserve">'''Katherine &quot;Katie&quot; Harwood''' is a fictional character in the 2002 film ''Ghost Ship'' where an innocent young girl goes on a sea voyage of a lifetime, only to be caught up in a living nightmare aboard the ill-fated ocean liner. In the film, Katie is the supporting deuteragonist to the main character (Maureen Epps) and stands in stark contrast to the completely evil and demonic antagonist (Jack Ferriman). In many regards, Katie could be considered just as much of a heroine as Maureen Epps for enduring unfathomable suffering and risking the wrath of Jack Ferriman through her unyielding efforts to save the souls and lives of others on the ship.&lt;ref&gt;Ghost Ship DVD (2003) - Extra features and behind the scenes&lt;/ref&gt; Katie is portrayed by a young [[w:Emily Browning|Emily Jane Browning]].

== Significance ==
Katie can be viewed as an iconic representation of childhood from an earlier era, at a time when life was simpler, and childhood more innocent.&lt;ref&gt;Ghost Ship DVD (2003) - Extra features and behind the scenes&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;[http://ghostshipmovie.warnerbros.com/production_notes.html?page=2/ Ghost Ship official movie page_production notes]&lt;/ref&gt; She stands out in a coarse mixed reviewed horror film as a compelling, distinctive and enduring character who subverts common horror child tropes.&lt;ref&gt;https://michellepatterson.net/2018/03/23/ghostship-film-review/Michelle Patterson Publications&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://moviefilmreview.com/186187/movie-review-of-ghost-ship-2002?utm_source=chatgpt.com/ Cal Knox Movie Review&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://lmariewood.com/2025/05/23/horror-tropes-when-to-use-them-and-when-to-subvert-them/ L. Marie Wood; Horror Tropes: When to Use Them and When to Subvert Them&lt;/ref&gt; With the Shout! Factory 20-year anniversary Blue-ray rerelease of ''Ghost Ship,'' Katie is made the new face of the film in the promotional artwork, elevating a morally intact child to iconic status; something very few horror children achieve, and even more so as a tragic and sympathetic figure without villainy.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.blu-ray.com/news/?id=27285/ Shout! Factory Ghost Ship 20-year anniversary collector’s edition Blu-ray disc&lt;/ref&gt;

== Synopsis ==
In May of 1962, an endearing Katie waves goodbye to her grandparents in [[Europe]] and journeys solo aboard the exquisite ''Antonia Graza'' on an exclusive cruise to rejoin her family in New York City. Since Katie is the only child onboard, she receives special care and attention. In describing her voyage Katie states, ”The whole ship was my playground, also beautiful. I was the only child onboard, so the ship’s purser and captain took special care of me. I felt so safe and happy with them.”&lt;ref&gt;Ghost Ship DVD (2003) - Extra features and behind the scenes&lt;/ref&gt;

However, after the Antonia Graza rescues a lone survivor and cargo from a sinking ship, Katie’s exciting journey suddenly takes a horrendous turn for the worse. Unbeknownst to Katie and her shipmates, the single survivor (Jack Ferriman) is literally a demonic henchman for Satan set on destroying lives and collecting souls. Ferriman informs select members of the crew about the millions in gold recovered from his sinking ship, and influences them to launch an elaborate plot to seize control of the Graza and the gold, by killing everyone onboard.

Remarkably, Katie survives the opening massacre scene on the foredeck, nevertheless, as the lone survivor and witness this also makes her a liability for the conspirators.&lt;ref&gt;Ghost Ship DVD (2003) - Extra features and behind the scenes&lt;/ref&gt; Although several crewmembers and passengers try to save her life from the homicidal conspirators, Katie is eventually caught and tragically hanged to death, with her murder concealed behind the partitioning door of her cabin.&lt;ref&gt;Ghost Ship DVD (2003) - Extra features and behind the scenes&lt;/ref&gt;

Instead of ascending to her rightful place in heaven, Katie’s spirit is trapped on the ship by demonic forces along with the entire compliment of murdered passengers and crew. However, since Katie is still a young child, her soul is completely innocent and therefore beyond the influence and control of the demonic Ferriman. Over the next 40 years, the evil Ferriman along with the help of the wicked “marked” souls, try to use the ship as a trap to destroy unsuspecting lives, and collect a quota of souls for hell.

Despite being the only flicker of good on the ship, Katie bravely opposes Ferriman and the evil spirits, and attempts to warn and save the lives of anyone who has the misfortune of being lured aboard the condemned vessel. Concerning these things, Katie says, “Without the mark, Jack can’t control me and because of this, he hates me most of all; scaring me at every turn and chasing me away when I try to warn those who come here.”&lt;ref&gt;Ghost Ship DVD (2003) - Extra features and behind the scenes&lt;/ref&gt;

When Maureen Epps and her ship salving crew are lured aboard the Graza by Ferriman, Katie attempts to warn them about the dangerous ship. Katie has very perceptive eyes, and finds Epps to be more open to the truth than her cohorts. Katie tries to leave Epps messages and clues, and even appears to her on several occasions. When Katie senses that Ferriman has sabotaged the salvage crew’s tugboat, she boldly tries to warn the crew, but is forcibly carried away by Ferriman. Epps witnesses Katie’s warning and sets off in search for the mysterious little girl.

Epps locates Katie’s cabin and comes face to face with her remains and her spirit. Katie allows Epps to have her cherished heart-shaped locket, and then proceeds to speak directly about the ship being a demonic trap. However, before Katie can finish explaining, she is overheard by an invisible Ferriman and lets out a frightened scream as he removes her from the cabin. Undeterred, Katie returns and tries to help Epps and her remaining crewmembers escape.

Endowed with supernatural power from above, Katie transports Epps back to May 21, 1962 through her memories and reveals to her the horrifying events that led to everyone’s death, including her own. Furthermore, Katie reveals the true identity of Jack Ferriman and his goal to use the ship as a conduit to collect souls for Satan.&lt;ref&gt;Ghost Ship DVD (2003) - Extra features and behind the scenes&lt;/ref&gt;

After experiencing Katie’s heartbreaking vision, Epps decides to risk almost certain death by destroying the cursed ship with explosives. However, Katie helps Epps escape the rapidly sinking vessel, while emancipated souls rise from the ship. Katie stays faithfully by Epps and gives her a grateful smile as her spirit ascends toward heaven.&lt;ref&gt;Ghost Ship DVD (2003) - Extra features and behind the scenes&lt;/ref&gt;

== Religious &amp; Symbolic Implications ==
At its core, the story is deeply religious and the plot hinges on the concept of a young girl trying to save the lives (and ultimately souls) of others from demonic forces.&lt;ref&gt;Ghost Ship DVD (2003) - Extra features and behind the scenes&lt;/ref&gt;

=====Metaphorical Murals=====
The religious implications and [[Christian symbolism]] surrounding Katie’s story are rich. &lt;ref&gt;http://www.worsleyschool.net/socialarts/symbolism/page.html&lt;/ref&gt; Although only lightly touched on in the final version of the film, the most obvious religious connections come through the [[Gustave Dore]] inspired murals displayed throughout the ship. The murals are depictions based on Dante Alighieri’s Divine Comedy and The Inferno. The metaphorical murals hint at the struggle between Katie and Ferriman over the lives and souls on the ship.&lt;ref&gt;Ghost Ship DVD (2003) - Extra features and behind the scenes&lt;/ref&gt; Lead actress Julianna Margulies says, “Katie is like Virgil in Dante’s Inferno. Margulies explains that Katie is like a “little guide” trying to lead others through hell and then safely onto the other side.&lt;ref&gt;Ghost Ship DVD (2003) - Extra features and behind the scenes&lt;/ref&gt; As in the mural of Charon, Ferriman is literally a “ferry man” using a boat in the attempt to ferry souls to hell and eternal damnation.  Conversely, Katie opposes Ferriman by trying to protect and warn all unsuspecting visitors and sharing the truth about the demonic ship.

=====Marked Souls=====
An additional concept presented in the plot are the “marked” souls. Like the murals in the story, the souls of the sinful and the “lost”&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book| last=Towns |first=Elmer | title=Liberty Bible Commentary |publisher=Thomas Nelson Inc |location=Nashville, TN |page=563 | year=1983}}&lt;/ref&gt; are marked with a hooked-shaped indention on their hand. Katie says the mark is “a sign of their sins” and that they are bound to the will of Satan and his demons, in addition to eventually sharing in their same flaming judgment.&lt;ref&gt;Ghost Ship DVD (2003) - Extra features and behind the scenes&lt;/ref&gt; However, not all the murals are somber. The depiction of angels defeating the demons and casting them down foreshadows the eventual defeat of Ferriman and ultimately all evil.&lt;ref&gt;Ghost Ship DVD (2003) - Extra features and behind the scenes&lt;/ref&gt;

=====The Dove and Locket=====
Another subtle, but implicit [[Christian symbolism]] is Katie’s heart-shaped locket with the image of a raised dove in flight.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book| last=Barton |first=John | title=The Oxford Bible Commentary |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York, NY  | year=2001 |page=383}}&lt;/ref&gt; In Christian tradition, this type of dove can symbolize innocence, purity, faith, hope, God’s peace, God’s presence through the [[Holy Spirit (Christianity)|Holy Spirit]] and God’s guidance and deliverance.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05144b.htm&lt;/ref&gt; The dove also indicated God’s bestowal of fortitude necessary to bear suffering and death&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book| last=Gauding |first=Madonna | title=The Signs and Symbols Bible |publisher=Sterling Publishing Co |location=New York, NY  | year=2009 |page=82}}&lt;/ref&gt;. In this sense, the remains of the dead dove on the bridge of the ship, foreshadows Katie’s death, but at the same time indicates that there could still be hope.  When Epps puts on Katie’s locket, it implies that Epps now has a renewed heart, or possibly even salvation as stated in Bible scripture. In this manner, the locket could also represent that Epps’ soul is not &quot;marked&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Ghost Ship DVD (2003) - Extra features and behind the scenes&lt;/ref&gt;

=====Parallel of an Innocent and Sacrificial Life=====
A striking parallel could also be drawn between Katie and Jesus Christ. In the bible, Christ lives a completely innocent life, but is hung on a cross to sacrificially die for the sins of all humanity.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book| last=Towns |first=Elmer | title=Liberty Bible Commentary |publisher=Thomas Nelson Inc |location=Nashville, TN  | year=1983 |pages=2228-2229}}&lt;/ref&gt; Christ tastes the sting of death and hell in order to offer salvation to all who will put their faith in Him.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book| last=Barton |first=John | title=The Oxford Bible Commentary |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York, NY  | year=2001 |page=966}}&lt;/ref&gt; Similarly, innocent Katie is hung by a rope behind a dividing door, but through her death she is able to lead others to &quot;salvation&quot; and safety. Because of her young age and innocent death, Katie is the only voice of hope for all the suppressed souls held captive on the demonic ship. Katie also endures small tastes of hell from Ferriman in her efforts to save others. However, Katie’s love and compassion for the lives of others is greater than her fear and pain, and in similarity to Christ, Katie rises victoriously to heaven in the end.&lt;ref&gt;Ghost Ship DVD (2003) - Extra features and behind the scenes&lt;/ref&gt;

=====Forty Years and the Promised Land=====
40 years is a significant reoccurring number in the Christian faith.&lt;ref&gt;Collins English Dictonary http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/promised land&lt;/ref&gt; The [[Israelites]] endured 40 years of great trial and testing in the wilderness before they were able to enter their promised land of rest. In Christian tradition, the earthly life is often compared to a time of trial in the wilderness and the Promised Land a metaphor for heaven.&lt;ref&gt;Collins English Dictonary http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/promised land&lt;/ref&gt; Correspondingly, Katie has endured the “wilderness” and trials of the ship for 40 years, but as the result of Epps’ help she is inevitably freed to enter the “promised land” of heaven.

=====Concept of Free Will=====
Free will is both discussed and demonstrated in the story.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book| last=Keck |first=Leander | title=The New Interpreter's  Bible vol. 9 |publisher=Abingdon Press |location=Nashville, TN  | year=2002 |pages=61-62}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ultimately, the crew members who die are led to destruction by their own sins and their selfish desire for greed, lust and power. Epps is spared the fate of her shipmates through listening to Katie’s warnings and humbly responding to the truth.&lt;ref&gt;[http://ghostshipmovie.warnerbros.com/production_notes.html?page=2/ Ghost Ship official movie page_production notes]&lt;/ref&gt;

=====Elevated Status of Children=====
In the Christian bible God often uses the most humble and unlikely people to work through &lt;ref&gt;{{cite book| last=Towns |first=Elmer | title=Liberty Bible Commentary |publisher=Thomas Nelson Inc |location=Nashville, TN  | year=1983 |page=2283}}&lt;/ref&gt; – Out of hundreds on the ship, Katie is the meekest, humblest and most unlikely to do anything significant, yet every soul on the ship ends up depending on her.&lt;ref&gt;[http://ghostshipmovie.warnerbros.com/production_notes.html?page=2/ Ghost Ship official movie page production notes]&lt;/ref&gt;

Katie is also reminiscent of Christ elevating the status of children when he gave them special attention and profoundly declared that unless one humbles them self and has the faith of a little child, they will not enter the kingdom of heaven. This is further illustrated when Christ took a lowly child and placed him in the midst of his followers and stated that only those with childlike faith will be the greatest in the kingdom of heaven.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book| last=Barton |first=John | title=The Oxford Bible Commentary |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York, NY  | year=2001 |page=963}}&lt;/ref&gt; This concept is demonstrated by Epps' willingness to humble herself to Katie's level.&lt;ref&gt;Ghost Ship DVD (2003) - Extra features and behind the scenes&lt;/ref&gt;

The role of children in Christian scripture – Comparisons could be made between Katie and several unpretentious bible characters such as the lowly shepherd boy David who defeated the warrior Goliath and became king. Outwardly both young Katie and David appear to be nothing more that mere children, however, inwardly they possess vast unforeseen potential and a tremendous strength of character.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book| last=Towns |first=Elmer | title=Liberty Bible Commentary |publisher=Thomas Nelson Inc |location=Nashville, TN  | year=1983 |page=563}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Ghost Ship DVD (2003) - Extra features and behind the scenes&lt;/ref&gt;

=====Eternal Destinations=====
In the film, as with [[Christian soteriology]] there are two clear eternal destinations which souls go to after death; ether heaven or hell.  A heart of child-like faith will put one on the path to heaven, but a sinful life eventually leads to destruction.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book| last=Towns |first=Elmer | title=Liberty Bible Commentary |publisher=Thomas Nelson Inc |location=Nashville, TN  | year=1983 |page=1902}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=====The Destructiveness of Sinful Choices=====
One of the morals of the story is the corrupting dangers of pursuing riches. This theme also fits aptly within the religious concepts of the film.&lt;ref&gt;[http://ghostshipmovie.warnerbros.com/production_notes.html?page=2/ Ghost Ship official movie page_production notes]&lt;/ref&gt; Sinful greed, lust, debauchery and selfish desire can influence ordinarily good people to do horribly evil things (1Timothy 6:9-10).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book| title=Life Application Bible - New International Version |publisher=Tyndale House Publishers, Inc. |location=Wheaton, IL | page=2195 | year=1991}}&lt;/ref&gt; The choices made by the characters in the story illustrate this principle.

“Be sure your sins will find you out” – As the story goes, sinful activities have consequences and will eventually have to be accounted for, and the ultimate payment for sin in the end is both physical and spiritual death (Romans 6:20-23). &lt;ref&gt;{{cite book| title=Life Application Bible - New International Version |publisher=Tyndale House Publishers, Inc. |location=Wheaton, IL | page=2039 | year=1991}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;[http://ghostshipmovie.warnerbros.com/production_notes.html?page=2/ Ghost Ship official movie page_production notes]&lt;/ref&gt;

=====Loving Others before Ourselves=====
“Greater love has no one than this – To lay one’s life down for their friends.” Katie and Epps are both willing put themselves at risk to save lives. Through the process of trying to help others both Epps and Katie experience help for themselves.&lt;ref&gt;Ghost Ship DVD (2003) - Extra features and behind the scenes&lt;/ref&gt;

“Those who seek to save their life will lose it, but those who are willing to lose their life will save it.”&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book| title=Life Application Bible - New International Version |publisher=Tyndale House Publishers, Inc. |location=Wheaton, IL | page=1842 | year=1991}}&lt;/ref&gt; In this sense Epps' life is saved, because she places the needs of others first. Katie also inherits eternal life in heaven by risking herself to help others.

=====Purgatory=====
The concept of purgatory (Whalen p. 1034-1039)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book| last=Whalen |first=John | title=New Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 11|publisher=Catholic University of America |location=Washington, D.C.  | year=1983}}&lt;/ref&gt; is also mentioned when Katie states that the ship had become like a “prison” where souls are trapped among the living between heaven and hell.&lt;ref&gt;Ghost Ship DVD (2003) - Extra features and behind the scenes&lt;/ref&gt;

====Additional Symbolism====
=====Life as a Voyage on a Ship=====
Life itself is comparable to a voyage on ship...illustrating that our lives are like a ship that is bound for one of two possible destinations.&lt;ref&gt;Ghost Ship DVD (2003) - Extra features and behind the scenes&lt;/ref&gt; In the context of Ghost Ship, the voyage ends in destruction (death and hell) unless we get off. In this sense, Katie pleads with us to get off, but that involves humbly changing our ways and giving up the allure and pursuit of vain things such as wealth and power.&lt;ref&gt;[http://ghostshipmovie.warnerbros.com/production_notes.html?page=2/ Ghost Ship official movie page_production notes]&lt;/ref&gt;

=====Symbols of Changing Times=====
The once elegant and decaying ship is a symbol of changing times.&lt;ref&gt;Ghost Ship DVD (2003) - Extra features and behind the scenes&lt;/ref&gt; In a similar manner, Katie can be viewed as a symbolic representation of childhood from a more innocent era. Just as the ship decays to ruin from its glorious 1950’s splendor, Katie’s deteriorating childhood possessions and even Katie herself, are evocative symbols of changing times and eroding childhood innocence.&lt;ref&gt;Ghost Ship DVD (2003) - Extra features and behind the scenes&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dichotomy and Contrasts ==
Katie is in some ways a complicated paradox: She has been deeply hurt and traumatized by all she has experienced, but by the same token, she is still very much an innocent child – Even after 40 years of resilient growth as a character. Katie exhibits a wide array of emotions from timid youthful innocence and joy, to extreme terror, sadness, loneliness, and solemn distress.&lt;ref&gt; [http://ghostshipmovie.warnerbros.com/production_notes.html?page=2/ Ghost Ship official movie page_production notes]&lt;/ref&gt;

====Characters====
Even under tremendously trying circumstances Katie demonstrates an incredible inner strength of character without compromising the sweet kind-hearted &quot;girly&quot; girl she really is. The fact that Katie remains true to herself in spite of all the evil and suffering she experienced transcends their eroding influence and distinguishes her from the other characters.&lt;ref&gt;[http://ghostshipmovie.warnerbros.com/production_notes.html?page=2/ Ghost Ship official movie page_production notes]&lt;/ref&gt;

=====Ferriman=====
Ferriman is representative of Satan and the crafty deceptiveness of evil in destroying people’s lives. Katie and Ferriman are at completely opposite ends of the Christian spectrum – The demonic Ferriman is totally depraved and evil while Katie is sweet and innocent. Katie is motivated by love and compassion, Ferriman is motivated by hate and rage.&lt;ref&gt; [http://ghostshipmovie.warnerbros.com/production_notes.html?page=2/ Ghost Ship official movie page_production notes]&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Ghost Ship DVD (2003) - Extra features and behind the scenes&lt;/ref&gt;

=====Epps=====
Although Katie and Epps are two completely dissimilar characters from different eras, they still grow quite close. Epps is &quot;a woman working in a man's world&quot;&lt;ref&gt; [http://ghostshipmovie.warnerbros.com/production_notes.html?page=2/ Ghost Ship official movie page_production notes]&lt;/ref&gt; and appears somewhat tough and masculine on the exterior like a tomboy. Although not specifically stated, the story indicates that Epps is likely from a broken home. On the other hand, Katie comes from a close, traditional nuclear family. In contrast to Epps, Katie is more of a typical &quot;girly&quot; girl and is slightly timid, but possess a stout inner fortitude despite her diminutive and delicate appearance.&lt;ref&gt; [http://ghostshipmovie.warnerbros.com/production_notes.html?page=2/ Ghost Ship official movie page_production notes]&lt;/ref&gt;

=====Francesca=====
The sultry Francesca lives the more representative life of a performing artist. Unlike Epps who feels the need to downplay her femininity, Francesca leans toward the other extreme and attempts to flaunt her femininity to her own advantage, even to the point of her own exploitation. Conversely, Katie is still a virtuous and modest little girl, who has yet to be tainted by any corrupting influences of the world.&lt;ref&gt;Ghost Ship DVD (2003) - Extra features and behind the scenes&lt;/ref&gt;

=====Captain Murphy=====
Captain Murphy appears to be a strong imposing ship captain on the outside, however, when confronted with trials and tribulations, his perceived strength is shown to be superficial. This is evident by his emotional breakdown where he shuts off emotionally and withdraws to himself while attempting to drown his problems in alcohol. In contrast, Katie appears to be very delicate in both physical appearance and personality. However, despite her dainty appearance, Katie proves her true strength and fortitude from within through dealing with her pain and problems directly, instead of allow it to define her&lt;ref&gt;Ghost Ship DVD (2003) - Extra features and behind the scenes&lt;/ref&gt;

====General Themes====
Light vs. darkness, good vs. evil, childhood innocence vs. wickedness, tragedy vs. triumph, simpler more wholesome times, vs. the complexity and loss of innocence of today.&lt;ref&gt; [http://ghostshipmovie.warnerbros.com/production_notes.html?page=2/ Ghost Ship official movie page_production notes]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Conclusion ==
On the surface, Katie’s story is an emotional tale of heartache and tragedy – Something that no young person should ever have to endure. However, Katie’s story is also essential to the plot. &lt;ref&gt;[http://ghostshipmovie.warnerbros.com/production_notes.html?page=2/ Ghost Ship official movie page_production notes]&lt;/ref&gt; Through helping each other and being willing to put themselves at risk, Katie and Epps together achieve a triumph out of the tragedy and deliver a major blow to Ferriman and the forces of evil.  Although the struggle over the souls of people will continue, this victory of the human spirit gives hope even in the face of terrible suffering, evil and even death.&lt;ref&gt;Ghost Ship DVD (2003) - Extra features and behind the scenes&lt;/ref&gt;

“Katie is really a very sweet girl.  She's completely innocent…“ says Emily Jane Browning, who obviously became completely immersed in her character.  “…She's been hoping someone would come onto the ship to be her friend, so when Epps arrives she's very excited – they develop a real friendship.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[http://ghostshipmovie.warnerbros.com/production_notes.html?page=2/ Ghost Ship official movie page_production notes]&lt;/ref&gt;

”Emily did an amazing job,” Director Steve Beck enthuses. “She gave Katie a real complexity…she's not just a little girl caught up in a ghost story…”  Both Browning and Beck also added that underneath all her heartfelt emotions, Katie longs for vindication and justice.&lt;ref&gt; [http://ghostshipmovie.warnerbros.com/production_notes.html?page=2/ Ghost Ship official movie page_production notes]&lt;/ref&gt;

The deeply symbolic and metaphorical aspects surrounding Katie’s story along with the close relationships she develops with others lends support to the notion that the film was originally intended to be more than just another Hollywood “slasher” horror. This is further substantiated by Katie’s tearful and heartfelt story – Emotionally poignant and touching drama not usually associated with a horror picture.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.dailyscript.com/scripts/ghost_ship_info.txt&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
===Footnotes===
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

===Cited Texts===
{{refbegin}}

*{{cite book| last=Barclay | first=William | title=The Gospel of Mark |publisher=Westminster Press | location=Philadelphia, PA | isbn=0664213022 | year=1975}}
*{{cite book| last=Barton |first=John | title=The Oxford Bible Commentary |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York, NY  | isbn=0-19-875500-7 | year=2001}}
*{{cite book| last=Boettner |first=Loraine | title=Roman Catholicism |publisher=Presbyterian &amp; Reformed Publishing Co. |location=Phillipsburg, NJ |isbn=0875521304 | year=1985}}
*{{cite book| last=Buttrick |first=George | title=The Interpreter's Bible vol. 12 |publisher=Abingdon Press |location=Nashville, TN |asin=B000HTP248 | year=1957}}
*{{cite book |title=Collins English Dictionary - Complete &amp; Unabridged 10th Edition  |date=2009 | publisher=Harper Collins |location=New York, NY}}
*{{cite book| last=Dummelow |first=J.R. | title=Commentary on the Whole Bible |publisher=Macmillian Publishing Co. |location=New York, NY | year=1936}}
*{{cite book| last=Gaebelein |first=Frank | title=The Expositors Bible Commentary vol. 1 |publisher=Zondervan |location=Grand Rapids, MI |isbn=0310364302 | year=1979}}
*{{cite book| last=Gauding |first=Madonna | title=The Signs and Symbols Bible |publisher=Sterling Publishing Co. |location=New York, NY |isbn=1402770049| year=2009}}
*{{cite book| last=Jamieson |first=Fausset | title=Commentary on the Whole Bible  |publisher=Zondervan |location=Grand Rapids, MI| asin=B004BCQP8O | year=1971}}
*{{cite book| last=Keck |first=Leander | title=New Interpreter's Bible vol. 9 |publisher=Abingdon Press |location=Nashville, TN |isbn=0687278228 | year=2002}}
*{{cite book| title=Life Application Bible - New International Version |publisher=Tyndale House Publishers, Inc. |location=Wheaton, IL | lccn=90-71553| year=1991}}
*{{cite book| last=Towns |first=Elmer | title=Liberty Bible Commentary |publisher=Thomas Nelson Inc |location=Nashville, TN |isbn=0840752954 | year=1983}}
*{{cite book| last=Wall |first=Robert | title=The New Interpreter's Bible vol. 10 |publisher=Abingdon Press |location=Nashville, TN |isbn=0687278236 | year=2002}}
*{{cite book| last=Whalen |first=John | title=New Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 11 |publisher=Catholic University of America |location=Washington D.C. | lccn=66-22292 | year=1967}}

{{refend}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.dailyscript.com/scripts/ghost_ship_info.txt/ Daily Script_Ghost Ship]
* [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0288477/ Internet Movie Database_Ghost Ship 2002]
* [http://ghostshipmovie.warnerbros.com/production_notes.html?page=2/ Ghost Ship official movie page_production notes]
* [http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/ghost_ship/ Rotten Tomatoes movie review_Ghost Ship]
[[Category:Analysis]]
[[Category:Film]]</text>
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      <text bytes="28456" sha1="c9ei7litkkkkomuft2yzkaxkyn3zoft" xml:space="preserve">'''Katherine &quot;Katie&quot; Harwood''' is a fictional character in the 2002 film ''Ghost Ship'' where an innocent young girl goes on a sea voyage of a lifetime, only to be caught up in a living nightmare aboard the ill-fated ocean liner. In the film, Katie is the supporting deuteragonist to the main character (Maureen Epps) and stands in stark contrast to the completely evil and demonic antagonist (Jack Ferriman). In many regards, Katie could be considered just as much of a heroine as Maureen Epps for enduring unfathomable suffering and risking the wrath of Jack Ferriman through her unyielding efforts to save the souls and lives of others on the ship.&lt;ref&gt;Ghost Ship DVD (2003) - Extra features and behind the scenes&lt;/ref&gt; Katie is portrayed by a young [[w:Emily Browning|Emily Jane Browning]].

== Significance ==
Katie can be viewed as an iconic representation of childhood from an earlier era, at a time when life was simpler, and childhood more innocent.&lt;ref&gt;Ghost Ship DVD (2003) - Extra features and behind the scenes&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;[http://ghostshipmovie.warnerbros.com/production_notes.html?page=2/ Ghost Ship official movie page_production notes]&lt;/ref&gt; She stands out in a coarse mixed reviewed horror film as a compelling, distinctive and enduring character who subverts common horror child tropes.&lt;ref&gt;https://michellepatterson.net/2018/03/23/ghostship-film-review/Michelle Patterson Publications&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://moviefilmreview.com/186187/movie-review-of-ghost-ship-2002?utm_source=chatgpt.com/ Cal Knox Movie Review&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://lmariewood.com/2025/05/23/horror-tropes-when-to-use-them-and-when-to-subvert-them/ L. Marie Wood; Horror Tropes: When to Use Them and When to Subvert Them&lt;/ref&gt; With the Shout! Factory 20-year anniversary Blue-ray rerelease of ''Ghost Ship,'' Katie is made the new face of the film in the promotional artwork, elevating a morally intact child to iconic status; something very few horror children achieve, and even more so as a tragic and sympathetic figure without villainy.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.blu-ray.com/news/?id=27285/ Shout! Factory Ghost Ship 20-year anniversary collector’s edition Blu-ray disc&lt;/ref&gt;

== Synopsis ==
In May of 1962, an endearing Katie waves goodbye to her grandparents in [[Europe]] and journeys solo aboard the exquisite ''Antonia Graza'' on an exclusive cruise to rejoin her family in New York City. Since Katie is the only child onboard, she receives special care and attention. In describing her voyage Katie states, ”The whole ship was my playground, also beautiful. I was the only child onboard, so the ship’s purser and captain took special care of me. I felt so safe and happy with them.”&lt;ref&gt;Ghost Ship DVD (2003) - Extra features and behind the scenes&lt;/ref&gt;

However, after the Antonia Graza rescues a lone survivor and cargo from a sinking ship, Katie’s exciting journey suddenly takes a horrendous turn for the worse. Unbeknownst to Katie and her shipmates, the single survivor (Jack Ferriman) is literally a demonic henchman for Satan set on destroying lives and collecting souls. Ferriman informs select members of the crew about the millions in gold recovered from his sinking ship, and influences them to launch an elaborate plot to seize control of the Graza and the gold, by killing everyone onboard.

Remarkably, Katie survives the opening massacre scene on the foredeck, nevertheless, as the lone survivor and witness this also makes her a liability for the conspirators.&lt;ref&gt;Ghost Ship DVD (2003) - Extra features and behind the scenes&lt;/ref&gt; Although several crewmembers and passengers try to save her life from the homicidal conspirators, Katie is eventually caught and tragically hanged to death, with her murder concealed behind the partitioning door of her cabin.&lt;ref&gt;Ghost Ship DVD (2003) - Extra features and behind the scenes&lt;/ref&gt;

Instead of ascending to her rightful place in heaven, Katie’s spirit is trapped on the ship by demonic forces along with the entire compliment of murdered passengers and crew. However, since Katie is still a young child, her soul is completely innocent and therefore beyond the influence and control of the demonic Ferriman. Over the next 40 years, the evil Ferriman along with the help of the wicked “marked” souls, try to use the ship as a trap to destroy unsuspecting lives, and collect a quota of souls for hell.

Despite being the only flicker of good on the ship, Katie bravely opposes Ferriman and the evil spirits, and attempts to warn and save the lives of anyone who has the misfortune of being lured aboard the condemned vessel. Concerning these things, Katie says, “Without the mark, Jack can’t control me and because of this, he hates me most of all; scaring me at every turn and chasing me away when I try to warn those who come here.”&lt;ref&gt;Ghost Ship DVD (2003) - Extra features and behind the scenes&lt;/ref&gt;

When Maureen Epps and her ship salving crew are lured aboard the Graza by Ferriman, Katie attempts to warn them about the dangerous ship. Katie has very perceptive eyes, and finds Epps to be more open to the truth than her cohorts. Katie tries to leave Epps messages and clues, and even appears to her on several occasions. When Katie learns Ferriman has sabotaged the salvage crew’s tugboat, she boldly tries to warn the crew, but is forcibly carried away by Ferriman. Epps witnesses Katie’s warning and sets off in search for the mysterious little girl.

Epps locates Katie’s cabin and comes face to face with her remains and her spirit. Katie allows Epps to have her cherished heart-shaped locket, and then proceeds to speak directly about the ship being a demonic trap. However, before Katie can finish explaining, she is overheard by an invisible Ferriman and lets out a frightened scream as he removes her from the cabin. Undeterred, Katie returns and tries to help Epps and her remaining crewmembers escape.

Endowed with supernatural power from above, Katie transports Epps back to May 21, 1962 through her memories and reveals to her the horrifying events that led to everyone’s death, including her own. Furthermore, Katie reveals the true identity of Jack Ferriman and his goal to use the ship as a conduit to collect souls for Satan.&lt;ref&gt;Ghost Ship DVD (2003) - Extra features and behind the scenes&lt;/ref&gt;

After experiencing Katie’s heartbreaking vision, Epps decides to risk almost certain death by destroying the cursed ship with explosives. However, Katie helps Epps escape the rapidly sinking vessel, while emancipated souls rise from the ship. Katie stays faithfully by Epps and gives her a grateful smile as her spirit ascends toward heaven.&lt;ref&gt;Ghost Ship DVD (2003) - Extra features and behind the scenes&lt;/ref&gt;

== Religious &amp; Symbolic Implications ==
At its core, the story is deeply religious and the plot hinges on the concept of a young girl trying to save the lives (and ultimately souls) of others from demonic forces.&lt;ref&gt;Ghost Ship DVD (2003) - Extra features and behind the scenes&lt;/ref&gt;

=====Metaphorical Murals=====
The religious implications and [[Christian symbolism]] surrounding Katie’s story are rich. &lt;ref&gt;http://www.worsleyschool.net/socialarts/symbolism/page.html&lt;/ref&gt; Although only lightly touched on in the final version of the film, the most obvious religious connections come through the [[Gustave Dore]] inspired murals displayed throughout the ship. The murals are depictions based on Dante Alighieri’s Divine Comedy and The Inferno. The metaphorical murals hint at the struggle between Katie and Ferriman over the lives and souls on the ship.&lt;ref&gt;Ghost Ship DVD (2003) - Extra features and behind the scenes&lt;/ref&gt; Lead actress Julianna Margulies says, “Katie is like Virgil in Dante’s Inferno.&quot; Margulies explains that Katie is like a “little guide” trying to lead others through the hell of the ship and then safely onto the other side.&lt;ref&gt;Ghost Ship DVD (2003) - Extra features and behind the scenes&lt;/ref&gt; As in the mural of Charon, Ferriman is literally a “ferry man” using a boat in the attempt to ferry souls to hell and eternal damnation.  Conversely, Katie opposes Ferriman by trying to protect and warn all unsuspecting visitors and sharing the truth about the demonic ship.

=====Marked Souls=====
An additional concept presented in the plot are the “marked” souls. Like the murals in the story, the souls of the sinful and the “lost”&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book| last=Towns |first=Elmer | title=Liberty Bible Commentary |publisher=Thomas Nelson Inc |location=Nashville, TN |page=563 | year=1983}}&lt;/ref&gt; are marked with a hooked-shaped indention on their hand. Katie says the mark is “a sign of their sins” and that they are bound (symbolically) to the will of Satan and his demons, in addition to eventually sharing in their same judgment.&lt;ref&gt;Ghost Ship DVD (2003) - Extra features and behind the scenes&lt;/ref&gt; However, not all the murals are somber. The depiction of angels defeating the demons and casting them down foreshadows the eventual defeat of Ferriman and ultimately all evil.&lt;ref&gt;Ghost Ship DVD (2003) - Extra features and behind the scenes&lt;/ref&gt; Although not an overt theological story, the murals act as visual theology embedded in the ship.

=====The Dove and Locket=====
Another subtle, but implicit [[Christian symbolism]] is Katie’s heart-shaped locket with the image of a raised dove in flight.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book| last=Barton |first=John | title=The Oxford Bible Commentary |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York, NY  | year=2001 |page=383}}&lt;/ref&gt; In Christian tradition, this type of dove can symbolize innocence, purity, faith, hope, God’s peace, God’s presence through the [[Holy Spirit (Christianity)|Holy Spirit]] and God’s guidance and deliverance.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05144b.htm&lt;/ref&gt; Historically, the dove also indicated God’s bestowal of fortitude necessary to bear suffering and death&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book| last=Gauding |first=Madonna | title=The Signs and Symbols Bible |publisher=Sterling Publishing Co |location=New York, NY  | year=2009 |page=82}}&lt;/ref&gt;. In this sense, the remains of the dead dove on the bridge of the ship, foreshadows Katie’s death, but at the same time indicates that there could still be hope.  When Epps puts on Katie’s locket, it implies that Epps now has a renewed heart, or possibly even salvation as stated in Bible scripture. In this manner, the locket could also represent that Epps’ soul is not &quot;marked&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Ghost Ship DVD (2003) - Extra features and behind the scenes&lt;/ref&gt;

=====Parallel of an Innocent and Sacrificial Life=====
A striking parallel could also be drawn between Katie and Jesus Christ. In the scriptures, Christ lives a completely innocent life, but is hung on a cross to sacrificially die for the sins of all humanity.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book| last=Towns |first=Elmer | title=Liberty Bible Commentary |publisher=Thomas Nelson Inc |location=Nashville, TN  | year=1983 |pages=2228-2229}}&lt;/ref&gt; Christ tastes the sting of death and hell in order to offer salvation to all who will put their faith in Him.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book| last=Barton |first=John | title=The Oxford Bible Commentary |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York, NY  | year=2001 |page=966}}&lt;/ref&gt; Similarly, innocent Katie is hung by a rope behind a dividing door, but through her death she is able to lead others to &quot;salvation&quot; and safety. Because of her young age and innocent death, Katie is the only voice of hope for all the suppressed souls held captive on the demonic ship. Katie also endures hellish treatment from Ferriman in her efforts to lead others away from physical and spiritual death.  However, Katie’s love and compassion for the lives of others is greater than her fear and pain. Although she is not raised from the dead bodily within the narrative, her spirit rises triumphantly heavenward at the climax.&lt;ref&gt;Ghost Ship DVD (2003) - Extra features and behind the scenes&lt;/ref&gt;

=====Forty Years and the Promised Land=====
40 years is a significant reoccurring number in the Christian faith.&lt;ref&gt;Collins English Dictonary http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/promised land&lt;/ref&gt; The [[Israelites]] endured 40 years of great trial and testing in the wilderness before they were able to enter their promised land of rest. In Christian tradition, the earthly life is often compared to a time of trial in the wilderness and the Promised Land a metaphor for heaven.&lt;ref&gt;Collins English Dictonary http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/promised land&lt;/ref&gt; Correspondingly, Katie has endured the “wilderness” and trials of the ship for 40 years, but as the result of Epps’ help she is inevitably freed to enter the “promised land” of heaven.

=====Concept of Free Will=====
Free will is both discussed and demonstrated in the story.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book| last=Keck |first=Leander | title=The New Interpreter's  Bible vol. 9 |publisher=Abingdon Press |location=Nashville, TN  | year=2002 |pages=61-62}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ultimately, the crew members who die are led to destruction by their own sins and their selfish desire for greed, lust and power. Epps is spared the fate of her shipmates through listening to Katie’s warnings and humbly responding to the truth.&lt;ref&gt;[http://ghostshipmovie.warnerbros.com/production_notes.html?page=2/ Ghost Ship official movie page_production notes]&lt;/ref&gt;

=====Elevated Status of Children=====
In the Christian bible God often uses the most humble and unlikely people to work through &lt;ref&gt;{{cite book| last=Towns |first=Elmer | title=Liberty Bible Commentary |publisher=Thomas Nelson Inc |location=Nashville, TN  | year=1983 |page=2283}}&lt;/ref&gt; – Out of hundreds on the ship, Katie is the meekest, humblest and most unlikely to do anything significant, yet every soul on the ship ends up depending on her.&lt;ref&gt;[http://ghostshipmovie.warnerbros.com/production_notes.html?page=2/ Ghost Ship official movie page production notes]&lt;/ref&gt;

Katie is also reminiscent of Christ elevating the status of children when he gave them special attention and profoundly declared that unless one humbles them self and has the faith of a little child, they will not enter the kingdom of heaven. This is further illustrated when Christ took a lowly child and placed him in the midst of his followers and stated that only those with childlike faith will be the greatest in the kingdom of heaven.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book| last=Barton |first=John | title=The Oxford Bible Commentary |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York, NY  | year=2001 |page=963}}&lt;/ref&gt; This concept is demonstrated by Epps' willingness to humble herself to Katie's level.&lt;ref&gt;Ghost Ship DVD (2003) - Extra features and behind the scenes&lt;/ref&gt;

The role of children in Christian scripture – Comparisons could be made between Katie and several unpretentious bible characters such as the lowly shepherd boy David who defeated the warrior Goliath and became king. Outwardly both young Katie and David appear to be nothing more that mere children, however, inwardly they possess vast unforeseen potential and a tremendous strength of character.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book| last=Towns |first=Elmer | title=Liberty Bible Commentary |publisher=Thomas Nelson Inc |location=Nashville, TN  | year=1983 |page=563}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Ghost Ship DVD (2003) - Extra features and behind the scenes&lt;/ref&gt;

=====Eternal Destinations=====
In the film, as with [[Christian soteriology]] there are two clear eternal destinations which souls go to after death; ether heaven or hell.  A heart of child-like faith will put one on the path to heaven, but a sinful life eventually leads to destruction.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book| last=Towns |first=Elmer | title=Liberty Bible Commentary |publisher=Thomas Nelson Inc |location=Nashville, TN  | year=1983 |page=1902}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=====The Destructiveness of Sinful Choices=====
One of the morals of the story is the corrupting dangers of pursuing riches. This theme also fits aptly within the religious concepts of the film.&lt;ref&gt;[http://ghostshipmovie.warnerbros.com/production_notes.html?page=2/ Ghost Ship official movie page_production notes]&lt;/ref&gt; Sinful greed, lust, debauchery and selfish desire can influence ordinarily good people to do horribly evil things (1Timothy 6:9-10).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book| title=Life Application Bible - New International Version |publisher=Tyndale House Publishers, Inc. |location=Wheaton, IL | page=2195 | year=1991}}&lt;/ref&gt; The choices made by the characters in the story illustrate this principle.

“Be sure your sins will find you out” – As the story goes, sinful activities have consequences and will eventually have to be accounted for, and the ultimate payment for sin in the end is both physical and spiritual death (Romans 6:20-23). &lt;ref&gt;{{cite book| title=Life Application Bible - New International Version |publisher=Tyndale House Publishers, Inc. |location=Wheaton, IL | page=2039 | year=1991}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;[http://ghostshipmovie.warnerbros.com/production_notes.html?page=2/ Ghost Ship official movie page_production notes]&lt;/ref&gt;

=====Loving Others before Ourselves=====
“Greater love has no one than this – To lay one’s life down for their friends.” Katie and Epps are both willing put themselves at risk to save lives. Through the process of trying to help others both Epps and Katie experience help for themselves.&lt;ref&gt;Ghost Ship DVD (2003) - Extra features and behind the scenes&lt;/ref&gt;

“Those who seek to save their life will lose it, but those who are willing to lose their life will save it.”&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book| title=Life Application Bible - New International Version |publisher=Tyndale House Publishers, Inc. |location=Wheaton, IL | page=1842 | year=1991}}&lt;/ref&gt; In this sense Epps' life is saved, because she places the needs of others first. Katie also inherits eternal life in heaven by risking herself to help others.

=====Purgatory=====
The concept of purgatory (Whalen p. 1034-1039)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book| last=Whalen |first=John | title=New Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 11|publisher=Catholic University of America |location=Washington, D.C.  | year=1983}}&lt;/ref&gt; is also mentioned when Katie states that the ship had become like a “prison” where souls are trapped among the living between heaven and hell.&lt;ref&gt;Ghost Ship DVD (2003) - Extra features and behind the scenes&lt;/ref&gt;

====Additional Symbolism====
=====Life as a Voyage on a Ship=====
Life itself is comparable to a voyage on ship...illustrating that our lives are like a ship that is bound for one of two possible destinations.&lt;ref&gt;Ghost Ship DVD (2003) - Extra features and behind the scenes&lt;/ref&gt; In the context of Ghost Ship, the voyage ends in destruction (death and hell) unless we get off. In this sense, Katie pleads with us to get off, but that involves humbly changing our ways and giving up the allure and pursuit of vain things such as wealth and power.&lt;ref&gt;[http://ghostshipmovie.warnerbros.com/production_notes.html?page=2/ Ghost Ship official movie page_production notes]&lt;/ref&gt;

=====Symbols of Changing Times=====
The once elegant and decaying ship is a symbol of changing times.&lt;ref&gt;Ghost Ship DVD (2003) - Extra features and behind the scenes&lt;/ref&gt; In a similar manner, Katie can be viewed as a symbolic representation of childhood from a more innocent era. Just as the ship decays to ruin from its glorious 1950’s splendor, Katie’s deteriorating childhood possessions and even Katie herself, are evocative symbols of changing times and eroding childhood innocence.&lt;ref&gt;Ghost Ship DVD (2003) - Extra features and behind the scenes&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dichotomy and Contrasts ==
Katie is in some ways a complicated paradox: She has been deeply hurt and traumatized by all she has experienced, but by the same token, she is still very much an innocent child – Even after 40 years of resilient growth as a character. Katie exhibits a wide array of emotions from timid youthful innocence and joy, to extreme terror, sadness, loneliness, and solemn distress.&lt;ref&gt; [http://ghostshipmovie.warnerbros.com/production_notes.html?page=2/ Ghost Ship official movie page_production notes]&lt;/ref&gt;

====Characters====
Even under tremendously trying circumstances Katie demonstrates an incredible inner strength of character without compromising the sweet kind-hearted &quot;girly&quot; girl she really is. The fact that Katie remains true to herself in spite of all the evil and suffering she experienced transcends their eroding influence and distinguishes her from the other characters.&lt;ref&gt;[http://ghostshipmovie.warnerbros.com/production_notes.html?page=2/ Ghost Ship official movie page_production notes]&lt;/ref&gt;

=====Ferriman=====
Ferriman is representative of Satan and the crafty deceptiveness of evil in destroying people’s lives. Katie and Ferriman are at completely opposite ends of the Christian spectrum – The demonic Ferriman is totally depraved and evil while Katie is sweet and innocent. Katie is motivated by love and compassion, Ferriman is motivated by hate and rage.&lt;ref&gt; [http://ghostshipmovie.warnerbros.com/production_notes.html?page=2/ Ghost Ship official movie page_production notes]&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Ghost Ship DVD (2003) - Extra features and behind the scenes&lt;/ref&gt;

=====Epps=====
Although Katie and Epps are two completely dissimilar characters from different eras, they still grow quite close. Epps is &quot;a woman working in a man's world&quot;&lt;ref&gt; [http://ghostshipmovie.warnerbros.com/production_notes.html?page=2/ Ghost Ship official movie page_production notes]&lt;/ref&gt; and appears somewhat tough and masculine on the exterior like a tomboy. Although not specifically stated, the story indicates that Epps is likely from a broken home. On the other hand, Katie comes from a close, traditional nuclear family. In contrast to Epps, Katie is portrayed as a traditional mid-century girl and is slightly timid, but possess a stout inner fortitude despite her diminutive and delicate appearance.&lt;ref&gt; [http://ghostshipmovie.warnerbros.com/production_notes.html?page=2/ Ghost Ship official movie page_production notes]&lt;/ref&gt;

=====Francesca=====
The sultry Francesca lives the more representative life of a performing artist. Unlike Epps who feels the need to downplay her femininity, Francesca leans toward the other extreme and attempts to flaunt her femininity to her own advantage, even to the point of her own exploitation. Conversely, Katie is still a virtuous and modest little girl, who has yet to be tainted by any corrupting influences of the world.&lt;ref&gt;Ghost Ship DVD (2003) - Extra features and behind the scenes&lt;/ref&gt;

=====Captain Murphy=====
Captain Murphy appears to be a strong imposing ship captain on the outside, however, when confronted with trials and tribulations, his perceived strength is shown to be superficial. This is evident by his emotional breakdown where he shuts off emotionally and withdraws to himself while attempting to drown his problems in alcohol. In contrast, Katie appears to be very delicate in both physical appearance and personality. However, despite her dainty appearance, Katie proves her true strength and fortitude from within through dealing with her pain and problems directly, instead of allow it to define her&lt;ref&gt;Ghost Ship DVD (2003) - Extra features and behind the scenes&lt;/ref&gt;

====General Themes====
Light vs. darkness, good vs. evil, childhood innocence vs. wickedness, tragedy vs. triumph, simpler more wholesome times, vs. the complexity and loss of innocence of today.&lt;ref&gt; [http://ghostshipmovie.warnerbros.com/production_notes.html?page=2/ Ghost Ship official movie page_production notes]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Conclusion ==
On the surface, Katie’s story is an emotional tale of heartache and tragedy – Something that no young person should ever have to endure. However, Katie’s story is also essential to the plot. &lt;ref&gt;[http://ghostshipmovie.warnerbros.com/production_notes.html?page=2/ Ghost Ship official movie page_production notes]&lt;/ref&gt; Through helping each other and being willing to put themselves at risk, Katie and Epps together achieve a triumph out of the tragedy and deliver a major blow to Ferriman and the forces of evil.  Although the struggle over the souls of people will continue, this victory of the human spirit gives hope even in the face of terrible suffering, evil and even death.&lt;ref&gt;Ghost Ship DVD (2003) - Extra features and behind the scenes&lt;/ref&gt;

“Katie is really a very sweet girl.  She's completely innocent…“ says Emily Jane Browning, who obviously became completely immersed in her character.  “…She's been hoping someone would come onto the ship to be her friend, so when Epps arrives she's very excited – they develop a real friendship.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[http://ghostshipmovie.warnerbros.com/production_notes.html?page=2/ Ghost Ship official movie page_production notes]&lt;/ref&gt;

”Emily did an amazing job,” Director Steve Beck enthuses. “She gave Katie a real complexity…she's not just a little girl caught up in a ghost story…”  Both Browning and Beck also added that underneath all her heartfelt emotions, Katie longs for vindication and justice.&lt;ref&gt; [http://ghostshipmovie.warnerbros.com/production_notes.html?page=2/ Ghost Ship official movie page_production notes]&lt;/ref&gt;

The deeply symbolic and metaphorical aspects surrounding Katie’s story along with the close relationships she develops with others lends support to the notion that the film was originally intended to be more than just another Hollywood “slasher” horror. This is further substantiated by Katie’s tearful and heartfelt story – Emotionally poignant and touching drama not usually associated with a horror picture.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.dailyscript.com/scripts/ghost_ship_info.txt&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
===Footnotes===
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

===Cited Texts===
{{refbegin}}

*{{cite book| last=Barclay | first=William | title=The Gospel of Mark |publisher=Westminster Press | location=Philadelphia, PA | isbn=0664213022 | year=1975}}
*{{cite book| last=Barton |first=John | title=The Oxford Bible Commentary |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York, NY  | isbn=0-19-875500-7 | year=2001}}
*{{cite book| last=Boettner |first=Loraine | title=Roman Catholicism |publisher=Presbyterian &amp; Reformed Publishing Co. |location=Phillipsburg, NJ |isbn=0875521304 | year=1985}}
*{{cite book| last=Buttrick |first=George | title=The Interpreter's Bible vol. 12 |publisher=Abingdon Press |location=Nashville, TN |asin=B000HTP248 | year=1957}}
*{{cite book |title=Collins English Dictionary - Complete &amp; Unabridged 10th Edition  |date=2009 | publisher=Harper Collins |location=New York, NY}}
*{{cite book| last=Dummelow |first=J.R. | title=Commentary on the Whole Bible |publisher=Macmillian Publishing Co. |location=New York, NY | year=1936}}
*{{cite book| last=Gaebelein |first=Frank | title=The Expositors Bible Commentary vol. 1 |publisher=Zondervan |location=Grand Rapids, MI |isbn=0310364302 | year=1979}}
*{{cite book| last=Gauding |first=Madonna | title=The Signs and Symbols Bible |publisher=Sterling Publishing Co. |location=New York, NY |isbn=1402770049| year=2009}}
*{{cite book| last=Jamieson |first=Fausset | title=Commentary on the Whole Bible  |publisher=Zondervan |location=Grand Rapids, MI| asin=B004BCQP8O | year=1971}}
*{{cite book| last=Keck |first=Leander | title=New Interpreter's Bible vol. 9 |publisher=Abingdon Press |location=Nashville, TN |isbn=0687278228 | year=2002}}
*{{cite book| title=Life Application Bible - New International Version |publisher=Tyndale House Publishers, Inc. |location=Wheaton, IL | lccn=90-71553| year=1991}}
*{{cite book| last=Towns |first=Elmer | title=Liberty Bible Commentary |publisher=Thomas Nelson Inc |location=Nashville, TN |isbn=0840752954 | year=1983}}
*{{cite book| last=Wall |first=Robert | title=The New Interpreter's Bible vol. 10 |publisher=Abingdon Press |location=Nashville, TN |isbn=0687278236 | year=2002}}
*{{cite book| last=Whalen |first=John | title=New Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 11 |publisher=Catholic University of America |location=Washington D.C. | lccn=66-22292 | year=1967}}

{{refend}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.dailyscript.com/scripts/ghost_ship_info.txt/ Daily Script_Ghost Ship]
* [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0288477/ Internet Movie Database_Ghost Ship 2002]
* [http://ghostshipmovie.warnerbros.com/production_notes.html?page=2/ Ghost Ship official movie page_production notes]
* [http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/ghost_ship/ Rotten Tomatoes movie review_Ghost Ship]
[[Category:Analysis]]
[[Category:Film]]</text>
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      <text bytes="210" sha1="s3ysnx9pdi2lj5zfh79e17bwwo8ykm6" xml:space="preserve">&lt;span style=&quot;color:#CC0000; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;You are about to delete this resource.&lt;/span&gt; By continuing with [[Wikiversity:Deletion policy|deletion]], you agree to accept responsibility for any consequences.</text>
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&lt;!-- Categories and interwikis go at the bottom of this page. --&gt;
This template indicates that a page may qualify for speedy deletion and adds it to [[:Category:Candidates for speedy deletion]] for review by custodians. You should be familiar with the [[Wikiversity:Deletion policy|deletion policy]] before using this template on any pages.

== Usage ==
{{tlx|delete}}

Parameters:

* {{para|soon|&lt;anything&gt;}} to add a &quot;soon&quot; qualifier to the message.
* {{para|reason|&lt;why&gt;}} to explain why this page fits the criteria for speedy deletion. 

== See also ==
* {{tlx|deletion request}}
* {{tlx|proposed deletion}}

&lt;includeonly&gt;
&lt;!-- Categories and interwikis go here: --&gt;
[[Category:Deletion templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]
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    <title>Wikiversity:Curatorship</title>
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[[File:Wikiversity Curator.svg|right|130px|link=]]
'''Curators''' are part of [[Wikiversity]]'s [[Wikiversity:Support staff|support staff]]. They can [[#Deletion of pages|delete]] pages, use [[Wikiversity:Rollback|rollback]], [[Wikiversity:Import|import]] from other wikis, and [[#Edit and move protection of pages|protect]] and unprotect pages.

== How does one become a curator? ==
{{shortcut|WV:CUR/HOW}}
Any [[Wikiversity:Who are Wikiversity participants?|Wikiversity participant]] willing to do a lot of [[#What can curators do?|dull and boring work]] for the community can become a curator. If you have a good editing record, then you are likely to be trusted and granted the privileges and responsibilities of curatorship. If you are still interested in being a curator, here is the process:

{| style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse&quot; border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;4&quot;
 | style=&quot;padding: 10px; text-align: center&quot; | I
 |
&lt;div id=&quot;Request&quot;&gt;
;Request
&lt;/div&gt;
You must request or be nominated for curatorship at [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Curatorship]]. State your reasons for seeking this position and in what areas you are or would like to be active. You may also refer to your contributions and indicate whether you have similar responsibilities at other projects.
 |-
 | style=&quot;padding: 10px; text-align: center&quot; | II
 |
&lt;div id=&quot;Mentorship&quot;&gt;
;Mentorship
&lt;/div&gt;
[[Wikiversity:List of custodian mentors|Custodian mentors]] are expected to guide and advise you on the appropriate use of curator privileges in accordance with established policy and community consensus. If any experienced custodian agrees to mentor you and you agree to their mentorship, then you will be approved as a curator. If you have any questions or concerns, you should contact your mentor(s) for guidance and advice. If you or your mentor terminate the mentorship agreement, you will have 48 hours to find a new mentor. Otherwise, your mentor may remove curator privileges after 48 hours without any further notice or community discussion.
|}

== What can curators do? ==
{{shortcut|WV:CUR/WHAT}}
=== Deletion of pages ===
{{see also|Wikiversity:Deletion policy}}
[[File:Delete and Protect buttons.png|200px|right]] {{shortcut|WV:CUR/D}}
Curators can delete pages including images, categories, templates, and so on. Deletion is subject to [[Wikiversity:Policies|policy]]. Deletion requests may be submitted by any user at [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]].

Deleting a page does not actually remove it from the database. It merely becomes invisible to non-custodians and can be restored at request via [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]]. Page deletions and restorations can be monitored by viewing the [[Special:Log/delete|deletion log]]. Curators may delete pages, but they do not have undelete rights.

Before deleting a page, you are encouraged to read: [[Wikiversity:Welcome templates]].

=== Edit and move protection of pages ===
{{See also|Wikiversity:Page protection}}
Curators can [[Wikiversity:Page protection|protect pages]] to prevent editing. There are two types of page protection: semi-protection, which prevents anonymous and new users from editing, and full protection, which prevents all non-custodians and non-curators from editing. A page can also be protected to prevent moving. Page protection can be lifted by any custodian or curator upon request at [[Wikiversity:Request custodian action]]. Page protections and unprotections can be monitored by viewing the [[Special:Log/protect|protection log]].

=== Rollback ===
{{see also|Wikiversity:Rollback}}
[[Image:Rollback button.png|thumb|300px|Rollback button]]
Curators have a ''[[Wikiversity:Rollback|rollback tool]]'' to revert the last change or group of changes made to a page by the same user. There is no option to provide an edit summary when using this tool. Instead, a summary such as &quot;{{int:Revertpage}}&quot; will be used automatically. This tool is primarily used to respond to obvious vandalism. For other edit reversions, the rollback button should not be used and a good edit summary should be provided.

=== Import ===
{{see also|Wikiversity:Import}}
Curators have access to the [[Special:Import|import tool]], to bring in materials from projects such as Wikipedia, Wikibooks, Beta Wikiversity, Wikiquote, and Wikisource.

== What can't curators do? ==
Curators cannot [[Wikiversity:Blocking policy|block users]] or assign user rights, as these actions require [[Wikiversity:Custodianship|custodian]] and [[Wikiversity:Bureaucratship|bureaucrat]] permissions, respectively. Removal of custodian and bureaucrat permissions can only be done by [[m:Steward requests/Permissions|stewards]] at Meta-Wiki.

== How are curators expected to act? ==
{{shortcut|WV:CUR/E}}
Curators are supposed to follow the same principles as every other user, including [[Wikiversity:Civility|being civil]], [[Wikiversity:Assume Good Faith|assuming good faith]], and understanding [[Wikiversity:What is Wikiversity?|what Wikiversity is]]. They are expected to act professionally, and to respect policy and [[Wikiversity:Consensus|community consensus]].

==Problems with curators==
{{shortcut|WV:CUR/P}}
If you have a question about an action (page deletion, page protection, violation of Wikiversity policy or some other action that does serious damage to the project) by a Wikiversity curator, the first thing to do is leave a message on that curator's user discussion page. Curators should always be able to explain how their actions support the Wikiversity project. If you did not get a satisfactory answer after a discussion with the curator, follow up with their mentor. Actions of a curator are ultimately the responsibility of their mentor(s). Any custodian may remove a curator's rights, but first try to resolve all curator problems by discussion. Post a request at [[Wikiversity:Request custodian action]] if discussion does not successfully resolve the issue.

== Inactivity ==
The maximum period of curator inactivity without [[Wikiversity:Community Review|community review]] is two years, consistent with the [[:meta:Category:Global policies|global policy]] at [[meta:Admin activity review|Admin activity review]] that applies for [[Wikiversity:Custodianship#Notes|Custodians]] and [[Wikiversity:Bureaucratship|Bureaucrats]]. Where a curator has been inactive for this period, notice should be placed on their talk page using {{tl|Inactive curator}}). If no response in received after one month, a Custodian may remove the rights.

== Notes ==
{{shortcut|WV:CUR/N}}
* Curatorship is a responsibility, not a right. While everyone is encouraged to apply for curatorship, the position is not suited for everyone. Please also note that in all instances not listed above, curators have no more power or weight than other users. &quot;Curatorship is not a big deal.&quot;
* Curators should set their &quot;user preferences&quot; so as to provide for email contacts from other Wikiversity participants. If you do not use email, then you must make yourself easily available by some other means such as [[Wikiversity:Chat|IRC chat]].

== Useful reads for curators ==
===Wikiversity===
* [[Wikiversity:No shrines for vandals]]
* [[Wikiversity:Policies]]
* [[How to be a Wikimedia sysop/Wikiversity]]

===MediaWiki/Wikimedia===
* [[How to be a Wikimedia sysop]]
* [[b:MediaWiki Administrator's Handbook|MediaWiki Administrator's Handbook]]

==See also==
* [[Special:ListUsers/curator|List of current Wikiversity curators]]
* [[Wikiversity:Bureaucratship]]
* [[Wikiversity:Custodianship]]
* [[Wikiversity:Support staff|Wikiversity:Staff]]


[[Category:Wikiversity administration]]
[[Category:Wikiversity curatorship]]
[[Category:Wikiversity user roles]]</text>
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&lt;p style=&quot;margin:0&quot;&gt;The following [[Wikimedia]] sister projects provide more on this subject:&lt;/p&gt;
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Books&lt;br&gt;
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Media&lt;br&gt;
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Quotations&lt;br&gt;
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{{#ifeq:{{{s}}}|no||
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'''[[Wikivoyage:{{{voy|Special:Search/{{{page|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}}|Wikivoyage]]'''&amp;nbsp;&lt;br&gt;
Travel guides&lt;br&gt;
[[File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg|25x25px|center|link={{fullurl:Wikivoyage:{{{voy|Special:Search/{{{page|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}}}}|alt=]]
&lt;/div&gt;
}}
{{#ifeq:{{{wikt}}}|no||
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'''[[Wiktionary:{{{wikt|Special:Search/{{{page|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}}|Wiktionary]]'''&amp;nbsp;&lt;br&gt;
Definitions&lt;br&gt;
[[File:Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg|25x25px|center|link={{fullurl:Wiktionary:{{{wikt|Special:Search/{{{page|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}}}}|alt=]]
&lt;/div&gt;
}}
{{#ifeq:{{{data}}}|no||
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'''[[Wikidata:{{{data|Special:Search/{{{page|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}}|Wikidata]]'''&amp;nbsp;&lt;br&gt;
Database&lt;br&gt;
[[File:Wikidata-logo.svg|x25px|center|link={{fullurl:Wikidata:{{{data|Special:Search/{{{page|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}}}}|alt=]]
&lt;/div&gt;
}}
&lt;/div&gt;
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{{Documentation}}
&lt;!-- PLEASE ADD THIS TEMPLATE'S CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --&gt;
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      <comment>/* IMHA Research Archives and its subpages */ Please indicate delete, keep, or move</comment>
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      <text bytes="72760" sha1="20taid7mda95o6fvv3nt09wxg70rqbn" xml:space="preserve">{{Robelbox|theme=9|title=Welcome!|width=100%}}
&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
'''Hello and [[Wikiversity:Welcome|Welcome]] to [[Wikiversity:What is Wikiversity|Wikiversity]] Saltrabook!''' You can [[Wikiversity:Contact|contact us]] with [[Wikiversity:Questions|questions]] at the [[Wikiversity:Colloquium|colloquium]] or [[User talk:Dave Braunschweig|me personally]] when you need [[Help:Contents|help]]. Please remember to [[Wikiversity:Signature|sign and date]] your finished comments when [[Wikiversity:Who are Wikiversity participants?|participating]] in [[Wikiversity:Talk page|discussions]]. The signature icon [[File:Insert-signature.png]] above the edit window makes it simple. All users are expected to abide by our [[Wikiversity:Privacy policy|Privacy]], [[Wikiversity:Civility|Civility]], and the [[Foundation:Terms of Use|Terms of Use]] policies while at Wikiversity.
MUCHAS GRcias--IMHAR 13:30, 23 May 2019 (UTC)
To [[Wikiversity:Introduction|get started]], you may
&lt;!-- The Left column --&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;width:50.0%; float:left&quot;&gt;
* [[Help:guides|Take a guided tour]] and learn [[Help:Editing|to edit]].
* Visit a (kind of) [[Wikiversity:Random|random project]].
* [[Wikiversity:Browse|Browse]] Wikiversity, or visit a portal corresponding to your educational level: [[Portal: Pre-school Education|pre-school]], [[Portal: Primary Education|primary]], [[Portal:Secondary Education|secondary]], [[Portal:Tertiary Education|tertiary]], [[Portal:Non-formal Education|non-formal education]].
* Find out about [[Wikiversity:Research|research]] activities on Wikiversity.
* [[Wikiversity:Introduction explore|Explore]] Wikiversity with the links to your left.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- The Right column --&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;width:50.0%; float:left&quot;&gt;
* Read an [[Wikiversity:Wikiversity teachers|introduction for teachers]] and find out [[Help:How to write an educational resource|how to write an educational resource]] for Wikiversity.
* Give [[Wikiversity:Feedback|feedback]] about your initial observations
* Discuss Wikiversity issues or ask questions at the [[Wikiversity:Colloquium|colloquium]].
* [[Wikiversity:Chat|Chat]] with other Wikiversitans on [irc://irc.freenode.net/wikiversity-en &lt;kbd&gt;#wikiversity-en&lt;/kbd&gt;].
* Follow Wikiversity on [[twitter]] (http://twitter.com/Wikiversity) and [[identi.ca]] (http://identi.ca/group/wikiversity).
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br clear=&quot;both&quot;/&gt;

You do not need to be an educator to edit. You only need to [[Wikiversity:Be bold|be bold]] to contribute and to experiment with the [[wikiversity:sandbox|sandbox]] or [[special:mypage|your userpage]]. See you around Wikiversity! --[[User:Dave Braunschweig|Dave Braunschweig]] ([[User talk:Dave Braunschweig|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dave Braunschweig|contribs]]) 03:52, 12 February 2016 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
{{Robelbox/close}}

== Bold links ==

When creating bold links, please use &lt;nowiki&gt;'''[[title]]'''&lt;/nowiki&gt; rather than &lt;nowiki&gt;[['''title''']]&lt;/nowiki&gt;. I've corrected the page and link to [[Research Protocol/'''Red Nacional Investigacion Salud Trabajo''']]. Let me know if you have any questions. -- [[User:Dave Braunschweig|Dave Braunschweig]] ([[User talk:Dave Braunschweig|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dave Braunschweig|contribs]]) 20:17, 15 March 2016 (UTC)

== Missing License Information ==

Thank you for uploading files to Wikiversity. See [[Wikiversity:Media]] for copyright and license requirements for Wikiversity files. All files must have copyright and/or license information added to the file.

Instructions for adding copyright and/or license information are available at [[Wikiversity:License tags]]. Files must be updated within seven days or they may be removed without further notice.

The following files are missing copyright and/or license information:


[[User:MaintenanceBot|MaintenanceBot]] ([[User talk:MaintenanceBot|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MaintenanceBot|contribs]]) 20:24, 15 March 2016 (UTC)

== Learning from research ==

Hi! I noticed you recently created four pages on learning from research. What learning project are these pages associated with? -- [[User:Dave Braunschweig|Dave Braunschweig]] ([[User talk:Dave Braunschweig|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dave Braunschweig|contribs]]) 13:38, 17 October 2016 (UTC)
Hi Dave, than you for your question. These are part of the Wikiversity: International Maritime Health - Research the objective to establish better and more maritime health research and knowledge to the benfit of seafarers globally--IMHAR 14:01, 17 October 2016 (UTC)

:If you accidentally create a page you don't intend to use, you can add {{tlx|Delete|Author request}} at the top of the page and someone will clean it up for you. Thanks! -- [[User:Dave Braunschweig|Dave Braunschweig]] ([[User talk:Dave Braunschweig|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dave Braunschweig|contribs]]) 17:57, 17 October 2016 (UTC) 

::Thank you very much, Dave, I will have a look and see if this was wrong, it was not created accidentally, but to save space I will reorganise the things, I thank you again --IMHAR 18:10, 17 October 2016 (UTC)

:::There were four separate pages created by themselves, not part of the IMHA learning project. See [[Special:DeletedContributions/Saltrabook]] for the titles. Nothing linked to them. If they should be restored, please let me know where they belong. Thanks! -- [[User:Dave Braunschweig|Dave Braunschweig]] ([[User talk:Dave Braunschweig|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dave Braunschweig|contribs]]) 19:43, 17 October 2016 (UTC)
Thanks David, ok, now i will follow the instructions and delete the files not in use any longer--IMHAR 09:42, 18 October 2016 (UTC)

== Share your experience and feedback as a Wikimedian in this global survey ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
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===References===
{{reflist}}

== Module Book for Occupational Medicine at the University of Panamá ==

Hi Saltrabook!

Your resource [[Module Book for Occupational Medicine at the University of Panamá]] appears well-developed and ready for learners! Would you like to have it announced on our Main Page News? --[[User:Marshallsumter|Marshallsumter]] ([[User talk:Marshallsumter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Marshallsumter|contribs]]) 16:45, 11 June 2017 (UTC)

Hi Marshallsumter,
Yes Im grateful to your proposal
thank you very much,
 --IMHAR 10:07, 12 June 2017 (UTC)

== Revista Panameňa de Salud Publica, Ocupacional y Ambiental ==

Since this is the English Wikiversity, we need main pages to be in English. Subpages might be in another language to help users learn that language, or to provide multiple languages for a given resource. But if your content is primarily Spanish and for a Spanish audience, perhaps [[es:|Wikiversidad]] would be a better place for this resource. Let me know if you have any questions. -- [[User:Dave Braunschweig|Dave Braunschweig]] ([[User talk:Dave Braunschweig|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dave Braunschweig|contribs]]) 21:25, 22 August 2017 (UTC)

:Thank you very much, can you help me to transfer the page or should I just move the content --IMHAR 21:34, 22 August 2017 (UTC)

::I don't have any direct way to move the content. We can import content, but not export, and there's no quick way I know of to move content between languages. You could try asking at [[es:|Wikiversidad]] and see if they have a way to import from en:Wikiversity. -- [[User:Dave Braunschweig|Dave Braunschweig]] ([[User talk:Dave Braunschweig|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dave Braunschweig|contribs]]) 21:41, 22 August 2017 (UTC)

I've moved these pages to your user space at [[User:Saltrabook/Revista Panameňa de Salud Publica, Ocupacional y Ambiental]]. [[es:|Wikiversidad]] would likely be be a better place for this content. -- [[User:Dave Braunschweig|Dave Braunschweig]] ([[User talk:Dave Braunschweig|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dave Braunschweig|contribs]]) 20:53, 17 March 2018 (UTC)

Hello, we have changed name of the revista, please delete the pages named Revista Panameňa de Salud Publica, Ocupacional y Ambiental 
Thank you very much
--IMHAR 16:25, 10 February 2019 (UTC)

:Hello, if you are the sole author of a mainspace page or if you would like a userpage deleted you can simply add '''&lt;nowiki&gt;{{delete|author request}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''. 
:Also, I note that you have created pages such as [[Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Panamá/Programa para la Residencia en Medicina del Trabajo y Ambiental 36 meses]] which contains content in English, but the title is not. As noted above this is the English Wikiversity and most page titles should be translated. Also the names of these pages are rather long. You might want to consider shorter titles and then define the contents in the introductory paragraph. --[[User:Mu301|mikeu]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:Mu301|talk]]&lt;/sup&gt; 22:52, 25 March 2019 (UTC)

== Education and Research in Occupational Medicine ==


Hi Saltrabook!

Your medicine resource [[Education and Research in Occupational Medicine]] appears to be ready for learners! Would you like to have it announced in our Main Page News? --[[User:Marshallsumter|Marshallsumter]] ([[User talk:Marshallsumter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Marshallsumter|contribs]]) 21:19, 30 October 2017 (UTC)


Hi Marshallsumter,
at the moment I am still adding important paragraphs and editing the text so please let’s wait, 
BR
Saltrabook

== IMHA-Research self-rated health risk factors at sea - multicenter project ==

Hi Saltrabook!

Your resource [[IMHA-Research self-rated health risk factors at sea - multicenter project]] appears well-developed and ready for learners! Would you like to have it announced on our Main Page News? --[[User:Marshallsumter|Marshallsumter]] ([[User talk:Marshallsumter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Marshallsumter|contribs]]) 23:50, 26 February 2018 (UTC)


Hi Marshallsumter
Thanks that would be fine
Thanks
--IMHAR 21:34, 17 March 2018 (UTC)

Hi Marshallsumter,
We have moved these pages to other sites, please delete the pages with IMHA research , thank you very much
--IMHAR 16:23, 10 February 2019 (UTC)

== Preventive Health Science ==

This resource and subpages need to be translated to English to remain here at the English Wikiversity. It seems your audience is primarily Spanish-speaking. Have you considered creating this content at es.wikiversity and just redirecting to that from here? -- [[User:Dave Braunschweig|Dave Braunschweig]] ([[User talk:Dave Braunschweig|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dave Braunschweig|contribs]]) 13:58, 28 March 2018 (UTC)

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== OHS International Networking ==
Hi Marshallsumter, Thanks a lot for the inspiration, YES please announce it on the Main Page News
Thank you very much
--IMHAR 13:12, 17 October 2018 (UTC)
Hi Saltrabook!

Your resource [[OHS International Networking]] appears to be well-developed and ready for learners and participants! Would you like to have it announced on our Main Page News? --[[User:Marshallsumter|Marshallsumter]] ([[User talk:Marshallsumter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Marshallsumter|contribs]]) 12:04, 17 September 2018 (UTC)

thank you so much, yes this would be great --IMHAR 01:25, 26 September 2018 (UTC)

== Occupational Epidemiology ==

Hi Saltrabook!

Your medical resource [[Occupational Epidemiology]] appears to be well-developed and ready for learners! Would you like to have it announced on our Main Page News? --[[User:Marshallsumter|Marshallsumter]] ([[User talk:Marshallsumter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Marshallsumter|contribs]]) 03:01, 18 January 2019 (UTC)

Hi, M 
yes sure thank you very much for your great great help, please announce it on the main pages
--IMHAR 03:10, 18 January 2019 (UTC)

== Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Panamá ==

Hi Saltrabook!

Your resource [[Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Panamá]] appears well-developed and ready for learners! Would you like to have it announced on our Main Page News? --[[User:Marshallsumter|Marshallsumter]] ([[User talk:Marshallsumter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Marshallsumter|contribs]]) 14:53, 26 February 2019 (UTC)

Hi, Marshallsumter, yes please announce it on our Main Page News, thats great, 
thank you very much
--[[Special:Contributions/190.218.214.124|190.218.214.124]] ([[User talk:190.218.214.124|discuss]]) 14:56, 26 February 2019 (UTC)

== Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Panamá ==
As noted above under Revista Panameňa de Salud Publica, Ocupacional y Ambiental, this is the English Wikiversity. Titles and content need to be in English. Based on your usage, it would appear that [[:es:Portada|Wikiversidad]] would be a better place for your resources.

In the mean time, the pages of this project have been moved to your user space at [[User:Saltrabook/Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Panamá]]. Let me know if you have any questions. -- [[User:Dave Braunschweig|Dave Braunschweig]] ([[User talk:Dave Braunschweig|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dave Braunschweig|contribs]]) 13:31, 26 July 2019 (UTC)

== Occupational Health Risk Surveillance ==

Hi Saltrabook!

Your resource [[Occupational Health Risk Surveillance]] appears to be well-developed and ready for learners! Would you like to have it announced on our Main Page News? --[[User:Marshallsumter|Marshallsumter]] ([[User talk:Marshallsumter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Marshallsumter|contribs]]) 19:57, 20 August 2019 (UTC)
Thank you very much, Marshallsumter, this is excellent, please announce it on the Main Page News --[[User:Saltrabook|Saltrabook]] ([[User talk:Saltrabook|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Saltrabook|contribs]]) 13:02, 21 August 2019 (UTC)

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== Non-English Content ==

As mentioned above several times, this is the English Wikiversity. Content in other languages is hosted only for the purpose of English speakers learning that language. Your continued use of Wikiversity to host Spanish resources is not consistent with the Wikimedia structuring of wiki projects by language. 

All of the non-English pages in [[Special:PrefixIndex/User:Saltrabook/|your user space]] need to be moved to [[es:Wikiversidad]] or another hosting site. We are willing to give you time to move the pages, and also willing to use [[Wikiversity:Bots]] to help move the pages, if possible. But continued use of the English Wikiversity for non-English content must stop.
As page creation of non-English content has been increasing, your account is temporarily blocked from creating new pages. Please let us know what assistance you need in getting started with moving this content to Wikiversidad or another hosting site. -- [[User:Dave Braunschweig|Dave Braunschweig]] ([[User talk:Dave Braunschweig|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dave Braunschweig|contribs]]) 04:39, 10 December 2019 (UTC)
:Going to respond here as it makes most sense, I noticed your requests at various locations also, just so you understand any request regarding blocks made here will be seen no need to do it everywhere. Anyway, a way forward. From my understanding you are wanting to develop pages for medical students in Latin America, I would ask on this though why do that on English Wikiversity? Personally I can see some sense in it but it has to be done the right way. I live in Brasil, so the language at home is Portuguese, I get the need for translations for Latin Americans, English is for better or worse the language of science these days, its not fair to non english speaking countries but it is what it is. Although the majority of countries in South America speak spanish they do not all speak spanish. Hence having pages in english made friendly to non english speakers, with a focus on Latin American languages would be helpful, but as {{ping|Dave Braunschweig}} has said they must be written in english first. If however your only going to focus on spanish, then you may be better off hosting this on the [[es:Wikiversidad]] as was suggested and provide english help there for this. But I think if you can do for example Spanish, Portuguese and French, ie covering all Latin America then basing it on the English Wikiversity with translation help for the Latin Americans could make sense. I think you need to think this through on exactly how you want to present it. Its a good idea, all Latin American scientists need english these days and for that I know from experience they need help. I am happy to advise on this idea, but we have to ensure this is the appropriate venue and that will depend on how you do it. Respond on your talk page with this, you can always use the &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ping}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; template to alert others if you need comments it is used this way as I did above to ping Dave &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ping|Dave Braunschweig}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, also make sure you make sections when adding text with &lt;nowiki&gt;==title==&lt;/nowiki&gt; when adding comments to talk pages. New comments should always go to the bottom of the page in general. Cheers [[User:Faendalimas|&lt;span style=&quot;color: #004730&quot;&gt;Scott Thomson&lt;/span&gt;]] (&lt;small class=&quot;nickname&quot;&gt;Faendalimas&lt;/small&gt;) &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:Faendalimas|&lt;span style=&quot;color: maroon&quot;&gt;talk&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 20:06, 25 December 2019 (UTC)

I agree to follow the rules, but cannot change much with a blocked account, so I need to be unblocked --[[User:Saltrabook|Saltrabook]] ([[User talk:Saltrabook|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Saltrabook|contribs]]) 00:49, 26 December 2019 (UTC) please inform when this is done, thanks

:The original proposal was to move the Spanish content to es:Wikiversidad. That could have been completed in a day. Your counter-proposal is to add English content for all existing Spanish content. What is the plan and timeline for accomplishing this? It's not just a matter of &quot;follow the rules&quot;. We need a plan for cleaning up before new content is created. Please describe the plan. Thanks! -- [[User:Dave Braunschweig|Dave Braunschweig]] ([[User talk:Dave Braunschweig|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dave Braunschweig|contribs]]) 03:31, 26 December 2019 (UTC)

Ok, my plan is to establish bilingual English/Spanish for two pages before Jan 10:  
1) Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Panamá --&gt; es:Wikiversidad : Departamento de las Ciencias de la Salud Ocupacional y Ambiental, Universidad de Panamá 
2) Ongoing Research Projects --  es:Wikiversidad: Proyectos de Investigación en Curso  
But I need help to establish the switch in the &quot;Languages&quot; , is that possible? 
Thanks --[[User:Saltrabook|Saltrabook]] ([[User talk:Saltrabook|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Saltrabook|contribs]]) 13:53, 26 December 2019 (UTC)

:Please clarify the approach. Are you going to use es:Wikiversidad for Spanish content, or are you going to use {{tlx|Translations}} for multilingual content on the English Wikiversity? If you want the Spanish pages moved to es:Wikiversidad, we can do that by bot and be done within a week. If you want to create local translations, we need English titles for all current Spanish pages so that the appropriate Translations structure can be created. -- [[User:Dave Braunschweig|Dave Braunschweig]] ([[User talk:Dave Braunschweig|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dave Braunschweig|contribs]]) 14:02, 26 December 2019 (UTC)

:To clarify the approach. Im going to use {{tlx|Translations}} for multilingual content on the English Wikiversity to Spanish Wikiversidad --[[User:Saltrabook|Saltrabook]] ([[User talk:Saltrabook|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Saltrabook|contribs]]) 16:06, 26 December 2019 (UTC)
English titles for all current Spanish pages: and vice versa 
1. The existing en.wikiversity  Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Panamá
https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/User:Saltrabook/Department_of_Occupational_and_Environmental_Health_Sciences,_University_of_Panam%C3%A1
should be possible to switch in multilengua to the (new) es.wikversity Departamento de las Ciencias de la Salud Ocupacional y Ambiental, Universidad de Panamá
2. The existing en.wikiversity https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/User:Saltrabook/Department_of_Occupational_and_Environmental_Health_Sciences,_University_of_Panam%C3%A1/ Ongoing Research Projects should be possible to switch in multilengua to : es.wikversity:   Proyectos_de_investigación

Translations in &quot;Proyectos de Investigación&quot; from Spanish to English titles: 
Investigaciones en progreso:
1 Análisis de los datos clínicos relacionados con el trabajo en diferentes especialidades
2 Análisis prospectivo de los datos clínicos relacionados con el trabajo
3 Análisis de los datos clínicos relacionados con el trabajo en medicina familiar CP
4 Epidemiología de los trastornos músculo-esqueléticos de origen ocupacional
5 Análisis de los datos clínicos relacionados con el trabajo en ULAPS de Vacamonte
6 Nivel de conocimiento sobre Salud ocupacional en pescadores de Puerto Vacamonte
7 Estudio epidemiológico de los riesgos profesionales en la pesca en Puerto Vacamonte
8 Un estudio de revisión de la relación entre la salud mental y las enfermedades
ACTAS DE REUNIONES

Research in progress:
1 Analysis of clinical data related to work in different specialties
2 Prospective analysis of work-related clinical data
3 Analysis of clinical data related to work in family medicine CP
4 Epidemiology of musculoskeletal disorders of occupational origin
5 Analysis of clinical data related to work at ULAPS in Vacamonte
6 Level of knowledge about Occupational Health in fishermen of Puerto Vacamonte
7 Epidemiological study of professional risks in fishing in Puerto Vacamonte
8 A review study of the relationship between mental health and other diseases
MINUTES OF MEETINGS

== Ramazzinni Center ==

You created three pages recently on the same subject. Which of the following is the correct page?
* [[Ramazzinni Center]]
* [[Ramazzini Center]]
* [[Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Panamá/Ramazzinni Center]]
[[User:Dave Braunschweig|Dave Braunschweig]] ([[User talk:Dave Braunschweig|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dave Braunschweig|contribs]]) 13:57, 26 March 2020 (UTC)
* [[Ramazzini Center]] is the right one, thanks very much --[[User:Saltrabook|Saltrabook]] ([[User talk:Saltrabook|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Saltrabook|contribs]]) 11:54, 12 June 2020 (UTC)

== Non-English Content Continued ==

As noted above for three years now, this is the English Wikiversity. Content here must be in English unless you are either teaching English learners another language or you are using {{tlx|translations}} and subpages to provide translations of English content. You agreed to use {{tlx|translations}} at [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk%3ASaltrabook&amp;type=revision&amp;diff=2111914&amp;oldid=2111910]. You confirmed your understanding of using subpages at [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Saltrabook/Ranns%C3%B3knir_og_menntun_%C3%A1_sj%C3%A1varheilsu-NET&amp;oldid=2204528]. Since then, you have created four non-English main pages here. What assistance do you need? Is there someone else in your organization we can work with to create a structure that you can follow? -- [[User:Dave Braunschweig|Dave Braunschweig]] ([[User talk:Dave Braunschweig|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dave Braunschweig|contribs]]) 14:54, 13 September 2020 (UTC)

:Please see [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Maritime_Health_Research_and_Education-NET&amp;type=revision&amp;diff=2207097&amp;oldid=2207082], [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Maritime_Health_Research_and_Education-NET/tl&amp;curid=267931&amp;diff=2207109&amp;oldid=2207107], etc. This is the only way you can have translation pages at Wikiversity. Any other approach will be deleted. I appreciate you using Wikiversity to share information, but the usage has to be without causing disruption and constant maintenance efforts for others. -- [[User:Dave Braunschweig|Dave Braunschweig]] ([[User talk:Dave Braunschweig|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dave Braunschweig|contribs]]) 02:55, 17 September 2020 (UTC)

== Occupational Health Research Methodology ==

Wikiversity is not a degree (or certificate)-granting institution and content may not be promoted as such. This resource has been moved to [[Occupational Health Research Methodology]] and the certificate content removed. -- [[User:Dave Braunschweig|Dave Braunschweig]] ([[User talk:Dave Braunschweig|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dave Braunschweig|contribs]]) 02:03, 9 October 2020 (UTC)

Thank you, agree,

== You have been given the Wikiversitian Award! ==

[[File: Wikiversity-logo.svg|thumb|left|124px]] May I present the Wikiversitian Award to this editor due to the fact that they have been an exceedingly outstanding contributor here. Believing they are an editor who has a huge level of competence, I decided to present this award to them for making Wikiversity the community it is meant to be. I wish this editor good luck with all their future endeavors.

[[Category:Award templates]] --[[User:IamTheAstronomer|IamTheAstronomer]] [[User talk:IamTheAstronomer|Talk]] 17:29, 2 April 2021 (UTC)

:Thank you very much [[User:Saltrabook|Saltrabook]] ([[User talk:Saltrabook|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Saltrabook|contribs]]) 13:31, 5 March 2024 (UTC)

Thank you, I'm really honored and grateful to be here, thanks to all wonderful contributors in the marvelous Wiki-world. Saltrabook

You are believably welcome. But when you add your name or initials, type four tildes (~) and then your username, talk page and the date will be visible when your message is published. Regards, --[[User:IamTheAstronomer|IamTheAstronomer]] [[User talk:IamTheAstronomer|Talk]] 21:51, 3 April 2021 (UTC)

You might like to [[WV:RfA|request for custodianship]] because I can see that you’ve been here for about 4 years. You might want to read our [[Wikiversity:Custodianship|custodianship policy]] before you do. --[[User:IamTheAstronomer|IamTheAstronomer]] [[User talk:IamTheAstronomer|Talk]] 21:58, 3 April 2021 (UTC)

== Society for Health Research Education  has been moved ==

I moved it to your userspace.  It looked like a good page, but we can't have blanked pages in mainspace. By all means, leave a message at [[User talk:Guy vandegrift]] if you want it moved back.--[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 05:55, 27 December 2022 (UTC)

{{Robelbox|theme=8|title=Removal of a project from mainspace|width=100%}}
To {{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}:

The project '''[[Society for Health Research Education]]''' has been moved to '''[[User:Saltrabook/Society for Health Research Education]]'''  
 

Yours truly, --[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 05:48, 27 December 2022 (UTC)

{{Robelbox/close}}

:Thank you very much [[User:Saltrabook|Saltrabook]] ([[User talk:Saltrabook|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Saltrabook|contribs]]) 07:28, 10 January 2023 (UTC)
:Thank you, good [[User:Saltrabook|Saltrabook]] ([[User talk:Saltrabook|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Saltrabook|contribs]]) 17:04, 17 January 2023 (UTC)
:Thank you very much [[User:Saltrabook|Saltrabook]] ([[User talk:Saltrabook|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Saltrabook|contribs]]) 20:34, 25 February 2024 (UTC)

== [[Spanish version]] may need renaming ==

Hello, please consider renaming this page, it is too vague, the title is not specific. You may want to read [[Wikiversity:Naming conventions]] to know more about our guidelines. Thank you for your attention. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 00:14, 28 November 2023 (UTC)

== Your recent page moves are reverted due to ambiguity ==

Hello, I have seen your page moves removing prefixes and making the title ambiguate. The standard practice on Wikiversity is for projects to be organized hierarchically. Your page moves were beyond this practice, and the new titles had no specifity. Therefore, I reverted your page moves, and the contents are now available at [[The Maritime Diabetes-2 &amp; Hypertension Intervention study/Invitation to participate]] and [[The Maritime Diabetes-2 &amp; Hypertension Intervention study/Contents of the 16 weeks coaching]]. In future, please avoid page moves like these. Thank you for reading this message. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 07:51, 13 December 2023 (UTC)
== Files Missing Information ==
Thanks for uploading files to Wikiversity. All files must have source and license information to stay at Wikiversity. The following files are missing {{tlx|Information}} and/or [[Wikiversity:License tags]], and will be deleted if the missing information is not added. See [[Wikiversity:Uploading files]] for more information.
{{colbegin|3}}
* [[:File:Ficha 202306 E-8-105150.pdf]]
{{colend}}
[[User:MaintenanceBot|MaintenanceBot]] ([[User talk:MaintenanceBot|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MaintenanceBot|contribs]]) 15:41, 19 December 2023 (UTC)

== Organizing your contributions ==
Hi! I am a custodian on Wikipedia and have noticed you articles. They are outside my field of expertise, but they look well-written.  But it would help if some of the titles were changed.  '''Is it correct to say that all of your articles involve maritime health?'''  Although Wikiversity does not officially allow people to &quot;own&quot; a top page in namespace, it is likely that you will be able to unofficially &quot;own&quot; [[Maritime health]], and all its subpages, i.e., [[Maritime health/X]], where X can be any name you choose.

Once we have a name, I can help you move your pages.  I move lots of pages and do it almost effortlessly. Your truly. [[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 20:25, 12 February 2024 (UTC)
: ({{ping|Guy vandegrift}} Corrections) &quot;Custodian on Wikipedia&quot; -&gt; &quot;Custodian on Wikiversity&quot;. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 06:58, 25 February 2024 (UTC)
: (Examples of your creations needing renaming) [[DRAFT ARTICLE]] (not specific and full caps), [[CONTENTS OF THE 16 WEEKS COACHING]] (needs more specificity and full caps). Full caps is shouting, you need to avoid this. Please see [[Wikiversity_talk:Naming_conventions#Full_capitalization]] for related discussions. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 07:01, 25 February 2024 (UTC)
::{{ping|Saltrabook}} '''Please respond!''' (and I am a Custodian on Wikiversity not Wikipedia.) [[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 14:20, 25 February 2024 (UTC)
::&lt;small&gt;Yes, [[DRAFT ARTICLE]] and [[CONTENTS OF THE 16 WEEKS COACHING]] has suspect titles, to say the least. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 14:22, 25 February 2024 (UTC)&lt;/small&gt;
:::Thank you very much Dan Polansky. I overlooked the Wikiversity pages for the research '''aimed to early identification of pre-diabetes and early prevention''' under The &quot;Maritime_Health Research and Education-Net and found that there is a clear organisation under &quot;The International Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension Research Group&quot; including:
:::# The European style Research protocol draft
:::# The Pan-American-Health Organisation (PAHO) special demands for a research protocol 
:::# A draft article for the international community of Diabetes Mellitus prevention
:::# The draft 16 Weeks coaching program in development
:::I would be greatful if you can advice a better organisation 
:::With respect and gratefulness.
:::Thank you very much [[User:Saltrabook|Saltrabook]] ([[User talk:Saltrabook|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Saltrabook|contribs]]) 20:32, 25 February 2024 (UTC)
:::: Before we move further, would you be willing to add Babel information to your user page? There is {{tlx|Babel}} for that; example: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Babel|fr|en-3}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;; and there is also new builtin for that, e.g. &lt;nowiki&gt;{{#babel: de|en-3}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; This would help signal whether the reader should take additional care and effort to try to interpret your postings. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 10:27, 26 February 2024 (UTC)
:::::thank you, this is fine, the overall title for the whole thing, is (not only maritime) but &quot;Pre-diabetes diagnosis and remission&quot; [[User:Saltrabook|Saltrabook]] ([[User talk:Saltrabook|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Saltrabook|contribs]]) 13:48, 26 February 2024 (UTC)
::::::I will create a list of your pages on [[Pre-diabetes diagnosis and remission]].  When I am finished, please look at it and tell me if I have missed any pages. [[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 15:37, 27 February 2024 (UTC)
:::::::[[I also had to block you from making more pages.  Are you using a translating app to copy these pages from a articles in a different language? [[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 15:56, 27 February 2024 (UTC)
::::::::no i use the translation possibility in Wikiversity [[User:Saltrabook|Saltrabook]] ([[User talk:Saltrabook|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Saltrabook|contribs]]) 21:39, 4 March 2024 (UTC)
:::::::thank you, looking forward to see your results - we write in English, but international and need to translate to Spanish [[User:Saltrabook|Saltrabook]] ([[User talk:Saltrabook|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Saltrabook|contribs]]) 19:32, 27 February 2024 (UTC)
:::::::Thank you very much [[User:Saltrabook|Saltrabook]] ([[User talk:Saltrabook|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Saltrabook|contribs]]) 19:32, 27 February 2024 (UTC)
:::::::Thank you Guy, yes, please create a list of the mentioned files under the main title: Pre-diabetes diagnosis and remission, is exactly what it is about, hope to help people with early diagnosis and intervention in the stage of prediabetes, not to wait till T2D has been developed. [[User:Saltrabook|Saltrabook]] ([[User talk:Saltrabook|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Saltrabook|contribs]]) 21:51, 4 March 2024 (UTC)


==Babel==
Would you be interested in adding {{tlx|Babel}} to your user page? It is not mandatory but is useful. Alternatively, you could use a builtin function. I use this: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{#babel: cs|en-3|de-2|sk-1|ru-1}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 11:44, 3 March 2024 (UTC)

:Thank you Dan Polansky, we are mainly French, English and Spanish, and i would like to add Babel, that seems to be very useful, thanks a lot [[User:Saltrabook|Saltrabook]] ([[User talk:Saltrabook|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Saltrabook|contribs]]) 21:47, 4 March 2024 (UTC)
:: I can add Babel markup to your user page if you wish, but you would need to tell me at least your mother tongue and your English level. For that, I need to know ''your'' information, not the information of your group (above, you say &quot;we&quot;). Disclaimer: I know of no obligation for you to disclose this information. In [[User talk:Guy vandegrift#Dear Prof. Guy_Vandegrift]], you identified yourself as &quot;Dr. Olaf Jensen, prof. emer. University of Southern Denmark&quot; and you gave your email, so my guess is that your native tongue is Danish. Given this information, here would be your Wikidata item: [[Wikidata:Q40766475|Olaf C. Jensen]]. If you want to keep this information private, I will remove this post and you may ask an administrator/custodian to hide the edits in this post and also in [[User talk:Guy vandegrift#Dear Prof. Guy Vandegrift]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 07:51, 6 March 2024 (UTC)
:::Dan Polansky, please add Babel, thank you [[User:Saltrabook|Saltrabook]] ([[User talk:Saltrabook|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Saltrabook|contribs]]) 21:32, 6 March 2024 (UTC)
:::: It seems the following [[Special:Diff/2610787]] was intended to be posted here:
:::: &quot;correct, Danish mother language, med dr. specialist dr. in occupational medicine and 32 years in maritime pub.health occupational medical research in the University Southern Denmark, latest 18 year mainly living in Panama working with Spanish speaking people. I started the Occupational Medical Wikibook, now finished, 10 years ago to fill out the lack of occupational medicine textbook in Panama. Would be grateful if I could have access to the blocked pages on &quot;Prediabetes remission&quot; then i would locate them all in the new space, have no personal things to hide, my name is not to hide. Thank you for all your help&quot;.
:::: I will add Babel later. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 19:48, 10 March 2024 (UTC)

==Do multiple people use Saltrabook account in Wikiversity?==
This question seems to lack clarity. Would you care to clarify? --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 11:49, 3 March 2024 (UTC)

:Never,  i am the only one in our group (MAHRE-Net) who use the Wikiversity and Wikipedia. The others in our group are not writers, but mainly clinical doctors with interest in research and education. [[User:Saltrabook|Saltrabook]] ([[User talk:Saltrabook|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Saltrabook|contribs]]) 21:44, 4 March 2024 (UTC)

== We have two problems with your pages ==

=====First problem=====
*You have too many pages. See '''[[User:Saltrabook]]'''
=====Second problem=====
*Many of your pages are almost empty:
#[[User:Saltrabook/Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Panamá/Proyectos de investigación/Relación entre el padecimiento del paciente y sus factores de riesgos ocupacionales/Reuniones en el proyecto]]
#[[User:Saltrabook/Occupational Epidemiology/Research tools/Ongoing projects/Mental Health in Seafaring/Minutes from meetings]]
#[[User:Saltrabook/Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Panamá/Programa para la formación de homologación 18 meses/Project meetings 18 meses]]
#[[User:Saltrabook/Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Panamá/Proyectos de investigación/Un caso-clinico con un paciente medico laboral/Reuniones del proyecto de investigación]]
#[[User:Saltrabook/Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Panamá/Proyectos de investigación/Un estudio de revisión de la relación entre la salud mental y las enfermedades/Reuniones en el proyecto]]
#[[User:Saltrabook/Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Panamá/Programa para la formación de homologación 18 meses/Otra formacion obligatoria/Toxicology and hygiene risk assessment and prevention - open here]]
#[[User:Saltrabook/Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Panamá/Programa para la Residencia en Medicina del Trabajo y Ambiental 36 meses/Certificación de finalización de la educación.]]
#[[User:Saltrabook/Maritime Health Research and Education-NET/Students Research Projects/Students thesis supervision/Introduction on how to create new scientific knowledge/Zoom meetings]]

=====Third problem=====
*It looks like you already started a book at [[Wikibooks:Occupational Medicine Textbook-Wiki]]

--If you could put all your work on one long page, that might be OK.[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 04:11, 5 March 2024 (UTC)
: I do not see how a single editor having created too many pages should be a problem per se, as long as they contribute within the scope of Wikiversity, do not violate copyright, etc.; is there a policy I have overlooked? I created 179 pages in Wikiversity[https://xtools.wmcloud.org/pages/en.wikiversity.org/Dan_Polansky] and I hope they are not going to be deleted or moved as &quot;too many&quot;.
: For reference:
:* Saltrabook created over 790 pages that are now in Wikiversity mainspace per https://xtools.wmcloud.org/pages/en.wikiversity.org/Saltrabook, of which 252 were deleted.
:* Saltrabook created over 309 pages that are now in Wikiversity userspace per https://xtools.wmcloud.org/pages/en.wikiversity.org/Saltrabook/2.
: Sure enough, some of the pages created by Saltrabook raise questions. For one thing, it is not clear why anyone would create pages named like [[INVITATIONS TO SEAFARERS AND THE MARITIME MEDICAL CLINICS]]. And those that are nearly empty should probably be deleted or the purpose explained. But even so, one should perhaps be hesitant before one starts moving pages to user space (especially when not nearly empty), and ideally use a common process such as [[WV:Requests for deletion]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 07:47, 6 March 2024 (UTC)

== A place for your pages ==

Your project is now at '''[[User:Saltrabook]]'''

At the moment you have four blank pages. I will be happy to change the pagename when they are full.  Try to have longer pages because too many pages on one project disrupts Wikiversity.--[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 17:47, 9 March 2024 (UTC)
{{colbegin}}
#[[User:Saltrabook/empty page-1]]
#[[User:Saltrabook/empty page-2]]
#[[User:Saltrabook/empty-page 3]]
#[[User:Saltrabook/empty-page 4]]
#[[User:Saltrabook/empty-page 5]]
#[[User:Saltrabook/sandbox]]
{{colend}}
*After you fill these pages, you may request a pagename change at '''[[User talk:Saltrabook/Pagename requests]]'''
[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 17:47, 9 March 2024 (UTC)

:Thank you, i will start with one: Prediabetes remission by coach supported lifestyle intervention [[User:Saltrabook|Saltrabook]] ([[User talk:Saltrabook|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Saltrabook|contribs]]) 17:42, 15 March 2024 (UTC)

{{ping|Saltrabook}} Is this what you are looking for?
*[[Maritime Health Research and Education-NET]]
*[[Maritime Health Research and Education-NET/Organisation]]
*[[Maritime Health Research and Education-NET/The International Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension Research Group/Learning from Interventions in non-maritime workplaces]]

You have to understand that you are creating pages at a rate that no human could write.  You have to be using a translation software, or copying from  material already published.  You have completely overwhelmed our wiki! Using Google, I searched the internet and found something I put in your empty page #5:

*''See [[User:Saltrabook/empty-page 5]]''

--[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 02:01, 18 March 2024 (UTC)

:No, these pages are in use:
:@Saltrabook: Is this what you are looking for?
:Maritime Health Research and Education-NET
:Maritime Health Research and Education-NET/Organisation
:Maritime Health Research and Education-NET/The International Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension Research Group/Learning from Interventions in non-maritime workplaces [[User:Saltrabook|Saltrabook]] ([[User talk:Saltrabook|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Saltrabook|contribs]]) 19:28, 18 March 2024 (UTC)

== Remove your dl-author templates ==

DO NOT ADD {{tl|db-author}} TEMPLATES TO YOUR PAGES. They are DELETION requests!!!! [[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 21:00, 18 March 2024 (UTC)

:i know, these pages are not in use, and should be deleted no to take space as i was asked to reduce [[User:Saltrabook|Saltrabook]] ([[User talk:Saltrabook|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Saltrabook|contribs]]) 23:52, 18 March 2024 (UTC)
: Please see [[:w:Wikipedia:Talk_page_guidelines#shouting]]. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 01:04, 19 March 2024 (UTC)
::Sorry, I wasn't really shouting at the user.  I was afraid his pages would get deleted and I would have to undelete them.  I was shouting because we needed to act fast, not in anger.  But I did break the rules.[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 01:48, 19 March 2024 (UTC)
:::{{ping|Saltrabook}} I will unblock you, now that we are in communication.  But my plan was to let you overwrite those pages and I would change the names for you.  After I unblock you and take a break for an hour or so, we can coordinate how we will do this.[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 01:51, 19 March 2024 (UTC)
:::: Can you explain why you are giving a complete unblock instead of restoring previous block settings? [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 01:56, 19 March 2024 (UTC)--Short answer: Because I had trouble restoring, so instead I completely unblocked and then partially blocked.  See next section.[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 02:16, 19 March 2024 (UTC)

==You are unblocked from editing and changing the names of pages==
{{ping|Saltrabook}} Your pagecount is at the limit of what we can process. I don't know how you can write pages so quickly, and I am not qualified to judge the merit of your pages.  I also am not the sole judge of where your pages can be located on Wikiversity (or whether they can be allowed at all.)  My guess is that they are OK as subpages of [[User:Saltrabook]], and also that this is the only place where they can be.  But the number of pages you create need to be controlled, at least for now. ... I believe you can now change the names of your pages.  If not, let us know and we can fix that. If you want a panel of judges to decide whether to move your pages to what we call namespace, let me know.--[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 02:16, 19 March 2024 (UTC)

:Thank you very much for your time, great help, advice and patience. I think you help lots of people globally. Wikiversity and Wikipedia and the Wikimedia Commons is of great help for my teaching pub-health research methods and for preparing several (n=5 since 2021) international papers . Now a new, and comprehensive paper on the methods for &quot;Remission of pre-diabetes&quot; also as first author, is in review in an international publication. I have to be better to &quot;clean-up&quot; of texts that are not in use any longer, thanks for the advice for that also. [[User:Saltrabook|Saltrabook]] ([[User talk:Saltrabook|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Saltrabook|contribs]]) 15:11, 19 March 2024 (UTC)

{{ping|MathXplore}} (1) Can you verify that Saltrabook is now able to move pages? (2) what do you think of my plan to let Saltrabook work freely in userspace with the condition that no more pages are created? -- I'm sort of improvising here--[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 02:16, 19 March 2024 (UTC)
: Generally, prohibiting page creations and allowing page moves are not compatibile. This is because page moves will lead to redirect creations (without supress-redirect). As long as the user is not allowed to make pages, they will have to ask others to move pages. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 03:00, 19 March 2024 (UTC)
: (Endorsement of current block settings) I have no compelling objections to the plan. Therefore, I have nothing to do with it, and I have no plan to change them after CFC closure. As general reminder to everyone, any custodian (or maybe global sysops or stewards) who is going to change account settings should provide a reasonable explanation and may want to discuss with the community before any action. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 03:05, 19 March 2024 (UTC)
::Where would I post the &quot;reasonable explanation&quot;? Is filling out the edit-description section at the bottom sufficient?--[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 03:50, 19 March 2024 (UTC)
::agree, [[User:Saltrabook|Saltrabook]] ([[User talk:Saltrabook|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Saltrabook|contribs]]) 15:16, 19 March 2024 (UTC)

==Here is your new page==
*[[User:Saltrabook/Prediabetes Remission-Net]] 
--[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 21:00, 3 April 2024 (UTC)

:Thank you very very much, excellent [[User:Saltrabook|Saltrabook]] ([[User talk:Saltrabook|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Saltrabook|contribs]]) 00:40, 4 April 2024 (UTC)

== IMHA Research Archives and its subpages ==
Page [[IMHA Research Archives]] was deleted in 2019 with the rationale &quot;author's request&quot;. It seems you could have been the author. The page has fairly many subpages, currently listed at [[IMHA Research Archives]]. For some of the subpages, you are the author. For other subpages, [[User:IMHAR]] is the author.

For ease of reference, current logs of [[IMHA Research Archives]]:
&lt;pre&gt;
05:58, 11 October 2024 Dan Polansky discuss contribs created page IMHA Research Archives (create subpages list, as long as subpages exist; if the author (who?) wants to have the page and all the subpages deleted, that would be another matter, but the subpages were not deleted yet)
17:16, 10 February 2019 Marshallsumter discuss contribs deleted page IMHA Research Archives (content was: &quot;{{Delete|Author request}} Thanks! -&quot;) (thank)
22:45, 30 March 2017 Saltrabook discuss contribs deleted redirect IMHA Research Archives by overwriting (Borrada para permitir el traslado de &quot;IMHA Research Database&quot;) (thank)
22:44, 30 March 2017 Saltrabook discuss contribs moved page IMHA Research Archives to IMHA Research Database (thank)
&lt;/pre&gt;

[[IMHA Research Database]], referenced in the logs, was deleted in 2019 and has no subpages.

Questions:
* Key: Could it be that you want to have the page and all the subpages deleted for some reason?
* Key: As an alternative to deletion (deletion does not preserve database space anyway), should I feel free to move the pages to your userspace, making them all start with &quot;User:Saltrabook/&quot;?
* Secondary: [[User:IMHAR]] created some of the subpages; was that someone who has worked with you as part of the same project?
* Secondary: [[User:Gladyseliza15]] created [[IMHA Research Archives/GlobalSeaHealth GSH]]; was that someone in your project?

--[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:50, 11 October 2024 (UTC)

{{ping|Saltrabook}} For the [[IMHA Research Archives]] and its sub-pages, please indicate your preference:
# Delete
# Keep
# Move to your user space: [[User:Saltrabook/IMHA Research Archives]]

-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 22:03, 17 May 2026 (UTC)

== [[Revision of the ILO Guidelines for medical examinations of seafarers Part I]] ==

Hi Saltrabook. [[Maritime Health Research and Education-NET/The International Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension Research Group/Revision of the ILO Guidelines for medical examinations of seafarers Part I]] was nominated for speedy deletion because it seems to be almost identical to [[Revision of the ILO Guidelines for medical examinations of seafarers Part I]], but I notice that there are certain sections on the latter page that aren't in the former (the &quot;[[Revision_of_the_ILO_Guidelines_for_medical_examinations_of_seafarers_Part_I#Seafarers|Seafarers]]&quot; section for example), so I've gone ahead and moved the lone page under your userspace so that you are able to handle it in any way you'd like to. Thanks! —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 15:54, 14 November 2024 (UTC)

:thank you very much [[User:Saltrabook|Saltrabook]] ([[User talk:Saltrabook|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Saltrabook|contribs]]) 17:23, 16 November 2024 (UTC)

== Nearly empty page to be deleted ==
I plan to delete the following page you created:
* [[Maritime Health Research and Education-NET/EDUCATION/Fisherman's school Faroe islands 2020/21 health questionnaire GHQ12 study/Zoom meetings]]
Its content is &quot;Oct 19 2020&quot; and that's it.

What was the purpose of the page? Do you mind me deleting the page? --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 08:31, 18 March 2025 (UTC)
: I deleted the page. It seems very unlikely that it will be missed. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 16:28, 2 September 2025 (UTC)
:Please delete it [[User:Saltrabook|Saltrabook]] ([[User talk:Saltrabook|discusión]] • [[Special:Contributions/Saltrabook|contribs.]]) 19:56, 21 October 2025 (UTC)

== Red Nacional Investigacion Salud Trabajo ==
I am looking at [[IMHA Research Archives/Research Projects/Research Protocol/Red Nacional Investigacion Salud Trabajo]], which you created (I moved the page there from [[Research Protocol/Red Nacional Investigacion Salud Trabajo]]). An English translation could perhaps be National Network for Research on Health Work (I used Gemini and tweaked the result).

It seems to indicate that &quot;Red Nacional Investigacion Salud Trabajo&quot; is &quot;a not-for-profit network of health researchers&quot;.

Some questions:
# Does that network exist outside of the English Wikiversity?
# Are there any web pages about that network outside of the English Wikiversity?
# Why should the page be a subpage of &quot;Research Protocol&quot;? Since, it is not related to the topic of research protocol?
# The page states 4 objectives of the putative network and that's it. It does not seem useful for anything. Do you object to me deleting the page or moving it to user space?
--[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 04:46, 2 October 2025 (UTC)

:Please delete [[User:Saltrabook|Saltrabook]] ([[User talk:Saltrabook|discusión]] • [[Special:Contributions/Saltrabook|contribs.]]) 19:55, 21 October 2025 (UTC)

Overcoming my hesitation, I went ahead and moved the page to [[User:Saltrabook/Red Nacional Investigacion Salud Trabajo]]. It can be moved back upon your request if you explain what you need the page for. The page was created in 2016 and the last edit before mine were from 2016 as well. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:11, 2 October 2025 (UTC)

:Please correct it [[User:Saltrabook|Saltrabook]] ([[User talk:Saltrabook|discusión]] • [[Special:Contributions/Saltrabook|contribs.]]) 17:57, 20 October 2025 (UTC)
:: What do you mean by &quot;correct it&quot;? What am I supposed to do? Delete something? Move something? --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 07:11, 3 November 2025 (UTC)
:: You can tag any file intended for deletion using {{tl|Delete}} template: that is for speedy deletion. Alternatively, you can indicate here which file should be deleted. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 09:05, 9 November 2025 (UTC)

== Rannsóknir og menntun á sjávarheilsu-NET ==
Who is the author of [[User:Saltrabook/Rannsóknir og menntun á sjávarheilsu-NET]]? Are you (Olaf Jensen?) the author of the text in the page, which is apparently in Icelandic? --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:13, 2 October 2025 (UTC)

:Im not the author od an Icelandic text. [[User:Saltrabook|Saltrabook]] ([[User talk:Saltrabook|discusión]] • [[Special:Contributions/Saltrabook|contribs.]]) 17:56, 20 October 2025 (UTC)
::Please delete it [[User:Saltrabook|Saltrabook]] ([[User talk:Saltrabook|discusión]] • [[Special:Contributions/Saltrabook|contribs.]]) 19:57, 21 October 2025 (UTC)
::: I deleted the Icelandic text. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 07:14, 3 November 2025 (UTC)

== Possible copyright violation ==
I now found this: [[Commons: Commons:Deletion_requests/Files_uploaded_by_Saltrabook]]. There it says 'imagevios again, false &quot;own source&quot; claims'. And I see fairly many of your images on Commons have been deleted, as per your user talk page there.

This suggests an inquiry into to what extent some of the text you have been entering into Wikiversity could be copyright violation as well. Quick Google web search does not suggests as much. I don't know how else to check.

One red flag is that you used this account (Saltrabook) to enter Icelandic page (above) of which, unless you speak Icelandic, you could not have been the author. (You could have employed a translator of text of which you are the author. I am not clear how this is to be handled.) --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:26, 2 October 2025 (UTC)

:Please take it away [[User:Saltrabook|Saltrabook]] ([[User talk:Saltrabook|discusión]] • [[Special:Contributions/Saltrabook|contribs.]]) 19:58, 21 October 2025 (UTC)
:: As a follow-up on the above &quot;Im not the author od an Icelandic text. Saltrabook (discusión • contribs.) 17:56, 20 October 2025 (UTC) [...] Please delete it Saltrabook (discusión • contribs.) 19:57, 21 October 2025 (UTC)&quot;:

:: As for the pages that you have uploaded/inserted into the English Wikiversity over the years: for which of them you ''are not'' the author and the author ''has not'' released the content under a license compatible with CC-BY-SA/Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike? I propose you provide as complete a list as possible so that I can discharge/meet my curator duties and ensure no copyright violation takes place in the English Wikiversity, to the best of our knowledge. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 07:09, 3 November 2025 (UTC)

== Babel 2 ==
You told us that you are a native Danish speaker. What other languages do you speak and approximately at what level? English? Spanish? Anything else? --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:54, 2 October 2025 (UTC)

:English and Spanish are my other languages, with levels as a professional writer. [[User:Saltrabook|Saltrabook]] ([[User talk:Saltrabook|discusión]] • [[Special:Contributions/Saltrabook|contribs.]]) 17:54, 20 October 2025 (UTC)

== RfD on IMHA Research Archives ==
FYI, I opened [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion#IMHA Research Archives]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 13:40, 9 November 2025 (UTC)

== Copyrighted definition ==
[[Maritime Medical Colloquia Programs]] contains a copyrighted definition of colloquium from M-W. My copyright understanding is that dictionary definitions in general often provide enough originality that they are protected by copyright. In any case, using someone's ideas without attribution is plagiarism, regardless of the copyright violation concern (although here it is perhaps implied that you are quoting the definition from somewhere, without stating from where). --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 14:00, 9 November 2025 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>20taid7mda95o6fvv3nt09wxg70rqbn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:Saltrabook</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
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      <comment>+ Danish mother language, med dr. specialist dr. in occupational medicine and 32 years in maritime pub.health occupational medical research in the University Southern Denmark, latest 18 year mainly living in Panama working with Spanish speaking people.</comment>
      <origin>2809952</origin>
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      <text bytes="827" sha1="qe3crst8t6blpoh37x5gtw0ddqqv018" xml:space="preserve">{{#babel: da}}

Admin note: the user of this account has identified himself as &quot;Dr. Olaf Jensen, prof. emer. University of Southern Denmark&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[[Special:Diff/2609725|this edit]]&lt;/ref&gt;; it could be [[Wikidata:Q40766475]]. Danish mother language, med dr. specialist dr. in occupational medicine and 32 years in maritime pub.health occupational medical research in the University Southern Denmark, latest 18 year mainly living in Panama working with Spanish speaking people.

'''Prediabetes diagnostics and remission'''

== Empty pages ==
{{colbegin}}
# [[User:Saltrabook/empty page-1]]
# [[User:Saltrabook/empty page-2]]
# [[User:Saltrabook/empty-page 3]]
# [[User:Saltrabook/empty-page 4]]
# [[User:Saltrabook/empty-page 5]]
# [[User:Saltrabook/sandbox]]
{{colend}}

== Subpages ==
{{Subpages/List}}

== References ==
{{Refs}}</text>
      <sha1>qe3crst8t6blpoh37x5gtw0ddqqv018</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Motivation and emotion/Evaluation/2011</title>
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      <text bytes="23332" sha1="4l4hajlqdz7zpiq3vmet72oevkzkiyc" xml:space="preserve">;Unit Satisfaction Survey results

Overall satisfaction was lower in 2012 (74%) than in 2010 (91%) and 2009 (81%), but was still above the Faculty target (72%).

The Unit Satisfaction Survey (USS) score was 84%, which is higher than than the Discipline (81%), Faculty (80%), and University average (79%) for Sem 2, 2011. This is similar to USS scores for the unit in 2010 (91%) and 2009 (84%).

USS factors % agreement Sem 2, 2011:
*USS: 84% | | |
*GTS: 74% | | |
*GSS: 77% | | |
*OSS: 74% | | |
*SES: 74% | | |

For more information about the UC Unit Satisfaction Survey results, see [https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/ccc?key=0AmN4zSp4hmN9dDhzTE40N0VzRjJJcGx6c1QtY2lycmc#gid=3]

;Open text comments

{| style=&quot;border-spacing:0;&quot;
! style=&quot;border-top:0.002cm solid #000000;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #000000;border-left:0.002cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;&quot;| Best aspects? 
! style=&quot;border:0.002cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;&quot;| Needs improving? 

|-
| style=&quot;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #000000;border-left:0.002cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;&quot;| Loved the continued feedback Dr James Neil gave in the book chapter assessment.
| style=&quot;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #000000;border-left:0.002cm solid #000000;border-right:0.002cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;&quot;| less weighting on book chapter, add an exam. 

|-
| style=&quot;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #000000;border-left:0.002cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;&quot;| liked the chapter quizzes at your own pace 
| style=&quot;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #000000;border-left:0.002cm solid #000000;border-right:0.002cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;&quot;| did not like at all the focus on wikiversity and multimedia/social media aspect... overly challenging to be learning the content as well as the medium. 

|-
| style=&quot;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #000000;border-left:0.002cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;&quot;| the book chapter assignment was challenging and a great assessment piece! i also love the constant quizzing throughout the unit rather than an end of sem exam. ifeel this tests our knowledge more accurately. 
| style=&quot;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #000000;border-left:0.002cm solid #000000;border-right:0.002cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;&quot;| even though i loved the book chapter assignment, weighting it at 55% does pack on the pressure... 

|-
| style=&quot;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #000000;border-left:0.002cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;&quot;| Learning how to put a multi-media presentation together and having an online interactive book
| style=&quot;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #000000;border-left:0.002cm solid #000000;border-right:0.002cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;&quot;| Fortnightly tutorials failed to help with learning. I think weekly would have been more appropriate. As the book chapter is the major assessment component piece, more focus on this aspect in the tutorials would have been helpful. 

|-
| style=&quot;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #000000;border-left:0.002cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;&quot;| Choosing our own topic and writing a chapter that was meaningful to us, using a new medium that extended our skills. Learning to use the Wiki, and writing in this way was more relevent to real life than an essay. Really engaging unit! 
| style=&quot;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #000000;border-left:0.002cm solid #000000;border-right:0.002cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;&quot;| Having the quizzes appear each week, to match each topic, as it did in the 2nd half of the unit.

|-
| style=&quot;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #000000;border-left:0.002cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;&quot;| James - you did a wonderful job. You have made the course very interesting and CHALLENGING (almost a little too challenging?) but we got there and I'm very proud of what I have achieved.
| style=&quot;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #000000;border-left:0.002cm solid #000000;border-right:0.002cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;&quot;| hmmmm Wikiversity is a unfriendly environment and a lot of time went into trying to deal with the complexities of the coding rather than the course - not sure how to improve this

|-
| style=&quot;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #000000;border-left:0.002cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;&quot;| The course convenor and tutor were very helpful and prompt in explaining concepts, how to format on Wiki and fix problems.
| style=&quot;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #000000;border-left:0.002cm solid #000000;border-right:0.002cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;&quot;| I spent FAR TOO MUCH time working on the formatting of my Wiki Page. By the end of the unit I felt that I had been doing a course in Web Design, rather than focussing on the topic at hand. The whole thing of 'interesting' but not a great learning experience in terms of 'Psychology' ie. main focus ended up being on formatting a Wiki page and preparing an online presentation. There were also too many Quizzes.

|-
| style=&quot;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #000000;border-left:0.002cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;&quot;| I think the best aspects of the unit was the content it was very good. This made the lectures and tutorials very interesting
| style=&quot;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #000000;border-left:0.002cm solid #000000;border-right:0.002cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;&quot;| I think it is too much to place the whole unit online and require all assessment to be so technological reliant. I think that there should be more traditional assessment. I personally was not the biggest fan of wikiversity and I feel it just added unnessecarry complication. Although I do understand james' motivations,I would prefer that the online component had 
less weighting.

|-
| style=&quot;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #000000;border-left:0.002cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;&quot;| The idea of having a Chapter book assignment for an assessment instead of another essay. I also loved the fact that we had ongoing quizzes and no final exam. I felt that I learnt more this way as it encouraged me to actually read the textbook.
| style=&quot;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #000000;border-left:0.002cm solid #000000;border-right:0.002cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;&quot;| I wasn't very impressed with the first half of the quizzes as at the beginning of the semester approx. 7 of the quizzes were opened a week from their expected completion date. This placed a lot of unnecessary stress. I do appreciate the fact that it was corrected before the second half of the quizzes commenced.

|-
| style=&quot;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #000000;border-left:0.002cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;&quot;| The time and effort put in to the subject as well as the feedback and responsiveness of the teaching staff.
| style=&quot;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #000000;border-left:0.002cm solid #000000;border-right:0.002cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;&quot;| If anything, have tutes at computer lab to help with wiki tasks.

|-
| style=&quot;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #000000;border-left:0.002cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;&quot;| The assessment in this class was the best of all psychology units. I loved the multimedia and the book chapter assignments. The quizzes were a great way to test our knowledge and I much preferred them to an exam. Much less stress.
| style=&quot;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #000000;border-left:0.002cm solid #000000;border-right:0.002cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;&quot;| It was unfortunate that the first half of the quizzes came out later than they were meant to. While I understand that things happen in life, I ended up having to do 4 of them in (country name) with no textbook. Not James' fault and I know it was improved by the second half of the quizzes. 
|-
| style=&quot;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #000000;border-left:0.002cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;&quot;| The subject itself is very stimulating and the text is among the most readable psychology texts. 
| style=&quot;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #000000;border-left:0.002cm solid #000000;border-right:0.002cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;&quot;| Lectures could be more engaging. It would be very useful if the unity could use a text that is backed up by on-line study resources. The Reeve text is excellent but thee is next to no study aid available. The Kalat text in Pysiological Psych. is a wonderful expample of a beautifully resourced text.

|-
| style=&quot;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #000000;border-left:0.002cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;&quot;| A great aspect was the ability to discuss in the tutorials, the different ideas that surrounded what we were doing. 
| style=&quot;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #000000;border-left:0.002cm solid #000000;border-right:0.002cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;&quot;| 1. No direct link between material in the lectures and any assessment (even the quizzes you just had to read the textbook), may benefit from a more seminar/workshop type class rather than a lecture and tutorial2. The video recording seemed pointless due to having already covered the work in the book chapter. Maybe try to get a video on a different topic, or get rid of this assessment item all together. It could be replaced with a book chapter plan, or an actual speech about the topic, before the completion of the book chapter

|-
| style=&quot;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #000000;border-left:0.002cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;&quot;| Teaching staff accessable
| style=&quot;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #000000;border-left:0.002cm solid #000000;border-right:0.002cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;&quot;| Less emphasis on IT/media production. At times I felt that I had mistakingly enrolled in either a communication or IT unit. Assessment comments should not be able to be read by anyone other than the student. I don't agree with posting my work to the world wide web (nor having to provide my personal details just to submit my work via the methods used in this unit). 10% of marks provided for social contribution is far too much.
|-
| style=&quot;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #000000;border-left:0.002cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;&quot;| everything about this unit was extremely well planned, the lecturer/tutor was extremely dedicated and knowledgeable and made every effort to provide constructive feedback and 
help was always available when needed. the lectures and turorials were both interesting, comprehensive and most importantly stimulating.
| style=&quot;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #000000;border-left:0.002cm solid #000000;border-right:0.002cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;&quot;| 

|-
| style=&quot;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #000000;border-left:0.002cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;&quot;| the assessment. it was great to finally do something that could benefit the larger community
| style=&quot;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #000000;border-left:0.002cm solid #000000;border-right:0.002cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;&quot;| maybe have a graded draft due in week 9. this will encourage students to stay on top of things. also, it'd be good if the quizzes were released each week rather than a huge amount at the end of the first half of semester.

|-
| style=&quot;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #000000;border-left:0.002cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;&quot;| An enjoyable, well organised, engaging unit of the highest teaching standard.
| style=&quot;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #000000;border-left:0.002cm solid #000000;border-right:0.002cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;&quot;| Nothing

|-
| style=&quot;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #000000;border-left:0.002cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;&quot;| Dr James Neil put a lot of time and effort into the course which really made the course enjoyable and run really smooth. The tutorials were also very interactive and helped a lot
| style=&quot;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #000000;border-left:0.002cm solid #000000;border-right:0.002cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;&quot;| perhaps a further overview of what is exactly required for the main book chapter assignment (which i really enjoyed doing)

|-
| style=&quot;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #000000;border-left:0.002cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;&quot;| interesting tutorials
| style=&quot;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #000000;border-left:0.002cm solid #000000;border-right:0.002cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;&quot;| More smaller assessment items.

|-
| style=&quot;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #000000;border-left:0.002cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;&quot;| Interaction between students. The commitment, knowledge and engagement of Dr. Neill and (tutor name) was nothing short of excellent. Content was appropriate and interesting. 
| style=&quot;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #000000;border-left:0.002cm solid #000000;border-right:0.002cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;&quot;| N/A

|-
| style=&quot;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #000000;border-left:0.002cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;&quot;| The choice of research topic for the wiki (autonomy!). Learning how to wiki (competence!) Having a go at creating a multimedia presentation. Tutorials were generally stimulating and engaging. The text was generally easy to read and effective. Quiz release timing in the 2nd half of semester was most helpful. James is a great tutor - really communicating a passion for the subject, using plenty of hands on exercises like the TAT narrative, emotion sorts and heaps of instruments. Note that some of the exercises do require a fair level of trust among peers. Overall this is one of the best psych units I have done. I often recommend this unit to fellow students and mention the inventive assessment options to other teachers (and any friends I can corner about it for a few minutes). Notwithstanding the needs for improvement identified below, I have really enjoyed the course. I have also enjoyed opportunities for getting to know James and some of my fellow students much better.
| style=&quot;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #000000;border-left:0.002cm solid #000000;border-right:0.002cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;&quot;| Quiz timing in 1st half of term was unhelpful and contributed to workload stress. Having 80% of the assessment due at the end of semester was another contributor to workload stress (a little more for 1st half pls). Re assessment items - less instruction about the wiki marking criteria for assessment, too little for the multimedia. For the wiki, there were too many things to get right, many of which seemed in conflict - I ended up giving up and writing what would help me. It seemed like we were being asked to depart from essay but still do an essay. If you want students to do something genuinely experimental, some of the psych essay thinking has to go. With the multimedia - too little guidance. What is 'Novel, independent, creative presentation style'? &amp; how much of a mark is allocated for this? Is filming a Q&amp;A interview really novel? Is using animation? It's certainly different to standard powerpoint. (not saying I didn't enjoy many of the presentations). Is it all down to using a new method? There seemed to be quite a rigid concept of creativity being used - it's possible to be creative using 'traditional' methods, surely. Can't content be creative, not just the medium used? Is selecting just the right images and style for the presentation an exercise in creativity? Would the animations seem less creative if everyone used them? What if using other media didn't suit your topic? I suppose what I'm getting at is that creativity is a great thing to encourage but it's a tricky thing to evaluate fairly. It made me laugh (or otherwise respond strongly), engaged 
and kept my interest are usually how we judge. But they're also pretty subjective criteria. Not a complaint about my marks - which were fair. Just reflecting on the process &amp; what is creativity 
for me. Also, noticed some of the assessment comments didn't pick up on the implications of 
new media. Yes, credits may flash past briefly at the end but the joy of having a recording is 
that the watcher can pause it for as long as is necessary to get the required information. 
Different topic - the tutorial buddy system - great if you're extroverted or have a class where 
you already know heaps of other students. Excruciating if not. Even worse, if some students 
intentionally exclude someone. Had my say on the midterm feedback about that. Did notice 
James making an effort to seek out solo students when group activities assigned at lectures. It's a start.
|-
| style=&quot;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #000000;border-left:0.002cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;&quot;| James Neil is a terrific teacher once again. Working very hard to make the unit understandable and interesting, he made the entire unit a valuable and informative contribution to my time at UC.
| style=&quot;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #000000;border-left:0.002cm solid #000000;border-right:0.002cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;&quot;| Some quizzes were added late, but this did not prove to be a huge problem overall, as they were uploaded in pleanty of time anyway.

|-
| style=&quot;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #000000;border-left:0.002cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;&quot;| the lectures were informative.The tutorials were interactive and fun.James was creative, interesting and funny.
| style=&quot;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #000000;border-left:0.002cm solid #000000;border-right:0.002cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;&quot;| the assessment items. There was a wikiversity book chapter worth 55% that is a lot of weighting for one assignment. Definitely need more help with this assessment and the way to set it out as this is a psych subject not an IT subject and there was a heavy emphasis on computer and html skills that most of us wouldn't have. The same goes for the multimedia presentation this also had a heavy emphasis on computer skills which most of us had trouble with. Although this assessment is much better than an exam or essay as it's more interesting, creative and interactive more lectures need to be dedicated to this assessment so that a better understanding is made towards the layout and language of wiki and multimedia players/websites etc.

|-
| style=&quot;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #000000;border-left:0.002cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;&quot;| N/A
| style=&quot;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #000000;border-left:0.002cm solid #000000;border-right:0.002cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;&quot;| This unit should not be using Wiki's as major pieces of assesment. I spent more time trying to figure out how to use a wiki and upload a multimedia than i did researching and completing the content of my work.

|-
| style=&quot;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #000000;border-left:0.002cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;&quot;| 
| style=&quot;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #000000;border-left:0.002cm solid #000000;border-right:0.002cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;&quot;| The lecturer should not link EVERYTHING to 'wikiversity' because it should not be expected that all students are familiar with such a programme. The explanations overall about how to use it were not good enough either.

|-
| style=&quot;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #000000;border-left:0.002cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;&quot;| Assessment was fantastic and James is always very approachable. 
| style=&quot;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #000000;border-left:0.002cm solid #000000;border-right:0.002cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;&quot;| The lectures were a little boring, too much information on slides. 

|-
| style=&quot;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #000000;border-left:0.002cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;&quot;| Open forum on moodle was the best as it helped provide support to other students who were struggling with the techinal aspects
| style=&quot;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #000000;border-left:0.002cm solid #000000;border-right:0.002cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;&quot;| The set tasks need further explanation, it was a very specific assessment that was wholly surrounded on technolgy. Whilst I appreciate the skills I have acquired, it was frustrating to navigte through the process. More hours needed to be allocated to learning and prodcuing the assessment. 

|-
| style=&quot;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #000000;border-left:0.002cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;&quot;| Different type of assessment
| style=&quot;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.002cm solid #000000;border-left:0.002cm solid #000000;border-right:0.002cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;&quot;| less assessment due all at the end of semester - spread out more

|}

;Book chapter exercise
Wikiversity user [[User:Miz.mira|Miz.mira]] raised concerns about contributing his/her work to Wikiversity as part of the [[Motivation and emotion/Book|Motivation and emotion book]] learning and assessment exercise after completing the unit by blanking the [[Motivation and emotion/Book/Shopaholic]] page. This blanking of the page content was reverted by [[User:Jtneill]] (unit convener and Wikiversity custodian) on the grounds that it was a collaboratively-developed resource. Nomination for page deletion was suggested and used as a way to discuss possible deletion of the content with the Wikiversity community, as per the site's [[Wikiversity:Deletion policy|Deletion policy]].

The main issue raised in discussions has been about university student contribution of content under [[Wikiversity:Free license content|Creative Commons Share-alike and GFDL licensing]] as part of an assessment exercise towards a university degree.

Currently, the page deletion nomination is unresolved. 

Possible directions:
# In future, draw attention more explicitly to the licensing conditions for contributions to [[Wikiversity]] in the [[Motivation and emotion/About/Outline|unit outline]], including explanation that [[Wikipedia:Revocation of our licensing is not permitted|revocation of licensing it not permitted]]. See also [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Frequently_Asked_Questions#What_if_I_change_my_mind.3F Creative Commons FAQ: &quot;What if I change my mind?&quot;]
# In future, draw attention more explicitly to the collaborative nature of the book chapter exercise in the [[Motivation and emotion/About/Outline|unit outline]]
# In future, draw attention more explicitly to what actions should be taken by students if they do not wish to contribute content to Wikiversity in the [[Motivation and emotion/About/Outline|unit outline]]
# Discuss the issue of student assignment contributions at a [[meta:Wikipedia Education Program Metrics and Activities Meeting]]

{{CourseCat}}</text>
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    <title>Evidence-based assessment/ROC Party/Ready to ROC</title>
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This set of pages provides a practical introduction to Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analyses, including sample code and examples generated with multiple popular statistical programs.

== Example ROC Party page ==
*Example [[Evidence based assessment/ROC Party|ROC Party]] page

== ROC sample code ==
*Example [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Hgl06Oi5p1Yw0UsX7XTbEL4Cw6LnbX5mJ7l88ancdvw/edit ROC sample code] (includes R, SPSS, SAS)

== ROC Paper examples ==
The following papers are a selection that use ROC in their analyses, or illustrate application of DLRs to cases and decision-making, or both. This set either contributed to the teaching materials, or used code or data informed by the ROC teaching materials shared by the team. 

===In press===
*Cohen, J.R., Adams, Z.W., Menon, S.V., Youngstrom, E.A., Bunnell, B.E., Acierno, R., Ruggiero, K.J., &amp; Danielson, C.K. (2016). How should we screen for depression following a natural disaster? An ROC approach to post-disaster screening in adolescents and adults. ''Journal of Affective Disorders, 202'', 102-109. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.05.034 doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.05.034]
*Danielson, C.K., Cohen, J.R., Adams, Z.W., Youngstrom, E.A., Soltis, K., Amstadter, A.B., &amp; Ruggiero, K.J. (2017). Clinical decision making following disasters: Efficient identification of PTSD risk in adolescents. ''Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 45''(1), 117-129. [https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-016-0159-3 doi:10.1007/s10802-016-0159-3]
*Jarrett, M.A., Van Meter, A.R., Youngstrom, E.A., Hilton, D.C., &amp; Ollendick, T.H. (2018). Evidence-based assessment of ADHD in youth using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) approach. ''Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 47''(5), 808-820. [https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2016.1225502 doi:10.1080/15374416.2016.1225502]
*Jo, B., Findling, R.L., Hastie, T.J., Youngstrom, E.A., Wang, C.P., Arnold, L.E., Fristad, M.A., Frazier, T.W., Birmaher, B., Gill, M.K., &amp; Horwitz, S.M.C. (2018). Construction of longitudinal prediction targets using semisupervised learning. ''Statistical Methods in Medical Research, 27''(9), 2674-2693. [https://doi.org/10.1177/0962280216684163 doi:10.1177/0962280216684163]
*Langfus, J. A., Chen, Y. L., Janos, J. A., Youngstrom, J. K., Findling, R. L., &amp; Youngstrom, E. A. (2025). Psychometric Properties and Clinical Utility of CBCL and P-GBI Sleep Items in Children and Adolescents. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 54(3), 328–345. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2023.2272965 
*Mesman, E., Youngstrom, E.A., Juliana, N.K., Nolen, W.A., &amp; Hillegers, M.H.J. (2017). Validation of the Seven Up Seven Down Inventory in bipolar offspring: Screening and prediction of mood disorders. Findings from the Dutch Bipolar Offspring Study. ''Journal of Affective Disorders, 207'', 95-101. [[doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.09.024]]
*Ong, M.L., Youngstrom, E.A., **Chua, J.J.X., *Halverson, T.F., Horwitz, S.M., Storfer-Isser, A., Frazier, T.W., Fristad, M.A., Arnold, L.E., Phillips, M.L., Birmaher, B., Gill, M.K., Findling, R.L., &amp; The LAMS Group. (2017). Comparing the CASI-4R and the PGBI-10 M for differentiating bipolar spectrum disorders from other outpatient diagnoses in youth. ''Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 45''(3), 611-623. [https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-016-0182-4 doi:10.1007/s10802-016-0182-4]
*Pendergast, L. L., Youngstrom, E. A., Merkitch, K. G., Moore, K. A., Black, C. L., Abramson, L. Y., &amp; Alloy, L. B. (2014). Differentiating bipolar disorder from unipolar depression and ADHD: The utility of the General Behavior Inventory. Psychological Assessment, 26(1), 195–206. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035138 
*Raiker, J.S., *Freeman, A.J., *Algorta, G.P., Frazier, T.W., Findling, R.L., &amp; Youngstrom, E.A. (2017). Accuracy of Achenbach Scales in the screening of ADHD in a community mental health clinic. ''Journal of the American Academy of Child &amp; Adolescent Psychiatry, 56,'' 401-409. [[Doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2017.02.007|doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2017.02.007]]
*Ransom, D.M., Burns, A.R., Youngstrom, E.A., Vaughan, C.G., Sady, M.D., &amp; Gioia, G.A. (2016). Applying an evidence-based assessment model to identify students at risk for perceived academic problems following concussion. ''Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 22''(10), 1038-1049. [[doi:10.1017/S1355617716000916]]
*Salcedo, S., Chen, Y.-L., Youngstrom, E.A., Fristad, M.A., Gadow, K.D., Horwitz, S.M., Frazier, T.W., Arnold, L.E., Phillips, M.L., Birmaher, B., Kowatch, R.A., &amp; Findling, R.L. (2018). Diagnostic efficiency of the Child and Adolescent Symptom Inventory (CASI-4R) Depression Subscale for identifying youth mood disorders. ''Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 47''(5), 832-846. [https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2017.1280807 doi:10.1080/15374416.2017.1280807]
*Tsai, A. P., Smith, R. K., Gonzalez, M., Youngstrom, E. A., Daughters, S. B., Youngstrom, J. K., &amp; Findling, R. L. (2022). Diagnostic accuracy of Achenbach scales in detecting youths' substance use disorders. Psychological Assessment, 34(6), 570–582. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0001115  
*Tsai, A. P., Youngstrom, E. A., Gadow, K. D., Horwitz, S. M., Fristad, M. A., Daughters, S. B., Young, A. S., Arnold, L. E., Birmaher, B., Salcedo, S., The Lams, G., &amp; Findling, R. L. (2023). Diagnostic accuracy of the Child and Adolescent Symptom Inventory (CASI-4R) substance use subscale in detecting substance use disorders in youth. Psychological Assessment, 35(2), 178–187. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0001182 
*You, D.S., Youngstrom, E.A., Feeny, N.C., Youngstrom, J.K., &amp; Findling, R.L. (2017). Comparing the diagnostic accuracy of five instruments for detecting posttraumatic stress disorder in youth. ''Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 46''(4), 511-522. [https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2015.1030754 doi:10.1080/15374416.2015.1030754]
*Youngstrom, E. A., Van Meter, A., Frazier, T. W., Youngstrom, J. K., &amp; Findling, R. L. (2020). Developing and Validating Short Forms of the Parent General Behavior Inventory Mania and Depression Scales for Rating Youth Mood Symptoms. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 49(2), 162–177. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2018.1491006 
*Youngstrom, E. A., Perez Algorta, G., Youngstrom, J. K., Frazier, T. W., &amp; Findling, R. L. (2021). Evaluating and Validating GBI Mania and Depression Short Forms for Self-Report of Mood Symptoms. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 50(5), 579–595. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2020.1756301 

=== 2016 ===
*Algorta, G. P., Dodd, A. L., Stringaris, A., &amp; Youngstrom, E. A. (2016). Diagnostic efficiency of the SDQ for parents to identify ADHD in the UK: a ROC analysis. ''European child &amp; adolescent psychiatry'', ''25''(9), 949–957. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-015-0815-0&lt;/nowiki&gt;
*Youngstrom, E. A., &amp; Van Meter, A. (2016). Empirically supported assessment of children and adolescents. ''Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 23''(4), 327–347. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1037/h0101738&lt;/nowiki&gt;
*Frazier TW, Klingemier EW, Beukemann M, Speer L, Markowitz L, Parikh S, Wexberg S, Giuliano K, Schulte E, Delahunty C, Ahuja V, Eng C, Manos MJ, Hardan AY, Youngstrom EA, &amp; Strauss MS (2016). Development of an objective autism risk index using remote eye tracking. ''Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 55,'' 301-309.
*Jenkins, M.M., &amp; Youngstrom, E.A. (2016). A randomized controlled trial of cognitive debiasing improves assessment and treatment selection for pediatric bipolar disorder. ''Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 84,'' 323-333.
*Van Meter, A. R., You, D. S., *Halverson, T., Youngstrom, E. A., Birmaher, B., Fristad, M. A., Kowatch, R.A., Storfer-Isser, A., Horwitz, S.M., Frazier, T.W., Arnold, L.E., Findling, R.L., The LAMS Group. (2016). Diagnostic Efficiency of Caregiver Report on the SCARED for Identifying Youth Anxiety Disorders in Outpatient Settings. ''Journal of Clinical Child &amp; Adolescent Psychology,'' 1-15. doi:10.1080/15374416.2016.1188698

=== 2015 ===
*Youngstrom, E.A., Hameed, A., Mitchell, M., Van Meter, A.R., Freeman, A.J., Perez Algorta, G., White, A.M., Clayton, P., Gelenberg, A., &amp; Meyer, R.E. (2015). Direct comparison of the psychometric properties of multiple interview and patient-rated assessments of suicidal ideation and behavior in an adult psychiatric inpatient sample. ''Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 76,'' 1676-82. doi:10.4088/JCP.14m09353
*Youngstrom, E.A., &amp; De Los Reyes, A. (2015). Moving towards cost-effectiveness in using psychophysiological measures in clinical assessment: Validity, decision-making, and adding value. ''Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 44,'' 352-361. doi:10.1080/15374416.2014.913252
*Youngstrom, E.A., *Choukas-Bradley, S., *Calhoun, C.D., &amp; Jensen-Doss, A. (2015). Clinical guide to the evidence-based assessment approach to diagnosis and treatment. ''Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 22,'' 20-35. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2013.12.005 
*Lindhiem, O., Yu, L., Grasso, D.J., Kolko, D.J., &amp; Youngstrom, E.A. (2015). Adapting the Posterior Probability of Diagnosis (PPOD) index to enhance evidence-based screening: An application to ADHD in primary care. ''Assessment, 22,'' 198-207. doi: 10.1177/1073191114540748
*Prieto, M.L., Youngstrom, E.A., Ozerdem, A., Altinbas, K., Quiroz, D., Aydemir, O., Yalin, N., Geske, J.R., Feeder, S.E., Angst, J., &amp; Frye, M.A. (2015). Different patterns of manic/hypomanic symptoms in depression: A pilot modification of the Hypomania Checklist - 32 to assess mixed depression. ''Journal of Affective Disorders, 172,'' 355-360. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.09.047

=== 2014 ===
*Youngstrom, E.A. (2014). A primer on Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis and diagnostic efficiency statistics for pediatric psychology: We are ready to ROC. ''Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 39,'' 204-221. Special Issue: Quantitative Methodology (Guest Editors: Bryan Karaszia &amp; Kristoffer Berlin); doi: 10.1093/jpepsy/jst062 
*Frazier, T., Youngstrom, E.A., Fristad, M., Demeter, C., Birmaher, B., Kowatch, R., . . . Findling, R. (2014). Improving clinical prediction of bipolar spectrum disorders in youth. ''Journal of Clinical Medicine, 3,'' 218-232. doi: 10.3390/jcm3010218
*Lee, H.J., Joo, Y., Youngstrom, E.A., Yum, S.Y., Findling, R.L., &amp; Kim, H.W. (2014). Diagnostic validity and reliability of a Korean version of the Parent and Adolescent General Behavior Inventories. ''Comprehensive Psychiatry, 55,'' 1730-1737. doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.05.008
*Pendergast, L. L., Youngstrom, E. A., Merkitch, K. G., Moore, K. A., Black, C. L., Abramson, L. Y., &amp; Alloy, L. B. (2014). Differentiating bipolar disorder from unipolar depression and ADHD: the utility of the General Behavior Inventory. ''Psychological Assessment, 26,'' 195-206. doi: 10.1037/a0035138
*Van Meter, A. R., Youngstrom, E. A., Youngstrom, J. K., Ollendick, T., Demeter, C., &amp; Findling, R. L. (2014). Clinical decision-making about child and adolescent anxiety disorders using the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment. ''Journal of Clinical Child &amp; Adolescent Psychology.''

=== 2013 ===
*Youngstrom, E.A. (2013). Future directions in psychological assessment: Combining evidence based medicine innovations with psychology’s historical strengths to enhance utility. ''Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 42,'' 139-159. doi: 10.1080/15374416.2012.736358.
*Algorta, G.P., Youngstrom, E.A., Phelps, J., *Jenkins, M.M., Youngstrom, J.K., &amp; Findling, R.L. (2013). An inexpensive family index of risk for mood issues improves identification of pediatric bipolar disorder. ''Psychological Assessment, 25,'' 12-22. doi: 10.1037/a0029225

=== 2012 ===
*Freeman, A.J., Youngstrom, E.A., Demeter, C., Youngstrom, J.K., &amp; Findling, R.L. (2012). Portability of a screener for pediatric bipolar disorder to a diverse setting. ''Psychological Assessment, 24,'' 341-351. doi: 10.1037/a0025617 

*Jenkins, M.M., Youngstrom, E.A., Youngstrom, J.K., Feeny, N.C. &amp; Findling, R.L. (2012). Generalizability of evidence-based assessment recommendations for pediatric bipolar disorder. ''Psychological Assessment, 24,'' 269-281. doi: 10.1037/a0025775

=== 2011 ===
*Jenkins, M.M., Youngstrom, E.A., Washburn, J.J., &amp; Youngstrom, J.K. (2011). Evidence-based strategies improve assessment of pediatric bipolar disorder by community practitioners. ''Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 42,'' 121-129. doi: 10.1037/a0022506

=== 2010 ===
*Horwitz, S.M., Demeter, C., Pagano, M.E., Youngstrom, E.A., Fristad, M.A., Arnold, L.E., Birmaher, B., Gill, M.K., Axelson, D., Kowatch, R.A. &amp; Findling, R.L. (2010). Identification of a childhood bipolar phenotype-the Longitudinal Assessment of Symptoms of Mania Study: Background, design and initial screening. ''Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 71,'' 1511-1517. doi: 10.4088/JCP.09m05835yel2009
*Youngstrom, E.A., &amp; Kendall, P.C. (2009). Psychological science and bipolar disorder. ''Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 16,'' 93-97. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2850.2009.01149.x 
*Youngstrom, E.A., *Freeman, A.J., &amp; *Jenkins, M.M. (2009). The assessment of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents. ''Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 18,'' 353-390. doi: 10.1016/j.chc.2008.12.002
*Meyer, S. E., Carlson, G. A., Youngstrom, E., Ronsaville, D. S., Martinez, P. E., Gold, P. W., Hakak, R., &amp; Radke-Yarrow, M. (2009). Long-term outcomes of youth who manifested the CBCL-Pediatric Bipolar Disorder phenotype during childhood and/or adolescence. ''Journal of Affective Disorders, 113,'' 227-235. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2008.05.024

=== 2008 ===
*Youngstrom, E.A., *Frazier, T.W., Demeter, C., Calabrese, J.R., &amp; Findling, R.L. (2008). Developing a ten-item mania scale from the Parent General Behavior Inventory for children and adolescents. ''Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 69,'' 831-839. doi:10.4088/JCP.v69n0517 
*Youngstrom, E.A., *Greene, J., &amp; *Joseph, M. (2008). Comparing the psychometric properties of multiple teacher report instruments as predictors of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents. ''Journal of Clinical Psychology, 64,'' 382-401. doi: 10.1002/jclp.20462

*Henry, D., Pavuluri, M., Youngstrom, E.A., &amp; Birmaher, B. (2008). Accuracy of brief and full forms of a mania rating scale. ''Journal of Clinical Psychology, 64,'' 368-381. doi: 10.1002/jclp.20464
*Meyers, O.I., &amp; Youngstrom, E.A. (2008). A Parent General Behavior Inventory subscale to measure sleep disturbance in pediatric bipolar disorder. ''Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 69,'' 840-843. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.20009.07.020

=== 2007 ===
*Patel, N.C., Patrick, D.M., Youngstrom, E.A., Strakowski, S.M., &amp; DelBello, M.P. (2007). Response and remission in adolescent mania: Signal detection analyses of the Young Mania Rating Scale. ''Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 46,'' 628-635. doi: 10.1097/chi.0b013e3180335ae4 
=== 2006 ===
*Youngstrom, E.A., *Meyers, O.I., Youngstrom, J.K., Calabrese, J.R., &amp; Findling, R.L. (2006). Comparing the effects of sampling designs on the diagnostic accuracy of eight promising screening algorithms for pediatric bipolar disorder. ''Biological Psychiatry, 60,'' 1013-1019. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.06.023.

*Frazier, T.W., &amp; Youngstrom, E.A. (2006). Evidence based assessment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Using multiple sources of information. ''Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 45,'' 614-620. doi: 10.1097/01.chi.0000196597.09103.25

=== 2005 ===

*Youngstrom, E. A., *Meyers, O. I., Demeter, C., Kogos Youngstrom, J., Morello, L., Piiparinen, R., Feeny, N. C., Findling, R. L., &amp; Calabrese, J. R. (2005). Comparing diagnostic checklists for pediatric bipolar disorder in academic and community mental health settings. ''Bipolar Disorders, 7,'' 507-517. doi: j.1399-5618.2005.00269.x 

*Youngstrom, E. A., Findling, R. L., Youngstrom, J. K., &amp; Calabrese, J. R., (2005). Towards an evidence-based assessment of pediatric bipolar disorder. ''Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 34,'' 433-448. Special Issue: Evidence-Based Assessment. doi: 10.1207/s15374424jccp3403_4
*Youngstrom, E. A., &amp; *Duax, J. (2005). Evidence Based Assessment of Pediatric Bipolar Disorder, Part 1: Base Rate and Family History. ''Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 44,'' 712-717. doi: 10.1097/01.chi.0000162581.87710.bd

*Youngstrom, E. A., &amp; Kogos Youngstrom, J. (2005). Evidence Based Assessment of Pediatric Bipolar Disorder, Part 2: Incorporating Information from Behavior Checklists. ''Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 44''(8), 823-828. doi: 10.1097/01.chi.0000164589.10200.a4

=== 2004 ===
*Youngstrom, E. A., Findling, R. L., Calabrese, J. R., Gracious, B. L., Demeter, C., DelPorto Bedoya, D., &amp; *Price, M.E. (2004). Comparing the diagnostic accuracy of six potential screening instruments for bipolar disorder in youths aged 5 to 17 years. ''Journal of the American Academy of Child &amp; Adolescent Psychiatry, 43,'' 847-858. doi: 10.1097/01.chi.0000125091.35109.1e

=== 2003 ===
*Danielson, C. K., Youngstrom, E. A., Findling, R. L., &amp; Calabrese, J. R. (2003). Discriminative validity of the General Behavior Inventory using youth report. ''Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 31,'' 29-39. doi: 10.1023/A:1021717231272

=== 2002 ===
*Findling, R. L., Youngstrom, E. A., DelPorto, D., Papish-David, R., Townsend, L., *Danielson, C. K., &amp; Calabrese, J. R. (2002). Clinical decision-making using the General Behavior Inventory. ''Bipolar Disorders, 4,'' 34-42. doi: 10.1034/j.1399-5618.2002.40102.

=== 2001 ===
*Youngstrom, E.A., Findling, R.L., *Danielson, C.K., &amp; Calabrese, J.R. (2001). Discriminative validity of parent report of hypomanic and depressive symptoms on the General Behavior Inventory. ''Psychological Assessment, 13,'' 267-276. doi: 10.1037//1040-3590.13.2.267

[[Category:Evidence-based assessment]]</text>
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    <title>Maritime Health Research and Education-NET</title>
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      <text bytes="6569" sha1="kecqr6x4qboqa2anoqbirw515u1tl0b" xml:space="preserve">[[File:ChatGPT Image 24 abr 2026, 08 16 04 a.m.png|thumb|]]
= '''' The John Snow Research Institute -2026'''' =
Billions are at increased risk of developing metabolic syndromes with prediabetes, diabetes type 2, high blood pressure and overweight. All can lower their risks by staying physical active and eating well. For early identification of the risks we propose to register weight and height (Body Mass Index) and the fasting blood sugar in the '''Prevalence studies''' at the schools for seafarers, nurses, medical students and the kids schools.(not blood sugar).The 16-weeks '''intervention studies''' include learnings by short video sequences and self-monitoring of blood sugar with glucometer, and self-evaluation of diet and physical activity.[[File:Lifestyle Medicine Pillars.png|300px|right|The focus of Lifestyle Medicine is on these 6 pillars.]]
[[File:John Snow.jpg|thumb|left| John Snow in the early nineteenth century]]
[[File:Cholera in London 1866.gif|thumb|250px|Map of a later cholera outbreak in London, in 1866]] [[File:Choleramaplondon1866.png|thumb|right|250px|Legend for the map above]]

1. '&lt;nowiki/&gt;'''Prevalence studies''''

1.1 The-International-Maritime-Health-Database &lt;ref&gt;https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/z3cq5ciiev06y8v9duw7u/A-International-Maritime-Health-Database.docx?cloud_editor=word&amp;dl=0&amp;rlkey=pt0kdesvmagcxaa2wez3tmza3 &lt;/ref&gt;

1.2 Nursing Students Health Database &lt;ref&gt; https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/tcznmmd2y3nona5e3h1ro/The-Nursing-students-health-database.docx?cloud_editor=word&amp;dl=0&amp;rlkey=onbjh4o8ko1lzdvgyi8nlrotk &lt;/ref&gt;

1.3. Medical student's Health Database &lt;ref&gt;https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/f16h9b60u4gxgt56un2jf/The-Medical-students-Health-database.docx?cloud_editor=word&amp;dl=0&amp;rlkey=xyfqen5trdc5lniaovipl548n &lt;/ref&gt;

1.4. School childrens Health database &lt;ref&gt; https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/u6u50c8bxwhte9t2t6ck8/The-School-children-s-Health-database.docx?cloud_editor=word&amp;dl=0&amp;rlkey=zlyz5wn673wf7owettq3nx3h5 &lt;/ref&gt;

2. '''Intervention studies''' Englsh 
&lt;ref&gt;https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/oi6cx6tlwwvoko3ed37tn/Invitation-to-the-course-English.docx?cloud_editor=word&amp;dl=0&amp;rlkey=7kzg91tqfgjskxf5aji8khicx &lt;/ref&gt; Danish
&lt;ref&gt;https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/2qahc3q9hmf4skbvk77ab/Invitation-to-the-course-in-Danish.docx?cloud_editor=word&amp;dl=0&amp;rlkey=x63w8oqvarz284zg2btq2johv &lt;/ref&gt; Spanish &lt;ref&gt; https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/bn71inqeeth4o4mc1fjth/Invitation-to-the-course-Spanish.docx?cloud_editor=word&amp;dl=0&amp;rlkey=popmr1fnodh1v951v9l7k9ezv &lt;/ref&gt;

- General research protocol draft
&lt;ref&gt; https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/gau25oy5y1s57046icjt2/Research-protocol-draft.docx?cloud_editor=word&amp;dl=0&amp;rlkey=wat63e25ritmujwcpss8s4v0s &lt;/ref&gt;

- Health Promoting Schools &lt;ref&gt; https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/0rm7honrezbjwrcy3h3yk/Health-promoting-schools.docx?cloud_editor=word&amp;dl=0&amp;rlkey=673jyzcmwbfw7k9ui9nmtp0zh &lt;/ref&gt; 

- John Snow Institute bylaws &lt;ref&gt; https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/lccr7jtnga1u0x75117zn/John-Snow-revision-2-March-11.doc?cloud_editor=word&amp;dl=0&amp;rlkey=lz2gi7mslcoay5dzygg8h6n6r &lt;/ref&gt;

3. '''Publications and pptx''' 2016-2026 &lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Maritime_Health_Research_and_Education-NET/The_International_Type_2_Diabetes_Mellitus_and_Hypertension_Research_Group#The_John_Snow_Institute &lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt; https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/mw7ft423lkkpjoxywd2bf &lt;/ref&gt;

4. '''Strategies for research and implementation''' 
For early identification of the risks we propose to register weight and height (Body Mass Index) and the fasting blood sugar in the '''Prevalence studies''' at the schools for seafarers, nurses, medical students and the kids schools.(no FPG).
A practical strategy for prediabetes remission in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) must assume that laboratory capacity, workforce, and financing are constrained:
https://www.dropbox.com/t/jOgRZQWEEzMTNiBR     

'''5. Minutes from meetings''' &lt;ref&gt; https://www.dropbox.com/t/3ZfLGngkS3pSlAQ3 &lt;/ref&gt;

any funds to support remission of prediabetes in europe


'''Prediabetes-Remission Research Network:'''
&lt;small&gt;Prof. Ing. MSc. Nailet Delgado; Dr. Olaf Jensen, MD, MPH, PhD, o147248@gmail.com; MSc.Ph.D. Bishal Gyawali (SDU); MSc.PhD Vivi Just-Nørregaard; Dr. Johan Hviid Andersen MD, PhD. Prof Århus University; Prof. MSc. Agnes Flores, UMECIT, Panama; Dr. Maite, Vacamonte, Panama; Bruno Nørdam, Randers; Dr. Maite Duque, Venezuela; Dr. Indira Santos Panama; Med.Stud. Ashley Lezcano, Panama; Dr. Antonio Roberto Abaya MD Filippines; Dr. Jen Mendoza, MD, Filippines; Dr. Andra Ergle MD, Latvia; Prof. MSc. Ingrid Morató, Tarragona/Cadiz, Spain; MBA Christian Acheampong, Turkey; Dr. Alejandro Martinez, MPH, Costa Rica; Dr. Med. Sci Finn Gyntelberg; NFA.and Bispebj. Hosp. Denmark,&lt;/small&gt;

==References==
[[Category:Prediabetes ]]
&lt;references /&gt;Education 1: Research Methodology &lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Maritime_Health_Research_and_Education-NET/EDUCATION/Education_module_links&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;references /&gt;

= Online Meeting , May 11, 2026 =
For the continuity of the project: Reversing prediabetes is important.

Prediabetes – Remission in Small - and medium economy countries is the target.
Keeping eyes open for applications for lifestyle medicine, sporadic supplement metformin

Prepare documentation to apply for funding. Clearly define the project title, objectives, scope (countries, communities, ages), strategy (how to collect data, with what equipment, what variables), required materials, and required personnel.

Meeting with Lene Daugaard director SIMAC Svendborg to do a similar to Panama study.

Periodically search for organizations that could fund our project.

Apply for funding when the opportunity arises.

Obtain those funds.

In parallel, without interruption, continue data collection according to the current methodology with prevalence data, and a comparative study between countries can be conducted using this collected data.

Intervention study 16 weeks in one or two of the target populations.

Proposed budget for 5 years:  5 mill Dkr.

The first year can be to collect data from two other countries, Denmark and Turkey (Istanbul) compare with the data from Panama, UMIP including a short review study on similar data and an 16 week intervention study with the goal to produce a strategic model for prevalence and effectful intervention to be reported in 1-2 international  articles.

PLEASE ADD THE MISSING POINTS. 

Possible funding entities: 

Innovation Fund Denmark

EIFO

DANIDA

CROWDFOUNDING

European Commission programs.

SKOV website

Lundbeckfonden</text>
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    <title>Portal:Complex Systems Digital Campus/CS-DC 2020 elections, manifestos and results</title>
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      <comment>the edition was done by Paul Bourgine one day after the deadline because the special difficulties of Jeff Johnson to login last day !!</comment>
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----
----&lt;nowiki&gt;**&lt;/nowiki&gt;Please ''login'' in Wikiversity and then use the ''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'edit''' button: your edition mode will be 'WYSIWYG'. Each Candidature with its manifesto can take inspiration from those for previous years.  

''Decision of the 2025 General Assembly 27th April:''

''The 2026 elections are starting the 27th April, the date of the General Assembly:''

''(i) There will be an election for Vice-President starting the 27 April 2026.''

''(ii) To save time and effort - Instead of an election for 1/3 of the Executive Committee'' ''(EC) for 2025 we propose to keep the existing EC and invite members of the Council '''not on the EC''' to offer themselves as members of an enlarged Executive Committee. If less than six people propose themselves, they will be co-opted onto the Executive Committee. If more than six propose themselves we will hold an election for 1/3 EC.''

The deadline for your candidature is Saturday 16th May 2026 at 24:00 CET. 

== Candidature for the New Vice-President for [2026, 2027] ==
 
'''Manifesto – Candidature for New Vice-President of UNESCO UniTwin CS-DC'''

Jeffrey JOHNSON, Professor of Complexity Science and Design, The Open University, UK

I offer myself as a candidate for the Executive Committee of the CS-DC. I am particularly committed to our educational efforts. I have made four MOOCs on the FutureLearn Platform for CS-DC. I am also committed to our research mission with UNESCO towards the achieving the U.N. Sustainable Development Goals. 

I have extensive experience within the complex systems community, including various complex systems coordination actions funded by the European Commission, I am a founder member and past president of the Complex Systems Society, and a past Deputy-President of the CS-DC.

In 2026 I set up the CS-DC Press to produce books available as free PDFs with printed copies available at very low cost. The CS-DC Press will publish research and educational books.

As a member of the Executive Committee I would focus on education, working towards CS-CD professional certificates and qualifications at the level of university bachelors and masters degrees. 

New Candidatures to the Executive Committee for [2026]
=== Manifesto – Candidature for the Executive Committee of UNESCO UniTwin CS-DC ===

===== Prof. Daniel Schertzer, Ecole nationale des ponts et chaussées =====

Dear UNESCO CS-DC Councillors,

I am writing to express my sincere interest in serving as a member of the Executive Committee of UNESCO UniTwin CS-DC. I am deeply committed to fostering the community of complex systems and am eager to contribute to the organisation of this talented group.

I am particularly interested in the “living roadmap” of CS-DC, a unique feature that operates through two complementary strategies. Firstly, it addresses major transversal problems, and secondly, it focusses on classes of complex systems. This integrative systems framework is particularly pertinent to geosciences, which are increasingly integrating urban sciences, sustainability science, territorial planning, computational modelling, socio-ecological intelligence, and digital governance.

Consequently, TIMES—Territorial Intelligence for Multilevel Equity and Sustainability—is built on this integration process and is one of CS-DC’s principal flagship projects. The new chalenge with TIMES is to do it across scales, not only at an arbitrary scale. I possess extensive international experience as a scientist, mentor, leader, organiser, and editor, which I believe would be valuable assets to this role.

Sincerely,
Daniel Schertzer
[https://hmco.enpc.fr/team-view/daniel-schertzer/ Short CV of Daniel Schertzer]


'''Flavia Mori SARTI, Ph.D., Professor and Researcher, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil'''

I present my interest in being candidate for the CS-DC Executive Committee to contribute to the dissemination of knowledge in complex systems at the local and global level. I am representative of the University of Sao Paulo (USP) at the CS-DC since 2012. I work with complex systems modeling since the creation of the Interdisciplinary Research Group of Complex Systems Modelling at the School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities (EACH-USP) in 2006. Our research group succesfully implemented the first interdisciplinary graduate program titled Master in Complex Systems Modeling in Brazil, in 2010. I have been participating in the program commission since 2010, and I was coordinator of the graduate program from 2010 to 2014.

I have supervised 12 students in the program and two postdoctoral fellows, followed by publication of several book chapters and papers on complex systems applied to public policies, including models on tax evasion, health systems regulation, health insurance, food policy and nutrition programs, and complex networks on scientific collaboration and global food trade. I have been invited to present seminars and talks on complex systems applied to food systems, health economics, and public policy.

My goals in the CS-DC Executive Committee include:

* To disseminate the role of CS-DC in education and research on complex systems, especially in developing countries;
* To support and to engage other research groups working with complex systems for participation in the CS-DC;
* To contribute further with management and organization of CS-DC activities during the period of 2022-2024;
* To continue supporting capacity building in complex systems through supervision and other academic activities;
* To foster innovation, research and development strategies through complex systems applications in public policy and entrepreneurship.


'''Alberto A. Rasia-Filho, MD, Ph.D, Professor and Researcher, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA) and Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil'''

Dear Councilors of the UNESCO CS-DC,

It is an honor to submit my candidacy for the CS-DC Executive Committee for 2026. Please let me introduce myself as a Full Professor of Physiology (UFCSPA), Supervisor in the Biosciences (UFCSPA) and Neuroscience Graduate Programs (UFRGS), and a researcher on human neuronal morphology, dendritic spines, synaptic plasticity, and social/emotional neural networks (National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, Brazil). Professional Identifier/ORCID: 0000-0003-4623-5916.

Currently, I am participating as head of the e-Team &quot;Morphological Heterogeneity&quot; in the UNESCO CS-DC, led by Prof. Enver Oruro Puma, Principal Investigator of the Morphodynamic Neuroscience and Behavior eLab CS-DC, and Prof. Grace E. Pardo, Scientific Research Institute, Continental University of Cusco, Peru. We integrate morphodynamics across different scales of brain organization and neural network functions in complex systems, considering neuronal morphology itself as an emergent level of organization. The structure of neural cells and their connectivity within the brain volume are morphodynamic features with interactions from cellular morphogenetic elements, the local cell neighborhood, and synaptic connections. In turn, the emergent functions of networks are organized around a series of conceptual, experimental, and computational foundations.

These ideas were developed—and are now open to additional discussions—in the recent article from our group: “New Directions for Complex Systems in Contemporary Neuroscience: A Morphodynamic and Emergent Function Approach” (Research Topic: Theoretical and Computational Insights into Brain-Based Cognition/Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience). This represents an ongoing research line available for further collaborations in Complex Systems Science.

I will be (1) committed to the Action Plan 2026 (and beyond) from the current 2026-31 Action Plan/Complex Systems Digital Campus UNESCO UniTwin, (2) working to integrate interdisciplinary approaches and eTeams, sharing knowledge and opportunities for complex systems education and research, as well as (3) contributing to country and continent engagement and representation in line with worldwide aims, (4) including the academic formation of young scientists.
----'''Norberto Garcia-Cairasco, BSc, MSc, PhD, Full Professor of Physiology-Neurophysiology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo State, Brazil.'''

Dear Councilors of the UNESCO CS-DC,

It is an honor for me to submit my candidacy for the CS-DC Executive Committee for 2026. Please, let me introduce myself as a Full Professor of Physiology-Neurophysiology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo State, Brazil. At FMRP-USP, I am Supervisor (Master and PhD) at both Graduate Programs in Physiology and Neurology/Neuroscience &amp; Neuropsychiatry. I have been the Founder and the Director for almost 40 years of the Neurophysiology and Experimental Neuroethology Laboratory, where we conduct research in the characterization of epilepsies and associated neuropsychiatric comorbidities, using behavioral, electrophysiological, cellular, molecular and computational integrated tools, in both experimental and collaborative clinical settings. Our main funding comes from the State of São Paulo Foundation (FAPESP), the Federal agencies National Council for Research (CNPq) and the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). Professional Identifier/ORCID: &lt;nowiki&gt;https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8857-3775&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

I am currently the Head of the e-Team “'''Epilepsy and Neuropsychiatric Comorbidities”''' in the UNESCO CS-DC, led by Prof. Enver Oruro and Prof. Grace E Pardo, Principal Investigators of the Neurocomputing, Social Simulation, and Complex Systems Laboratory at the Instituto Científico of Universidad Continental del Cusco, Peru. 

Complex systems are involved in abnormal functioning and the refractoriness to pharmacological approaches of epileptogenic neural circuits, with additional multilevel complexity derived from associated, usually neuropsychiatric comorbidities. We, indeed, propose that the morphodynamics of neurons and glia in neural circuits can be studied as an initial step toward understanding proper wiring and stable properties, including neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, receptors, and intracellular signal transduction components, as well as plastic features, environmental stimuli, attention, and learning. These ideas were developed, and are now open to additional discussions, in the recent article from our group: “New Directions for Complex Systems in Contemporary Neuroscience: A Morphodynamic and Emergent Function Approach” (Research Topic: Theoretical and Computational Insights into Brain-Based Cognition/Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience). This represents an ongoing research line available for further collaborations in Complex Systems Science. 

I will be (1) committed to the Action Plan 2026 (and beyond) from the current 2026-31 Action Plan/Complex Systems Digital Campus UNESCO UniTwin, (2) working to integrate interdisciplinary approaches and eTeams, sharing knowledge and opportunities for complex systems education and research, as well as (3) contributing to country and continent engagement and representation in line with worldwide aims, (4) including the academic formation of young scientists.

In addition to the above-mentioned agenda and goals, I will offer, for the leverage of outreach activities, my experience of more than four decades in the '''''Neuroscience &amp; Arts''''' connection. In fact, I am co-Founder of the “Brain Awareness Week” in Brazil (since 2012) and currently the Coordinator at the Institute for Advanced Studies at USP-Ribeirão Preto of the “'''''Science, Arts, Education and Society Network - ScienArtES'''''”. In 2022, I received the Title of ''Doctor Honoris Causa'' (Biology) from the Universidad de Salamanca, Spain. Finally, I am also, since 2026, a Member of the Brain Literacy Initiative Alliance: Uniting for Brain Research-Informed Education Worldwide. 
----

== Candidature for the New President for [2025, 2026] ==
 
'''Manifesto – Candidature for New President of UNESCO UniTwin CS-DC'''

'''Prof. Paul Bourgine''' : 

If elected, my main commitment is to create the conditions for a self-organized development of our UNESCO UniTwin CS-DC as autonomous communities of communities for our flagship TIMES and its Knowledge &amp; Knowhow Accelerator one-for-all &amp; all-for-one (KKA). We know now how to realize —for the two above commitments— the 3&lt;sup&gt;rd&lt;/sup&gt; UNESCO commitment, i.e., the ‘computational ecosystem’. It will use the mature part of Web 3.0, especially the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS). Thanks to our previous efforts especially of the two last years, the remaining work amount is ten times less than we were anticipating at the beginning of the 2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;/sup&gt; renewal of our UniTwin by UNESCO 2020-2026.  

If elected, my duty will be not only to fulfill entirely the commitments of our Cooperation Program with UNESCO but also starting an exponential increasing development wave for our UniTwin network (through their continent and country Councils) and of our e-Campus (through CS-DC’25 and e-Labs’26 Conferences especially for our Flagships for sustainable development). The Knowledge &amp; Knowhow Accelerator will directly benefit from 1) such conference series, 2) our past and new flagships for sustainable development and 3) a new decentralized strategy for collecting donations in our decentralized network of X-Legal Entities.

== New Candidatures to the Executive Committee for [2025] ==

=== Manifesto – Candidature for the Executive Committee of UNESCO UniTwin CS-DC ===
'''Prof. Silvius STANCIU, PhD in Economics, PhD in Engineering, Habil.'''

Full Professor, “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galați (UDJG), Romania

Editor-in-Chief, ''Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development Studies (JARDS)''

Former Vice-Rector, Former Director of DFCTT and CTT UGAL
----'''Dear Councillors,'''

It is a great honor for me to submit my candidacy for the Executive Committee of the UNESCO UniTwin Complex Systems Digital Campus (CS-DC). With more than '''30 years of experience in academia''', I am currently Full Professor and doctoral advisor at “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galați (UDJG), Romania — a public research university with a strong regional impact and a long-standing tradition in interdisciplinary education and innovation.

I hold two doctoral degrees — one in Economics and one in Engineering — and I am a habilitated professor. I have published '''163 ISI-indexed scientific articles''' and have a '''Clarivate H-index of 14'''. My research focuses on '''food security, circular economy, technological innovation, rural development''', and '''complex systems in agro-food value chains'''.

I am the founder and coordinator of Romania’s first doctoral program in ''Engineering and Management in Agriculture and Rural Development (IMADR)'', with '''9 PhD graduates''' and '''9 doctoral students''' currently under my supervision. I also serve as '''Editor-in-Chief''' of the ''Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development Studies (JARDS)'', dedicated to interdisciplinary research in sustainable food and rural systems.

Over the past decade, I have been involved as director or expert in '''more than 45 national and international research projects''', including Horizon-compatible initiatives and cross-border cooperation programs. I coordinated a '''Romania–Republic of Moldova cross-border project''' (2020–2021) and currently lead '''two new ROMD-funded projects''' entering implementation.

My former institutional leadership roles include:

* '''Vice-Rector for Research and Innovation'''
* '''Director of the Department for Institutional Development (DFCTT)''' and of the '''Technology Transfer Center (CTT UGAL)'''
* '''Member of national and international quality and research bodies''', including CNATDCU, ARACIS, and CMPTJ

----'''If elected, I am committed to:'''

* Expanding the CS-DC network in '''Eastern Europe and the Black Sea region''', enhancing scientific and territorial diversity;
* Supporting '''POEM''' and '''FOOD flagship programs''' through digital education, doctoral/postdoctoral collaboration, and innovation ecosystems;
* Promoting '''open science''', international e-seminars, and interdisciplinary MOOCs;
* Coordinating thematic initiatives in '''agro-complexity, food systems resilience''', and '''sustainable rural innovation'''.

As a representative of a '''UniTwin member institution''', I see this candidacy as a unique opportunity to strengthen UDJG’s role within the CS-DC ecosystem. I fully embrace the CS-DC mission to foster global collaboration, education, and research in complexity science.

I am ready to bring '''vision, experience, and energy''' to the Executive Committee and help shape the future of our UniTwin community.
----'''Sincerely,'''

'''Prof. Silvius STANCIU, PhD in Economics, PhD in Engineering, Habil.'''

Representative of “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galați (UDJG)

'''Professional Identifiers:'''

* Web of Science Author ID: R-8246-2017
* ORCID: 0000-0001-7697-0968
* Scopus ID: 36633317700
* Google Scholar: Silvius Stanciu
* ResearchGate: Silvius Stanciu

== New Candidatures to the Executive Committee for [2024] ==

'''Enver Oruro Puma, Ph.D., Principal Investigator of Neurocomputing, Social Simulation, and Complex Systems Laboratory at the Instituto Científico of Universidad Andina del Cusco, Peru''' 

Dear Councillor of the UNESCO UniTwin CS-DC. I am very honored to place my candidature for the UNESCO UniTwin CS-DC Executive Committee. I am Enver Miguel Oruro Puma, Ph.D., principal investigator of Neurocomputing, Social Simulation, and Complex Systems Laboratory at the Instituto Científico of Universidad Andina del Cusco, Peru (https://sites.google.com/view/orurolab/). Since 2009, I have promoted and organized conferences and academic events on Complex Systems in Latin America. Recently, I have promoted the area of computational neuroscience on infant attachment (https://sites.google.com/view/envermiguel/seminar-in-maternal-infant-relationship-studies).

It would be a great honor for me if given the opportunity to contribute to the Executive Committee of UNESCO UniTwin CS-DC in the integration of Complex System research groups in the Latin American Region. For this, I propose the creation of two periodical activities: 1) A Special Lectures Series on Complex Systems UNESCO UniTwin CS-DC oriented to experts on Complex Systems, and 2) A Invited Advanced Lectures UNESCO UniTwin CS-DC oriented to experts who do not identify explicitly with complex systems

'''Pierre Collet, full professor of Strasbourg University, on secondment to Universidad Andrés Bello, Instituto de Tecnología para la Innovación en Salud y Bienestar, Viña del Mar, Valparaiso, Chile'''.

Since 2012, I have contributed to the elaboration of the CS-DC Unesco UniTwin together with Paul Bourigne, Jeffrey Johnson and many others, and I have been co-coordinator of the CS-DC UniTwin with Cyrille Bertelle since its creation in 2014. Starting part of this great adventure has changed my academic and personal life: thanks to the UniTwin, I have changed my research from stochastic optimisation, artificial evolution and AI in general to complex systems and epistemology.

Participating in this UniTwin allowed me to make new contacts and start incredible projects that I could not have imagined before. It has even changed my life, as I am now living in Chile, having been recruited by ITISB, an institute founded by Carla Taramasco, the CS-DC representative for South America.

Together with Paul and others, we would like to revive UniTwin by preparing another world conference inspired by the great success of [https://cs-dc-15.org CS-DC'15] and also develop flagship projects such as POEM (Personalised Open Education for the Masses) and the [https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Portal:Complex_Systems_Digital_Campus/E-Laboratory_on_complex_computational_ecosystems ECCE e-lab], which this year has welcomed a new very active [[Figures of Play/Les figures du Jeu e-team|Figures of Play]] that has started the [https://ludocorpus.org/ Ludocorpus] in France.

As said before, this incredible UniTwin adventure always pays off for those who invest in it and in its great challenge: to develop the new science of complex systems through research and education. Through its projects, it contributes to making the world a better place to live in, despite the constant attacks on science coming from the most unlikely places.

Science is the solution, not the problem, to many of the world's plagues. We must put our energy into developing it and defend it against all its detractors.

That is why I am once again standing for election to the Executive Committee of this great CS-DC UniTwin. Modern science is Complex Systems science. It is important that its beacon continues to illuminate the world, and we must invest our time and energy in it.

== Candidature Deputy President for [2024, 2025] ==
'''Jeffrey JOHNSON, Professor of Complexity Science and Design, The Open University, UK'''

I offer myself as a candidate both to be President and to the Executive Committee of The UNESCO UniTwin Complex Systems Digital Campus (CS-DC) so that I can help to drive it forward to achieve it goals.

I am particularly committed to our educational efforts. I have made four MOOCs on the FutureLearn Platform for CS-DC ( &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.futurelearn.com/partners/unesco-unitwin-complex-systems-digital-campus&lt;/nowiki&gt; ): Global Systems Science (2015-16); Systems Thinking and Complexity (2017-18); First Steps in Data Science with Google Analytics (2018-19) and COVID-19 - Pandemics, Modelling and Policy (2020). CS-DC has a great opportunity to become the global university providing interdisciplinary education for a better world.

I am also committed to our research mission with UNESCO towards the achieving the U.N. Sustainable Development Goals. My own research on representing the dynamics of complex multilevel systems is relevant to many of the research initiatives of CS-DC.

I have extensive experience working within the complex systems community. I have run various coordination actions supporting research programmes funded by the European Commission, I am a founder member and past president of the Complex Systems Society, and I am Deputy-President of the CS-DC. I believe this experience will enable me to make a significant contribution the CS-DC over the next three years.

== New Elected President for [2023, 2024] ==
Paul BOURGINE, present President of the UNESCO UniTwin CS-DC, Complex Systems Institute of Paris 
I offer myself as a candidate to be President of The UNESCO UniTwin Complex Systems Digital Campus (CS-DC).
My previous commitment two years ago is below. The bad news is that it was not achieved. The good new is that we know now how to create 'autonomous community of autonomous communities' as a social network with IPFS (the InterPlanetary File System) like the new development of Wikipedia. 
If elected, my first commitment is to finish this job as quickly as possible. My second commitment is simultaneously to visit each country of the UniTwin for creating its country.CS-DC and its roadmap with young eTeams shared by their Universities with a senior scientific committee. The eTeam projects will have the opportunity to be submitted to the EU calls or other ones. 

Enver Oruro PhD, Head of Neurocomputing, Social Simulation and Complex Systems Laboratory, Universidad Andina del Cusco, Peru.
'''I would like to nominate Professor Paul Bourgine.'''

== New Elected Members to the Executive Committee for [2022,2023, 2024,2025] ==
'''2Dr Mohamed Abdellahi (Ould BABAH) Ebbe, Mauritania,''' 

* Senior Advisor for the CILSS Executif Secretary for international Partnership and formal General Director of the     Institut du Sahel/CILSS www.insah.org;

·       Commissionaire General of CILSS for Horticulture Universal  Expo of DOHA 2023-2024   &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.dohaexpo2023.gov.qa/en/&lt;/nowiki&gt; with central thems:

'''CENTRAL THEME: GREEN DESERT, BETTER ENVIRONMENT'''

* Executive Director of the     Orthopterist Society (400 researchers among the globe) &lt;nowiki&gt;https://orthsoc.org/&lt;/nowiki&gt;
* We have organized our last     congress during 16-20 0ctober in Merida Mexique

&lt;nowiki&gt;https://ico2023mexico.com/&lt;/nowiki&gt;

By obtaining the honor of having your hoped-for confidence for continuing this post of member of the executive council of the CS-DC, I will work, in priority and in the short term on two main subjects:

## '''The transboundary plague of the     Desert Locust (Schistocerca gregaria (Forska l , 1775))''' This plague of the Desert     Locust of more than 3000 years that cites all our holy books (the Tourah,     the Bible and the Koran) and which continues to be present to this day and     to wreak devastating devastation. In case of invasion, it can affect the     agriculture and pastures of about 25 countries including those of the     poorest countries of the world, from Mauritania to India, while its best     and most effective strategy of struggle is preventive struggle by     targeting its first centers of gregarization which are very small in space     and much better known today. In 2005, the costs of its struggle in the     Sahel and North Africa amounted to half a billion dollars, with 8 million     farmers and pastoralists affected in the Sahel. It also massively invaded     Asia and Africa. 'East Africa in 2020. On this subject, I have spent 30     years studying and fighting and developing a national strategy against     this scourge which has made it possible to establish a whole prevention     model and an institutional, technical, operational mechanism. and     scientific effective in my country that can be adapted and copied and in     all other affected countries: Biogeography of the desert locust     Schistocerca gregaria, Forskal, 1775: Identification, characterization and     originality of a gregarious focus in central Mauritania (HR.HORS COLLEC.)     (French Edition) - Babah Ebbe, Mohamed Abdallahi | 9782705670573 |     Amazon.com.au | Books &lt;nowiki&gt;http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2010/01/07/improved-ways-to-prevent-the-desert-locust-in-mauritania-and-the-sahel&lt;/nowiki&gt;,     http: //     whatsnext.blogs.cnn.com/2012/02/02/in-mauritania-sunny-with-a-chance-of-locusts/ I was invited last year by Royal Society 20-21 may 2024 to moderate one session on locust research management (La plasticité des criquets et des abeilles dans un monde en mutation | Société royale) and in a “International Conference on New Technology and Concepts for Sustainable Management of Locusts and Grasshoppers” held from 2 to 7 June 2024 in Jinan, Shandong, China.We are also preparing our Orthopterist congress in Argentina during the next mars 2026  &lt;nowiki&gt;https://ico2026.com.ar&lt;/nowiki&gt;

'''All this is in addition of more than 110 publications or joint publications on the locust, its environment and management''' 

# '''Senior Adviser to the CILSS Executive Secretary for International Partnerships'''] [Assistance to Mauritania (or 3 months) in the preparation of the organisation of the Nouakchott+10 High-Level Forum on pastoralism held in Nouakchott from 6 to 8 November 2024, various advising for the international partnership and the mobilization of resources including preparation of the organization of a round table planned in OPEC Vienna Austria for the mobilization of Arabic and Islamic funds for the financing of the CILSS 2050 strategic plan
# '''The Sahel Institute (INSAH)     www.insah.org of the Permanent Interstate Committee for Drought Control     (CILSS)''' that I     lead and which has been doing extraordinary work for almost half a century     in the field of research and development of animal and plant production     techniques and also in the field of support for demographic, population     and development policies, in favor of the populations of our 13 Sahelian,     coastal and island member countries. This work covered the majority of     good practice technologies in the field of plant and animal production,     natural resource management, land rstauration, cultivation techniques,     post-harvest, machining, dehulling operations technology. / ginning,     Conservation and storage, good resilience practices

Research on the demographic dividend, gender and the empowerment of women and the Population / Development interrelations ... etc The results of all this work are contained in a database. data, online &lt;nowiki&gt;http://publications.insah.org/&lt;/nowiki&gt;, containing more than 1,500 books, scientific and technical articles that will have to be modernized and connected to the CS Meta data.

As General Commissionaire  of CILSS for Horticulture Universal  Expo of DOHA 2023-2024   &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.dohaexpo2023.gov.qa/en/&lt;/nowiki&gt; with central thems:

'''CENTRAL THEME: GREEN DESERT, BETTER ENVIRONMENT''' I am working  in introducing as detailed below:

'''CILSS ''contribution to the improvement of sustainable horticultural agricultural production in a context of drought''''' 

'''I. PRESENTATION OF THE EXPO'''  

Expo 2023 in Doha is part of the fight against desertification. The Expo will be held from 2 October 2023 to 28 March 2024 under the theme &quot;'''''Green Desert, Better Environment'''''&quot;. The aim is to encourage, inspire and inform people about innovative solutions to reduce desertification. The exhibition will provide an international platform for participants, stakeholders, decision-makers, nongovernmental organizations and experts to address the global challenge of &quot;desertification&quot;, while making a valuable contribution to achieving a sustainable future. During the 6 months of the Expo, nearly 3 million visitors from over 80 countries are expected

The objectives of this Expo are in line with those of the CILSS, which seeks to improve the living conditions of the people of the Sahel in a sustainable manner. This is why the participation of CILSS in this Expo is important for the region and its vulnerable populations. 

'''OBJECTIVES OF EXPO 2023 DOHA, QATAR'''

Expo 2023 Doha, Qatar is defined by the following objectives:

-   Encourage horticultural innovation by focusing on Qatar's climate, water and soil.

-   Promote Expo 2023 in Doha, Qatar, as a catalyst for international investment and business opportunities.

-   To propose innovative actions that would allow humanity to fight against desertification more quickly and decisively before it is too late.

-   To build up useful environmental outputs for future generations.  

'''II. ORGANISATION OF THE CILSS PARTICIPATION'''

'''II.1. GOALS OF CILSS EXHIBITION:''' 

1. Sharing experiences and best practices,

2. Building International Partnership,

3. Promoting technology and innovation

Finally, I will continue to work actively with my colleagues on the Executive Board on all aspects of other cross-border scourges but also all aspects of improving agro-sylvo-pastoral production


'''Dr. Xabier E. Barandiaran, Lecturer at the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Department of Philosophy, Donostia - San Sebastian, Spain'''

I would like to present [https://xabier.barandiaran.net myself] as a candidate for the Executive Committee. I have been the representative and coordinator between CS-DC and the [https://ehu.eus University of the Basque Country] since 2013. I develop my academic research at the [https://ias-research.net IAS-Research Centre for Life, Mind, and Society], with a focus on the understanding of autonomous and complex adaptive systems (from biology to cognition, from brains to societies). I am the author of over 50 indexed publications on topics related to complex systems, philosophy of mind, complex epistemology, simulation models of the origins of life, minimal agency, evolutionary robotics, complex social network analysis, etc. I recently received the “Award for Distinguished Early-Career Investigator” by the International Society for Artificial Life. Overal I have been awarded with 7 different grants and have actively participated on 15 different research projects. I have also supervised 2 PhD thesis (4 more still in development) and I hold an extensive record of scientific and innovative management experience in different academic and public institutions as founder of research networks ReteCog.Net and FLOK Society – Buen Conocer and head of RDI at Barcelona City Council (2016-2018). I have also organized several national workshops, summer schools and conferences, and 2 international summer schools, 4 international workshops and one international conference. I am currently the Principal Investigator of a founded research project (with more than 30 research-collaborators) on a complex systems' approach to the concept of autonomy beyond its classical conception as an individual bounded property.

As part of my university's goal of fostering international collaboration and opening up e-learning and research initiatives I would like to get more deeply involved on CS-DC with the following goals:

* To desing the infrastructure, learning-experience, research-experience and content for distributed, open access and high-quality digital campus facilities.
* To involve local agents (student, teachers, researchers and institutions) on the initiative of the network.
* To foster collaboration, co-production and resource sharing between teaching and research facilities between priviledged richer countries and lower-income ones. In particular, but not exclusively, and for obvious reasons related to sharing the same language, to foster ''collaboration between European and Latin-american universities'', research initiatives and students through CS-DC.
* To develop at least one ''prototype'' of a MSc level online course (and research network module) around complex cognitive systems that can serve as a model for the other fields of the network.
* To develop a clear conceptual and communicative framework for CS-DC to be able to attract more participants, resources and broader attention and success as pioneering international initiative.


'''Dr. habil. László Barna Iantovics, Professor at “George Emil Palade” Univ. of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Tg. Mures, Romania'''

With the present manifesto, I would like to be a candidate for the CS-DC Executive Committee. I have been the representative of “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures from Romania in CS-DC by many years.

Some of my research and academic activities were related to the complex systems, including: publications; organized conferences (e.g. Symposium on Understanding Intelligent and Complex Systems - UICS 2009; 1st Int. Conf. on Complexity and Intelligence of the Artificial and Natural Complex Systems Medical Applications of the Complex Systems. Biomedical Computing -CANS 2008; 1st Int. Conf. on Bio-Inspired Computational Methods Used for Difficult Problems Solving. Development of Intelligent and Complex Systems - BICS 2008); membership in conference committees (e.g. Int. Conf. Emergent Properties in Natural and Artificial Complex Systems - EPNACS 2007; Workshop on Complex Systems and Self-organization Modeling -CoSSoM 2009); Journal Special Issues (e.g. Special Issue on Complexity in Sciences and Artificial Intelligence; Special Issue on Understanding Complex Systems); membership in Journal’s Editorial Boards (e.g. Complex Adaptive Systems Modeling -CASM, SpringerOpen), and contribution to research performed in projects and projects coordination (Social network of machines- SOON; Hybrid Medical Complex Systems -ComplexMediSys). I am the director of the Research Center on Artificial Intelligence, Data Science and Smart Engineering (Artemis).

I would like to involve myself much deeper in the life and activities of the CS-DC community.

My principal objectives are:

* To involve junior and senior researchers from my university in activities regarding research and education related to complex systems.
* To involve universities and research institutes to actively contribute to the CS-DC development.
* To involve myself in the joint coordination with other CS-DC members of a doctoral and postdoctoral students’ group that will be involved in the CS-DC community works.
* To strengthen the research direction with the theme: applications of intelligent complex systems and machine intelligence measuring. One of the subtopics of interest will be the application of complex systems, artificial intelligence and data science in medicine, pharmacology, and healthcare.


'''Flavia Mori SARTI, Ph.D., Professor and Researcher, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil'''

I would like to present my candidature for the CS-DC Executive Committee in the period 2022-2024 to contribute to the dissemination of Complex Systems Science.

I have been representative of the University of Sao Paulo (USP) at the CS-DC since 2012, and I have been working with complex systems since the creation of the Interdisciplinary Research Group of Complex Systems Modelling at the School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities (EACH-USP) in 2006. Our research group succesfully implemented the first interdisciplinary graduate program (Master) in Complex Systems Modelling in Brazil, in 2010. I have been participating in the coordinating commission of the program since 2010, and I was coordinator of the graduate program from 2010 to 2014.

I have supervised seven students in the Master program, which resulted in thesis, book chapters, and papers published on the subject of complex systems, including models on tax evasion, health systems regulation, food policy and nutrition programs, and complex networks on scientific collaboration and international food trade. I also contributed to the organization of the e-Session &quot;Economics as a Complex Evolutionist System&quot; on the CS-DC'15 World e-conference in 2015, and have been invited to present seminars on complex systems applied to health economics, health technology assessment, and public policy of nutrition and health.

My goals in the CS-DC Executive Committee include:

* To disseminate the role of CS-DC in education and research on Complex Systems, especially in Brazil and other developing countries;
* To support and to engage other research groups working with Complex Systems for participation in the CS-DC;
* To contribute further with management and organization of CS-DC activities during the period of 2022-2024;
* To continue supporting capacity building in Complex Systems through the Complex Systems Modelling Program at USP;
* To participate in innovation, research and development activities based on the application of Complex Systems in public policy and entrepreneurship.


'''Pr Panos Argyarakis, Professor in the University of Thessaloniki, Greece.'''

I have been with the Complex Systems Society since its inception in 2004 by participating in the NEST projects Dysonet and Giacs which created CSS. My experience in the Executive Committee will be to contribute towards the spreading of the Complexity idea to various levels of education throughout the different countries. I am currently the PI in an Erasmus+ network that introduces new models of teaching and investigating how is education been affected for future generations. I can contribute in decision making for such important activities, and also serve as liaison with the European Commission, and the Complex Systems Society, due to my past experience. I have extended organizational experience by organizing several internationally meetings in this field that were attended by large audiences. My research interests are related to Complex systems and Networks. Scale-free, random, and small world networks. Dynamic properties on networks, Diffusion, spreading phenomena on networks, disease spreading. Phase transitions, percolation model, reaction-diffusion processes, trapping processes. Random walks.


'''Ali Moussaoui, Professor, University of Tlemcen, Department of Mathematics, Algeria,'''

I wish to present my candidature to become member of the executive committee of the CS-DC, I wish to develop collaborations with the partner universities in the field of complex systems. I wish to participate in the creation of international mixed laboratories and international masters on complex systems.

In the past, I was responsible for a master's degree entitled: modeling of complex systems in our department, I am currently responsible for a research team entitled: Modeling of complex systems in our laboratory, I was responsible for a Franco-Algerian project on the modeling of complex systems. My research skills are focused on the modeling of complex natural and biological systems.

'''Carlos Gershenson, Research Professor, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.'''

I was involved with CS-DC in its initial years in UNESCO's UniTwin, also representing UNAM. I have been editor-in-chief of Complexity Digest since 2007. I co-organized the Conference on Complex Systems in 2017. I am currently vice-president secretary of the Complex Systems Society (CSS).

I am a strong proponent of open online learning. I managed to start a collaboration between UNAM and Coursera, which has led to more than a hundred MOOCs and millions of enrolled students.

I would be interested in strengthening the relationship between CS-DC and CSS, as well as other organizations.

==Elected members to the Executive Committee for 2021 ==
'''Carlos J. BARRIOS H., PhD., Professor, Bucaramanga, Colombia '''

I write to express my interest to candidacy to be part of the CS-DC Executive Committee. I'm very motivated to develop actions to strengthen digital ecosystem supporting research and education proposals of our CS-DC Council. Among these years participating in the CS-DC group, I can see different ways to leverage the impact and the development of our actions with computational strategies, and now, I want to be part of the leadership council joined mutual visions.

My experience leading the Advanced Computing System for Latin America and Caribbean (SCALAC : http://scalac.redclara.net ) and as member of other leadership boards in international projects (mainly between Europe and Latin America) supports my candidature. (linkedin.com/in/carlosjaimebh) Also, my role as professor, director and researcher contributes to build the common vision of the CS-DC Council and the leadership of the CS- DC Executive Committee.


'''Mina TEICHER, Professor of Bar-Ilan University, Israël'''

I submit my candidacy to the Executive Committee of the CS Digital Campus. If elected I will work towards our following needs, using my past experience in Professional international societies, universities managements and the data industry : 

* We need in the near future to build an optimal and effective agreement with the Complex System Society.
* We need to build a business  plan for fund raising.
* We need to build a modular budget for 2021.
* We need to build a strategy for geographically extension. 
* We need to build a strategy for thematic  extension. 
* We need to build partnerships with the big multi national high tech Companies in network and in content. 


'''Yasmin MERALI, Professor of University of Hull, UK'''

This manifesto is connected with the ideals that I had as a founding member of our UniNet which was conceived as part of the FP7 ASSYST project.
CS-DC has come a long way since its initial conception. The way I see it, there are three categories that have grown to emerge as our core activities- 
* Capacity building through education and training in Complex Systems Science
* The application of Complex Systems Science to address global challenges
* The advancement of Complex Systems Science through research and development.

I believe this is a good time to link back to the inception of our UNITWIN which was in part inspired by considerations of issues at a human scale, and the desire to address the inequalities that divided the so-called developed and developing countries. This resonates strongly with the ambition of the  Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) we are currently grappling with.
In the growth phase of the UNITWIN and CSDC we have been focused on extending the size of the network, and scaling up our educational offerings across the digital campus. In the next phase I believe we need to:
# understand and leverage the diversity and distinctive capabilities and resources (e.g. indigenous knowledge) of the countries in our network to develop a healthy ecosystem, and
# tailor the support that we provide to align with the diverse nature of their relational and social capital and their economic, political and environmental challenges and priorities with regard to the SDGs.  

I am concerned that if we do not explicitly design a social/ideational exchange mechanism that attends to these two imperatives, we will not have full, active participation of all member institutions, and the countries of the South that do not currently have champions in Europe will be marginalized.

If elected I would champion a strategy of organizing ourselves following the Complex Adaptive Systems paradigm, as a hyper network with dynamically connected local clusters. In practical terms I would like to begin by establishing the local (country-based) clusters and establishing a discourse that would allow us to map the diverse profiles, challenges and aspirations for the different countries. This would then form the basis for the development of a mechanism for shaping the meaningful collaborative development of our three core activities to deliver advances that are globally co-ordinated and locally responsive.

Personal Profile: I am Professor of Systems Thinking at the University of Hull and have served as Director of the Centre Systems Studies there. Prior to that I was Co-Director of the Doctoral Training Centre for Complex Systems Science at the University of Warwick. My research is transdisciplinary, focusing on the use of Complex Systems Science to enhance the resilience of socio-economic systems. I am an Expert advisor to the EU and I have significant experience of lecturing internationally as Visiting Professor in Asia, Europe and the USA.

'''Céline ROZENBLAT: Professor, University of Lausanne - Institut de géographie et de durabilité (IGD), Switzerland'''

I'm pleased to applied to become member of the CS-DC council.
As founding member of CS-DC, my university, the university of Lausanne, is very engaged in Complex sciences.
I would not only represent my university, but also social science as geographer and vice-president of the International Geographical Union and member of the International Science Council commission on Urban Health and Well being.
I would act in the council in specific programs to develop the reality of the Digital Campus of the Complex systems.

All these actions combine very ambitious interdisciplinary approaches, and in this perspective, we developed with CS-DC for 3 years the TIMES Flagship  Territorial Intelligence For Multilevel Equity And Sustainability. It comprises four main programs:

 '''SIRE''': Socially Intelligence Roadmap Ecosystem
 '''POLE:''' Personalized Open Lifelong Education
 '''WOSI:''' Worldwide Open Smart Innovation
 '''WOSP:''' Worldwide Open Stochastic Prediction 

In this perspective a MOOC « Healthy Urban system » is now in development, basing the interdisciplinary approach on the CS-DC Road-Map grid. It seems very useful and relevant in this implementation stage.
I would help to develop other programs in this perspective\[Ellipsis]


'''André TINDANO, Director General of CARFS (African Center for Research and Training in Synecoculture)'''

What motivates me to aspire to the position of member of the executive committee of CS DC is my long term participation in the promotion of sustainable development and my commitment to the sharing of knowledge and expertise.

My research interests Sustainable agriculture, ecology, nutrition, life science. I have a strong experience  in:
* Administration and management of development projects and programs;
* Accompaniment of associations and groups;
* Technical capacity building (animation of training sessions and reflection workshops).
* Action research;
* Sociological, socio-economic and economic studies.
* Development of development projects and programs;
* Training of trainers
* Results Based Management Training (RBM)
* Monitoring and evaluation of development programs and projects;
* Management of programs and development projects;
* Institutional development and organizational strengthening;
* Development and implementation of training / awareness / animation program;
* Very good knowledge of participatory methods
'''Guiou KOBAYASHI, Associate Professor at Federal University of ABC in São Paulo State, Brazil. '''

I worked with fault-tolerant computer systems for nuclear power plants and Metro signaling systems and recently my interests have evolved to resilience properties of Complex Systems. Traditionally, redundancy was the main feature for fault-tolerant and fail-safe systems, but the adaptability and the evolution of Complex Systems are the key elements for the resilience of these systems. How to characterize, design and implement these key elements in our future resilient systems? The Complex System - Digital Campus (CS-DC) is a way to create a world-wide community of researchers, philosophers and students to promote and discuss this kind of questions involving Complex Systems. For me, participating in its foundation was a great honor and I am very glad for the opportunity that I have had to contribute since 2012 in the consolidation of CS-DC.

Through this manifest I am applying to be one of the members of the new CS-DC's Executive Committee. I would like to help just a little more to strengthen and structure this fantastic community through which I had the opportunity to meet important people with very interesting works that expanded my knowledge of Complex Systems. Although my University and my personal contribution for CS-DC are very limited and small, I hope to continue to work with this great team.


'''Pierre COLLET, Professor of Computer Science, University of Strasbourg, France. Co-coordinator of the CS-DC UNESCO UniTwin'''

The CS-DC initiated by Paul Bourgine, Jeffrey Johnson, Cyrille Bertelle and many others has been an extraordinary adventure a) to instantiate as a UNESCO UniTwin and b) to develop and run since it was enacted in July 2014. Many a night have been spent on designing its inner workings, so that it can deliver an effective affordance for the scientists who wish to develop the science and teaching of Complex Systems. Indeed, many projects seeded in the CS-DC have come to fruition, showing the enormous potential of this fertile environment not only for research, but also for teaching: the BBB rooms set up by the CS-DC have not only made it possible for the CS-DC to organize conferences, but have also shown their potential as remote teaching rooms in many Universities around the world.

It has been an honour for me to be part of the development of the CS-DC since its beginning, but so much remains to be done!

In this manifesto, I hereby express my strong desire to continue developing the CS-DC in these trying times, when the effects of the pandemics stretch thin the social links that our research and teaching communities need most. My objectives for this new mandate are not only to deliver a new world conference (originally planned in 2020 but unfortunately delayed due to the high toll imposed on us all, teachers and researchers alike, by COVID-19) but also continue on developing not only efficient complex computational ecosystems (cheap powerful PARSEC machines have been installed in several universities) but more specifically remote teaching environments based on complex systems, to mitigate the terrible impact of the pandemic on face to face education, within the POEM CS-DC flagship, on which Paul Bourgine and myself have been working for many years now..


'''Mariana C. BROENS, Professor - UNESP - BRAZIL.'''

As members of the Executive Committee, our main challenge will be to raise, analyse and to discuss possible positive/negative ethical and political implications of the further development of the Complex Systems Science, and their application on studies of everyday social problems. In particular, We believe that the widespread use of complex system models and Big Data analytics can bring important questions about people's privacy, personal and corporate responsibility, widespread surveillance by public or private institutions, among many others, that should be deeply discussed in our community. Our contribution will be to raise and deepen these discussions from an interdisciplinary perspective.


'''Cyrille Bertelle, Professor in Computer Sciences,  University Le Havre, France, co-coordinator of the CS-DC UNESCO UniTwin'''

I am a candidate for the CS-DC Executive Committee to represent the University of Le Havre
Normandy, which is co-coordinator with the University of Strasbourg of the convention of
recognition of the CS-DC as UniTwin by UNESCO. The University of Le Havre has made
available to the community, resources and skills to provide digital collaborative tools for the
organization of the Councils and the CS-DC'15 virtual conference.

The objective I wish to take is to facilitate the involvement of member universities not only
by their representatives on the council but by allowing researchers from these member
institutions to join concrete and accessible actions.

Co-responsible in the past of a master's degree on complex systems and then of the creation
of the institute on complex systems in Normandie (France) in a multidisciplinary framework,
I have participated in the setting up of the project labeled by the French national program of
investments for the future and entitled &quot;Smart Port City&quot;. The aim is to think about the
future of territories in a sustainable development approach supported by new technologies
and concerned about the environment and the well-being of their citizens. My research skills
are focused on implementing the complexity of complex dynamic systems and networks,
crossing behavioral scales from the interaction of human behaviors to the technical
networks of the territory. 

The book &quot;complex systems, smart territories and mobility&quot; from
the Springer's Understanding Complex Systems series, which will be published in January
2021 (https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783030593018) illustrates the research
coordination actions that I lead in these fields.


'''Slimane Ben Miled, Senior Researcher at Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Professor at ENIT'''

Our Tunisian consortium want to constitute a collaborative Research Training Programs to increase data science capacity related to health research in Africa by building trainings and enhancing institutional capacity at African academic institutions.
The academy/project is based on 4 pillars to build a training ecosystem for Data and Engineering Science in health.
# A platform of federated master’s programs with à la carte optional courses covering informatics/computer science, biomedical informatics, data science, statistics, and public health). Each program will keep its independence, with a mention to the academy label, and this platform will allow to enrich the training with optional modules, seminars, and courses in the partner institutions. New curricula will be created in relation to ethical issues.
# Network of Doctoral programs and Executive programs
# Platform of federated Business incubator and a career center offers training, support and funding for projects related to the project’s topic.

This challenge is in perfect agreement with the Sustainable Development Goal 3 and the CS-DC flagship PHYSIOMES (Personalized Health phYSIcally, sOcially and Mentally for Each in their networkS).


'''Masa Funabashi: researcher of open complex systems at Sony Computer Science Laboratories, Inc.'''

I would like to contribute to the executive committee of CS-DC on the following two pillars:
* Promote the FOOD (From smart agrOecOnomy to smart fooD) flagship project that aims to resolve the health-diet-environment trilemma through the promotion of sustainable food systems, in collaboration with the e-lab &quot;human augmentation of ecosystems&quot; members institution: Sony CSL, Synecoculture Association, CARFS, and those who wish to participate in CS-DC collaboration.
* Construct a basic e-learning content on Synecoculture and ecological literacy as a part of CS-DC MOOCs and perform initial trials, principally in ECOWAS countries, through the Sony CSL-CARFS collaboration.

Through the development of on-going activities in FOOD project and making synergy with other flagship projects, I would like to contribute CS-DC as a member of the executive committee and realize further extension toward the achievement of global sustainability goals such as SDGs.


'''Dr Mohamed Abdellahi (Ould BABAH) Ebbe, Mauritania, '''
* General Director of the Institut du Sahel/CILSS www.insah.org; 
* Executive Director of the Orthopterist Society (400 researchers among the globe) https://orthsoc.org/

By obtaining the honor of having your hoped-for confidence for this post of member of the executive council of the CS-DC, I will work, in priority and in the short term on two main subjects:
# '''The transboundary plague of the Desert Locust (Schistocerca gregaria (Forska l , 1775))''' This plague of the Desert Locust of more than 3000 years that cites all our holy books (the Tourah, the Bible and the Koran) and which continues to be present to this day and to wreak devastating devastation. In case of invasion, it can affect the agriculture and pastures of about 25 countries including those of the poorest countries of the world, from Mauritania to India, while its best and most effective strategy of struggle is preventive struggle by targeting its first centers of gregarization which are very small in space and much better known today. In 2005, the costs of its struggle in the Sahel and North Africa amounted to half a billion dollars, with 8 million farmers and pastoralists affected in the Sahel. It also massively invaded Asia and Africa. 'East Africa in 2020. On this subject, I have spent 30 years studying and fighting and developing a national strategy against this scourge which has made it possible to establish a whole prevention model and an institutional, technical, operational mechanism. and scientific effective in my country that can be adapted and copied and in all other affected countries: Biogeography of the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria, Forskal, 1775: Identification, characterization and originality of a gregarious focus in central Mauritania (HR.HORS COLLEC.) (French Edition) - Babah Ebbe, Mohamed Abdallahi | 9782705670573 | Amazon.com.au | Books http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2010/01/07/improved-ways-to-prevent-the-desert-locust-in-mauritania-and-the-sahel, http: // whatsnext.blogs.cnn.com/2012/02/02/in-mauritania-sunny-with-a-chance-of-locusts/
# '''The Sahel Institute (INSAH) www.insah.org of the Permanent Interstate Committee for Drought Control (CILSS)''' that I lead and which has been doing extraordinary work for almost half a century in the field of research and development of animal and plant production techniques and also in the field of support for demographic, population and development policies, in favor of the populations of our 13 Sahelian, coastal and island member countries. This work covered the majority of good practice technologies in the field of plant and animal production, natural resource management, land restauration, cultivation techniques, post-harvest, machining, dehulling operations technology. / ginning, Conservation and storage, good resilience practices

Research on the demographic dividend, gender and the empowerment of women and the Population / Development interrelations ... etc
The results of all this work are contained in a database. data, online http://publications.insah.org/, containing more than 1,500 books, scientific and technical articles that will have to be modernized and connected to the CS Meta data.

Finally, I will work actively with my colleagues on the Executive Board on all aspects of other cross-border scourges but also all aspects of improving agro-sylvo-pastoral production tools as well as the fight against poverty and food insecurity and nutrition in line with the goals (SDGs)


'''Dr. Habil. László Barna Iantovics, Associate Professor at “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, Romania.''' 

With the present manifesto, I would like to candidate as a member of the CS-DC Executive Committee. I am the representative of “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures from Romania in CS-DC.

Some of my research and academic activities are related to the complex systems, including: publications, organization of conferences (e.g. Symposium on Understanding Intelligent and Complex Systems - UICS 2009; 1st Int. Conf. on Complexity and Intelligence of the Artificial and Natural Complex Systems Medical Applications of the Complex Systems. Biomedical Computing -CANS 2008; 1st Int. Conf. on Bio-Inspired Computational Methods Used for Difficult Problems Solving. Development of Intelligent and Complex Systems - BICS 2008), contribution to conference committees (e.g. Int. Conf. Emergent Proprieties in Natural and Artificial Complex Systems - EPNACS 2007; Workshop on Complex Systems and Self-organization Modeling -CoSSoM 2009), preparing journal special issues (e.g. Special Issue on Complexity in Sciences and Artificial Intelligence; Special Issue on Understanding Complex Systems), participating in journal’s editorial board (e.g. Complex Adaptive Systems Modeling -CASM, SpringerOpen), and contribution to research in projects and projects coordination (Social network of machines- SOON; Hybrid Medical Complex Systems -ComplexMediSys). I was the director of the center Advanced Computational Technologies – AdvCompTech in the frame of my university. At present, I am the director of the Center for Advanced Research in Information Technology from my university.

I would like much deeper involve myself in the life and activities of the CS-DC community.

My objectives:

* To involve junior and senior researchers from my university in activities regarding research and education. To motivate universities and research institutes from my country to contribute to CS-DC. I consider also universities and research institutes with that I have collaboration in the past.
* To PROPOSE the formation of a so-called doctoral and postdoctoral students group. In the case of doctoral and postdoctoral students probably in time more students would like to be involved in activities. In this framework, I suggest the organization yearly 3 times (from 4 to 4 months) workshops in that all the interested students could discuss, present their research and research in progress. With this occasion in the frame of workshops if there is interest could be established separate sessions with presentations also by B.Sc. and M.Sc. students.
* To PROPOSE the strengthening of the following research direction with the general topic: intelligent complex systems and machine intelligence measuring. One of the subtopic by interest will be complex systems approaches in medicine and healthcare. To be accomplishable this subject I propose in a first step the formation of a group of interested persons, after then the establishment of the functionality of the group, for example: discussions when are subjects that should be discussed etc.

==Elected members to the Executive Committee &amp; as (Deputy-)Presidents==


'''Jeffrey JOHNSON, Professor of Complexity Science and Design, The Open University, UK'''

I offer myself as a candidate both to be President and to the Executive Committee of  The UNESCO UniTwin Complex Systems Digital Campus (CS-DC) so that I can help to drive it forward to achieve it goals. 

I am particularly committed to our educational efforts. I have made four MOOCs on the FutureLearn Platform for CS-DC  ( https://www.futurelearn.com/partners/unesco-unitwin-complex-systems-digital-campus ): Global Systems Science (2015-16); Systems Thinking and Complexity (2017-18); First Steps in Data Science with Google Analytics (2018-19) and  COVID-19 - Pandemics, Modelling and Policy (2020). CS-DC has a great opportunity to become the global university providing interdisciplinary education for a better world.

I am also committed to our research mission with UNESCO towards the achieving the U.N. Sustainable Development Goals. My own research on representing the dynamics of complex multilevel systems is relevant to many of the research initiatives of CS-DC.

I have extensive experience working within the complex systems community. I have run various coordination actions supporting research programmes funded by the European Commission, I am a founder member and past president of the Complex Systems Society, and I am Deputy-President of the CS-DC. I believe this experience will enable me to make a significant contribution the CS-DC over the next three years.


'''Paul BOURGINE, present President of the UNESCO UniTwin CS-DC, Complex Systems Institute of Paris'''

I offer myself as a candidate both to be President and to the Executive Committee of  The UNESCO UniTwin Complex Systems Digital Campus (CS-DC).

If elected, my main commitment is to create the conditions for a self-organized development of our UniTwin UNESCO CS-DC as autonomous communities of communities. This self-similar development will be the case both for the two main branches the UniTwin branch of our institutional members and the global eCampus branches of our individual scientific members:
* for the UniTwin branch, the communities of communities are a territorial cascade with Smart Continents, smart countries, smart cities for their sustainable development according our flagship TIMES (Territorial Intelligence for Multilevel Equity and Sustainability). The roadmap is always the same, i.e. the cascade of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals and their 169 Targets: but their relative importance and coherence within this cascade vary from one territory to the others. The institutional members of the UniTwin branch have signed their agreement with the Cooperation Programme signed with UNESCO. In 2021, the CS-DC will ask for a cascade of agreements inside each institutional member, in order to have a &quot;one for all&quot; amplification within the other branch, the e-campus branch. 
* for the eCampus branch, the cascade of communities is along the refinement cascades when studying the theoretical and experimental challenges of complex systems. With Smart Continents'21, scientists are proposing their individual challenges that enact basic communities and communities of communities within the e-departments. In the &quot;all for one&quot; return, the roadmap of each university is the cascade of roadmaps within the eCampus where the University has at least one member. Furthermore each community can organise a monthly e-seminar or e-session in workshop as well as in CS-DC'21 for recorded advanced introductions. Such advanced introductions can be the basis for curriculum largely shared by the set of Universities having members in the  community cascade of the curriculum.

This &quot;accelerator of knowledge and knowhow one for all and all for one&quot; will first benefit to the student curriculum through the flagship POEM (Personalized Open Education for the Masses). This accelerator can be extended through the flagship POLE (Personalized Open Lifelong Education) for a lifelong education. This extended accelerator will be open to all, independently of previously achieved academic levels, respectful of the diversity of social and cultural environments and in a higher and higher inclusive way including refugees, migrants and primary people. genders, religions or ways of life.</text>
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      <text bytes="10350" sha1="ikcirhs1uso8i34z4dsruw3wxdv24hr" xml:space="preserve">This guide shows how to read the browsing history database created by the Mozilla Firefox web browser.
The title of this page can be understood as both &quot;browsing through the database&quot; and &quot;the database that contains the browsing history&quot;.

The database is named &lt;code&gt;places.sqlite&lt;/code&gt; and located in the [[Firefox#Profiles|profile folder]] and is in the SQL (''Structured Query Language'') 3 format. To facilitate using the commands, you may navigate to the profile folder directory, copy the database file into your working directory, or put the path to the database file in a variable.

== Simple searching ==
Some data can be viewed directly through text editors and command line tools, but they are inconveniently wrapped in a mess of non-human-readable binary data. 

When viewed through the command line simple checks for the existence of a title or URL can be performed using &lt;code&gt;grep -a -i -l &quot;string&quot; places.sqlite&lt;/code&gt; (parameters: search binary file, case insensitivity, list files only). Title searches can be performed using &lt;code&gt;grep -a -i -o -P &quot;.{30}string.{30}&quot; places.sqlite&lt;/code&gt;, where thirty characters around the string are also shown for context.

&lt;code&gt;grep -P &quot;[A-Za-z0-9/]&quot;&lt;/code&gt; can partially filter out junk characters for a &lt;code&gt;|less&lt;/code&gt; pipe. Additionally, &lt;code&gt;|sed -r &quot;s/http/\nhttp/g&quot;&lt;/code&gt; creates a line break before each URL.

== Listing the &quot;tables&quot; ==
First, we have to find the names of the &quot;tables&quot; that the database contains. These are the various areas within the database file that store parameters including the main history (&lt;code&gt;moz_places&lt;/code&gt;), bookmarks (&lt;code&gt;moz_bookmarks&lt;/code&gt;), favicons (&lt;code&gt;moz_favicons&lt;/code&gt;), and user-specified keywords (&lt;code&gt;moz_keywords&lt;/code&gt;).&lt;ref&gt;[https://renenyffenegger.ch/notes/development/web/browser/Firefox/profile-folder/places_sqlite/index ''renenyffenegger.ch'']&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://stackoverflow.com/questions/947215/how-to-get-a-list-of-column-names-on-sqlite3-database ''How to get a list of column names on Sqlite3 database?'' – StackOverflow.com]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sqlitetutorial.net/sqlite-tutorial/sqlite-show-tables/ ''SQLite Show Tables: Listing All Tables in a Database'' – SQLiteTutorial.net]&lt;/ref&gt; 

This can be done either directly, 

 sqlite3  places.sqlite .tables

…or within an ''sqlite3'' session.

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=sh&gt;
$ sqlite3 places.sqlite 
# […]
sqlite&gt; .tables
moz_anno_attributes    moz_favicons           moz_items_annos      
moz_annos              moz_historyvisits      moz_keywords         
moz_bookmarks          moz_hosts              moz_places           
moz_bookmarks_deleted  moz_inputhistory     
sqlite&gt; 
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

The tables may vary depending on the browser's version.&lt;ref&gt;[http://web.archive.org/web/20190902112616/http://www.forensicswiki.org/wiki/Mozilla_Firefox_3_History_File_Format Mozilla#Database_Tables Firefox 3 History File Format § Database Tables – Forensics Wiki (revision as of September 2011)]&lt;/ref&gt;

A list of columns within a table can be obtained through &lt;code&gt;pragma table_info&lt;/code&gt;, as shown here in this example:

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=sh&gt;
$ sqlite3 places.sqlite &quot;pragma table_info(moz_places)&quot;
0|id|INTEGER|0||1
1|url|LONGVARCHAR|0||0
2|title|LONGVARCHAR|0||0
3|rev_host|LONGVARCHAR|0||0
4|visit_count|INTEGER|0|0|0
5|hidden|INTEGER|1|0|0
6|typed|INTEGER|1|0|0
7|favicon_id|INTEGER|0||0
8|frecency|INTEGER|1|-1|0
9|last_visit_date|INTEGER|0||0
10|guid|TEXT|0||0

$ sqlite3 places.sqlite &quot;pragma table_info(moz_historyvisits)&quot;
0|id|INTEGER|0||1
1|from_visit|INTEGER|0||0
2|place_id|INTEGER|0||0
3|visit_date|INTEGER|0||0
4|visit_type|INTEGER|0||0
5|session|INTEGER|0||0
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

Since the default pipe character in the output could interfere with a command line interpreter's URL highlighting, which makes the selection of URLs less convenient, a custom separator character can be specified using &lt;code&gt;.separator&lt;/code&gt; in the &lt;code&gt;~/.sqliterc&lt;/code&gt; file to prevent this. For example, a space character is specified using &lt;code&gt;.separator &quot; &quot;&lt;/code&gt;. Create that file if it does not exist.&lt;ref&gt;[https://database.guide/change-separator-to-comma-in-sqlite-query-results/ Change the Separator to a Comma in SQLite Query Results (2020-04-13)]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Reading the data ==
Tables from the database can be read through the &lt;code&gt;SELECT&lt;/code&gt; operation, with table columns as a dot notation after table names. For example, the following command obtains time stamps and URLs.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://linuxconfig.org/sqlite-linux-tutorial-for-beginners |title=SQLite Linux Tutorial for Beginners |author=Dale Edmons |date=20 September 2021 |access-date=16 February 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=sh&gt;
sqlite3 places.sqlite &quot;SELECT datetime(moz_historyvisits.visit_date/1000000,'unixepoch'), moz_places.url,title FROM moz_places, moz_historyvisits WHERE moz_places.id = moz_historyvisits.place_id&quot; |sort |less -i
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

An example output line is:
&lt;pre&gt;
2012-04-15 15:56:56|http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CiuK01bf9X8|Die Pinguine aus Madagascar - Rico Intel Werbung (Operation Super Rico) - YouTube
&lt;/pre&gt;

With custom space separators:
&lt;pre&gt;
2012-04-15 15:56:56 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CiuK01bf9X8 Die Pinguine aus Madagascar - Rico Intel Werbung (Operation Super Rico) - YouTube
&lt;/pre&gt;

The &lt;code&gt;datetime(moz_historyvisits.visit_date/1000000,'unixepoch')&lt;/code&gt; part is responsible for converting the Unix epoch time written in the database into a human-readable date and time stamp such as &lt;code&gt;{{#time:Y-m-d H:i:s}}&lt;/code&gt;.

The &lt;code&gt;|sort&lt;/code&gt; pipe makes the entries appear chronologically. This can be desirable for exporting since the order the entries are written in the database is not exactly chronological. Alternatively, &lt;code&gt;ORDER BY visit_date&lt;/code&gt; can be used if natively supported by your ''sqlite'' instance:

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=sh&gt;
sqlite3 places.sqlite &quot;SELECT datetime(moz_historyvisits.visit_date/1000000,'unixepoch'), moz_places.url,title FROM moz_places, moz_historyvisits WHERE moz_places.id = moz_historyvisits.place_id ORDER BY visit_date&quot; |less -i
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

After &lt;code&gt;ORDER BY visit_date&lt;/code&gt;, sorting order can be specified using &lt;code&gt;ASC&lt;/code&gt; (ascending) or &lt;code&gt;DESC&lt;/code&gt; (descending).

Finally, the &lt;code&gt;|less&lt;/code&gt; pipe allows directly scrolling through the entries in the terminal software through [[:w:less (Unix)|the &quot;less&quot; utility]] which enables interactive bi-directional scrolling using the arrow keys and &lt;kbd&gt;pgUp&lt;/kbd&gt; and &lt;kbd&gt;pgDn&lt;/kbd&gt; and string searching using &quot;&lt;kbd&gt;/&lt;/kbd&gt;&quot; (slash). The &lt;code&gt;-i&lt;/code&gt; parameter makes string searching case-insensitive. Case-sensitivity can also be toggled within the utility by typing &lt;code&gt;-i&lt;/code&gt;.

Optionally, the history can be exported by redirecting the output into a text file by using &lt;code&gt; &gt;&gt;filename.txt&lt;/code&gt; instead of &lt;code&gt;|less&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://aurelieherbelot.net/web/read-firefox-history-linux-terminal/ |title=How to read your Firefox history from the terminal |author=Aurelie Herbelot |access-date=2022-02-15 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

This also allows viewing individual time stamps for repeated visits of the same page, since Firefox records a time stamp for each visit, whereas Google Chrome, while recording visit count, overwrites the previous timestamp, meaning only the most recent visit date/time is recorded by Chrome.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://stackoverflow.com/questions/45644269/chrome-history-possible-to-see-date-of-each-visit-restore-history-to-a-previ|title=Chrome History - possible to see date of each visit / restore history to a previous date?|website=Stack Overflow|access-date=2022-03-04}}&lt;/ref&gt; On Firefox, the former XUL-based extension &quot;Norwell history tools&quot; enabled viewing individual visit times too,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20181102045141/https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/norwell/|title=Norwell History Tools :: Add-ons for Firefox|date=2018-11-02|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2022-03-04}}&lt;/ref&gt; but XUL extensions are unsupported on Firefox versions 57 &quot;Quantum&quot; (November 2017) onward, and no known successor to the extension has been released since as of 2022.

The form history can be viewed using this SQL line:
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=sh&gt;
sqlite3 formhistory.sqlite &quot;SELECT datetime(lastUsed/1000000,'unixepoch'),fieldname,value FROM moz_formhistory ORDER BY lastUsed DESC&quot;; |less
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

=== Shortcut function ===
Opening the database file can be facilitated through a shortcut function:
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=sh&gt;
$ mozhist() { sqlite3 &quot;$1&quot; &quot;SELECT datetime(moz_historyvisits.visit_date/1000000,'unixepoch'), moz_places.url,title FROM moz_places, moz_historyvisits WHERE moz_places.id = moz_historyvisits.place_id ORDER BY visit_date&quot; |less -i; }
$ mozhist places.sqlite
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

To load this function automatically, add it to the &lt;code&gt;~/.bashrc&lt;/code&gt; file.

=== Raw data ===
To extract the raw data from the database in human-readable form, run &lt;code&gt;sqlite3 places.sqlite .dump |less&lt;/code&gt;. This can be helpful for performing simple title or URL searches (&lt;code&gt;|grep search_string&lt;/code&gt;), but not for dates, since they are not stored in a human-readable format in the database.

== Repairing a corrupted database ==
If Firefox happens to rename the &lt;code&gt;places.sqlite&lt;/code&gt; file to &lt;code&gt;places.sqlite.corrupt&lt;/code&gt;, it means it has detected an error whlist reading the database. To fix it, do the following after choosing the browser's profile folder as working directory:

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=sh&gt;
# rename to make place
mv places.sqlite places.sqlite.old 
mv places.sqlite.corrupt places.sqlite.corrupt.old

# create dump from corrupted data base
sqlite3 places.sqlite.corrupt.old &quot;.dump&quot; &gt;&gt;dump.sql 

# rebuild database from dump
sqlite3 places.sqlite &quot;.read dump.sql&quot; 
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

&lt;ref&gt;[https://itectec.com/superuser/how-to-repair-a-corrupted-firefox-places-sqlite-database/ Firefox – How to repair a corrupted Firefox places.sqlite database – iTecTec]&lt;/ref&gt;

This is not guaranteed to fix the problem, but it is worth a try.

== See also ==
* [[Chromium browsing history database]], for Google Chromium-based browsers, most popularly Google Chrome.

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

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      <comment>Jtneill moved page [[Wikiversity talk:Deletions/Archives/Archive 2]] to [[Wikiversity talk:Deletion policy/Archives/Archive 2]]: To be consistent with naming at Wikipedia, Wikibooks, Wikiquote etc.</comment>
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== Notability for articles solely about people and organizations ==

Notability wouldn't work for subject matters. Even allowing primary, secondary or tertiary sources to make a subject notable may not work, since a contributor is allowed to create variants or research that is not made in sources. Articles about people and organizations are different, since this is not directly related to teaching. What standards of notability should we set for people and organizations? Other articles should never be required to have a notability requisite. As an example, there are real subjects that don't get included in Wikipedia because they don't have 3 secondary sources (and sometimes they make even more demands than that). An organizational course or school that uses Wikiversity wouldn't fall in this category. - [[User:Sidelight12|Sidelight12]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:Sidelight12|Talk]]&lt;/sup&gt; 03:36, 9 September 2013 (UTC)

: I've never liked the notability criterion for anything. It's subjectivity pure and simple. --[[User:Marshallsumter|Marshallsumter]] ([[User talk:Marshallsumter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Marshallsumter|contribs]]) 04:07, 9 September 2013 (UTC)

::On Wikipedia it has been a hassle. Since they want to require an excess of secondary sources for something undoubtedly real, then keep ''making up'' standards simply, because they don't like something or want to stick with obsolete ideas. I can agree with no notability for subjects. People and organizations are different, there shouldn't be an article about everybody, or a local group only known to themselves. Allow primary and tertiary sources that are third party. It seems like a fine line between not letting in a scientific journal used in pubmed and allowing a group of people known to themselves to be as an article. To an extent it is subjectivity, there can be 20 secondary sources, and some ''moron'' would claim, &quot;well they're not really reliable sources.&quot; I understand how frustrating it is, on Wikipedia, to get into edit conflicts with agenda pushers/biased/narrow minded people, and people who want to delete anything they can. - [[User:Sidelight12|Sidelight12]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:Sidelight12|Talk]]&lt;/sup&gt; 04:31, 9 September 2013 (UTC)
:::Wikiversity is about learning resources, not about people and organizations. Reputable people and resources (medical journal, news source, famous scientist) can back up information written on here. - [[User:Sidelight12|Sidelight12]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:Sidelight12|Talk]]&lt;/sup&gt; 04:36, 9 September 2013 (UTC)

:::: I agree with Marshallsumter.  Notability is subjective.  I can envision a variety of articles about organizations and/or people that would meet educational objectives.  The masters degree program I completed was an IT degree, but we reviewed dozens of companies and industry leaders throughout the courses, and were required to write about many of them along the way.  That said, I do have an idea that I think would work if we want to go in this direction.  Rather than our own endless discussions on notable or not notable, we could use Wikipedia as a guide.  If an article exists as a Wikipedia entry (with some minimum longevity), it is accepted by definition as 'notable'.  If there is no corresponding Wikipedia entry, ''and there are objections to the article being in the main space as is'', the article is then either moved to user space or moved under an appropriate learning project.  This would address articles written as assignments, for example.  Howard Community College takes this type of approach for many of their assignments here on WV.  -- [[User:Dave Braunschweig|Dave Braunschweig]] ([[User talk:Dave Braunschweig|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dave Braunschweig|contribs]]) 19:30, 9 September 2013 (UTC)

:::::I realized if we used notability on Wikiversity, half of the important articles would be wiped out. Using Wikipedia as a guide would do this (wipe out half of wikiversity), and this could be realized by working on Wikipedia. Notability for subject matters is off the table.
:::::Perhaps notability should be used only for people, but allow primary, secondary, or tertiary sources of third parties also to establish this. Does anybody have any suggestions for organizations? Not include schools who use Wikiversity as a resource. - [[User:Sidelight12|Sidelight12]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:Sidelight12|Talk]]&lt;/sup&gt; 17:14, 10 September 2013 (UTC)

===About notability===
&quot;Notability is not required for resources that are not about people or organizations. Articles about people require at least 3 reliable third-party sources to make them notable. Notability for organizations is not as stringent as the requirement is for people. Really, Wikiversity is about learning and less about people and organizations.&quot;

Sidelight12 has suggested addition of the above, about notability. I think it should it be discussed here first to decide whether a notability requirement guideline is wanted. Notability hasn't previously been a criteria for Wikiversity. 

{{oppose}} Notability criteria isn't necessary for  Wikiversity. IMHO, basically if content is clearly related to Wikiversity's learning and education mission, then it should be accepted by Wikiversity, regardless of notability. 06:11, 14 September 2013 (UTC)

{{oppose}} for similar reasons.  I'd much rather see this as a category or location discussion (main space vs. user space or main space primary article vs. main space subpage article) than a criteria for deletion.  It's not just content that provides educational value, but also the creation of content that provides educational value.  A learning project could be very educational without being notable. -- [[User:Dave Braunschweig|Dave Braunschweig]] ([[User talk:Dave Braunschweig|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dave Braunschweig|contribs]]) 14:00, 14 September 2013 (UTC)

{{oppose}} See my comment in the section above. For original research, there may not be one ''notable'' person on the planet that has sufficient background to make any kind of comment or criticism about some of the subjects I perform this research on. Sometimes this research does include people or persons or is about people or persons. Their notability is irrelevant. But, the research may be life-saving! --[[User:Marshallsumter|Marshallsumter]] ([[User talk:Marshallsumter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Marshallsumter|contribs]]) 22:12, 14 September 2013 (UTC)

{{comment}} This is good. I don't feel strongly about this subject. I suggest: &quot;no notability for organizations, but they must be real organizations.&quot; I agree with no notability for subject resources, because the material can be created by the user. So, no notability for organizations and subject resources. - [[User:Sidelight12|Sidelight12]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:Sidelight12|Talk]]&lt;/sup&gt; 02:23, 15 September 2013 (UTC)

:I don't understand the restriction that organizations must be real organizations.  Most educational assignments in my field are based on hypothetical organizations.  See [[Wikipedia: List of fictional Microsoft companies]] for examples.  The focus should be on quality educational materials rather than notability or reality.  -- [[User:Dave Braunschweig|Dave Braunschweig]] ([[User talk:Dave Braunschweig|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dave Braunschweig|contribs]]) 14:05, 15 September 2013 (UTC)

::To prevent someone from writing an article about themselves, or a group that is only known to themselves. This might be ok to some extent in sub-pages, if its about person C's studies. Userpages are the place for articles solely about people though. I noticed someone trying to bring articles here about people who I didn't understand how this had value for Wikiversity, or what to make of this (it was self promotion, or someone wanting to put their names in stone); an admin deleted it. It was stuff like: so and so is a librarian and their biography, and person B works at this place. I just want a solid rule for that, group A's school friends, or team B of a classroom. An organization as a University's mandated group would be ok.

::For that particular Wikipedia page, a delete monger would have had that article in a deletion discussion if it was noticed by them, because it uses only Microsoft which is a primary source, and internet archives which wouldn't help its case (I will not interfere with that article, I am mentioning what I notice when trying to keep pages from deletion there). For Wikiversity, I'd say Microsoft (or the subject) is the anchor so it will stay here, so long as its educational or research. A hypothetical article about a comparison of people's studies or conditions would be ok. There is some gray-space because a page here can cover many subjects. But for the most part, I hope the subject or importance to anchor it. - [[User:Sidelight12|Sidelight12]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:Sidelight12|Talk]]&lt;/sup&gt; 20:15, 15 September 2013 (UTC)
::Organizations that use Wikiversity shouldn't be affected. I wish a namespace would be created for them. - [[User:Sidelight12|Sidelight12]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:Sidelight12|Talk]]&lt;/sup&gt; 20:18, 15 September 2013 (UTC)

{{support}} but not for the reasons why I have voted delete in recent RfDs. I feel people will use Wikiversity more if its information was more authoritative - when I first edited content pages here, I had to correct tons of wrong things that were just poorly written.--[[User:Jasper Deng|Jasper Deng]] ([[User talk:Jasper Deng|talk]]) 06:30, 15 September 2013 (UTC)

{{oppose}} The idea behind Jasper Deng's comment is of &quot;use&quot; of Wikiversity as a reference source. That interferes with its usage for research, study, &quot;learning by doing.&quot; Correcting errors is fine. But that is not the issue here: the issue is deletion of non-notable topics. Students in real classes in real schools write essays and papers about their personal experience, and the results of personal research. They express opinions, and in good education, they are trained to distinguish opinion from fact, i.e., conclusions from evidence. There is a lot of material on Wikiversity that I could consider &quot;garbage.&quot; It is intrinsic to our mission that this be tolerated, to a degree. We have procedures for cleaning it up: any user can fix an error, or balance it. Any user may tag for proposed deletion if it is considered that there is inadequate educational content or purpose to support continued hosting. And then any user may remove that tag. Most of the &quot;garbage&quot; is not being maintained. Nobody cares if it is deleted. -[[User:Abd|Abd]] ([[User talk:Abd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Abd|contribs]])  15:27, 18 August 2015

== Proposal section 90 days ==

&quot;Resources may be eligible for proposed deletion when activity ceases for 90 days or more, further development may be difficult, education objectives and learning outcomes are scarce, and objections to deletion are unlikely&quot; &lt;---This section is not practical. There are many good resources here that shouldn't get this excuse to be deleted, when editor activity may be low or the resource is completed. - [[User:Sidelight12|Sidelight12]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:Sidelight12|Talk]]&lt;/sup&gt; 03:40, 9 September 2013 (UTC)

: I agree! There are many that I wish to contribute to but time constraints prevent it. --[[User:Marshallsumter|Marshallsumter]] ([[User talk:Marshallsumter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Marshallsumter|contribs]]) 04:04, 9 September 2013 (UTC)

:: IMHO value should be based on quality and relevance of material to the Wikiversity mission, not whether it or not it has been edited recently. The 90 day guideline was introduced by [[User:Adambro]] in January 2012[https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity%3ADeletions&amp;diff=849448&amp;oldid=849422]. I would be in favour of removing this guideline (see also [[Template:Proposed deletion]]). -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:21, 9 September 2013 (UTC)

::: I guess I read it differently.  As a software developer, I see the 'and' in the statement and assume that all of the listed conditions must be true in order for the proposed deletion to apply.  Any content that is 'complete' should have  educational objectives and learning outcomes, immediately removing it from this option.  Likewise, content with quality and relevance would negate the 'objections to deletion are unlikely' clause and remove it from proposed deletion.  Are you all opposed to the concept entirely, or can the requirements be tweaked in order to make proposed deletion useful?  -- [[User:Dave Braunschweig|Dave Braunschweig]] ([[User talk:Dave Braunschweig|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dave Braunschweig|contribs]]) 19:06, 9 September 2013 (UTC)

::::This part &quot;education objectives and learning outcomes are scarce&quot; is obscure that people will interpret how they wish to delete. I see this on wikipedia, the meaning of the text is so obscure, that the meaning seems to change if you read it fast or slow, because of conflicting phrases. People will interpret it for their own pov pushing, or just say oh 90 days, delete, disregarding the rest of that sentence. It doesn't say if a subject is complete. If what you are saying is the case, the quote in question is very poorly worded, and encourages misinterpretation. - [[User:Sidelight12|Sidelight12]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:Sidelight12|Talk]]&lt;/sup&gt; 19:29, 9 September 2013 (UTC)

::: I, like Dave Braunchewign, interpret the proposed deletion as applying when all conditions are true, not when just some are met. I also agree with Jtneill that quality and relevance are valuable. I see the 90 days condition as way to give busy people time and some confidence that their good intentions will still be around for awhile without someone using the current conditions as an excuse to delete it immediately. --[[User:Darklama|&lt;span style=&quot;background:DarkSlateBlue;color:white;padding:2px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;dark&lt;/span&gt;]][[User talk:Darklama|&lt;span style=&quot;background:darkslategray;color:white;padding:2px;&quot;&gt;lama&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;]] 19:12, 29 October 2013 (UTC)

== Revision deletion policy ==

Recently revision deletion was used to hide an offensive racial epithet in an edit summary. The edit was totally inappropriate, it was spam. the epithet was a deliberately offensive comment aimed at a global sysop who helps out at Wikiversity. The editor who made the comment was properly blocked, by the global sysop. A local probationary custodian revision-deleted the edit summaries.

The edit summaries were not needed for any legitimate use here, but there is a problem with revision deletion. Generally, every administrative action here is transparent. If someone is blocked for making offensive comments, the comments can be seen by anyone in history. It is as if the whole wiki is a public place, with a public memory.

There are legal reasons for having revision deletion available as a tool, but it's one that can, sometimes, increase public distrust of the administrative body.

There is a policy on Wikipedia for revision deletion:

[[w:Wikipedia:Revision deletion]]

:''RevisionDelete was introduced for administrators in 2010. The community's endorsement of the tool included a very strong consensus that its potential to be abused should be strictly barred, prevented by the community, and written into the policy. Especially, RevisionDelete does not exist to remove &quot;ordinary&quot; offensive comments and incivility, or unwise choices of wording between users, nor to redact block log entries.''

:''Material must be grossly offensive, with little likelihood of significant dissent about its removal. Otherwise it should not be removed. Administrators should consult as usual if uncertain that a revision would be appropriate to redact.''

Now, because this editor was clearly a vandal, and was simply using the edit summary to insult the global sysop who had been reverting his vandalism and blocking his accounts, I do not raise this for this case, which is why I'm not providing diffs. I'm raising this because revision deletion is a dangerous tool. We have rarely used it. Sysops are trained to have thick skins. The sysop did not complain and request revision deletion. The offensive summary did not land on the sysop, but on the user who wrote it, who looks like a complete idiot, and a nasty person, to boot. Our deletion policy mentions revision deletion as a possibility, but provides no guidance.

When it is actually needed, revision deletion can be a bit of an emergency. Therefore a custodian should be empowered to act promptly. Except for repeat cases, I suggest that any usage of revision deletion here be noticed on [[WV:RCA|Request custodian action]] and the action requested is review by another sysop. This would not apply to repetitions of something already considered. The request should describe the removed material, in terms that can stand. I.e., here, I referred to it as an &quot;offensive racial epithet.&quot; My concern here is that the custodian, new to use of tools, used revision deletion without any apparent awareness of the need for restraint. It wasn't mentioned. --[[User:Abd|Abd]] ([[User talk:Abd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Abd|contribs]]) 23:57, 9 October 2013 (UTC)

{{support}}  -- [[User:Dave Braunschweig|Dave Braunschweig]] ([[User talk:Dave Braunschweig|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dave Braunschweig|contribs]]) 01:25, 10 October 2013 (UTC)
:{{oppose}} -- this is nonsense. the edit history was offensive. That needs no explanation for commenting it out. You should stop trying to dictate, while at the same time telling others not to use their custodial tools. - [[User:Sidelight12|Sidelight12]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:Sidelight12|Talk]]&lt;/sup&gt; 16:35, 31 October 2013 (UTC)

== [[Template:NowCommons]] ==

We have the following category for speedy deletion:
*Resources moved to another project due to scope, or files uploaded to Wikimedia commons with history intact and links fixed.

Files that are used here, it can be argued, should continue to be hosted here. If a file is copied to Commons, it is possible that the file is later deleted on Commons, because of issues that interfere with the strict Commons policy of only allowing free content with no restriction other than attribution. This has happened after years of being hosted there. Sometimes license issues are quite complex.

Then the Commons delinker will come and delete the local reference to the file. If the file has been deleted here, ordinary users cannot see the file here, and cannot determine if a fair use claim would be appropriate, in order to supply a non-free use rationale for usage here.

I see no value at all to deleting local files, in use here, merely because they are also on Commons. I also see a lot of files that are being copied to Commons that have no reasonable use elsewhere, but that's a Commons issue. Note that if a page here is edited or deleted, so that the file is not used here, these files could easily be deleted from Commons, and a user here cannot then restore the page as it was, without custodial action.

Deletion of files moved to Commons simply makes work for custodians and risks damage to resources here, producing nothing of value. We should remove this as a reason for speedy deletion. We can and should keep the NowCommons category, so that users who want to improve Commons do not waste time checking to see if the file is already on Commons.

(Some users, copying files to Commons, change the file name. That is contrary to Commons general policy, local file names should be kept if possible. Of course, sometimes there is a file conflict, but, then, a Commons file name could be chosen that is clearly connected with the original file name here.)

If there is no objection, I will remove the Commons speedy deletion reason. --[[User:Abd|Abd]] ([[User talk:Abd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Abd|contribs]]) 15:35, 5 March 2014 (UTC)

:Objection: &quot;Please propose and discuss before making significant changes to ensure your revisions reflect consensus.&quot; One advocate constitutes neither discussion nor consensus. [[User:TeleComNasSprVen|TeleComNasSprVen]] ([[User talk:TeleComNasSprVen|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TeleComNasSprVen|contribs]]) 11:30, 9 April 2014 (UTC)

== RFC: Amendment to criterion 2 solicitations ==

Or &quot;spamming&quot; as it is more commonly called on the bigger wikis. The amendment would read:
&lt;blockquote&gt;
2a. Indiscriminate advertising of a cross-wiki nature wherein the user shows no apparent interest with participating in Wikiversity's educational mission can also be considered solicitation.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
--[[User:TeleComNasSprVen|TeleComNasSprVen]] ([[User talk:TeleComNasSprVen|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TeleComNasSprVen|contribs]]) 11:02, 9 April 2014 (UTC)

:How about 'Indiscriminate edits of a cross-wiki nature wherein the user shows no apparent interest with participating in Wikiversity's educational mission may also be considered solicitation.' instead?  Indiscriminate edits is easier to define and quantify.  -- [[User:Dave Braunschweig|Dave Braunschweig]] ([[User talk:Dave Braunschweig|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dave Braunschweig|contribs]]) 12:27, 9 April 2014 (UTC)
::What is &quot;advertising&quot;? Indeed, what is &quot;indiscriminate&quot;? We are looking at an actual example, see [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion#User:Augusto De Luca]]. [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity:Requests_for_Deletion&amp;oldid=1174294#User:Augusto_De_Luca permanent link]. Further, we are looking at a user page, not mainspace resources. By the proposed rule (either wording), any user page of a user who has not edited Wikiversity otherwise (&quot;participating&quot;) and who does not explicitly state interest in participation, and who creates another user page with similar content elsewhere, becomes eligible for speedy deletion.
::What would be allowed individually, on each wiki, becomes disallowed by being repeated? If this were ordinary content, added at high rate, it's understandable. It's not. It is a ''user page.'' The existing controversy is only over a user page. '''''If the proposed policy is about pages other than the top-level user page, yes.''''' We could use this clarification of policy. The top-level user page should be excepted. It is speediable if it, ''by itself,'' is recognizable as spam. &quot;Cross-wiki&quot; for it, is irrelevant. As a content page, say in mainspace, yes, such creations would very likely be &quot;spam,&quot; with few exceptions.
::Creating a user page is not &quot;indiscriminate.&quot; It is targeted. There is a move afoot to effectively automatically create user pages cross-wiki, on all the wikis, see [[meta:UserWiki]].
::Does the proposal suggest that we review the cross-wiki status of a user before welcoming them?
::How is &quot;no apparent interest&quot; determined? Registering an account here and creating a user page is an indication of ''some level of interest.'' What has actually happened is that cross-wiki spam fighters have ''inferred'' a promotional interest, and then it is assumed that if there is a promotional interest, there is no participational interest. But a user page with no participation is not terribly effective as promotion. It will be seen when created and then never again, unless someone is already looking for it, in which case the &quot;promotion&quot; is irrelevant.
::It's a can of worms, guaranteed, over time, to cause a certain level of disruption, with no gain as to our &quot;educational mission.&quot; We gain nothing by &quot;preventing promotion&quot; on this level. Users routinely link to photos of themselves, or other photos they have taken, hosted on Commons or here.
::''spamming as it is called on the bigger wikis.'' Try to find the policy covering that on en.wikipedia. Cross-wiki spam is handled at the meta level, by a small, rather closed group of administrators, who are not working with a defined policy. It's &quot;spam&quot; if they say so. Users are locked and sites are blacklisted, sometimes, without discussion, and they get away with this because they are ''usually handling actual spam.'' Usually their actions cause no harm. The exceptions can be doozies.
::Defining spam isn't necessarily easy. However, what happens is that the cross-wiki antispammers become mind-readers, assuming that because something resembles spam in some way, it's spam. That's confusing a symptom of a thing with the reality of it. If I receive an email that is not offensive, that in some way relates to my interests, that is connected with them, I don't think of it as spam, even if it was sent to many people. Reviewing the cross-wiki situation with Augusto De Luca, it's likely that only a very few local administrators considered this &quot;spam&quot; independently. I have found evidence for maybe one, out of 557 instances. When tagged with &quot;cross-wiki spam, see CA&quot; quite a few more deleted the user pages, but most deletions were done directly by a global sysop and two stewards. There are now two discussions of the user pages. So far no deletions from discussion have occurred, but the argument &quot;no intention to work locally&quot; does have legs.
::It is obvious that this user did not intend to work on content locally in all 557 wikis. But it's highly likely that he intended to work where the occasion arose. Communication with him has been cut off by the global lock, because he cannot enable email, so he cannot set up watchlist and user talk page notification. That would have taken him quite a bit more time than what he did, and he was locked before he had the chance.
::The antispam effort is preventing participation, whereas our overall policy is to encourage it. Spam should be strictly defined. Antispammers may certainly make exceptions for the protection of the wiki, but they develop an agenda of &quot;preventing promotion,&quot; when, in fact, promotion is not contrary to policy, if it is not what is called &quot;excessive&quot; on Wikipedia, referring to user pages. If this user posted his photos all over the wiki, at a high rate, not on his user page -- one page per wiki! -- I'd have no trouble calling that spam. At a low rate, and if they are appropriate, not spam but participation. Even if there is a promotional intent. --[[User:Abd|Abd]] ([[User talk:Abd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Abd|contribs]]) 14:52, 9 April 2014 (UTC)

:::Your opposition to this effort is well-noted.  Is there language you can propose that you find acceptable and that would address the situation?  -- [[User:Dave Braunschweig|Dave Braunschweig]] ([[User talk:Dave Braunschweig|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dave Braunschweig|contribs]]) 16:25, 9 April 2014 (UTC)
::::I'm not &quot;opposed to this effort,&quot; and, in fact, I support it. In what I bolded above, I suggest a small modification, plus I'd be happier with clearer definitions. What I see is that the existing criteria (1 and 2) are adequate for most purposes. What is being suggested is actual practice, which is that some edits which would be tolerated here, otherwise, are handled as spam because of being cross-wiki. That is only for marginal cases, in fact. This is what I find remarkable about this effort. As the amendment is stated now, it still does not clearly indicate that the user page would be speedy deletable, or not. It remains ambiguous, depending on discerning intent, i.e., mind-reading.
::::I think we need to look carefully at something missing from the speedy deletion criteria. We routinely allow lots of pages in user space that are not allowed elsewhere, and one criterion (sandbox other than the site Sandbox) explicitly allows in user space what is disallowed elsewhere. The criteria are generally written assuming that the pages are in mainspace or namespaces other than user space. A user page is an exception, and, I'll repeat, if the speedy deletion criteria are amended as proposed, and interpreted to apply to [[User:Augusto De Luca]], we are specifically prohibiting users from creating accounts on all wikis unless they have demonstrated participation or explicit participatory purpose here. We are creating a difficult-to-enforce speedy deletion criterion.
::::I think it's important to recognize that there is ''almost'' consensus here.
::::*Clear spam (visible from the edit itself) is deleted or reverted on sight. As to reversion, that's easily fixed and is transparent. Page deletion is not, and thus requires extra care.
::::*If a user page is clearly only being created to set up spamming, perhaps to make it seem more acceptable (user not redlinked in Recent Changes), then we agree on deletion. There was an example recently, where I did challenge the speedy deletion tag on a user page. When the tagging user disputed that, and I looked more closely at the page, the user was almost certainly lying about &quot;herself,&quot; and the behavior clearly resembled known spammer behavior, so I agreed with deletion. &quot;Spambot&quot; was asserted, but that's actually irrelevant. Spammers may manually do these actions, and this wasn't massively cross-wiki. The behavior was really the same whether a bot was involved or not.
::::*We appreciate notice of what is considered cross-wiki spamming, by cross-wiki antispammers.
::::So, I propose clarifying the policy to allow consideration of &quot;cross-wiki&quot; behavior in speedy deletion criteria. However, at the same time, I propose that an exception for the top-level user page be carved out. User pages are often promotional in some way, or interpretable as such. That's why Wikipedia doesn't prohibit such promotion.
::::Deletion of a user page, possibly created in good faith by the user, believing that this was not contrary to policy, and seeing many user pages cross-wiki that resemble the page the user is creating, is about the most unwelcoming thing we could do, aside from blocking and locking. If the user page is excessively promotional, in our judgment, any one of us may trim it back. In the Augusto case, trimming it back would be silly. It was already slim. If someone starts a wiki project and wants participation, and puts a notice on their user page, cross-wiki, is that &quot;spam&quot;? In this case, there is an ''image project,'' a collection of photos available for use on Commons. While the utility is limited, so too was the impact of the &quot;notice,&quot; i.e, only on the user pages, one per wiki. That is about as minimal as could be imagined. --[[User:Abd|Abd]] ([[User talk:Abd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Abd|contribs]]) 18:57, 9 April 2014 (UTC)
@[[User:Dave Braunschweig|Dave Braunschweig]]: I could definitely go with that formulation. My concern is that we risk targeting the global work of the members of the [[meta:Small Wiki Monitoring Team|Small Wiki Monitoring Team]] as collateral damage, who may use the [[mediawikiwiki:OAuth|OAuth]] protocol to create multiple pages of their own on various wikis. Though perhaps one could substantially argue that their participation in global anti-vandalism/anti-spam is inherently productive towards Wikiversity's educational mission, in that their activity protects the website from unsavory interests. [[User:TeleComNasSprVen|TeleComNasSprVen]] ([[User talk:TeleComNasSprVen|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TeleComNasSprVen|contribs]]) 15:54, 9 April 2014 (UTC)

:Well, one might argue that either the Small Wiki Monitoring Team members are active editors / vandal cleaners here, or they are violating the same 'policy' that led to this discussion.  If they have other edits on behalf of the community, it shouldn't be an issue, at least from my perspective.  -- [[User:Dave Braunschweig|Dave Braunschweig]] ([[User talk:Dave Braunschweig|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dave Braunschweig|contribs]]) 16:25, 9 April 2014 (UTC)

: I think what matters is the question/test whether anyone could reasonably implement concrete improvements to solicited works to solve specific problems with the solicited work, or if its only something the person who submitted the work could resolve. I think the question/test is even simpler with user space because in general only one person is considered responsible for maintaining a user space. I think that could help address the &quot;[[w:No true Scotsman|No true Scotsman]]&quot; problem that Dave Braunschweig pointed out, and perhaps help solve the potential for [[w:Begging the question|begging the question]] too. --[[User:Darklama|&lt;span style=&quot;background:DarkSlateBlue;color:white;padding:2px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;dark&lt;/span&gt;]][[User talk:Darklama|&lt;span style=&quot;background:darkslategray;color:white;padding:2px;&quot;&gt;lama&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;]] 14:36, 19 April 2014 (UTC)

===Speedy deletion criteria only apply to &quot;resources&quot;===
That's explicit on the policy page.

That's mainspace, or can be interpreted also as topic, school, and file space. Yes, some of the criteria do obviously apply to user space. But the user page has never been required to have an &quot;educational purpose&quot; other than, perhaps, introducing the user to the community. And the instant case did exactly that, introduced the user, with minimal fuss.

If we want to extend speedy deletion criteria into user space, in particular, and to be clear, we need different standards. RFDs for user space files are rare, and we often avoid deletion of pages by pushing them into user space. If we overextend the criteria, it backfires by creating contested speedy deletions; the general policy on speedy deletion is that any registered user may contest the deletion, making proposed deletion or RFD necessary. The point of speedy deletion is to avoid that. (IP users may also contest it, but might commonly be reverted, as a matter of practice, not policy.)

In the case we have in front of us, &quot;cross-wiki spam&quot; was interpreted, at first, as allowing speedy deletion (and later it was realized that the criteria don't allow that.) We are proposing, and I agree, that cross-wiki behavior can be relevant for many page deletions, and this is actual practice. If this is used to delete non-disruptive user pages, however, with ''possible legitimate intent,'' we may see what actually happened here. The page was deleted, I saw the discussion and looked at the cross-wiki behavior, which showed me the likely page content, so I requested undeletion for review. We are already getting up to more work than the loss that would be involved in simply leaving the page alone. The page was (properly) undeleted, but the custodian then started the RFD. That is taking us way outside the work we will normally devote to &quot;spam.&quot; Had this been ''actual spam,'' the RFD would have been unnecessary. I'd have seen the file and speedy-tagged it myself. Or it could have been prodded. Instead we got a train wreck.

So we need a clear criterion to follow, so that we all know what the community consensus is likely to be. I'm suggesting an approach that fully respects the work that antispammers do, and only looks at a marginal case, alleged &quot;self promotion&quot; that is cross-wiki. We have done a lot of work to establish Wikiversity as a safe place, a refuge, if you will. We have allowed users to edit here even if locked elsewhere (by facilitating an acknowledged sock, or by a device that used to work for delinking a local account from the global one). If users behave and are not disruptive here, we don't sanction them for what they have done elsewhere. --[[User:Abd|Abd]] ([[User talk:Abd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Abd|contribs]]) 19:19, 9 April 2014 (UTC)

== User pages ==

Wikiversity has developed a strong tradition of allowing essays, original research, and other kinds of personal content, opinion, etc., in user space, or as explicit attributed essays in resource subspace. When content is allegedly non-neutral, it has been widely accepted to handle this by pushing controversial material to subspace, attributed, or to user space, and this may be done by any user, it does not require a custodian.

Almost all users who see their resource moved to user space do not object, thus this is far less disruptive than a deletion request, and often such requests result in moving to user space anyway, either as a close, or actually done before close and accepted. A resource in user space may be improved, at the discretion of the user, and then may be moved back to mainspace (which will ordinarily take custodian intervention if it is moved back to the same page name).

Personal essays as mainspace resources can cause harm to Wikiversity. Such essays may represent fringe positions, idiosyncratic opinions, and are often not neutrally presented. By identifying this as attributed essays, harm is prevented. Several users have worked for a long time, now, moving essays out of top-level mainspace, and this work is only rarely disruptive.

It's time to formally state in the draft policy that personally-authored user pages are not to be deleted unless it is truly necessary to hide the content. Recognizing this is not an open door to spam. Rather, genuine page creation spam has no redeeming qualities. Most spam here is the addition of external links, and those are remedied by blanking the links. If a user page is ''intrinsically damaging or harmful,'' it should be deleted, and almost always this can be handled with a speedy deletion tag.

If content is harmful, but the page itself is not, the harmful content can be removed, and even revision-deleted if necessary. (Content requiring revision deletion is ordinarily handled, where appropriate, by off-wiki communication, because making a revision deletion request on-wiki calls attention to the harmful content, and may thus cause additional harm.)

We simplify a whole series of historically disruptive situations (&quot;disruption&quot; occurs when a process is controversial and contentious discussion occurs) by establishing in policy that, absent clear harm, user pages are not to be deleted. If the tradition is then strong that pages that are problematic (don't belong in mainspace, or consensus for that is absent) are moved to user space (either of the creator or a user willing to &quot;adopt&quot; the page), we have eliminated a major cause of disruptive deletion discussions, and almost all highly controversial discussions on Wikiversity have been such. --[[User:Abd|Abd]] ([[User talk:Abd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Abd|contribs]]) 15:39, 18 April 2014 (UTC)

===Proposed addition===
-------------
Absent clear harm from keeping a page -- as distinct from removing or editing harmful content -- (in which case a custodian will ordinarily speedy delete the page) -- pages in user space are not to be deleted. Most standards for Wikiversity content do not apply to user space.

Moving to user space is then a possible and easy solution to most page problems that would otherwise require deletion.

Exceptions are blatant spam (not merely &quot;self-promotion&quot;) with no possibly useful content in history and no reasonable possibility of such, pages where the page name itself is grossly offensive and uncivil, and clear and blatant copyright violation (where a &quot;fair use&quot; claim is not possible), and privacy policy violations where page deletion is necessary as distinct from revision deletion.
-------------
Please discuss. --[[User:Abd|Abd]] ([[User talk:Abd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Abd|contribs]]) 15:39, 18 April 2014 (UTC)

* No, because ultimately your userpage does not belong to you, it belongs to the Wikimedia Foundation and they have the right to decide what they want to do with it. Wikiversity is not your webhost; there are often other sites to host your content, such as say WikipediaReview or a Wordpress blog. And &quot;clear harm&quot; is a vague, non-concrete standard, that's open to varying interpretations by many different people, and is not so easily discernible; as evidenced on the deletion requests page, what is &quot;clear harm&quot; or &quot;cross-wiki spam&quot; to some may not be &quot;clear harm&quot; to others. I'm sorry but this seems like an attempt to circumvent the consensus found at the RFD page. [[User:TeleComNasSprVen|TeleComNasSprVen]] ([[User talk:TeleComNasSprVen|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TeleComNasSprVen|contribs]]) 04:34, 19 April 2014 (UTC)
::What is proposed as policy has been our actual practice for some time, for the most part. There is, indeed, a conflict of visions here. If content has ''potential educational value,'' even if minimal, we routinely do not delete it. We ordinarily do not allow users to edit the user pages of others, '''absent clear harm.''' I don't need Wikiversity to host &quot;my&quot; content. Free web space is easy to obtain. For me, the question is whether or not content created here will be safe from transient, ad-hoc, and unexpected deletion. The question is whether or not we will stand as censors: &quot;you may say ''this'' on your user page, not ''that.''&quot; You may create a user page on every wiki, &quot;best place to reach me, [wiki]User talk[name],&quot; but not place a photo stably hosted on Commons, which then, through &quot;what links here&quot; points to articles.
::I had been moving toward inviting scientists and others to contribute there. They are suspicious of wikis, based on what they have seen on Wikipedia. When I see arbitrary deletion, and train wrecks of discussion over an RFD that could not possibly improve this wiki, but only harm it, I realize that maybe they are right. Wikiversity is, perhaps, unreliable.
* No, harm is a highly critical and volatile standard that is likely to cause more harm. I think offering specific solutions that participants can learn from to implement concrete solutions works much better. I think most standards for Wikiversity content do or should apply to user space. I think the only exceptions are about what additional things the Wikiversity community decides to allow participants to do in user space that is felt may not be appropriate to include in other namespaces. --[[User:Darklama|&lt;span style=&quot;background:DarkSlateBlue;color:white;padding:2px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;dark&lt;/span&gt;]][[User talk:Darklama|&lt;span style=&quot;background:darkslategray;color:white;padding:2px;&quot;&gt;lama&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;]] 12:25, 19 April 2014 (UTC)
::For a long time, the development of policy has been hindered by mostly-absent administrators who show up to preserve their freedom to do whatever they please, who act to block anyone who questions this, and as long as this prevails, even if it is inactive and only present, most of the time, in the background, Wikiversity cannot be stable. What I described in the proposed policy is what we have actually been doing, while those who have just shown up were doing something else.
::Attempts were made, over two years ago, to codify recusal policy, and, as well, how to make exceptions, to act under IAR, outside of policy. It was stopped, resisted, and ignored. Indeed, policy receded, what had been considered policy for years was demoted to proposed policy, based on a technicality, not on substance. JWSchmidt was right. There was a hostile takeover of Wikiversity, through a mechanism that is quite natural to wikis, if not recognized and handled. The proposal here of avoiding deletion was part of the founding vision of Wikiversity.
::There is another alternative to deletion which isn't mentioned: blanking. If a page is blanked, the content is still visible on history. Later, anyone, seeing that content, may restore it -- or propose restoration.
::If people are offended by someone &quot;using Wikiversity as a web host,&quot; first of all, if this is spam, we will continue to delete it, it's speediable. If it is not spam, but, say, personal biographical material, we routinely allow it. But if it is excessive -- I can't think of an example in actual practice, so this would be rare -- we could blank it. Blanking was proposed for Wikipedia, see [[w:WP:PWD]]. Google doesn't pick up content from history. It could have avoided the massive inclusionist/deletionist wars. Blanking can be done by any user, and if revert warring develops over it, then a discussion may be necessary. Blanked pages may be protected, requiring custodial intervention to add content. But the history remains accessible to the user and others.
::I am not proposing &quot;high freedom&quot; in mainspace. Deletion policy, quite simply, must be different for mainspace and for user space, and that's obviously our practice, we routinely avoid deleting fringe or marginal educational resources by moving them to user space. If mainspace content policy applies to user space, that would be useless.
::So if user space content is to be deleted, we need to warn users, so that users do not waste time creating what may readily be deleted. This function of policy -- creating predictability -- has been widely ignored in favor of a view of policy that is about &quot;controlling behavior.&quot;
::I hope we can come to consensus here, because if we cannot, Community Review remains, reviewable issues have been piling up. I see the future of Wikiversity as being at stake. With certain basic policies in place, the rest can be worked out, safely. Without them, Wikiversity remains unsafe. --[[User:Abd|Abd]] ([[User talk:Abd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Abd|contribs]]) 14:34, 19 April 2014 (UTC)

* No, to me it goes back to [[Wikiversity:Mission|mission]].  The difference between user space and other spaces is an assumption that the learning is personal.  I have a very liberal view on what constitutes learning, but I'm not prepared to state we don't delete user pages, or to state that the way to avoid deletion is to move content to user space.  Legitimate learning should be valid in either main space (likely as subpages) or in user space, depending on target audience.  But if it doesn't support the mission of Wikiversity for either the user or other users, a page may be deleted.  -- [[User:Dave Braunschweig|Dave Braunschweig]] ([[User talk:Dave Braunschweig|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dave Braunschweig|contribs]]) 15:03, 19 April 2014 (UTC)
:::Thanks, Dave. Your idea is ''almost'' what I would propose, and the difference is about the excluded middle, and about how difficult decisions can become in the middle, and thus how contentious the decisions, how much time they can waste. The time is well spent if the content is clearly harmful, but if it is clearly harmful, the page is ordinarily speediable, and if someone removes a speedy deletion tag for clearly harmful content, that's sanctionable -- or should be -- though we should generally assume good faith.
:::My concern is not only the safety of Wikiversity for users, but also the practicality of custodial decisions, such that such decisions clearly represent consensus -- and where they do not, or arguably do not -- to provide guidance for custodians seeking to serve consensus. If a custodial decision is marginal, a good custodian will know how to consult the community, and will do so actively.
:::A standard of &quot;lack of educational objectives&quot; is often very simple and clear, in mainspace. It is ''not even required,'' routinely, in user space, and particularly on the user page. A user may routinely place an image or quotation there, or a link to their own personal web site (that's controversial, it is only allowed, generally, for active users, otherwise it can be considered spamming the site). A user creating a massive unrelated structure in user space might well be questioned. We would not delete it without notice, though, again, unless it's a new user and this is all they have done.
:::The real policy, i.e., what we actually do, is work to document. It seems easier to sit back and deal with each case as it arises, but, then, the actions can be other than what consensus would actually support, and they can be unpredictable to users not intimately familiar with the wiki history and practices.
:::Yet there are deletion discussions that raise similar issues, and that have for years, where the outcome is relatively predictable. Those waste time and custodial attention. We save time if we clarify policy.
:::Move to user space (or maintenance there) is not proposed as &quot;the way.&quot; It is &quot;a way&quot; to avoid deletion, one that, as you know, we often use. The founders of Wikiversity were highly liberal as to what was allowed in mainspace. We are still cleaning up the resulting mess. However, the highly inclusive ''intention'' of the founders may be maintained, through two devices: user space and mainspace essays, often moved to subspace because of site neutrality issues. We use both.
:::No policy is being proposed that we &quot;don't delete user pages.&quot; That would be far too rigid. However, what is being proposed is that policy ''discourage'' deletion of user pages, ''absent harm.'' Obviously, people may differ on what is harm, and as examples arise, policy may be clarified. (Wikipedia has a user page guideline, [[w:WP:User pages]], which ''allows'' the kinds of pages currently being questioned here.) I could list some kinds of harm, and some of this was highly contentious in the past, and could become so in the future. We tend to avoid development of policy until we have a train wreck, and even then, we prefer to throw the book at whom we perceive to be the engineer, instead of developing and providing community guidance. We fear that policy will be over-rigid, and will prevent us from doing what the welfare of the wiki might require.
:::I've mentioned, in a recent deletion discussion, &quot;violation of policy&quot; by a steward. It's been assumed that I mean &quot;wrong.&quot; No, a violation of policy shows some sort of inconsistency, but it could just as easily be showing a deficiency in policy as in the steward. It is only that when something is not prohibited in policy, I'd suggest, a user should not be sanctioned for it, unless the harm should have been ''crystal clear,'' but might well be warned, and sanctioned if the user goes ahead and insists in spite of warning, and absent discussion. Even when a thing is prohibited by policy, we will generally warn, so warning instead of sanction is even more appropriate if there is no policy violation by the user. --[[User:Abd|Abd]] ([[User talk:Abd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Abd|contribs]]) 16:46, 19 April 2014 (UTC)

::::Above it states 'pages in user space are not to be deleted', so that is the current proposal.  If that's not what you are proposing, please propose something else.
::::I'm not yet convinced policy needs to change here on behalf of saving user pages.  We might clarify that user pages are specific to learning about or for a given user, and that may involve unstated learning objectives.  And as you point out, that learning may be the act of creation rather than the content itself.  But user pages still need to support learning.
::::Separately, it seems to me that you are mixing issues.  There is nothing about the current RFD that can be solved by changing deletion policy in favor of saving user pages, because the page in question already does not violate local policy.  The problem with the page is the scope of combined edits in relation to the overall Wikimedia project, and the perceived benefit to the entire project as a whole.  When a user's edits impact a significant number of wikis (and whatever percentage is chosen to be significant, it is way less than 557), the edits must be taken as a whole rather than evaluated on individual merits.  The page in question should be deleted simply because of the combined impact on the overall project.  However, the user would be welcome to come back and recreate the exact same page here alone, once the user indicates they understand the implications of their actions.  But because the user is globally locked, this is a debate for meta, not a debate for Wikiversity.
::::I think we should clarify policy in that pages may be speedy deleted (any pages, user, main, or other) if the creation of those pages resulted in a global lock or block of the user.  This would move the debate for the user to meta, where it belongs.  This would also allow us to support global sysops, stewards, etc.  It does not prevent the user from going to meta to state their case, and does not prevent any user, such as yourself, from following up at meta on the user's behalf.  If the appeals are successful, the user may request undeletion under normal procedures.  -- [[User:Dave Braunschweig|Dave Braunschweig]] ([[User talk:Dave Braunschweig|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dave Braunschweig|contribs]]) 18:07, 19 April 2014 (UTC)
::::Dave, I'm surprised. You &quot;Except for A, we should not B,&quot; with &quot;We should not B.&quot; There would, in fact, be additional exceptions. I wrote &quot;Absent clear harm,&quot; which is a catch-all. Another exception would obviously be user request.
::::You are presenting this as a change in policy. It's not. We don't have a policy, Dave. We have a proposed policy, and we have actual practice for years. The actual practice has been ''for the most part'' what is now proposed for the proposed policy.
::::As to the rest, I can hardly express how disappointed I am. So I'm going to stop. I will maintain work on certain specific resources of interest to me, but I'm now convinced that Wikiversity is not into positive stability as to safety. It merely appeared so for a time.  --[[User:Abd|Abd]] ([[User talk:Abd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Abd|contribs]]) 21:14, 19 April 2014 (UTC) 
{{collapse top|about the example currently under discussion}}
:::With regard to the page currently under discussion, the user went to very substantial work, over three days, -- this was ''not'' a bot -- creating a user page like ours on most WMF wikis. That was not prohibited by policy. Our own practice here would have allowed the page, and many local administrators removed, without fuss, the speedy deletion tag. Many more would have done so, I suspect, had more pages been tagged instead of simply being deleted by the global sysop or stewards. Most of those fewer pages locally deleted simply repeated the deletion tag, i.e, &quot;cross-wiki spambot, see CA.&quot; The decision to delete those pages, instead of simply leaving them and watching the user, to ascertain intention, created a great deal of work, all done without discussion and on-wiki consensus (it is obvious the antispammers communicate off-wiki). The antispammers complain about how much work it is, yet, in a few cases, they ''create the work.'' Setting up a title blacklist to stop the page creations took very little work for Vituzzu. Globally locking that account was trivial, and reasonable given how it was appearing to him. However, beyond that, it was all unnecessary and very much outside what stewards ordinarily do.
:::A belief that &quot;promotion&quot; is evil and ''must be punished'' easily arises among antispammers, I've seen this for years. The protective function (necessary!) is lost in favor of a punitive model, as if punishing one &quot;spammer&quot; will deter others who don't know about the one punished. If we left those pages untouched, why, spammers would pour into to take advantage of the &quot;loophole!&quot; We would be overrun with spam! Yet, in fact, only the naivete of Augusto De Luca caused the reaction. A true SEO &quot;paid editor&quot; of any skill would never have done this. &quot;Paid editing&quot; is a huge problem for the Wikipedias, and this hysteria is a distraction from addressing it. The truly problematic paid editing would never advertise itself as Augusto did himself. Sitting with the data for two weeks, my conclusion is that his intention was to open up communication, cross-wiki. He didn't know how to do that, in fact; had he known, he would have set up email notification on his home wiki, it.wikipedia. Nobody advised him, so far. And he can't fix it because of the global lock. I know how to advise him, given my experience with &quot;globally banned users,&quot; and will eventually be able to reach him, I'm pretty sure of that, as long as his health permits. For someone supposedly &quot;promoting&quot; his work for profit, he's not easy to reach! 
{{collapse bottom}}
:::We need a user page policy, to guide users, custodians, and those who might think of deleting user pages. What kinds are speediable, what kinds are worth proposing deletion for, and what kinds would require a deletion discussion? what kinds of proposals would just waste time? What are legitimate arguments for deletion and what are not? Etc. --[[User:Abd|Abd]] ([[User talk:Abd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Abd|contribs]]) 16:46, 19 April 2014 (UTC)
*: I agree most legitimate educational resources should be appropriate for either main or user space. I think one exception is where the target audience is one person then the resource belongs in user space. I think we should only be prepared to state user pages will be kept when they are resources with an educational objective that supports the Wikiversity mission, whether the objectives are personal or not. I think we should also encourage participants to move non-personal educational objectives out of user space. --[[User:Darklama|&lt;span style=&quot;background:DarkSlateBlue;color:white;padding:2px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;dark&lt;/span&gt;]][[User talk:Darklama|&lt;span style=&quot;background:darkslategray;color:white;padding:2px;&quot;&gt;lama&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;]] 15:22, 19 April 2014 (UTC)
::*We are not discussing &quot;most legitimate educational resources.&quot; It is not controversial that a user may create a &quot;legitimate educational resource&quot; in their user space. &quot;Target audience&quot; is a red herring. Yes, if the only intended reader or user is the author, user space is appropriate. Then, who judges if the user's purpose is educational or not? I'm suggesting that, ''absent harm,'' the user himself or herself is the judge. It's their user space they are cluttering up, if they are, with useless pages. If someone abuses the proposed freedom, we can address that. (It's important to realize that this ''is'' our actual condition, we do not routinely interfere in user space.)
::*We have not proposed a policy that says &quot;user pages will be kept.&quot; Rather, the proposed policy says that &quot;absent harm,&quot; they will ''routinely'' be kept. We tend to have these discussions in the abstract, without any actual cases. Common law is built from cases, but our discussions tend to focus on abstractions and people may have entirely different cases in mind, it's a formula for continued disagreement.
::*So, case in point. A user was creating pages, here and cross-wiki, considered &quot;vandalism,&quot; because they appeared to be nonsense. The user did this here. I recognized that this &quot;nonsense&quot; was what would be normal for a very young user. And I mean ''very young.'' So, instead of deleting these pages -- I was a custodian at the time -- I moved them to his user space, and encouraged him to work on them, whatever he wanted (as long as it wasn't harmful). I was following what I have proposed as policy. Scribbles, effectively, on a page, fantasy, all that, ''were teaching him how to write and how to use wikitext,'' and he learned, also, how to avoid being disruptive -- i.e., to create new pages, not appropriate as Wikiversity learning resources in mainspace -- in his user space. It worked. He learned by doing. He stopped the cross-wiki vandalism. The approach being followed elsewhere was training him to reboot his modem. I have no doubt that he would have figured out &quot;open proxies&quot; soon enough. My suspicion is that a fair amount of cross-wiki vandalism is simply very young users. Treating them as the enemy trains them to be enemies.
::*Very easily, it could have been said -- I think it ''was'' said -- &quot;no educational objectives.&quot; Yet in school, an essay on what he did over the summer, or a fantasy about this or that, would be allowed as learning about how to write. I still watch this user, and, for his age, he is astonishingly literate. He didn't start that way, though he was definitely precocious. --[[User:Abd|Abd]] ([[User talk:Abd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Abd|contribs]]) 17:16, 19 April 2014 (UTC)

=== Alternative Proposal ===
I propose the addition of the following speedy deletion criteria:
:15. '''Global lock or blocks''' of the primary contributor, when the reason for the lock or block is directly related to the resource.
[[User:Dave Braunschweig|Dave Braunschweig]] ([[User talk:Dave Braunschweig|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dave Braunschweig|contribs]]) 18:21, 19 April 2014 (UTC)
::Only if vandalism or spam, or something related to the [[User:Abd/Augusto De Luca|Augusto De Luca]] incident. Quite frankly, {{ping|Abd}} should be involved in this, I bet his knowledge would help in this proposal. --{{font|face=Utah MT-SJ-NI|[[User:Goldenburg111|{{font|color=red|Golden}}]]&lt;sub&gt;[[User talk:Goldenburg111|{{font|color=orange|burg}}]][[Special:Contributions/Goldenburg111|111]]&lt;/sub&gt;}} 21:24, 19 April 2014 (UTC)
:::Ugh. This makes the decision of a single steward (no discussion needed) have primacy here. We don't even delete user pages when the user is actually globally banned. See [[User:Collingwood]], [[User:Poetlister]], and [[User:Moulton]]. See also [[User:Thekohser]], and see [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAuth/Thekohser CA for him]: though he was locked for 3 years, the user page was intact. Placing a notice on a user page that the account is locked, that may be acceptable, though the user Talk page would be better. I think allowing the user the respect of having an unmarred user page is simple decency. '''A global lock is not a ban,''' in spite of some pretense to the contrary. (Poetlister is considered banned, though present ban policy was not followed. Collingwood was, as the user page currently shows, considered a sock of Poetlister. Moulton is not globally banned, that requires process that has not been followed at all. He was being deliberately disruptive, and he was stopped, that's all.)
:::I'll stick with a requirement for user page deletion be that the page be harmful ''here,'' (or positively harmful to the WMF overall, which is rare), as with blocking, this has been established with blood, sweat, and tears. I hate to see it slide back to the wikimuck.
:::As to resources, the &quot;primary contributor&quot; is irrelevant. There is a general exception to that, for page creation by banned users, which are considered deletable on sight. It is not the content that is being rejected, but the right of a banned user to create it. --[[User:Abd|Abd]] ([[User talk:Abd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Abd|contribs]]) 22:12, 19 April 2014 (UTC)
::::{{ping|Abd}} sorry if I have frustrated you about that situation, I meant the hands of the corrupted's view and ideas. --{{font|face=Utah MT-SJ-NI|[[User:Goldenburg111|{{font|color=red|Golden}}]]&lt;sub&gt;[[User talk:Goldenburg111|{{font|color=orange|burg}}]][[Special:Contributions/Goldenburg111|111]]&lt;/sub&gt;}} 15:19, 20 April 2014 (UTC)
{{Reply to|Goldenburg111}} I looked at the last 1000 actions in the [[meta:Special:Log|Meta Global account log]] and found the following lock reasons given:
:649	Spam
:280	Long-term abuse
:30	Cross-wiki abuse
:22	Vandalism
:10	Abusive user name
:2	Compromised account / Impersonator
:1	No longer works for WMF
If the user had created a page or pages here that resulted in those global locks, which of the contributions would you have wanted to keep?  -- [[User:Dave Braunschweig|Dave Braunschweig]] ([[User talk:Dave Braunschweig|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dave Braunschweig|contribs]]) 03:35, 20 April 2014 (UTC)

:: Having been part of this project a bit longer, I think this is a wonderful idea, which is not to detract form the first proposal (which I need to consider further).  I would alter the language slightly.  First we would also want to include global bans.  It may not always be clear if pages here are directly related to a global ban, and believe me if there is any ambiguity it will be argued relentlessly (and unfortunately ceaselessly).  It would be better to add &quot;... of the primary contributor, when the reason for the lock or block is directly related to the resource. ''Or if the resource cannot reasonably further the goals of Wikiversity without the primary contributor''&quot;.  That criteria should be more straight forward to test. [[User:Thenub314|Thenub314]] ([[User talk:Thenub314|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Thenub314|contribs]]) 14:12, 20 April 2014 (UTC)

::: I think &quot;If the resource cannot reasonably further Wikiversity's educational objectives without the primary contributors&quot; should be what to look for, no need to mention blocks, bans, or locks at all, and the focus remains on the value/qualify of the resource itself. --[[User:Darklama|&lt;span style=&quot;background:DarkSlateBlue;color:white;padding:2px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;dark&lt;/span&gt;]][[User talk:Darklama|&lt;span style=&quot;background:darkslategray;color:white;padding:2px;&quot;&gt;lama&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;]] 15:11, 20 April 2014 (UTC)

:::::(edit conflict with below) I agree with focus on the resource itself. However, a user page is not, per se, a resource, it is an introduction to the user. We have a lot of resources with the primary contributor -- or all contributors -- missing in action. Should we delete them?
:::::Again, we are seeing discussion in the abstract, which then attempts to cover all situations, while missing our actual experience. There is only one global ban. When it was discussed, the issue of the independence of the wikis was raised but never clearly addressed. At that time, a 'crat could delink the account to undo the local effect of a global lock. I think that is no longer possible. We also allowed local socks in the presence of a global lock. What the proposal appears to say is that if a steward, who may be acting outside of policy, locks an account, we should start deleting pages here.
:::::As to the question asked, we routinely delete spam. We do not routinely ban someone accused of &quot;spam.&quot; We look at behavior here. In the case currently under discussion, the designation of the created pages as &quot;spam&quot; is highly questionable. If someone registers and creates a user page here, with content we would normally accept, do we check to see if they have registered somewhere else? If we see that they have created the same user page in other places, do we therefore delete the page? Now, that &quot;same user page&quot; is often created cross-wiki and there is even a bot that does it. It is most commonly done for global sysops and stewards, but other cross-wiki contributors do it. Basically, this is all irrelevant here, or should be.
:::::Lock policy describes what can be locked. Augusto De Luca was locked as a &quot;spam only account,&quot; not merely &quot;spam.&quot; The next four locks in this sequence had the same description. After a number of users pointed out that the pages created were not &quot;spam,&quot; the steward then locked another account, GIUNCO, for &quot;cross-wiki promo.&quot; &quot;Promo&quot; is a content judgment. There are more accounts that he hasn't touched yet. &quot;Promotion&quot; may be true, in the same way that a fan promotes their favorite topic. Or a user points out their qualifications, on their user page.
:::::Locking accounts that are actually spam-only makes sense. A spammer has little invested in the account. It really doesn't harm them. It just stops that account from editing. Real spammers expect these accounts to be blocked, and a global lock just saves locak wikis the trouble.
:::::But in this case, as an example, the locked users had uploaded photos to Commons, and as soon as these accounts were locked, deletion discussions began. The first batch of 42 photos were images of the photographer himself, sometimes photographed in the act of photographing someone notable, such as Carla Fracci. That batch was quickly closed as kept. (&quot;Promotion&quot; is not a reason for deletion on Commons.&quot;) Then a photo widely used in Wikipedia articles of the photographer, a piece of art in its own right, was nominated for deletion, based on a technicality. I expect more of these. In that next nomination, there were questions that could easily be resolved by the uploader. But the uploader is thenow-globally-locked GIUNCO. Commons is one of the few sites that directly blocked Augusto, and immediately, and without warning or discussion. Thus a possible communication channel with Augusto, as well, was cut off. And then, of course, the deletions and blocks and locks are justified by &quot;no intention to participate.&quot;
:::::My suspicion is that Augusto saw what had been done, that his account was locked, and most of the user pages deleted, after spending three days creating those accounts and pages, and basically said, &quot;forget them.&quot; He likely has no idea that the action is not &quot;official,&quot; but was the ad-hoc decision of a steward (based on a decision of &quot;spam&quot;) I have asked the steward to unlock the accounts.[https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Vituzzu&amp;oldid=8227000#Request_you_unlock_global_accounts_you_locked.] So far, no reply, but he has no edits in the last 8 days.
:::::Wikiversity, I hoped, would be a place where these dramas don't bite. Was I wrong?
:::::Unless we shift our community practices, policy discussions will very likely continue to be rootless, abstract considerations, mostly ineffective, without a shared body of evidence (actual history) behind them. --[[User:Abd|Abd]] ([[User talk:Abd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Abd|contribs]]) 16:30, 20 April 2014 (UTC)
:::::: I disagree that &quot;..a user page is not, per se, a resource...&quot;.  And even if we agree to disagree on this point.  It is a bad idea to have two separate deletion policies regarding different namespaces.  Should we delete abandoned resources which cannot help to meet the goals of WV?  Yes, we should.  [[User:Thenub314|Thenub314]] ([[User talk:Thenub314|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Thenub314|contribs]]) 19:11, 20 April 2014 (UTC)
:::::::User space is very different from all the other spaces. On some wikis, in fact, users are given admin privileges over their own user space. (I've never seen this with the WMF, but we routinely grant quasi-administrative rights, we do respect the right of users to control their own user space, provided that they do not otherwise violate policy there. Neutrality policy, as an example, does not apply in user space. Users may express opinions, may exclude other users from editing their pages (ordinarily), and so on.
:::::::It's easy to say &quot;resources which cannot help,&quot; but actually determining that can be an administrative nightmare. In fact, that's been claimed many times about resources that ''could'' help. When we all agree that they cannot help, there is little difficulty with deletion, and two processes for it: speedy deletion, either accepted or not, and proposed deletion, where we could develop the process a bit better, but it's designed as a nondisruptive process. If a page is positively harmful, speedy should be easily done.
:::::::The extreme version of my proposal is that harmless pages are kept, period. Because it is a harm for mainspace to be cluttered, this implies that the pages are moved to user space. If the user is long gone, and nobody is willing to adopt them, then they would be deleted. So prod would be used to determine this.
:::::::If we can clean up mainspace (and the associated topic and school spaces), do we really care if &quot;abandoned and useless&quot; pages exist in user space? How much effort should be put into &quot;cleaning this up&quot;? More accurately, into ''hiding'' the pages, since they are not actually deleted, no disk space is saved. If a user requests they be hidden, fine. If they are positively harmful, fine. But are truly useless -- and harmless -- pages worth continual effort to examine and delete them?
:::::::Semiprotection should be utterly noncontroversial and we might even develop a policy that abandoned pages are routinely semiprotected. It could be done by bot. Basically, the goal is to ease the maintenance burden. --[[User:Abd|Abd]] ([[User talk:Abd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Abd|contribs]]) 22:42, 20 April 2014 (UTC)
:::: I think that is fine.  Clearly, it can always be argued that a contributor's creation meets his own educational goals.  So we would only want this to be applied to pages that are long abandoned, or where the primary contributor is otherwise unable to contribute.  The legalistic side of my would like to say something like &quot;Resource that cannot reasonably further Wikiversity's educational objectives without the primary contributors, if the contributors are unable or unwilling to continue to contribute to the resources.&quot; [[User:Thenub314|Thenub314]] ([[User talk:Thenub314|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Thenub314|contribs]]) 16:07, 20 April 2014 (UTC)

:::::I agree with Thenub314, except for one thing, the practicality of reviewing created resources. If leaving the resources in place causes no harm, we create burden on the community and sysops by legitimating deletion, when it is possible that the original user will return or that someone else will adopt the resource. Deletion is not transparent to the community, and (rare) administrative abuse may escapes attention for a long time because of this. If a resource standing unmaintained is a problem, i.e., spam and vandalism-magnet, then it can be protected or blanked and protected, if the content is itself problematic. The decision to protect a page is trivial and transparent, it can usually be done without worry, since it is so easily undone; anyone may request unprotection. Semiprotection will often be enough.
:::::Thenub, what we have been focusing on is ''organization'' of content. I want to emphasize that this is a task that can be assisted by any user, for non-deletion options. When we depend on custodians for organization (by having them delete &quot;useless content,&quot; which is not a fact but a judgment), we lose the potential of broad participation. [[w:WP:PWD]] was a minority position on Wikipedia, rejected because, I suspect, encyclopedias don't have lots of blank pages. However, university libraries have lots of works that are archived and accessible to those who might need them, often with no fuss. Those works may not be on display, as such, but a simple request to see them will suffice, and that request, here, might be a look at page history. Deletion, under this concept, is reserved for harmful content. (Blatant copyvio, the kind that if done intentionally, to evade copyright and thus damage the copyright holder, not mere negligence in a nonprofit activity, and which can result in prosecution or liability, is harmful, and so are privacy and child protection policy violations. Often revision deletion will handle these, the entire page need not be deleted. And we need policy to cover revision deletion; there are obvious standards that the community accepts, but they are not codified so that new and possibly inexperienced custodians can understand them. --[[User:Abd|Abd]] ([[User talk:Abd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Abd|contribs]]) 16:59, 20 April 2014 (UTC)

Thenub314, I think under normal circumstances, even abandoned resources can be improved by anyone other then the primary contributors. I think what to keep an eye out for are &quot;non-educational resources where implementing concrete improvements that further Wikiversity's mission are only reasonably possible through collaboration with the primary contributors.&quot; --[[User:Darklama|&lt;span style=&quot;background:DarkSlateBlue;color:white;padding:2px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;dark&lt;/span&gt;]][[User talk:Darklama|&lt;span style=&quot;background:darkslategray;color:white;padding:2px;&quot;&gt;lama&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;]] 14:46, 21 April 2014 (UTC)
: I agree.  Abandoned doesn't mean bad.  I meant to imply abandoned and having no reasonable method of being continued.  I am happy with the wording in your quotes. [[User:Thenub314|Thenub314]] ([[User talk:Thenub314|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Thenub314|contribs]]) 15:10, 21 April 2014 (UTC)
::However, this, then, wastes custodian time on ''useless deletions.'' Do we have any examples of the pages in question? What I can think of are test pages, something that nobody will miss, including the user if the user comes back. However, while these can be deleted without harm, are we going to encourage our wikignomes to look through user pages to find test pages or other junk? Sometimes possibly useful content is in history, not on the face. There is a series of steps to be taken by a custodian before deleting a page. Anything link to it? Any history? ''It takes time.'' Useless stuff in mainspace, yes, but ... ''any user'' may move useless pages to user space, and I've done this many times, and, if nothing links to it, I may tag the redirect for speedy deletion. (The deletion summary should point to the user page, ordinarily). It is far, far simpler, if we don't delete user pages absent harm. We don't ''really'' delete them anyway, so there is no saving of disk space, all we are doing is making the pages invisible to ordinary users. Why?
::And the problem that then arises is lack of transparency, it becomes impossible for ordinary users to review what a custodian has done. And for other custodians to review it, again, takes time. This is a common wiki shortfall: user time has not been valued. --[[User:Abd|Abd]] ([[User talk:Abd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Abd|contribs]]) 15:27, 21 April 2014 (UTC)
::: A user's time is up to that individual user, some people will show up and get involved because they like to clean things up.  If it is a waste of their time I trust them not to do it.  There are no oblications in editing a wiki.  The &quot;wasted time&quot; argument is a complete red herring, if no one choses to clean up dusty corners that is fine, if someone does, they should have a clear idea of what is allowed to be deleted.  This is not an edicte that &quot;This must be done.&quot;  It is acknowledgement this is an acceptable activity.  But let's face facts, an opening paragraph of the  biography of someone's mother from 2008 is not something a) that anyone else can continue or b) that further's our goals.  And if you don't think we have pages that have level of utility hanging around, spend some time looking.  You have made (in other posts) references to brick and morter university libraries.  These libraries have regular sales where they remove things they deem useful to them.  I know, I frequent them myself, so it is very poor analogy to argue for keeping these type of pages around.  Finally the point of doing any of this to make it easier for users to find resources they are interested in, or if you like analogies, improving the signal-to-noise ratio.  [[User:Thenub314|Thenub314]] ([[User talk:Thenub314|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Thenub314|contribs]]) 15:54, 21 April 2014 (UTC)
::::Cleaning up dusty corners in mainspace, yes, yes, yes, by all means. Please, however, do not enter my dorm room and clean it up, unless something is truly hazardous. Yes, libraries have sales, because the value of the income exceeds the value of keeping certain material, to them. The kind of content we are discussing could not be sold. Useless, remember?
::::Do they sell the copies of student dissertations? ''The argument made by Thenub applies to mainspace only.'' There is no actual &quot;cleanup&quot; of pages in any space. Rather, they are painted over to make them invisible to others. That makes sense in mainspace, because for the utility of mainspace, it should not be full of useless junk. But why in user space? Deletion doesn't just take the time of the busybody who checks out &quot;dusty corners&quot; of my dorm room, but of a custodian who must review and act on a deletion template. What is the value ''to the wiki'' of this activity? --[[User:Abd|Abd]] ([[User talk:Abd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Abd|contribs]]) 16:21, 21 April 2014 (UTC)
::::: Excellent we are making progress, so we are agreed about main space.  I will grant you they do not sell Doctoral dissertations, nor do they keep masters or undergraduate dissertation. If we want to use an analogy to brick and morter dorm rooms, might I remind everyone how strict the rules are for dorm rooms/offices.   One may not have candles, use blue tack, hang pictuers that offend roommates.  For faculty the rules are more strict, in my experience, janitors will regularly through away papers on the floor on their schedule without the promise of notification.  I digress.
::::: Again, I point out that no one &quot;must&quot; act on a deletion template or to review another custodians actions.  The wasted time critique just doesn't make sense to this enviornment.  I will grant that a user pages deserve a little more lattitude, my personal user page doesn't contain much of educational value.  Perhaps there is not intrinsic value to the wiki of deleting/blanking old user pages for users who have retired, left, been banned, etc.  But it also does no harm, as any of these actions could be reversed if the user returns.  And if it keeps an active editor happy involved and logging in on a regular basis (and hopefully preforming an odd edit here or there to other resources) then I am all for it. [[User:Thenub314|Thenub314]] ([[User talk:Thenub314|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Thenub314|contribs]]) 16:52, 21 April 2014 (UTC)
::::::While it is technically true that nobody ''must'' act on a deletion template, it happens, from time to time, that nobody acts, and [[:Category:Candidates for speedy deletion]] expands and this, then, suppresses attention to the requests. Thenub, this is what really happens. I've been, for some substantial period, almost the sole maintainer of this site. Just as we need to clean up mainspace, we also need to clean up the maintenance templates like that, or the mess accumulates. I am pointing out that removing harmless material ''does do harm,'' where it takes up user and especially administrator time.
::::::That deletion category is empty at the moment. We like it that way. &quot;Speedy&quot; should be .... speedy. I've seen what happens when the requests accumulate. Custodians have a little time, they pick what's easy, and the rest accumulate. In fact, if it's not easy, the template should be removed. &quot;Not easy&quot; means &quot;not a candidate for speedy deletion.&quot;
::::::What we want to encourage is ''cleaning up mainspace.'' That's where this site is a mess, still. To make it ''easy'' to clean up mainspace, we have developed the practice of moving marginal resources to user space. First of all, any user can do it. Secondly, deleting a redirect, when that's appropriate, is a much easier decision than deleting a resource that someone ''might'' or ''might not'' develop. I tag, for speedy deletion, redirects to user space, when doing so is not likely to cause harm. Those tags are routinely acted on, very quickly. A dorm room is going to be re-used, so eventually, it must be cleaned up. A user space is ''not going to be re-used,'' unless it is by the user.
::::::We have seen that moving resources to user space is ''usually'' not controversial. I've seen users get upset by it, but, previously, ''these resources would have gone to RFD.'' If we then repeat the process all over again, for the files sitting in user space, we have defeated the purpose of making it all so easy.
::::::Frankly, the kind of user attracted to going over the user space of other users, looking for stuff to tag for deletion, isn't the kind of user I'd choose to encourage for Wikiversity. It gets worse when the user doesn't speedy tag or prod, but goes to RFD over harmless content, which then wastes even more time.
::::::Files in user space are more like material in a professor's filing cabinet, than stuff left on the floor, but even there, in a filing cabinet, the physical analogy implies some cost to maintaining the files, i.e., the space, the cabinet, etc. In our case, there is no cost at all to simply leaving them alone. They are neatly filed, they are not in anyone's way. There is no visual clutter, unless you deliberately look.
::::::Again, these comments do not apply to ''harmful content,'' which is entirely a different matter.
::::::I should disclose that I'm sensitive on this issue. See [[w:Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/Abd_user_pages]]. There were definitely useful pages there, such as &quot;Lyrikline poets,&quot; several hundred good edits indicated, to add links to lyrikline.org, all listed, showing what had been done and what remained. I had become distracted from completing that task, but anyone could have done it. (There are now many more possible, because lyrikline keeps adding notable poets. They are ''all'' notable, being hosted on lyrikline is an independent judgment of that, by experts.)
::::::Wikipedia does have a habit of deleting &quot;useless user pages.&quot; As a result, when I've had occasion to research history there, the necessary pages are often gone. Wikipedia hides its history, and the community gains nothing by doing so, but those who may want to hide the history gain. And these preferentially watch deletion requests. Most of the community does not, it would be overwhelmed. What did Wikipedia gain by deleting those user pages of mine? To answer that question, one would need to look at the identity and history of the nominator and many of those !voting. They gained, at least in their own minds. The community lost. --[[User:Abd|Abd]] ([[User talk:Abd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Abd|contribs]]) 18:18, 21 April 2014 (UTC)

{{outdent|::::::}}

Most websites have rules concerning what is appropriate or acceptable to share on their website. If you posted a scientific paper on cold fusion to a poetry website, other posters are probably going to tag it or report it, and someday it will be deleted. I would find a poetry website counterintuitive if its terms of use focused on how and why sharing scientific papers is harmful, rather than focusing on what is appropriate to share there. User space is for sharing personal things that people want other people to view. I think at Wikiversity, what should be appropriate or acceptable to share in user space is personal educational goals and some information about themselves. People can tag or report resources in user space that they think isn't furthering Wikiversity's educational objectives. People should be able to feel safe that as long as what they post in user space meets some standard that the Wikiversity community has decided upon their contributions won't be subject to deletion. --[[User:Darklama|&lt;span style=&quot;background:DarkSlateBlue;color:white;padding:2px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;dark&lt;/span&gt;]][[User talk:Darklama|&lt;span style=&quot;background:darkslategray;color:white;padding:2px;&quot;&gt;lama&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;]] 19:53, 21 April 2014 (UTC)

: I think Darklama has summarized my feelings nicely.  But, I like to comment on the sentence including &quot;...isn't the kind of user I'd choose to encourage for Wikiversity...&quot;.  I think we could use a lot more people then we have, and if anywhere in the wikimedia universe is more tolerante of quirks it is WV.  As long as users are contributing positively, I say we encourage everyone.  And if that means allowing a bit of freedom, so be it.  There is very little that cannot be reversed, and for those interested in history they can always find it.  You can request undeletes, heck you can even download backups of old versions of wikimedia projects.  Nothing is ever really gone. [[User:Thenub314|Thenub314]] ([[User talk:Thenub314|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Thenub314|contribs]]) 20:13, 21 April 2014 (UTC)

The discussion is being misdirected in order to encourage others to fight a battle that hasn't been proposed.  There is no proposal to edit user pages.  There is no proposal to evaluate user content.  The proposal doesn't even address clean-up.  It is very simple.  If a user is locked, blocked, or banned, and the page that was created is part of what led to the lock, block, or ban, the page *may* be deleted based on a speedy request.  That's it. -- What is the best way to word that proposal so we can seek approval from the community and move forward?  -- [[User:Dave Braunschweig|Dave Braunschweig]] ([[User talk:Dave Braunschweig|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dave Braunschweig|contribs]]) 00:14, 22 April 2014 (UTC)
:Any page may be deleted based on a speedy request, if a custodian agrees. And anyone may remove it, what is being proposed is not a change in policy, nor is it a clarification in any way that will avoid disruption. Deletion is editing, Dave, so I'm dismayed. Since you appear to think this discussion is being &quot;misdirected,&quot; I do not see that I have sufficient support here on Wikiversity to allow me to continue. I will still proceed with what I've said I would do, and I will participate in Community Reviews, if allowed. I know that the views I'm expressing ''have been consensus on Wikiversity,'' but that all changed, as to what became centrally expressed -- and acted on -- by custodians, part of what led JWSchmidt to lose it. It may still be consensus, in reality, but those who would agree don't speak up, and they ''gave up.'' So there goes the wiki. The history is being misrepresented, but so what? The essence of the change: we may delete pages based on what someone else does, somewhere else. Good luck managing Wikiversity, I'm becoming seriously disinclined to help any more. Been there, done that. --[[User:Abd|Abd]] ([[User talk:Abd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Abd|contribs]]) 01:28, 22 April 2014 (UTC)

::We're all volunteers here.  You need to decide where and how you want to volunteer your time.  As I have indicated in several places, I believe you have a lot to offer to Wikiversity.  But my schedule doesn't allow the investment of time this issue is requiring.  I'm here to help others learn, and this is preventing me from doing that.  So, we need to solve this one way or another.  Either the community doesn't trust global sysops and we stop accepting their assistance, or we do trust them and we accept their recommendations, and then fight them at Meta when we think they're wrong.  But wasting our time discussing an issue that can't be solved here is pointless. -- [[User:Dave Braunschweig|Dave Braunschweig]] ([[User talk:Dave Braunschweig|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dave Braunschweig|contribs]]) 03:20, 22 April 2014 (UTC)

:I think discussion here and at [[WV:RFD]] have been misdirected based on various straw man and red herring arguments. This discussion page is about the deletion guideline. I think the &quot;no policy&quot; argument is another misdirection. If there is a problem that needs solving I think the focus should be on a problem with a resource rather then who made the resource. If a resource is deleted which would otherwise be within Wikiversity's scope because of who made it then the action becomes punitive rather then preventative, and [[Wikiversity:Who are Wikiversity participants?|Wikiversity participants]] lose out because a good educational resource was deleted. If anything is needed at all I suggest something like, &quot;Non-educational resources where reasonably furthering Wikiversity's education mission requires collaboration from the primary contributors.&quot; I think user accounts that are locked, blocked, or banned demonstrate a lack of ability to collaborate, but there are other reasons why a person may not be able to collaborate too, such as they have retired from the wiki. --[[User:Darklama|&lt;span style=&quot;background:DarkSlateBlue;color:white;padding:2px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;dark&lt;/span&gt;]][[User talk:Darklama|&lt;span style=&quot;background:darkslategray;color:white;padding:2px;&quot;&gt;lama&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;]] 02:21, 22 April 2014 (UTC)

::Would this then be a clarification of the first item? -- ''No educational objectives or discussion in history. Welcome users and resources when likely to be expanded shortly.'' -- If it is a non-educational resource that is not likely to be expanded (because it is a user page and the user is no longer available / participating), that means it can be deleted?  That's a much broader interpretation than I was looking for.  I just want to be able to prevent situations where cross wiki edits do not violate local policy directly but do violate the Wikimedia community standards as a whole.  Yes, this means trusting the global sysops.  But we already trust them, based on [[Wikiversity:Colloquium/archives/September_2013#Opt-in_to_global_sysops]].  -- [[User:Dave Braunschweig|Dave Braunschweig]] ([[User talk:Dave Braunschweig|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dave Braunschweig|contribs]]) 03:20, 22 April 2014 (UTC)

== Ethical breaches ==

I think there needs to be more clarity on what is an ethical breach. [[User:Leucosticte|Leucosticte]] ([[User talk:Leucosticte|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leucosticte|contribs]]) 19:07, 12 October 2014 (UTC)

:This resource links to [[Wikiversity:Research ethics]] and [[Wikiversity:Scholarly ethics]] for ethics information.  Those would be the places to initiate a discussion clarifying ethical breaches as addressed by speedy deletion.  -- [[User:Dave Braunschweig|Dave Braunschweig]] ([[User talk:Dave Braunschweig|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dave Braunschweig|contribs]]) 19:41, 12 October 2014 (UTC)
::At this point, an &quot;ethical breach&quot; is what anyone thinks is an ethical breach, if confirmed. In this case, there was a page considered to be such a breach. Not as an accusation of misbehavior, by the way, but a page that could potentially cause harm. Wikiversity supports academic freedom, but freedom is not license. When research can possibly cause harm, academia handles this with standards and ethics committees.
::So the process here was that a user (me) placed a speedy deletion tag on the resource, asserting a breach or lack of compliance with ethical guidelines (which mostly don't exist, so lack of compliance is not a surprise nor is it an offense. There are only common-sense guidelines, which are obviously nonspecific.) I suggested with the deletion request or in discussion of it on my user talk, that guidelines be developed and expressed with consensus. That would then allow study of the topic, subject to the guidelines. In some cases it might disallow the topic entirely, but I would not care to predict the specifics in advance.
::The other remedy available to a user who wishes to contest such a deletion would be to remove the speedy deletion tag or to request undeletion. In this case, the page had been deleted, which indicates that a custodian agreed that the page was problematic. Because of the possibility of harm, this could be an exception to the rule that a speedy deleted page is to be undeleted upon request, in which case the issue goes to [[WV:RFD]], if the deletion tagger takes it there. Sometimes a custodian will do that, with undeletion, though I don't actually recommend that, unless the custodian is *personally* requesting deletion *and* considers temporary hosting harmless.
::In this case, hosting the page even temporarily could be harmful. If the custodian agrees, then, the page stays deleted unless another custodian undeletes. The matter may still go to RFD as an undeletion request. A copy of the page can be provided to the author on request (and perhaps to others on request if that is considered not to be likely to cause harm. Thus it might be provided to trusted Wikiversitans unlikely to abuse the information.) The page can be summarized on the RFD page with a summary not likely to cause harm. For example, a common case could be a page on how to make a bomb. The summary can state that without causing harm. It may be able to state more, but caution would be in order. Custodians, with issues like this, have revision deletion as an available tool, and deletion of revisions with harmful information is relatively routine; wherever possible, this should be explained for transparency. --[[User:Abd|Abd]] ([[User talk:Abd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Abd|contribs]]) 16:03, 13 October 2014 (UTC)

== Copyright violation ==

The guideline page already suggests that alternatives to deletion be considered. &quot;Copyrighted material&quot; is a speedy deletion reason, but students routinely copy material for personal study. Sometimes the legality of that is questionable, but it depends on complex details. However, we need to understand that &quot;legality&quot; almost never is a real issue with material on Wikiversity. That is, the owner of the site, the Wikimedia Foundation, is not obligated to make sure that all material is free or properly licensed, in the absence of a DCMA take-down notice, primarily because it is nonprofit. However, it seeks to ensure &quot;free,&quot; not as a legal requirement, but so that all material may be freely re-used. And then exceptions are allowed under Fair Use, and the WMF wants those tagged as such, so that a commercial re-user is on notice that the material might not be usable by them (especially because of the CC-by-NC licenses out there).

When material is blanked, it remains in history, and I have never seen copyvio as a reason for revision deletion. I looked at Wikipedia policy on speedy deletion. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Criteria_for_speedy_deletion#G12._Unambiguous_copyright_infringement Unambiguous copyright infringement] covers this. As I read this, if it is possible to make the page non-infringing as currently displayed, there is no need to delete it. A page which is &quot;unabiguously&quot; copyright infringing, is what is deleted.

There has been a specific case recently. A Template was copied from Wikipedia without proper attribution. That is, the content was a technical license violation, because the general Wikipedia license requires attribution. However, once one knows that the page is copied from a CC site, the violation is fixed by a link to the original. However, a custodian deleted the page, and, after a repeated violation, blocked the user indef.

After writing this, I did some more research on Wikipedia, and found on [[w:Wikipedia:Copyright problems]], that revision deletion is being used now.. Users may &quot;clean a page&quot; and then request revision deletion with a template.[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joyce_Lambert&amp;diff=659872647&amp;oldid=659866143]. Looking at the history of that page, I see a problem. Attribution of edits has been lost, it seems. They are robbing Peter to pay Paul. This will occur with the revision deletion tool as it exists. It's quite a mess, for copyvios that are not caught quickly and the page continues to be edited.

Deletion requires custodian action, and apparently the custodian felt obligated to act. Blanking and tagging can be done by any user. In this case, the user was not communicative, the user probably has difficulty with English, and the custodian was frustrated, I suspect.

Our guideline already implies that deletion is a last resort, when less drastic measures are available and not an onerous burden. Our customs require notifying a user that a page is to be deleted -- or is deleted. It is faster and easier to blank a page, and problems can then be fixed by any user. I have created [[Template:Blanked copyvio]] to allow this, and instructions on that template can become more specific.

Any user may apply this solution. Deletion then takes the page out of community visibility, requiring more custodian action if the problem is to be fixed.

There is an exception to the above approach, involving truly illegal content.

There is a nice document on copyright and fair use at [https://www.umuc.edu/library/libhow/copyright.cfm]. Reading that brings up an issue. Students may copy materials, rather freely, under some conditions, detailed in the document, and substantial copying from a book, here, might meet those exceptions. (And the document emphasizes that it is not legal advice, and copyright law is so complex and difficult that even experts get it wrong, I've explored many cases.) However, that copying is generally for the students own use, and perhaps for presentation to a class or small group.

Our situation is somewhat like publication, which then can take possible fair use into copyright infringement. However, we have the option of burying such material in history. I can imagine some strict-interpretation, precautionary principle (see Commons) user as thinking that, being in publicly accessible history, the material is still &quot;published,&quot; but, then, finding that material is difficult, history is not indexed by search engines, not directly. Essentially, routine practice is simply to blank minor copyvio, and only if the whole page is copyvio is it to be deleted, and blanking ''is adequate.''

What, then, about links to History? Linking to egregious copyright violation is illegal, but where this can see legitimate use is where the material is not &quot;egregious violation,&quot; i.e., what the library I linked to considers possible fair use with limited distribution. Copy an entire book or copyrighted article, egregious violation. Copy selected pieces for study purposes, not.

Key would be lack of damage to the original publisher. If a sale isn't lost, there is no damage. And then one can start to understand why the law is so difficult. We need guidelines here that are easy to apply, but we also need to foster education, because our mission is broader than what is normal for the WMF, we are not just about providing &quot;free materials,&quot; but also &quot;free education, learning by doing.&quot; When copyright issues become complicated, one ends up with train wrecks, as a few months working on Commons showed me. The &quot;precautionary principle&quot; administrators ((those who most strongly insist on certainty of permission) had taken it to a gross extreme, disregarding WMF lawyer legal advice, and law review article examination, and deleting material that was, as to legal reality, free and licensed by the actual owner, based on their interpretations that would probably not stand up in court. I've looked. There has never been a test case directly on point, and the cases that exist support what I was pointing out.

We don't need that. I have argued on Commons that Commons doesn't need it either. The arguments had some level of support there, and might even become policy, but ... that all takes work and time. Mostly I don't have that time, I work in bursts.

Here, it is rare that deletion is actually necessary, if there is any apparent user desire to use Wikiversity for their own education or to create materials useful for others. It is also never an emergency, unless there is a take-down notice, and that is then handled by the WMF Office. --[[User:Abd|Abd]] ([[User talk:Abd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Abd|contribs]]) 20:31, 4 August 2015 (UTC)

:Most copyright violations I've seen in the last year or so are blatant, complete copies of entire pages of copyrighted website content.  It's just content dumping, not academic work.  Speedy delete is the appropriate response.  -- [[User:Dave Braunschweig|Dave Braunschweig]] ([[User talk:Dave Braunschweig|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dave Braunschweig|contribs]]) 21:49, 4 August 2015 (UTC)

::Probably right. However, why is a user &quot;dumping content&quot; here? I can imagine academic work where there would be what could look like &quot;dumping,&quot; and then editing that is something else. Blatant copyvio with no original work, no other edit history, no clue that the user is good-faith, maybe speedy deletion is the best way, though we still should follow the tag and confirm approach, for security. That will often give a user some time to object. At some point, a study of what is deleted would be in order. (Ad hoc impressions can be warped.) At the present time, I can't do that, because I don't have the tools.... If this is the user's first edit here, deleting it is not particularly welcoming. Properly, and for reliability as well as efficiency, we should design good templates to use so that this is all very easy, and the templates will handle boilerplate civility and helpfulness. I.e., &quot;if you object, here is what to do.&quot; What we see is that spammers and vandals generally don't respond at all. Then there is that set of users that have communication problems. Still, we can make efforts, nobody is expected or required to be perfect. We will make mistakes, as will anyone. That is, we will do things that are less than optimal! --[[User:Abd|Abd]] ([[User talk:Abd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Abd|contribs]]) 03:16, 5 August 2015 (UTC)

== Speedy deletion of talk pages ==

Criterion was: ''Discussions about deleted resources where context is lost and becoming an independent resource is unlikely.''

Here it was when originally proposed: [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity:Deletions&amp;oldid=26379#Miscellaneous].

This was becoming interpreted as applying to IP talk pages, which was simply an error. Context is not lost for these discussions. It exists, though some of it may be deleted. A non-custodian can't see it, that's all. So this limits research to custodians, who mostly don't have time for it. The original purpose was talk pages attached to resources. That's a practice that came from Wikipedia, where I've seen, again, context being lost, ''caused by deletion,'' when deletion is not necessary, it is just &quot;being tidy.&quot; In fact, the place is no tidier, the pages are still there in the database, they have merely been hidden, swept under the carpet, so to speak, or shoved into a closet, with the skeletons.

There are Articles for Deletion discussions on Wikipedia where there is extensive reference to article talk pages, such as discussion of sources, and those, then, become unintelligible. My view, years ago, was that deletion itself was a bad idea, there was a proposal for what was called Pure Wiki Deletion, which is blanking, which leaves content accessible, but hidden in history (the PWD proposal included some tweaks to searches). Even without such special support, if one is searching for a topic, say Loony Idea, one could suppress, ignore, or look at talk pages of a deleted page. What's the harm of them not being deleted? So that we don't know what we are missing? I do know the harm of deletion, it is routine. People wrote that stuff, and it's being discarded as junk, worthless, fancruft, or the like. I might have put a lot of effort into finding sources that I documented on an article Talk page, and it's all stuffed away where I can't read it unless I bug an administrator.

While &quot;becoming an independent resource&quot; may be more than merely unlikely,&quot; it may be impossible, there is still no harm of keeping the pages, documenting history of activity. Hence I am removing this criterion as inappropriate for Wikiversity. If there are other problems with a page, there are other speedy deletion criteria that may still apply. But &quot;useless&quot; isn't actually an argument for investing the labor of deletion and the cost of lost transparency. In mainspace, a resource will attract searches and Random Page, but an attached talk page doesn't do that.

This was the Wikipedia speedy deletion criterion as of the data of our proposed policy creation: [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Criteria_for_speedy_deletion&amp;oldid=75005509#General_criteria]
:''Talk pages of pages that do not exist, unless they contain deletion discussion that isn't logged elsewhere or notes that would help in creating an article. User_talk pages are exempt from this. Subpages (including archive pages) are only deletable under this rule if the corresponding top-level page does not exist.''

Ontological point: if a page has been deleted, but had a talk page, does the page &quot;not exist&quot;? It is not readable by non-admins, but it exists! 

This is now [[w:WP:G8]], which maintains the basic ideas, but goes into more detail.

The real basic speedy deletion criterion: material that, if not deleted, will ''uncontroversially'' cause ongoing harm, including wasted time of users and administrators. This is a problem that specially can apply to blanked mainspace resources, but it doesn't apply to talk pages, blanked or otherwise.

'''I have removed the criterion.''' --[[User:Abd|Abd]] ([[User talk:Abd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Abd|contribs]]) 21:32, 5 August 2015 (UTC)

*Reverted.[https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity:Deletions&amp;diff=1409093&amp;oldid=1409090] So, please discuss.

::Based on current positions, I don't see any point in the two of us discussing this.  You are convinced that all discussions have historical value.  I am convinced otherwise.  Others will need to discuss this and let us all know what the community prefers.  Absent consensus for change, the guidelines should remain as they are.  -- [[User:Dave Braunschweig|Dave Braunschweig]] ([[User talk:Dave Braunschweig|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dave Braunschweig|contribs]]) 23:52, 5 August 2015 (UTC)

:::There are two issues here, Dave. The first, split below, is the interpretation of the present criterion, which is being misapplied, very clearly, with respect to user talk pages, particularly IP user talk pages. These pages are not merely discussions, they are records of user actions, showing, for example, how the user was welcomed -- or not welcomed, sometimes driven off.

:::The second is the issue of other talk pages. The second is an established criterion.

:::I am not convinced that &quot;all discussions have historical value.&quot; Please don't put words in my mouth, creating a straw man position. I am convinced, however, that the assessment of value depends on the assessor, and that we cannot know this in advance, and when material is deleted without necessity, we have damaged a possibility. That damage must be balanced against the possible benefit, and I'm claiming that simply having &quot;lost context&quot; does not create a benefit from deletion. Context is not actually lost, it exists, it may simply be hidden, requiring additional steps to recover. If we can't see the clue, how would we know to ask for more?

:::What I have just discovered through research is that what I thought was our speedy deletion practice is not our actual practice. Deletion is a dangerous tool, and we place restraints on it for strong reasons. Speedy deletion should require very clear conditions, based in consensus and unlikely to be controversial, not marginal or speculative or just one user's opinion, even if the user is a custodian.

:::I.e., we trust custodians to apply ''clear criteria,'' and to avoid marginal cases without discussion or opportunity to oppose. I've seen a lot of great restraint, in using Proposed deletion for example, where value was doubtful. And then I just found a huge pile of exceptions. The deletion of IP talk pages is one. There are others.

Now, as to &quot;current positions,&quot; this is the place to first start ''community discussion.'' So if you have nothing more to add, please add nothing more. That is, if you don't want to participate in the discussion, it certainly is not obligatory. Your revert was well within expectation and propriety, it does not need to be justified. However, it has also been fairly common practice to edit our guidelines and even our policies, without first having consensus, in spite of what the boilerplate says. If nobody objects, well, nobody objects. If someone does, then it's discussed. [[w:WP:BRD]] --[[User:Abd|Abd]] ([[User talk:Abd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Abd|contribs]]) 00:52, 6 August 2015 (UTC)

===IP or other user talk pages===
These are being speedy deleted. This was never an intended speedy deletion criterion, this was a misreading, see above. See also [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Dave_Braunschweig&amp;oldid=1409160#I_see_that_you_are_speedy-deleting_IP_talk_pages.], where it is argued that &quot;They dissuade casual anonymous users from participating. Removing them adds value.&quot; While that is a possible effect, that is not a reason to speedy delete, it is a reason to blank stale discussions, perhaps, and that, being so much less disruptive and easily reversible, can be done by bot. Wikipedia has templates for shared IP, but we don't need that complexity. We can create a standard IP user template to place on any so-blanked page. This will produce value in a number of ways; among other things, it could encourage account registration. Deletion isn't necessary, and removes transparency. I notice this because I commonly research wiki history. Similarly, I also, on occasion, handle cross-wiki vandalism, and IP talk page history can be of great value. --[[User:Abd|Abd]] ([[User talk:Abd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Abd|contribs]]) 23:45, 5 August 2015 (UTC)

===Other talk pages===
The deletion of WP article talk pages was an extension of a basic Wikipedia principle, that the entire project is about creating articles, and all other content is to support that. I think talk page deletion was a bad idea for Wikipedia, by which I mean that it creates more work than it saves, whereas simply leaving the pages alone would do no harm and could preserve valuable content, such as references, sources, and arguments; Wikipedia's current criterion actually refers to this. Here, this is far more clearly true. Most deleted pages here don't have a talk page attached. If the talk page is itself disruptive, qualifying for deletion by itself, removing the &quot;lost context&quot; criterion still allows speedy deletion for other reasons. Further, discussion is, in itself, part of our mission, which is radically different from Wikipedia. While I would create a stub, at least, before creating an attached talk page, there is no harm, in itself, in creating the discussion first, it would merely be less likely to be noticed. --[[User:Abd|Abd]] ([[User talk:Abd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Abd|contribs]]) 23:45, 5 August 2015 (UTC)

== Commons Uploads ==

[[User:Abd]] would like to remove part of Speedy Deletions criteria item 4, specifically related to &quot;files uploaded to [[commons:|Wikimedia commons]] with history intact and links fixed.&quot;  Please discuss and provide support or opposition before changes are made.  -- [[User:Dave Braunschweig|Dave Braunschweig]] ([[User talk:Dave Braunschweig|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dave Braunschweig|contribs]]) 22:45, 17 August 2015 (UTC)

:Thanks. In fact, this has been discussed before, in 2014. See above [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity_talk:Deletions&amp;oldid=1414030#Template:NowCommons permanent link]. Arguments were given. I wrote &quot;If there is no objection, I will remove the Commons speedy deletion reason.&quot; There was no objection to the change. What appeared was only this comment, over a month later: &quot;Objection: &quot;Please propose and discuss before making significant changes to ensure your revisions reflect consensus.&quot; One advocate constitutes neither discussion nor consensus.&quot;

:This was not an objection to the change, but to something that had not happened: an actual change to the guideline without opportunity for discussion. The actual topic was long discussed in various locations. I did go ahead, this time, and make the change. Dave reverted and brought it here for discussion, but something about how wikis work has been missed: users make changes and if nobody objects, ''that is consensus.'' Obviously, perhaps nobody sees it, which is why such changes may be reverted back, later. If I make a unilateral change (as Dave called it), I cannot then use lack of responses to counter later arising objections based on &quot;consensus.&quot; It seems that some idea of formal ratification of changes is being advocated here. That has not been followed in the past. Major changes have been made unilaterally, many times. This change is not &quot;major.&quot; It does no harm. If many NowCommons files accumulate, and someone sees that as a problem, the entire set can be nominated for deletion. However, what is really happening here is that I'm objecting to the deletion of NowCommons files. As objection exists, the first-pass situation is that speedy deletion is not in order, speedy deletion requires the absence of objection, generally.

:This came up today in this discussion: [https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/User_talk:JWSchmidt#Copyright_notices]. In particular, Green Giant, a Commons administrator, gives, there, his experience with files copied to Commons. He details the problem I've encountered, missing license information when files are copied to Commons; but I've seen many files be deleted on Commons after years, when some potential defect in copyright is found. Perhaps it was a bystander selfie, and some Commons administrators think those are owned by the bystander, who must give permission. Others think differently, and it can be the luck of the draw. An example has been NASA images. NASA work is public domain. But what if the work was done by a contractor? Maybe it's public domain and maybe not. Researching files on Commons, I have found it's a nightmare. The process is not reliable. There is no guarantee that images on Commons are &quot;free.&quot; So the tide may turn, and a Commons image may wash away, leaving us with a damaged resource, where if we still had the file, we could claim fair use. We would want to be notified of licensing problems, so we can handle them.

:So we could undelete, and perhaps claim Fair Use. That takes far more labor, and I found that nobody was noticing the Commons delinker bot that comes around and deletes links to deleted Commons Files. Researching this is difficult when the files have been deleted, unless one is an administrator. I've been able to find files in Google cache, when I caught this quickly.

:Nobody has, here, argued that the files should be deleted. It was a habit that started, as part of a push to copy files to Commons. Deleting the files does no good, it is wasted labor, and as Green Giant points out, the license information can be obscured. No disk space is saved, because deleted files are still there, merely hidden. What I don't know is what is displayed if the filename exists on both wikis. --[[User:Abd|Abd]] ([[User talk:Abd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Abd|contribs]]) 23:27, 17 August 2015 (UTC)

::The objection quoted is still valid.  One advocate is neither discussion nor consensus.  Both should precede any changes here.  -- [[User:Dave Braunschweig|Dave Braunschweig]] ([[User talk:Dave Braunschweig|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dave Braunschweig|contribs]]) 00:54, 18 August 2015 (UTC)

* {{Support}} - I support removing this speedy deletion section. Having written that I
* {{Oppose}} uploading any of our files to Commons unless the original uploader wants it uploaded there. If it's a file that I'm using, I'll make a copy, change its name, and re-upload it here under Fair Use. I spent time from 13 July 2015 to 9 August 2015 up at Commons trying to save images of [[commons:Commons:Deletion requests/File:ClydeTombaugh2.gif|Clyde Tombaugh]], the discoverer of Pluto from being deleted while images of Pluto were being reported by NASA's New Horizons at the same time in July. Fortunately, I asked an admin to look at the problem and the images were saved once proper licensing was done. Then an even clearer image was found and the duplicates could be deleted in August. Sorry, but Commons is still a nightmare. --[[User:Marshallsumter|Marshallsumter]] ([[User talk:Marshallsumter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Marshallsumter|contribs]]) 02:04, 18 August 2015 (UTC)
:::On Tombaugh, look at [[commons:Commons:Deletion_requests/File:Clyde_W._Tombaugh.jpeg this, just closed today]]. This should give some idea of how complex these things get. It's complex because of the Commons purpose, not for legal reasons. For any nonprofit activity, you can almost ignore copyright unless someone complains. (Deliberate violation, intending to harm the copyright owner, is not protected, but simple error is.) --[[User:Abd|Abd]] ([[User talk:Abd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Abd|contribs]]) 18:53, 18 August 2015 (UTC)
::There are two entirely different issues here. The one I raised is deletion of files that have been uploaded. I have reviewed the history of this page, speedy deletion of files uploaded to Commons was not discussed when added to the page. I worked on this page extensively and it never stood out for me as a problem until I gained experience with what Marshall is talking about. I now see the problem as routine, common, afflicting all the wikis, including Wikipedia, which is where the practice of deleting uploads to Commons probably came from. [[User:Green Giant]], a Commons admin, has commented on this [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:JWSchmidt&amp;diff=1411004&amp;oldid=1410987 here]. He does not even mention the additional factor: a file which cannot be hosted by Commons may be usable here, under fair use. Making such a claim gets more complicated when the files have been deleted. Often, the original uploader is gone. What we would want, to support WMF licensing policy, is to be notified when files hosted here are deleted from Commons. Green Giant states he is proposing that wikis where files are in use be notified of pending Commons deletion process. We would want notification, and when Commons makes a decision, we would want to know the outcome. We might then see a proposed deletion tag on the file here, unless a non-free rationale has already been asserted. There is then time to handle the process, with original upload information still available. Otherwise, this is a job for custodians, instead of being supportable by the community. I have done the job anyway, sometimes using Google cache to recover information. It's much more complicated with the page having been deleted.

::The other issue is copying to Commons. That is harmless, at worst, if we dump the speedy deletion reason. We will also dump, I predict, unclear licensing as a speedy deletion reason. Rather, this will move to proposed deletion, giving much more time to resolve issues. Speedy deletion will be reserved for blatant violation only. (Right now, the copyright template gives seven days from notice. That is not quite speedy deletion, though the deletion guideline originally suggested giving time for speedy deletions to be reviewed before deleting. We developed proposed deletion to address the problem. Speedy deletion should be reserved for truly uncontroversial deletions. The whole point is to make it easy to maintain Wikiversity. With the triple process (Speedy, Proposed, and RFD), we only do the &quot;difficult&quot; one if consensus is not found in the first two steps, consensus meaning lack of objection. I'm seeing that we really do need resources on wiki theory.... One might notice that, with some consistent pursuit of this concept, by me and others, over the years, [[WV:RFD]] is gathering cobwebs, most proposals there have become errors or misunderstandings, and there is very little disruption. It was not always this way.

::A corollary of the triple process is that the first two kinds of deletions are to be undone on request from any established user. When we get big enough for spurious requests to be a problem, it will be easy to handle, with a request page that requires the autoconfirmed privilege. (Others simply have to gain support from any autoconfirmed user.)

::We could not prevent copying to Commons if we wanted to. Any properly licensed material here is subject to copying *anywhere* with attribution. We just don't want it to damage our resources, which is, unfortunately, common.

::So, as a result of this discussion, I looked at [[Special:Contributions/CommonsDelinker]]. And sure enough, I found [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Radiation_astronomy/Oranges&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1409835]. That was hosted on Commons (not here). However, it was originally uploaded to Wikipedia, for use in an article there, by [[w:User:PlanetStar]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zeta_Scorpii&amp;diff=420724071&amp;oldid=403151059]. The link was added in March, 2011. Then, in November 2012, it was deleted, by a Commons user,[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ALog&amp;type=delete&amp;user=&amp;page=File%3AZeta+Scorpii.jpg] ''(File deleted: F8: now available on Commons under the same name (TW)).'' The file was apparently uploaded to Commons before then, and not by PlanetStar, because it was another user who was notified of the allegedly missing license information.[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Fredlyfish4#File_source_is_not_properly_indicated:_File:Zeta_Scorpii.jpg] While this user is very active, it appears that the user did not respond. And, of course, the original license information would not be accessible to this user, it was as much as four years or so earlier. So deletion of the file on Wikipedia has resulted in harm to Wikipedia. The image itself is currently in Google cache. I did not find that exact version hosted anywhere else, so it may have been created by PlanetStar, working from a public domain image, probably from Australia's [[w:UK Schmidt Telescope]], so the license information was merely incomplete, perhaps. In any case, versions of that image with different color balance are all over the internet, being sold as physical photographs. I found credit to the telescope, but no specific license information. The telescope official web site has an NC license. For all we know, those selling the image obtained permission. Or didn't. In any case, a reduced-resolution version of this is usable here and on Wikipedia under Fair Use. There is a specific image at [http://cdsportal.u-strasbg.fr/#*%20zet02%20Sco], click on &quot;Display color image,&quot; and there are many others. The actual image used in PlanetStar's upload may be recoverable from Google cache, and could be similarly tagged for non-free usage here. It would be an NC file, being derived from one, perhaps.

::Commons copyright policy and practice is incredibly complex, because copyright law is incredibly complex. We simply do not need that complexity. If a file is deleted for missing license or improper license on Commons, for our purposes, I would trust that there is a license defect, even though I know that such deletions are often incorrect, I've seen some doozies. We may then consider a non-free rationale ... or delete the file here if that cannot be justified. That is not appropriate for speedy deletion if there is any objection. We need to keep our custodians out of this mess. As can be seen, the file was hosted on Commons, an alleged repository of free media, for over four years. I've run into many of these. Commons has no reliable process for vetting licenses, it is all ad-hoc, and if nobody looks, nobody vets, and it can occur that nobody looks for a very long time. Meanwhile, how many of those who are selling the image got it from Commons? Green Giant has a [[m:NonFreeWiki]] proposal. I've suggested that this should be commons, and that a process actually vet all files on Commons, and all files not vetted would be tagged as &quot;possibly non-free,&quot; by bot. Then, instead of deletion, other options open up: tagging as NC licensed, tagging as &quot;probable public domain, but not verified,&quot; tagging as &quot;in use under fair use,&quot; etc. Commons copyright expertise would then be harnessed non-desctructively. Green Giant, with much more Commons experience than I, thinks that the Commons community would never agree to this. I think they have never really been asked the right question.... --[[User:Abd|Abd]] ([[User talk:Abd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Abd|contribs]]) 14:38, 18 August 2015 (UTC)

::: I don't think people should be stopped from transferring files but there is no reason that local copies could not be kept. However I'm wary of knee-jerk reactions i.e. Wikiversity keeping files by default. If a user requests a local copy be kept then there should be a better reason than just &quot;I don't like the pitchfork-wielding policies of Commons&quot;. If a file is PD (public domain) or is licensed for reuse (without restrictions like -NC or -ND) then there is no earthly reason to prevent that file from going to Commons. Just so this is clear, a deleted file is simply hidden from public view - admins/custodians can still view most deleted files on their wiki. The only way to get a file properly deleted is for a sysadmin (a different kind of admin) to physically delete the image from the servers (this is usually only in response to DMCA takedowns). A couple of other matters need to be clarified - the file description page is on the local wiki but almost all images (including Commons) are kept at upload.wikimedia.org, so there are no actual images stored on Wikiversity, Commons or other wikis. Please also note that for every Commons file that is viewed here on Wikiversity, you can add a local description which hides the Commons description. Furthermore if a file on Wikiversity has the same name as a file on Commons (we call this shadowing), then only the &quot;local file&quot; will be visible on Wikiversity.
::: My experience of transferred files is that there are well-intentioned but often ill-informed people who transfer files to Commons but without checking things like the copyright status. I have had the displeasure of deleting transferred files because people won't do the leg-work needed to comply with Wikimedia Commons policies. I could just carry on doing this and be labelled a deletionist. However I've been trying to look at things from a different perspective i.e. get the files fixed before transfer and I have been shocked by the sheer numbers of files on other wikis. Right now, Wikiversity alone has thousands of files tagged as not having [[:Category:Files with no machine-readable license|machine-readable license]]. This might not concern some people but it is a significant cache of files that need attention and could be transferred by well-meaning users. This discussion has pushed forward my agenda (yes I have an agenda), which was to propose some changes at the &quot;target end&quot; (Commons) and at the &quot;source end&quot; eg Wikiversity. However the proposals are still at a draft stage so I'm only going to outline them:
:::* when files are transferred from a wiki like Wikiversity and subsequently deleted here, there should be a record kept, even if it is a bot keeping weekly pages updated
:::* when files are nominated for &quot;normal deletion&quot; at Commons, the nominator should leave a note on the talk page of every place that the file is in use on other wikis
:::* the deletion requests norm at Commons should be extended from the current 7-day minimum to either 14 days or even 28 days because unless it is a blatant copyright violation, I don't see why we need to hurry these discussions (we have a permanent backlog anyway of about three weeks)
:::* if a file is transferred from another wiki to Commons, and is then deleted, there should be a fast-track mechanism to allow the deleting  Commons admins to request the restoration of the file at the source wiki (whether or not it is restored would be up to the local admin)
:::* a local help page for transferring files or at least a local copy of the [[:w:WP:Transfer to Commons|Wikipedia help page]]
:::* a Trans-Wikimedia program to improve and share knowledge of copyright issues (perhaps based at Meta-Wiki?)
::: I don't think these are insurmountable challenges but an insular approach will not help. If you are struggling with Commons, then that is a good reason to engage each other rather than retreating into our home wikis. P.S. I welcome any suggestions on how to proceed with my agenda but please let's avoid launching requests for comments here and elsewhere until we can be sure how to move forward. I'll step down from my soapbox now. '''&lt;span style=&quot;text-shadow:#C0C0C0 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em&quot;&gt;[[User:Green Giant|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0F0;&quot;&gt;Green Giant&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Green Giant|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#00F;&quot;&gt;talk&lt;/span&gt;]])&lt;/span&gt;''' 18:31, 18 August 2015 (UTC)
::::I have put a substantial effort into engaging with the Commons community. My assessment: it is insular and doesn't generally give a fig about harm to other wikis and users. Commons process is ''routinely'' uncivil, and doing anything about it is unpopular. There are some truly fine people working on Commons (we see an example here). There are also some clearly suffering from some malady, and they have buttons to enforce their POV. I requested temporary undeletion of a set of files because I needed the original license information to support a user attempting OTRS review. It was denied and the request closed, in spite of policy allowing that. Yatta yatta. Sure, I could identify a friendly administrator. I only do that as a last resort. --[[User:Abd|Abd]] ([[User talk:Abd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Abd|contribs]]) 18:53, 18 August 2015 (UTC)
::::Thanks for the great information, GG, about file hosting and behavior. I'm aware of the untagged problem, and have worked on it from time to time. We need more help with that. However, there is another problem that you have not mentioned. Files are transferred to commons with some licensing claim. The uploader will then commonly tag them with [[Template:NowCommons]]. That has been treated as a speedy deletion reason. We may assume that most files transferred to Commons have some prima facie claim to being public domain or licensed for free use. But, later, some defect is asserted. And the user is gone, very often. Often the uploader is also gone. We have content using the file. Your proposal would allow us to be notified, perhaps, though we have much content that is on nobody's watchlist. If Commons deletes the file, let's assume there really is a licensing defect (sometimes there is not). We have lost content, and only a custodian here can recover it. Usually our custodians don't even notice. I only see these when I look at [[Special:Contributions/CommonsDelinker]]. And it can be a lot of work to fix the problem.
::::If we routinely don't delete based on NowCommons, there is no problem that I can see. All we are actually keeping or deleting here is the file description, including file history and licensing information.
::::The biggest problem with what you wrote is that even if a file has a claim of &quot;public domain,&quot; it may still be deleted. I think you just Kept a file that had such a claim (the Tombaugh photo discussion linked above). In fact, it appears to have been copyrighted and copyright not renewed, so still public domain, but for a different reason. Easily, if nobody had done the research on that, it could have gone the other way. '''I am seeing zero benefit from deletion, yet obvious and not uncommon harm.''' Notice: if the file is not deleted here, you won't need to make that &quot;fast track&quot; request for undeletion. It's already readable. As well, if the page is deleted on Commons, and there is a valid copyright concern, you can then tag the file here, according to our process. You can reference the Commons deletion discussion, so this could be very quick. (And it could be automated) And then we will handle it.
::::If the file is actually illegal and a fair use argument not possible, it should be deleted wherever it is. Whether it is on Commons or not is irrelevant!
::::By the way, that is a great set of proposals for Commons practice. Good luck. I can imagine opposition there. However, this could be done by bot, it is not necessary to require every nominating user to manually add all the notifications. Please point us to the discussions of your proposal! --[[User:Abd|Abd]] ([[User talk:Abd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Abd|contribs]]) 19:15, 18 August 2015 (UTC)
:::::It would be best done by bot but when this was recently queried by a Wiki-Sourcerer, the response was that technical problems would prevent a bot from doing this. I'm not so sure but I don't have enough coding experience to say either way. However, before that it would be useful to know whether this is something that Wikiversity would like to have. '''&lt;span style=&quot;text-shadow:#C0C0C0 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em&quot;&gt;[[User:Green Giant|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0F0;&quot;&gt;Green Giant&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Green Giant|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#00F;&quot;&gt;talk&lt;/span&gt;]])&lt;/span&gt;''' 20:16, 18 August 2015 (UTC)
::::::Ah, what we lose when we depend on the technocrats! If CommonsDelinker can seek out and remove every link, a bot could place a notification on the Talk page of every linked usage (or on the page itself if it is a Talk page already). A bot could also place a notification on a designated page for every wiki using a file of deletion under consideration. If the original is not deleted, a bot could ping the talk page, and could notify the original uploader. Etc. A great deal depends on the question that was asked, first of all; then answers can simply show lack of imagination. But this is off-topic here. This is only about whether or not we speedy-delete pages merely because they have been copied to Commons. --[[User:Abd|Abd]] ([[User talk:Abd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Abd|contribs]]) 20:59, 18 August 2015 (UTC)

*My change to SD item 4 was reverted because not discussed. It was, in fact, discussed in 2014, and was opposed then, also because not discussed (in spite of the discussion!), no actual opposition to the change was expressed then.[https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity_talk:Deletions&amp;oldid=1414769#Template:NowCommons] Again, now, no opposition has been expressed. My understanding of policy editing procedure is that widespread community review is only needed if a change is controversial, and consensus cannot be found. If, after more than a year, no opposition has appeared, I conclude it is not actually controversial. Hence I intend to edit the page, and request that it not be reverted ''unless the user actually opposes the change,'' in which case I request that this be discussed. --[[User:Abd|Abd]] ([[User talk:Abd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Abd|contribs]]) 00:21, 2 September 2015 (UTC)

::I oppose this, and any other policy/procedure changes until an announcement is posted in the colloquium making all users aware of the proposed change and giving them an opportunity to respond.  The proposal isn't controversial.  The attempt to change procedure without notice to all is the controversy.  -- [[User:Dave Braunschweig|Dave Braunschweig]] ([[User talk:Dave Braunschweig|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dave Braunschweig|contribs]]) 01:12, 2 September 2015 (UTC)
:::Great. The proposal is not controversial. Thanks. What is controversial, now, is the process. Policy pages have ''routinely'' been edited when there was no controversy, so a requirement that this be widely discussed is ''new'' and, in fact, contrary to standard process. Wider discussion is only needed for controversial changes (and this change has already been mentioned on the Colloquium). So I will take ''this issue'' to the Colloquium. Because this is about fundamental Wikiversity organizational process, it really should have a Community Review. --[[User:Abd|Abd]] ([[User talk:Abd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Abd|contribs]]) 02:43, 2 September 2015 (UTC)
:::'''Issue of change process raised at [[Colloquium#Wikiversity policy/guideline change process]]. --[[User:Abd|Abd]] ([[User talk:Abd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Abd|contribs]]) 17:46, 2 September 2015 (UTC)'''

== Speedy deletion process ==

There are various traditions and procedures that have been followed at various times here. We should understand that deletion is a relatively drastic measure, unless it isn't! Most of us want to clean up Wikiversity, but this can be done in a number of ways, including organizing content. A stub, for example, is harmless if organized in a certain way, and will waste user time if organized a different way; our generally tendency has been to delete stubs or content that does not seem useful. However, for the cleanup of Wikiversity to proceed, it must be ''easy.'' The following is a description of a procedure that is, in some ways, what I thought we already had, but some may disagree with that.

The goal of this is to clarify a process that is efficient, that avoids unnecessary controversy, yet that allows cleanup and that can be managed ''by the community,'' with custodian activity (as custodians) being limited to what is easy, with the only difficulty (requiring serious care) being closing discussions on [[WV:RFD]]. (Custodians are only needed for Delete closes, any experienced user, respecting consensus, may close discussions with some other result.)  --[[User:Abd|Abd]] ([[User talk:Abd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Abd|contribs]]) 03:23, 6 September 2015 (UTC)

'''This is broken into subsections on individual aspects of the process to allow discussion of each.''' --[[User:Abd|Abd]] ([[User talk:Abd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Abd|contribs]]) 05:20, 14 September 2015 (UTC)

===Ad hoc deletion===
This is deletion by a custodian with no request. It is based on the sole judgment of the custodian. This may be clearly based on the deletion guideline, or may be done for some other reason. I suggest that this kind of deletion be ''ordinarily limited'' to clear vandalism, obvious spam, or non-remediable copyright violation, where damage is immediate, so immediate response is necessary. This is covered in the present guideline as a speedy deletion, but I'm distinguishing it. --[[User:Abd|Abd]] ([[User talk:Abd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Abd|contribs]]) 03:23, 6 September 2015 (UTC)

===Speedy deletion===
This is deletion as an custodial response to a deletion tag ([[Template:Delete]]) placed by another. The tag will ordinarily give the reason, and by deleting, the custodian is agreeing with that. If a custodian thinks a page should be deleted, as a speedy deletion, the custodian should place a tag like any other user.. Wikiversity has established prompt response to tags, custodians have been doing a great job. What this procedure does is to set up quick review, where at least two users think a page should be deleted, ''and there is no opposition.'' Any user may remove a speedy deletion tag, if they see it before the page is deleted! --[[User:Abd|Abd]] ([[User talk:Abd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Abd|contribs]]) 03:23, 6 September 2015 (UTC)

===Review of deletion===
Any user may request a speedy or ad hoc deletion be undeleted, just as they may remove a speedy deletion tag, and this will not ordinarily require a &quot;reason.&quot; So far, in this process, no debate is necessary. We do not want to have a debate over every piece of garbage thrown in the trash, but if someone thinks the page is not garbage, or just wants to see it, it is quick work to undelete, much less work than ''discussing'' it. --[[User:Abd|Abd]] ([[User talk:Abd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Abd|contribs]]) 03:23, 6 September 2015 (UTC)

If a user wants a page deleted, and the custodian does not want to undelete it, this is a content dispute, and custodians, in theory, should have no advantage in content disputes. Because no custodian is required to do anything (ever), the standard procedure has been to request undeletion by the deleting custodian, and, if not satisfied with the response, to request undeletion on [[WV:Requests for Deletion]]. There has been opposition expressed to the individual custodian request, as if a request for undeletion was some kind of accusation of impropriety, which it is not, in itself. So we may simplify this with a tag that would be placed as a new page creation, with the deleted page name, requesting undeletion of the underlying page. (That tag will then stand as the latest edit, when the page is undeleted, until the page is edited.) --[[User:Abd|Abd]] ([[User talk:Abd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Abd|contribs]]) 14:18, 12 September 2015 (UTC)&lt;small&gt; edited [[User:Abd|Abd]] ([[User talk:Abd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Abd|contribs]]) 05:17, 14 September 2015 (UTC)&lt;/small&gt;

===Proposed deletion===
This is a process for what was originally called &quot;slow deletion.&quot; It starts a clock, allowing three months for improvement or objection to deletion to appear. Very often, nobody cares about a resource, and it will then be deleted when the proposed deletion period expires. I am suggesting, on [[Template talk:Proposed deletion]] that prod date be categorized by month, ''not be a speedy deletion reason,'' but allow any user to confirm deletion by placing a regular deletion tag. Key to understanding this is that anyone may remove a proposed deletion tag, and, again, discussion is not necessary for that. So far, this should not be a contentious process. If anyone wants to keep the page, they may. ''Where it is kept'' is another matter. The page might be moved, to user space, for example.

Proposed deletion, after a page is deleted, is subject to the same review as ad hoc or speedy deletion.

The present guideline says, about proposed deletions,
:''A custodian may examine the resource after 90 days, and either delete the resource or remove the proposal. Anyone may object by removing the proposed deletion template from the resource, with or without an explanation on the resource's discussion page. Anyone still considering that the resource should be deleted may discuss deletion.''

The immediate thought I had with this is that it shoves off responsibility for review of proposed deletions on custodians. That's not necessary. However, many proposed deletions were piling up in the [[:Category:Proposed deletions]] and there was no prioritization, i.e., no easy way to see which proposals might be ready to expired. At the end of 90 days, the page was placed in [[:Category:Pending deletions]], but these files were then subject to immediate deletion at the discretion of a custodian.

I have modified [[Template:Proposed deletion]] to generate a new [[:Category:60-day proposed deletions]], which shows proposed deletions that are 60 days old. These deletions (like any proposed deletion) are subject to review by the community, any user may handle this, assuming that it is handled in reasonable expectation of consensus, should the matter come up.

This, then, displayed for me the oldest prods. There are many ways to handle these, and a user may choose between them.
*The prod was overconservative, perhaps, or under the conditions (user not active anywhere, for example, and no significant loss if the page is deleted), 60 days was enough. So it may be tagged for speedy deletion, removing the prod.
*The page may be moved to an appropriate location where it need not be deleted. Common: a move to the user space of a registered user who created it or who was active on it.
*The page has a useful function as-is, so the prod may be removed.
*The page may be improved, so the user improves it. If the user wants more time for that, the user may ''renew the prod.'' Please don't simply remove a prod based on &quot;I -- or ''somebody''-- may improve this someday.&quot; In that case, you could renew the prod (you could even postdate it so that the prod takes longer to expire), or you could move the page to your user space. Pages on Wikiversity with no useful content cause harm when users arrive from a search and find nothing of value. User pages? Not a problem.
*For pages created by IP users, the page may be moved to a [[Wikiversity:Playspace]]. This is particularly appropriate for pages likely created by children, but &quot;Playspace&quot; is not just for children. It is a monitored space where harm will be avoided and user experimentation (&quot;play&quot;) is not quickly deleted.

I cleaned up the 60 day category in about an hour. As with any user's work, my work is subject to review. &quot;Speedy deletion&quot; is ''minimally discussed deletion,'' &quot;discussed&quot; only through tagging or untagging with edit summaries. If a discussion is needed, the normal place is [[WV:RFD]]. However, if a user shows repeated behavior that another user considers a problem, that discussion should normally start on the user's talk page.

Many hands make short work. We are now being very efficient in cleaning up the custodian requests that display at [[WV:RCA]]. --[[User:Abd|Abd]] ([[User talk:Abd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Abd|contribs]]) 14:15, 12 September 2015 (UTC)

===Discussed deletion===
It is remarkable how rare this has become, even while cleanup proceeds. If someone believes that a page is ''harmful,'' and other options are not available or have been opposed, then we have a discussed deletion process. The default is Keep, and only if there is consensus for deletion, particularly if rooted in argument and site welfare, will the page be deleted. These discussions take up user time and have often caused dissatisfaction with Wikiversity. Thus they are to be avoided if possible. Nevertheless, if someone, without good cause, stops the non-contested deletion process, the remedy is [[WV:Requests for Deletion]], ''discussed deletion.'' Up to that point, there need be no wasted custodian time. ''Dispute over deletion or undeletion'' is what wastes time. --[[User:Abd|Abd]] ([[User talk:Abd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Abd|contribs]]) 03:23, 6 September 2015 (UTC)</text>
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      <text bytes="66" sha1="3evl5jlytfsah53vkg4v51af69vy7k8" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Wikiversity:Deletion policy#Alternatives_to_deletion]]</text>
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      <text bytes="39" sha1="96bpjtl1mrll52zk8asem5wxb2p43bz" xml:space="preserve">== Szxzip ==
=== Motto ===
Time Forward</text>
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      <comment>/* The 8-point regular polytopes */ Clifford polygon</comment>
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      <text bytes="47145" sha1="kds5ao6jh6q1zkxj8v0c6iquqppgbsx" xml:space="preserve">{{align|center|David Brooks Christie}}
{{align|center|dc@samizdat.org}}
{{align|center|Draft in progress}}
{{align|center|January 2026 - April 2026}}

&lt;blockquote&gt;Steinbach discovered the formula for the ratios of diagonal to side in the regular polygons. Fontaine and Hurley extended this result, discovering a formula for the reciprocal of a regular polygon chord derived geometrically from the chord's star polygon. We observe that these findings in plane geometry apply more generally, to polytopes of any dimensionality. Fontaine and Hurley's geometric procedure for finding the reciprocals of the chords of a regular polygon from their star polygons also finds the rotational geodesics of any polytope of any dimensionality.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
== Introduction ==
Steinbach discovered the Diagonal Product Formula and the Golden Fields family of ratios of diagonal to side in the regular polygons. He showed how this family extends beyond the pentagon {5} with its well-known golden bisection proportional to 𝜙, finding that the heptagon {7} has an analogous trisection, the nonagon {9} has an analogous quadrasection, and the hendecagon {11} has an analogous pentasection, an extended family of golden proportions with quasiperiodic properties. 

Kappraff and Adamson extended these findings in plane geometry to a theory of Generalized Fibonacci Sequences, showing that the Golden Fields not only do not end with the hendecagon, they form an infinite number of periodic trajectories when operated on by the Mandelbrot operator. They found a relation between the edges of star polygons and dynamical systems in the state of chaos, revealing a connection between chaos theory, number, and rotations in Coxeter Euclidean geometry. 

Fontaine and Hurley examined Steinbach's finding that the length of each chord of a regular polygon is both the product of two chords and the sum of a set of smaller chords, so that in rotations to add is to multiply. They illustrated Steinbach's sets of additive chords lying parallel to each other in the plane (pointing in the same direction), and by applying Steinbach's formula more generally they found another summation relation of signed parallel chords (pointing in opposite directions) which relates each chord length to its reciprocal, and relates the summation to a distinct star polygon rotation. 

We examine these remarkable findings (which stem from study of the chords of humble regular polygons) in higher-dimensional spaces, specifically in the chords, polygons and rotations of the [[120-cell]], the largest four-dimensional regular convex polytope.

== Visualizing the 120-cell ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable floatright&quot; width=&quot;400&quot;
|style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot;|[[File:120-cell.gif|200px]]&lt;br&gt;Orthographic projection of the 600-point 120-cell &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\{5,3,3\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; performing a [[W:SO(4)#Geometry of 4D rotations|simple rotation]].{{Sfn|Hise|2011|loc=File:120-cell.gif|ps=; &quot;Created by Jason Hise with Maya and Macromedia Fireworks. A 3D projection of a 120-cell performing a [[W:SO(4)#Geometry of 4D rotations|simple rotation]].&quot;}} In this simplified rendering only the 120-cell's own edges are shown; its 29 interior chords are not rendered. Therefore even though it is translucent, only its outer surface is visible. The complex interior parts of the 120-cell, all its inscribed 5-cells, 16-cells, 8-cells, 24-cells, 600-cells and its much larger inventory of polyhedra, are completely invisible in this view, as none of their edges are rendered at all.
|style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot;|[[File:Ortho solid 016-uniform polychoron p33-t0.png|200px]]&lt;br&gt;Orthographic projection of the 600-point [[W:Great grand stellated 120-cell|great grand stellated 120-cell]] &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\{\tfrac{5}{2},3,3\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;.{{Sfn|Ruen: Great grand stellated 120-cell|2007}} The 120-cell is its convex hull. The projection to the left renders only the 120-cell's shortest chord, its 1200 edges. The projection above also renders only one of the 120-cell's 30 chords, the edges of its 120 inscribed regular 5-cells. The 120-cell itself (the convex hull) is invisible in this view, as its edges are not rendered.
|}

[[120-cell#Geometry|The 120-cell is the maximally complex regular 4-polytope]], containing inscribed instances of every regular 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-polytope, except the regular polygons of more than {15} sides. 

The 120-cell is the convex hull of a regular [[120-cell#Relationships among interior polytopes|compound of each of the 6 regular convex 4-polytopes]]. They are the [[5-cell|5-point (5-cell) 4-simplex]], the [[16-cell|8-point (16-cell) 4-orthoplex]], the [[W:Tesseract|16-point (8-cell) tesseract]], the [[24-cell|24-point (24-cell)]], the [[600-cell|120-point (600-cell)]], and the [[120-cell|600-point (120-cell)]]. The 120-cell is the convex hull of a compound of 120 disjoint regular 5-cells, of 75 disjoint 16-cells, of 25 disjoint 24-cells, and of 5 disjoint 600-cells.

The 120-cell contains an even larger inventory of irregular polytopes, created by the intersection of multiple instances of these component regular 4-polytopes. Many are quite unexpected, because they do not occur as components of any regular polytope smaller than the 120-cell. As just one example among the [[120-cell#Concentric hulls|sections of the 120-cell]], there is an irregular 24-point polyhedron with 16 triangle faces and 4 nonagon {9} faces.{{Sfn|Moxness|}}

Most renderings of the 120-cell, like the rotating projection here, only illustrate its outer surface, which is a honeycomb of face-bonded dodecahedral cells. Only the objects in its 3-dimensional surface are rendered, namely the 120 dodecahedra, their pentagon faces, and their edges. Although the 120-cell has chords of 30 distinct lengths, in this kind of simplified rendering only the 120-cell's own edges (its shortest chord) are shown. Its 29 interior chords, the edges of objects in the interior of the 120-cell, are not rendered, so interior objects are not visible at all.

Visualizing the complete interior of the 600-vertex 120-cell in a single image is impractical because of its complexity. Only four 120-cell edges are incident at each vertex, but [[120-cell#Chords|600 chords (of all 30 lengths)]] are incident at ''each'' vertex.

== Compounds in the 120-cell ==
The 8-point (16-cell), not the 5-point (5-cell), is the smallest building block; it compounds to every larger regular 4-polytope. The 5-point (5-cell) does compound to the 600-point (120-cell), but it does not fit into any smaller regular 4-polytope. 

The 8-point (16-cell) compounds by 2 in the 16-point (8-cell), and by 3 in the 24-point (24-cell). The 16-point (8-cell) compounds in the 24-point (24-cell) by 3 non-disjoint instances of itself, with each of the 24 vertices shared by two 16-point (8-cells). The 24-point (24-cell) compounds by 5 disjoint instances of itself in the 120-point (600-cell), and the 120-point (600-cell) compounds by 5 disjoint instances of itself in the 600-point (120-cell).

The 24-point (24-cell) also compounds by &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; non-disjoint instances of itself in the 120-point (600-cell); it compounds in 5 disjoint instances of itself, 10 (not 5) different ways. Whichever set of 5 disjoint 24-point (24-cells) are assembled, the resulting 120-point (600-cell) contains 25 distinct 24-point (24-cells), not just 5 (or 10). This implies that 15 disjoint 8-point (16-cells) will construct a 120-point (600-cell), which will contain 75 distinct 8-point (16-cells). 

The 600-point (120-cell) is 5 disjoint 120-point (600-cells), just 2 different ways (not 5 or 10 ways), so it is 10 distinct 120-point (600-cells). This implies that the 8-point (16-cell) compounds by 3 times &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; (75) disjoint instances of itself in the 600-point (120-cell), which contains &lt;math&gt;3^2&lt;/math&gt; times  &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; (225) distinct instances of the 24-point (24-cell), and  &lt;math&gt;3^3&lt;/math&gt; times &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; (675) distinct instances of the 8-point (16-cell). 

These facts were discovered painstakingly by various researchers, and no one has found a general rule governing subsumption relations among regular polytopes. The reasons for some of their numeric incidence relations are far from obvious. [[W:Pieter Hendrik Schoute|Schoute]] was the first to see that the 120-point (600-cell) is a compound of 5 24-point (24-cells) ''10 different ways'', and after he saw it a hundred years lapsed until Denney, Hooker, Johnson, Robinson, Butler &amp; Claiborne proved his result, and showed why.{{Sfn|Denney, Hooker, Johnson, Robinson, Butler &amp; Claiborne|2020|loc=''The geometry of H4 polytopes''}}

So much for the compounds of 16-cells. The 120-cell is also the convex hull of the compound of 120 disjoint regular 5-cells. That stellated compound (without its convex hull of 120-cell edges) is the [[w:Great_grand_stellated_120-cell|great grand stellated 120-cell]] illustrated above, the final regular [[W:Stellation|stellation]] of the 120-cell, and the only [[W:Schläfli-Hess polychoron|regular star 4-polytope]] to have the 120-cell for its convex hull. The edges of the great grand stellated 120-cell are &lt;math&gt;\phi^6&lt;/math&gt; as long as those of its 120-cell [[W:List of polyhedral stellations#Stellation process|stellation core]] deep inside.

The compound of 120 disjoint 5-point (5-cells) can be seen to be equivalent to the compound of 5 disjoint 120-point (600-cells), as follows. Beginning with a single 120-point (600-cell), expand each vertex into a regular 5-cell, by adding 4 new equidistant vertices, such that the 5 vertices form a regular 5-cell inscribed in the 3-sphere. The 120 5-cells are disjoint, and the 600 vertices form 5 disjoint 120-point (600-cells): a 120-cell.

== Thirty distinguished distances ==
The 30 numbers listed in the table are all-important in Euclidean geometry. A case can be made on symmetry grounds that their squares are the 30 most important numbers between 0 and 4. The 30 rows of the table are the 30 distinct [[120-cell#Geodesic rectangles|chord lengths of the unit-radius 120-cell]], the largest regular convex 4-polytope. Since the 120-cell subsumes all smaller regular polytopes, its 30 chords are the complete chord set of all the regular polytopes that can be constructed in the first four dimensions of Euclidean space, except for regular polygons of more than 15 sides.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center&quot;
!rowspan=2|&lt;math&gt;c_t&lt;/math&gt;
!rowspan=2|arc
!rowspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{n}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
!rowspan=2|&lt;math&gt;\left\{p\right\}&lt;/math&gt;
!rowspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;m\left\{\frac{k}{d}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
!rowspan=2|Steinbach roots
!colspan=7|Chord lengths of the unit 120-cell
|-
!colspan=5|unit-radius length &lt;math&gt;c_t&lt;/math&gt;
!colspan=2|unit-edge length &lt;math&gt;c_t/c_1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;br&gt;in 120-cell of radius &lt;math&gt;c_8=\sqrt{2}\phi^2&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{1,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;15.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{30\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{30\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{4,1}-c_{2,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7-3 \sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.270091&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2} \phi ^2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2 \phi ^4}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.072949}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{2,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;25.2{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{2}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \left\{15\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(c_{18,1}-c_{4,1}\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{3-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.437016&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2} \phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2 \phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.190983}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.61803&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{3,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;36{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{10\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3 \left\{\frac{10}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(\sqrt{5}-1\right) c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(\sqrt{5}-1\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.618034&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.381966}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.28825&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{4,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;41.4{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{c_{8,1}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.707107&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.61803&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{5,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;44.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{4}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \left\{\frac{15}{2}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} c_{2,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{9-3 \sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.756934&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}}{\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2 \phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.572949}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} \phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.80252&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{6,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;49.1{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{17}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{5-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{5-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.831254&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi }}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.690983}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi ^3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.07768&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{7,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;56.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{20}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{\phi }} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.93913&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{\frac{\psi }{\phi }}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\psi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.881966}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\psi  \phi ^3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.47709&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;60{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{5}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{6\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{6\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.70246&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{9,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;66.1{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{40}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{2 \phi }} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.09132&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{\frac{\chi }{\phi }}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\chi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.19098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\chi  \phi ^3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.04057&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{10,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;69.8{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{11}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi  c_{4,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2 \sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.14412&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\phi }{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\phi ^2}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.30902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^3&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.23607&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{11,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;72{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{6}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{5\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{5\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi }} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.17557&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3-\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3-\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.38197}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \sqrt{3-\phi } \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.3525&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{12,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;75.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{24}{5}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.22474&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.53457&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{13,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;81.1{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{13}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{9-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{9-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.30038&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{9-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(9-\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.69098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(9-\sqrt{5}\right)} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.8146&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{14,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;84.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{40}{9}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi } c_{8,1}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{1+\sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.345&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi }}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{5} \phi }{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.80902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi ^5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.9798&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{15,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;90.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{4\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{4\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 c_{4,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.41421&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.23607&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{16,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;95.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{29}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{11-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.4802&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(11-\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.19098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(11-\sqrt{5}\right)} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.48037&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{17,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;98.9{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{31}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7+\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{7+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.51954&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{7+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(7+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.30902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\psi  \phi ^5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.62605&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{18,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;104.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{8}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{15}{4}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.58114&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{5} \sqrt{\phi ^4}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.8541&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{19,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;108.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{9}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{10}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{3,1}+c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(1+\sqrt{5}\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.61803&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1+\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.61803}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \phi ^3&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.9907&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{20,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;110.2{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{13-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.64042&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(13-\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.69098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\phi ^2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.07359&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{21,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;113.9{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{19}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.67601&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.80902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\frac{\chi }{\phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.20537&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{22,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;120{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{10}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{3\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{3\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.73205&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{6} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.41285&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{23,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;124.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{41}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi }+\frac{5}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.7658&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4-\frac{\psi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4-\frac{\psi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.11803}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\chi  \phi ^5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.53779&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{24,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;130.9{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{20}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{11+\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.81907&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(11+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.30902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\frac{\sqrt{5}}{\phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.73503&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{25,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;135.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{11}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{11}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7+3 \sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7+3 \sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.85123&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\phi ^2}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\phi ^4}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.42705}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^4&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.8541&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{26,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;138.6{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{12}{5}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.87083&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{7} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.92667&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{27,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;144{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{12}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{5}{2}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(5+\sqrt{5}\right)} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(5+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.90211&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\phi +2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2+\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.61803}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{2 \phi +4}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.0425&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{28,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;154.8{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{13}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{13}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{13+\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.95167&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(13+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.80902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\frac{1}{\phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.22598&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{29,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;164.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{14}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{15}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi  c_{12,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{\frac{3}{2}} \left(1+\sqrt{5}\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.98168&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}} \phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3 \phi ^2}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.92705}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} \phi ^3&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.33708&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{30,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;180{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{15}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{2\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{2\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \sqrt{2} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.40492&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|rowspan=4 colspan=6|
|rowspan=4 colspan=4|
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; is the golden ratio:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2-\phi -1=0&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\phi }+1=\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;, and: &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi+1=\phi^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\phi }::1::\phi ::\phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1/\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; and &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; are the golden sections of &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi +\frac{1}{\phi }=\sqrt{5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi = (\sqrt{5} + 1)/2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.618034&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\chi = (3\sqrt{5} + 1)/2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.854102&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\psi = (3\sqrt{5} - 1)/2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.854102&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\psi = 11/\chi = 22/(3\sqrt{5} + 1)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.854102&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|}

...

== The 8-point regular polytopes ==
In 2-space we have the regular 8-point octagon, in 3-space the regular 8-point cube, and in 4-space the regular 8-point [[16-cell]].

A planar octagon with rigid edges of unit length has chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=1,r_2=\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}} \approx 1.84776,r_3=1+\sqrt{2} \approx 2.41421,r_4=\sqrt{4 + \sqrt{8}} \approx 2.61313&lt;/math&gt;

The chord ratio &lt;math&gt;r_3=1+\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt; is a geometrical proportion, the [[W:Silver ratio|silver ratio]]. Fontaine and Hurley's procedure for obtaining the reciprocal of a chord tells us that:

:&lt;math&gt;r_3-r_1-r_1=1/r_3 \approx 0.41421&lt;/math&gt;

Note that &lt;math&gt;1/r_3=\sqrt{2}-1=r_3-2&lt;/math&gt;.

If we embed this planar octagon in 3-space, we can make it skew, repositioning its vertices so that each is one unit-edge length distant from three others instead of two others, at the vertices of a unit-edge cube with chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=1, r_2=\sqrt{2}, r_3=\sqrt{3}, r_4=\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;

If we embed this cube in 4-space, we can skew it some more, repositioning its vertices so that each is one unit-edge length distant from six others instead of three others, at the vertices of a unit-edge 4-polytope with chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=1,r_2=1,r_3=1,r_4=\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;

All of its chords except its long diameters are the same unit length as its edge. In fact they are its 24 edges, and it is a 16-cell of radius &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1/\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;.

[[File:octagon16cell.png|thumb|Orthogonal projection of a regular 16-cell to the [[16-cell#Projections|B&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; Coxeter plane]]. Only its edges are shown; its long diameter chords are not drawn. All 24 edges are the same length. Only the edges of the two disjoint squares lie parallel to the projection plane, in completely orthogonal central planes.]]

The [[16-cell]] is the [[W:Regular convex 4-polytope|regular convex 4-polytope]] with [[W:Schläfli symbol|Schläfli symbol]] {3,3,4}. It has 8 vertices, 24 edges, 32 equilateral triangle faces, and 16 regular tetrahedron cells. It is the [[16-cell#Octahedral dipyramid|four-dimensional analogue of the octahedron]], and each of its four orthogonal central hyperplanes is an octahedron.

The only planar regular polygons found in the 16-cell are face triangles and central plane squares, but the 16-cell also contains a skew regular octagon, its [[W:Petrie polygon|Petrie polygon]]. The chords of this regular octagon, which lies skew in 4-space, are those given above for the 16-cell, as opposed to those for the cube or the regular octagon in the plane. The 16-cell is a construct of 3 Petrie octagons which share the same 8 vertices but have disjoint sets of 8 edges each.

The regular octad has higher symmetry in 4-space than it does in 2-space. The 16-cell is the 4-orthoplex, the simplest regular 4-polytope after the [[5-cell|4-simplex]]. All the larger regular 4-polytopes, including the 120-cell, are compounds of the 16-cell. The regular octagon exhibits this high symmetry only when embedded in 4-space at the vertices of the 16-cell.

The 16-cell constitutes an [[W:Orthonormal basis|orthonormal basis]] for the choice of a 4-dimensional Cartesian reference frame, because its vertices define four orthogonal axes. The eight vertices of a unit-radius 16-cell are (±1, 0, 0, 0), (0, ±1, 0, 0), (0, 0, ±1, 0), (0, 0, 0, ±1). All vertices are connected by &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; edges except opposite pairs. 

The vertex coordinates of the 16-cell form 6 central squares lying in 6 pairwise [[W:Orthogonal|orthogonal]] coordinate planes. Great squares in ''opposite'' planes that do not share an axis (e.g. in the ''xy'' and ''wz'' planes) are completely disjoint (they do not intersect at any vertices). These planes are [[W:Completely orthogonal|completely orthogonal]].{{Efn|name=Six orthogonal planes of the Cartesian basis}}

Since this unit-radius coordinate system is convenient, let us derive the unit-radius 16-cell by skewing a unit-radius planar octagon, which has chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=\sqrt{2-\sqrt{2}} \approx 0.76537,r_2=\sqrt{2},r_3=\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}} \approx 1.84776,r_4=2&lt;/math&gt;

We will need a planar octagon with rigid &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; chords, rather than one with rigid &lt;math&gt;r_1&lt;/math&gt; edges. The octagon's &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; chords form two disjoint great squares, visible in the orthogonal projection, which we can reposition in 3-space to form a cube by making them parallel, and in 4-space to form a 16-cell by making them completely orthogonal.

In the 16-cell the two completely orthogonal great squares formed by the &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; chords are both parallel and perpendicular to each other. A ''simple'' rotation of the 16-cell in ''one'' of those two central planes rotates that square like a wheel, while the other square does not move. The four vertices of the rotating square orbit on a great circle in the plane.

The &lt;math&gt;r_1&lt;/math&gt; chords of the 16-cell form a Petrie polygon which zig-zags back and forth between the two completely orthogonal &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; squares.

The &lt;math&gt;r_3&lt;/math&gt; chords of the 16-cell form a circular helix, visible as a skew {8/3} octagram in the orthogonal projection. A ''double'' rotation of the 16-cell, in ''both'' of the two completely orthogonal &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; square planes at once by the same angle, moves the eight vertices along the circular helix over the &lt;math&gt;r_3&lt;/math&gt; chords. The circular helix is a [[w:Geodesic|geodesic]] great circle on the 3-sphere of a special kind: it does not lie in a central plane, its circumference is &lt;math&gt;4 \pi&lt;/math&gt;, and it occurs in either a left or right chiral form. We shall refer to the circular helix {8/3} octagram as the 16-cell's ''Clifford polygon''.

[[W:Rotations in 4-dimensional Euclidean space|Rotations in 4-dimensional Euclidean space]] can be seen as the composition of two 2-dimensional rotations in completely orthogonal planes. The general rotation in 4-space is a double rotation in pairs of completely orthogonal planes. Two completely orthogonal planes are called invariant planes of the rotation when all points in the plane rotate on circles that remain in the plane, even as the whole plane tilts sideways (like a coin flipping) into another plane. The two completely orthogonal rotations of each plane (like a wheel, and like a coin flipping) are simultaneous but independent, in that they are not geometrically constrained to turn at the same rate. However, the most circular kind of rotation (as opposed to an elliptical double rotation of a rigid spherical object) occurs when the invariant planes do rotate through the same angle in the same time interval. Such equi-angled double rotations are called [[w:SO(4)#Isoclinic_rotations|isoclinic]], also [[w:William_Kingdon_Clifford|Clifford]] displacements.

The 16-cell is the simplest possible frame in which to [[16-cell#Rotations|observe 4-dimensional rotations]] because its characteristic rotations feature a single pair of invariant rotation planes. In the 16-cell an isoclinic rotation by 90° in any pair of invariant completely orthogonal square central planes takes every square central plane to its completely orthogonal square central plane in a twisting displacement, as they tilt sideways 90° into each other's plane while rotating 90° internally. All the vertices move at once on the same circular helix geodesic, displaced 90° in 8 orthogonal directions, and the rigid 16-cell assumes a new orientation in 4-space. When the 90° isoclinic rotation is continued in the same rotational direction through an additional 90°, each vertex is again displaced 90°, but from the new orientation in a direction orthogonal to its first 90° displacement. After 360° of rotation each vertex reaches its antipodal position.

The trajectory of each vertex over each 90° isoclinic rotational displacement is a one-eighth segment of its geodesic orbit. Its entire orbit traces a circular helix in 4-space over eight &lt;math&gt;r_3&lt;/math&gt; chords, and also traces an ordinary great circle twice over the four &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; chords within one of the two moving invariant rotation planes. In the course of a 720° isoclinic rotation each vertex departs from all 8 vertex positions just once and returns to its original position, and the 16-cell returns to its original orientation.

== Hypercubes ==
The long diameter of the unit-edge [[W:Hypercube|hypercube]] of dimension &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; is &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{n}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;, so the unit-edge [[w:Tesseract|4-hypercube, the 16-point (8-cell) tesseract,]] has chords:
:&lt;math&gt;r_1=\sqrt{1},r_2=\sqrt{2},r_3=\sqrt{3},r_4=\sqrt{4}&lt;/math&gt;
Uniquely in its 4-dimensional case, the hypercube's edge length equals its radius, like the hexagon. We call such polytopes ''radially equilateral'', because they can be constructed from equilateral triangles which meet at their center, each contributing two radii and an edge. The cuboctahedron and the 24-cell are also radially equilateral.

The [[W:Tesseract|tesseract]] is the [[W:Regular convex 4-polytope|regular convex 4-polytope]] with [[W:Schläfli symbol|Schläfli symbol]] {4,3,3}. It has 16 vertices, 32 edges, 24 square faces, and 8 cube cells. It is the four-dimensional analogue of the cube.

The tesseract is the [[W:Dual polytope|dual polytope]] of the 16-cell. They have the same Petrie polygon, the regular octagon, but the tesseract contains 2 disjoint instances and 4 distinct instances of the skew octagon. We can construct the tesseract by skewing two planar octagons. Because the tesseract is radially equilateral (unlike the 16-cell), we start with our original octagon of unit-edge length, rather than the octagon of edge length &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; that we needed to build the unit-radius 16-cell.

For our tesseract construction we skew each planar octagon into a cube, so we have a compound of two completely orthogonal cubes. Provided the planes were completely orthogonal in 4-space and we skewed them both the same way, the 16 vertices will be the vertices of a tesseract with half of its 32 edges missing.

The 16-point tesseract is the convex hull of a compound of two 8-point 16-cells, in exact dimensional analogy to the way the 8-point cube is the convex hull of a [[W:Stellated octahedron|compound of two regular 4-point tetrahedra]]. The [[W:Demihypercube|demihypercubes]] occupy alternate vertices of the hypercubes. The diagonals of the square faces of the unit-radius tesseract are the &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; edges of two unit-radius 16-cells, which are also the edges of the square central planes.

Because the tesseract contains two 16-cells in alternate positions it has two sets of 6 orthogonal square central planes. Two angles are required to specify the relationship between two planes in 4-space. Pairs of planes within each 16-cell are 90° apart in one angle, and either 0° or 90° apart in the other angle. They are 90° apart in both angles if and only if they are completely orthogonal planes, 90° apart by isoclinic rotation, with no vertices in common and their corresponding vertices 180° apart. Otherwise they are 0° apart in one of the angles, 90° apart by simple rotation with their corresponding vertices 90° apart, and they intersect in one axis and lie in a common 3-dimensional hyperplane.{{Efn|A double rotation in which one of the two angles of rotation is 0°, so that one of the completely orthogonal invariant planes does not rotate, is called a simple rotation. Ordinary rotations observed in a 3-dimensional space are simple rotations.}}

A pair of square central planes from alternate 16-cells are 60° apart by isoclinic rotation, with their corresponding vertices 120° apart. The planes are not orthogonal or parallel, so they intersect in a line somewhere, but they have no vertices in common, they have no 3-dimensional hyperplane in common, and they cannot reach each other by simple rotation. Such pairs of objects are called [[W:Clifford parallel|Clifford parallel]] because all their corresponding pairs of vertices are the same distance apart, although they are not parallel in the usual sense, because they have a common center. Not only the alternate 16-cells' corresponding square central planes, but also the 16-cells themselves, are Clifford parallel objects.

We can rotate the tesseract isoclinically the way we rotated the 16-cell, by 90° in two completely orthogonal invariant square central planes, with the same effect on both alternate 16-cells. In the course of a 720° isoclinic rotation in invariant square central planes each vertex departs from all 8 vertex positions of its 16-cell just once and returns to its original position, but it does not visit the vertex positions of the other 16-cell. The skew octagon geodesic orbits of the 16 vertices lie on two disjoint octagram circular helixes of the same chirality, which are Clifford parallel objects that form a circular double helix.

== The 24-cell ==
In 2-space we have the radially equilateral 6-point hexagon. In 3-space we have the radially equilateral 12-point cuboctahedron, with 4 hexagonal central planes. In 4-space we have the radially equilateral 24-point 24-cell, with 4 cuboctahedral central hyperplanes and 16 hexagonal central planes.

Great hexagons are a rounder choice than great squares for the invariant rotation planes in which to rotate a 4-polytope isoclinically. The complete hexagonal isoclinic revolution requires 720° like the square isoclinic revolution, but it is completed in 6 chordal steps of 120° each rather than 8 chordal steps of 90° each.

...

== The 600-cell ==

...

== Finally the 120-cell ==

...

== Conclusions ==

Fontaine and Hurley's discovery is more than a formula for the reciprocal of a regular ''n''-polygon diagonal. It also yields the discrete sequence of isocline chords of the distinct isoclinic rotation characteristic of a ''d''-dimensional regular polytope. The characteristic rotational chord sequence of the ''d''-polytope can be represented geometrically in two dimensions on a distinct star polygon, but it lies on a geodesic circle through ''d''-dimensional space. Fontaine and Hurley discovered the geodesic topology of polytopes generally. Their procedure will reveal the geodesics of arbitrary non-uniform polytopes, since it can be applied to a polytope of any dimensionality and irregularity, by first fitting the polytope to the smallest regular polygon whose chords include its chords.

Fontaine and Hurley's discovery of a chordal formula for isoclinic rotations closes the circuit on Kappraff and Adamson's discovery of a rotational connection between dynamical systems, Steinbach's golden fields, and Coxeter's Euclidean geometry of ''n'' dimensions. Application of the Fontaine and Hurley procedure in higher-dimensional spaces demonstrates why the connection exists: because polytope sequences generally, from Steinbach's golden polygon chord sequences, to chord sequences in isoclinic rotation helixes, to subsumption relations in the sequence of regular 4-polytopes, arise as expressions of the reflections and rotations of distinct Coxeter symmetry groups, when those various groups interact.

== Appendix: Sequence of regular 4-polytopes ==
{{Regular convex 4-polytopes|wiki=W:|columns=7}}

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== Citations ==
{{Reflist}}

== References ==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Cite journal | last=Steinbach | first=Peter | year=1997 | title=Golden fields: A case for the Heptagon | journal=Mathematics Magazine | volume=70 | issue=Feb 1997 | pages=22–31 | doi=10.1080/0025570X.1997.11996494 | jstor=2691048 | ref={{SfnRef|Steinbach|1997}} }}
* {{Cite journal | last=Steinbach | first=Peter | year=2000 | title=Sections Beyond Golden| journal=Bridges: Mathematical Connections in Art, Music and Science | issue=2000 | pages=35-44 | url=https://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2000/bridges2000-35.pdf | ref={{SfnRef|Steinbach|2000}}}}
* {{Cite journal | last1=Kappraff | first1=Jay | last2=Jablan | first2=Slavik | last3=Adamson | first3=Gary | last4=Sazdanovich | first4=Radmila | year=2004 | title=Golden Fields, Generalized Fibonacci Sequences, and Chaotic Matrices | journal=Forma | volume=19 | pages=367-387 | url=https://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2005/bridges2005-369.pdf | ref={{SfnRef|Kappraff, Jablan, Adamson &amp; Sazdanovich|2004}} }}
* {{Cite journal | last1=Kappraff | first1=Jay | last2=Adamson | first2=Gary | year=2004 | title=Polygons and Chaos | journal=Dynamical Systems and Geometric Theories | url=https://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2001/bridges2001-67.pdf | ref={{SfnRef|Kappraff &amp; Adamson|2004}} }}
* {{Cite journal | last1=Fontaine | first1=Anne | last2=Hurley | first2=Susan | year=2006 | title=Proof by Picture: Products and Reciprocals of Diagonal Length Ratios in the Regular Polygon | journal=Forum Geometricorum | volume=6 | pages=97-101 | url=https://scispace.com/pdf/proof-by-picture-products-and-reciprocals-of-diagonal-length-1aian8mgp9.pdf }}
{{Refend}}</text>
      <sha1>kds5ao6jh6q1zkxj8v0c6iquqppgbsx</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>2809944</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Dc.samizdat</username>
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      <comment>/* The 8-point regular polytopes */</comment>
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      <text bytes="47174" sha1="skiw4lyn9xdq43a24c04w4f35q0v5xp" xml:space="preserve">{{align|center|David Brooks Christie}}
{{align|center|dc@samizdat.org}}
{{align|center|Draft in progress}}
{{align|center|January 2026 - April 2026}}

&lt;blockquote&gt;Steinbach discovered the formula for the ratios of diagonal to side in the regular polygons. Fontaine and Hurley extended this result, discovering a formula for the reciprocal of a regular polygon chord derived geometrically from the chord's star polygon. We observe that these findings in plane geometry apply more generally, to polytopes of any dimensionality. Fontaine and Hurley's geometric procedure for finding the reciprocals of the chords of a regular polygon from their star polygons also finds the rotational geodesics of any polytope of any dimensionality.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
== Introduction ==
Steinbach discovered the Diagonal Product Formula and the Golden Fields family of ratios of diagonal to side in the regular polygons. He showed how this family extends beyond the pentagon {5} with its well-known golden bisection proportional to 𝜙, finding that the heptagon {7} has an analogous trisection, the nonagon {9} has an analogous quadrasection, and the hendecagon {11} has an analogous pentasection, an extended family of golden proportions with quasiperiodic properties. 

Kappraff and Adamson extended these findings in plane geometry to a theory of Generalized Fibonacci Sequences, showing that the Golden Fields not only do not end with the hendecagon, they form an infinite number of periodic trajectories when operated on by the Mandelbrot operator. They found a relation between the edges of star polygons and dynamical systems in the state of chaos, revealing a connection between chaos theory, number, and rotations in Coxeter Euclidean geometry. 

Fontaine and Hurley examined Steinbach's finding that the length of each chord of a regular polygon is both the product of two chords and the sum of a set of smaller chords, so that in rotations to add is to multiply. They illustrated Steinbach's sets of additive chords lying parallel to each other in the plane (pointing in the same direction), and by applying Steinbach's formula more generally they found another summation relation of signed parallel chords (pointing in opposite directions) which relates each chord length to its reciprocal, and relates the summation to a distinct star polygon rotation. 

We examine these remarkable findings (which stem from study of the chords of humble regular polygons) in higher-dimensional spaces, specifically in the chords, polygons and rotations of the [[120-cell]], the largest four-dimensional regular convex polytope.

== Visualizing the 120-cell ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable floatright&quot; width=&quot;400&quot;
|style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot;|[[File:120-cell.gif|200px]]&lt;br&gt;Orthographic projection of the 600-point 120-cell &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\{5,3,3\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; performing a [[W:SO(4)#Geometry of 4D rotations|simple rotation]].{{Sfn|Hise|2011|loc=File:120-cell.gif|ps=; &quot;Created by Jason Hise with Maya and Macromedia Fireworks. A 3D projection of a 120-cell performing a [[W:SO(4)#Geometry of 4D rotations|simple rotation]].&quot;}} In this simplified rendering only the 120-cell's own edges are shown; its 29 interior chords are not rendered. Therefore even though it is translucent, only its outer surface is visible. The complex interior parts of the 120-cell, all its inscribed 5-cells, 16-cells, 8-cells, 24-cells, 600-cells and its much larger inventory of polyhedra, are completely invisible in this view, as none of their edges are rendered at all.
|style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot;|[[File:Ortho solid 016-uniform polychoron p33-t0.png|200px]]&lt;br&gt;Orthographic projection of the 600-point [[W:Great grand stellated 120-cell|great grand stellated 120-cell]] &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\{\tfrac{5}{2},3,3\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;.{{Sfn|Ruen: Great grand stellated 120-cell|2007}} The 120-cell is its convex hull. The projection to the left renders only the 120-cell's shortest chord, its 1200 edges. The projection above also renders only one of the 120-cell's 30 chords, the edges of its 120 inscribed regular 5-cells. The 120-cell itself (the convex hull) is invisible in this view, as its edges are not rendered.
|}

[[120-cell#Geometry|The 120-cell is the maximally complex regular 4-polytope]], containing inscribed instances of every regular 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-polytope, except the regular polygons of more than {15} sides. 

The 120-cell is the convex hull of a regular [[120-cell#Relationships among interior polytopes|compound of each of the 6 regular convex 4-polytopes]]. They are the [[5-cell|5-point (5-cell) 4-simplex]], the [[16-cell|8-point (16-cell) 4-orthoplex]], the [[W:Tesseract|16-point (8-cell) tesseract]], the [[24-cell|24-point (24-cell)]], the [[600-cell|120-point (600-cell)]], and the [[120-cell|600-point (120-cell)]]. The 120-cell is the convex hull of a compound of 120 disjoint regular 5-cells, of 75 disjoint 16-cells, of 25 disjoint 24-cells, and of 5 disjoint 600-cells.

The 120-cell contains an even larger inventory of irregular polytopes, created by the intersection of multiple instances of these component regular 4-polytopes. Many are quite unexpected, because they do not occur as components of any regular polytope smaller than the 120-cell. As just one example among the [[120-cell#Concentric hulls|sections of the 120-cell]], there is an irregular 24-point polyhedron with 16 triangle faces and 4 nonagon {9} faces.{{Sfn|Moxness|}}

Most renderings of the 120-cell, like the rotating projection here, only illustrate its outer surface, which is a honeycomb of face-bonded dodecahedral cells. Only the objects in its 3-dimensional surface are rendered, namely the 120 dodecahedra, their pentagon faces, and their edges. Although the 120-cell has chords of 30 distinct lengths, in this kind of simplified rendering only the 120-cell's own edges (its shortest chord) are shown. Its 29 interior chords, the edges of objects in the interior of the 120-cell, are not rendered, so interior objects are not visible at all.

Visualizing the complete interior of the 600-vertex 120-cell in a single image is impractical because of its complexity. Only four 120-cell edges are incident at each vertex, but [[120-cell#Chords|600 chords (of all 30 lengths)]] are incident at ''each'' vertex.

== Compounds in the 120-cell ==
The 8-point (16-cell), not the 5-point (5-cell), is the smallest building block; it compounds to every larger regular 4-polytope. The 5-point (5-cell) does compound to the 600-point (120-cell), but it does not fit into any smaller regular 4-polytope. 

The 8-point (16-cell) compounds by 2 in the 16-point (8-cell), and by 3 in the 24-point (24-cell). The 16-point (8-cell) compounds in the 24-point (24-cell) by 3 non-disjoint instances of itself, with each of the 24 vertices shared by two 16-point (8-cells). The 24-point (24-cell) compounds by 5 disjoint instances of itself in the 120-point (600-cell), and the 120-point (600-cell) compounds by 5 disjoint instances of itself in the 600-point (120-cell).

The 24-point (24-cell) also compounds by &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; non-disjoint instances of itself in the 120-point (600-cell); it compounds in 5 disjoint instances of itself, 10 (not 5) different ways. Whichever set of 5 disjoint 24-point (24-cells) are assembled, the resulting 120-point (600-cell) contains 25 distinct 24-point (24-cells), not just 5 (or 10). This implies that 15 disjoint 8-point (16-cells) will construct a 120-point (600-cell), which will contain 75 distinct 8-point (16-cells). 

The 600-point (120-cell) is 5 disjoint 120-point (600-cells), just 2 different ways (not 5 or 10 ways), so it is 10 distinct 120-point (600-cells). This implies that the 8-point (16-cell) compounds by 3 times &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; (75) disjoint instances of itself in the 600-point (120-cell), which contains &lt;math&gt;3^2&lt;/math&gt; times  &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; (225) distinct instances of the 24-point (24-cell), and  &lt;math&gt;3^3&lt;/math&gt; times &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; (675) distinct instances of the 8-point (16-cell). 

These facts were discovered painstakingly by various researchers, and no one has found a general rule governing subsumption relations among regular polytopes. The reasons for some of their numeric incidence relations are far from obvious. [[W:Pieter Hendrik Schoute|Schoute]] was the first to see that the 120-point (600-cell) is a compound of 5 24-point (24-cells) ''10 different ways'', and after he saw it a hundred years lapsed until Denney, Hooker, Johnson, Robinson, Butler &amp; Claiborne proved his result, and showed why.{{Sfn|Denney, Hooker, Johnson, Robinson, Butler &amp; Claiborne|2020|loc=''The geometry of H4 polytopes''}}

So much for the compounds of 16-cells. The 120-cell is also the convex hull of the compound of 120 disjoint regular 5-cells. That stellated compound (without its convex hull of 120-cell edges) is the [[w:Great_grand_stellated_120-cell|great grand stellated 120-cell]] illustrated above, the final regular [[W:Stellation|stellation]] of the 120-cell, and the only [[W:Schläfli-Hess polychoron|regular star 4-polytope]] to have the 120-cell for its convex hull. The edges of the great grand stellated 120-cell are &lt;math&gt;\phi^6&lt;/math&gt; as long as those of its 120-cell [[W:List of polyhedral stellations#Stellation process|stellation core]] deep inside.

The compound of 120 disjoint 5-point (5-cells) can be seen to be equivalent to the compound of 5 disjoint 120-point (600-cells), as follows. Beginning with a single 120-point (600-cell), expand each vertex into a regular 5-cell, by adding 4 new equidistant vertices, such that the 5 vertices form a regular 5-cell inscribed in the 3-sphere. The 120 5-cells are disjoint, and the 600 vertices form 5 disjoint 120-point (600-cells): a 120-cell.

== Thirty distinguished distances ==
The 30 numbers listed in the table are all-important in Euclidean geometry. A case can be made on symmetry grounds that their squares are the 30 most important numbers between 0 and 4. The 30 rows of the table are the 30 distinct [[120-cell#Geodesic rectangles|chord lengths of the unit-radius 120-cell]], the largest regular convex 4-polytope. Since the 120-cell subsumes all smaller regular polytopes, its 30 chords are the complete chord set of all the regular polytopes that can be constructed in the first four dimensions of Euclidean space, except for regular polygons of more than 15 sides.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center&quot;
!rowspan=2|&lt;math&gt;c_t&lt;/math&gt;
!rowspan=2|arc
!rowspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{n}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
!rowspan=2|&lt;math&gt;\left\{p\right\}&lt;/math&gt;
!rowspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;m\left\{\frac{k}{d}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
!rowspan=2|Steinbach roots
!colspan=7|Chord lengths of the unit 120-cell
|-
!colspan=5|unit-radius length &lt;math&gt;c_t&lt;/math&gt;
!colspan=2|unit-edge length &lt;math&gt;c_t/c_1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;br&gt;in 120-cell of radius &lt;math&gt;c_8=\sqrt{2}\phi^2&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{1,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;15.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{30\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{30\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{4,1}-c_{2,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7-3 \sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.270091&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2} \phi ^2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2 \phi ^4}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.072949}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{2,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;25.2{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{2}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \left\{15\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(c_{18,1}-c_{4,1}\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{3-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.437016&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2} \phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2 \phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.190983}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.61803&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{3,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;36{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{10\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3 \left\{\frac{10}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(\sqrt{5}-1\right) c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(\sqrt{5}-1\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.618034&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.381966}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.28825&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{4,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;41.4{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{c_{8,1}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.707107&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.61803&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{5,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;44.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{4}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \left\{\frac{15}{2}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} c_{2,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{9-3 \sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.756934&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}}{\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2 \phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.572949}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} \phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.80252&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{6,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;49.1{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{17}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{5-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{5-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.831254&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi }}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.690983}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi ^3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.07768&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{7,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;56.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{20}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{\phi }} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.93913&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{\frac{\psi }{\phi }}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\psi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.881966}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\psi  \phi ^3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.47709&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;60{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{5}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{6\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{6\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.70246&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{9,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;66.1{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{40}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{2 \phi }} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.09132&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{\frac{\chi }{\phi }}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\chi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.19098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\chi  \phi ^3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.04057&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{10,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;69.8{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{11}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi  c_{4,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2 \sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.14412&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\phi }{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\phi ^2}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.30902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^3&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.23607&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{11,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;72{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{6}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{5\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{5\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi }} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.17557&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3-\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3-\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.38197}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \sqrt{3-\phi } \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.3525&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{12,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;75.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{24}{5}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.22474&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.53457&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{13,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;81.1{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{13}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{9-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{9-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.30038&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{9-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(9-\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.69098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(9-\sqrt{5}\right)} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.8146&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{14,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;84.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{40}{9}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi } c_{8,1}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{1+\sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.345&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi }}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{5} \phi }{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.80902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi ^5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.9798&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{15,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;90.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{4\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{4\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 c_{4,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.41421&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.23607&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{16,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;95.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{29}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{11-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.4802&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(11-\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.19098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(11-\sqrt{5}\right)} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.48037&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{17,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;98.9{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{31}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7+\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{7+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.51954&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{7+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(7+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.30902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\psi  \phi ^5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.62605&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{18,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;104.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{8}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{15}{4}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.58114&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{5} \sqrt{\phi ^4}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.8541&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{19,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;108.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{9}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{10}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{3,1}+c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(1+\sqrt{5}\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.61803&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1+\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.61803}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \phi ^3&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.9907&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{20,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;110.2{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{13-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.64042&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(13-\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.69098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\phi ^2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.07359&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{21,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;113.9{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{19}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.67601&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.80902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\frac{\chi }{\phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.20537&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{22,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;120{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{10}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{3\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{3\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.73205&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{6} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.41285&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{23,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;124.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{41}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi }+\frac{5}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.7658&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4-\frac{\psi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4-\frac{\psi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.11803}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\chi  \phi ^5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.53779&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{24,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;130.9{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{20}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{11+\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.81907&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(11+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.30902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\frac{\sqrt{5}}{\phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.73503&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{25,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;135.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{11}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{11}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7+3 \sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7+3 \sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.85123&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\phi ^2}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\phi ^4}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.42705}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^4&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.8541&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{26,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;138.6{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{12}{5}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.87083&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{7} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.92667&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{27,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;144{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{12}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{5}{2}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(5+\sqrt{5}\right)} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(5+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.90211&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\phi +2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2+\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.61803}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{2 \phi +4}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.0425&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{28,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;154.8{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{13}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{13}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{13+\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.95167&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(13+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.80902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\frac{1}{\phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.22598&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{29,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;164.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{14}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{15}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi  c_{12,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{\frac{3}{2}} \left(1+\sqrt{5}\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.98168&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}} \phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3 \phi ^2}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.92705}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} \phi ^3&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.33708&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{30,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;180{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{15}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{2\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{2\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \sqrt{2} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.40492&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|rowspan=4 colspan=6|
|rowspan=4 colspan=4|
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; is the golden ratio:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2-\phi -1=0&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\phi }+1=\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;, and: &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi+1=\phi^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\phi }::1::\phi ::\phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1/\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; and &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; are the golden sections of &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi +\frac{1}{\phi }=\sqrt{5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi = (\sqrt{5} + 1)/2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.618034&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\chi = (3\sqrt{5} + 1)/2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.854102&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\psi = (3\sqrt{5} - 1)/2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.854102&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\psi = 11/\chi = 22/(3\sqrt{5} + 1)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.854102&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|}

...

== The 8-point regular polytopes ==
In 2-space we have the regular 8-point octagon, in 3-space the regular 8-point cube, and in 4-space the regular 8-point [[16-cell]].

A planar octagon with rigid edges of unit length has chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=1,r_2=\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}} \approx 1.84776,r_3=1+\sqrt{2} \approx 2.41421,r_4=\sqrt{4 + \sqrt{8}} \approx 2.61313&lt;/math&gt;

The chord ratio &lt;math&gt;r_3=1+\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt; is a geometrical proportion, the [[W:Silver ratio|silver ratio]]. Fontaine and Hurley's procedure for obtaining the reciprocal of a chord tells us that:

:&lt;math&gt;r_3-r_1-r_1=1/r_3 \approx 0.41421&lt;/math&gt;

Note that &lt;math&gt;1/r_3=\sqrt{2}-1=r_3-2&lt;/math&gt;.

If we embed this planar octagon in 3-space, we can make it skew, repositioning its vertices so that each is one unit-edge length distant from three others instead of two others, at the vertices of a unit-edge cube with chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=1, r_2=\sqrt{2}, r_3=\sqrt{3}, r_4=\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;

If we embed this cube in 4-space, we can skew it some more, repositioning its vertices so that each is one unit-edge length distant from six others instead of three others, at the vertices of a unit-edge 4-polytope with chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=1,r_2=1,r_3=1,r_4=\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;

All of its chords except its long diameters are the same unit length as its edge. In fact they are its 24 edges, and it is a 16-cell of radius &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1/\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;.

[[File:octagon16cell.png|thumb|Orthogonal projection of a regular 16-cell to the [[16-cell#Projections|B&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; Coxeter plane]]. Only its edges are shown; its long diameter chords are not drawn. All 24 edges are the same length. Only the edges of the two disjoint squares lie parallel to the projection plane, in completely orthogonal central planes.]]

The [[16-cell]] is the [[W:Regular convex 4-polytope|regular convex 4-polytope]] with [[W:Schläfli symbol|Schläfli symbol]] {3,3,4}. It has 8 vertices, 24 edges, 32 equilateral triangle faces, and 16 regular tetrahedron cells. It is the [[16-cell#Octahedral dipyramid|four-dimensional analogue of the octahedron]], and each of its four orthogonal central hyperplanes is an octahedron.

The only planar regular polygons found in the 16-cell are face triangles and central plane squares, but the 16-cell also contains a skew regular octagon, its [[W:Petrie polygon|Petrie polygon]]. The chords of this regular octagon, which lies skew in 4-space, are those given above for the 16-cell, as opposed to those for the cube or the regular octagon in the plane. The 16-cell is a construct of 3 Petrie octagons which share the same 8 vertices but have disjoint sets of 8 edges each.

The regular octad has higher symmetry in 4-space than it does in 2-space. The 16-cell is the 4-orthoplex, the simplest regular 4-polytope after the [[5-cell|4-simplex]]. All the larger regular convex 4-polytopes are compounds of the 16-cell. The regular octagon exhibits this high symmetry only when embedded in 4-space at the vertices of the 16-cell.

The 16-cell constitutes an [[W:Orthonormal basis|orthonormal basis]] for the choice of a 4-dimensional Cartesian reference frame, because its vertices define four orthogonal axes. The eight vertices of a unit-radius 16-cell are (±1, 0, 0, 0), (0, ±1, 0, 0), (0, 0, ±1, 0), (0, 0, 0, ±1). All vertices are connected by &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; edges except opposite pairs. 

The vertex coordinates of the 16-cell form 6 central squares lying in 6 pairwise [[W:Orthogonal|orthogonal]] coordinate planes. Great squares in ''opposite'' planes that do not share an axis (e.g. in the ''xy'' and ''wz'' planes) are completely disjoint (they do not intersect at any vertices). These planes are [[W:Completely orthogonal|completely orthogonal]].{{Efn|name=Six orthogonal planes of the Cartesian basis}}

Since this unit-radius coordinate system is convenient, let us derive the unit-radius 16-cell by skewing a unit-radius planar octagon, which has chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=\sqrt{2-\sqrt{2}} \approx 0.76537,r_2=\sqrt{2},r_3=\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}} \approx 1.84776,r_4=2&lt;/math&gt;

We will need a planar octagon with rigid &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; chords, rather than one with rigid &lt;math&gt;r_1&lt;/math&gt; edges. The octagon's &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; chords form two disjoint great squares, visible in the orthogonal projection, which we can reposition in 3-space to form a cube by making them parallel, and in 4-space to form a 16-cell by making them completely orthogonal.

In the 16-cell the two completely orthogonal great squares formed by the &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; chords are both parallel and perpendicular to each other. A ''simple'' rotation of the 16-cell in ''one'' of those two central planes rotates that square like a wheel, while the other square does not move. The four vertices of the rotating square orbit on a great circle in the plane.

The &lt;math&gt;r_1&lt;/math&gt; chords of the 16-cell form a Petrie polygon which zig-zags back and forth between the two completely orthogonal &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; squares.

The &lt;math&gt;r_3&lt;/math&gt; chords of the 16-cell form a circular helix, visible as a skew {8/3} octagram in the orthogonal projection. A ''double'' rotation of the 16-cell, in ''both'' of the two completely orthogonal &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; square planes at once by the same angle, moves the eight vertices along the circular helix over the &lt;math&gt;r_3&lt;/math&gt; chords. The circular helix is a [[w:Geodesic|geodesic]] great circle on the 3-sphere of a special kind: it does not lie in a central plane, its circumference is &lt;math&gt;4 \pi&lt;/math&gt;, and it occurs in either a left or right chiral form. We shall refer to the circular helix geodesic as an ''isocline'', and to the skew {8/3} octagram of its chords as a ''Clifford polygon''.

[[W:Rotations in 4-dimensional Euclidean space|Rotations in 4-dimensional Euclidean space]] can be seen as the composition of two 2-dimensional rotations in completely orthogonal planes. The general rotation in 4-space is a double rotation in pairs of completely orthogonal planes. Two completely orthogonal planes are called invariant planes of the rotation when all points in the plane rotate on circles that remain in the plane, even as the whole plane tilts sideways (like a coin flipping) into another plane. The two completely orthogonal rotations of each plane (like a wheel, and like a coin flipping) are simultaneous but independent, in that they are not geometrically constrained to turn at the same rate. However, the most circular kind of rotation (as opposed to an elliptical double rotation of a rigid spherical object) occurs when the invariant planes do rotate through the same angle in the same time interval. Such equi-angled double rotations are called [[w:SO(4)#Isoclinic_rotations|isoclinic]], also [[w:William_Kingdon_Clifford|Clifford]] displacements.

The 16-cell is the simplest possible frame in which to [[16-cell#Rotations|observe 4-dimensional rotations]] because its characteristic rotations feature a single pair of invariant rotation planes. In the 16-cell an isoclinic rotation by 90° in any pair of invariant completely orthogonal square central planes takes every square central plane to its completely orthogonal square central plane in a twisting displacement, as they tilt sideways 90° into each other's plane while rotating 90° internally. All the vertices move at once on the same circular helix geodesic, displaced 90° in 8 orthogonal directions, and the rigid 16-cell assumes a new orientation in 4-space. When the 90° isoclinic rotation is continued in the same rotational direction through an additional 90°, each vertex is again displaced 90°, but from the new orientation in a direction orthogonal to its first 90° displacement. After 360° of rotation each vertex reaches its antipodal position.

The trajectory of each vertex over each 90° isoclinic rotational displacement is a one-eighth segment of its geodesic orbit. Its entire orbit traces a circular helix in 4-space over eight &lt;math&gt;r_3&lt;/math&gt; chords, and also traces an ordinary great circle twice over the four &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; chords within one of the two moving invariant rotation planes. In the course of a 720° isoclinic rotation each vertex departs from all 8 vertex positions just once and returns to its original position, and the 16-cell returns to its original orientation.

== Hypercubes ==
The long diameter of the unit-edge [[W:Hypercube|hypercube]] of dimension &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; is &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{n}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;, so the unit-edge [[w:Tesseract|4-hypercube, the 16-point (8-cell) tesseract,]] has chords:
:&lt;math&gt;r_1=\sqrt{1},r_2=\sqrt{2},r_3=\sqrt{3},r_4=\sqrt{4}&lt;/math&gt;
Uniquely in its 4-dimensional case, the hypercube's edge length equals its radius, like the hexagon. We call such polytopes ''radially equilateral'', because they can be constructed from equilateral triangles which meet at their center, each contributing two radii and an edge. The cuboctahedron and the 24-cell are also radially equilateral.

The [[W:Tesseract|tesseract]] is the [[W:Regular convex 4-polytope|regular convex 4-polytope]] with [[W:Schläfli symbol|Schläfli symbol]] {4,3,3}. It has 16 vertices, 32 edges, 24 square faces, and 8 cube cells. It is the four-dimensional analogue of the cube.

The tesseract is the [[W:Dual polytope|dual polytope]] of the 16-cell. They have the same Petrie polygon, the regular octagon, but the tesseract contains 2 disjoint instances and 4 distinct instances of the skew octagon. We can construct the tesseract by skewing two planar octagons. Because the tesseract is radially equilateral (unlike the 16-cell), we start with our original octagon of unit-edge length, rather than the octagon of edge length &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; that we needed to build the unit-radius 16-cell.

For our tesseract construction we skew each planar octagon into a cube, so we have a compound of two completely orthogonal cubes. Provided the planes were completely orthogonal in 4-space and we skewed them both the same way, the 16 vertices will be the vertices of a tesseract with half of its 32 edges missing.

The 16-point tesseract is the convex hull of a compound of two 8-point 16-cells, in exact dimensional analogy to the way the 8-point cube is the convex hull of a [[W:Stellated octahedron|compound of two regular 4-point tetrahedra]]. The [[W:Demihypercube|demihypercubes]] occupy alternate vertices of the hypercubes. The diagonals of the square faces of the unit-radius tesseract are the &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; edges of two unit-radius 16-cells, which are also the edges of the square central planes.

Because the tesseract contains two 16-cells in alternate positions it has two sets of 6 orthogonal square central planes. Two angles are required to specify the relationship between two planes in 4-space. Pairs of planes within each 16-cell are 90° apart in one angle, and either 0° or 90° apart in the other angle. They are 90° apart in both angles if and only if they are completely orthogonal planes, 90° apart by isoclinic rotation, with no vertices in common and their corresponding vertices 180° apart. Otherwise they are 0° apart in one of the angles, 90° apart by simple rotation with their corresponding vertices 90° apart, and they intersect in one axis and lie in a common 3-dimensional hyperplane.{{Efn|A double rotation in which one of the two angles of rotation is 0°, so that one of the completely orthogonal invariant planes does not rotate, is called a simple rotation. Ordinary rotations observed in a 3-dimensional space are simple rotations.}}

A pair of square central planes from alternate 16-cells are 60° apart by isoclinic rotation, with their corresponding vertices 120° apart. The planes are not orthogonal or parallel, so they intersect in a line somewhere, but they have no vertices in common, they have no 3-dimensional hyperplane in common, and they cannot reach each other by simple rotation. Such pairs of objects are called [[W:Clifford parallel|Clifford parallel]] because all their corresponding pairs of vertices are the same distance apart, although they are not parallel in the usual sense, because they have a common center. Not only the alternate 16-cells' corresponding square central planes, but also the 16-cells themselves, are Clifford parallel objects.

We can rotate the tesseract isoclinically the way we rotated the 16-cell, by 90° in two completely orthogonal invariant square central planes, with the same effect on both alternate 16-cells. In the course of a 720° isoclinic rotation in invariant square central planes each vertex departs from all 8 vertex positions of its 16-cell just once and returns to its original position, but it does not visit the vertex positions of the other 16-cell. The skew octagon geodesic orbits of the 16 vertices lie on two disjoint octagram circular helixes of the same chirality, which are Clifford parallel objects that form a circular double helix.

== The 24-cell ==
In 2-space we have the radially equilateral 6-point hexagon. In 3-space we have the radially equilateral 12-point cuboctahedron, with 4 hexagonal central planes. In 4-space we have the radially equilateral 24-point 24-cell, with 4 cuboctahedral central hyperplanes and 16 hexagonal central planes.

Great hexagons are a rounder choice than great squares for the invariant rotation planes in which to rotate a 4-polytope isoclinically. The complete hexagonal isoclinic revolution requires 720° like the square isoclinic revolution, but it is completed in 6 chordal steps of 120° each rather than 8 chordal steps of 90° each.

...

== The 600-cell ==

...

== Finally the 120-cell ==

...

== Conclusions ==

Fontaine and Hurley's discovery is more than a formula for the reciprocal of a regular ''n''-polygon diagonal. It also yields the discrete sequence of isocline chords of the distinct isoclinic rotation characteristic of a ''d''-dimensional regular polytope. The characteristic rotational chord sequence of the ''d''-polytope can be represented geometrically in two dimensions on a distinct star polygon, but it lies on a geodesic circle through ''d''-dimensional space. Fontaine and Hurley discovered the geodesic topology of polytopes generally. Their procedure will reveal the geodesics of arbitrary non-uniform polytopes, since it can be applied to a polytope of any dimensionality and irregularity, by first fitting the polytope to the smallest regular polygon whose chords include its chords.

Fontaine and Hurley's discovery of a chordal formula for isoclinic rotations closes the circuit on Kappraff and Adamson's discovery of a rotational connection between dynamical systems, Steinbach's golden fields, and Coxeter's Euclidean geometry of ''n'' dimensions. Application of the Fontaine and Hurley procedure in higher-dimensional spaces demonstrates why the connection exists: because polytope sequences generally, from Steinbach's golden polygon chord sequences, to chord sequences in isoclinic rotation helixes, to subsumption relations in the sequence of regular 4-polytopes, arise as expressions of the reflections and rotations of distinct Coxeter symmetry groups, when those various groups interact.

== Appendix: Sequence of regular 4-polytopes ==
{{Regular convex 4-polytopes|wiki=W:|columns=7}}

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== Citations ==
{{Reflist}}

== References ==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Cite journal | last=Steinbach | first=Peter | year=1997 | title=Golden fields: A case for the Heptagon | journal=Mathematics Magazine | volume=70 | issue=Feb 1997 | pages=22–31 | doi=10.1080/0025570X.1997.11996494 | jstor=2691048 | ref={{SfnRef|Steinbach|1997}} }}
* {{Cite journal | last=Steinbach | first=Peter | year=2000 | title=Sections Beyond Golden| journal=Bridges: Mathematical Connections in Art, Music and Science | issue=2000 | pages=35-44 | url=https://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2000/bridges2000-35.pdf | ref={{SfnRef|Steinbach|2000}}}}
* {{Cite journal | last1=Kappraff | first1=Jay | last2=Jablan | first2=Slavik | last3=Adamson | first3=Gary | last4=Sazdanovich | first4=Radmila | year=2004 | title=Golden Fields, Generalized Fibonacci Sequences, and Chaotic Matrices | journal=Forma | volume=19 | pages=367-387 | url=https://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2005/bridges2005-369.pdf | ref={{SfnRef|Kappraff, Jablan, Adamson &amp; Sazdanovich|2004}} }}
* {{Cite journal | last1=Kappraff | first1=Jay | last2=Adamson | first2=Gary | year=2004 | title=Polygons and Chaos | journal=Dynamical Systems and Geometric Theories | url=https://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2001/bridges2001-67.pdf | ref={{SfnRef|Kappraff &amp; Adamson|2004}} }}
* {{Cite journal | last1=Fontaine | first1=Anne | last2=Hurley | first2=Susan | year=2006 | title=Proof by Picture: Products and Reciprocals of Diagonal Length Ratios in the Regular Polygon | journal=Forum Geometricorum | volume=6 | pages=97-101 | url=https://scispace.com/pdf/proof-by-picture-products-and-reciprocals-of-diagonal-length-1aian8mgp9.pdf }}
{{Refend}}</text>
      <sha1>skiw4lyn9xdq43a24c04w4f35q0v5xp</sha1>
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      <id>2809945</id>
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      <text bytes="47192" sha1="mgtea6uwh0kyaxeptahxhr8rm7utga2" xml:space="preserve">{{align|center|David Brooks Christie}}
{{align|center|dc@samizdat.org}}
{{align|center|Draft in progress}}
{{align|center|January 2026 - April 2026}}

&lt;blockquote&gt;Steinbach discovered the formula for the ratios of diagonal to side in the regular polygons. Fontaine and Hurley extended this result, discovering a formula for the reciprocal of a regular polygon chord derived geometrically from the chord's star polygon. We observe that these findings in plane geometry apply more generally, to polytopes of any dimensionality. Fontaine and Hurley's geometric procedure for finding the reciprocals of the chords of a regular polygon from their star polygons also finds the rotational geodesics of any polytope of any dimensionality.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
== Introduction ==
Steinbach discovered the Diagonal Product Formula and the Golden Fields family of ratios of diagonal to side in the regular polygons. He showed how this family extends beyond the pentagon {5} with its well-known golden bisection proportional to 𝜙, finding that the heptagon {7} has an analogous trisection, the nonagon {9} has an analogous quadrasection, and the hendecagon {11} has an analogous pentasection, an extended family of golden proportions with quasiperiodic properties. 

Kappraff and Adamson extended these findings in plane geometry to a theory of Generalized Fibonacci Sequences, showing that the Golden Fields not only do not end with the hendecagon, they form an infinite number of periodic trajectories when operated on by the Mandelbrot operator. They found a relation between the edges of star polygons and dynamical systems in the state of chaos, revealing a connection between chaos theory, number, and rotations in Coxeter Euclidean geometry. 

Fontaine and Hurley examined Steinbach's finding that the length of each chord of a regular polygon is both the product of two chords and the sum of a set of smaller chords, so that in rotations to add is to multiply. They illustrated Steinbach's sets of additive chords lying parallel to each other in the plane (pointing in the same direction), and by applying Steinbach's formula more generally they found another summation relation of signed parallel chords (pointing in opposite directions) which relates each chord length to its reciprocal, and relates the summation to a distinct star polygon rotation. 

We examine these remarkable findings (which stem from study of the chords of humble regular polygons) in higher-dimensional spaces, specifically in the chords, polygons and rotations of the [[120-cell]], the largest four-dimensional regular convex polytope.

== Visualizing the 120-cell ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable floatright&quot; width=&quot;400&quot;
|style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot;|[[File:120-cell.gif|200px]]&lt;br&gt;Orthographic projection of the 600-point 120-cell &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\{5,3,3\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; performing a [[W:SO(4)#Geometry of 4D rotations|simple rotation]].{{Sfn|Hise|2011|loc=File:120-cell.gif|ps=; &quot;Created by Jason Hise with Maya and Macromedia Fireworks. A 3D projection of a 120-cell performing a [[W:SO(4)#Geometry of 4D rotations|simple rotation]].&quot;}} In this simplified rendering only the 120-cell's own edges are shown; its 29 interior chords are not rendered. Therefore even though it is translucent, only its outer surface is visible. The complex interior parts of the 120-cell, all its inscribed 5-cells, 16-cells, 8-cells, 24-cells, 600-cells and its much larger inventory of polyhedra, are completely invisible in this view, as none of their edges are rendered at all.
|style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot;|[[File:Ortho solid 016-uniform polychoron p33-t0.png|200px]]&lt;br&gt;Orthographic projection of the 600-point [[W:Great grand stellated 120-cell|great grand stellated 120-cell]] &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\{\tfrac{5}{2},3,3\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;.{{Sfn|Ruen: Great grand stellated 120-cell|2007}} The 120-cell is its convex hull. The projection to the left renders only the 120-cell's shortest chord, its 1200 edges. The projection above also renders only one of the 120-cell's 30 chords, the edges of its 120 inscribed regular 5-cells. The 120-cell itself (the convex hull) is invisible in this view, as its edges are not rendered.
|}

[[120-cell#Geometry|The 120-cell is the maximally complex regular 4-polytope]], containing inscribed instances of every regular 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-polytope, except the regular polygons of more than {15} sides. 

The 120-cell is the convex hull of a regular [[120-cell#Relationships among interior polytopes|compound of each of the 6 regular convex 4-polytopes]]. They are the [[5-cell|5-point (5-cell) 4-simplex]], the [[16-cell|8-point (16-cell) 4-orthoplex]], the [[W:Tesseract|16-point (8-cell) tesseract]], the [[24-cell|24-point (24-cell)]], the [[600-cell|120-point (600-cell)]], and the [[120-cell|600-point (120-cell)]]. The 120-cell is the convex hull of a compound of 120 disjoint regular 5-cells, of 75 disjoint 16-cells, of 25 disjoint 24-cells, and of 5 disjoint 600-cells.

The 120-cell contains an even larger inventory of irregular polytopes, created by the intersection of multiple instances of these component regular 4-polytopes. Many are quite unexpected, because they do not occur as components of any regular polytope smaller than the 120-cell. As just one example among the [[120-cell#Concentric hulls|sections of the 120-cell]], there is an irregular 24-point polyhedron with 16 triangle faces and 4 nonagon {9} faces.{{Sfn|Moxness|}}

Most renderings of the 120-cell, like the rotating projection here, only illustrate its outer surface, which is a honeycomb of face-bonded dodecahedral cells. Only the objects in its 3-dimensional surface are rendered, namely the 120 dodecahedra, their pentagon faces, and their edges. Although the 120-cell has chords of 30 distinct lengths, in this kind of simplified rendering only the 120-cell's own edges (its shortest chord) are shown. Its 29 interior chords, the edges of objects in the interior of the 120-cell, are not rendered, so interior objects are not visible at all.

Visualizing the complete interior of the 600-vertex 120-cell in a single image is impractical because of its complexity. Only four 120-cell edges are incident at each vertex, but [[120-cell#Chords|600 chords (of all 30 lengths)]] are incident at ''each'' vertex.

== Compounds in the 120-cell ==
The 8-point (16-cell), not the 5-point (5-cell), is the smallest building block; it compounds to every larger regular 4-polytope. The 5-point (5-cell) does compound to the 600-point (120-cell), but it does not fit into any smaller regular 4-polytope. 

The 8-point (16-cell) compounds by 2 in the 16-point (8-cell), and by 3 in the 24-point (24-cell). The 16-point (8-cell) compounds in the 24-point (24-cell) by 3 non-disjoint instances of itself, with each of the 24 vertices shared by two 16-point (8-cells). The 24-point (24-cell) compounds by 5 disjoint instances of itself in the 120-point (600-cell), and the 120-point (600-cell) compounds by 5 disjoint instances of itself in the 600-point (120-cell).

The 24-point (24-cell) also compounds by &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; non-disjoint instances of itself in the 120-point (600-cell); it compounds in 5 disjoint instances of itself, 10 (not 5) different ways. Whichever set of 5 disjoint 24-point (24-cells) are assembled, the resulting 120-point (600-cell) contains 25 distinct 24-point (24-cells), not just 5 (or 10). This implies that 15 disjoint 8-point (16-cells) will construct a 120-point (600-cell), which will contain 75 distinct 8-point (16-cells). 

The 600-point (120-cell) is 5 disjoint 120-point (600-cells), just 2 different ways (not 5 or 10 ways), so it is 10 distinct 120-point (600-cells). This implies that the 8-point (16-cell) compounds by 3 times &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; (75) disjoint instances of itself in the 600-point (120-cell), which contains &lt;math&gt;3^2&lt;/math&gt; times  &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; (225) distinct instances of the 24-point (24-cell), and  &lt;math&gt;3^3&lt;/math&gt; times &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; (675) distinct instances of the 8-point (16-cell). 

These facts were discovered painstakingly by various researchers, and no one has found a general rule governing subsumption relations among regular polytopes. The reasons for some of their numeric incidence relations are far from obvious. [[W:Pieter Hendrik Schoute|Schoute]] was the first to see that the 120-point (600-cell) is a compound of 5 24-point (24-cells) ''10 different ways'', and after he saw it a hundred years lapsed until Denney, Hooker, Johnson, Robinson, Butler &amp; Claiborne proved his result, and showed why.{{Sfn|Denney, Hooker, Johnson, Robinson, Butler &amp; Claiborne|2020|loc=''The geometry of H4 polytopes''}}

So much for the compounds of 16-cells. The 120-cell is also the convex hull of the compound of 120 disjoint regular 5-cells. That stellated compound (without its convex hull of 120-cell edges) is the [[w:Great_grand_stellated_120-cell|great grand stellated 120-cell]] illustrated above, the final regular [[W:Stellation|stellation]] of the 120-cell, and the only [[W:Schläfli-Hess polychoron|regular star 4-polytope]] to have the 120-cell for its convex hull. The edges of the great grand stellated 120-cell are &lt;math&gt;\phi^6&lt;/math&gt; as long as those of its 120-cell [[W:List of polyhedral stellations#Stellation process|stellation core]] deep inside.

The compound of 120 disjoint 5-point (5-cells) can be seen to be equivalent to the compound of 5 disjoint 120-point (600-cells), as follows. Beginning with a single 120-point (600-cell), expand each vertex into a regular 5-cell, by adding 4 new equidistant vertices, such that the 5 vertices form a regular 5-cell inscribed in the 3-sphere. The 120 5-cells are disjoint, and the 600 vertices form 5 disjoint 120-point (600-cells): a 120-cell.

== Thirty distinguished distances ==
The 30 numbers listed in the table are all-important in Euclidean geometry. A case can be made on symmetry grounds that their squares are the 30 most important numbers between 0 and 4. The 30 rows of the table are the 30 distinct [[120-cell#Geodesic rectangles|chord lengths of the unit-radius 120-cell]], the largest regular convex 4-polytope. Since the 120-cell subsumes all smaller regular polytopes, its 30 chords are the complete chord set of all the regular polytopes that can be constructed in the first four dimensions of Euclidean space, except for regular polygons of more than 15 sides.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center&quot;
!rowspan=2|&lt;math&gt;c_t&lt;/math&gt;
!rowspan=2|arc
!rowspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{n}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
!rowspan=2|&lt;math&gt;\left\{p\right\}&lt;/math&gt;
!rowspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;m\left\{\frac{k}{d}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
!rowspan=2|Steinbach roots
!colspan=7|Chord lengths of the unit 120-cell
|-
!colspan=5|unit-radius length &lt;math&gt;c_t&lt;/math&gt;
!colspan=2|unit-edge length &lt;math&gt;c_t/c_1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;br&gt;in 120-cell of radius &lt;math&gt;c_8=\sqrt{2}\phi^2&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{1,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;15.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{30\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{30\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{4,1}-c_{2,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7-3 \sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.270091&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2} \phi ^2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2 \phi ^4}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.072949}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{2,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;25.2{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{2}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \left\{15\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(c_{18,1}-c_{4,1}\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{3-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.437016&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2} \phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2 \phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.190983}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.61803&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{3,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;36{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{10\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3 \left\{\frac{10}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(\sqrt{5}-1\right) c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(\sqrt{5}-1\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.618034&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.381966}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.28825&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
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|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{4,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;41.4{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{c_{8,1}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.707107&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.61803&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
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|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{5,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;44.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{4}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \left\{\frac{15}{2}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} c_{2,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{9-3 \sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.756934&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}}{\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2 \phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.572949}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} \phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.80252&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
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|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{6,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;49.1{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{17}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{5-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{5-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.831254&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi }}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.690983}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi ^3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.07768&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{7,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;56.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{20}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{\phi }} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.93913&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{\frac{\psi }{\phi }}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\psi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.881966}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\psi  \phi ^3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.47709&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;60{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{5}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{6\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{6\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.70246&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
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|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{9,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;66.1{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{40}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{2 \phi }} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.09132&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{\frac{\chi }{\phi }}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\chi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.19098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\chi  \phi ^3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.04057&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
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|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{10,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;69.8{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{11}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi  c_{4,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2 \sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.14412&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\phi }{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\phi ^2}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.30902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^3&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.23607&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
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|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{11,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;72{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{6}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{5\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{5\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi }} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.17557&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3-\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3-\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.38197}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \sqrt{3-\phi } \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.3525&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{12,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;75.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{24}{5}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.22474&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.53457&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
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|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{13,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;81.1{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{13}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{9-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{9-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.30038&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{9-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(9-\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.69098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(9-\sqrt{5}\right)} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.8146&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{14,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;84.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{40}{9}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi } c_{8,1}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{1+\sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.345&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi }}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{5} \phi }{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.80902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi ^5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.9798&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{15,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;90.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{4\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{4\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 c_{4,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.41421&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.23607&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
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|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{16,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;95.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{29}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{11-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.4802&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(11-\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.19098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(11-\sqrt{5}\right)} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.48037&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{17,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;98.9{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{31}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7+\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{7+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.51954&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{7+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(7+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.30902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\psi  \phi ^5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.62605&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{18,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;104.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{8}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{15}{4}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.58114&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{5} \sqrt{\phi ^4}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.8541&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{19,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;108.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{9}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{10}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{3,1}+c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(1+\sqrt{5}\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.61803&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1+\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.61803}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \phi ^3&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.9907&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{20,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;110.2{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{13-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.64042&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(13-\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.69098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\phi ^2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.07359&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{21,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;113.9{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{19}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.67601&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.80902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\frac{\chi }{\phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.20537&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{22,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;120{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{10}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{3\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{3\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.73205&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{6} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.41285&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{23,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;124.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{41}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi }+\frac{5}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.7658&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4-\frac{\psi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4-\frac{\psi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.11803}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\chi  \phi ^5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.53779&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{24,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;130.9{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{20}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{11+\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.81907&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(11+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.30902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\frac{\sqrt{5}}{\phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.73503&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{25,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;135.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{11}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{11}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7+3 \sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7+3 \sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.85123&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\phi ^2}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\phi ^4}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.42705}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^4&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.8541&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{26,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;138.6{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{12}{5}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.87083&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{7} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.92667&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{27,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;144{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{12}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{5}{2}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(5+\sqrt{5}\right)} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(5+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.90211&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\phi +2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2+\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.61803}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{2 \phi +4}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.0425&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{28,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;154.8{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{13}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{13}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{13+\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.95167&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(13+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.80902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\frac{1}{\phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.22598&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{29,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;164.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{14}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{15}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi  c_{12,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{\frac{3}{2}} \left(1+\sqrt{5}\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.98168&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}} \phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3 \phi ^2}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.92705}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} \phi ^3&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.33708&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{30,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;180{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{15}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{2\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{2\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \sqrt{2} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.40492&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|rowspan=4 colspan=6|
|rowspan=4 colspan=4|
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; is the golden ratio:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2-\phi -1=0&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\phi }+1=\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;, and: &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi+1=\phi^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\phi }::1::\phi ::\phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1/\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; and &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; are the golden sections of &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi +\frac{1}{\phi }=\sqrt{5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi = (\sqrt{5} + 1)/2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.618034&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\chi = (3\sqrt{5} + 1)/2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.854102&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\psi = (3\sqrt{5} - 1)/2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.854102&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\psi = 11/\chi = 22/(3\sqrt{5} + 1)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.854102&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|}

...

== The 8-point regular polytopes ==
In 2-space we have the regular 8-point octagon, in 3-space the regular 8-point cube, and in 4-space the regular 8-point [[16-cell]].

A planar octagon with rigid edges of unit length has chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=1,r_2=\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}} \approx 1.84776,r_3=1+\sqrt{2} \approx 2.41421,r_4=\sqrt{4 + \sqrt{8}} \approx 2.61313&lt;/math&gt;

The chord ratio &lt;math&gt;r_3=1+\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt; is a geometrical proportion, the [[W:Silver ratio|silver ratio]]. Fontaine and Hurley's procedure for obtaining the reciprocal of a chord tells us that:

:&lt;math&gt;r_3-r_1-r_1=1/r_3 \approx 0.41421&lt;/math&gt;

Note that &lt;math&gt;1/r_3=\sqrt{2}-1=r_3-2&lt;/math&gt;.

If we embed this planar octagon in 3-space, we can make it skew, repositioning its vertices so that each is one unit-edge length distant from three others instead of two others, at the vertices of a unit-edge cube with chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=1, r_2=\sqrt{2}, r_3=\sqrt{3}, r_4=\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;

If we embed this cube in 4-space, we can skew it some more, repositioning its vertices so that each is one unit-edge length distant from six others instead of three others, at the vertices of a unit-edge 4-polytope with chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=1,r_2=1,r_3=1,r_4=\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;

All of its chords except its long diameters are the same unit length as its edge. In fact they are its 24 edges, and it is a 16-cell of radius &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1/\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;.

[[File:octagon16cell.png|thumb|Orthogonal projection of a regular 16-cell to the [[16-cell#Projections|B&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; Coxeter plane]]. Only its edges are shown; its long diameter chords are not drawn. All 24 edges are the same length. Only the edges of the two disjoint squares lie parallel to the projection plane, in completely orthogonal central planes.]]

The [[16-cell]] is the [[W:Regular convex 4-polytope|regular convex 4-polytope]] with [[W:Schläfli symbol|Schläfli symbol]] {3,3,4}. It has 8 vertices, 24 edges, 32 equilateral triangle faces, and 16 regular tetrahedron cells. It is the [[16-cell#Octahedral dipyramid|four-dimensional analogue of the octahedron]], and each of its four orthogonal central hyperplanes is an octahedron.

The only planar regular polygons found in the 16-cell are face triangles and central plane squares, but the 16-cell also contains a skew regular octagon, its [[W:Petrie polygon|Petrie polygon]]. The chords of this regular octagon, which lies skew in 4-space, are those given above for the 16-cell, as opposed to those for the cube or the regular octagon in the plane. The 16-cell is a construct of 3 Petrie octagons which share the same 8 vertices but have disjoint sets of 8 edges each.

The regular octad has higher symmetry in 4-space than it does in 2-space. The 16-cell is the 4-orthoplex, the simplest regular 4-polytope after the [[5-cell|4-simplex]]. All the larger regular convex 4-polytopes are compounds of the 16-cell. The regular octagon exhibits this high symmetry only when embedded in 4-space at the vertices of the 16-cell.

The 16-cell constitutes an [[W:Orthonormal basis|orthonormal basis]] for the choice of a 4-dimensional Cartesian reference frame, because its vertices define four orthogonal axes. The eight vertices of a unit-radius 16-cell are (±1, 0, 0, 0), (0, ±1, 0, 0), (0, 0, ±1, 0), (0, 0, 0, ±1). All vertices are connected by &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; edges except opposite pairs. 

The vertex coordinates of the 16-cell form 6 central squares lying in 6 pairwise [[W:Orthogonal|orthogonal]] coordinate planes. Great squares in ''opposite'' planes that do not share an axis (e.g. in the ''xy'' and ''wz'' planes) are completely disjoint (they do not intersect at any vertices). These planes are [[W:Completely orthogonal|completely orthogonal]].{{Efn|name=Six orthogonal planes of the Cartesian basis}}

Since this unit-radius coordinate system is convenient, let us derive the unit-radius 16-cell by skewing a unit-radius planar octagon, which has chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=\sqrt{2-\sqrt{2}} \approx 0.76537,r_2=\sqrt{2},r_3=\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}} \approx 1.84776,r_4=2&lt;/math&gt;

We will need a planar octagon with rigid &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; chords, rather than one with rigid &lt;math&gt;r_1&lt;/math&gt; edges. The octagon's &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; chords form two disjoint great squares, visible in the orthogonal projection, which we can reposition in 3-space to form a cube by making them parallel, and in 4-space to form a 16-cell by making them completely orthogonal.

In the 16-cell the two completely orthogonal great squares formed by the &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; chords are both parallel and perpendicular to each other. A ''simple'' rotation of the 16-cell in ''one'' of those two central planes rotates that square like a wheel, while the other square does not move. The four vertices of the rotating square orbit on a great circle in the plane.

The &lt;math&gt;r_1&lt;/math&gt; chords of the 16-cell form a Petrie polygon which zig-zags back and forth between the two completely orthogonal &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; squares.

The &lt;math&gt;r_3&lt;/math&gt; chords of the 16-cell form a circular helix, visible as a skew {8/3} octagram in the orthogonal projection. A ''double'' rotation of the 16-cell, in ''both'' of the two completely orthogonal &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; square planes at once by the same angle, moves the eight vertices along the circular helix over the &lt;math&gt;r_3&lt;/math&gt; chords. The circular helix is a [[w:Geodesic|geodesic]] great circle on the 3-sphere of a special kind: it does not lie in a central plane, its circumference is &lt;math&gt;4 \pi&lt;/math&gt;, and it occurs in either a left or right chiral form. We shall refer to the circular helix geodesic as an ''isocline'', and to the skew {8/3} octagram of its chords as a ''Clifford polygon''.

[[W:Rotations in 4-dimensional Euclidean space|Rotations in 4-dimensional Euclidean space]] can be seen as the composition of two 2-dimensional rotations in completely orthogonal planes. The general rotation in 4-space is a double rotation in pairs of completely orthogonal planes. Two completely orthogonal planes are called invariant planes of the rotation when all points in the plane rotate on circles that remain in the plane, even as the whole plane tilts sideways (like a coin flipping) into another plane. The two completely orthogonal rotations of each plane (like a wheel, and like a coin flipping) are simultaneous but independent, in that they are not geometrically constrained to turn at the same rate. However, the most circular kind of rotation (as opposed to an elliptical double rotation of a rigid spherical object) occurs when the invariant planes do rotate through the same angle in the same time interval. Such equi-angled double rotations are called [[w:SO(4)#Isoclinic_rotations|isoclinic]], also [[w:William_Kingdon_Clifford|Clifford]] displacements.

The 16-cell is the simplest possible frame in which to [[16-cell#Rotations|observe 4-dimensional rotations]] because its characteristic rotations feature a single pair of invariant rotation planes. In the 16-cell an isoclinic rotation by 90° in any pair of invariant completely orthogonal square central planes takes every square central plane to its completely orthogonal square central plane in a twisting displacement, as they tilt sideways 90° into each other's plane while rotating 90° internally. All the vertices move at once on the same circular helix geodesic isocline, displaced 90° in 8 orthogonal directions, and the rigid 16-cell assumes a new orientation in 4-space. When the 90° isoclinic rotation is continued in the same rotational direction through an additional 90°, each vertex is again displaced 90°, but from the new orientation in a direction orthogonal to its first 90° displacement. After 360° of rotation each vertex reaches its antipodal position.

The trajectory of each vertex over each 90° isoclinic rotational displacement is a one-eighth segment of its geodesic orbit. Its entire orbit traces a circular helix isocline in 4-space over eight &lt;math&gt;r_3&lt;/math&gt; chords, and also traces an ordinary great circle twice over the four &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; chords within one of the two moving invariant rotation planes. In the course of a 720° isoclinic rotation each vertex departs from all 8 vertex positions just once and returns to its original position, and the 16-cell returns to its original orientation.

== Hypercubes ==
The long diameter of the unit-edge [[W:Hypercube|hypercube]] of dimension &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; is &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{n}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;, so the unit-edge [[w:Tesseract|4-hypercube, the 16-point (8-cell) tesseract,]] has chords:
:&lt;math&gt;r_1=\sqrt{1},r_2=\sqrt{2},r_3=\sqrt{3},r_4=\sqrt{4}&lt;/math&gt;
Uniquely in its 4-dimensional case, the hypercube's edge length equals its radius, like the hexagon. We call such polytopes ''radially equilateral'', because they can be constructed from equilateral triangles which meet at their center, each contributing two radii and an edge. The cuboctahedron and the 24-cell are also radially equilateral.

The [[W:Tesseract|tesseract]] is the [[W:Regular convex 4-polytope|regular convex 4-polytope]] with [[W:Schläfli symbol|Schläfli symbol]] {4,3,3}. It has 16 vertices, 32 edges, 24 square faces, and 8 cube cells. It is the four-dimensional analogue of the cube.

The tesseract is the [[W:Dual polytope|dual polytope]] of the 16-cell. They have the same Petrie polygon, the regular octagon, but the tesseract contains 2 disjoint instances and 4 distinct instances of the skew octagon. We can construct the tesseract by skewing two planar octagons. Because the tesseract is radially equilateral (unlike the 16-cell), we start with our original octagon of unit-edge length, rather than the octagon of edge length &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; that we needed to build the unit-radius 16-cell.

For our tesseract construction we skew each planar octagon into a cube, so we have a compound of two completely orthogonal cubes. Provided the planes were completely orthogonal in 4-space and we skewed them both the same way, the 16 vertices will be the vertices of a tesseract with half of its 32 edges missing.

The 16-point tesseract is the convex hull of a compound of two 8-point 16-cells, in exact dimensional analogy to the way the 8-point cube is the convex hull of a [[W:Stellated octahedron|compound of two regular 4-point tetrahedra]]. The [[W:Demihypercube|demihypercubes]] occupy alternate vertices of the hypercubes. The diagonals of the square faces of the unit-radius tesseract are the &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; edges of two unit-radius 16-cells, which are also the edges of the square central planes.

Because the tesseract contains two 16-cells in alternate positions it has two sets of 6 orthogonal square central planes. Two angles are required to specify the relationship between two planes in 4-space. Pairs of planes within each 16-cell are 90° apart in one angle, and either 0° or 90° apart in the other angle. They are 90° apart in both angles if and only if they are completely orthogonal planes, 90° apart by isoclinic rotation, with no vertices in common and their corresponding vertices 180° apart. Otherwise they are 0° apart in one of the angles, 90° apart by simple rotation with their corresponding vertices 90° apart, and they intersect in one axis and lie in a common 3-dimensional hyperplane.{{Efn|A double rotation in which one of the two angles of rotation is 0°, so that one of the completely orthogonal invariant planes does not rotate, is called a simple rotation. Ordinary rotations observed in a 3-dimensional space are simple rotations.}}

A pair of square central planes from alternate 16-cells are 60° apart by isoclinic rotation, with their corresponding vertices 120° apart. The planes are not orthogonal or parallel, so they intersect in a line somewhere, but they have no vertices in common, they have no 3-dimensional hyperplane in common, and they cannot reach each other by simple rotation. Such pairs of objects are called [[W:Clifford parallel|Clifford parallel]] because all their corresponding pairs of vertices are the same distance apart, although they are not parallel in the usual sense, because they have a common center. Not only the alternate 16-cells' corresponding square central planes, but also the 16-cells themselves, are Clifford parallel objects.

We can rotate the tesseract isoclinically the way we rotated the 16-cell, by 90° in two completely orthogonal invariant square central planes, with the same effect on both alternate 16-cells. In the course of a 720° isoclinic rotation in invariant square central planes each vertex departs from all 8 vertex positions of its 16-cell just once and returns to its original position, but it does not visit the vertex positions of the other 16-cell. The skew octagon geodesic orbits of the 16 vertices lie on two disjoint octagram circular helixes of the same chirality, which are Clifford parallel objects that form a circular double helix.

== The 24-cell ==
In 2-space we have the radially equilateral 6-point hexagon. In 3-space we have the radially equilateral 12-point cuboctahedron, with 4 hexagonal central planes. In 4-space we have the radially equilateral 24-point 24-cell, with 4 cuboctahedral central hyperplanes and 16 hexagonal central planes.

Great hexagons are a rounder choice than great squares for the invariant rotation planes in which to rotate a 4-polytope isoclinically. The complete hexagonal isoclinic revolution requires 720° like the square isoclinic revolution, but it is completed in 6 chordal steps of 120° each rather than 8 chordal steps of 90° each.

...

== The 600-cell ==

...

== Finally the 120-cell ==

...

== Conclusions ==

Fontaine and Hurley's discovery is more than a formula for the reciprocal of a regular ''n''-polygon diagonal. It also yields the discrete sequence of isocline chords of the distinct isoclinic rotation characteristic of a ''d''-dimensional regular polytope. The characteristic rotational chord sequence of the ''d''-polytope can be represented geometrically in two dimensions on a distinct star polygon, but it lies on a geodesic circle through ''d''-dimensional space. Fontaine and Hurley discovered the geodesic topology of polytopes generally. Their procedure will reveal the geodesics of arbitrary non-uniform polytopes, since it can be applied to a polytope of any dimensionality and irregularity, by first fitting the polytope to the smallest regular polygon whose chords include its chords.

Fontaine and Hurley's discovery of a chordal formula for isoclinic rotations closes the circuit on Kappraff and Adamson's discovery of a rotational connection between dynamical systems, Steinbach's golden fields, and Coxeter's Euclidean geometry of ''n'' dimensions. Application of the Fontaine and Hurley procedure in higher-dimensional spaces demonstrates why the connection exists: because polytope sequences generally, from Steinbach's golden polygon chord sequences, to chord sequences in isoclinic rotation helixes, to subsumption relations in the sequence of regular 4-polytopes, arise as expressions of the reflections and rotations of distinct Coxeter symmetry groups, when those various groups interact.

== Appendix: Sequence of regular 4-polytopes ==
{{Regular convex 4-polytopes|wiki=W:|columns=7}}

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== Citations ==
{{Reflist}}

== References ==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Cite journal | last=Steinbach | first=Peter | year=1997 | title=Golden fields: A case for the Heptagon | journal=Mathematics Magazine | volume=70 | issue=Feb 1997 | pages=22–31 | doi=10.1080/0025570X.1997.11996494 | jstor=2691048 | ref={{SfnRef|Steinbach|1997}} }}
* {{Cite journal | last=Steinbach | first=Peter | year=2000 | title=Sections Beyond Golden| journal=Bridges: Mathematical Connections in Art, Music and Science | issue=2000 | pages=35-44 | url=https://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2000/bridges2000-35.pdf | ref={{SfnRef|Steinbach|2000}}}}
* {{Cite journal | last1=Kappraff | first1=Jay | last2=Jablan | first2=Slavik | last3=Adamson | first3=Gary | last4=Sazdanovich | first4=Radmila | year=2004 | title=Golden Fields, Generalized Fibonacci Sequences, and Chaotic Matrices | journal=Forma | volume=19 | pages=367-387 | url=https://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2005/bridges2005-369.pdf | ref={{SfnRef|Kappraff, Jablan, Adamson &amp; Sazdanovich|2004}} }}
* {{Cite journal | last1=Kappraff | first1=Jay | last2=Adamson | first2=Gary | year=2004 | title=Polygons and Chaos | journal=Dynamical Systems and Geometric Theories | url=https://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2001/bridges2001-67.pdf | ref={{SfnRef|Kappraff &amp; Adamson|2004}} }}
* {{Cite journal | last1=Fontaine | first1=Anne | last2=Hurley | first2=Susan | year=2006 | title=Proof by Picture: Products and Reciprocals of Diagonal Length Ratios in the Regular Polygon | journal=Forum Geometricorum | volume=6 | pages=97-101 | url=https://scispace.com/pdf/proof-by-picture-products-and-reciprocals-of-diagonal-length-1aian8mgp9.pdf }}
{{Refend}}</text>
      <sha1>mgtea6uwh0kyaxeptahxhr8rm7utga2</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>2809946</id>
      <parentid>2809945</parentid>
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        <username>Dc.samizdat</username>
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      <text bytes="47356" sha1="thowxqk7jakkhmhhwsbn09h8a4eual0" xml:space="preserve">{{align|center|David Brooks Christie}}
{{align|center|dc@samizdat.org}}
{{align|center|Draft in progress}}
{{align|center|January 2026 - April 2026}}

&lt;blockquote&gt;Steinbach discovered the formula for the ratios of diagonal to side in the regular polygons. Fontaine and Hurley extended this result, discovering a formula for the reciprocal of a regular polygon chord derived geometrically from the chord's star polygon. We observe that these findings in plane geometry apply more generally, to polytopes of any dimensionality. Fontaine and Hurley's geometric procedure for finding the reciprocals of the chords of a regular polygon from their star polygons also finds the rotational geodesics of any polytope of any dimensionality.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
== Introduction ==
Steinbach discovered the Diagonal Product Formula and the Golden Fields family of ratios of diagonal to side in the regular polygons. He showed how this family extends beyond the pentagon {5} with its well-known golden bisection proportional to 𝜙, finding that the heptagon {7} has an analogous trisection, the nonagon {9} has an analogous quadrasection, and the hendecagon {11} has an analogous pentasection, an extended family of golden proportions with quasiperiodic properties. 

Kappraff and Adamson extended these findings in plane geometry to a theory of Generalized Fibonacci Sequences, showing that the Golden Fields not only do not end with the hendecagon, they form an infinite number of periodic trajectories when operated on by the Mandelbrot operator. They found a relation between the edges of star polygons and dynamical systems in the state of chaos, revealing a connection between chaos theory, number, and rotations in Coxeter Euclidean geometry. 

Fontaine and Hurley examined Steinbach's finding that the length of each chord of a regular polygon is both the product of two chords and the sum of a set of smaller chords, so that in rotations to add is to multiply. They illustrated Steinbach's sets of additive chords lying parallel to each other in the plane (pointing in the same direction), and by applying Steinbach's formula more generally they found another summation relation of signed parallel chords (pointing in opposite directions) which relates each chord length to its reciprocal, and relates the summation to a distinct star polygon rotation. 

We examine these remarkable findings (which stem from study of the chords of humble regular polygons) in higher-dimensional spaces, specifically in the chords, polygons and rotations of the [[120-cell]], the largest four-dimensional regular convex polytope.

== Visualizing the 120-cell ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable floatright&quot; width=&quot;400&quot;
|style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot;|[[File:120-cell.gif|200px]]&lt;br&gt;Orthographic projection of the 600-point 120-cell &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\{5,3,3\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; performing a [[W:SO(4)#Geometry of 4D rotations|simple rotation]].{{Sfn|Hise|2011|loc=File:120-cell.gif|ps=; &quot;Created by Jason Hise with Maya and Macromedia Fireworks. A 3D projection of a 120-cell performing a [[W:SO(4)#Geometry of 4D rotations|simple rotation]].&quot;}} In this simplified rendering only the 120-cell's own edges are shown; its 29 interior chords are not rendered. Therefore even though it is translucent, only its outer surface is visible. The complex interior parts of the 120-cell, all its inscribed 5-cells, 16-cells, 8-cells, 24-cells, 600-cells and its much larger inventory of polyhedra, are completely invisible in this view, as none of their edges are rendered at all.
|style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot;|[[File:Ortho solid 016-uniform polychoron p33-t0.png|200px]]&lt;br&gt;Orthographic projection of the 600-point [[W:Great grand stellated 120-cell|great grand stellated 120-cell]] &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\{\tfrac{5}{2},3,3\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;.{{Sfn|Ruen: Great grand stellated 120-cell|2007}} The 120-cell is its convex hull. The projection to the left renders only the 120-cell's shortest chord, its 1200 edges. The projection above also renders only one of the 120-cell's 30 chords, the edges of its 120 inscribed regular 5-cells. The 120-cell itself (the convex hull) is invisible in this view, as its edges are not rendered.
|}

[[120-cell#Geometry|The 120-cell is the maximally complex regular 4-polytope]], containing inscribed instances of every regular 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-polytope, except the regular polygons of more than {15} sides. 

The 120-cell is the convex hull of a regular [[120-cell#Relationships among interior polytopes|compound of each of the 6 regular convex 4-polytopes]]. They are the [[5-cell|5-point (5-cell) 4-simplex]], the [[16-cell|8-point (16-cell) 4-orthoplex]], the [[W:Tesseract|16-point (8-cell) tesseract]], the [[24-cell|24-point (24-cell)]], the [[600-cell|120-point (600-cell)]], and the [[120-cell|600-point (120-cell)]]. The 120-cell is the convex hull of a compound of 120 disjoint regular 5-cells, of 75 disjoint 16-cells, of 25 disjoint 24-cells, and of 5 disjoint 600-cells.

The 120-cell contains an even larger inventory of irregular polytopes, created by the intersection of multiple instances of these component regular 4-polytopes. Many are quite unexpected, because they do not occur as components of any regular polytope smaller than the 120-cell. As just one example among the [[120-cell#Concentric hulls|sections of the 120-cell]], there is an irregular 24-point polyhedron with 16 triangle faces and 4 nonagon {9} faces.{{Sfn|Moxness|}}

Most renderings of the 120-cell, like the rotating projection here, only illustrate its outer surface, which is a honeycomb of face-bonded dodecahedral cells. Only the objects in its 3-dimensional surface are rendered, namely the 120 dodecahedra, their pentagon faces, and their edges. Although the 120-cell has chords of 30 distinct lengths, in this kind of simplified rendering only the 120-cell's own edges (its shortest chord) are shown. Its 29 interior chords, the edges of objects in the interior of the 120-cell, are not rendered, so interior objects are not visible at all.

Visualizing the complete interior of the 600-vertex 120-cell in a single image is impractical because of its complexity. Only four 120-cell edges are incident at each vertex, but [[120-cell#Chords|600 chords (of all 30 lengths)]] are incident at ''each'' vertex.

== Compounds in the 120-cell ==
The 8-point (16-cell), not the 5-point (5-cell), is the smallest building block; it compounds to every larger regular 4-polytope. The 5-point (5-cell) does compound to the 600-point (120-cell), but it does not fit into any smaller regular 4-polytope. 

The 8-point (16-cell) compounds by 2 in the 16-point (8-cell), and by 3 in the 24-point (24-cell). The 16-point (8-cell) compounds in the 24-point (24-cell) by 3 non-disjoint instances of itself, with each of the 24 vertices shared by two 16-point (8-cells). The 24-point (24-cell) compounds by 5 disjoint instances of itself in the 120-point (600-cell), and the 120-point (600-cell) compounds by 5 disjoint instances of itself in the 600-point (120-cell).

The 24-point (24-cell) also compounds by &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; non-disjoint instances of itself in the 120-point (600-cell); it compounds in 5 disjoint instances of itself, 10 (not 5) different ways. Whichever set of 5 disjoint 24-point (24-cells) are assembled, the resulting 120-point (600-cell) contains 25 distinct 24-point (24-cells), not just 5 (or 10). This implies that 15 disjoint 8-point (16-cells) will construct a 120-point (600-cell), which will contain 75 distinct 8-point (16-cells). 

The 600-point (120-cell) is 5 disjoint 120-point (600-cells), just 2 different ways (not 5 or 10 ways), so it is 10 distinct 120-point (600-cells). This implies that the 8-point (16-cell) compounds by 3 times &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; (75) disjoint instances of itself in the 600-point (120-cell), which contains &lt;math&gt;3^2&lt;/math&gt; times  &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; (225) distinct instances of the 24-point (24-cell), and  &lt;math&gt;3^3&lt;/math&gt; times &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; (675) distinct instances of the 8-point (16-cell). 

These facts were discovered painstakingly by various researchers, and no one has found a general rule governing subsumption relations among regular polytopes. The reasons for some of their numeric incidence relations are far from obvious. [[W:Pieter Hendrik Schoute|Schoute]] was the first to see that the 120-point (600-cell) is a compound of 5 24-point (24-cells) ''10 different ways'', and after he saw it a hundred years lapsed until Denney, Hooker, Johnson, Robinson, Butler &amp; Claiborne proved his result, and showed why.{{Sfn|Denney, Hooker, Johnson, Robinson, Butler &amp; Claiborne|2020|loc=''The geometry of H4 polytopes''}}

So much for the compounds of 16-cells. The 120-cell is also the convex hull of the compound of 120 disjoint regular 5-cells. That stellated compound (without its convex hull of 120-cell edges) is the [[w:Great_grand_stellated_120-cell|great grand stellated 120-cell]] illustrated above, the final regular [[W:Stellation|stellation]] of the 120-cell, and the only [[W:Schläfli-Hess polychoron|regular star 4-polytope]] to have the 120-cell for its convex hull. The edges of the great grand stellated 120-cell are &lt;math&gt;\phi^6&lt;/math&gt; as long as those of its 120-cell [[W:List of polyhedral stellations#Stellation process|stellation core]] deep inside.

The compound of 120 disjoint 5-point (5-cells) can be seen to be equivalent to the compound of 5 disjoint 120-point (600-cells), as follows. Beginning with a single 120-point (600-cell), expand each vertex into a regular 5-cell, by adding 4 new equidistant vertices, such that the 5 vertices form a regular 5-cell inscribed in the 3-sphere. The 120 5-cells are disjoint, and the 600 vertices form 5 disjoint 120-point (600-cells): a 120-cell.

== Thirty distinguished distances ==
The 30 numbers listed in the table are all-important in Euclidean geometry. A case can be made on symmetry grounds that their squares are the 30 most important numbers between 0 and 4. The 30 rows of the table are the 30 distinct [[120-cell#Geodesic rectangles|chord lengths of the unit-radius 120-cell]], the largest regular convex 4-polytope. Since the 120-cell subsumes all smaller regular polytopes, its 30 chords are the complete chord set of all the regular polytopes that can be constructed in the first four dimensions of Euclidean space, except for regular polygons of more than 15 sides.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center&quot;
!rowspan=2|&lt;math&gt;c_t&lt;/math&gt;
!rowspan=2|arc
!rowspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{n}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
!rowspan=2|&lt;math&gt;\left\{p\right\}&lt;/math&gt;
!rowspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;m\left\{\frac{k}{d}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
!rowspan=2|Steinbach roots
!colspan=7|Chord lengths of the unit 120-cell
|-
!colspan=5|unit-radius length &lt;math&gt;c_t&lt;/math&gt;
!colspan=2|unit-edge length &lt;math&gt;c_t/c_1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;br&gt;in 120-cell of radius &lt;math&gt;c_8=\sqrt{2}\phi^2&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{1,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;15.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{30\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{30\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{4,1}-c_{2,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7-3 \sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.270091&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2} \phi ^2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2 \phi ^4}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.072949}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{2,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;25.2{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{2}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \left\{15\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(c_{18,1}-c_{4,1}\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{3-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.437016&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2} \phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2 \phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.190983}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.61803&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{3,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;36{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{10\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3 \left\{\frac{10}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(\sqrt{5}-1\right) c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(\sqrt{5}-1\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.618034&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.381966}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.28825&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{4,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;41.4{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{c_{8,1}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.707107&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.61803&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{5,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;44.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{4}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \left\{\frac{15}{2}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} c_{2,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{9-3 \sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.756934&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}}{\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2 \phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.572949}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} \phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.80252&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{6,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;49.1{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{17}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{5-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{5-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.831254&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi }}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.690983}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi ^3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.07768&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{7,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;56.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{20}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{\phi }} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.93913&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{\frac{\psi }{\phi }}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\psi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.881966}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\psi  \phi ^3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.47709&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;60{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{5}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{6\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{6\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.70246&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{9,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;66.1{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{40}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{2 \phi }} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.09132&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{\frac{\chi }{\phi }}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\chi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.19098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\chi  \phi ^3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.04057&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{10,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;69.8{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{11}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi  c_{4,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2 \sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.14412&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\phi }{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\phi ^2}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.30902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^3&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.23607&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{11,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;72{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{6}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{5\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{5\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi }} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.17557&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3-\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3-\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.38197}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \sqrt{3-\phi } \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.3525&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{12,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;75.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{24}{5}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.22474&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.53457&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{13,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;81.1{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{13}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{9-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{9-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.30038&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{9-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(9-\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.69098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(9-\sqrt{5}\right)} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.8146&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{14,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;84.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{40}{9}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi } c_{8,1}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{1+\sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.345&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi }}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{5} \phi }{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.80902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi ^5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.9798&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{15,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;90.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{4\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{4\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 c_{4,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.41421&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.23607&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{16,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;95.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{29}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{11-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.4802&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(11-\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.19098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(11-\sqrt{5}\right)} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.48037&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{17,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;98.9{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{31}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7+\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{7+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.51954&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{7+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(7+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.30902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\psi  \phi ^5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.62605&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{18,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;104.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{8}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{15}{4}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.58114&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{5} \sqrt{\phi ^4}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.8541&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{19,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;108.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{9}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{10}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{3,1}+c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(1+\sqrt{5}\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.61803&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1+\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.61803}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \phi ^3&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.9907&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{20,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;110.2{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{13-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.64042&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(13-\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.69098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\phi ^2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.07359&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{21,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;113.9{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{19}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.67601&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.80902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\frac{\chi }{\phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.20537&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{22,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;120{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{10}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{3\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{3\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.73205&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{6} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.41285&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{23,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;124.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{41}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi }+\frac{5}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.7658&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4-\frac{\psi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4-\frac{\psi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.11803}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\chi  \phi ^5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.53779&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{24,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;130.9{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{20}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{11+\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.81907&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(11+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.30902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\frac{\sqrt{5}}{\phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.73503&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{25,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;135.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{11}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{11}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7+3 \sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7+3 \sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.85123&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\phi ^2}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\phi ^4}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.42705}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^4&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.8541&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{26,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;138.6{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{12}{5}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.87083&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{7} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.92667&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{27,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;144{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{12}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{5}{2}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(5+\sqrt{5}\right)} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(5+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.90211&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\phi +2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2+\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.61803}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{2 \phi +4}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.0425&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{28,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;154.8{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{13}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{13}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{13+\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.95167&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(13+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.80902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\frac{1}{\phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.22598&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{29,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;164.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{14}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{15}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi  c_{12,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{\frac{3}{2}} \left(1+\sqrt{5}\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.98168&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}} \phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3 \phi ^2}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.92705}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} \phi ^3&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.33708&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{30,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;180{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{15}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{2\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{2\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \sqrt{2} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.40492&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|rowspan=4 colspan=6|
|rowspan=4 colspan=4|
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; is the golden ratio:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2-\phi -1=0&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\phi }+1=\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;, and: &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi+1=\phi^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\phi }::1::\phi ::\phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1/\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; and &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; are the golden sections of &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi +\frac{1}{\phi }=\sqrt{5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi = (\sqrt{5} + 1)/2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.618034&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\chi = (3\sqrt{5} + 1)/2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.854102&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\psi = (3\sqrt{5} - 1)/2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.854102&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\psi = 11/\chi = 22/(3\sqrt{5} + 1)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.854102&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|}

...

== The 8-point regular polytopes ==
In 2-space we have the regular 8-point octagon, in 3-space the regular 8-point cube, and in 4-space the regular 8-point [[16-cell]].

A planar octagon with rigid edges of unit length has chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=1,r_2=\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}} \approx 1.84776,r_3=1+\sqrt{2} \approx 2.41421,r_4=\sqrt{4 + \sqrt{8}} \approx 2.61313&lt;/math&gt;

The chord ratio &lt;math&gt;r_3=1+\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt; is a geometrical proportion, the [[W:Silver ratio|silver ratio]]. Fontaine and Hurley's procedure for obtaining the reciprocal of a chord tells us that:

:&lt;math&gt;r_3-r_1-r_1=1/r_3 \approx 0.41421&lt;/math&gt;

Note that &lt;math&gt;1/r_3=\sqrt{2}-1=r_3-2&lt;/math&gt;.

If we embed this planar octagon in 3-space, we can make it skew, repositioning its vertices so that each is one unit-edge length distant from three others instead of two others, at the vertices of a unit-edge cube with chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=1, r_2=\sqrt{2}, r_3=\sqrt{3}, r_4=\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;

If we embed this cube in 4-space, we can skew it some more, repositioning its vertices so that each is one unit-edge length distant from six others instead of three others, at the vertices of a unit-edge 4-polytope with chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=1,r_2=1,r_3=1,r_4=\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;

All of its chords except its long diameters are the same unit length as its edge. In fact they are its 24 edges, and it is a 16-cell of radius &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1/\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;.

[[File:octagon16cell.png|thumb|Orthogonal projection of a regular 16-cell to the [[16-cell#Projections|B&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; Coxeter plane]]. Only its edges are shown; its long diameter chords are not drawn. All 24 edges are the same length. Only the edges of the two disjoint squares lie parallel to the projection plane, in completely orthogonal central planes.]]

The [[16-cell]] is the [[W:Regular convex 4-polytope|regular convex 4-polytope]] with [[W:Schläfli symbol|Schläfli symbol]] {3,3,4}. It has 8 vertices, 24 edges, 32 equilateral triangle faces, and 16 regular tetrahedron cells. It is the [[16-cell#Octahedral dipyramid|four-dimensional analogue of the octahedron]], and each of its four orthogonal central hyperplanes is an octahedron.

The only planar regular polygons found in the 16-cell are face triangles and central plane squares, but the 16-cell also contains a skew regular octagon, its [[W:Petrie polygon|Petrie polygon]]. The chords of this regular octagon, which lies skew in 4-space, are those given above for the 16-cell, as opposed to those for the cube or the regular octagon in the plane. The 16-cell is a construct of 3 Petrie octagons which share the same 8 vertices but have disjoint sets of 8 edges each.

The regular octad has higher symmetry in 4-space than it does in 2-space. The 16-cell is the 4-orthoplex, the simplest regular 4-polytope after the [[5-cell|4-simplex]]. All the larger regular convex 4-polytopes are compounds of the 16-cell. The regular octagon exhibits this high symmetry only when embedded in 4-space at the vertices of the 16-cell.

The 16-cell constitutes an [[W:Orthonormal basis|orthonormal basis]] for the choice of a 4-dimensional Cartesian reference frame, because its vertices define four orthogonal axes. The eight vertices of a unit-radius 16-cell are (±1, 0, 0, 0), (0, ±1, 0, 0), (0, 0, ±1, 0), (0, 0, 0, ±1). All vertices are connected by &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; edges except opposite pairs. 

The vertex coordinates of the 16-cell form 6 central squares lying in 6 pairwise [[W:Orthogonal|orthogonal]] coordinate planes. Great squares in ''opposite'' planes that do not share an axis (e.g. in the ''xy'' and ''wz'' planes) are completely disjoint (they do not intersect at any vertices). These planes are [[W:Completely orthogonal|completely orthogonal]].{{Efn|name=Six orthogonal planes of the Cartesian basis}}

Since this unit-radius coordinate system is convenient, let us derive the unit-radius 16-cell by skewing a unit-radius planar octagon, which has chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=\sqrt{2-\sqrt{2}} \approx 0.76537,r_2=\sqrt{2},r_3=\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}} \approx 1.84776,r_4=2&lt;/math&gt;

We will need a planar octagon with rigid &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; chords, rather than one with rigid &lt;math&gt;r_1&lt;/math&gt; edges. The octagon's &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; chords form two disjoint great squares, visible in the orthogonal projection, which we can reposition in 3-space to form a cube by making them parallel, and in 4-space to form a 16-cell by making them completely orthogonal.

In the 16-cell the two completely orthogonal great squares formed by the &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; chords are both parallel and perpendicular to each other. A ''simple'' rotation of the 16-cell in ''one'' of those two central planes rotates that square like a wheel, while the other square does not move. The four vertices of the rotating square orbit on a great circle in the plane.

The &lt;math&gt;r_1&lt;/math&gt; chords of the 16-cell form a Petrie polygon which zig-zags back and forth between the two completely orthogonal &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; squares.

The &lt;math&gt;r_3&lt;/math&gt; chords of the 16-cell form a circular helix, visible as a skew {8/3} octagram in the orthogonal projection. A ''double'' rotation of the 16-cell, in ''both'' of the two completely orthogonal &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; square planes at once by the same angle, moves the eight vertices along the circular helix over the &lt;math&gt;r_3&lt;/math&gt; chords. The circular helix is a [[w:Geodesic|geodesic]] great circle on the 3-sphere of a special kind: it does not lie in a central plane, its circumference is &lt;math&gt;4 \pi&lt;/math&gt;, and it occurs in either a left or right chiral form. We shall refer to the circular helix geodesic as an ''isocline'', and to the skew {8/3} octagram of its chords as a ''Clifford polygon''.

[[W:Rotations in 4-dimensional Euclidean space|Rotations in 4-dimensional Euclidean space]] can be seen as the composition of two 2-dimensional rotations in completely orthogonal planes. The general rotation in 4-space is a double rotation in pairs of completely orthogonal planes. Two completely orthogonal planes are called invariant planes of the rotation when all points in the plane rotate on circles that remain in the plane, even as the whole plane tilts sideways (like a coin flipping) into another plane. The two completely orthogonal rotations of each plane (like a wheel, and like a coin flipping) are simultaneous but independent, in that they are not geometrically constrained to turn at the same rate. However, the most circular kind of rotation (as opposed to an elliptical double rotation of a rigid spherical object) occurs when the invariant planes do rotate through the same angle in the same time interval. Such equi-angled double rotations are called [[w:SO(4)#Isoclinic_rotations|isoclinic]], also [[w:William_Kingdon_Clifford|Clifford]] displacements.

The 16-cell is the simplest possible frame in which to [[16-cell#Rotations|observe 4-dimensional rotations]] because its characteristic rotations feature a single pair of invariant rotation planes. In the 16-cell an isoclinic rotation by 90° in any pair of invariant completely orthogonal square central planes takes every square central plane to its completely orthogonal square central plane in a twisting displacement, as they tilt sideways 90° into each other's plane while rotating 90° internally. All the vertices move at once on the same circular helix geodesic isocline, displaced 90° in 8 orthogonal directions, and the rigid 16-cell assumes a new orientation in 4-space. When the 90° isoclinic rotation is continued in the same rotational direction through an additional 90°, each vertex is again displaced 90°, but from the new orientation in a direction orthogonal to its first 90° displacement. After 360° of rotation each vertex reaches its antipodal position.

The trajectory of each vertex over each 90° isoclinic rotational displacement is a one-eighth segment of its geodesic orbit. Its entire orbit traces a circular helix isocline in 4-space over eight &lt;math&gt;r_3&lt;/math&gt; chords, and also traces an ordinary great circle twice over the four &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; chords within one of the two moving invariant rotation planes. In the course of a 720° isoclinic rotation each vertex departs from all 8 vertex positions just once and returns to its original position, and the 16-cell returns to its original orientation.

== Hypercubes ==
The long diameter of the unit-edge [[W:Hypercube|hypercube]] of dimension &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; is &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{n}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;, so the unit-edge [[w:Tesseract|4-hypercube, the 16-point (8-cell) tesseract,]] has chords:
:&lt;math&gt;r_1=\sqrt{1},r_2=\sqrt{2},r_3=\sqrt{3},r_4=\sqrt{4}&lt;/math&gt;
Uniquely in its 4-dimensional case, the hypercube's edge length equals its radius, like the hexagon. We call such polytopes ''radially equilateral'', because they can be constructed from equilateral triangles which meet at their center, each contributing two radii and an edge. The cuboctahedron and the 24-cell are also radially equilateral.

The [[W:Tesseract|tesseract]] is the [[W:Regular convex 4-polytope|regular convex 4-polytope]] with [[W:Schläfli symbol|Schläfli symbol]] {4,3,3}. It has 16 vertices, 32 edges, 24 square faces, and 8 cube cells. It is the four-dimensional analogue of the cube.

The 16-point tesseract is the convex hull of a compound of two 8-point 16-cells, in exact dimensional analogy to the way the 8-point cube is the convex hull of a [[W:Stellated octahedron|compound of two regular 4-point tetrahedra]]. The [[W:Demihypercube|demihypercubes]] occupy alternate vertices of the hypercubes. The diagonals of the square faces of the unit-edge, unit-radius tesseract are the &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; edges of two unit-radius 16-cells, which are also the edges of the square central planes.

We can rotate the tesseract isoclinically the way we rotated the 16-cell, by 90° in two completely orthogonal invariant square central planes, with the same effect on both alternate-position 16-cells. In the course of a 720° isoclinic rotation in invariant square central planes each vertex departs from all 8 vertex positions of its 16-cell just once and returns to its original position, but it does not visit the vertex positions of the other 16-cell. The skew octagon geodesic orbits of the 16 vertices lie on two disjoint octagram circular helix isoclines of the same chirality, which are [[w:Clifford_parallel|Clifford parallel]] objects that form a circular double helix.

The tesseract is the [[W:Dual polytope|dual polytope]] of the 16-cell. They have the same Petrie polygon, the regular skew octagon, but the tesseract is a construct of 4 Petrie octagons which share the 16 vertices pairwise but have disjoint sets of 8 tesseract edges each.

We can construct the tesseract by skewing two planar octagons. Because the tesseract is radially equilateral (unlike the 16-cell), we use two octagons of unit-edge length to build the unit-radius tesseract. To start we embed the planar octagons in 4-space at the same point and make them completely orthogonal. We then skew each planar octagon into a cube, so we have a compound of two completely orthogonal cubes. Provided we skewed them both the same way, the 16 vertices will be the vertices of a tesseract with half its 32 edges missing.

Because the tesseract contains two 16-cells in alternate positions it has two sets of 6 orthogonal square central planes. Two angles are required to specify the relationship between two planes in 4-space. Pairs of planes within each 16-cell are 90° apart in one angle, and either 0° or 90° apart in the other angle. They are 90° apart in both angles if and only if they are completely orthogonal planes, 90° apart by isoclinic rotation, with no vertices in common and their corresponding vertices 180° apart. Otherwise they are 0° apart in one of the angles, 90° apart by simple rotation with their corresponding vertices 90° apart, and they intersect in one axis and lie in a common 3-dimensional hyperplane.{{Efn|A double rotation in which one of the two angles of rotation is 0°, so that one of the completely orthogonal invariant planes does not rotate, is called a simple rotation. Ordinary rotations observed in a 3-dimensional space are simple rotations.}}

A pair of square central planes from alternate-position 16-cells are 60° apart by isoclinic rotation, with their corresponding vertices 120° apart. The planes are not orthogonal or parallel, so they intersect in a line somewhere, but they have no vertices in common, they have no 3-dimensional hyperplane in common, and they cannot reach each other by simple rotation. Such pairs of objects are called [[W:Clifford parallel|Clifford parallel]] because all their corresponding pairs of vertices are the same distance apart, although they are not parallel in the usual sense, because they have a common center. Not only the alternate 16-cells' corresponding square central planes, but also the 16-cells themselves, are Clifford parallel objects. More generally, multiple disjoint instances of a 4-polytope which compound to make a larger 4-polytope are Clifford parallel objects.

== The 24-cell ==
In 2-space we have the radially equilateral 6-point hexagon. In 3-space we have the radially equilateral 12-point cuboctahedron, with 4 hexagonal central planes. In 4-space we have the radially equilateral 24-point 24-cell, with 4 cuboctahedral central hyperplanes and 16 hexagonal central planes.

Great hexagons are a rounder choice than great squares for the invariant rotation planes in which to rotate a 4-polytope isoclinically. The complete hexagonal isoclinic revolution requires 720° like the square isoclinic revolution, but it is completed in 6 chordal steps of 120° each rather than 8 chordal steps of 90° each.

...

== The 600-cell ==

...

== Finally the 120-cell ==

...

== Conclusions ==

Fontaine and Hurley's discovery is more than a formula for the reciprocal of a regular ''n''-polygon diagonal. It also yields the discrete sequence of isocline chords of the distinct isoclinic rotation characteristic of a ''d''-dimensional regular polytope. The characteristic rotational chord sequence of the ''d''-polytope can be represented geometrically in two dimensions on a distinct star polygon, but it lies on a geodesic circle through ''d''-dimensional space. Fontaine and Hurley discovered the geodesic topology of polytopes generally. Their procedure will reveal the geodesics of arbitrary non-uniform polytopes, since it can be applied to a polytope of any dimensionality and irregularity, by first fitting the polytope to the smallest regular polygon whose chords include its chords.

Fontaine and Hurley's discovery of a chordal formula for isoclinic rotations closes the circuit on Kappraff and Adamson's discovery of a rotational connection between dynamical systems, Steinbach's golden fields, and Coxeter's Euclidean geometry of ''n'' dimensions. Application of the Fontaine and Hurley procedure in higher-dimensional spaces demonstrates why the connection exists: because polytope sequences generally, from Steinbach's golden polygon chord sequences, to chord sequences in isoclinic rotation helixes, to subsumption relations in the sequence of regular 4-polytopes, arise as expressions of the reflections and rotations of distinct Coxeter symmetry groups, when those various groups interact.

== Appendix: Sequence of regular 4-polytopes ==
{{Regular convex 4-polytopes|wiki=W:|columns=7}}

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== Citations ==
{{Reflist}}

== References ==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Cite journal | last=Steinbach | first=Peter | year=1997 | title=Golden fields: A case for the Heptagon | journal=Mathematics Magazine | volume=70 | issue=Feb 1997 | pages=22–31 | doi=10.1080/0025570X.1997.11996494 | jstor=2691048 | ref={{SfnRef|Steinbach|1997}} }}
* {{Cite journal | last=Steinbach | first=Peter | year=2000 | title=Sections Beyond Golden| journal=Bridges: Mathematical Connections in Art, Music and Science | issue=2000 | pages=35-44 | url=https://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2000/bridges2000-35.pdf | ref={{SfnRef|Steinbach|2000}}}}
* {{Cite journal | last1=Kappraff | first1=Jay | last2=Jablan | first2=Slavik | last3=Adamson | first3=Gary | last4=Sazdanovich | first4=Radmila | year=2004 | title=Golden Fields, Generalized Fibonacci Sequences, and Chaotic Matrices | journal=Forma | volume=19 | pages=367-387 | url=https://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2005/bridges2005-369.pdf | ref={{SfnRef|Kappraff, Jablan, Adamson &amp; Sazdanovich|2004}} }}
* {{Cite journal | last1=Kappraff | first1=Jay | last2=Adamson | first2=Gary | year=2004 | title=Polygons and Chaos | journal=Dynamical Systems and Geometric Theories | url=https://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2001/bridges2001-67.pdf | ref={{SfnRef|Kappraff &amp; Adamson|2004}} }}
* {{Cite journal | last1=Fontaine | first1=Anne | last2=Hurley | first2=Susan | year=2006 | title=Proof by Picture: Products and Reciprocals of Diagonal Length Ratios in the Regular Polygon | journal=Forum Geometricorum | volume=6 | pages=97-101 | url=https://scispace.com/pdf/proof-by-picture-products-and-reciprocals-of-diagonal-length-1aian8mgp9.pdf }}
{{Refend}}</text>
      <sha1>thowxqk7jakkhmhhwsbn09h8a4eual0</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>2809947</id>
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        <username>Dc.samizdat</username>
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      <text bytes="47346" sha1="tfta47st66luq8zlwyjxpu58u587dpk" xml:space="preserve">{{align|center|David Brooks Christie}}
{{align|center|dc@samizdat.org}}
{{align|center|Draft in progress}}
{{align|center|January 2026 - April 2026}}

&lt;blockquote&gt;Steinbach discovered the formula for the ratios of diagonal to side in the regular polygons. Fontaine and Hurley extended this result, discovering a formula for the reciprocal of a regular polygon chord derived geometrically from the chord's star polygon. We observe that these findings in plane geometry apply more generally, to polytopes of any dimensionality. Fontaine and Hurley's geometric procedure for finding the reciprocals of the chords of a regular polygon from their star polygons also finds the rotational geodesics of any polytope of any dimensionality.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
== Introduction ==
Steinbach discovered the Diagonal Product Formula and the Golden Fields family of ratios of diagonal to side in the regular polygons. He showed how this family extends beyond the pentagon {5} with its well-known golden bisection proportional to 𝜙, finding that the heptagon {7} has an analogous trisection, the nonagon {9} has an analogous quadrasection, and the hendecagon {11} has an analogous pentasection, an extended family of golden proportions with quasiperiodic properties. 

Kappraff and Adamson extended these findings in plane geometry to a theory of Generalized Fibonacci Sequences, showing that the Golden Fields not only do not end with the hendecagon, they form an infinite number of periodic trajectories when operated on by the Mandelbrot operator. They found a relation between the edges of star polygons and dynamical systems in the state of chaos, revealing a connection between chaos theory, number, and rotations in Coxeter Euclidean geometry. 

Fontaine and Hurley examined Steinbach's finding that the length of each chord of a regular polygon is both the product of two chords and the sum of a set of smaller chords, so that in rotations to add is to multiply. They illustrated Steinbach's sets of additive chords lying parallel to each other in the plane (pointing in the same direction), and by applying Steinbach's formula more generally they found another summation relation of signed parallel chords (pointing in opposite directions) which relates each chord length to its reciprocal, and relates the summation to a distinct star polygon rotation. 

We examine these remarkable findings (which stem from study of the chords of humble regular polygons) in higher-dimensional spaces, specifically in the chords, polygons and rotations of the [[120-cell]], the largest four-dimensional regular convex polytope.

== Visualizing the 120-cell ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable floatright&quot; width=&quot;400&quot;
|style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot;|[[File:120-cell.gif|200px]]&lt;br&gt;Orthographic projection of the 600-point 120-cell &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\{5,3,3\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; performing a [[W:SO(4)#Geometry of 4D rotations|simple rotation]].{{Sfn|Hise|2011|loc=File:120-cell.gif|ps=; &quot;Created by Jason Hise with Maya and Macromedia Fireworks. A 3D projection of a 120-cell performing a [[W:SO(4)#Geometry of 4D rotations|simple rotation]].&quot;}} In this simplified rendering only the 120-cell's own edges are shown; its 29 interior chords are not rendered. Therefore even though it is translucent, only its outer surface is visible. The complex interior parts of the 120-cell, all its inscribed 5-cells, 16-cells, 8-cells, 24-cells, 600-cells and its much larger inventory of polyhedra, are completely invisible in this view, as none of their edges are rendered at all.
|style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot;|[[File:Ortho solid 016-uniform polychoron p33-t0.png|200px]]&lt;br&gt;Orthographic projection of the 600-point [[W:Great grand stellated 120-cell|great grand stellated 120-cell]] &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\{\tfrac{5}{2},3,3\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;.{{Sfn|Ruen: Great grand stellated 120-cell|2007}} The 120-cell is its convex hull. The projection to the left renders only the 120-cell's shortest chord, its 1200 edges. The projection above also renders only one of the 120-cell's 30 chords, the edges of its 120 inscribed regular 5-cells. The 120-cell itself (the convex hull) is invisible in this view, as its edges are not rendered.
|}

[[120-cell#Geometry|The 120-cell is the maximally complex regular 4-polytope]], containing inscribed instances of every regular 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-polytope, except the regular polygons of more than {15} sides. 

The 120-cell is the convex hull of a regular [[120-cell#Relationships among interior polytopes|compound of each of the 6 regular convex 4-polytopes]]. They are the [[5-cell|5-point (5-cell) 4-simplex]], the [[16-cell|8-point (16-cell) 4-orthoplex]], the [[W:Tesseract|16-point (8-cell) tesseract]], the [[24-cell|24-point (24-cell)]], the [[600-cell|120-point (600-cell)]], and the [[120-cell|600-point (120-cell)]]. The 120-cell is the convex hull of a compound of 120 disjoint regular 5-cells, of 75 disjoint 16-cells, of 25 disjoint 24-cells, and of 5 disjoint 600-cells.

The 120-cell contains an even larger inventory of irregular polytopes, created by the intersection of multiple instances of these component regular 4-polytopes. Many are quite unexpected, because they do not occur as components of any regular polytope smaller than the 120-cell. As just one example among the [[120-cell#Concentric hulls|sections of the 120-cell]], there is an irregular 24-point polyhedron with 16 triangle faces and 4 nonagon {9} faces.{{Sfn|Moxness|}}

Most renderings of the 120-cell, like the rotating projection here, only illustrate its outer surface, which is a honeycomb of face-bonded dodecahedral cells. Only the objects in its 3-dimensional surface are rendered, namely the 120 dodecahedra, their pentagon faces, and their edges. Although the 120-cell has chords of 30 distinct lengths, in this kind of simplified rendering only the 120-cell's own edges (its shortest chord) are shown. Its 29 interior chords, the edges of objects in the interior of the 120-cell, are not rendered, so interior objects are not visible at all.

Visualizing the complete interior of the 600-vertex 120-cell in a single image is impractical because of its complexity. Only four 120-cell edges are incident at each vertex, but [[120-cell#Chords|600 chords (of all 30 lengths)]] are incident at ''each'' vertex.

== Compounds in the 120-cell ==
The 8-point (16-cell), not the 5-point (5-cell), is the smallest building block; it compounds to every larger regular 4-polytope. The 5-point (5-cell) does compound to the 600-point (120-cell), but it does not fit into any smaller regular 4-polytope. 

The 8-point (16-cell) compounds by 2 in the 16-point (8-cell), and by 3 in the 24-point (24-cell). The 16-point (8-cell) compounds in the 24-point (24-cell) by 3 non-disjoint instances of itself, with each of the 24 vertices shared by two 16-point (8-cells). The 24-point (24-cell) compounds by 5 disjoint instances of itself in the 120-point (600-cell), and the 120-point (600-cell) compounds by 5 disjoint instances of itself in the 600-point (120-cell).

The 24-point (24-cell) also compounds by &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; non-disjoint instances of itself in the 120-point (600-cell); it compounds in 5 disjoint instances of itself, 10 (not 5) different ways. Whichever set of 5 disjoint 24-point (24-cells) are assembled, the resulting 120-point (600-cell) contains 25 distinct 24-point (24-cells), not just 5 (or 10). This implies that 15 disjoint 8-point (16-cells) will construct a 120-point (600-cell), which will contain 75 distinct 8-point (16-cells). 

The 600-point (120-cell) is 5 disjoint 120-point (600-cells), just 2 different ways (not 5 or 10 ways), so it is 10 distinct 120-point (600-cells). This implies that the 8-point (16-cell) compounds by 3 times &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; (75) disjoint instances of itself in the 600-point (120-cell), which contains &lt;math&gt;3^2&lt;/math&gt; times  &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; (225) distinct instances of the 24-point (24-cell), and  &lt;math&gt;3^3&lt;/math&gt; times &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; (675) distinct instances of the 8-point (16-cell). 

These facts were discovered painstakingly by various researchers, and no one has found a general rule governing subsumption relations among regular polytopes. The reasons for some of their numeric incidence relations are far from obvious. [[W:Pieter Hendrik Schoute|Schoute]] was the first to see that the 120-point (600-cell) is a compound of 5 24-point (24-cells) ''10 different ways'', and after he saw it a hundred years lapsed until Denney, Hooker, Johnson, Robinson, Butler &amp; Claiborne proved his result, and showed why.{{Sfn|Denney, Hooker, Johnson, Robinson, Butler &amp; Claiborne|2020|loc=''The geometry of H4 polytopes''}}

So much for the compounds of 16-cells. The 120-cell is also the convex hull of the compound of 120 disjoint regular 5-cells. That stellated compound (without its convex hull of 120-cell edges) is the [[w:Great_grand_stellated_120-cell|great grand stellated 120-cell]] illustrated above, the final regular [[W:Stellation|stellation]] of the 120-cell, and the only [[W:Schläfli-Hess polychoron|regular star 4-polytope]] to have the 120-cell for its convex hull. The edges of the great grand stellated 120-cell are &lt;math&gt;\phi^6&lt;/math&gt; as long as those of its 120-cell [[W:List of polyhedral stellations#Stellation process|stellation core]] deep inside.

The compound of 120 disjoint 5-point (5-cells) can be seen to be equivalent to the compound of 5 disjoint 120-point (600-cells), as follows. Beginning with a single 120-point (600-cell), expand each vertex into a regular 5-cell, by adding 4 new equidistant vertices, such that the 5 vertices form a regular 5-cell inscribed in the 3-sphere. The 120 5-cells are disjoint, and the 600 vertices form 5 disjoint 120-point (600-cells): a 120-cell.

== Thirty distinguished distances ==
The 30 numbers listed in the table are all-important in Euclidean geometry. A case can be made on symmetry grounds that their squares are the 30 most important numbers between 0 and 4. The 30 rows of the table are the 30 distinct [[120-cell#Geodesic rectangles|chord lengths of the unit-radius 120-cell]], the largest regular convex 4-polytope. Since the 120-cell subsumes all smaller regular polytopes, its 30 chords are the complete chord set of all the regular polytopes that can be constructed in the first four dimensions of Euclidean space, except for regular polygons of more than 15 sides.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center&quot;
!rowspan=2|&lt;math&gt;c_t&lt;/math&gt;
!rowspan=2|arc
!rowspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{n}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
!rowspan=2|&lt;math&gt;\left\{p\right\}&lt;/math&gt;
!rowspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;m\left\{\frac{k}{d}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
!rowspan=2|Steinbach roots
!colspan=7|Chord lengths of the unit 120-cell
|-
!colspan=5|unit-radius length &lt;math&gt;c_t&lt;/math&gt;
!colspan=2|unit-edge length &lt;math&gt;c_t/c_1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;br&gt;in 120-cell of radius &lt;math&gt;c_8=\sqrt{2}\phi^2&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{1,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;15.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{30\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{30\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{4,1}-c_{2,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7-3 \sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.270091&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2} \phi ^2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2 \phi ^4}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.072949}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{2,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;25.2{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{2}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \left\{15\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(c_{18,1}-c_{4,1}\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{3-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.437016&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2} \phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2 \phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.190983}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.61803&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{3,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;36{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{10\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3 \left\{\frac{10}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(\sqrt{5}-1\right) c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(\sqrt{5}-1\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.618034&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.381966}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.28825&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{4,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;41.4{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{c_{8,1}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.707107&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.61803&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{5,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;44.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{4}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \left\{\frac{15}{2}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} c_{2,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{9-3 \sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.756934&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}}{\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2 \phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.572949}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} \phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.80252&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{6,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;49.1{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{17}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{5-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{5-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.831254&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi }}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.690983}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi ^3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.07768&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{7,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;56.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{20}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{\phi }} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.93913&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{\frac{\psi }{\phi }}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\psi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.881966}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\psi  \phi ^3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.47709&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;60{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{5}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{6\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{6\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.70246&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{9,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;66.1{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{40}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{2 \phi }} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.09132&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{\frac{\chi }{\phi }}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\chi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.19098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\chi  \phi ^3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.04057&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{10,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;69.8{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{11}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi  c_{4,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2 \sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.14412&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\phi }{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\phi ^2}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.30902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^3&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.23607&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{11,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;72{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{6}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{5\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{5\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi }} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.17557&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3-\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3-\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.38197}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \sqrt{3-\phi } \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.3525&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{12,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;75.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{24}{5}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.22474&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.53457&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{13,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;81.1{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{13}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{9-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{9-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.30038&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{9-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(9-\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.69098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(9-\sqrt{5}\right)} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.8146&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{14,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;84.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{40}{9}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi } c_{8,1}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{1+\sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.345&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi }}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{5} \phi }{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.80902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi ^5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.9798&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{15,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;90.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{4\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{4\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 c_{4,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.41421&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.23607&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{16,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;95.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{29}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{11-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.4802&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(11-\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.19098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(11-\sqrt{5}\right)} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.48037&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{17,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;98.9{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{31}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7+\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{7+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.51954&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{7+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(7+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.30902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\psi  \phi ^5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.62605&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{18,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;104.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{8}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{15}{4}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.58114&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{5} \sqrt{\phi ^4}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.8541&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{19,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;108.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{9}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{10}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{3,1}+c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(1+\sqrt{5}\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.61803&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1+\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.61803}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \phi ^3&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.9907&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{20,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;110.2{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{13-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.64042&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(13-\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.69098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\phi ^2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.07359&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{21,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;113.9{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{19}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.67601&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.80902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\frac{\chi }{\phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.20537&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{22,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;120{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{10}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{3\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{3\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.73205&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{6} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.41285&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{23,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;124.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{41}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi }+\frac{5}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.7658&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4-\frac{\psi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4-\frac{\psi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.11803}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\chi  \phi ^5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.53779&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{24,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;130.9{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{20}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{11+\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.81907&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(11+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.30902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\frac{\sqrt{5}}{\phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.73503&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{25,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;135.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{11}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{11}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7+3 \sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7+3 \sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.85123&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\phi ^2}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\phi ^4}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.42705}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^4&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.8541&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{26,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;138.6{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{12}{5}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.87083&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{7} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.92667&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{27,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;144{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{12}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{5}{2}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(5+\sqrt{5}\right)} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(5+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.90211&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\phi +2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2+\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.61803}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{2 \phi +4}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.0425&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{28,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;154.8{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{13}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{13}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{13+\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.95167&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(13+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.80902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\frac{1}{\phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.22598&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{29,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;164.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{14}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{15}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi  c_{12,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{\frac{3}{2}} \left(1+\sqrt{5}\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.98168&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}} \phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3 \phi ^2}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.92705}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} \phi ^3&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.33708&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{30,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;180{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{15}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{2\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{2\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \sqrt{2} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.40492&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|rowspan=4 colspan=6|
|rowspan=4 colspan=4|
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; is the golden ratio:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2-\phi -1=0&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\phi }+1=\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;, and: &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi+1=\phi^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\phi }::1::\phi ::\phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1/\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; and &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; are the golden sections of &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi +\frac{1}{\phi }=\sqrt{5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi = (\sqrt{5} + 1)/2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.618034&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\chi = (3\sqrt{5} + 1)/2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.854102&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\psi = (3\sqrt{5} - 1)/2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.854102&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\psi = 11/\chi = 22/(3\sqrt{5} + 1)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.854102&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|}

...

== The 8-point regular polytopes ==
In 2-space we have the regular 8-point octagon, in 3-space the regular 8-point cube, and in 4-space the regular 8-point [[16-cell]].

A planar octagon with rigid edges of unit length has chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=1,r_2=\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}} \approx 1.84776,r_3=1+\sqrt{2} \approx 2.41421,r_4=\sqrt{4 + \sqrt{8}} \approx 2.61313&lt;/math&gt;

The chord ratio &lt;math&gt;r_3=1+\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt; is a geometrical proportion, the [[W:Silver ratio|silver ratio]]. Fontaine and Hurley's procedure for obtaining the reciprocal of a chord tells us that:

:&lt;math&gt;r_3-r_1-r_1=1/r_3 \approx 0.41421&lt;/math&gt;

Note that &lt;math&gt;1/r_3=\sqrt{2}-1=r_3-2&lt;/math&gt;.

If we embed this planar octagon in 3-space, we can make it skew, repositioning its vertices so that each is one unit-edge length distant from three others instead of two others, at the vertices of a unit-edge cube with chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=1, r_2=\sqrt{2}, r_3=\sqrt{3}, r_4=\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;

If we embed this cube in 4-space, we can skew it some more, repositioning its vertices so that each is one unit-edge length distant from six others instead of three others, at the vertices of a unit-edge 4-polytope with chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=1,r_2=1,r_3=1,r_4=\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;

All of its chords except its long diameters are the same unit length as its edge. In fact they are its 24 edges, and it is a 16-cell of radius &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1/\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;.

[[File:octagon16cell.png|thumb|Orthogonal projection of a regular 16-cell to the [[16-cell#Projections|B&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; Coxeter plane]]. Only its edges are shown; its long diameter chords are not drawn. All 24 edges are the same length. Only the edges of the two disjoint squares lie parallel to the projection plane, in completely orthogonal central planes.]]

The [[16-cell]] is the [[W:Regular convex 4-polytope|regular convex 4-polytope]] with [[W:Schläfli symbol|Schläfli symbol]] {3,3,4}. It has 8 vertices, 24 edges, 32 equilateral triangle faces, and 16 regular tetrahedron cells. It is the [[16-cell#Octahedral dipyramid|four-dimensional analogue of the octahedron]], and each of its four orthogonal central hyperplanes is an octahedron.

The only planar regular polygons found in the 16-cell are face triangles and central plane squares, but the 16-cell also contains a skew regular octagon, its [[W:Petrie polygon|Petrie polygon]]. The chords of this regular octagon, which lies skew in 4-space, are those given above for the 16-cell, as opposed to those for the cube or the regular octagon in the plane. The 16-cell is a construct of 3 Petrie octagons which share the same 8 vertices but have disjoint sets of 8 edges each.

The regular octad has higher symmetry in 4-space than it does in 2-space. The 16-cell is the 4-orthoplex, the simplest regular 4-polytope after the [[5-cell|4-simplex]]. All the larger regular convex 4-polytopes are compounds of the 16-cell. The regular octagon exhibits this high symmetry only when embedded in 4-space at the vertices of the 16-cell.

The 16-cell constitutes an [[W:Orthonormal basis|orthonormal basis]] for the choice of a 4-dimensional Cartesian reference frame, because its vertices define four orthogonal axes. The eight vertices of a unit-radius 16-cell are (±1, 0, 0, 0), (0, ±1, 0, 0), (0, 0, ±1, 0), (0, 0, 0, ±1). All vertices are connected by &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; edges except opposite pairs. 

The vertex coordinates of the 16-cell form 6 central squares lying in 6 pairwise [[W:Orthogonal|orthogonal]] coordinate planes. Great squares in ''opposite'' planes that do not share an axis (e.g. in the ''xy'' and ''wz'' planes) are completely disjoint (they do not intersect at any vertices). These planes are [[W:Completely orthogonal|completely orthogonal]].{{Efn|name=Six orthogonal planes of the Cartesian basis}}

Since this unit-radius coordinate system is convenient, let us derive the unit-radius 16-cell by skewing a unit-radius planar octagon, which has chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=\sqrt{2-\sqrt{2}} \approx 0.76537,r_2=\sqrt{2},r_3=\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}} \approx 1.84776,r_4=2&lt;/math&gt;

We will need a planar octagon with rigid &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; chords, rather than one with rigid &lt;math&gt;r_1&lt;/math&gt; edges. The octagon's &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; chords form two disjoint great squares, visible in the orthogonal projection, which we can reposition in 3-space to form a cube by making them parallel, and in 4-space to form a 16-cell by making them completely orthogonal.

In the 16-cell the two completely orthogonal great squares formed by the &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; chords are both parallel and perpendicular to each other. A ''simple'' rotation of the 16-cell in ''one'' of those two central planes rotates that square like a wheel, while the other square does not move. The four vertices of the rotating square orbit on a great circle in the plane.

The &lt;math&gt;r_1&lt;/math&gt; chords of the 16-cell form a Petrie polygon which zig-zags back and forth between the two completely orthogonal &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; squares.

The &lt;math&gt;r_3&lt;/math&gt; chords of the 16-cell form a circular helix, visible as a skew {8/3} octagram in the orthogonal projection. A ''double'' rotation of the 16-cell, in ''both'' of the two completely orthogonal &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; square planes at once by the same angle, moves the eight vertices along the circular helix over the &lt;math&gt;r_3&lt;/math&gt; chords. The circular helix is a [[w:Geodesic|geodesic]] great circle on the 3-sphere of a special kind: it does not lie in a central plane, its circumference is &lt;math&gt;4 \pi&lt;/math&gt;, and it occurs in either a left or right chiral form. We shall refer to the circular helix geodesic as an ''isocline'', and to the skew {8/3} octagram of its chords as a ''Clifford polygon''.

[[W:Rotations in 4-dimensional Euclidean space|Rotations in 4-dimensional Euclidean space]] can be seen as the composition of two 2-dimensional rotations in completely orthogonal planes. The general rotation in 4-space is a double rotation in pairs of completely orthogonal planes. Two completely orthogonal planes are called invariant planes of the rotation when all points in the plane rotate on circles that remain in the plane, even as the whole plane tilts sideways (like a coin flipping) into another plane. The two completely orthogonal rotations of each plane (like a wheel, and like a coin flipping) are simultaneous but independent, in that they are not geometrically constrained to turn at the same rate. However, the most circular kind of rotation (as opposed to an elliptical double rotation of a rigid spherical object) occurs when the invariant planes do rotate through the same angle in the same time interval. Such equi-angled double rotations are called [[w:SO(4)#Isoclinic_rotations|isoclinic]], also [[w:William_Kingdon_Clifford|Clifford]] displacements.

The 16-cell is the simplest possible frame in which to [[16-cell#Rotations|observe 4-dimensional rotations]] because its characteristic rotations feature a single pair of invariant rotation planes. In the 16-cell an isoclinic rotation by 90° in any pair of invariant completely orthogonal square central planes takes every square central plane to its completely orthogonal square central plane in a twisting displacement, as they tilt sideways 90° into each other's plane while rotating 90° internally. All the vertices move at once on the same circular helix geodesic isocline, displaced 90° in 8 orthogonal directions, and the rigid 16-cell assumes a new orientation in 4-space. When the 90° isoclinic rotation is continued in the same rotational direction through an additional 90°, each vertex is again displaced 90°, but from the new orientation in a direction orthogonal to its first 90° displacement. After 360° of rotation each vertex reaches its antipodal position.

The trajectory of each vertex over each 90° isoclinic rotational displacement is a one-eighth segment of its geodesic orbit. Its entire orbit traces a circular helix isocline in 4-space over eight &lt;math&gt;r_3&lt;/math&gt; chords, and also traces an ordinary great circle twice over the four &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; chords within one of the two moving invariant rotation planes. In the course of a 720° isoclinic rotation each vertex departs from all 8 vertex positions just once and returns to its original position, and the 16-cell returns to its original orientation.

== Hypercubes ==
The long diameter of the unit-edge [[W:Hypercube|hypercube]] of dimension &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; is &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{n}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;, so the unit-edge [[w:Tesseract|4-hypercube, the 16-point (8-cell) tesseract,]] has chords:
:&lt;math&gt;r_1=\sqrt{1},r_2=\sqrt{2},r_3=\sqrt{3},r_4=\sqrt{4}&lt;/math&gt;
Uniquely in its 4-dimensional case, the hypercube's edge length equals its radius, like the hexagon. We call such polytopes ''radially equilateral'', because they can be constructed from equilateral triangles which meet at their center, each contributing two radii and an edge. The cuboctahedron and the 24-cell are also radially equilateral.

The [[W:Tesseract|tesseract]] is the [[W:Regular convex 4-polytope|regular convex 4-polytope]] with [[W:Schläfli symbol|Schläfli symbol]] {4,3,3}. It has 16 vertices, 32 edges, 24 square faces, and 8 cube cells. It is the four-dimensional analogue of the cube.

The 16-point tesseract is the convex hull of a compound of two 8-point 16-cells, in exact dimensional analogy to the way the 8-point cube is the convex hull of a [[W:Stellated octahedron|compound of two regular 4-point tetrahedra]]. The [[W:Demihypercube|demihypercubes]] occupy alternate vertices of the hypercubes. The diagonals of the square faces of the unit-edge, unit-radius tesseract are the &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; edges of two unit-radius 16-cells, also the edges of the square central planes.

We can rotate the tesseract isoclinically the way we rotated the 16-cell, by 90° in two completely orthogonal invariant square central planes, with the same effect on both alternate-position 16-cells. In the course of a 720° isoclinic rotation in invariant square central planes each vertex departs from all 8 vertex positions of its 16-cell just once and returns to its original position, but it does not visit the vertex positions of the other 16-cell. The skew octagon geodesic orbits of the 16 vertices lie on two disjoint octagram circular helix isoclines of the same chirality, which are [[w:Clifford_parallel|Clifford parallel]] objects that form a circular double helix.

The tesseract is the [[W:Dual polytope|dual polytope]] of the 16-cell. They have the same Petrie polygon, the regular skew octagon, but the tesseract is a construct of 4 Petrie octagons which share the 16 vertices pairwise but have disjoint sets of 8 tesseract edges each.

We can construct the tesseract by skewing two planar octagons. Because the tesseract is radially equilateral (unlike the 16-cell), we use two octagons of unit-edge length to build the unit-radius tesseract. To start we embed the planar octagons in 4-space at the same point and make them completely orthogonal. We then skew each planar octagon into a cube, so we have a compound of two completely orthogonal cubes. Provided we skewed them both the same way, the 16 vertices will be the vertices of a tesseract with half its 32 edges missing.

Because the tesseract contains two 16-cells in alternate positions it has two sets of 6 orthogonal square central planes. Two angles are required to specify the relationship between two planes in 4-space. Pairs of planes within each 16-cell are 90° apart in one angle, and either 0° or 90° apart in the other angle. They are 90° apart in both angles if and only if they are completely orthogonal planes, 90° apart by isoclinic rotation, with no vertices in common and their corresponding vertices 180° apart. Otherwise they are 0° apart in one of the angles, 90° apart by simple rotation with their corresponding vertices 90° apart, and they intersect in one axis and lie in a common 3-dimensional hyperplane.{{Efn|A double rotation in which one of the two angles of rotation is 0°, so that one of the completely orthogonal invariant planes does not rotate, is called a simple rotation. Ordinary rotations observed in a 3-dimensional space are simple rotations.}}

A pair of square central planes from alternate-position 16-cells are 60° apart by isoclinic rotation, with their corresponding vertices 120° apart. The planes are not orthogonal or parallel, so they intersect in a line somewhere, but they have no vertices in common, they have no 3-dimensional hyperplane in common, and they cannot reach each other by simple rotation. Such pairs of objects are called [[W:Clifford parallel|Clifford parallel]] because all their corresponding pairs of vertices are the same distance apart, although they are not parallel in the usual sense, because they have a common center. Not only the alternate 16-cells' corresponding square central planes, but also the 16-cells themselves, are Clifford parallel objects. More generally, multiple disjoint instances of a 4-polytope which compound to make a larger 4-polytope are Clifford parallel objects.

== The 24-cell ==
In 2-space we have the radially equilateral 6-point hexagon. In 3-space we have the radially equilateral 12-point cuboctahedron, with 4 hexagonal central planes. In 4-space we have the radially equilateral 24-point 24-cell, with 4 cuboctahedral central hyperplanes and 16 hexagonal central planes.

Great hexagons are a rounder choice than great squares for the invariant rotation planes in which to rotate a 4-polytope isoclinically. The complete hexagonal isoclinic revolution requires 720° like the square isoclinic revolution, but it is completed in 6 chordal steps of 120° each rather than 8 chordal steps of 90° each.

...

== The 600-cell ==

...

== Finally the 120-cell ==

...

== Conclusions ==

Fontaine and Hurley's discovery is more than a formula for the reciprocal of a regular ''n''-polygon diagonal. It also yields the discrete sequence of isocline chords of the distinct isoclinic rotation characteristic of a ''d''-dimensional regular polytope. The characteristic rotational chord sequence of the ''d''-polytope can be represented geometrically in two dimensions on a distinct star polygon, but it lies on a geodesic circle through ''d''-dimensional space. Fontaine and Hurley discovered the geodesic topology of polytopes generally. Their procedure will reveal the geodesics of arbitrary non-uniform polytopes, since it can be applied to a polytope of any dimensionality and irregularity, by first fitting the polytope to the smallest regular polygon whose chords include its chords.

Fontaine and Hurley's discovery of a chordal formula for isoclinic rotations closes the circuit on Kappraff and Adamson's discovery of a rotational connection between dynamical systems, Steinbach's golden fields, and Coxeter's Euclidean geometry of ''n'' dimensions. Application of the Fontaine and Hurley procedure in higher-dimensional spaces demonstrates why the connection exists: because polytope sequences generally, from Steinbach's golden polygon chord sequences, to chord sequences in isoclinic rotation helixes, to subsumption relations in the sequence of regular 4-polytopes, arise as expressions of the reflections and rotations of distinct Coxeter symmetry groups, when those various groups interact.

== Appendix: Sequence of regular 4-polytopes ==
{{Regular convex 4-polytopes|wiki=W:|columns=7}}

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== Citations ==
{{Reflist}}

== References ==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Cite journal | last=Steinbach | first=Peter | year=1997 | title=Golden fields: A case for the Heptagon | journal=Mathematics Magazine | volume=70 | issue=Feb 1997 | pages=22–31 | doi=10.1080/0025570X.1997.11996494 | jstor=2691048 | ref={{SfnRef|Steinbach|1997}} }}
* {{Cite journal | last=Steinbach | first=Peter | year=2000 | title=Sections Beyond Golden| journal=Bridges: Mathematical Connections in Art, Music and Science | issue=2000 | pages=35-44 | url=https://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2000/bridges2000-35.pdf | ref={{SfnRef|Steinbach|2000}}}}
* {{Cite journal | last1=Kappraff | first1=Jay | last2=Jablan | first2=Slavik | last3=Adamson | first3=Gary | last4=Sazdanovich | first4=Radmila | year=2004 | title=Golden Fields, Generalized Fibonacci Sequences, and Chaotic Matrices | journal=Forma | volume=19 | pages=367-387 | url=https://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2005/bridges2005-369.pdf | ref={{SfnRef|Kappraff, Jablan, Adamson &amp; Sazdanovich|2004}} }}
* {{Cite journal | last1=Kappraff | first1=Jay | last2=Adamson | first2=Gary | year=2004 | title=Polygons and Chaos | journal=Dynamical Systems and Geometric Theories | url=https://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2001/bridges2001-67.pdf | ref={{SfnRef|Kappraff &amp; Adamson|2004}} }}
* {{Cite journal | last1=Fontaine | first1=Anne | last2=Hurley | first2=Susan | year=2006 | title=Proof by Picture: Products and Reciprocals of Diagonal Length Ratios in the Regular Polygon | journal=Forum Geometricorum | volume=6 | pages=97-101 | url=https://scispace.com/pdf/proof-by-picture-products-and-reciprocals-of-diagonal-length-1aian8mgp9.pdf }}
{{Refend}}</text>
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      <text bytes="47301" sha1="kgfpibqgtsxbszpokkeslpjtpl0tyxg" xml:space="preserve">{{align|center|David Brooks Christie}}
{{align|center|dc@samizdat.org}}
{{align|center|Draft in progress}}
{{align|center|January 2026 - April 2026}}

&lt;blockquote&gt;Steinbach discovered the formula for the ratios of diagonal to side in the regular polygons. Fontaine and Hurley extended this result, discovering a formula for the reciprocal of a regular polygon chord derived geometrically from the chord's star polygon. We observe that these findings in plane geometry apply more generally, to polytopes of any dimensionality. Fontaine and Hurley's geometric procedure for finding the reciprocals of the chords of a regular polygon from their star polygons also finds the rotational geodesics of any polytope of any dimensionality.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
== Introduction ==
Steinbach discovered the Diagonal Product Formula and the Golden Fields family of ratios of diagonal to side in the regular polygons. He showed how this family extends beyond the pentagon {5} with its well-known golden bisection proportional to 𝜙, finding that the heptagon {7} has an analogous trisection, the nonagon {9} has an analogous quadrasection, and the hendecagon {11} has an analogous pentasection, an extended family of golden proportions with quasiperiodic properties. 

Kappraff and Adamson extended these findings in plane geometry to a theory of Generalized Fibonacci Sequences, showing that the Golden Fields not only do not end with the hendecagon, they form an infinite number of periodic trajectories when operated on by the Mandelbrot operator. They found a relation between the edges of star polygons and dynamical systems in the state of chaos, revealing a connection between chaos theory, number, and rotations in Coxeter Euclidean geometry. 

Fontaine and Hurley examined Steinbach's finding that the length of each chord of a regular polygon is both the product of two chords and the sum of a set of smaller chords, so that in rotations to add is to multiply. They illustrated Steinbach's sets of additive chords lying parallel to each other in the plane (pointing in the same direction), and by applying Steinbach's formula more generally they found another summation relation of signed parallel chords (pointing in opposite directions) which relates each chord length to its reciprocal, and relates the summation to a distinct star polygon rotation. 

We examine these remarkable findings (which stem from study of the chords of humble regular polygons) in higher-dimensional spaces, specifically in the chords, polygons and rotations of the [[120-cell]], the largest four-dimensional regular convex polytope.

== Visualizing the 120-cell ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable floatright&quot; width=&quot;400&quot;
|style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot;|[[File:120-cell.gif|200px]]&lt;br&gt;Orthographic projection of the 600-point 120-cell &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\{5,3,3\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; performing a [[W:SO(4)#Geometry of 4D rotations|simple rotation]].{{Sfn|Hise|2011|loc=File:120-cell.gif|ps=; &quot;Created by Jason Hise with Maya and Macromedia Fireworks. A 3D projection of a 120-cell performing a [[W:SO(4)#Geometry of 4D rotations|simple rotation]].&quot;}} In this simplified rendering only the 120-cell's own edges are shown; its 29 interior chords are not rendered. Therefore even though it is translucent, only its outer surface is visible. The complex interior parts of the 120-cell, all its inscribed 5-cells, 16-cells, 8-cells, 24-cells, 600-cells and its much larger inventory of polyhedra, are completely invisible in this view, as none of their edges are rendered at all.
|style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot;|[[File:Ortho solid 016-uniform polychoron p33-t0.png|200px]]&lt;br&gt;Orthographic projection of the 600-point [[W:Great grand stellated 120-cell|great grand stellated 120-cell]] &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\{\tfrac{5}{2},3,3\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;.{{Sfn|Ruen: Great grand stellated 120-cell|2007}} The 120-cell is its convex hull. The projection to the left renders only the 120-cell's shortest chord, its 1200 edges. The projection above also renders only one of the 120-cell's 30 chords, the edges of its 120 inscribed regular 5-cells. The 120-cell itself (the convex hull) is invisible in this view, as its edges are not rendered.
|}

[[120-cell#Geometry|The 120-cell is the maximally complex regular 4-polytope]], containing inscribed instances of every regular 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-polytope, except the regular polygons of more than {15} sides. 

The 120-cell is the convex hull of a regular [[120-cell#Relationships among interior polytopes|compound of each of the 6 regular convex 4-polytopes]]. They are the [[5-cell|5-point (5-cell) 4-simplex]], the [[16-cell|8-point (16-cell) 4-orthoplex]], the [[W:Tesseract|16-point (8-cell) tesseract]], the [[24-cell|24-point (24-cell)]], the [[600-cell|120-point (600-cell)]], and the [[120-cell|600-point (120-cell)]]. The 120-cell is the convex hull of a compound of 120 disjoint regular 5-cells, of 75 disjoint 16-cells, of 25 disjoint 24-cells, and of 5 disjoint 600-cells.

The 120-cell contains an even larger inventory of irregular polytopes, created by the intersection of multiple instances of these component regular 4-polytopes. Many are quite unexpected, because they do not occur as components of any regular polytope smaller than the 120-cell. As just one example among the [[120-cell#Concentric hulls|sections of the 120-cell]], there is an irregular 24-point polyhedron with 16 triangle faces and 4 nonagon {9} faces.{{Sfn|Moxness|}}

Most renderings of the 120-cell, like the rotating projection here, only illustrate its outer surface, which is a honeycomb of face-bonded dodecahedral cells. Only the objects in its 3-dimensional surface are rendered, namely the 120 dodecahedra, their pentagon faces, and their edges. Although the 120-cell has chords of 30 distinct lengths, in this kind of simplified rendering only the 120-cell's own edges (its shortest chord) are shown. Its 29 interior chords, the edges of objects in the interior of the 120-cell, are not rendered, so interior objects are not visible at all.

Visualizing the complete interior of the 600-vertex 120-cell in a single image is impractical because of its complexity. Only four 120-cell edges are incident at each vertex, but [[120-cell#Chords|600 chords (of all 30 lengths)]] are incident at ''each'' vertex.

== Compounds in the 120-cell ==
The 8-point (16-cell), not the 5-point (5-cell), is the smallest building block; it compounds to every larger regular 4-polytope. The 5-point (5-cell) does compound to the 600-point (120-cell), but it does not fit into any smaller regular 4-polytope. 

The 8-point (16-cell) compounds by 2 in the 16-point (8-cell), and by 3 in the 24-point (24-cell). The 16-point (8-cell) compounds in the 24-point (24-cell) by 3 non-disjoint instances of itself, with each of the 24 vertices shared by two 16-point (8-cells). The 24-point (24-cell) compounds by 5 disjoint instances of itself in the 120-point (600-cell), and the 120-point (600-cell) compounds by 5 disjoint instances of itself in the 600-point (120-cell).

The 24-point (24-cell) also compounds by &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; non-disjoint instances of itself in the 120-point (600-cell); it compounds in 5 disjoint instances of itself, 10 (not 5) different ways. Whichever set of 5 disjoint 24-point (24-cells) are assembled, the resulting 120-point (600-cell) contains 25 distinct 24-point (24-cells), not just 5 (or 10). This implies that 15 disjoint 8-point (16-cells) will construct a 120-point (600-cell), which will contain 75 distinct 8-point (16-cells). 

The 600-point (120-cell) is 5 disjoint 120-point (600-cells), just 2 different ways (not 5 or 10 ways), so it is 10 distinct 120-point (600-cells). This implies that the 8-point (16-cell) compounds by 3 times &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; (75) disjoint instances of itself in the 600-point (120-cell), which contains &lt;math&gt;3^2&lt;/math&gt; times  &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; (225) distinct instances of the 24-point (24-cell), and  &lt;math&gt;3^3&lt;/math&gt; times &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; (675) distinct instances of the 8-point (16-cell). 

These facts were discovered painstakingly by various researchers, and no one has found a general rule governing subsumption relations among regular polytopes. The reasons for some of their numeric incidence relations are far from obvious. [[W:Pieter Hendrik Schoute|Schoute]] was the first to see that the 120-point (600-cell) is a compound of 5 24-point (24-cells) ''10 different ways'', and after he saw it a hundred years lapsed until Denney, Hooker, Johnson, Robinson, Butler &amp; Claiborne proved his result, and showed why.{{Sfn|Denney, Hooker, Johnson, Robinson, Butler &amp; Claiborne|2020|loc=''The geometry of H4 polytopes''}}

So much for the compounds of 16-cells. The 120-cell is also the convex hull of the compound of 120 disjoint regular 5-cells. That stellated compound (without its convex hull of 120-cell edges) is the [[w:Great_grand_stellated_120-cell|great grand stellated 120-cell]] illustrated above, the final regular [[W:Stellation|stellation]] of the 120-cell, and the only [[W:Schläfli-Hess polychoron|regular star 4-polytope]] to have the 120-cell for its convex hull. The edges of the great grand stellated 120-cell are &lt;math&gt;\phi^6&lt;/math&gt; as long as those of its 120-cell [[W:List of polyhedral stellations#Stellation process|stellation core]] deep inside.

The compound of 120 disjoint 5-point (5-cells) can be seen to be equivalent to the compound of 5 disjoint 120-point (600-cells), as follows. Beginning with a single 120-point (600-cell), expand each vertex into a regular 5-cell, by adding 4 new equidistant vertices, such that the 5 vertices form a regular 5-cell inscribed in the 3-sphere. The 120 5-cells are disjoint, and the 600 vertices form 5 disjoint 120-point (600-cells): a 120-cell.

== Thirty distinguished distances ==
The 30 numbers listed in the table are all-important in Euclidean geometry. A case can be made on symmetry grounds that their squares are the 30 most important numbers between 0 and 4. The 30 rows of the table are the 30 distinct [[120-cell#Geodesic rectangles|chord lengths of the unit-radius 120-cell]], the largest regular convex 4-polytope. Since the 120-cell subsumes all smaller regular polytopes, its 30 chords are the complete chord set of all the regular polytopes that can be constructed in the first four dimensions of Euclidean space, except for regular polygons of more than 15 sides.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center&quot;
!rowspan=2|&lt;math&gt;c_t&lt;/math&gt;
!rowspan=2|arc
!rowspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{n}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
!rowspan=2|&lt;math&gt;\left\{p\right\}&lt;/math&gt;
!rowspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;m\left\{\frac{k}{d}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
!rowspan=2|Steinbach roots
!colspan=7|Chord lengths of the unit 120-cell
|-
!colspan=5|unit-radius length &lt;math&gt;c_t&lt;/math&gt;
!colspan=2|unit-edge length &lt;math&gt;c_t/c_1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;br&gt;in 120-cell of radius &lt;math&gt;c_8=\sqrt{2}\phi^2&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{1,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;15.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{30\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{30\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{4,1}-c_{2,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7-3 \sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.270091&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2} \phi ^2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2 \phi ^4}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.072949}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{2,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;25.2{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{2}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \left\{15\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(c_{18,1}-c_{4,1}\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{3-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.437016&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2} \phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2 \phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.190983}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.61803&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{3,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;36{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{10\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3 \left\{\frac{10}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(\sqrt{5}-1\right) c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(\sqrt{5}-1\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.618034&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.381966}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.28825&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{4,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;41.4{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{c_{8,1}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.707107&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.61803&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{5,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;44.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{4}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \left\{\frac{15}{2}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} c_{2,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{9-3 \sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.756934&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}}{\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2 \phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.572949}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} \phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.80252&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{6,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;49.1{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{17}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{5-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{5-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.831254&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi }}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.690983}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi ^3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.07768&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{7,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;56.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{20}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{\phi }} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.93913&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{\frac{\psi }{\phi }}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\psi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.881966}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\psi  \phi ^3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.47709&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;60{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{5}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{6\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{6\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.70246&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{9,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;66.1{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{40}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{2 \phi }} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.09132&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{\frac{\chi }{\phi }}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\chi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.19098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\chi  \phi ^3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.04057&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{10,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;69.8{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{11}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi  c_{4,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2 \sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.14412&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\phi }{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\phi ^2}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.30902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^3&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.23607&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{11,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;72{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{6}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{5\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{5\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi }} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.17557&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3-\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3-\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.38197}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \sqrt{3-\phi } \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.3525&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{12,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;75.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{24}{5}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.22474&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.53457&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{13,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;81.1{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{13}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{9-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{9-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.30038&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{9-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(9-\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.69098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(9-\sqrt{5}\right)} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.8146&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{14,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;84.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{40}{9}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi } c_{8,1}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{1+\sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.345&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi }}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{5} \phi }{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.80902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi ^5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.9798&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{15,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;90.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{4\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{4\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 c_{4,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.41421&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.23607&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{16,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;95.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{29}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{11-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.4802&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(11-\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.19098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(11-\sqrt{5}\right)} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.48037&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{17,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;98.9{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{31}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7+\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{7+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.51954&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{7+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(7+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.30902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\psi  \phi ^5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.62605&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{18,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;104.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{8}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{15}{4}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.58114&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{5} \sqrt{\phi ^4}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.8541&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{19,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;108.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{9}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{10}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{3,1}+c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(1+\sqrt{5}\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.61803&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1+\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.61803}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \phi ^3&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.9907&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{20,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;110.2{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{13-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.64042&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(13-\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.69098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\phi ^2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.07359&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{21,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;113.9{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{19}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.67601&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.80902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\frac{\chi }{\phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.20537&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{22,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;120{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{10}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{3\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{3\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.73205&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{6} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.41285&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{23,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;124.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{41}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi }+\frac{5}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.7658&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4-\frac{\psi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4-\frac{\psi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.11803}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\chi  \phi ^5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.53779&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{24,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;130.9{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{20}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{11+\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.81907&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(11+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.30902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\frac{\sqrt{5}}{\phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.73503&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{25,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;135.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{11}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{11}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7+3 \sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7+3 \sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.85123&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\phi ^2}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\phi ^4}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.42705}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^4&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.8541&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{26,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;138.6{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{12}{5}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.87083&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{7} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.92667&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{27,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;144{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{12}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{5}{2}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(5+\sqrt{5}\right)} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(5+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.90211&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\phi +2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2+\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.61803}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{2 \phi +4}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.0425&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{28,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;154.8{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{13}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{13}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{13+\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.95167&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(13+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.80902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\frac{1}{\phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.22598&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{29,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;164.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{14}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{15}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi  c_{12,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{\frac{3}{2}} \left(1+\sqrt{5}\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.98168&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}} \phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3 \phi ^2}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.92705}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} \phi ^3&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.33708&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{30,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;180{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{15}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{2\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{2\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \sqrt{2} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.40492&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|rowspan=4 colspan=6|
|rowspan=4 colspan=4|
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; is the golden ratio:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2-\phi -1=0&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\phi }+1=\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;, and: &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi+1=\phi^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\phi }::1::\phi ::\phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1/\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; and &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; are the golden sections of &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi +\frac{1}{\phi }=\sqrt{5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi = (\sqrt{5} + 1)/2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.618034&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\chi = (3\sqrt{5} + 1)/2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.854102&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\psi = (3\sqrt{5} - 1)/2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.854102&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\psi = 11/\chi = 22/(3\sqrt{5} + 1)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.854102&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|}

...

== The 8-point regular polytopes ==
In 2-space we have the regular 8-point octagon, in 3-space the regular 8-point cube, and in 4-space the regular 8-point [[16-cell]].

A planar octagon with rigid edges of unit length has chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=1,r_2=\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}} \approx 1.84776,r_3=1+\sqrt{2} \approx 2.41421,r_4=\sqrt{4 + \sqrt{8}} \approx 2.61313&lt;/math&gt;

The chord ratio &lt;math&gt;r_3=1+\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt; is a geometrical proportion, the [[W:Silver ratio|silver ratio]]. Fontaine and Hurley's procedure for obtaining the reciprocal of a chord tells us that:

:&lt;math&gt;r_3-r_1-r_1=1/r_3 \approx 0.41421&lt;/math&gt;

Note that &lt;math&gt;1/r_3=\sqrt{2}-1=r_3-2&lt;/math&gt;.

If we embed this planar octagon in 3-space, we can make it skew, repositioning its vertices so that each is one unit-edge length distant from three others instead of two others, at the vertices of a unit-edge cube with chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=1, r_2=\sqrt{2}, r_3=\sqrt{3}, r_4=\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;

If we embed this cube in 4-space, we can skew it some more, repositioning its vertices so that each is one unit-edge length distant from six others instead of three others, at the vertices of a unit-edge 4-polytope with chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=1,r_2=1,r_3=1,r_4=\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;

All of its chords except its long diameters are the same unit length as its edge. In fact they are its 24 edges, and it is a 16-cell of radius &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1/\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;.

[[File:octagon16cell.png|thumb|Orthogonal projection of a regular 16-cell to the [[16-cell#Projections|B&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; Coxeter plane]]. Only its edges are shown; its long diameter chords are not drawn. All 24 edges are the same length. Only the edges of the two disjoint squares lie parallel to the projection plane, in completely orthogonal central planes.]]

The [[16-cell]] is the [[W:Regular convex 4-polytope|regular convex 4-polytope]] with [[W:Schläfli symbol|Schläfli symbol]] {3,3,4}. It has 8 vertices, 24 edges, 32 equilateral triangle faces, and 16 regular tetrahedron cells. It is the [[16-cell#Octahedral dipyramid|four-dimensional analogue of the octahedron]], and each of its four orthogonal central hyperplanes is an octahedron.

The only planar regular polygons found in the 16-cell are face triangles and central plane squares, but the 16-cell also contains a skew regular octagon, its [[W:Petrie polygon|Petrie polygon]]. The chords of this regular octagon, which lies skew in 4-space, are those given above for the 16-cell, as opposed to those for the cube or the regular octagon in the plane. The 16-cell is a construct of 3 Petrie octagons which share the same 8 vertices but have disjoint sets of 8 edges each.

The regular octad has higher symmetry in 4-space than it does in 2-space. The 16-cell is the 4-orthoplex, the simplest regular 4-polytope after the [[5-cell|4-simplex]]. All the larger regular convex 4-polytopes are compounds of the 16-cell. The regular octagon exhibits this high symmetry only when embedded in 4-space at the vertices of the 16-cell.

The 16-cell constitutes an [[W:Orthonormal basis|orthonormal basis]] for the choice of a 4-dimensional Cartesian reference frame, because its vertices define four orthogonal axes. The eight vertices of a unit-radius 16-cell are (±1, 0, 0, 0), (0, ±1, 0, 0), (0, 0, ±1, 0), (0, 0, 0, ±1). All vertices are connected by &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; edges except opposite pairs. 

The vertex coordinates of the 16-cell form 6 central squares lying in 6 pairwise [[W:Orthogonal|orthogonal]] coordinate planes. Great squares in ''opposite'' planes that do not share an axis (e.g. in the ''xy'' and ''wz'' planes) are completely disjoint (they do not intersect at any vertices). These planes are [[W:Completely orthogonal|completely orthogonal]].{{Efn|name=Six orthogonal planes of the Cartesian basis}}

Since this unit-radius coordinate system is convenient, let us derive the unit-radius 16-cell by skewing a unit-radius planar octagon, which has chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=\sqrt{2-\sqrt{2}} \approx 0.76537,r_2=\sqrt{2},r_3=\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}} \approx 1.84776,r_4=2&lt;/math&gt;

We will need a planar octagon with rigid &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; chords, rather than one with rigid &lt;math&gt;r_1&lt;/math&gt; edges. The octagon's &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; chords form two disjoint great squares, visible in the orthogonal projection, which we can reposition in 3-space to form a cube by making them parallel, and in 4-space to form a 16-cell by making them completely orthogonal.

In the 16-cell the two completely orthogonal great squares formed by the &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; chords are both parallel and perpendicular to each other. A ''simple'' rotation of the 16-cell in ''one'' of those two central planes rotates that square like a wheel, while the other square does not move. The four vertices of the rotating square orbit on a great circle in the plane.

The &lt;math&gt;r_1&lt;/math&gt; chords of the 16-cell form a Petrie polygon which zig-zags back and forth between the two completely orthogonal &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; squares.

The &lt;math&gt;r_3&lt;/math&gt; chords of the 16-cell form a circular helix, visible as a skew {8/3} octagram in the orthogonal projection. A ''double'' rotation of the 16-cell, in ''both'' of the two completely orthogonal &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; square planes at once by the same angle, moves the eight vertices along the circular helix over the &lt;math&gt;r_3&lt;/math&gt; chords. The circular helix is a [[w:Geodesic|geodesic]] great circle on the 3-sphere of a special kind: it does not lie in a central plane, its circumference is &lt;math&gt;4 \pi&lt;/math&gt;, and it occurs in either a left or right chiral form. We shall refer to the circular helix geodesic as an ''isocline'', and to the skew {8/3} octagram of its chords as a ''Clifford polygon''.

[[W:Rotations in 4-dimensional Euclidean space|Rotations in 4-dimensional Euclidean space]] can be seen as the composition of two 2-dimensional rotations in completely orthogonal planes. The general rotation in 4-space is a double rotation in pairs of completely orthogonal planes. Two completely orthogonal planes are called invariant planes of the rotation when all points in the plane rotate on circles that remain in the plane, even as the whole plane tilts sideways (like a coin flipping) into another plane. The two completely orthogonal rotations of each plane (like a wheel, and like a coin flipping) are simultaneous but independent, in that they are not geometrically constrained to turn at the same rate. However, the most circular kind of rotation (as opposed to an elliptical double rotation of a rigid spherical object) occurs when the invariant planes do rotate through the same angle in the same time interval. Such equi-angled double rotations are called [[w:SO(4)#Isoclinic_rotations|isoclinic]], also [[w:William_Kingdon_Clifford|Clifford]] displacements.

The 16-cell is the simplest possible frame in which to [[16-cell#Rotations|observe 4-dimensional rotations]] because its characteristic rotations feature a single pair of invariant rotation planes. In the 16-cell an isoclinic rotation by 90° in any pair of invariant completely orthogonal square central planes takes every square central plane to its completely orthogonal square central plane in a twisting displacement, as they tilt sideways 90° into each other's plane while rotating 90° internally. All the vertices move at once on the same circular helix geodesic isocline, displaced 90° in 8 orthogonal directions, and the rigid 16-cell assumes a new orientation in 4-space. When the 90° isoclinic rotation is continued in the same rotational direction through an additional 90°, each vertex is again displaced 90°, but from the new orientation in a direction orthogonal to its first 90° displacement. After 360° of rotation each vertex reaches its antipodal position.

The trajectory of each vertex over each 90° isoclinic rotational displacement is a one-eighth segment of its geodesic orbit. Its entire orbit traces a circular helix isocline in 4-space over eight &lt;math&gt;r_3&lt;/math&gt; chords, and also traces an ordinary great circle twice over the four &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; chords within one of the two moving invariant rotation planes. In the course of a 720° isoclinic rotation each vertex departs from all 8 vertex positions just once and returns to its original position, and the 16-cell returns to its original orientation.

== Hypercubes ==
The long diameter of the unit-edge [[W:Hypercube|hypercube]] of dimension &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; is &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{n}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;, so the unit-edge [[w:Tesseract|4-hypercube, the 16-point (8-cell) tesseract,]] has chords:
:&lt;math&gt;r_1=\sqrt{1},r_2=\sqrt{2},r_3=\sqrt{3},r_4=\sqrt{4}&lt;/math&gt;
Uniquely in its 4-dimensional case, the hypercube's edge length equals its radius, like the hexagon. We call such polytopes ''radially equilateral'', because they can be constructed from equilateral triangles which meet at their center, each contributing two radii and an edge. The cuboctahedron and the 24-cell are also radially equilateral.

The [[W:Tesseract|tesseract]] is the [[W:Regular convex 4-polytope|regular convex 4-polytope]] with [[W:Schläfli symbol|Schläfli symbol]] {4,3,3}. It has 16 vertices, 32 edges, 24 square faces, and 8 cubic cells. It is the four-dimensional analogue of the cube.

The 16-point tesseract is the convex hull of a compound of two 8-point 16-cells, in exact dimensional analogy to the way the 8-point cube is the convex hull of a [[W:Stellated octahedron|compound of two 4-point regular tetrahedra]]. The [[W:Demihypercube|demihypercubes]] occupy alternate vertices of the hypercubes. The diagonals of the square faces of the unit-edge, unit-radius tesseract are the &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; edges of two unit-radius 16-cells, also the edges of the square central planes.

We can rotate the tesseract isoclinically the way we rotated the 16-cell, by 90° in two completely orthogonal invariant square central planes, with the same effect on both alternate-position 16-cells. In the course of a 720° isoclinic rotation in invariant square central planes each vertex departs from all 8 vertex positions of its 16-cell just once and returns to its original position, but it does not visit the vertex positions of the other 16-cell. The skew octagon geodesic orbits of the 16 vertices lie on two disjoint octagram circular helix isoclines of the same chirality, which are [[w:Clifford_parallel|Clifford parallel]] objects that form a circular double helix.

The tesseract is the [[W:Dual polytope|dual polytope]] of the 16-cell. They have the same Petrie polygon, the regular skew octagon, but the tesseract is a construct of 4 Petrie octagons which share its 16 vertices pairwise but have disjoint sets of 8 tesseract edges each.

We can construct the tesseract by skewing two planar octagons. Because the tesseract is radially equilateral (unlike the 16-cell), we use two octagons of unit-edge length to build the unit-radius tesseract. To start we embed the planar octagons in 4-space at the same point and make them completely orthogonal. Then we skew each planar octagon into a cube, so we have a compound of two completely orthogonal cubes. Provided we skewed them both in the same rotational direction, the 16 vertices will be the vertices of a tesseract with half its 32 edges missing.

Because the tesseract contains two 16-cells in alternate positions it has two sets of 6 orthogonal square central planes. Two angles are required to specify the relationship between two planes in 4-space. Pairs of square central planes within each 16-cell are 90° apart in one angle, and either 0° or 90° apart in the other angle. They are 90° apart in both angles if and only if they are completely orthogonal planes, 90° apart by isoclinic rotation, with no vertices in common. Otherwise they are 0° apart in one of the angles, 90° apart by simple rotation, and they intersect in one axis and lie in a common 3-dimensional hyperplane.{{Efn|A double rotation in which one of the two angles of rotation is 0°, so that one of the completely orthogonal invariant planes does not rotate, is called a simple rotation. Ordinary rotations observed in a 3-dimensional space are simple rotations.}}

A pair of square central planes from alternate-position 16-cells are 60° apart by isoclinic rotation, with their corresponding vertices 120° apart. The planes are not orthogonal or parallel, so they intersect in a line somewhere, but they have no vertices in common, they have no 3-dimensional hyperplane in common, and they cannot reach each other by simple rotation. Such pairs of objects are called [[W:Clifford parallel|Clifford parallel]] because all their corresponding pairs of vertices are the same distance apart, although they are not parallel in the usual sense, because they have a common center. Not only the alternate-position 16-cells' corresponding square central planes, but also the 16-cells themselves, are Clifford parallel objects. More generally, multiple disjoint instances of a 4-polytope which compound to make a larger 4-polytope are Clifford parallel objects.

== The 24-cell ==
In 2-space we have the radially equilateral 6-point hexagon. In 3-space we have the radially equilateral 12-point cuboctahedron, with 4 hexagonal central planes. In 4-space we have the radially equilateral 24-point 24-cell, with 4 cuboctahedral central hyperplanes and 16 hexagonal central planes.

Great hexagons are a rounder choice than great squares for the invariant rotation planes in which to rotate a 4-polytope isoclinically. The complete hexagonal isoclinic revolution requires 720° like the square isoclinic revolution, but it is completed in 6 chordal steps of 120° each rather than 8 chordal steps of 90° each.

...

== The 600-cell ==

...

== Finally the 120-cell ==

...

== Conclusions ==

Fontaine and Hurley's discovery is more than a formula for the reciprocal of a regular ''n''-polygon diagonal. It also yields the discrete sequence of isocline chords of the distinct isoclinic rotation characteristic of a ''d''-dimensional regular polytope. The characteristic rotational chord sequence of the ''d''-polytope can be represented geometrically in two dimensions on a distinct star polygon, but it lies on a geodesic circle through ''d''-dimensional space. Fontaine and Hurley discovered the geodesic topology of polytopes generally. Their procedure will reveal the geodesics of arbitrary non-uniform polytopes, since it can be applied to a polytope of any dimensionality and irregularity, by first fitting the polytope to the smallest regular polygon whose chords include its chords.

Fontaine and Hurley's discovery of a chordal formula for isoclinic rotations closes the circuit on Kappraff and Adamson's discovery of a rotational connection between dynamical systems, Steinbach's golden fields, and Coxeter's Euclidean geometry of ''n'' dimensions. Application of the Fontaine and Hurley procedure in higher-dimensional spaces demonstrates why the connection exists: because polytope sequences generally, from Steinbach's golden polygon chord sequences, to chord sequences in isoclinic rotation helixes, to subsumption relations in the sequence of regular 4-polytopes, arise as expressions of the reflections and rotations of distinct Coxeter symmetry groups, when those various groups interact.

== Appendix: Sequence of regular 4-polytopes ==
{{Regular convex 4-polytopes|wiki=W:|columns=7}}

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== Citations ==
{{Reflist}}

== References ==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Cite journal | last=Steinbach | first=Peter | year=1997 | title=Golden fields: A case for the Heptagon | journal=Mathematics Magazine | volume=70 | issue=Feb 1997 | pages=22–31 | doi=10.1080/0025570X.1997.11996494 | jstor=2691048 | ref={{SfnRef|Steinbach|1997}} }}
* {{Cite journal | last=Steinbach | first=Peter | year=2000 | title=Sections Beyond Golden| journal=Bridges: Mathematical Connections in Art, Music and Science | issue=2000 | pages=35-44 | url=https://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2000/bridges2000-35.pdf | ref={{SfnRef|Steinbach|2000}}}}
* {{Cite journal | last1=Kappraff | first1=Jay | last2=Jablan | first2=Slavik | last3=Adamson | first3=Gary | last4=Sazdanovich | first4=Radmila | year=2004 | title=Golden Fields, Generalized Fibonacci Sequences, and Chaotic Matrices | journal=Forma | volume=19 | pages=367-387 | url=https://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2005/bridges2005-369.pdf | ref={{SfnRef|Kappraff, Jablan, Adamson &amp; Sazdanovich|2004}} }}
* {{Cite journal | last1=Kappraff | first1=Jay | last2=Adamson | first2=Gary | year=2004 | title=Polygons and Chaos | journal=Dynamical Systems and Geometric Theories | url=https://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2001/bridges2001-67.pdf | ref={{SfnRef|Kappraff &amp; Adamson|2004}} }}
* {{Cite journal | last1=Fontaine | first1=Anne | last2=Hurley | first2=Susan | year=2006 | title=Proof by Picture: Products and Reciprocals of Diagonal Length Ratios in the Regular Polygon | journal=Forum Geometricorum | volume=6 | pages=97-101 | url=https://scispace.com/pdf/proof-by-picture-products-and-reciprocals-of-diagonal-length-1aian8mgp9.pdf }}
{{Refend}}</text>
      <sha1>kgfpibqgtsxbszpokkeslpjtpl0tyxg</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>2809949</id>
      <parentid>2809948</parentid>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Dc.samizdat</username>
        <id>2856930</id>
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      <comment>/* The 24-cell */</comment>
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      <text bytes="47529" sha1="86dbbpnituheoyoz6xndcvr83m1o8ss" xml:space="preserve">{{align|center|David Brooks Christie}}
{{align|center|dc@samizdat.org}}
{{align|center|Draft in progress}}
{{align|center|January 2026 - April 2026}}

&lt;blockquote&gt;Steinbach discovered the formula for the ratios of diagonal to side in the regular polygons. Fontaine and Hurley extended this result, discovering a formula for the reciprocal of a regular polygon chord derived geometrically from the chord's star polygon. We observe that these findings in plane geometry apply more generally, to polytopes of any dimensionality. Fontaine and Hurley's geometric procedure for finding the reciprocals of the chords of a regular polygon from their star polygons also finds the rotational geodesics of any polytope of any dimensionality.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
== Introduction ==
Steinbach discovered the Diagonal Product Formula and the Golden Fields family of ratios of diagonal to side in the regular polygons. He showed how this family extends beyond the pentagon {5} with its well-known golden bisection proportional to 𝜙, finding that the heptagon {7} has an analogous trisection, the nonagon {9} has an analogous quadrasection, and the hendecagon {11} has an analogous pentasection, an extended family of golden proportions with quasiperiodic properties. 

Kappraff and Adamson extended these findings in plane geometry to a theory of Generalized Fibonacci Sequences, showing that the Golden Fields not only do not end with the hendecagon, they form an infinite number of periodic trajectories when operated on by the Mandelbrot operator. They found a relation between the edges of star polygons and dynamical systems in the state of chaos, revealing a connection between chaos theory, number, and rotations in Coxeter Euclidean geometry. 

Fontaine and Hurley examined Steinbach's finding that the length of each chord of a regular polygon is both the product of two chords and the sum of a set of smaller chords, so that in rotations to add is to multiply. They illustrated Steinbach's sets of additive chords lying parallel to each other in the plane (pointing in the same direction), and by applying Steinbach's formula more generally they found another summation relation of signed parallel chords (pointing in opposite directions) which relates each chord length to its reciprocal, and relates the summation to a distinct star polygon rotation. 

We examine these remarkable findings (which stem from study of the chords of humble regular polygons) in higher-dimensional spaces, specifically in the chords, polygons and rotations of the [[120-cell]], the largest four-dimensional regular convex polytope.

== Visualizing the 120-cell ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable floatright&quot; width=&quot;400&quot;
|style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot;|[[File:120-cell.gif|200px]]&lt;br&gt;Orthographic projection of the 600-point 120-cell &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\{5,3,3\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; performing a [[W:SO(4)#Geometry of 4D rotations|simple rotation]].{{Sfn|Hise|2011|loc=File:120-cell.gif|ps=; &quot;Created by Jason Hise with Maya and Macromedia Fireworks. A 3D projection of a 120-cell performing a [[W:SO(4)#Geometry of 4D rotations|simple rotation]].&quot;}} In this simplified rendering only the 120-cell's own edges are shown; its 29 interior chords are not rendered. Therefore even though it is translucent, only its outer surface is visible. The complex interior parts of the 120-cell, all its inscribed 5-cells, 16-cells, 8-cells, 24-cells, 600-cells and its much larger inventory of polyhedra, are completely invisible in this view, as none of their edges are rendered at all.
|style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot;|[[File:Ortho solid 016-uniform polychoron p33-t0.png|200px]]&lt;br&gt;Orthographic projection of the 600-point [[W:Great grand stellated 120-cell|great grand stellated 120-cell]] &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\{\tfrac{5}{2},3,3\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;.{{Sfn|Ruen: Great grand stellated 120-cell|2007}} The 120-cell is its convex hull. The projection to the left renders only the 120-cell's shortest chord, its 1200 edges. The projection above also renders only one of the 120-cell's 30 chords, the edges of its 120 inscribed regular 5-cells. The 120-cell itself (the convex hull) is invisible in this view, as its edges are not rendered.
|}

[[120-cell#Geometry|The 120-cell is the maximally complex regular 4-polytope]], containing inscribed instances of every regular 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-polytope, except the regular polygons of more than {15} sides. 

The 120-cell is the convex hull of a regular [[120-cell#Relationships among interior polytopes|compound of each of the 6 regular convex 4-polytopes]]. They are the [[5-cell|5-point (5-cell) 4-simplex]], the [[16-cell|8-point (16-cell) 4-orthoplex]], the [[W:Tesseract|16-point (8-cell) tesseract]], the [[24-cell|24-point (24-cell)]], the [[600-cell|120-point (600-cell)]], and the [[120-cell|600-point (120-cell)]]. The 120-cell is the convex hull of a compound of 120 disjoint regular 5-cells, of 75 disjoint 16-cells, of 25 disjoint 24-cells, and of 5 disjoint 600-cells.

The 120-cell contains an even larger inventory of irregular polytopes, created by the intersection of multiple instances of these component regular 4-polytopes. Many are quite unexpected, because they do not occur as components of any regular polytope smaller than the 120-cell. As just one example among the [[120-cell#Concentric hulls|sections of the 120-cell]], there is an irregular 24-point polyhedron with 16 triangle faces and 4 nonagon {9} faces.{{Sfn|Moxness|}}

Most renderings of the 120-cell, like the rotating projection here, only illustrate its outer surface, which is a honeycomb of face-bonded dodecahedral cells. Only the objects in its 3-dimensional surface are rendered, namely the 120 dodecahedra, their pentagon faces, and their edges. Although the 120-cell has chords of 30 distinct lengths, in this kind of simplified rendering only the 120-cell's own edges (its shortest chord) are shown. Its 29 interior chords, the edges of objects in the interior of the 120-cell, are not rendered, so interior objects are not visible at all.

Visualizing the complete interior of the 600-vertex 120-cell in a single image is impractical because of its complexity. Only four 120-cell edges are incident at each vertex, but [[120-cell#Chords|600 chords (of all 30 lengths)]] are incident at ''each'' vertex.

== Compounds in the 120-cell ==
The 8-point (16-cell), not the 5-point (5-cell), is the smallest building block; it compounds to every larger regular 4-polytope. The 5-point (5-cell) does compound to the 600-point (120-cell), but it does not fit into any smaller regular 4-polytope. 

The 8-point (16-cell) compounds by 2 in the 16-point (8-cell), and by 3 in the 24-point (24-cell). The 16-point (8-cell) compounds in the 24-point (24-cell) by 3 non-disjoint instances of itself, with each of the 24 vertices shared by two 16-point (8-cells). The 24-point (24-cell) compounds by 5 disjoint instances of itself in the 120-point (600-cell), and the 120-point (600-cell) compounds by 5 disjoint instances of itself in the 600-point (120-cell).

The 24-point (24-cell) also compounds by &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; non-disjoint instances of itself in the 120-point (600-cell); it compounds in 5 disjoint instances of itself, 10 (not 5) different ways. Whichever set of 5 disjoint 24-point (24-cells) are assembled, the resulting 120-point (600-cell) contains 25 distinct 24-point (24-cells), not just 5 (or 10). This implies that 15 disjoint 8-point (16-cells) will construct a 120-point (600-cell), which will contain 75 distinct 8-point (16-cells). 

The 600-point (120-cell) is 5 disjoint 120-point (600-cells), just 2 different ways (not 5 or 10 ways), so it is 10 distinct 120-point (600-cells). This implies that the 8-point (16-cell) compounds by 3 times &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; (75) disjoint instances of itself in the 600-point (120-cell), which contains &lt;math&gt;3^2&lt;/math&gt; times  &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; (225) distinct instances of the 24-point (24-cell), and  &lt;math&gt;3^3&lt;/math&gt; times &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; (675) distinct instances of the 8-point (16-cell). 

These facts were discovered painstakingly by various researchers, and no one has found a general rule governing subsumption relations among regular polytopes. The reasons for some of their numeric incidence relations are far from obvious. [[W:Pieter Hendrik Schoute|Schoute]] was the first to see that the 120-point (600-cell) is a compound of 5 24-point (24-cells) ''10 different ways'', and after he saw it a hundred years lapsed until Denney, Hooker, Johnson, Robinson, Butler &amp; Claiborne proved his result, and showed why.{{Sfn|Denney, Hooker, Johnson, Robinson, Butler &amp; Claiborne|2020|loc=''The geometry of H4 polytopes''}}

So much for the compounds of 16-cells. The 120-cell is also the convex hull of the compound of 120 disjoint regular 5-cells. That stellated compound (without its convex hull of 120-cell edges) is the [[w:Great_grand_stellated_120-cell|great grand stellated 120-cell]] illustrated above, the final regular [[W:Stellation|stellation]] of the 120-cell, and the only [[W:Schläfli-Hess polychoron|regular star 4-polytope]] to have the 120-cell for its convex hull. The edges of the great grand stellated 120-cell are &lt;math&gt;\phi^6&lt;/math&gt; as long as those of its 120-cell [[W:List of polyhedral stellations#Stellation process|stellation core]] deep inside.

The compound of 120 disjoint 5-point (5-cells) can be seen to be equivalent to the compound of 5 disjoint 120-point (600-cells), as follows. Beginning with a single 120-point (600-cell), expand each vertex into a regular 5-cell, by adding 4 new equidistant vertices, such that the 5 vertices form a regular 5-cell inscribed in the 3-sphere. The 120 5-cells are disjoint, and the 600 vertices form 5 disjoint 120-point (600-cells): a 120-cell.

== Thirty distinguished distances ==
The 30 numbers listed in the table are all-important in Euclidean geometry. A case can be made on symmetry grounds that their squares are the 30 most important numbers between 0 and 4. The 30 rows of the table are the 30 distinct [[120-cell#Geodesic rectangles|chord lengths of the unit-radius 120-cell]], the largest regular convex 4-polytope. Since the 120-cell subsumes all smaller regular polytopes, its 30 chords are the complete chord set of all the regular polytopes that can be constructed in the first four dimensions of Euclidean space, except for regular polygons of more than 15 sides.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center&quot;
!rowspan=2|&lt;math&gt;c_t&lt;/math&gt;
!rowspan=2|arc
!rowspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{n}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
!rowspan=2|&lt;math&gt;\left\{p\right\}&lt;/math&gt;
!rowspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;m\left\{\frac{k}{d}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
!rowspan=2|Steinbach roots
!colspan=7|Chord lengths of the unit 120-cell
|-
!colspan=5|unit-radius length &lt;math&gt;c_t&lt;/math&gt;
!colspan=2|unit-edge length &lt;math&gt;c_t/c_1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;br&gt;in 120-cell of radius &lt;math&gt;c_8=\sqrt{2}\phi^2&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{1,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;15.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{30\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{30\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{4,1}-c_{2,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7-3 \sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.270091&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2} \phi ^2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2 \phi ^4}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.072949}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{2,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;25.2{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{2}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \left\{15\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(c_{18,1}-c_{4,1}\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{3-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.437016&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2} \phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2 \phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.190983}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.61803&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{3,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;36{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{10\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3 \left\{\frac{10}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(\sqrt{5}-1\right) c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(\sqrt{5}-1\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.618034&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.381966}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.28825&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{4,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;41.4{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{c_{8,1}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.707107&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.61803&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{5,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;44.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{4}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \left\{\frac{15}{2}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} c_{2,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{9-3 \sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.756934&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}}{\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2 \phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.572949}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} \phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.80252&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{6,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;49.1{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{17}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{5-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{5-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.831254&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi }}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.690983}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi ^3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.07768&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{7,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;56.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{20}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{\phi }} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.93913&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{\frac{\psi }{\phi }}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\psi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.881966}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\psi  \phi ^3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.47709&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;60{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{5}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{6\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{6\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.70246&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{9,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;66.1{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{40}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{2 \phi }} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.09132&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{\frac{\chi }{\phi }}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\chi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.19098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\chi  \phi ^3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.04057&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{10,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;69.8{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{11}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi  c_{4,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2 \sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.14412&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\phi }{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\phi ^2}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.30902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^3&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.23607&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{11,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;72{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{6}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{5\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{5\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi }} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.17557&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3-\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3-\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.38197}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \sqrt{3-\phi } \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.3525&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{12,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;75.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{24}{5}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.22474&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.53457&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{13,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;81.1{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{13}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{9-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{9-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.30038&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{9-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(9-\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.69098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(9-\sqrt{5}\right)} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.8146&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{14,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;84.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{40}{9}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi } c_{8,1}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{1+\sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.345&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi }}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{5} \phi }{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.80902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi ^5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.9798&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{15,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;90.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{4\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{4\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 c_{4,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.41421&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.23607&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{16,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;95.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{29}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{11-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.4802&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(11-\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.19098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(11-\sqrt{5}\right)} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.48037&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{17,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;98.9{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{31}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7+\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{7+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.51954&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{7+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(7+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.30902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\psi  \phi ^5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.62605&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{18,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;104.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{8}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{15}{4}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.58114&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{5} \sqrt{\phi ^4}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.8541&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{19,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;108.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{9}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{10}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{3,1}+c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(1+\sqrt{5}\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.61803&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1+\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.61803}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \phi ^3&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.9907&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{20,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;110.2{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{13-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.64042&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(13-\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.69098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\phi ^2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.07359&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{21,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;113.9{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{19}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.67601&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.80902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\frac{\chi }{\phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.20537&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{22,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;120{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{10}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{3\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{3\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.73205&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{6} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.41285&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{23,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;124.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{41}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi }+\frac{5}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.7658&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4-\frac{\psi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4-\frac{\psi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.11803}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\chi  \phi ^5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.53779&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{24,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;130.9{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{20}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{11+\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.81907&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(11+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.30902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\frac{\sqrt{5}}{\phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.73503&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{25,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;135.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{11}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{11}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7+3 \sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7+3 \sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.85123&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\phi ^2}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\phi ^4}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.42705}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^4&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.8541&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{26,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;138.6{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{12}{5}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.87083&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{7} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.92667&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{27,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;144{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{12}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{5}{2}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(5+\sqrt{5}\right)} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(5+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.90211&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\phi +2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2+\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.61803}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{2 \phi +4}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.0425&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{28,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;154.8{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{13}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{13}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{13+\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.95167&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(13+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.80902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\frac{1}{\phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.22598&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{29,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;164.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{14}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{15}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi  c_{12,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{\frac{3}{2}} \left(1+\sqrt{5}\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.98168&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}} \phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3 \phi ^2}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.92705}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} \phi ^3&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.33708&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{30,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;180{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{15}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{2\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{2\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \sqrt{2} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.40492&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|rowspan=4 colspan=6|
|rowspan=4 colspan=4|
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; is the golden ratio:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2-\phi -1=0&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\phi }+1=\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;, and: &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi+1=\phi^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\phi }::1::\phi ::\phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1/\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; and &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; are the golden sections of &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi +\frac{1}{\phi }=\sqrt{5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi = (\sqrt{5} + 1)/2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.618034&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\chi = (3\sqrt{5} + 1)/2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.854102&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\psi = (3\sqrt{5} - 1)/2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.854102&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\psi = 11/\chi = 22/(3\sqrt{5} + 1)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.854102&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|}

...

== The 8-point regular polytopes ==
In 2-space we have the regular 8-point octagon, in 3-space the regular 8-point cube, and in 4-space the regular 8-point [[16-cell]].

A planar octagon with rigid edges of unit length has chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=1,r_2=\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}} \approx 1.84776,r_3=1+\sqrt{2} \approx 2.41421,r_4=\sqrt{4 + \sqrt{8}} \approx 2.61313&lt;/math&gt;

The chord ratio &lt;math&gt;r_3=1+\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt; is a geometrical proportion, the [[W:Silver ratio|silver ratio]]. Fontaine and Hurley's procedure for obtaining the reciprocal of a chord tells us that:

:&lt;math&gt;r_3-r_1-r_1=1/r_3 \approx 0.41421&lt;/math&gt;

Note that &lt;math&gt;1/r_3=\sqrt{2}-1=r_3-2&lt;/math&gt;.

If we embed this planar octagon in 3-space, we can make it skew, repositioning its vertices so that each is one unit-edge length distant from three others instead of two others, at the vertices of a unit-edge cube with chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=1, r_2=\sqrt{2}, r_3=\sqrt{3}, r_4=\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;

If we embed this cube in 4-space, we can skew it some more, repositioning its vertices so that each is one unit-edge length distant from six others instead of three others, at the vertices of a unit-edge 4-polytope with chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=1,r_2=1,r_3=1,r_4=\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;

All of its chords except its long diameters are the same unit length as its edge. In fact they are its 24 edges, and it is a 16-cell of radius &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1/\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;.

[[File:octagon16cell.png|thumb|Orthogonal projection of a regular 16-cell to the [[16-cell#Projections|B&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; Coxeter plane]]. Only its edges are shown; its long diameter chords are not drawn. All 24 edges are the same length. Only the edges of the two disjoint squares lie parallel to the projection plane, in completely orthogonal central planes.]]

The [[16-cell]] is the [[W:Regular convex 4-polytope|regular convex 4-polytope]] with [[W:Schläfli symbol|Schläfli symbol]] {3,3,4}. It has 8 vertices, 24 edges, 32 equilateral triangle faces, and 16 regular tetrahedron cells. It is the [[16-cell#Octahedral dipyramid|four-dimensional analogue of the octahedron]], and each of its four orthogonal central hyperplanes is an octahedron.

The only planar regular polygons found in the 16-cell are face triangles and central plane squares, but the 16-cell also contains a skew regular octagon, its [[W:Petrie polygon|Petrie polygon]]. The chords of this regular octagon, which lies skew in 4-space, are those given above for the 16-cell, as opposed to those for the cube or the regular octagon in the plane. The 16-cell is a construct of 3 Petrie octagons which share the same 8 vertices but have disjoint sets of 8 edges each.

The regular octad has higher symmetry in 4-space than it does in 2-space. The 16-cell is the 4-orthoplex, the simplest regular 4-polytope after the [[5-cell|4-simplex]]. All the larger regular convex 4-polytopes are compounds of the 16-cell. The regular octagon exhibits this high symmetry only when embedded in 4-space at the vertices of the 16-cell.

The 16-cell constitutes an [[W:Orthonormal basis|orthonormal basis]] for the choice of a 4-dimensional Cartesian reference frame, because its vertices define four orthogonal axes. The eight vertices of a unit-radius 16-cell are (±1, 0, 0, 0), (0, ±1, 0, 0), (0, 0, ±1, 0), (0, 0, 0, ±1). All vertices are connected by &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; edges except opposite pairs. 

The vertex coordinates of the 16-cell form 6 central squares lying in 6 pairwise [[W:Orthogonal|orthogonal]] coordinate planes. Great squares in ''opposite'' planes that do not share an axis (e.g. in the ''xy'' and ''wz'' planes) are completely disjoint (they do not intersect at any vertices). These planes are [[W:Completely orthogonal|completely orthogonal]].{{Efn|name=Six orthogonal planes of the Cartesian basis}}

Since this unit-radius coordinate system is convenient, let us derive the unit-radius 16-cell by skewing a unit-radius planar octagon, which has chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=\sqrt{2-\sqrt{2}} \approx 0.76537,r_2=\sqrt{2},r_3=\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}} \approx 1.84776,r_4=2&lt;/math&gt;

We will need a planar octagon with rigid &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; chords, rather than one with rigid &lt;math&gt;r_1&lt;/math&gt; edges. The octagon's &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; chords form two disjoint great squares, visible in the orthogonal projection, which we can reposition in 3-space to form a cube by making them parallel, and in 4-space to form a 16-cell by making them completely orthogonal.

In the 16-cell the two completely orthogonal great squares formed by the &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; chords are both parallel and perpendicular to each other. A ''simple'' rotation of the 16-cell in ''one'' of those two central planes rotates that square like a wheel, while the other square does not move. The four vertices of the rotating square orbit on a great circle in the plane.

The &lt;math&gt;r_1&lt;/math&gt; chords of the 16-cell form a Petrie polygon which zig-zags back and forth between the two completely orthogonal &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; squares.

The &lt;math&gt;r_3&lt;/math&gt; chords of the 16-cell form a circular helix, visible as a skew {8/3} octagram in the orthogonal projection. A ''double'' rotation of the 16-cell, in ''both'' of the two completely orthogonal &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; square planes at once by the same angle, moves the eight vertices along the circular helix over the &lt;math&gt;r_3&lt;/math&gt; chords. The circular helix is a [[w:Geodesic|geodesic]] great circle on the 3-sphere of a special kind: it does not lie in a central plane, its circumference is &lt;math&gt;4 \pi&lt;/math&gt;, and it occurs in either a left or right chiral form. We shall refer to the circular helix geodesic as an ''isocline'', and to the skew {8/3} octagram of its chords as a ''Clifford polygon''.

[[W:Rotations in 4-dimensional Euclidean space|Rotations in 4-dimensional Euclidean space]] can be seen as the composition of two 2-dimensional rotations in completely orthogonal planes. The general rotation in 4-space is a double rotation in pairs of completely orthogonal planes. Two completely orthogonal planes are called invariant planes of the rotation when all points in the plane rotate on circles that remain in the plane, even as the whole plane tilts sideways (like a coin flipping) into another plane. The two completely orthogonal rotations of each plane (like a wheel, and like a coin flipping) are simultaneous but independent, in that they are not geometrically constrained to turn at the same rate. However, the most circular kind of rotation (as opposed to an elliptical double rotation of a rigid spherical object) occurs when the invariant planes do rotate through the same angle in the same time interval. Such equi-angled double rotations are called [[w:SO(4)#Isoclinic_rotations|isoclinic]], also [[w:William_Kingdon_Clifford|Clifford]] displacements.

The 16-cell is the simplest possible frame in which to [[16-cell#Rotations|observe 4-dimensional rotations]] because its characteristic rotations feature a single pair of invariant rotation planes. In the 16-cell an isoclinic rotation by 90° in any pair of invariant completely orthogonal square central planes takes every square central plane to its completely orthogonal square central plane in a twisting displacement, as they tilt sideways 90° into each other's plane while rotating 90° internally. All the vertices move at once on the same circular helix geodesic isocline, displaced 90° in 8 orthogonal directions, and the rigid 16-cell assumes a new orientation in 4-space. When the 90° isoclinic rotation is continued in the same rotational direction through an additional 90°, each vertex is again displaced 90°, but from the new orientation in a direction orthogonal to its first 90° displacement. After 360° of rotation each vertex reaches its antipodal position.

The trajectory of each vertex over each 90° isoclinic rotational displacement is a one-eighth segment of its geodesic orbit. Its entire orbit traces a circular helix isocline in 4-space over eight &lt;math&gt;r_3&lt;/math&gt; chords, and also traces an ordinary great circle twice over the four &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; chords within one of the two moving invariant rotation planes. In the course of a 720° isoclinic rotation each vertex departs from all 8 vertex positions just once and returns to its original position, and the 16-cell returns to its original orientation.

== Hypercubes ==
The long diameter of the unit-edge [[W:Hypercube|hypercube]] of dimension &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; is &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{n}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;, so the unit-edge [[w:Tesseract|4-hypercube, the 16-point (8-cell) tesseract,]] has chords:
:&lt;math&gt;r_1=\sqrt{1},r_2=\sqrt{2},r_3=\sqrt{3},r_4=\sqrt{4}&lt;/math&gt;
Uniquely in its 4-dimensional case, the hypercube's edge length equals its radius, like the hexagon. We call such polytopes ''radially equilateral'', because they can be constructed from equilateral triangles which meet at their center, each contributing two radii and an edge. The cuboctahedron and the 24-cell are also radially equilateral.

The [[W:Tesseract|tesseract]] is the [[W:Regular convex 4-polytope|regular convex 4-polytope]] with [[W:Schläfli symbol|Schläfli symbol]] {4,3,3}. It has 16 vertices, 32 edges, 24 square faces, and 8 cubic cells. It is the four-dimensional analogue of the cube.

The 16-point tesseract is the convex hull of a compound of two 8-point 16-cells, in exact dimensional analogy to the way the 8-point cube is the convex hull of a [[W:Stellated octahedron|compound of two 4-point regular tetrahedra]]. The [[W:Demihypercube|demihypercubes]] occupy alternate vertices of the hypercubes. The diagonals of the square faces of the unit-edge, unit-radius tesseract are the &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; edges of two unit-radius 16-cells, also the edges of the square central planes.

We can rotate the tesseract isoclinically the way we rotated the 16-cell, by 90° in two completely orthogonal invariant square central planes, with the same effect on both alternate-position 16-cells. In the course of a 720° isoclinic rotation in invariant square central planes each vertex departs from all 8 vertex positions of its 16-cell just once and returns to its original position, but it does not visit the vertex positions of the other 16-cell. The skew octagon geodesic orbits of the 16 vertices lie on two disjoint octagram circular helix isoclines of the same chirality, which are [[w:Clifford_parallel|Clifford parallel]] objects that form a circular double helix.

The tesseract is the [[W:Dual polytope|dual polytope]] of the 16-cell. They have the same Petrie polygon, the regular skew octagon, but the tesseract is a construct of 4 Petrie octagons which share its 16 vertices pairwise but have disjoint sets of 8 tesseract edges each.

We can construct the tesseract by skewing two planar octagons. Because the tesseract is radially equilateral (unlike the 16-cell), we use two octagons of unit-edge length to build the unit-radius tesseract. To start we embed the planar octagons in 4-space at the same point and make them completely orthogonal. Then we skew each planar octagon into a cube, so we have a compound of two completely orthogonal cubes. Provided we skewed them both in the same rotational direction, the 16 vertices will be the vertices of a tesseract with half its 32 edges missing.

Because the tesseract contains two 16-cells in alternate positions it has two sets of 6 orthogonal square central planes. Two angles are required to specify the relationship between two planes in 4-space. Pairs of square central planes within each 16-cell are 90° apart in one angle, and either 0° or 90° apart in the other angle. They are 90° apart in both angles if and only if they are completely orthogonal planes, 90° apart by isoclinic rotation, with no vertices in common. Otherwise they are 0° apart in one of the angles, 90° apart by simple rotation, and they intersect in one axis and lie in a common 3-dimensional hyperplane.{{Efn|A double rotation in which one of the two angles of rotation is 0°, so that one of the completely orthogonal invariant planes does not rotate, is called a simple rotation. Ordinary rotations observed in a 3-dimensional space are simple rotations.}}

A pair of square central planes from alternate-position 16-cells are 60° apart by isoclinic rotation, with their corresponding vertices 120° apart. The planes are not orthogonal or parallel, so they intersect in a line somewhere, but they have no vertices in common, they have no 3-dimensional hyperplane in common, and they cannot reach each other by simple rotation. Such pairs of objects are called [[W:Clifford parallel|Clifford parallel]] because all their corresponding pairs of vertices are the same distance apart, although they are not parallel in the usual sense, because they have a common center. Not only the alternate-position 16-cells' corresponding square central planes, but also the 16-cells themselves, are Clifford parallel objects. More generally, multiple disjoint instances of a 4-polytope which compound to make a larger 4-polytope are Clifford parallel objects.

== The 24-cell ==
In 2-space we have the radially equilateral 6-point hexagon. In 3-space we have the radially equilateral 12-point cuboctahedron, with 4 hexagonal central planes. In 4-space we have the radially equilateral 24-point 24-cell, with 4 cuboctahedral central hyperplanes and 16 hexagonal central planes.

The tesseract is the regular convex 4-polytope with Schläfli symbol {3,4,3}. It has 24 vertices, 96 edges, 96 equilateral triangle faces, and 24 octahedral cells. It is the four-dimensional analogue of the cuboctahedron.

...

Great hexagons are a rounder choice than great squares for the invariant rotation planes in which to rotate a 4-polytope isoclinically. The complete hexagonal isoclinic revolution requires 720° like the square isoclinic revolution, but it is completed in 6 chordal steps of 120° each rather than 8 chordal steps of 90° each.

...

== The 600-cell ==

...

== Finally the 120-cell ==

...

== Conclusions ==

Fontaine and Hurley's discovery is more than a formula for the reciprocal of a regular ''n''-polygon diagonal. It also yields the discrete sequence of isocline chords of the distinct isoclinic rotation characteristic of a ''d''-dimensional regular polytope. The characteristic rotational chord sequence of the ''d''-polytope can be represented geometrically in two dimensions on a distinct star polygon, but it lies on a geodesic circle through ''d''-dimensional space. Fontaine and Hurley discovered the geodesic topology of polytopes generally. Their procedure will reveal the geodesics of arbitrary non-uniform polytopes, since it can be applied to a polytope of any dimensionality and irregularity, by first fitting the polytope to the smallest regular polygon whose chords include its chords.

Fontaine and Hurley's discovery of a chordal formula for isoclinic rotations closes the circuit on Kappraff and Adamson's discovery of a rotational connection between dynamical systems, Steinbach's golden fields, and Coxeter's Euclidean geometry of ''n'' dimensions. Application of the Fontaine and Hurley procedure in higher-dimensional spaces demonstrates why the connection exists: because polytope sequences generally, from Steinbach's golden polygon chord sequences, to chord sequences in isoclinic rotation helixes, to subsumption relations in the sequence of regular 4-polytopes, arise as expressions of the reflections and rotations of distinct Coxeter symmetry groups, when those various groups interact.

== Appendix: Sequence of regular 4-polytopes ==
{{Regular convex 4-polytopes|wiki=W:|columns=7}}

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== Citations ==
{{Reflist}}

== References ==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Cite journal | last=Steinbach | first=Peter | year=1997 | title=Golden fields: A case for the Heptagon | journal=Mathematics Magazine | volume=70 | issue=Feb 1997 | pages=22–31 | doi=10.1080/0025570X.1997.11996494 | jstor=2691048 | ref={{SfnRef|Steinbach|1997}} }}
* {{Cite journal | last=Steinbach | first=Peter | year=2000 | title=Sections Beyond Golden| journal=Bridges: Mathematical Connections in Art, Music and Science | issue=2000 | pages=35-44 | url=https://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2000/bridges2000-35.pdf | ref={{SfnRef|Steinbach|2000}}}}
* {{Cite journal | last1=Kappraff | first1=Jay | last2=Jablan | first2=Slavik | last3=Adamson | first3=Gary | last4=Sazdanovich | first4=Radmila | year=2004 | title=Golden Fields, Generalized Fibonacci Sequences, and Chaotic Matrices | journal=Forma | volume=19 | pages=367-387 | url=https://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2005/bridges2005-369.pdf | ref={{SfnRef|Kappraff, Jablan, Adamson &amp; Sazdanovich|2004}} }}
* {{Cite journal | last1=Kappraff | first1=Jay | last2=Adamson | first2=Gary | year=2004 | title=Polygons and Chaos | journal=Dynamical Systems and Geometric Theories | url=https://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2001/bridges2001-67.pdf | ref={{SfnRef|Kappraff &amp; Adamson|2004}} }}
* {{Cite journal | last1=Fontaine | first1=Anne | last2=Hurley | first2=Susan | year=2006 | title=Proof by Picture: Products and Reciprocals of Diagonal Length Ratios in the Regular Polygon | journal=Forum Geometricorum | volume=6 | pages=97-101 | url=https://scispace.com/pdf/proof-by-picture-products-and-reciprocals-of-diagonal-length-1aian8mgp9.pdf }}
{{Refend}}</text>
      <sha1>86dbbpnituheoyoz6xndcvr83m1o8ss</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2809950</id>
      <parentid>2809949</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-17T20:34:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dc.samizdat</username>
        <id>2856930</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* The 24-cell */</comment>
      <origin>2809950</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="47530" sha1="9p0rmftsuuqn9ab7iwr3wpp69c67dk9" xml:space="preserve">{{align|center|David Brooks Christie}}
{{align|center|dc@samizdat.org}}
{{align|center|Draft in progress}}
{{align|center|January 2026 - April 2026}}

&lt;blockquote&gt;Steinbach discovered the formula for the ratios of diagonal to side in the regular polygons. Fontaine and Hurley extended this result, discovering a formula for the reciprocal of a regular polygon chord derived geometrically from the chord's star polygon. We observe that these findings in plane geometry apply more generally, to polytopes of any dimensionality. Fontaine and Hurley's geometric procedure for finding the reciprocals of the chords of a regular polygon from their star polygons also finds the rotational geodesics of any polytope of any dimensionality.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
== Introduction ==
Steinbach discovered the Diagonal Product Formula and the Golden Fields family of ratios of diagonal to side in the regular polygons. He showed how this family extends beyond the pentagon {5} with its well-known golden bisection proportional to 𝜙, finding that the heptagon {7} has an analogous trisection, the nonagon {9} has an analogous quadrasection, and the hendecagon {11} has an analogous pentasection, an extended family of golden proportions with quasiperiodic properties. 

Kappraff and Adamson extended these findings in plane geometry to a theory of Generalized Fibonacci Sequences, showing that the Golden Fields not only do not end with the hendecagon, they form an infinite number of periodic trajectories when operated on by the Mandelbrot operator. They found a relation between the edges of star polygons and dynamical systems in the state of chaos, revealing a connection between chaos theory, number, and rotations in Coxeter Euclidean geometry. 

Fontaine and Hurley examined Steinbach's finding that the length of each chord of a regular polygon is both the product of two chords and the sum of a set of smaller chords, so that in rotations to add is to multiply. They illustrated Steinbach's sets of additive chords lying parallel to each other in the plane (pointing in the same direction), and by applying Steinbach's formula more generally they found another summation relation of signed parallel chords (pointing in opposite directions) which relates each chord length to its reciprocal, and relates the summation to a distinct star polygon rotation. 

We examine these remarkable findings (which stem from study of the chords of humble regular polygons) in higher-dimensional spaces, specifically in the chords, polygons and rotations of the [[120-cell]], the largest four-dimensional regular convex polytope.

== Visualizing the 120-cell ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable floatright&quot; width=&quot;400&quot;
|style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot;|[[File:120-cell.gif|200px]]&lt;br&gt;Orthographic projection of the 600-point 120-cell &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\{5,3,3\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; performing a [[W:SO(4)#Geometry of 4D rotations|simple rotation]].{{Sfn|Hise|2011|loc=File:120-cell.gif|ps=; &quot;Created by Jason Hise with Maya and Macromedia Fireworks. A 3D projection of a 120-cell performing a [[W:SO(4)#Geometry of 4D rotations|simple rotation]].&quot;}} In this simplified rendering only the 120-cell's own edges are shown; its 29 interior chords are not rendered. Therefore even though it is translucent, only its outer surface is visible. The complex interior parts of the 120-cell, all its inscribed 5-cells, 16-cells, 8-cells, 24-cells, 600-cells and its much larger inventory of polyhedra, are completely invisible in this view, as none of their edges are rendered at all.
|style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot;|[[File:Ortho solid 016-uniform polychoron p33-t0.png|200px]]&lt;br&gt;Orthographic projection of the 600-point [[W:Great grand stellated 120-cell|great grand stellated 120-cell]] &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\{\tfrac{5}{2},3,3\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;.{{Sfn|Ruen: Great grand stellated 120-cell|2007}} The 120-cell is its convex hull. The projection to the left renders only the 120-cell's shortest chord, its 1200 edges. The projection above also renders only one of the 120-cell's 30 chords, the edges of its 120 inscribed regular 5-cells. The 120-cell itself (the convex hull) is invisible in this view, as its edges are not rendered.
|}

[[120-cell#Geometry|The 120-cell is the maximally complex regular 4-polytope]], containing inscribed instances of every regular 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-polytope, except the regular polygons of more than {15} sides. 

The 120-cell is the convex hull of a regular [[120-cell#Relationships among interior polytopes|compound of each of the 6 regular convex 4-polytopes]]. They are the [[5-cell|5-point (5-cell) 4-simplex]], the [[16-cell|8-point (16-cell) 4-orthoplex]], the [[W:Tesseract|16-point (8-cell) tesseract]], the [[24-cell|24-point (24-cell)]], the [[600-cell|120-point (600-cell)]], and the [[120-cell|600-point (120-cell)]]. The 120-cell is the convex hull of a compound of 120 disjoint regular 5-cells, of 75 disjoint 16-cells, of 25 disjoint 24-cells, and of 5 disjoint 600-cells.

The 120-cell contains an even larger inventory of irregular polytopes, created by the intersection of multiple instances of these component regular 4-polytopes. Many are quite unexpected, because they do not occur as components of any regular polytope smaller than the 120-cell. As just one example among the [[120-cell#Concentric hulls|sections of the 120-cell]], there is an irregular 24-point polyhedron with 16 triangle faces and 4 nonagon {9} faces.{{Sfn|Moxness|}}

Most renderings of the 120-cell, like the rotating projection here, only illustrate its outer surface, which is a honeycomb of face-bonded dodecahedral cells. Only the objects in its 3-dimensional surface are rendered, namely the 120 dodecahedra, their pentagon faces, and their edges. Although the 120-cell has chords of 30 distinct lengths, in this kind of simplified rendering only the 120-cell's own edges (its shortest chord) are shown. Its 29 interior chords, the edges of objects in the interior of the 120-cell, are not rendered, so interior objects are not visible at all.

Visualizing the complete interior of the 600-vertex 120-cell in a single image is impractical because of its complexity. Only four 120-cell edges are incident at each vertex, but [[120-cell#Chords|600 chords (of all 30 lengths)]] are incident at ''each'' vertex.

== Compounds in the 120-cell ==
The 8-point (16-cell), not the 5-point (5-cell), is the smallest building block; it compounds to every larger regular 4-polytope. The 5-point (5-cell) does compound to the 600-point (120-cell), but it does not fit into any smaller regular 4-polytope. 

The 8-point (16-cell) compounds by 2 in the 16-point (8-cell), and by 3 in the 24-point (24-cell). The 16-point (8-cell) compounds in the 24-point (24-cell) by 3 non-disjoint instances of itself, with each of the 24 vertices shared by two 16-point (8-cells). The 24-point (24-cell) compounds by 5 disjoint instances of itself in the 120-point (600-cell), and the 120-point (600-cell) compounds by 5 disjoint instances of itself in the 600-point (120-cell).

The 24-point (24-cell) also compounds by &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; non-disjoint instances of itself in the 120-point (600-cell); it compounds in 5 disjoint instances of itself, 10 (not 5) different ways. Whichever set of 5 disjoint 24-point (24-cells) are assembled, the resulting 120-point (600-cell) contains 25 distinct 24-point (24-cells), not just 5 (or 10). This implies that 15 disjoint 8-point (16-cells) will construct a 120-point (600-cell), which will contain 75 distinct 8-point (16-cells). 

The 600-point (120-cell) is 5 disjoint 120-point (600-cells), just 2 different ways (not 5 or 10 ways), so it is 10 distinct 120-point (600-cells). This implies that the 8-point (16-cell) compounds by 3 times &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; (75) disjoint instances of itself in the 600-point (120-cell), which contains &lt;math&gt;3^2&lt;/math&gt; times  &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; (225) distinct instances of the 24-point (24-cell), and  &lt;math&gt;3^3&lt;/math&gt; times &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; (675) distinct instances of the 8-point (16-cell). 

These facts were discovered painstakingly by various researchers, and no one has found a general rule governing subsumption relations among regular polytopes. The reasons for some of their numeric incidence relations are far from obvious. [[W:Pieter Hendrik Schoute|Schoute]] was the first to see that the 120-point (600-cell) is a compound of 5 24-point (24-cells) ''10 different ways'', and after he saw it a hundred years lapsed until Denney, Hooker, Johnson, Robinson, Butler &amp; Claiborne proved his result, and showed why.{{Sfn|Denney, Hooker, Johnson, Robinson, Butler &amp; Claiborne|2020|loc=''The geometry of H4 polytopes''}}

So much for the compounds of 16-cells. The 120-cell is also the convex hull of the compound of 120 disjoint regular 5-cells. That stellated compound (without its convex hull of 120-cell edges) is the [[w:Great_grand_stellated_120-cell|great grand stellated 120-cell]] illustrated above, the final regular [[W:Stellation|stellation]] of the 120-cell, and the only [[W:Schläfli-Hess polychoron|regular star 4-polytope]] to have the 120-cell for its convex hull. The edges of the great grand stellated 120-cell are &lt;math&gt;\phi^6&lt;/math&gt; as long as those of its 120-cell [[W:List of polyhedral stellations#Stellation process|stellation core]] deep inside.

The compound of 120 disjoint 5-point (5-cells) can be seen to be equivalent to the compound of 5 disjoint 120-point (600-cells), as follows. Beginning with a single 120-point (600-cell), expand each vertex into a regular 5-cell, by adding 4 new equidistant vertices, such that the 5 vertices form a regular 5-cell inscribed in the 3-sphere. The 120 5-cells are disjoint, and the 600 vertices form 5 disjoint 120-point (600-cells): a 120-cell.

== Thirty distinguished distances ==
The 30 numbers listed in the table are all-important in Euclidean geometry. A case can be made on symmetry grounds that their squares are the 30 most important numbers between 0 and 4. The 30 rows of the table are the 30 distinct [[120-cell#Geodesic rectangles|chord lengths of the unit-radius 120-cell]], the largest regular convex 4-polytope. Since the 120-cell subsumes all smaller regular polytopes, its 30 chords are the complete chord set of all the regular polytopes that can be constructed in the first four dimensions of Euclidean space, except for regular polygons of more than 15 sides.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center&quot;
!rowspan=2|&lt;math&gt;c_t&lt;/math&gt;
!rowspan=2|arc
!rowspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{n}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
!rowspan=2|&lt;math&gt;\left\{p\right\}&lt;/math&gt;
!rowspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;m\left\{\frac{k}{d}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
!rowspan=2|Steinbach roots
!colspan=7|Chord lengths of the unit 120-cell
|-
!colspan=5|unit-radius length &lt;math&gt;c_t&lt;/math&gt;
!colspan=2|unit-edge length &lt;math&gt;c_t/c_1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;br&gt;in 120-cell of radius &lt;math&gt;c_8=\sqrt{2}\phi^2&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{1,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;15.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{30\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{30\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{4,1}-c_{2,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7-3 \sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.270091&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2} \phi ^2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2 \phi ^4}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.072949}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{2,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;25.2{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{2}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \left\{15\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(c_{18,1}-c_{4,1}\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{3-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.437016&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2} \phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2 \phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.190983}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.61803&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{3,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;36{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{10\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3 \left\{\frac{10}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(\sqrt{5}-1\right) c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(\sqrt{5}-1\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.618034&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.381966}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.28825&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{4,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;41.4{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{c_{8,1}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.707107&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.61803&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{5,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;44.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{4}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \left\{\frac{15}{2}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} c_{2,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{9-3 \sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.756934&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}}{\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2 \phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.572949}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} \phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.80252&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{6,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;49.1{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{17}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{5-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{5-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.831254&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi }}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.690983}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi ^3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.07768&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{7,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;56.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{20}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{\phi }} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.93913&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{\frac{\psi }{\phi }}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\psi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.881966}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\psi  \phi ^3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.47709&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;60{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{5}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{6\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{6\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.70246&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{9,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;66.1{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{40}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{2 \phi }} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.09132&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{\frac{\chi }{\phi }}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\chi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.19098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\chi  \phi ^3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.04057&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{10,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;69.8{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{11}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi  c_{4,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2 \sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.14412&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\phi }{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\phi ^2}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.30902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^3&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.23607&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{11,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;72{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{6}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{5\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{5\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi }} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.17557&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3-\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3-\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.38197}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \sqrt{3-\phi } \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.3525&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{12,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;75.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{24}{5}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.22474&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.53457&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{13,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;81.1{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{13}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{9-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{9-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.30038&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{9-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(9-\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.69098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(9-\sqrt{5}\right)} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.8146&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{14,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;84.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{40}{9}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi } c_{8,1}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{1+\sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.345&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi }}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{5} \phi }{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.80902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi ^5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.9798&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{15,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;90.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{4\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{4\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 c_{4,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.41421&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.23607&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{16,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;95.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{29}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{11-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.4802&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(11-\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.19098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(11-\sqrt{5}\right)} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.48037&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{17,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;98.9{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{31}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7+\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{7+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.51954&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{7+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(7+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.30902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\psi  \phi ^5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.62605&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{18,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;104.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{8}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{15}{4}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.58114&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{5} \sqrt{\phi ^4}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.8541&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{19,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;108.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{9}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{10}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{3,1}+c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(1+\sqrt{5}\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.61803&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1+\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.61803}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \phi ^3&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.9907&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{20,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;110.2{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{13-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.64042&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(13-\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.69098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\phi ^2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.07359&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{21,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;113.9{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{19}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.67601&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.80902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\frac{\chi }{\phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.20537&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{22,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;120{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{10}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{3\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{3\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.73205&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{6} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.41285&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{23,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;124.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{41}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi }+\frac{5}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.7658&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4-\frac{\psi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4-\frac{\psi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.11803}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\chi  \phi ^5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.53779&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{24,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;130.9{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{20}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{11+\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.81907&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(11+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.30902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\frac{\sqrt{5}}{\phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.73503&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{25,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;135.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{11}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{11}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7+3 \sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7+3 \sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.85123&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\phi ^2}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\phi ^4}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.42705}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^4&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.8541&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{26,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;138.6{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{12}{5}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.87083&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{7} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.92667&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{27,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;144{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{12}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{5}{2}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(5+\sqrt{5}\right)} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(5+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.90211&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\phi +2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2+\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.61803}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{2 \phi +4}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.0425&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{28,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;154.8{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{13}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{13}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{13+\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.95167&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(13+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.80902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\frac{1}{\phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.22598&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{29,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;164.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{14}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{15}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi  c_{12,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{\frac{3}{2}} \left(1+\sqrt{5}\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.98168&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}} \phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3 \phi ^2}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.92705}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} \phi ^3&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.33708&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{30,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;180{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{15}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{2\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{2\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \sqrt{2} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.40492&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|rowspan=4 colspan=6|
|rowspan=4 colspan=4|
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; is the golden ratio:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2-\phi -1=0&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\phi }+1=\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;, and: &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi+1=\phi^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\phi }::1::\phi ::\phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1/\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; and &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; are the golden sections of &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi +\frac{1}{\phi }=\sqrt{5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi = (\sqrt{5} + 1)/2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.618034&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\chi = (3\sqrt{5} + 1)/2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.854102&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\psi = (3\sqrt{5} - 1)/2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.854102&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\psi = 11/\chi = 22/(3\sqrt{5} + 1)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.854102&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|}

...

== The 8-point regular polytopes ==
In 2-space we have the regular 8-point octagon, in 3-space the regular 8-point cube, and in 4-space the regular 8-point [[16-cell]].

A planar octagon with rigid edges of unit length has chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=1,r_2=\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}} \approx 1.84776,r_3=1+\sqrt{2} \approx 2.41421,r_4=\sqrt{4 + \sqrt{8}} \approx 2.61313&lt;/math&gt;

The chord ratio &lt;math&gt;r_3=1+\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt; is a geometrical proportion, the [[W:Silver ratio|silver ratio]]. Fontaine and Hurley's procedure for obtaining the reciprocal of a chord tells us that:

:&lt;math&gt;r_3-r_1-r_1=1/r_3 \approx 0.41421&lt;/math&gt;

Note that &lt;math&gt;1/r_3=\sqrt{2}-1=r_3-2&lt;/math&gt;.

If we embed this planar octagon in 3-space, we can make it skew, repositioning its vertices so that each is one unit-edge length distant from three others instead of two others, at the vertices of a unit-edge cube with chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=1, r_2=\sqrt{2}, r_3=\sqrt{3}, r_4=\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;

If we embed this cube in 4-space, we can skew it some more, repositioning its vertices so that each is one unit-edge length distant from six others instead of three others, at the vertices of a unit-edge 4-polytope with chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=1,r_2=1,r_3=1,r_4=\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;

All of its chords except its long diameters are the same unit length as its edge. In fact they are its 24 edges, and it is a 16-cell of radius &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1/\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;.

[[File:octagon16cell.png|thumb|Orthogonal projection of a regular 16-cell to the [[16-cell#Projections|B&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; Coxeter plane]]. Only its edges are shown; its long diameter chords are not drawn. All 24 edges are the same length. Only the edges of the two disjoint squares lie parallel to the projection plane, in completely orthogonal central planes.]]

The [[16-cell]] is the [[W:Regular convex 4-polytope|regular convex 4-polytope]] with [[W:Schläfli symbol|Schläfli symbol]] {3,3,4}. It has 8 vertices, 24 edges, 32 equilateral triangle faces, and 16 regular tetrahedron cells. It is the [[16-cell#Octahedral dipyramid|four-dimensional analogue of the octahedron]], and each of its four orthogonal central hyperplanes is an octahedron.

The only planar regular polygons found in the 16-cell are face triangles and central plane squares, but the 16-cell also contains a skew regular octagon, its [[W:Petrie polygon|Petrie polygon]]. The chords of this regular octagon, which lies skew in 4-space, are those given above for the 16-cell, as opposed to those for the cube or the regular octagon in the plane. The 16-cell is a construct of 3 Petrie octagons which share the same 8 vertices but have disjoint sets of 8 edges each.

The regular octad has higher symmetry in 4-space than it does in 2-space. The 16-cell is the 4-orthoplex, the simplest regular 4-polytope after the [[5-cell|4-simplex]]. All the larger regular convex 4-polytopes are compounds of the 16-cell. The regular octagon exhibits this high symmetry only when embedded in 4-space at the vertices of the 16-cell.

The 16-cell constitutes an [[W:Orthonormal basis|orthonormal basis]] for the choice of a 4-dimensional Cartesian reference frame, because its vertices define four orthogonal axes. The eight vertices of a unit-radius 16-cell are (±1, 0, 0, 0), (0, ±1, 0, 0), (0, 0, ±1, 0), (0, 0, 0, ±1). All vertices are connected by &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; edges except opposite pairs. 

The vertex coordinates of the 16-cell form 6 central squares lying in 6 pairwise [[W:Orthogonal|orthogonal]] coordinate planes. Great squares in ''opposite'' planes that do not share an axis (e.g. in the ''xy'' and ''wz'' planes) are completely disjoint (they do not intersect at any vertices). These planes are [[W:Completely orthogonal|completely orthogonal]].{{Efn|name=Six orthogonal planes of the Cartesian basis}}

Since this unit-radius coordinate system is convenient, let us derive the unit-radius 16-cell by skewing a unit-radius planar octagon, which has chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=\sqrt{2-\sqrt{2}} \approx 0.76537,r_2=\sqrt{2},r_3=\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}} \approx 1.84776,r_4=2&lt;/math&gt;

We will need a planar octagon with rigid &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; chords, rather than one with rigid &lt;math&gt;r_1&lt;/math&gt; edges. The octagon's &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; chords form two disjoint great squares, visible in the orthogonal projection, which we can reposition in 3-space to form a cube by making them parallel, and in 4-space to form a 16-cell by making them completely orthogonal.

In the 16-cell the two completely orthogonal great squares formed by the &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; chords are both parallel and perpendicular to each other. A ''simple'' rotation of the 16-cell in ''one'' of those two central planes rotates that square like a wheel, while the other square does not move. The four vertices of the rotating square orbit on a great circle in the plane.

The &lt;math&gt;r_1&lt;/math&gt; chords of the 16-cell form a Petrie polygon which zig-zags back and forth between the two completely orthogonal &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; squares.

The &lt;math&gt;r_3&lt;/math&gt; chords of the 16-cell form a circular helix, visible as a skew {8/3} octagram in the orthogonal projection. A ''double'' rotation of the 16-cell, in ''both'' of the two completely orthogonal &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; square planes at once by the same angle, moves the eight vertices along the circular helix over the &lt;math&gt;r_3&lt;/math&gt; chords. The circular helix is a [[w:Geodesic|geodesic]] great circle on the 3-sphere of a special kind: it does not lie in a central plane, its circumference is &lt;math&gt;4 \pi&lt;/math&gt;, and it occurs in either a left or right chiral form. We shall refer to the circular helix geodesic as an ''isocline'', and to the skew {8/3} octagram of its chords as a ''Clifford polygon''.

[[W:Rotations in 4-dimensional Euclidean space|Rotations in 4-dimensional Euclidean space]] can be seen as the composition of two 2-dimensional rotations in completely orthogonal planes. The general rotation in 4-space is a double rotation in pairs of completely orthogonal planes. Two completely orthogonal planes are called invariant planes of the rotation when all points in the plane rotate on circles that remain in the plane, even as the whole plane tilts sideways (like a coin flipping) into another plane. The two completely orthogonal rotations of each plane (like a wheel, and like a coin flipping) are simultaneous but independent, in that they are not geometrically constrained to turn at the same rate. However, the most circular kind of rotation (as opposed to an elliptical double rotation of a rigid spherical object) occurs when the invariant planes do rotate through the same angle in the same time interval. Such equi-angled double rotations are called [[w:SO(4)#Isoclinic_rotations|isoclinic]], also [[w:William_Kingdon_Clifford|Clifford]] displacements.

The 16-cell is the simplest possible frame in which to [[16-cell#Rotations|observe 4-dimensional rotations]] because its characteristic rotations feature a single pair of invariant rotation planes. In the 16-cell an isoclinic rotation by 90° in any pair of invariant completely orthogonal square central planes takes every square central plane to its completely orthogonal square central plane in a twisting displacement, as they tilt sideways 90° into each other's plane while rotating 90° internally. All the vertices move at once on the same circular helix geodesic isocline, displaced 90° in 8 orthogonal directions, and the rigid 16-cell assumes a new orientation in 4-space. When the 90° isoclinic rotation is continued in the same rotational direction through an additional 90°, each vertex is again displaced 90°, but from the new orientation in a direction orthogonal to its first 90° displacement. After 360° of rotation each vertex reaches its antipodal position.

The trajectory of each vertex over each 90° isoclinic rotational displacement is a one-eighth segment of its geodesic orbit. Its entire orbit traces a circular helix isocline in 4-space over eight &lt;math&gt;r_3&lt;/math&gt; chords, and also traces an ordinary great circle twice over the four &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; chords within one of the two moving invariant rotation planes. In the course of a 720° isoclinic rotation each vertex departs from all 8 vertex positions just once and returns to its original position, and the 16-cell returns to its original orientation.

== Hypercubes ==
The long diameter of the unit-edge [[W:Hypercube|hypercube]] of dimension &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; is &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{n}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;, so the unit-edge [[w:Tesseract|4-hypercube, the 16-point (8-cell) tesseract,]] has chords:
:&lt;math&gt;r_1=\sqrt{1},r_2=\sqrt{2},r_3=\sqrt{3},r_4=\sqrt{4}&lt;/math&gt;
Uniquely in its 4-dimensional case, the hypercube's edge length equals its radius, like the hexagon. We call such polytopes ''radially equilateral'', because they can be constructed from equilateral triangles which meet at their center, each contributing two radii and an edge. The cuboctahedron and the 24-cell are also radially equilateral.

The [[W:Tesseract|tesseract]] is the [[W:Regular convex 4-polytope|regular convex 4-polytope]] with [[W:Schläfli symbol|Schläfli symbol]] {4,3,3}. It has 16 vertices, 32 edges, 24 square faces, and 8 cube cells. It is the four-dimensional analogue of the cube.

The 16-point tesseract is the convex hull of a compound of two 8-point 16-cells, in exact dimensional analogy to the way the 8-point cube is the convex hull of a [[W:Stellated octahedron|compound of two 4-point regular tetrahedra]]. The [[W:Demihypercube|demihypercubes]] occupy alternate vertices of the hypercubes. The diagonals of the square faces of the unit-edge, unit-radius tesseract are the &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; edges of two unit-radius 16-cells, also the edges of the square central planes.

We can rotate the tesseract isoclinically the way we rotated the 16-cell, by 90° in two completely orthogonal invariant square central planes, with the same effect on both alternate-position 16-cells. In the course of a 720° isoclinic rotation in invariant square central planes each vertex departs from all 8 vertex positions of its 16-cell just once and returns to its original position, but it does not visit the vertex positions of the other 16-cell. The skew octagon geodesic orbits of the 16 vertices lie on two disjoint octagram circular helix isoclines of the same chirality, which are [[w:Clifford_parallel|Clifford parallel]] objects that form a circular double helix.

The tesseract is the [[W:Dual polytope|dual polytope]] of the 16-cell. They have the same Petrie polygon, the regular skew octagon, but the tesseract is a construct of 4 Petrie octagons which share its 16 vertices pairwise but have disjoint sets of 8 tesseract edges each.

We can construct the tesseract by skewing two planar octagons. Because the tesseract is radially equilateral (unlike the 16-cell), we use two octagons of unit-edge length to build the unit-radius tesseract. To start we embed the planar octagons in 4-space at the same point and make them completely orthogonal. Then we skew each planar octagon into a cube, so we have a compound of two completely orthogonal cubes. Provided we skewed them both in the same rotational direction, the 16 vertices will be the vertices of a tesseract with half its 32 edges missing.

Because the tesseract contains two 16-cells in alternate positions it has two sets of 6 orthogonal square central planes. Two angles are required to specify the relationship between two planes in 4-space. Pairs of square central planes within each 16-cell are 90° apart in one angle, and either 0° or 90° apart in the other angle. They are 90° apart in both angles if and only if they are completely orthogonal planes, 90° apart by isoclinic rotation, with no vertices in common. Otherwise they are 0° apart in one of the angles, 90° apart by simple rotation, and they intersect in one axis and lie in a common 3-dimensional hyperplane.{{Efn|A double rotation in which one of the two angles of rotation is 0°, so that one of the completely orthogonal invariant planes does not rotate, is called a simple rotation. Ordinary rotations observed in a 3-dimensional space are simple rotations.}}

A pair of square central planes from alternate-position 16-cells are 60° apart by isoclinic rotation, with their corresponding vertices 120° apart. The planes are not orthogonal or parallel, so they intersect in a line somewhere, but they have no vertices in common, they have no 3-dimensional hyperplane in common, and they cannot reach each other by simple rotation. Such pairs of objects are called [[W:Clifford parallel|Clifford parallel]] because all their corresponding pairs of vertices are the same distance apart, although they are not parallel in the usual sense, because they have a common center. Not only the alternate-position 16-cells' corresponding square central planes, but also the 16-cells themselves, are Clifford parallel objects. More generally, multiple disjoint instances of a 4-polytope which compound to make a larger 4-polytope are Clifford parallel objects.

== The 24-cell ==
In 2-space we have the radially equilateral 6-point hexagon. In 3-space we have the radially equilateral 12-point cuboctahedron, with 4 hexagonal central planes. In 4-space we have the radially equilateral 24-point 24-cell, with 4 cuboctahedron central hyperplanes and 16 hexagonal central planes.

The [[24-cell]] is the regular convex 4-polytope with Schläfli symbol {3,4,3}. It has 24 vertices, 96 edges, 96 equilateral triangle faces, and 24 octahedron cells. It is the four-dimensional analogue of the cuboctahedron.

...

Great hexagons are a rounder choice than great squares for the invariant rotation planes in which to rotate a 4-polytope isoclinically. The complete hexagonal isoclinic revolution requires 720° like the square isoclinic revolution, but it is completed in 6 chordal steps of 120° each rather than 8 chordal steps of 90° each.

...

== The 600-cell ==

...

== Finally the 120-cell ==

...

== Conclusions ==

Fontaine and Hurley's discovery is more than a formula for the reciprocal of a regular ''n''-polygon diagonal. It also yields the discrete sequence of isocline chords of the distinct isoclinic rotation characteristic of a ''d''-dimensional regular polytope. The characteristic rotational chord sequence of the ''d''-polytope can be represented geometrically in two dimensions on a distinct star polygon, but it lies on a geodesic circle through ''d''-dimensional space. Fontaine and Hurley discovered the geodesic topology of polytopes generally. Their procedure will reveal the geodesics of arbitrary non-uniform polytopes, since it can be applied to a polytope of any dimensionality and irregularity, by first fitting the polytope to the smallest regular polygon whose chords include its chords.

Fontaine and Hurley's discovery of a chordal formula for isoclinic rotations closes the circuit on Kappraff and Adamson's discovery of a rotational connection between dynamical systems, Steinbach's golden fields, and Coxeter's Euclidean geometry of ''n'' dimensions. Application of the Fontaine and Hurley procedure in higher-dimensional spaces demonstrates why the connection exists: because polytope sequences generally, from Steinbach's golden polygon chord sequences, to chord sequences in isoclinic rotation helixes, to subsumption relations in the sequence of regular 4-polytopes, arise as expressions of the reflections and rotations of distinct Coxeter symmetry groups, when those various groups interact.

== Appendix: Sequence of regular 4-polytopes ==
{{Regular convex 4-polytopes|wiki=W:|columns=7}}

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== Citations ==
{{Reflist}}

== References ==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Cite journal | last=Steinbach | first=Peter | year=1997 | title=Golden fields: A case for the Heptagon | journal=Mathematics Magazine | volume=70 | issue=Feb 1997 | pages=22–31 | doi=10.1080/0025570X.1997.11996494 | jstor=2691048 | ref={{SfnRef|Steinbach|1997}} }}
* {{Cite journal | last=Steinbach | first=Peter | year=2000 | title=Sections Beyond Golden| journal=Bridges: Mathematical Connections in Art, Music and Science | issue=2000 | pages=35-44 | url=https://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2000/bridges2000-35.pdf | ref={{SfnRef|Steinbach|2000}}}}
* {{Cite journal | last1=Kappraff | first1=Jay | last2=Jablan | first2=Slavik | last3=Adamson | first3=Gary | last4=Sazdanovich | first4=Radmila | year=2004 | title=Golden Fields, Generalized Fibonacci Sequences, and Chaotic Matrices | journal=Forma | volume=19 | pages=367-387 | url=https://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2005/bridges2005-369.pdf | ref={{SfnRef|Kappraff, Jablan, Adamson &amp; Sazdanovich|2004}} }}
* {{Cite journal | last1=Kappraff | first1=Jay | last2=Adamson | first2=Gary | year=2004 | title=Polygons and Chaos | journal=Dynamical Systems and Geometric Theories | url=https://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2001/bridges2001-67.pdf | ref={{SfnRef|Kappraff &amp; Adamson|2004}} }}
* {{Cite journal | last1=Fontaine | first1=Anne | last2=Hurley | first2=Susan | year=2006 | title=Proof by Picture: Products and Reciprocals of Diagonal Length Ratios in the Regular Polygon | journal=Forum Geometricorum | volume=6 | pages=97-101 | url=https://scispace.com/pdf/proof-by-picture-products-and-reciprocals-of-diagonal-length-1aian8mgp9.pdf }}
{{Refend}}</text>
      <sha1>9p0rmftsuuqn9ab7iwr3wpp69c67dk9</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2809951</id>
      <parentid>2809950</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-17T20:36:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dc.samizdat</username>
        <id>2856930</id>
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      <comment>/* The 24-cell */</comment>
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      <text bytes="47516" sha1="lyvrgkyjkt27nd0euaykdrg2n7g8tiu" xml:space="preserve">{{align|center|David Brooks Christie}}
{{align|center|dc@samizdat.org}}
{{align|center|Draft in progress}}
{{align|center|January 2026 - April 2026}}

&lt;blockquote&gt;Steinbach discovered the formula for the ratios of diagonal to side in the regular polygons. Fontaine and Hurley extended this result, discovering a formula for the reciprocal of a regular polygon chord derived geometrically from the chord's star polygon. We observe that these findings in plane geometry apply more generally, to polytopes of any dimensionality. Fontaine and Hurley's geometric procedure for finding the reciprocals of the chords of a regular polygon from their star polygons also finds the rotational geodesics of any polytope of any dimensionality.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
== Introduction ==
Steinbach discovered the Diagonal Product Formula and the Golden Fields family of ratios of diagonal to side in the regular polygons. He showed how this family extends beyond the pentagon {5} with its well-known golden bisection proportional to 𝜙, finding that the heptagon {7} has an analogous trisection, the nonagon {9} has an analogous quadrasection, and the hendecagon {11} has an analogous pentasection, an extended family of golden proportions with quasiperiodic properties. 

Kappraff and Adamson extended these findings in plane geometry to a theory of Generalized Fibonacci Sequences, showing that the Golden Fields not only do not end with the hendecagon, they form an infinite number of periodic trajectories when operated on by the Mandelbrot operator. They found a relation between the edges of star polygons and dynamical systems in the state of chaos, revealing a connection between chaos theory, number, and rotations in Coxeter Euclidean geometry. 

Fontaine and Hurley examined Steinbach's finding that the length of each chord of a regular polygon is both the product of two chords and the sum of a set of smaller chords, so that in rotations to add is to multiply. They illustrated Steinbach's sets of additive chords lying parallel to each other in the plane (pointing in the same direction), and by applying Steinbach's formula more generally they found another summation relation of signed parallel chords (pointing in opposite directions) which relates each chord length to its reciprocal, and relates the summation to a distinct star polygon rotation. 

We examine these remarkable findings (which stem from study of the chords of humble regular polygons) in higher-dimensional spaces, specifically in the chords, polygons and rotations of the [[120-cell]], the largest four-dimensional regular convex polytope.

== Visualizing the 120-cell ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable floatright&quot; width=&quot;400&quot;
|style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot;|[[File:120-cell.gif|200px]]&lt;br&gt;Orthographic projection of the 600-point 120-cell &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\{5,3,3\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; performing a [[W:SO(4)#Geometry of 4D rotations|simple rotation]].{{Sfn|Hise|2011|loc=File:120-cell.gif|ps=; &quot;Created by Jason Hise with Maya and Macromedia Fireworks. A 3D projection of a 120-cell performing a [[W:SO(4)#Geometry of 4D rotations|simple rotation]].&quot;}} In this simplified rendering only the 120-cell's own edges are shown; its 29 interior chords are not rendered. Therefore even though it is translucent, only its outer surface is visible. The complex interior parts of the 120-cell, all its inscribed 5-cells, 16-cells, 8-cells, 24-cells, 600-cells and its much larger inventory of polyhedra, are completely invisible in this view, as none of their edges are rendered at all.
|style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot;|[[File:Ortho solid 016-uniform polychoron p33-t0.png|200px]]&lt;br&gt;Orthographic projection of the 600-point [[W:Great grand stellated 120-cell|great grand stellated 120-cell]] &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\{\tfrac{5}{2},3,3\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;.{{Sfn|Ruen: Great grand stellated 120-cell|2007}} The 120-cell is its convex hull. The projection to the left renders only the 120-cell's shortest chord, its 1200 edges. The projection above also renders only one of the 120-cell's 30 chords, the edges of its 120 inscribed regular 5-cells. The 120-cell itself (the convex hull) is invisible in this view, as its edges are not rendered.
|}

[[120-cell#Geometry|The 120-cell is the maximally complex regular 4-polytope]], containing inscribed instances of every regular 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-polytope, except the regular polygons of more than {15} sides. 

The 120-cell is the convex hull of a regular [[120-cell#Relationships among interior polytopes|compound of each of the 6 regular convex 4-polytopes]]. They are the [[5-cell|5-point (5-cell) 4-simplex]], the [[16-cell|8-point (16-cell) 4-orthoplex]], the [[W:Tesseract|16-point (8-cell) tesseract]], the [[24-cell|24-point (24-cell)]], the [[600-cell|120-point (600-cell)]], and the [[120-cell|600-point (120-cell)]]. The 120-cell is the convex hull of a compound of 120 disjoint regular 5-cells, of 75 disjoint 16-cells, of 25 disjoint 24-cells, and of 5 disjoint 600-cells.

The 120-cell contains an even larger inventory of irregular polytopes, created by the intersection of multiple instances of these component regular 4-polytopes. Many are quite unexpected, because they do not occur as components of any regular polytope smaller than the 120-cell. As just one example among the [[120-cell#Concentric hulls|sections of the 120-cell]], there is an irregular 24-point polyhedron with 16 triangle faces and 4 nonagon {9} faces.{{Sfn|Moxness|}}

Most renderings of the 120-cell, like the rotating projection here, only illustrate its outer surface, which is a honeycomb of face-bonded dodecahedral cells. Only the objects in its 3-dimensional surface are rendered, namely the 120 dodecahedra, their pentagon faces, and their edges. Although the 120-cell has chords of 30 distinct lengths, in this kind of simplified rendering only the 120-cell's own edges (its shortest chord) are shown. Its 29 interior chords, the edges of objects in the interior of the 120-cell, are not rendered, so interior objects are not visible at all.

Visualizing the complete interior of the 600-vertex 120-cell in a single image is impractical because of its complexity. Only four 120-cell edges are incident at each vertex, but [[120-cell#Chords|600 chords (of all 30 lengths)]] are incident at ''each'' vertex.

== Compounds in the 120-cell ==
The 8-point (16-cell), not the 5-point (5-cell), is the smallest building block; it compounds to every larger regular 4-polytope. The 5-point (5-cell) does compound to the 600-point (120-cell), but it does not fit into any smaller regular 4-polytope. 

The 8-point (16-cell) compounds by 2 in the 16-point (8-cell), and by 3 in the 24-point (24-cell). The 16-point (8-cell) compounds in the 24-point (24-cell) by 3 non-disjoint instances of itself, with each of the 24 vertices shared by two 16-point (8-cells). The 24-point (24-cell) compounds by 5 disjoint instances of itself in the 120-point (600-cell), and the 120-point (600-cell) compounds by 5 disjoint instances of itself in the 600-point (120-cell).

The 24-point (24-cell) also compounds by &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; non-disjoint instances of itself in the 120-point (600-cell); it compounds in 5 disjoint instances of itself, 10 (not 5) different ways. Whichever set of 5 disjoint 24-point (24-cells) are assembled, the resulting 120-point (600-cell) contains 25 distinct 24-point (24-cells), not just 5 (or 10). This implies that 15 disjoint 8-point (16-cells) will construct a 120-point (600-cell), which will contain 75 distinct 8-point (16-cells). 

The 600-point (120-cell) is 5 disjoint 120-point (600-cells), just 2 different ways (not 5 or 10 ways), so it is 10 distinct 120-point (600-cells). This implies that the 8-point (16-cell) compounds by 3 times &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; (75) disjoint instances of itself in the 600-point (120-cell), which contains &lt;math&gt;3^2&lt;/math&gt; times  &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; (225) distinct instances of the 24-point (24-cell), and  &lt;math&gt;3^3&lt;/math&gt; times &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; (675) distinct instances of the 8-point (16-cell). 

These facts were discovered painstakingly by various researchers, and no one has found a general rule governing subsumption relations among regular polytopes. The reasons for some of their numeric incidence relations are far from obvious. [[W:Pieter Hendrik Schoute|Schoute]] was the first to see that the 120-point (600-cell) is a compound of 5 24-point (24-cells) ''10 different ways'', and after he saw it a hundred years lapsed until Denney, Hooker, Johnson, Robinson, Butler &amp; Claiborne proved his result, and showed why.{{Sfn|Denney, Hooker, Johnson, Robinson, Butler &amp; Claiborne|2020|loc=''The geometry of H4 polytopes''}}

So much for the compounds of 16-cells. The 120-cell is also the convex hull of the compound of 120 disjoint regular 5-cells. That stellated compound (without its convex hull of 120-cell edges) is the [[w:Great_grand_stellated_120-cell|great grand stellated 120-cell]] illustrated above, the final regular [[W:Stellation|stellation]] of the 120-cell, and the only [[W:Schläfli-Hess polychoron|regular star 4-polytope]] to have the 120-cell for its convex hull. The edges of the great grand stellated 120-cell are &lt;math&gt;\phi^6&lt;/math&gt; as long as those of its 120-cell [[W:List of polyhedral stellations#Stellation process|stellation core]] deep inside.

The compound of 120 disjoint 5-point (5-cells) can be seen to be equivalent to the compound of 5 disjoint 120-point (600-cells), as follows. Beginning with a single 120-point (600-cell), expand each vertex into a regular 5-cell, by adding 4 new equidistant vertices, such that the 5 vertices form a regular 5-cell inscribed in the 3-sphere. The 120 5-cells are disjoint, and the 600 vertices form 5 disjoint 120-point (600-cells): a 120-cell.

== Thirty distinguished distances ==
The 30 numbers listed in the table are all-important in Euclidean geometry. A case can be made on symmetry grounds that their squares are the 30 most important numbers between 0 and 4. The 30 rows of the table are the 30 distinct [[120-cell#Geodesic rectangles|chord lengths of the unit-radius 120-cell]], the largest regular convex 4-polytope. Since the 120-cell subsumes all smaller regular polytopes, its 30 chords are the complete chord set of all the regular polytopes that can be constructed in the first four dimensions of Euclidean space, except for regular polygons of more than 15 sides.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center&quot;
!rowspan=2|&lt;math&gt;c_t&lt;/math&gt;
!rowspan=2|arc
!rowspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{n}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
!rowspan=2|&lt;math&gt;\left\{p\right\}&lt;/math&gt;
!rowspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;m\left\{\frac{k}{d}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
!rowspan=2|Steinbach roots
!colspan=7|Chord lengths of the unit 120-cell
|-
!colspan=5|unit-radius length &lt;math&gt;c_t&lt;/math&gt;
!colspan=2|unit-edge length &lt;math&gt;c_t/c_1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;br&gt;in 120-cell of radius &lt;math&gt;c_8=\sqrt{2}\phi^2&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{1,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;15.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{30\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{30\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{4,1}-c_{2,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7-3 \sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.270091&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2} \phi ^2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2 \phi ^4}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.072949}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{2,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;25.2{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{2}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \left\{15\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(c_{18,1}-c_{4,1}\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{3-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.437016&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2} \phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2 \phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.190983}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.61803&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{3,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;36{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{10\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3 \left\{\frac{10}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(\sqrt{5}-1\right) c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(\sqrt{5}-1\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.618034&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.381966}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.28825&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{4,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;41.4{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{c_{8,1}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.707107&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.61803&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{5,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;44.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{4}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \left\{\frac{15}{2}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} c_{2,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{9-3 \sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.756934&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}}{\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2 \phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.572949}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} \phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.80252&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{6,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;49.1{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{17}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{5-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{5-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.831254&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi }}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.690983}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi ^3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.07768&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{7,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;56.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{20}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{\phi }} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.93913&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{\frac{\psi }{\phi }}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\psi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.881966}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\psi  \phi ^3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.47709&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;60{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{5}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{6\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{6\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.70246&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{9,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;66.1{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{40}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{2 \phi }} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.09132&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{\frac{\chi }{\phi }}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\chi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.19098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\chi  \phi ^3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.04057&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{10,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;69.8{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{11}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi  c_{4,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2 \sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.14412&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\phi }{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\phi ^2}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.30902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^3&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.23607&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{11,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;72{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{6}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{5\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{5\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi }} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.17557&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3-\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3-\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.38197}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \sqrt{3-\phi } \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.3525&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{12,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;75.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{24}{5}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.22474&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.53457&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{13,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;81.1{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{13}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{9-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{9-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.30038&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{9-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(9-\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.69098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(9-\sqrt{5}\right)} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.8146&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{14,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;84.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{40}{9}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi } c_{8,1}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{1+\sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.345&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi }}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{5} \phi }{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.80902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi ^5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.9798&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{15,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;90.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{4\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{4\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 c_{4,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.41421&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.23607&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{16,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;95.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{29}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{11-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.4802&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(11-\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.19098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(11-\sqrt{5}\right)} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.48037&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{17,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;98.9{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{31}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7+\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{7+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.51954&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{7+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(7+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.30902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\psi  \phi ^5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.62605&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{18,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;104.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{8}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{15}{4}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.58114&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{5} \sqrt{\phi ^4}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.8541&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{19,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;108.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{9}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{10}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{3,1}+c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(1+\sqrt{5}\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.61803&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1+\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.61803}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \phi ^3&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.9907&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{20,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;110.2{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{13-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.64042&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(13-\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.69098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\phi ^2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.07359&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{21,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;113.9{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{19}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.67601&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.80902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\frac{\chi }{\phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.20537&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{22,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;120{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{10}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{3\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{3\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.73205&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{6} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.41285&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{23,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;124.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{41}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi }+\frac{5}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.7658&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4-\frac{\psi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4-\frac{\psi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.11803}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\chi  \phi ^5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.53779&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{24,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;130.9{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{20}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{11+\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.81907&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(11+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.30902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\frac{\sqrt{5}}{\phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.73503&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{25,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;135.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{11}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{11}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7+3 \sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7+3 \sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.85123&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\phi ^2}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\phi ^4}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.42705}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^4&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.8541&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{26,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;138.6{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{12}{5}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.87083&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{7} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.92667&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{27,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;144{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{12}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{5}{2}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(5+\sqrt{5}\right)} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(5+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.90211&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\phi +2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2+\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.61803}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{2 \phi +4}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.0425&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{28,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;154.8{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{13}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{13}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{13+\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.95167&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(13+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.80902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\frac{1}{\phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.22598&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{29,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;164.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{14}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{15}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi  c_{12,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{\frac{3}{2}} \left(1+\sqrt{5}\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.98168&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}} \phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3 \phi ^2}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.92705}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} \phi ^3&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.33708&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{30,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;180{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{15}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{2\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{2\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \sqrt{2} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.40492&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|rowspan=4 colspan=6|
|rowspan=4 colspan=4|
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; is the golden ratio:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2-\phi -1=0&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\phi }+1=\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;, and: &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi+1=\phi^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\phi }::1::\phi ::\phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1/\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; and &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; are the golden sections of &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi +\frac{1}{\phi }=\sqrt{5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi = (\sqrt{5} + 1)/2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.618034&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\chi = (3\sqrt{5} + 1)/2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.854102&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\psi = (3\sqrt{5} - 1)/2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.854102&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\psi = 11/\chi = 22/(3\sqrt{5} + 1)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.854102&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|}

...

== The 8-point regular polytopes ==
In 2-space we have the regular 8-point octagon, in 3-space the regular 8-point cube, and in 4-space the regular 8-point [[16-cell]].

A planar octagon with rigid edges of unit length has chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=1,r_2=\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}} \approx 1.84776,r_3=1+\sqrt{2} \approx 2.41421,r_4=\sqrt{4 + \sqrt{8}} \approx 2.61313&lt;/math&gt;

The chord ratio &lt;math&gt;r_3=1+\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt; is a geometrical proportion, the [[W:Silver ratio|silver ratio]]. Fontaine and Hurley's procedure for obtaining the reciprocal of a chord tells us that:

:&lt;math&gt;r_3-r_1-r_1=1/r_3 \approx 0.41421&lt;/math&gt;

Note that &lt;math&gt;1/r_3=\sqrt{2}-1=r_3-2&lt;/math&gt;.

If we embed this planar octagon in 3-space, we can make it skew, repositioning its vertices so that each is one unit-edge length distant from three others instead of two others, at the vertices of a unit-edge cube with chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=1, r_2=\sqrt{2}, r_3=\sqrt{3}, r_4=\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;

If we embed this cube in 4-space, we can skew it some more, repositioning its vertices so that each is one unit-edge length distant from six others instead of three others, at the vertices of a unit-edge 4-polytope with chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=1,r_2=1,r_3=1,r_4=\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;

All of its chords except its long diameters are the same unit length as its edge. In fact they are its 24 edges, and it is a 16-cell of radius &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1/\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;.

[[File:octagon16cell.png|thumb|Orthogonal projection of a regular 16-cell to the [[16-cell#Projections|B&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; Coxeter plane]]. Only its edges are shown; its long diameter chords are not drawn. All 24 edges are the same length. Only the edges of the two disjoint squares lie parallel to the projection plane, in completely orthogonal central planes.]]

The [[16-cell]] is the [[W:Regular convex 4-polytope|regular convex 4-polytope]] with [[W:Schläfli symbol|Schläfli symbol]] {3,3,4}. It has 8 vertices, 24 edges, 32 equilateral triangle faces, and 16 regular tetrahedron cells. It is the [[16-cell#Octahedral dipyramid|four-dimensional analogue of the octahedron]], and each of its four orthogonal central hyperplanes is an octahedron.

The only planar regular polygons found in the 16-cell are face triangles and central plane squares, but the 16-cell also contains a skew regular octagon, its [[W:Petrie polygon|Petrie polygon]]. The chords of this regular octagon, which lies skew in 4-space, are those given above for the 16-cell, as opposed to those for the cube or the regular octagon in the plane. The 16-cell is a construct of 3 Petrie octagons which share the same 8 vertices but have disjoint sets of 8 edges each.

The regular octad has higher symmetry in 4-space than it does in 2-space. The 16-cell is the 4-orthoplex, the simplest regular 4-polytope after the [[5-cell|4-simplex]]. All the larger regular convex 4-polytopes are compounds of the 16-cell. The regular octagon exhibits this high symmetry only when embedded in 4-space at the vertices of the 16-cell.

The 16-cell constitutes an [[W:Orthonormal basis|orthonormal basis]] for the choice of a 4-dimensional Cartesian reference frame, because its vertices define four orthogonal axes. The eight vertices of a unit-radius 16-cell are (±1, 0, 0, 0), (0, ±1, 0, 0), (0, 0, ±1, 0), (0, 0, 0, ±1). All vertices are connected by &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; edges except opposite pairs. 

The vertex coordinates of the 16-cell form 6 central squares lying in 6 pairwise [[W:Orthogonal|orthogonal]] coordinate planes. Great squares in ''opposite'' planes that do not share an axis (e.g. in the ''xy'' and ''wz'' planes) are completely disjoint (they do not intersect at any vertices). These planes are [[W:Completely orthogonal|completely orthogonal]].{{Efn|name=Six orthogonal planes of the Cartesian basis}}

Since this unit-radius coordinate system is convenient, let us derive the unit-radius 16-cell by skewing a unit-radius planar octagon, which has chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=\sqrt{2-\sqrt{2}} \approx 0.76537,r_2=\sqrt{2},r_3=\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}} \approx 1.84776,r_4=2&lt;/math&gt;

We will need a planar octagon with rigid &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; chords, rather than one with rigid &lt;math&gt;r_1&lt;/math&gt; edges. The octagon's &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; chords form two disjoint great squares, visible in the orthogonal projection, which we can reposition in 3-space to form a cube by making them parallel, and in 4-space to form a 16-cell by making them completely orthogonal.

In the 16-cell the two completely orthogonal great squares formed by the &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; chords are both parallel and perpendicular to each other. A ''simple'' rotation of the 16-cell in ''one'' of those two central planes rotates that square like a wheel, while the other square does not move. The four vertices of the rotating square orbit on a great circle in the plane.

The &lt;math&gt;r_1&lt;/math&gt; chords of the 16-cell form a Petrie polygon which zig-zags back and forth between the two completely orthogonal &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; squares.

The &lt;math&gt;r_3&lt;/math&gt; chords of the 16-cell form a circular helix, visible as a skew {8/3} octagram in the orthogonal projection. A ''double'' rotation of the 16-cell, in ''both'' of the two completely orthogonal &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; square planes at once by the same angle, moves the eight vertices along the circular helix over the &lt;math&gt;r_3&lt;/math&gt; chords. The circular helix is a [[w:Geodesic|geodesic]] great circle on the 3-sphere of a special kind: it does not lie in a central plane, its circumference is &lt;math&gt;4 \pi&lt;/math&gt;, and it occurs in either a left or right chiral form. We shall refer to the circular helix geodesic as an ''isocline'', and to the skew {8/3} octagram of its chords as a ''Clifford polygon''.

[[W:Rotations in 4-dimensional Euclidean space|Rotations in 4-dimensional Euclidean space]] can be seen as the composition of two 2-dimensional rotations in completely orthogonal planes. The general rotation in 4-space is a double rotation in pairs of completely orthogonal planes. Two completely orthogonal planes are called invariant planes of the rotation when all points in the plane rotate on circles that remain in the plane, even as the whole plane tilts sideways (like a coin flipping) into another plane. The two completely orthogonal rotations of each plane (like a wheel, and like a coin flipping) are simultaneous but independent, in that they are not geometrically constrained to turn at the same rate. However, the most circular kind of rotation (as opposed to an elliptical double rotation of a rigid spherical object) occurs when the invariant planes do rotate through the same angle in the same time interval. Such equi-angled double rotations are called [[w:SO(4)#Isoclinic_rotations|isoclinic]], also [[w:William_Kingdon_Clifford|Clifford]] displacements.

The 16-cell is the simplest possible frame in which to [[16-cell#Rotations|observe 4-dimensional rotations]] because its characteristic rotations feature a single pair of invariant rotation planes. In the 16-cell an isoclinic rotation by 90° in any pair of invariant completely orthogonal square central planes takes every square central plane to its completely orthogonal square central plane in a twisting displacement, as they tilt sideways 90° into each other's plane while rotating 90° internally. All the vertices move at once on the same circular helix geodesic isocline, displaced 90° in 8 orthogonal directions, and the rigid 16-cell assumes a new orientation in 4-space. When the 90° isoclinic rotation is continued in the same rotational direction through an additional 90°, each vertex is again displaced 90°, but from the new orientation in a direction orthogonal to its first 90° displacement. After 360° of rotation each vertex reaches its antipodal position.

The trajectory of each vertex over each 90° isoclinic rotational displacement is a one-eighth segment of its geodesic orbit. Its entire orbit traces a circular helix isocline in 4-space over eight &lt;math&gt;r_3&lt;/math&gt; chords, and also traces an ordinary great circle twice over the four &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; chords within one of the two moving invariant rotation planes. In the course of a 720° isoclinic rotation each vertex departs from all 8 vertex positions just once and returns to its original position, and the 16-cell returns to its original orientation.

== Hypercubes ==
The long diameter of the unit-edge [[W:Hypercube|hypercube]] of dimension &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; is &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{n}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;, so the unit-edge [[w:Tesseract|4-hypercube, the 16-point (8-cell) tesseract,]] has chords:
:&lt;math&gt;r_1=\sqrt{1},r_2=\sqrt{2},r_3=\sqrt{3},r_4=\sqrt{4}&lt;/math&gt;
Uniquely in its 4-dimensional case, the hypercube's edge length equals its radius, like the hexagon. We call such polytopes ''radially equilateral'', because they can be constructed from equilateral triangles which meet at their center, each contributing two radii and an edge. The cuboctahedron and the 24-cell are also radially equilateral.

The [[W:Tesseract|tesseract]] is the [[W:Regular convex 4-polytope|regular convex 4-polytope]] with [[W:Schläfli symbol|Schläfli symbol]] {4,3,3}. It has 16 vertices, 32 edges, 24 square faces, and 8 cube cells. It is the four-dimensional analogue of the cube.

The 16-point tesseract is the convex hull of a compound of two 8-point 16-cells, in exact dimensional analogy to the way the 8-point cube is the convex hull of a [[W:Stellated octahedron|compound of two 4-point regular tetrahedra]]. The [[W:Demihypercube|demihypercubes]] occupy alternate vertices of the hypercubes. The diagonals of the square faces of the unit-edge, unit-radius tesseract are the &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; edges of two unit-radius 16-cells, also the edges of the square central planes.

We can rotate the tesseract isoclinically the way we rotated the 16-cell, by 90° in two completely orthogonal invariant square central planes, with the same effect on both alternate-position 16-cells. In the course of a 720° isoclinic rotation in invariant square central planes each vertex departs from all 8 vertex positions of its 16-cell just once and returns to its original position, but it does not visit the vertex positions of the other 16-cell. The skew octagon geodesic orbits of the 16 vertices lie on two disjoint octagram circular helix isoclines of the same chirality, which are [[w:Clifford_parallel|Clifford parallel]] objects that form a circular double helix.

The tesseract is the [[W:Dual polytope|dual polytope]] of the 16-cell. They have the same Petrie polygon, the regular skew octagon, but the tesseract is a construct of 4 Petrie octagons which share its 16 vertices pairwise but have disjoint sets of 8 tesseract edges each.

We can construct the tesseract by skewing two planar octagons. Because the tesseract is radially equilateral (unlike the 16-cell), we use two octagons of unit-edge length to build the unit-radius tesseract. To start we embed the planar octagons in 4-space at the same point and make them completely orthogonal. Then we skew each planar octagon into a cube, so we have a compound of two completely orthogonal cubes. Provided we skewed them both in the same rotational direction, the 16 vertices will be the vertices of a tesseract with half its 32 edges missing.

Because the tesseract contains two 16-cells in alternate positions it has two sets of 6 orthogonal square central planes. Two angles are required to specify the relationship between two planes in 4-space. Pairs of square central planes within each 16-cell are 90° apart in one angle, and either 0° or 90° apart in the other angle. They are 90° apart in both angles if and only if they are completely orthogonal planes, 90° apart by isoclinic rotation, with no vertices in common. Otherwise they are 0° apart in one of the angles, 90° apart by simple rotation, and they intersect in one axis and lie in a common 3-dimensional hyperplane.{{Efn|A double rotation in which one of the two angles of rotation is 0°, so that one of the completely orthogonal invariant planes does not rotate, is called a simple rotation. Ordinary rotations observed in a 3-dimensional space are simple rotations.}}

A pair of square central planes from alternate-position 16-cells are 60° apart by isoclinic rotation, with their corresponding vertices 120° apart. The planes are not orthogonal or parallel, so they intersect in a line somewhere, but they have no vertices in common, they have no 3-dimensional hyperplane in common, and they cannot reach each other by simple rotation. Such pairs of objects are called [[W:Clifford parallel|Clifford parallel]] because all their corresponding pairs of vertices are the same distance apart, although they are not parallel in the usual sense, because they have a common center. Not only the alternate-position 16-cells' corresponding square central planes, but also the 16-cells themselves, are Clifford parallel objects. More generally, multiple disjoint instances of a 4-polytope which compound to make a larger 4-polytope are Clifford parallel objects.

== The 24-cell ==
In 2-space we have the radially equilateral 6-point hexagon. In 3-space we have the radially equilateral 12-point cuboctahedron, with 4 hexagonal central planes. In 4-space we have the radially equilateral 24-point 24-cell, with 4 cuboctahedron central hyperplanes and 16 hexagonal central planes.

The [[24-cell]] is the regular convex 4-polytope with Schläfli symbol {3,4,3}. It has 24 vertices, 96 edges, 96 equilateral triangle faces, and 24 octahedron cells. It is the four-dimensional analogue of the cuboctahedron.

...

Great hexagons are a rounder choice than great squares for the invariant rotation planes in which to rotate a 4-polytope. The complete hexagonal isoclinic revolution requires 720° like the square isoclinic revolution, but it is completed in 6 chordal steps of 120° each rather than 8 chordal steps of 90° each.

...

== The 600-cell ==

...

== Finally the 120-cell ==

...

== Conclusions ==

Fontaine and Hurley's discovery is more than a formula for the reciprocal of a regular ''n''-polygon diagonal. It also yields the discrete sequence of isocline chords of the distinct isoclinic rotation characteristic of a ''d''-dimensional regular polytope. The characteristic rotational chord sequence of the ''d''-polytope can be represented geometrically in two dimensions on a distinct star polygon, but it lies on a geodesic circle through ''d''-dimensional space. Fontaine and Hurley discovered the geodesic topology of polytopes generally. Their procedure will reveal the geodesics of arbitrary non-uniform polytopes, since it can be applied to a polytope of any dimensionality and irregularity, by first fitting the polytope to the smallest regular polygon whose chords include its chords.

Fontaine and Hurley's discovery of a chordal formula for isoclinic rotations closes the circuit on Kappraff and Adamson's discovery of a rotational connection between dynamical systems, Steinbach's golden fields, and Coxeter's Euclidean geometry of ''n'' dimensions. Application of the Fontaine and Hurley procedure in higher-dimensional spaces demonstrates why the connection exists: because polytope sequences generally, from Steinbach's golden polygon chord sequences, to chord sequences in isoclinic rotation helixes, to subsumption relations in the sequence of regular 4-polytopes, arise as expressions of the reflections and rotations of distinct Coxeter symmetry groups, when those various groups interact.

== Appendix: Sequence of regular 4-polytopes ==
{{Regular convex 4-polytopes|wiki=W:|columns=7}}

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== Citations ==
{{Reflist}}

== References ==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Cite journal | last=Steinbach | first=Peter | year=1997 | title=Golden fields: A case for the Heptagon | journal=Mathematics Magazine | volume=70 | issue=Feb 1997 | pages=22–31 | doi=10.1080/0025570X.1997.11996494 | jstor=2691048 | ref={{SfnRef|Steinbach|1997}} }}
* {{Cite journal | last=Steinbach | first=Peter | year=2000 | title=Sections Beyond Golden| journal=Bridges: Mathematical Connections in Art, Music and Science | issue=2000 | pages=35-44 | url=https://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2000/bridges2000-35.pdf | ref={{SfnRef|Steinbach|2000}}}}
* {{Cite journal | last1=Kappraff | first1=Jay | last2=Jablan | first2=Slavik | last3=Adamson | first3=Gary | last4=Sazdanovich | first4=Radmila | year=2004 | title=Golden Fields, Generalized Fibonacci Sequences, and Chaotic Matrices | journal=Forma | volume=19 | pages=367-387 | url=https://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2005/bridges2005-369.pdf | ref={{SfnRef|Kappraff, Jablan, Adamson &amp; Sazdanovich|2004}} }}
* {{Cite journal | last1=Kappraff | first1=Jay | last2=Adamson | first2=Gary | year=2004 | title=Polygons and Chaos | journal=Dynamical Systems and Geometric Theories | url=https://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2001/bridges2001-67.pdf | ref={{SfnRef|Kappraff &amp; Adamson|2004}} }}
* {{Cite journal | last1=Fontaine | first1=Anne | last2=Hurley | first2=Susan | year=2006 | title=Proof by Picture: Products and Reciprocals of Diagonal Length Ratios in the Regular Polygon | journal=Forum Geometricorum | volume=6 | pages=97-101 | url=https://scispace.com/pdf/proof-by-picture-products-and-reciprocals-of-diagonal-length-1aian8mgp9.pdf }}
{{Refend}}</text>
      <sha1>lyvrgkyjkt27nd0euaykdrg2n7g8tiu</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>2809970</id>
      <parentid>2809951</parentid>
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        <username>Dc.samizdat</username>
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      <text bytes="48751" sha1="ofa1o57a769469mdijs1z2zzpktwfll" xml:space="preserve">{{align|center|David Brooks Christie}}
{{align|center|dc@samizdat.org}}
{{align|center|Draft in progress}}
{{align|center|January 2026 - April 2026}}

&lt;blockquote&gt;Steinbach discovered the formula for the ratios of diagonal to side in the regular polygons. Fontaine and Hurley extended this result, discovering a formula for the reciprocal of a regular polygon chord derived geometrically from the chord's star polygon. We observe that these findings in plane geometry apply more generally, to polytopes of any dimensionality. Fontaine and Hurley's geometric procedure for finding the reciprocals of the chords of a regular polygon from their star polygons also finds the rotational geodesics of any polytope of any dimensionality.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
== Introduction ==
Steinbach discovered the Diagonal Product Formula and the Golden Fields family of ratios of diagonal to side in the regular polygons. He showed how this family extends beyond the pentagon {5} with its well-known golden bisection proportional to 𝜙, finding that the heptagon {7} has an analogous trisection, the nonagon {9} has an analogous quadrasection, and the hendecagon {11} has an analogous pentasection, an extended family of golden proportions with quasiperiodic properties. 

Kappraff and Adamson extended these findings in plane geometry to a theory of Generalized Fibonacci Sequences, showing that the Golden Fields not only do not end with the hendecagon, they form an infinite number of periodic trajectories when operated on by the Mandelbrot operator. They found a relation between the edges of star polygons and dynamical systems in the state of chaos, revealing a connection between chaos theory, number, and rotations in Coxeter Euclidean geometry. 

Fontaine and Hurley examined Steinbach's finding that the length of each chord of a regular polygon is both the product of two chords and the sum of a set of smaller chords, so that in rotations to add is to multiply. They illustrated Steinbach's sets of additive chords lying parallel to each other in the plane (pointing in the same direction), and by applying Steinbach's formula more generally they found another summation relation of signed parallel chords (pointing in opposite directions) which relates each chord length to its reciprocal, and relates the summation to a distinct star polygon rotation. 

We examine these remarkable findings (which stem from study of the chords of humble regular polygons) in higher-dimensional spaces, specifically in the chords, polygons and rotations of the [[120-cell]], the largest four-dimensional regular convex polytope.

== Visualizing the 120-cell ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable floatright&quot; width=&quot;400&quot;
|style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot;|[[File:120-cell.gif|200px]]&lt;br&gt;Orthographic projection of the 600-point 120-cell &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\{5,3,3\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; performing a [[W:SO(4)#Geometry of 4D rotations|simple rotation]].{{Sfn|Hise|2011|loc=File:120-cell.gif|ps=; &quot;Created by Jason Hise with Maya and Macromedia Fireworks. A 3D projection of a 120-cell performing a [[W:SO(4)#Geometry of 4D rotations|simple rotation]].&quot;}} In this simplified rendering only the 120-cell's own edges are shown; its 29 interior chords are not rendered. Therefore even though it is translucent, only its outer surface is visible. The complex interior parts of the 120-cell, all its inscribed 5-cells, 16-cells, 8-cells, 24-cells, 600-cells and its much larger inventory of polyhedra, are completely invisible in this view, as none of their edges are rendered at all.
|style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot;|[[File:Ortho solid 016-uniform polychoron p33-t0.png|200px]]&lt;br&gt;Orthographic projection of the 600-point [[W:Great grand stellated 120-cell|great grand stellated 120-cell]] &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\{\tfrac{5}{2},3,3\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;.{{Sfn|Ruen: Great grand stellated 120-cell|2007}} The 120-cell is its convex hull. The projection to the left renders only the 120-cell's shortest chord, its 1200 edges. The projection above also renders only one of the 120-cell's 30 chords, the edges of its 120 inscribed regular 5-cells. The 120-cell itself (the convex hull) is invisible in this view, as its edges are not rendered.
|}

[[120-cell#Geometry|The 120-cell is the maximally complex regular 4-polytope]], containing inscribed instances of every regular 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-polytope, except the regular polygons of more than {15} sides. 

The 120-cell is the convex hull of a regular [[120-cell#Relationships among interior polytopes|compound of each of the 6 regular convex 4-polytopes]]. They are the [[5-cell|5-point (5-cell) 4-simplex]], the [[16-cell|8-point (16-cell) 4-orthoplex]], the [[W:Tesseract|16-point (8-cell) tesseract]], the [[24-cell|24-point (24-cell)]], the [[600-cell|120-point (600-cell)]], and the [[120-cell|600-point (120-cell)]]. The 120-cell is the convex hull of a compound of 120 disjoint regular 5-cells, of 75 disjoint 16-cells, of 25 disjoint 24-cells, and of 5 disjoint 600-cells.

The 120-cell contains an even larger inventory of irregular polytopes, created by the intersection of multiple instances of these component regular 4-polytopes. Many are quite unexpected, because they do not occur as components of any regular polytope smaller than the 120-cell. As just one example among the [[120-cell#Concentric hulls|sections of the 120-cell]], there is an irregular 24-point polyhedron with 16 triangle faces and 4 nonagon {9} faces.{{Sfn|Moxness|}}

Most renderings of the 120-cell, like the rotating projection here, only illustrate its outer surface, which is a honeycomb of face-bonded dodecahedral cells. Only the objects in its 3-dimensional surface are rendered, namely the 120 dodecahedra, their pentagon faces, and their edges. Although the 120-cell has chords of 30 distinct lengths, in this kind of simplified rendering only the 120-cell's own edges (its shortest chord) are shown. Its 29 interior chords, the edges of objects in the interior of the 120-cell, are not rendered, so interior objects are not visible at all.

Visualizing the complete interior of the 600-vertex 120-cell in a single image is impractical because of its complexity. Only four 120-cell edges are incident at each vertex, but [[120-cell#Chords|600 chords (of all 30 lengths)]] are incident at ''each'' vertex.

== Compounds in the 120-cell ==
The 8-point (16-cell), not the 5-point (5-cell), is the smallest building block; it compounds to every larger regular 4-polytope. The 5-point (5-cell) does compound to the 600-point (120-cell), but it does not fit into any smaller regular 4-polytope. 

The 8-point (16-cell) compounds by 2 in the 16-point (8-cell), and by 3 in the 24-point (24-cell). The 16-point (8-cell) compounds in the 24-point (24-cell) by 3 non-disjoint instances of itself, with each of the 24 vertices shared by two 16-point (8-cells). The 24-point (24-cell) compounds by 5 disjoint instances of itself in the 120-point (600-cell), and the 120-point (600-cell) compounds by 5 disjoint instances of itself in the 600-point (120-cell).

The 24-point (24-cell) also compounds by &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; non-disjoint instances of itself in the 120-point (600-cell); it compounds in 5 disjoint instances of itself, 10 (not 5) different ways. Whichever set of 5 disjoint 24-point (24-cells) are assembled, the resulting 120-point (600-cell) contains 25 distinct 24-point (24-cells), not just 5 (or 10). This implies that 15 disjoint 8-point (16-cells) will construct a 120-point (600-cell), which will contain 75 distinct 8-point (16-cells). 

The 600-point (120-cell) is 5 disjoint 120-point (600-cells), just 2 different ways (not 5 or 10 ways), so it is 10 distinct 120-point (600-cells). This implies that the 8-point (16-cell) compounds by 3 times &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; (75) disjoint instances of itself in the 600-point (120-cell), which contains &lt;math&gt;3^2&lt;/math&gt; times  &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; (225) distinct instances of the 24-point (24-cell), and  &lt;math&gt;3^3&lt;/math&gt; times &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; (675) distinct instances of the 8-point (16-cell). 

These facts were discovered painstakingly by various researchers, and no one has found a general rule governing subsumption relations among regular polytopes. The reasons for some of their numeric incidence relations are far from obvious. [[W:Pieter Hendrik Schoute|Schoute]] was the first to see that the 120-point (600-cell) is a compound of 5 24-point (24-cells) ''10 different ways'', and after he saw it a hundred years lapsed until Denney, Hooker, Johnson, Robinson, Butler &amp; Claiborne proved his result, and showed why.{{Sfn|Denney, Hooker, Johnson, Robinson, Butler &amp; Claiborne|2020|loc=''The geometry of H4 polytopes''}}

So much for the compounds of 16-cells. The 120-cell is also the convex hull of the compound of 120 disjoint regular 5-cells. That stellated compound (without its convex hull of 120-cell edges) is the [[w:Great_grand_stellated_120-cell|great grand stellated 120-cell]] illustrated above, the final regular [[W:Stellation|stellation]] of the 120-cell, and the only [[W:Schläfli-Hess polychoron|regular star 4-polytope]] to have the 120-cell for its convex hull. The edges of the great grand stellated 120-cell are &lt;math&gt;\phi^6&lt;/math&gt; as long as those of its 120-cell [[W:List of polyhedral stellations#Stellation process|stellation core]] deep inside.

The compound of 120 disjoint 5-point (5-cells) can be seen to be equivalent to the compound of 5 disjoint 120-point (600-cells), as follows. Beginning with a single 120-point (600-cell), expand each vertex into a regular 5-cell, by adding 4 new equidistant vertices, such that the 5 vertices form a regular 5-cell inscribed in the 3-sphere. The 120 5-cells are disjoint, and the 600 vertices form 5 disjoint 120-point (600-cells): a 120-cell.

== Thirty distinguished distances ==
The 30 numbers listed in the table are all-important in Euclidean geometry. A case can be made on symmetry grounds that their squares are the 30 most important numbers between 0 and 4. The 30 rows of the table are the 30 distinct [[120-cell#Geodesic rectangles|chord lengths of the unit-radius 120-cell]], the largest regular convex 4-polytope. Since the 120-cell subsumes all smaller regular polytopes, its 30 chords are the complete chord set of all the regular polytopes that can be constructed in the first four dimensions of Euclidean space, except for regular polygons of more than 15 sides.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center&quot;
!rowspan=2|&lt;math&gt;c_t&lt;/math&gt;
!rowspan=2|arc
!rowspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{n}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
!rowspan=2|&lt;math&gt;\left\{p\right\}&lt;/math&gt;
!rowspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;m\left\{\frac{k}{d}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
!rowspan=2|Steinbach roots
!colspan=7|Chord lengths of the unit 120-cell
|-
!colspan=5|unit-radius length &lt;math&gt;c_t&lt;/math&gt;
!colspan=2|unit-edge length &lt;math&gt;c_t/c_1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;br&gt;in 120-cell of radius &lt;math&gt;c_8=\sqrt{2}\phi^2&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{1,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;15.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
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|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{30\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{4,1}-c_{2,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7-3 \sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.270091&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2} \phi ^2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2 \phi ^4}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.072949}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{2,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;25.2{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{2}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \left\{15\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(c_{18,1}-c_{4,1}\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{3-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.437016&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2} \phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2 \phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.190983}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.61803&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{3,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;36{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{10\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3 \left\{\frac{10}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(\sqrt{5}-1\right) c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(\sqrt{5}-1\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.618034&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.381966}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.28825&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{4,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;41.4{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{c_{8,1}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.707107&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.61803&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{5,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;44.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{4}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \left\{\frac{15}{2}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} c_{2,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{9-3 \sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.756934&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}}{\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2 \phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.572949}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} \phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.80252&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{6,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;49.1{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{17}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{5-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{5-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.831254&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi }}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.690983}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi ^3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.07768&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{7,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;56.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{20}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{\phi }} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.93913&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{\frac{\psi }{\phi }}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\psi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.881966}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\psi  \phi ^3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.47709&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;60{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{5}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{6\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{6\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.70246&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{9,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;66.1{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{40}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{2 \phi }} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.09132&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{\frac{\chi }{\phi }}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\chi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.19098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\chi  \phi ^3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.04057&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{10,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;69.8{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{11}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi  c_{4,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2 \sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.14412&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\phi }{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\phi ^2}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.30902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^3&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.23607&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{11,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;72{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{6}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{5\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{5\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi }} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.17557&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3-\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3-\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.38197}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \sqrt{3-\phi } \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.3525&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{12,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;75.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{24}{5}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.22474&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.53457&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{13,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;81.1{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{13}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{9-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{9-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.30038&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{9-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(9-\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.69098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(9-\sqrt{5}\right)} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.8146&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{14,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;84.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{40}{9}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi } c_{8,1}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{1+\sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.345&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi }}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{5} \phi }{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.80902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi ^5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.9798&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{15,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;90.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{4\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{4\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 c_{4,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.41421&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.23607&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{16,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;95.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{29}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{11-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.4802&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(11-\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.19098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(11-\sqrt{5}\right)} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.48037&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{17,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;98.9{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{31}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7+\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{7+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.51954&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{7+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(7+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.30902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\psi  \phi ^5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.62605&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{18,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;104.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{8}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{15}{4}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.58114&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{5} \sqrt{\phi ^4}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.8541&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{19,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;108.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{9}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{10}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{3,1}+c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(1+\sqrt{5}\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.61803&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1+\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.61803}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \phi ^3&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.9907&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{20,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;110.2{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{13-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.64042&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(13-\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.69098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\phi ^2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.07359&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{21,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;113.9{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{19}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.67601&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.80902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\frac{\chi }{\phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.20537&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{22,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;120{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{10}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{3\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{3\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.73205&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{6} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.41285&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{23,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;124.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{41}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi }+\frac{5}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.7658&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4-\frac{\psi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4-\frac{\psi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.11803}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\chi  \phi ^5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.53779&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{24,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;130.9{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{20}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{11+\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.81907&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(11+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.30902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\frac{\sqrt{5}}{\phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.73503&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{25,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;135.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{11}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{11}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7+3 \sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7+3 \sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.85123&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\phi ^2}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\phi ^4}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.42705}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^4&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.8541&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{26,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;138.6{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{12}{5}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.87083&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{7} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.92667&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{27,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;144{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{12}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{5}{2}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(5+\sqrt{5}\right)} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(5+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.90211&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\phi +2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2+\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.61803}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{2 \phi +4}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.0425&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{28,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;154.8{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{13}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{13}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{13+\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.95167&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(13+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.80902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\frac{1}{\phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.22598&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{29,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;164.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{14}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{15}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi  c_{12,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{\frac{3}{2}} \left(1+\sqrt{5}\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.98168&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}} \phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3 \phi ^2}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.92705}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} \phi ^3&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.33708&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{30,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;180{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{15}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{2\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{2\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \sqrt{2} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.40492&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|rowspan=4 colspan=6|
|rowspan=4 colspan=4|
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; is the golden ratio:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2-\phi -1=0&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\phi }+1=\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;, and: &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi+1=\phi^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\phi }::1::\phi ::\phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1/\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; and &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; are the golden sections of &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi +\frac{1}{\phi }=\sqrt{5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi = (\sqrt{5} + 1)/2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.618034&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\chi = (3\sqrt{5} + 1)/2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.854102&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\psi = (3\sqrt{5} - 1)/2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.854102&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\psi = 11/\chi = 22/(3\sqrt{5} + 1)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.854102&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|}

...

== The 8-point regular polytopes ==
In 2-space we have the regular 8-point octagon, in 3-space the regular 8-point cube, and in 4-space the regular 8-point [[16-cell]].

A planar octagon with rigid edges of unit length has chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=1,r_2=\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}} \approx 1.84776,r_3=1+\sqrt{2} \approx 2.41421,r_4=\sqrt{4 + \sqrt{8}} \approx 2.61313&lt;/math&gt;

The chord ratio &lt;math&gt;r_3=1+\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt; is a geometrical proportion, the [[W:Silver ratio|silver ratio]]. Fontaine and Hurley's procedure for obtaining the reciprocal of a chord tells us that:

:&lt;math&gt;r_3-r_1-r_1=1/r_3 \approx 0.41421&lt;/math&gt;

Note that &lt;math&gt;1/r_3=\sqrt{2}-1=r_3-2&lt;/math&gt;.

If we embed this planar octagon in 3-space, we can make it skew, repositioning its vertices so that each is one unit-edge length distant from three others instead of two others, at the vertices of a unit-edge cube with chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=1, r_2=\sqrt{2}, r_3=\sqrt{3}, r_4=\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;

If we embed this cube in 4-space, we can skew it some more, repositioning its vertices so that each is one unit-edge length distant from six others instead of three others, at the vertices of a unit-edge 4-polytope with chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=1,r_2=1,r_3=1,r_4=\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;

All of its chords except its long diameters are the same unit length as its edge. In fact they are its 24 edges, and it is a 16-cell of radius &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1/\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;.

[[File:octagon16cell.png|thumb|Orthogonal projection of a regular 16-cell to the [[16-cell#Projections|B&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; Coxeter plane]]. Only its edges are shown; its long diameter chords are not drawn. All 24 edges are the same length. Only the edges of the two disjoint squares lie parallel to the projection plane, in completely orthogonal central planes.]]

The [[16-cell]] is the [[W:Regular convex 4-polytope|regular convex 4-polytope]] with [[W:Schläfli symbol|Schläfli symbol]] {3,3,4}. It has 8 vertices, 24 edges, 32 equilateral triangle faces, and 16 regular tetrahedron cells. It is the [[16-cell#Octahedral dipyramid|four-dimensional analogue of the octahedron]], and each of its four orthogonal central hyperplanes is an octahedron.

The only planar regular polygons found in the 16-cell are face triangles and central plane squares, but the 16-cell also contains a skew regular octagon, its [[W:Petrie polygon|Petrie polygon]]. The chords of this regular octagon, which lies skew in 4-space, are those given above for the 16-cell, as opposed to those for the cube or the regular octagon in the plane. The 16-cell is a construct of 3 Petrie octagons which share the same 8 vertices but have disjoint sets of 8 edges each.

The regular octad has higher symmetry in 4-space than it does in 2-space. The 16-cell is the 4-orthoplex, the simplest regular 4-polytope after the [[5-cell|4-simplex]]. All the larger regular convex 4-polytopes are compounds of the 16-cell. The regular octagon exhibits this high symmetry only when embedded in 4-space at the vertices of the 16-cell.

The 16-cell constitutes an [[W:Orthonormal basis|orthonormal basis]] for the choice of a 4-dimensional Cartesian reference frame, because its vertices define four orthogonal axes. The eight vertices of a unit-radius 16-cell are (±1, 0, 0, 0), (0, ±1, 0, 0), (0, 0, ±1, 0), (0, 0, 0, ±1). All vertices are connected by &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; edges except opposite pairs. 

The vertex coordinates of the 16-cell form 6 central squares lying in 6 pairwise [[W:Orthogonal|orthogonal]] coordinate planes. Great squares in ''opposite'' planes that do not share an axis (e.g. in the ''xy'' and ''wz'' planes) are completely disjoint (they do not intersect at any vertices). These planes are [[W:Completely orthogonal|completely orthogonal]].{{Efn|name=Six orthogonal planes of the Cartesian basis}}

Since this unit-radius coordinate system is convenient, let us derive the unit-radius 16-cell by skewing a unit-radius planar octagon, which has chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=\sqrt{2-\sqrt{2}} \approx 0.76537,r_2=\sqrt{2},r_3=\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}} \approx 1.84776,r_4=2&lt;/math&gt;

We will need a planar octagon with rigid &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; chords, rather than one with rigid &lt;math&gt;r_1&lt;/math&gt; edges. The octagon's &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; chords form two disjoint great squares, visible in the orthogonal projection, which we can reposition in 3-space to form a cube by making them parallel, and in 4-space to form a 16-cell by making them completely orthogonal.

In the 16-cell the two completely orthogonal great squares formed by the &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; chords are both parallel and perpendicular to each other. A ''simple'' rotation of the 16-cell in ''one'' of those two central planes rotates that square like a wheel, while the other square does not move. The four vertices of the rotating square orbit on a great circle in the plane.

The &lt;math&gt;r_1&lt;/math&gt; chords of the 16-cell form a Petrie polygon which zig-zags back and forth between the two completely orthogonal &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; squares.

The &lt;math&gt;r_3&lt;/math&gt; chords of the 16-cell form a circular helix, visible as a skew {8/3} octagram in the orthogonal projection. A ''double'' rotation of the 16-cell, in ''both'' of the two completely orthogonal &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; square planes at once by the same angle, moves the eight vertices along the circular helix over the &lt;math&gt;r_3&lt;/math&gt; chords. The circular helix is a [[w:Geodesic|geodesic]] great circle on the 3-sphere of a special kind: it does not lie in a central plane, its circumference is &lt;math&gt;4 \pi&lt;/math&gt;, and it occurs in either a left or right chiral form. We shall refer to the circular helix geodesic as an ''isocline'', and to the skew {8/3} octagram of its chords as a ''Clifford polygon''.

[[W:Rotations in 4-dimensional Euclidean space|Rotations in 4-dimensional Euclidean space]] can be seen as the composition of two 2-dimensional rotations in completely orthogonal planes. The general rotation in 4-space is a double rotation in pairs of completely orthogonal planes. Two completely orthogonal planes are called invariant planes of the rotation when all points in the plane rotate on circles that remain in the plane, even as the whole plane tilts sideways (like a coin flipping) into another plane. The two completely orthogonal rotations of each plane (like a wheel, and like a coin flipping) are simultaneous but independent, in that they are not geometrically constrained to turn at the same rate. However, the most circular kind of rotation (as opposed to an elliptical double rotation of a rigid spherical object) occurs when the invariant planes do rotate through the same angle in the same time interval. Such equi-angled double rotations are called [[w:SO(4)#Isoclinic_rotations|isoclinic]], also [[w:William_Kingdon_Clifford|Clifford]] displacements.

The 16-cell is the simplest possible frame in which to [[16-cell#Rotations|observe 4-dimensional rotations]] because its characteristic rotations feature a single pair of invariant rotation planes. In the 16-cell an isoclinic rotation by 90° in any pair of invariant completely orthogonal square central planes takes every square central plane to its completely orthogonal square central plane in a twisting displacement, as they tilt sideways 90° into each other's plane while rotating 90° internally. All the vertices move at once on the same circular helix geodesic isocline, displaced 90° in 8 orthogonal directions, and the rigid 16-cell assumes a new orientation in 4-space. When the 90° isoclinic rotation is continued in the same rotational direction through an additional 90°, each vertex is again displaced 90°, but from the new orientation in a direction orthogonal to its first 90° displacement. After 360° of rotation each vertex reaches its antipodal position.

The trajectory of each vertex over each 90° isoclinic rotational displacement is a one-eighth segment of its geodesic orbit. Its entire orbit traces a circular helix isocline in 4-space over eight &lt;math&gt;r_3&lt;/math&gt; chords, and also traces an ordinary great circle twice over the four &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; chords within one of the two moving invariant rotation planes. In the course of a 720° isoclinic rotation each vertex departs from all 8 vertex positions just once and returns to its original position, and the 16-cell returns to its original orientation.

== Hypercubes ==
The long diameter of the unit-edge [[W:Hypercube|hypercube]] of dimension &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; is &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{n}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;, so the unit-edge [[w:Tesseract|4-hypercube, the 16-point (8-cell) tesseract,]] has chords:
:&lt;math&gt;r_1=\sqrt{1},r_2=\sqrt{2},r_3=\sqrt{3},r_4=\sqrt{4}&lt;/math&gt;
Uniquely in its 4-dimensional case, the hypercube's edge length equals its radius, like the hexagon. We call such polytopes ''radially equilateral'', because they can be constructed from equilateral triangles which meet at their center, each contributing two radii and an edge. The cuboctahedron and the 24-cell are also radially equilateral.

The [[W:Tesseract|tesseract]] is the [[W:Regular convex 4-polytope|regular convex 4-polytope]] with [[W:Schläfli symbol|Schläfli symbol]] {4,3,3}. It has 16 vertices, 32 edges, 24 square faces, and 8 cube cells. It is the four-dimensional analogue of the cube.

The 16-point tesseract is the convex hull of a compound of two 8-point 16-cells, in exact dimensional analogy to the way the 8-point cube is the convex hull of a [[W:Stellated octahedron|compound of two 4-point regular tetrahedra]]. The [[W:Demihypercube|demihypercubes]] occupy alternate vertices of the hypercubes. The diagonals of the square faces of the unit-edge, unit-radius tesseract are the &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; edges of two unit-radius 16-cells, also the edges of the square central planes.

We can rotate the tesseract isoclinically the way we rotated the 16-cell, by 90° in two completely orthogonal invariant square central planes, with the same effect on both alternate-position 16-cells. In the course of a 720° isoclinic rotation in invariant square central planes each vertex departs from all 8 vertex positions of its 16-cell just once and returns to its original position, but it does not visit the vertex positions of the other 16-cell. The skew octagon geodesic orbits of the 16 vertices lie on two disjoint octagram circular helix isoclines of the same chirality, which are [[w:Clifford_parallel|Clifford parallel]] objects that form a circular double helix.

The tesseract is the [[W:Dual polytope|dual polytope]] of the 16-cell. They have the same Petrie polygon, the regular skew octagon, but the tesseract is a construct of 4 Petrie octagons which share its 16 vertices pairwise but have disjoint sets of 8 tesseract edges each.

We can construct the tesseract by skewing two planar octagons. Because the tesseract is radially equilateral (unlike the 16-cell), we use two octagons of unit-edge length to build the unit-radius tesseract. To start we embed the planar octagons in 4-space at the same point and make them completely orthogonal. Then we skew each planar octagon into a cube, so we have a compound of two completely orthogonal cubes. Provided we skewed them both in the same rotational direction, the 16 vertices will be the vertices of a tesseract with half its 32 edges missing.

Because the tesseract contains two 16-cells in alternate positions it has two sets of 6 orthogonal square central planes. Two angles are required to specify the relationship between two planes in 4-space. Pairs of square central planes within each 16-cell are 90° apart in one angle, and either 0° or 90° apart in the other angle. They are 90° apart in both angles if and only if they are completely orthogonal planes, 90° apart by isoclinic rotation, with no vertices in common. Otherwise they are 0° apart in one of the angles, 90° apart by simple rotation, and they intersect in one axis and lie in a common 3-dimensional hyperplane.{{Efn|A double rotation in which one of the two angles of rotation is 0°, so that one of the completely orthogonal invariant planes does not rotate, is called a simple rotation. Ordinary rotations observed in a 3-dimensional space are simple rotations.}}

A pair of square central planes from alternate-position 16-cells are 60° apart by isoclinic rotation, with their corresponding vertices 120° apart. The planes are not orthogonal or parallel, so they intersect in a line somewhere, but they have no vertices in common, they have no 3-dimensional hyperplane in common, and they cannot reach each other by simple rotation. Such pairs of objects are called [[W:Clifford parallel|Clifford parallel]] because all their corresponding pairs of vertices are the same distance apart, although they are not parallel in the usual sense, because they have a common center. Not only the alternate-position 16-cells' corresponding square central planes, but also the 16-cells themselves, are Clifford parallel objects. More generally, multiple disjoint instances of a 4-polytope which compound to make a larger 4-polytope are Clifford parallel objects.

== The 24-cell ==
In 2-space we have the radially equilateral 6-point hexagon. In 3-space we have the radially equilateral 12-point cuboctahedron, with 4 hexagonal central planes. In 4-space we have the radially equilateral 24-point 24-cell, with 4 cuboctahedron central hyperplanes and 16 hexagonal central planes.

The [[24-cell]] is the regular convex 4-polytope with Schläfli symbol {3,4,3}. It has 24 vertices, 96 edges, 96 equilateral triangle faces, and 24 octahedron cells. It is the four-dimensional analogue of the cuboctahedron.

The 24-point 24-cell is the convex hull of a compound of three disjoint 8-point 16-cells, rotated 60° isoclinically with respect to each other. Each of the three pairs of 16-cells is a tesseract. The corresponding vertices of two 16-cells or two tesseracts are &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}=120^\circ&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; apart. Each tesseract has 8 cube cells, and each cube has four &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; long diameters. The &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; chords joining the corresponding vertices of two tesseracts belong to the third tesseract as cube long diameters.

We can rotate the 24-cell isoclinically the way we rotated the 16-cell, by 90° in two completely orthogonal invariant square central planes, with the same effect on all three 16-cells. In the course of a 720° isoclinic rotation in invariant square central planes each vertex departs from all 8 vertex positions of its 16-cell just once and returns to its original position, but it does not visit the vertex positions of the other 16-cells. The three disjoint skew octagon geodesic orbits of the 24 vertices form a circular triple helix.

...

We can also rotate the 24-cell isoclinically by 60° in two completely orthogonal invariant hexagonal central planes. Great hexagons are a rounder choice than great squares for the invariant rotation planes in which to rotate a 4-polytope. A complete hexagonal isoclinic revolution requires 720° like a square isoclinic revolution, but it is completed in 6 chordal steps of 120° each rather than 8 chordal steps of 90° each.

...

== The 600-cell ==

...

== Finally the 120-cell ==

...

== Conclusions ==

Fontaine and Hurley's discovery is more than a formula for the reciprocal of a regular ''n''-polygon diagonal. It also yields the discrete sequence of isocline chords of the distinct isoclinic rotation characteristic of a ''d''-dimensional regular polytope. The characteristic rotational chord sequence of the ''d''-polytope can be represented geometrically in two dimensions on a distinct star polygon, but it lies on a geodesic circle through ''d''-dimensional space. Fontaine and Hurley discovered the geodesic topology of polytopes generally. Their procedure will reveal the geodesics of arbitrary non-uniform polytopes, since it can be applied to a polytope of any dimensionality and irregularity, by first fitting the polytope to the smallest regular polygon whose chords include its chords.

Fontaine and Hurley's discovery of a chordal formula for isoclinic rotations closes the circuit on Kappraff and Adamson's discovery of a rotational connection between dynamical systems, Steinbach's golden fields, and Coxeter's Euclidean geometry of ''n'' dimensions. Application of the Fontaine and Hurley procedure in higher-dimensional spaces demonstrates why the connection exists: because polytope sequences generally, from Steinbach's golden polygon chord sequences, to chord sequences in isoclinic rotation helixes, to subsumption relations in the sequence of regular 4-polytopes, arise as expressions of the reflections and rotations of distinct Coxeter symmetry groups, when those various groups interact.

== Appendix: Sequence of regular 4-polytopes ==
{{Regular convex 4-polytopes|wiki=W:|columns=7}}

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== Citations ==
{{Reflist}}

== References ==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Cite journal | last=Steinbach | first=Peter | year=1997 | title=Golden fields: A case for the Heptagon | journal=Mathematics Magazine | volume=70 | issue=Feb 1997 | pages=22–31 | doi=10.1080/0025570X.1997.11996494 | jstor=2691048 | ref={{SfnRef|Steinbach|1997}} }}
* {{Cite journal | last=Steinbach | first=Peter | year=2000 | title=Sections Beyond Golden| journal=Bridges: Mathematical Connections in Art, Music and Science | issue=2000 | pages=35-44 | url=https://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2000/bridges2000-35.pdf | ref={{SfnRef|Steinbach|2000}}}}
* {{Cite journal | last1=Kappraff | first1=Jay | last2=Jablan | first2=Slavik | last3=Adamson | first3=Gary | last4=Sazdanovich | first4=Radmila | year=2004 | title=Golden Fields, Generalized Fibonacci Sequences, and Chaotic Matrices | journal=Forma | volume=19 | pages=367-387 | url=https://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2005/bridges2005-369.pdf | ref={{SfnRef|Kappraff, Jablan, Adamson &amp; Sazdanovich|2004}} }}
* {{Cite journal | last1=Kappraff | first1=Jay | last2=Adamson | first2=Gary | year=2004 | title=Polygons and Chaos | journal=Dynamical Systems and Geometric Theories | url=https://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2001/bridges2001-67.pdf | ref={{SfnRef|Kappraff &amp; Adamson|2004}} }}
* {{Cite journal | last1=Fontaine | first1=Anne | last2=Hurley | first2=Susan | year=2006 | title=Proof by Picture: Products and Reciprocals of Diagonal Length Ratios in the Regular Polygon | journal=Forum Geometricorum | volume=6 | pages=97-101 | url=https://scispace.com/pdf/proof-by-picture-products-and-reciprocals-of-diagonal-length-1aian8mgp9.pdf }}
{{Refend}}</text>
      <sha1>ofa1o57a769469mdijs1z2zzpktwfll</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>2809979</id>
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      <text bytes="49858" sha1="bu9uvmfulc8cpvegcbktw52i92s2n4o" xml:space="preserve">{{align|center|David Brooks Christie}}
{{align|center|dc@samizdat.org}}
{{align|center|Draft in progress}}
{{align|center|January 2026 - April 2026}}

&lt;blockquote&gt;Steinbach discovered the formula for the ratios of diagonal to side in the regular polygons. Fontaine and Hurley extended this result, discovering a formula for the reciprocal of a regular polygon chord derived geometrically from the chord's star polygon. We observe that these findings in plane geometry apply more generally, to polytopes of any dimensionality. Fontaine and Hurley's geometric procedure for finding the reciprocals of the chords of a regular polygon from their star polygons also finds the rotational geodesics of any polytope of any dimensionality.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
== Introduction ==
Steinbach discovered the Diagonal Product Formula and the Golden Fields family of ratios of diagonal to side in the regular polygons. He showed how this family extends beyond the pentagon {5} with its well-known golden bisection proportional to 𝜙, finding that the heptagon {7} has an analogous trisection, the nonagon {9} has an analogous quadrasection, and the hendecagon {11} has an analogous pentasection, an extended family of golden proportions with quasiperiodic properties. 

Kappraff and Adamson extended these findings in plane geometry to a theory of Generalized Fibonacci Sequences, showing that the Golden Fields not only do not end with the hendecagon, they form an infinite number of periodic trajectories when operated on by the Mandelbrot operator. They found a relation between the edges of star polygons and dynamical systems in the state of chaos, revealing a connection between chaos theory, number, and rotations in Coxeter Euclidean geometry. 

Fontaine and Hurley examined Steinbach's finding that the length of each chord of a regular polygon is both the product of two chords and the sum of a set of smaller chords, so that in rotations to add is to multiply. They illustrated Steinbach's sets of additive chords lying parallel to each other in the plane (pointing in the same direction), and by applying Steinbach's formula more generally they found another summation relation of signed parallel chords (pointing in opposite directions) which relates each chord length to its reciprocal, and relates the summation to a distinct star polygon rotation. 

We examine these remarkable findings (which stem from study of the chords of humble regular polygons) in higher-dimensional spaces, specifically in the chords, polygons and rotations of the [[120-cell]], the largest four-dimensional regular convex polytope.

== Visualizing the 120-cell ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable floatright&quot; width=&quot;400&quot;
|style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot;|[[File:120-cell.gif|200px]]&lt;br&gt;Orthographic projection of the 600-point 120-cell &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\{5,3,3\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; performing a [[W:SO(4)#Geometry of 4D rotations|simple rotation]].{{Sfn|Hise|2011|loc=File:120-cell.gif|ps=; &quot;Created by Jason Hise with Maya and Macromedia Fireworks. A 3D projection of a 120-cell performing a [[W:SO(4)#Geometry of 4D rotations|simple rotation]].&quot;}} In this simplified rendering only the 120-cell's own edges are shown; its 29 interior chords are not rendered. Therefore even though it is translucent, only its outer surface is visible. The complex interior parts of the 120-cell, all its inscribed 5-cells, 16-cells, 8-cells, 24-cells, 600-cells and its much larger inventory of polyhedra, are completely invisible in this view, as none of their edges are rendered at all.
|style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot;|[[File:Ortho solid 016-uniform polychoron p33-t0.png|200px]]&lt;br&gt;Orthographic projection of the 600-point [[W:Great grand stellated 120-cell|great grand stellated 120-cell]] &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\{\tfrac{5}{2},3,3\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;.{{Sfn|Ruen: Great grand stellated 120-cell|2007}} The 120-cell is its convex hull. The projection to the left renders only the 120-cell's shortest chord, its 1200 edges. The projection above also renders only one of the 120-cell's 30 chords, the edges of its 120 inscribed regular 5-cells. The 120-cell itself (the convex hull) is invisible in this view, as its edges are not rendered.
|}

[[120-cell#Geometry|The 120-cell is the maximally complex regular 4-polytope]], containing inscribed instances of every regular 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-polytope, except the regular polygons of more than {15} sides. 

The 120-cell is the convex hull of a regular [[120-cell#Relationships among interior polytopes|compound of each of the 6 regular convex 4-polytopes]]. They are the [[5-cell|5-point (5-cell) 4-simplex]], the [[16-cell|8-point (16-cell) 4-orthoplex]], the [[W:Tesseract|16-point (8-cell) tesseract]], the [[24-cell|24-point (24-cell)]], the [[600-cell|120-point (600-cell)]], and the [[120-cell|600-point (120-cell)]]. The 120-cell is the convex hull of a compound of 120 disjoint regular 5-cells, of 75 disjoint 16-cells, of 25 disjoint 24-cells, and of 5 disjoint 600-cells.

The 120-cell contains an even larger inventory of irregular polytopes, created by the intersection of multiple instances of these component regular 4-polytopes. Many are quite unexpected, because they do not occur as components of any regular polytope smaller than the 120-cell. As just one example among the [[120-cell#Concentric hulls|sections of the 120-cell]], there is an irregular 24-point polyhedron with 16 triangle faces and 4 nonagon {9} faces.{{Sfn|Moxness|}}

Most renderings of the 120-cell, like the rotating projection here, only illustrate its outer surface, which is a honeycomb of face-bonded dodecahedral cells. Only the objects in its 3-dimensional surface are rendered, namely the 120 dodecahedra, their pentagon faces, and their edges. Although the 120-cell has chords of 30 distinct lengths, in this kind of simplified rendering only the 120-cell's own edges (its shortest chord) are shown. Its 29 interior chords, the edges of objects in the interior of the 120-cell, are not rendered, so interior objects are not visible at all.

Visualizing the complete interior of the 600-vertex 120-cell in a single image is impractical because of its complexity. Only four 120-cell edges are incident at each vertex, but [[120-cell#Chords|600 chords (of all 30 lengths)]] are incident at ''each'' vertex.

== Compounds in the 120-cell ==
The 8-point (16-cell), not the 5-point (5-cell), is the smallest building block; it compounds to every larger regular 4-polytope. The 5-point (5-cell) does compound to the 600-point (120-cell), but it does not fit into any smaller regular 4-polytope. 

The 8-point (16-cell) compounds by 2 in the 16-point (8-cell), and by 3 in the 24-point (24-cell). The 16-point (8-cell) compounds in the 24-point (24-cell) by 3 non-disjoint instances of itself, with each of the 24 vertices shared by two 16-point (8-cells). The 24-point (24-cell) compounds by 5 disjoint instances of itself in the 120-point (600-cell), and the 120-point (600-cell) compounds by 5 disjoint instances of itself in the 600-point (120-cell).

The 24-point (24-cell) also compounds by &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; non-disjoint instances of itself in the 120-point (600-cell); it compounds in 5 disjoint instances of itself, 10 (not 5) different ways. Whichever set of 5 disjoint 24-point (24-cells) are assembled, the resulting 120-point (600-cell) contains 25 distinct 24-point (24-cells), not just 5 (or 10). This implies that 15 disjoint 8-point (16-cells) will construct a 120-point (600-cell), which will contain 75 distinct 8-point (16-cells). 

The 600-point (120-cell) is 5 disjoint 120-point (600-cells), just 2 different ways (not 5 or 10 ways), so it is 10 distinct 120-point (600-cells). This implies that the 8-point (16-cell) compounds by 3 times &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; (75) disjoint instances of itself in the 600-point (120-cell), which contains &lt;math&gt;3^2&lt;/math&gt; times  &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; (225) distinct instances of the 24-point (24-cell), and  &lt;math&gt;3^3&lt;/math&gt; times &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; (675) distinct instances of the 8-point (16-cell). 

These facts were discovered painstakingly by various researchers, and no one has found a general rule governing subsumption relations among regular polytopes. The reasons for some of their numeric incidence relations are far from obvious. [[W:Pieter Hendrik Schoute|Schoute]] was the first to see that the 120-point (600-cell) is a compound of 5 24-point (24-cells) ''10 different ways'', and after he saw it a hundred years lapsed until Denney, Hooker, Johnson, Robinson, Butler &amp; Claiborne proved his result, and showed why.{{Sfn|Denney, Hooker, Johnson, Robinson, Butler &amp; Claiborne|2020|loc=''The geometry of H4 polytopes''}}

So much for the compounds of 16-cells. The 120-cell is also the convex hull of the compound of 120 disjoint regular 5-cells. That stellated compound (without its convex hull of 120-cell edges) is the [[w:Great_grand_stellated_120-cell|great grand stellated 120-cell]] illustrated above, the final regular [[W:Stellation|stellation]] of the 120-cell, and the only [[W:Schläfli-Hess polychoron|regular star 4-polytope]] to have the 120-cell for its convex hull. The edges of the great grand stellated 120-cell are &lt;math&gt;\phi^6&lt;/math&gt; as long as those of its 120-cell [[W:List of polyhedral stellations#Stellation process|stellation core]] deep inside.

The compound of 120 disjoint 5-point (5-cells) can be seen to be equivalent to the compound of 5 disjoint 120-point (600-cells), as follows. Beginning with a single 120-point (600-cell), expand each vertex into a regular 5-cell, by adding 4 new equidistant vertices, such that the 5 vertices form a regular 5-cell inscribed in the 3-sphere. The 120 5-cells are disjoint, and the 600 vertices form 5 disjoint 120-point (600-cells): a 120-cell.

== Thirty distinguished distances ==
The 30 numbers listed in the table are all-important in Euclidean geometry. A case can be made on symmetry grounds that their squares are the 30 most important numbers between 0 and 4. The 30 rows of the table are the 30 distinct [[120-cell#Geodesic rectangles|chord lengths of the unit-radius 120-cell]], the largest regular convex 4-polytope. Since the 120-cell subsumes all smaller regular polytopes, its 30 chords are the complete chord set of all the regular polytopes that can be constructed in the first four dimensions of Euclidean space, except for regular polygons of more than 15 sides.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center&quot;
!rowspan=2|&lt;math&gt;c_t&lt;/math&gt;
!rowspan=2|arc
!rowspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{n}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
!rowspan=2|&lt;math&gt;\left\{p\right\}&lt;/math&gt;
!rowspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;m\left\{\frac{k}{d}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
!rowspan=2|Steinbach roots
!colspan=7|Chord lengths of the unit 120-cell
|-
!colspan=5|unit-radius length &lt;math&gt;c_t&lt;/math&gt;
!colspan=2|unit-edge length &lt;math&gt;c_t/c_1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;br&gt;in 120-cell of radius &lt;math&gt;c_8=\sqrt{2}\phi^2&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{1,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;15.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{30\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{30\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{4,1}-c_{2,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7-3 \sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.270091&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2} \phi ^2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2 \phi ^4}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.072949}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{2,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;25.2{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{2}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \left\{15\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(c_{18,1}-c_{4,1}\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{3-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.437016&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2} \phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2 \phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.190983}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.61803&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{3,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;36{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{10\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3 \left\{\frac{10}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(\sqrt{5}-1\right) c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(\sqrt{5}-1\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.618034&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.381966}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.28825&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{4,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;41.4{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{c_{8,1}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.707107&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.61803&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{5,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;44.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{4}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \left\{\frac{15}{2}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} c_{2,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{9-3 \sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.756934&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}}{\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2 \phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.572949}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} \phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.80252&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{6,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;49.1{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{17}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{5-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{5-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.831254&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi }}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.690983}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi ^3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.07768&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{7,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;56.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{20}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{\phi }} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.93913&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{\frac{\psi }{\phi }}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\psi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.881966}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\psi  \phi ^3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.47709&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;60{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{5}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{6\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{6\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.70246&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{9,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;66.1{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{40}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{2 \phi }} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.09132&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{\frac{\chi }{\phi }}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\chi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.19098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\chi  \phi ^3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.04057&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{10,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;69.8{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{11}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi  c_{4,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2 \sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.14412&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\phi }{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\phi ^2}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.30902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^3&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.23607&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{11,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;72{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{6}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{5\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{5\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi }} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.17557&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3-\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3-\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.38197}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \sqrt{3-\phi } \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.3525&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{12,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;75.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{24}{5}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.22474&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.53457&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{13,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;81.1{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{13}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{9-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{9-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.30038&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{9-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(9-\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.69098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(9-\sqrt{5}\right)} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.8146&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{14,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;84.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{40}{9}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi } c_{8,1}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{1+\sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.345&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi }}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{5} \phi }{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.80902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi ^5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.9798&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{15,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;90.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{4\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{4\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 c_{4,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.41421&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.23607&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{16,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;95.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{29}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{11-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.4802&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(11-\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.19098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(11-\sqrt{5}\right)} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.48037&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{17,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;98.9{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{31}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7+\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{7+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.51954&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{7+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(7+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.30902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\psi  \phi ^5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.62605&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{18,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;104.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{8}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{15}{4}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.58114&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{5} \sqrt{\phi ^4}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.8541&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{19,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;108.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{9}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{10}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{3,1}+c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(1+\sqrt{5}\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.61803&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1+\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.61803}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \phi ^3&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.9907&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{20,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;110.2{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{13-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.64042&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(13-\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.69098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\phi ^2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.07359&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{21,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;113.9{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{19}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.67601&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.80902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\frac{\chi }{\phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.20537&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{22,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;120{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{10}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{3\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{3\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.73205&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{6} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.41285&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{23,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;124.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{41}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi }+\frac{5}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.7658&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4-\frac{\psi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4-\frac{\psi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.11803}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\chi  \phi ^5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.53779&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{24,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;130.9{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{20}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{11+\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.81907&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(11+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.30902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\frac{\sqrt{5}}{\phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.73503&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{25,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;135.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{11}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{11}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7+3 \sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7+3 \sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.85123&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\phi ^2}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\phi ^4}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.42705}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^4&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.8541&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{26,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;138.6{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{12}{5}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.87083&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{7} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.92667&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{27,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;144{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{12}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{5}{2}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(5+\sqrt{5}\right)} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(5+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.90211&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\phi +2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2+\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.61803}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{2 \phi +4}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.0425&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{28,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;154.8{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{13}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{13}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{13+\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.95167&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(13+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.80902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\frac{1}{\phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.22598&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{29,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;164.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{14}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{15}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi  c_{12,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{\frac{3}{2}} \left(1+\sqrt{5}\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.98168&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}} \phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3 \phi ^2}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.92705}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} \phi ^3&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.33708&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{30,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;180{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{15}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{2\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{2\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \sqrt{2} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.40492&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|rowspan=4 colspan=6|
|rowspan=4 colspan=4|
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; is the golden ratio:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2-\phi -1=0&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\phi }+1=\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;, and: &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi+1=\phi^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\phi }::1::\phi ::\phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1/\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; and &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; are the golden sections of &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi +\frac{1}{\phi }=\sqrt{5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi = (\sqrt{5} + 1)/2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.618034&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\chi = (3\sqrt{5} + 1)/2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.854102&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\psi = (3\sqrt{5} - 1)/2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.854102&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\psi = 11/\chi = 22/(3\sqrt{5} + 1)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.854102&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|}

...

== The 8-point regular polytopes ==
In 2-space we have the regular 8-point octagon, in 3-space the regular 8-point cube, and in 4-space the regular 8-point [[16-cell]].

A planar octagon with rigid edges of unit length has chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=1,r_2=\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}} \approx 1.84776,r_3=1+\sqrt{2} \approx 2.41421,r_4=\sqrt{4 + \sqrt{8}} \approx 2.61313&lt;/math&gt;

The chord ratio &lt;math&gt;r_3=1+\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt; is a geometrical proportion, the [[W:Silver ratio|silver ratio]]. Fontaine and Hurley's procedure for obtaining the reciprocal of a chord tells us that:

:&lt;math&gt;r_3-r_1-r_1=1/r_3 \approx 0.41421&lt;/math&gt;

Note that &lt;math&gt;1/r_3=\sqrt{2}-1=r_3-2&lt;/math&gt;.

If we embed this planar octagon in 3-space, we can make it skew, repositioning its vertices so that each is one unit-edge length distant from three others instead of two others, at the vertices of a unit-edge cube with chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=1, r_2=\sqrt{2}, r_3=\sqrt{3}, r_4=\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;

If we embed this cube in 4-space, we can skew it some more, repositioning its vertices so that each is one unit-edge length distant from six others instead of three others, at the vertices of a unit-edge 4-polytope with chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=1,r_2=1,r_3=1,r_4=\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;

All of its chords except its long diameters are the same unit length as its edge. In fact they are its 24 edges, and it is a 16-cell of radius &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1/\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;.

[[File:octagon16cell.png|thumb|Orthogonal projection of a regular 16-cell to the [[16-cell#Projections|B&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; Coxeter plane]]. Only its edges are shown; its long diameter chords are not drawn. All 24 edges are the same length. Only the edges of the two disjoint squares lie parallel to the projection plane, in completely orthogonal central planes.]]

The [[16-cell]] is the [[W:Regular convex 4-polytope|regular convex 4-polytope]] with [[W:Schläfli symbol|Schläfli symbol]] {3,3,4}. It has 8 vertices, 24 edges, 32 equilateral triangle faces, and 16 regular tetrahedron cells. It is the [[16-cell#Octahedral dipyramid|four-dimensional analogue of the octahedron]], and each of its four orthogonal central hyperplanes is an octahedron.

The only planar regular polygons found in the 16-cell are face triangles and central plane squares, but the 16-cell also contains a skew regular octagon, its [[W:Petrie polygon|Petrie polygon]]. The chords of this regular octagon, which lies skew in 4-space, are those given above for the 16-cell, as opposed to those for the cube or the regular octagon in the plane. The 16-cell is a construct of 3 Petrie octagons which share the same 8 vertices but have disjoint sets of 8 edges each.

The regular octad has higher symmetry in 4-space than it does in 2-space. The 16-cell is the 4-orthoplex, the simplest regular 4-polytope after the [[5-cell|4-simplex]]. All the larger regular convex 4-polytopes are compounds of the 16-cell. The regular octagon exhibits this high symmetry only when embedded in 4-space at the vertices of the 16-cell.

The 16-cell constitutes an [[W:Orthonormal basis|orthonormal basis]] for the choice of a 4-dimensional Cartesian reference frame, because its vertices define four orthogonal axes. The eight vertices of a unit-radius 16-cell are (±1, 0, 0, 0), (0, ±1, 0, 0), (0, 0, ±1, 0), (0, 0, 0, ±1). All vertices are connected by &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; edges except opposite pairs. 

The vertex coordinates of the 16-cell form 6 central squares lying in 6 pairwise [[W:Orthogonal|orthogonal]] coordinate planes. Great squares in ''opposite'' planes that do not share an axis (e.g. in the ''xy'' and ''wz'' planes) are completely disjoint (they do not intersect at any vertices). These planes are [[W:Completely orthogonal|completely orthogonal]].{{Efn|name=Six orthogonal planes of the Cartesian basis}}

Since this unit-radius coordinate system is convenient, let us derive the unit-radius 16-cell by skewing a unit-radius planar octagon, which has chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=\sqrt{2-\sqrt{2}} \approx 0.76537,r_2=\sqrt{2},r_3=\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}} \approx 1.84776,r_4=2&lt;/math&gt;

We will need a planar octagon with rigid &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; chords, rather than one with rigid &lt;math&gt;r_1&lt;/math&gt; edges. The octagon's &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; chords form two disjoint great squares, visible in the orthogonal projection, which we can reposition in 3-space to form a cube by making them parallel, and in 4-space to form a 16-cell by making them completely orthogonal.

In the 16-cell the two completely orthogonal great squares formed by the &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; chords are both parallel and perpendicular to each other. A ''simple'' rotation of the 16-cell in ''one'' of those two central planes rotates that square like a wheel, while the other square does not move. The four vertices of the rotating square orbit on a great circle in the plane.

The &lt;math&gt;r_1&lt;/math&gt; chords of the 16-cell form a Petrie polygon which zig-zags back and forth between the two completely orthogonal &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; squares.

The &lt;math&gt;r_3&lt;/math&gt; chords of the 16-cell form a circular helix, visible as a skew {8/3} octagram in the orthogonal projection. A ''double'' rotation of the 16-cell, in ''both'' of the two completely orthogonal &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; square planes at once by the same angle, moves the eight vertices along the circular helix over the &lt;math&gt;r_3&lt;/math&gt; chords. The circular helix is a [[w:Geodesic|geodesic]] great circle on the 3-sphere of a special kind: it does not lie in a central plane, its circumference is &lt;math&gt;4 \pi&lt;/math&gt;, and it occurs in either a left or right chiral form. We shall refer to the circular helix geodesic as an ''isocline'', and to the skew {8/3} octagram of its chords as a ''Clifford polygon''.

[[W:Rotations in 4-dimensional Euclidean space|Rotations in 4-dimensional Euclidean space]] can be seen as the composition of two 2-dimensional rotations in completely orthogonal planes. The general rotation in 4-space is a double rotation in pairs of completely orthogonal planes. Two completely orthogonal planes are called invariant planes of the rotation when all points in the plane rotate on circles that remain in the plane, even as the whole plane tilts sideways (like a coin flipping) into another plane. The two completely orthogonal rotations of each plane (like a wheel, and like a coin flipping) are simultaneous but independent, in that they are not geometrically constrained to turn at the same rate. However, the most circular kind of rotation (as opposed to an elliptical double rotation of a rigid spherical object) occurs when the invariant planes do rotate through the same angle in the same time interval. Such equi-angled double rotations are called [[w:SO(4)#Isoclinic_rotations|isoclinic]], also [[w:William_Kingdon_Clifford|Clifford]] displacements.

The 16-cell is the simplest possible frame in which to [[16-cell#Rotations|observe 4-dimensional rotations]] because its characteristic rotations feature a single pair of invariant rotation planes. In the 16-cell an isoclinic rotation by 90° in any pair of invariant completely orthogonal square central planes takes every square central plane to its completely orthogonal square central plane in a twisting displacement, as they tilt sideways 90° into each other's plane while rotating 90° internally. All the vertices move at once on the same circular helix geodesic isocline, displaced 90° in 8 orthogonal directions, and the rigid 16-cell assumes a new orientation in 4-space. When the 90° isoclinic rotation is continued in the same rotational direction through an additional 90°, each vertex is again displaced 90°, but from the new orientation in a direction orthogonal to its first 90° displacement. After 360° of rotation each vertex reaches its antipodal position.

The trajectory of each vertex over each 90° isoclinic rotational displacement is a one-eighth segment of its geodesic orbit. Its entire orbit traces a circular helix isocline in 4-space over eight &lt;math&gt;r_3&lt;/math&gt; chords, and also traces an ordinary great circle twice over the four &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; chords within one of the two moving invariant rotation planes. In the course of a 720° isoclinic rotation each vertex departs from all 8 vertex positions just once and returns to its original position, and the 16-cell returns to its original orientation.

== Hypercubes ==
The long diameter of the unit-edge [[W:Hypercube|hypercube]] of dimension &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; is &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{n}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;, so the unit-edge [[w:Tesseract|4-hypercube, the 16-point (8-cell) tesseract,]] has chords:
:&lt;math&gt;r_1=\sqrt{1},r_2=\sqrt{2},r_3=\sqrt{3},r_4=\sqrt{4}&lt;/math&gt;
Uniquely in its 4-dimensional case, the hypercube's edge length equals its radius, like the hexagon. We call such polytopes ''radially equilateral'', because they can be constructed from equilateral triangles which meet at their center, each contributing two radii and an edge. The cuboctahedron and the 24-cell are also radially equilateral.

The [[W:Tesseract|tesseract]] is the [[W:Regular convex 4-polytope|regular convex 4-polytope]] with [[W:Schläfli symbol|Schläfli symbol]] {4,3,3}. It has 16 vertices, 32 edges, 24 square faces, and 8 cube cells. It is the four-dimensional analogue of the cube.

The 16-point tesseract is the convex hull of a compound of two 8-point 16-cells, in exact dimensional analogy to the way the 8-point cube is the convex hull of a [[W:Stellated octahedron|compound of two 4-point regular tetrahedra]]. The [[W:Demihypercube|demihypercubes]] occupy alternate vertices of the hypercubes. The diagonals of the square faces of the unit-edge, unit-radius tesseract are the &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; edges of two unit-radius 16-cells, also the edges of the square central planes.

We can rotate the tesseract isoclinically the way we rotated the 16-cell, by 90° in two completely orthogonal invariant square central planes, with the same effect on both alternate-position 16-cells. In the course of a 720° isoclinic rotation in invariant square central planes each vertex departs from all 8 vertex positions of its 16-cell just once and returns to its original position, but it does not visit the vertex positions of the other 16-cell. The skew octagon geodesic orbits of the 16 vertices lie on two disjoint octagram circular helix isoclines of the same chirality, which are [[w:Clifford_parallel|Clifford parallel]] objects that form a circular double helix.

The tesseract is the [[W:Dual polytope|dual polytope]] of the 16-cell. They have the same Petrie polygon, the regular skew octagon, but the tesseract is a construct of 4 Petrie octagons with disjoint sets of 8 tesseract edges each. Two Petrie octagons cross at each vertex.

We can construct the tesseract by skewing two planar octagons. Because the tesseract is radially equilateral (unlike the 16-cell), we use two octagons of unit-edge length to build the unit-radius tesseract. To start we embed the planar octagons in 4-space at the same point and make them completely orthogonal. Then we skew each planar octagon into a cube, so we have a compound of two completely orthogonal cubes. Provided we skewed them both in the same rotational direction, the 16 vertices will be the vertices of a tesseract with half its 32 edges missing.

Because the tesseract contains two 16-cells in alternate positions it has two sets of 6 orthogonal square central planes. Two angles are required to specify the relationship between two planes in 4-space. Pairs of square central planes within each 16-cell are 90° apart in one angle, and either 0° or 90° apart in the other angle. They are 90° apart in both angles if and only if they are completely orthogonal planes, 90° apart by isoclinic rotation, with no vertices in common. Otherwise they are 0° apart in one of the angles, 90° apart by simple rotation, and they intersect in one axis and lie in a common 3-dimensional hyperplane.{{Efn|A double rotation in which one of the two angles of rotation is 0°, so that one of the completely orthogonal invariant planes does not rotate, is called a simple rotation. Ordinary rotations observed in a 3-dimensional space are simple rotations.}}

A pair of square central planes from alternate-position 16-cells are 60° apart by isoclinic rotation, with their corresponding vertices 120° apart. The planes are not orthogonal or parallel, so they intersect in a line somewhere, but they have no vertices in common, they have no 3-dimensional hyperplane in common, and they cannot reach each other by simple rotation. Such pairs of objects are called [[W:Clifford parallel|Clifford parallel]] because all their corresponding pairs of vertices are the same distance apart, although they are not parallel in the usual sense, because they have a common center. Not only the alternate-position 16-cells' corresponding square central planes, but also the 16-cells themselves, are Clifford parallel objects. More generally, multiple disjoint instances of a 4-polytope which compound to make a larger 4-polytope are Clifford parallel objects.

== The 24-cell ==
In 2-space we have the radially equilateral 6-point hexagon. In 3-space we have the radially equilateral 12-point cuboctahedron, with 4 hexagonal central planes. In 4-space we have the radially equilateral 24-point 24-cell, with 4 cuboctahedron central hyperplanes and 16 hexagonal central planes.

The [[24-cell]] is the regular convex 4-polytope with Schläfli symbol {3,4,3}. It has 24 vertices, 96 edges, 96 equilateral triangle faces, and 24 octahedron cells. It is the four-dimensional analogue of the cuboctahedron.

The 24-cell has the same chord set as the 4-hypercube tesseract:

&lt;math&gt;r_1=1,r_2=\sqrt{2},r_3=\sqrt{3},r_4=\sqrt{4}&lt;/math&gt;

The 24-cell is its own [[W:Dual polytope|dual polytope]]. Its Petrie polygon is the skew regular dodecahedron {12}, which has chords:

&lt;math&gt;r_1=1,r_2=\sqrt{2},r_3=\sqrt{3},r_4=\sqrt{4}&lt;/math&gt;

The 24-cell is a construct of eight Petrie dodecahedrons with disjoint sets of 12 edges each.

...

The 24-point 24-cell is the convex hull of a compound of three disjoint 8-point 16-cells, rotated 60° isoclinically with respect to each other. Each of the three pairs of 16-cells is a tesseract. Each 24-cell edge is also a tesseract edge. The corresponding vertices of two 16-cells or two tesseracts are &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}=120^\circ&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; apart. Each tesseract has 8 cube cells, and each cube has four &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; long diameters. The &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; chords joining the corresponding vertices of two tesseracts belong to the third tesseract as cube long diameters.

We can rotate the 24-cell isoclinically the way we rotated the 16-cell, by 90° in two completely orthogonal invariant square central planes, with the same effect on all three 16-cells. In the course of a 720° isoclinic rotation in invariant square central planes each vertex departs from all 8 vertex positions of its 16-cell just once and returns to its original position, but it does not visit the vertex positions of the other 16-cells. The three disjoint skew octagon geodesic orbits of the 24 vertices form a circular triple helix.

We can also rotate the 24-cell isoclinically by 60° in two completely orthogonal invariant hexagonal central planes, which takes every hexagonal central plane to a Clifford parallel hexagonal central plane. Great hexagons are a rounder choice than great squares for the invariant rotation planes in which to rotate a 4-polytope. A complete hexagonal isoclinic revolution requires 720° like a square isoclinic revolution, but it is completed in 6 chordal steps of 120° each rather than 8 chordal steps of 90° each.

The trajectory of each vertex over each 90° isoclinic rotational displacement is a one-eighth segment of its geodesic orbit. Its entire orbit traces a circular helix isocline in 4-space over eight &lt;math&gt;r_3&lt;/math&gt; chords, and also traces an ordinary great circle twice over the four &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; chords within one of the two moving invariant rotation planes. In the course of a 720° isoclinic rotation each vertex departs from all 8 vertex positions just once and returns to its original position, and the 16-cell returns to its original orientation.

...

== The 600-cell ==

...

== Finally the 120-cell ==

...

== Conclusions ==

Fontaine and Hurley's discovery is more than a formula for the reciprocal of a regular ''n''-polygon diagonal. It also yields the discrete sequence of isocline chords of the distinct isoclinic rotation characteristic of a ''d''-dimensional regular polytope. The characteristic rotational chord sequence of the ''d''-polytope can be represented geometrically in two dimensions on a distinct star polygon, but it lies on a geodesic circle through ''d''-dimensional space. Fontaine and Hurley discovered the geodesic topology of polytopes generally. Their procedure will reveal the geodesics of arbitrary non-uniform polytopes, since it can be applied to a polytope of any dimensionality and irregularity, by first fitting the polytope to the smallest regular polygon whose chords include its chords.

Fontaine and Hurley's discovery of a chordal formula for isoclinic rotations closes the circuit on Kappraff and Adamson's discovery of a rotational connection between dynamical systems, Steinbach's golden fields, and Coxeter's Euclidean geometry of ''n'' dimensions. Application of the Fontaine and Hurley procedure in higher-dimensional spaces demonstrates why the connection exists: because polytope sequences generally, from Steinbach's golden polygon chord sequences, to chord sequences in isoclinic rotation helixes, to subsumption relations in the sequence of regular 4-polytopes, arise as expressions of the reflections and rotations of distinct Coxeter symmetry groups, when those various groups interact.

== Appendix: Sequence of regular 4-polytopes ==
{{Regular convex 4-polytopes|wiki=W:|columns=7}}

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== Citations ==
{{Reflist}}

== References ==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Cite journal | last=Steinbach | first=Peter | year=1997 | title=Golden fields: A case for the Heptagon | journal=Mathematics Magazine | volume=70 | issue=Feb 1997 | pages=22–31 | doi=10.1080/0025570X.1997.11996494 | jstor=2691048 | ref={{SfnRef|Steinbach|1997}} }}
* {{Cite journal | last=Steinbach | first=Peter | year=2000 | title=Sections Beyond Golden| journal=Bridges: Mathematical Connections in Art, Music and Science | issue=2000 | pages=35-44 | url=https://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2000/bridges2000-35.pdf | ref={{SfnRef|Steinbach|2000}}}}
* {{Cite journal | last1=Kappraff | first1=Jay | last2=Jablan | first2=Slavik | last3=Adamson | first3=Gary | last4=Sazdanovich | first4=Radmila | year=2004 | title=Golden Fields, Generalized Fibonacci Sequences, and Chaotic Matrices | journal=Forma | volume=19 | pages=367-387 | url=https://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2005/bridges2005-369.pdf | ref={{SfnRef|Kappraff, Jablan, Adamson &amp; Sazdanovich|2004}} }}
* {{Cite journal | last1=Kappraff | first1=Jay | last2=Adamson | first2=Gary | year=2004 | title=Polygons and Chaos | journal=Dynamical Systems and Geometric Theories | url=https://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2001/bridges2001-67.pdf | ref={{SfnRef|Kappraff &amp; Adamson|2004}} }}
* {{Cite journal | last1=Fontaine | first1=Anne | last2=Hurley | first2=Susan | year=2006 | title=Proof by Picture: Products and Reciprocals of Diagonal Length Ratios in the Regular Polygon | journal=Forum Geometricorum | volume=6 | pages=97-101 | url=https://scispace.com/pdf/proof-by-picture-products-and-reciprocals-of-diagonal-length-1aian8mgp9.pdf }}
{{Refend}}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>2809980</id>
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      <text bytes="49860" sha1="f3g9v53ed40frzbcpea1623wlcrco9k" xml:space="preserve">{{align|center|David Brooks Christie}}
{{align|center|dc@samizdat.org}}
{{align|center|Draft in progress}}
{{align|center|January 2026 - April 2026}}

&lt;blockquote&gt;Steinbach discovered the formula for the ratios of diagonal to side in the regular polygons. Fontaine and Hurley extended this result, discovering a formula for the reciprocal of a regular polygon chord derived geometrically from the chord's star polygon. We observe that these findings in plane geometry apply more generally, to polytopes of any dimensionality. Fontaine and Hurley's geometric procedure for finding the reciprocals of the chords of a regular polygon from their star polygons also finds the rotational geodesics of any polytope of any dimensionality.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
== Introduction ==
Steinbach discovered the Diagonal Product Formula and the Golden Fields family of ratios of diagonal to side in the regular polygons. He showed how this family extends beyond the pentagon {5} with its well-known golden bisection proportional to 𝜙, finding that the heptagon {7} has an analogous trisection, the nonagon {9} has an analogous quadrasection, and the hendecagon {11} has an analogous pentasection, an extended family of golden proportions with quasiperiodic properties. 

Kappraff and Adamson extended these findings in plane geometry to a theory of Generalized Fibonacci Sequences, showing that the Golden Fields not only do not end with the hendecagon, they form an infinite number of periodic trajectories when operated on by the Mandelbrot operator. They found a relation between the edges of star polygons and dynamical systems in the state of chaos, revealing a connection between chaos theory, number, and rotations in Coxeter Euclidean geometry. 

Fontaine and Hurley examined Steinbach's finding that the length of each chord of a regular polygon is both the product of two chords and the sum of a set of smaller chords, so that in rotations to add is to multiply. They illustrated Steinbach's sets of additive chords lying parallel to each other in the plane (pointing in the same direction), and by applying Steinbach's formula more generally they found another summation relation of signed parallel chords (pointing in opposite directions) which relates each chord length to its reciprocal, and relates the summation to a distinct star polygon rotation. 

We examine these remarkable findings (which stem from study of the chords of humble regular polygons) in higher-dimensional spaces, specifically in the chords, polygons and rotations of the [[120-cell]], the largest four-dimensional regular convex polytope.

== Visualizing the 120-cell ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable floatright&quot; width=&quot;400&quot;
|style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot;|[[File:120-cell.gif|200px]]&lt;br&gt;Orthographic projection of the 600-point 120-cell &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\{5,3,3\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; performing a [[W:SO(4)#Geometry of 4D rotations|simple rotation]].{{Sfn|Hise|2011|loc=File:120-cell.gif|ps=; &quot;Created by Jason Hise with Maya and Macromedia Fireworks. A 3D projection of a 120-cell performing a [[W:SO(4)#Geometry of 4D rotations|simple rotation]].&quot;}} In this simplified rendering only the 120-cell's own edges are shown; its 29 interior chords are not rendered. Therefore even though it is translucent, only its outer surface is visible. The complex interior parts of the 120-cell, all its inscribed 5-cells, 16-cells, 8-cells, 24-cells, 600-cells and its much larger inventory of polyhedra, are completely invisible in this view, as none of their edges are rendered at all.
|style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot;|[[File:Ortho solid 016-uniform polychoron p33-t0.png|200px]]&lt;br&gt;Orthographic projection of the 600-point [[W:Great grand stellated 120-cell|great grand stellated 120-cell]] &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\{\tfrac{5}{2},3,3\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;.{{Sfn|Ruen: Great grand stellated 120-cell|2007}} The 120-cell is its convex hull. The projection to the left renders only the 120-cell's shortest chord, its 1200 edges. The projection above also renders only one of the 120-cell's 30 chords, the edges of its 120 inscribed regular 5-cells. The 120-cell itself (the convex hull) is invisible in this view, as its edges are not rendered.
|}

[[120-cell#Geometry|The 120-cell is the maximally complex regular 4-polytope]], containing inscribed instances of every regular 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-polytope, except the regular polygons of more than {15} sides. 

The 120-cell is the convex hull of a regular [[120-cell#Relationships among interior polytopes|compound of each of the 6 regular convex 4-polytopes]]. They are the [[5-cell|5-point (5-cell) 4-simplex]], the [[16-cell|8-point (16-cell) 4-orthoplex]], the [[W:Tesseract|16-point (8-cell) tesseract]], the [[24-cell|24-point (24-cell)]], the [[600-cell|120-point (600-cell)]], and the [[120-cell|600-point (120-cell)]]. The 120-cell is the convex hull of a compound of 120 disjoint regular 5-cells, of 75 disjoint 16-cells, of 25 disjoint 24-cells, and of 5 disjoint 600-cells.

The 120-cell contains an even larger inventory of irregular polytopes, created by the intersection of multiple instances of these component regular 4-polytopes. Many are quite unexpected, because they do not occur as components of any regular polytope smaller than the 120-cell. As just one example among the [[120-cell#Concentric hulls|sections of the 120-cell]], there is an irregular 24-point polyhedron with 16 triangle faces and 4 nonagon {9} faces.{{Sfn|Moxness|}}

Most renderings of the 120-cell, like the rotating projection here, only illustrate its outer surface, which is a honeycomb of face-bonded dodecahedral cells. Only the objects in its 3-dimensional surface are rendered, namely the 120 dodecahedra, their pentagon faces, and their edges. Although the 120-cell has chords of 30 distinct lengths, in this kind of simplified rendering only the 120-cell's own edges (its shortest chord) are shown. Its 29 interior chords, the edges of objects in the interior of the 120-cell, are not rendered, so interior objects are not visible at all.

Visualizing the complete interior of the 600-vertex 120-cell in a single image is impractical because of its complexity. Only four 120-cell edges are incident at each vertex, but [[120-cell#Chords|600 chords (of all 30 lengths)]] are incident at ''each'' vertex.

== Compounds in the 120-cell ==
The 8-point (16-cell), not the 5-point (5-cell), is the smallest building block; it compounds to every larger regular 4-polytope. The 5-point (5-cell) does compound to the 600-point (120-cell), but it does not fit into any smaller regular 4-polytope. 

The 8-point (16-cell) compounds by 2 in the 16-point (8-cell), and by 3 in the 24-point (24-cell). The 16-point (8-cell) compounds in the 24-point (24-cell) by 3 non-disjoint instances of itself, with each of the 24 vertices shared by two 16-point (8-cells). The 24-point (24-cell) compounds by 5 disjoint instances of itself in the 120-point (600-cell), and the 120-point (600-cell) compounds by 5 disjoint instances of itself in the 600-point (120-cell).

The 24-point (24-cell) also compounds by &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; non-disjoint instances of itself in the 120-point (600-cell); it compounds in 5 disjoint instances of itself, 10 (not 5) different ways. Whichever set of 5 disjoint 24-point (24-cells) are assembled, the resulting 120-point (600-cell) contains 25 distinct 24-point (24-cells), not just 5 (or 10). This implies that 15 disjoint 8-point (16-cells) will construct a 120-point (600-cell), which will contain 75 distinct 8-point (16-cells). 

The 600-point (120-cell) is 5 disjoint 120-point (600-cells), just 2 different ways (not 5 or 10 ways), so it is 10 distinct 120-point (600-cells). This implies that the 8-point (16-cell) compounds by 3 times &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; (75) disjoint instances of itself in the 600-point (120-cell), which contains &lt;math&gt;3^2&lt;/math&gt; times  &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; (225) distinct instances of the 24-point (24-cell), and  &lt;math&gt;3^3&lt;/math&gt; times &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; (675) distinct instances of the 8-point (16-cell). 

These facts were discovered painstakingly by various researchers, and no one has found a general rule governing subsumption relations among regular polytopes. The reasons for some of their numeric incidence relations are far from obvious. [[W:Pieter Hendrik Schoute|Schoute]] was the first to see that the 120-point (600-cell) is a compound of 5 24-point (24-cells) ''10 different ways'', and after he saw it a hundred years lapsed until Denney, Hooker, Johnson, Robinson, Butler &amp; Claiborne proved his result, and showed why.{{Sfn|Denney, Hooker, Johnson, Robinson, Butler &amp; Claiborne|2020|loc=''The geometry of H4 polytopes''}}

So much for the compounds of 16-cells. The 120-cell is also the convex hull of the compound of 120 disjoint regular 5-cells. That stellated compound (without its convex hull of 120-cell edges) is the [[w:Great_grand_stellated_120-cell|great grand stellated 120-cell]] illustrated above, the final regular [[W:Stellation|stellation]] of the 120-cell, and the only [[W:Schläfli-Hess polychoron|regular star 4-polytope]] to have the 120-cell for its convex hull. The edges of the great grand stellated 120-cell are &lt;math&gt;\phi^6&lt;/math&gt; as long as those of its 120-cell [[W:List of polyhedral stellations#Stellation process|stellation core]] deep inside.

The compound of 120 disjoint 5-point (5-cells) can be seen to be equivalent to the compound of 5 disjoint 120-point (600-cells), as follows. Beginning with a single 120-point (600-cell), expand each vertex into a regular 5-cell, by adding 4 new equidistant vertices, such that the 5 vertices form a regular 5-cell inscribed in the 3-sphere. The 120 5-cells are disjoint, and the 600 vertices form 5 disjoint 120-point (600-cells): a 120-cell.

== Thirty distinguished distances ==
The 30 numbers listed in the table are all-important in Euclidean geometry. A case can be made on symmetry grounds that their squares are the 30 most important numbers between 0 and 4. The 30 rows of the table are the 30 distinct [[120-cell#Geodesic rectangles|chord lengths of the unit-radius 120-cell]], the largest regular convex 4-polytope. Since the 120-cell subsumes all smaller regular polytopes, its 30 chords are the complete chord set of all the regular polytopes that can be constructed in the first four dimensions of Euclidean space, except for regular polygons of more than 15 sides.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center&quot;
!rowspan=2|&lt;math&gt;c_t&lt;/math&gt;
!rowspan=2|arc
!rowspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{n}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
!rowspan=2|&lt;math&gt;\left\{p\right\}&lt;/math&gt;
!rowspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;m\left\{\frac{k}{d}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
!rowspan=2|Steinbach roots
!colspan=7|Chord lengths of the unit 120-cell
|-
!colspan=5|unit-radius length &lt;math&gt;c_t&lt;/math&gt;
!colspan=2|unit-edge length &lt;math&gt;c_t/c_1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;br&gt;in 120-cell of radius &lt;math&gt;c_8=\sqrt{2}\phi^2&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{1,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;15.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{30\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{30\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{4,1}-c_{2,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7-3 \sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.270091&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2} \phi ^2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2 \phi ^4}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.072949}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{2,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;25.2{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{2}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \left\{15\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(c_{18,1}-c_{4,1}\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{3-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.437016&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2} \phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2 \phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.190983}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.61803&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{3,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;36{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{10\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3 \left\{\frac{10}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(\sqrt{5}-1\right) c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(\sqrt{5}-1\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.618034&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.381966}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.28825&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{4,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;41.4{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{c_{8,1}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.707107&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.61803&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{5,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;44.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{4}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \left\{\frac{15}{2}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} c_{2,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{9-3 \sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.756934&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}}{\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2 \phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.572949}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} \phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.80252&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{6,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;49.1{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{17}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{5-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{5-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.831254&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi }}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.690983}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi ^3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.07768&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{7,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;56.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{20}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{\phi }} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.93913&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{\frac{\psi }{\phi }}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\psi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.881966}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\psi  \phi ^3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.47709&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;60{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{5}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{6\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{6\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.70246&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{9,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;66.1{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{40}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{2 \phi }} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.09132&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{\frac{\chi }{\phi }}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\chi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.19098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\chi  \phi ^3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.04057&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{10,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;69.8{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{11}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi  c_{4,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2 \sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.14412&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\phi }{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\phi ^2}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.30902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^3&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.23607&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{11,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;72{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{6}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{5\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{5\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi }} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.17557&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3-\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3-\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.38197}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \sqrt{3-\phi } \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.3525&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{12,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;75.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{24}{5}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.22474&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.53457&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{13,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;81.1{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{13}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{9-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{9-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.30038&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{9-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(9-\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.69098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(9-\sqrt{5}\right)} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.8146&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{14,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;84.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{40}{9}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi } c_{8,1}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{1+\sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.345&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi }}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{5} \phi }{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.80902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi ^5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.9798&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{15,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;90.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{4\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{4\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 c_{4,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.41421&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.23607&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{16,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;95.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{29}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{11-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.4802&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(11-\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.19098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(11-\sqrt{5}\right)} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.48037&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{17,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;98.9{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{31}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7+\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{7+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.51954&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{7+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(7+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.30902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\psi  \phi ^5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.62605&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{18,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;104.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{8}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{15}{4}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.58114&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{5} \sqrt{\phi ^4}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.8541&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{19,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;108.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{9}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{10}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{3,1}+c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(1+\sqrt{5}\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.61803&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1+\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.61803}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \phi ^3&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.9907&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{20,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;110.2{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{13-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.64042&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(13-\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.69098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\phi ^2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.07359&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{21,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;113.9{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{19}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.67601&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.80902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\frac{\chi }{\phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.20537&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{22,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;120{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{10}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{3\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{3\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.73205&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{6} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.41285&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{23,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;124.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{41}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi }+\frac{5}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.7658&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4-\frac{\psi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4-\frac{\psi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.11803}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\chi  \phi ^5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.53779&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{24,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;130.9{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{20}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{11+\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.81907&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(11+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.30902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\frac{\sqrt{5}}{\phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.73503&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{25,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;135.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{11}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{11}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7+3 \sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7+3 \sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.85123&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\phi ^2}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\phi ^4}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.42705}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^4&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.8541&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{26,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;138.6{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{12}{5}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.87083&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{7} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.92667&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{27,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;144{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{12}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{5}{2}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(5+\sqrt{5}\right)} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(5+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.90211&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\phi +2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2+\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.61803}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{2 \phi +4}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.0425&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{28,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;154.8{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{13}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{13}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{13+\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.95167&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(13+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.80902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\frac{1}{\phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.22598&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{29,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;164.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{14}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{15}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi  c_{12,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{\frac{3}{2}} \left(1+\sqrt{5}\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.98168&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}} \phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3 \phi ^2}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.92705}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} \phi ^3&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.33708&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{30,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;180{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{15}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{2\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{2\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \sqrt{2} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.40492&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|rowspan=4 colspan=6|
|rowspan=4 colspan=4|
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; is the golden ratio:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2-\phi -1=0&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\phi }+1=\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;, and: &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi+1=\phi^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\phi }::1::\phi ::\phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1/\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; and &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; are the golden sections of &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi +\frac{1}{\phi }=\sqrt{5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi = (\sqrt{5} + 1)/2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.618034&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\chi = (3\sqrt{5} + 1)/2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.854102&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\psi = (3\sqrt{5} - 1)/2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.854102&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\psi = 11/\chi = 22/(3\sqrt{5} + 1)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.854102&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|}

...

== The 8-point regular polytopes ==
In 2-space we have the regular 8-point octagon, in 3-space the regular 8-point cube, and in 4-space the regular 8-point [[16-cell]].

A planar octagon with rigid edges of unit length has chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=1,r_2=\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}} \approx 1.84776,r_3=1+\sqrt{2} \approx 2.41421,r_4=\sqrt{4 + \sqrt{8}} \approx 2.61313&lt;/math&gt;

The chord ratio &lt;math&gt;r_3=1+\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt; is a geometrical proportion, the [[W:Silver ratio|silver ratio]]. Fontaine and Hurley's procedure for obtaining the reciprocal of a chord tells us that:

:&lt;math&gt;r_3-r_1-r_1=1/r_3 \approx 0.41421&lt;/math&gt;

Note that &lt;math&gt;1/r_3=\sqrt{2}-1=r_3-2&lt;/math&gt;.

If we embed this planar octagon in 3-space, we can make it skew, repositioning its vertices so that each is one unit-edge length distant from three others instead of two others, at the vertices of a unit-edge cube with chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=1, r_2=\sqrt{2}, r_3=\sqrt{3}, r_4=\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;

If we embed this cube in 4-space, we can skew it some more, repositioning its vertices so that each is one unit-edge length distant from six others instead of three others, at the vertices of a unit-edge 4-polytope with chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=1,r_2=1,r_3=1,r_4=\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;

All of its chords except its long diameters are the same unit length as its edge. In fact they are its 24 edges, and it is a 16-cell of radius &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1/\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;.

[[File:octagon16cell.png|thumb|Orthogonal projection of a regular 16-cell to the [[16-cell#Projections|B&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; Coxeter plane]]. Only its edges are shown; its long diameter chords are not drawn. All 24 edges are the same length. Only the edges of the two disjoint squares lie parallel to the projection plane, in completely orthogonal central planes.]]

The [[16-cell]] is the [[W:Regular convex 4-polytope|regular convex 4-polytope]] with [[W:Schläfli symbol|Schläfli symbol]] {3,3,4}. It has 8 vertices, 24 edges, 32 equilateral triangle faces, and 16 regular tetrahedron cells. It is the [[16-cell#Octahedral dipyramid|four-dimensional analogue of the octahedron]], and each of its four orthogonal central hyperplanes is an octahedron.

The only planar regular polygons found in the 16-cell are face triangles and central plane squares, but the 16-cell also contains a skew regular octagon, its [[W:Petrie polygon|Petrie polygon]]. The chords of this regular octagon, which lies skew in 4-space, are those given above for the 16-cell, as opposed to those for the cube or the regular octagon in the plane. The 16-cell is a construct of 3 Petrie octagons which share the same 8 vertices but have disjoint sets of 8 edges each.

The regular octad has higher symmetry in 4-space than it does in 2-space. The 16-cell is the 4-orthoplex, the simplest regular 4-polytope after the [[5-cell|4-simplex]]. All the larger regular convex 4-polytopes are compounds of the 16-cell. The regular octagon exhibits this high symmetry only when embedded in 4-space at the vertices of the 16-cell.

The 16-cell constitutes an [[W:Orthonormal basis|orthonormal basis]] for the choice of a 4-dimensional Cartesian reference frame, because its vertices define four orthogonal axes. The eight vertices of a unit-radius 16-cell are (±1, 0, 0, 0), (0, ±1, 0, 0), (0, 0, ±1, 0), (0, 0, 0, ±1). All vertices are connected by &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; edges except opposite pairs. 

The vertex coordinates of the 16-cell form 6 central squares lying in 6 pairwise [[W:Orthogonal|orthogonal]] coordinate planes. Great squares in ''opposite'' planes that do not share an axis (e.g. in the ''xy'' and ''wz'' planes) are completely disjoint (they do not intersect at any vertices). These planes are [[W:Completely orthogonal|completely orthogonal]].{{Efn|name=Six orthogonal planes of the Cartesian basis}}

Since this unit-radius coordinate system is convenient, let us derive the unit-radius 16-cell by skewing a unit-radius planar octagon, which has chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=\sqrt{2-\sqrt{2}} \approx 0.76537,r_2=\sqrt{2},r_3=\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}} \approx 1.84776,r_4=2&lt;/math&gt;

We will need a planar octagon with rigid &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; chords, rather than one with rigid &lt;math&gt;r_1&lt;/math&gt; edges. The octagon's &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; chords form two disjoint great squares, visible in the orthogonal projection, which we can reposition in 3-space to form a cube by making them parallel, and in 4-space to form a 16-cell by making them completely orthogonal.

In the 16-cell the two completely orthogonal great squares formed by the &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; chords are both parallel and perpendicular to each other. A ''simple'' rotation of the 16-cell in ''one'' of those two central planes rotates that square like a wheel, while the other square does not move. The four vertices of the rotating square orbit on a great circle in the plane.

The &lt;math&gt;r_1&lt;/math&gt; chords of the 16-cell form a Petrie polygon which zig-zags back and forth between the two completely orthogonal &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; squares.

The &lt;math&gt;r_3&lt;/math&gt; chords of the 16-cell form a circular helix, visible as a skew {8/3} octagram in the orthogonal projection. A ''double'' rotation of the 16-cell, in ''both'' of the two completely orthogonal &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; square planes at once by the same angle, moves the eight vertices along the circular helix over the &lt;math&gt;r_3&lt;/math&gt; chords. The circular helix is a [[w:Geodesic|geodesic]] great circle on the 3-sphere of a special kind: it does not lie in a central plane, its circumference is &lt;math&gt;4 \pi&lt;/math&gt;, and it occurs in either a left or right chiral form. We shall refer to the circular helix geodesic as an ''isocline'', and to the skew {8/3} octagram of its chords as a ''Clifford polygon''.

[[W:Rotations in 4-dimensional Euclidean space|Rotations in 4-dimensional Euclidean space]] can be seen as the composition of two 2-dimensional rotations in completely orthogonal planes. The general rotation in 4-space is a double rotation in pairs of completely orthogonal planes. Two completely orthogonal planes are called invariant planes of the rotation when all points in the plane rotate on circles that remain in the plane, even as the whole plane tilts sideways (like a coin flipping) into another plane. The two completely orthogonal rotations of each plane (like a wheel, and like a coin flipping) are simultaneous but independent, in that they are not geometrically constrained to turn at the same rate. However, the most circular kind of rotation (as opposed to an elliptical double rotation of a rigid spherical object) occurs when the invariant planes do rotate through the same angle in the same time interval. Such equi-angled double rotations are called [[w:SO(4)#Isoclinic_rotations|isoclinic]], also [[w:William_Kingdon_Clifford|Clifford]] displacements.

The 16-cell is the simplest possible frame in which to [[16-cell#Rotations|observe 4-dimensional rotations]] because its characteristic rotations feature a single pair of invariant rotation planes. In the 16-cell an isoclinic rotation by 90° in any pair of invariant completely orthogonal square central planes takes every square central plane to its completely orthogonal square central plane in a twisting displacement, as they tilt sideways 90° into each other's plane while rotating 90° internally. All the vertices move at once on the same circular helix geodesic isocline, displaced 90° in 8 orthogonal directions, and the rigid 16-cell assumes a new orientation in 4-space. When the 90° isoclinic rotation is continued in the same rotational direction through an additional 90°, each vertex is again displaced 90°, but from the new orientation in a direction orthogonal to its first 90° displacement. After 360° of rotation each vertex reaches its antipodal position.

The trajectory of each vertex over each 90° isoclinic rotational displacement is a one-eighth segment of its geodesic orbit. Its entire orbit traces a circular helix isocline in 4-space over eight &lt;math&gt;r_3&lt;/math&gt; chords, and also traces an ordinary great circle twice over the four &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; chords within one of the two moving invariant rotation planes. In the course of a 720° isoclinic rotation each vertex departs from all 8 vertex positions just once and returns to its original position, and the 16-cell returns to its original orientation.

== Hypercubes ==
The long diameter of the unit-edge [[W:Hypercube|hypercube]] of dimension &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; is &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{n}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;, so the unit-edge [[w:Tesseract|4-hypercube, the 16-point (8-cell) tesseract,]] has chords:
:&lt;math&gt;r_1=\sqrt{1},r_2=\sqrt{2},r_3=\sqrt{3},r_4=\sqrt{4}&lt;/math&gt;
Uniquely in its 4-dimensional case, the hypercube's edge length equals its radius, like the hexagon. We call such polytopes ''radially equilateral'', because they can be constructed from equilateral triangles which meet at their center, each contributing two radii and an edge. The cuboctahedron and the 24-cell are also radially equilateral.

The [[W:Tesseract|tesseract]] is the [[W:Regular convex 4-polytope|regular convex 4-polytope]] with [[W:Schläfli symbol|Schläfli symbol]] {4,3,3}. It has 16 vertices, 32 edges, 24 square faces, and 8 cube cells. It is the four-dimensional analogue of the cube.

The 16-point tesseract is the convex hull of a compound of two 8-point 16-cells, in exact dimensional analogy to the way the 8-point cube is the convex hull of a [[W:Stellated octahedron|compound of two 4-point regular tetrahedra]]. The [[W:Demihypercube|demihypercubes]] occupy alternate vertices of the hypercubes. The diagonals of the square faces of the unit-edge, unit-radius tesseract are the &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; edges of two unit-radius 16-cells, also the edges of the square central planes.

We can rotate the tesseract isoclinically the way we rotated the 16-cell, by 90° in two completely orthogonal invariant square central planes, with the same effect on both alternate-position 16-cells. In the course of a 720° isoclinic rotation in invariant square central planes each vertex departs from all 8 vertex positions of its 16-cell just once and returns to its original position, but it does not visit the vertex positions of the other 16-cell. The skew octagon geodesic orbits of the 16 vertices lie on two disjoint octagram circular helix isoclines of the same chirality, which are [[w:Clifford_parallel|Clifford parallel]] objects that form a circular double helix.

The tesseract is the [[W:Dual polytope|dual polytope]] of the 16-cell. They have the same Petrie polygon, the regular skew octagon, but the tesseract is a construct of 4 Petrie octagons with disjoint sets of 8 tesseract edges each. Two Petrie octagons cross at each vertex.

We can construct the tesseract by skewing two planar octagons. Because the tesseract is radially equilateral (unlike the 16-cell), we use two octagons of unit-edge length to build the unit-radius tesseract. To start we embed the planar octagons in 4-space at the same point and make them completely orthogonal. Then we skew each planar octagon into a cube, so we have a compound of two completely orthogonal cubes. Provided we skewed them both in the same rotational direction, the 16 vertices will be the vertices of a tesseract with half its 32 edges missing.

Because the tesseract contains two 16-cells in alternate positions it has two sets of 6 orthogonal square central planes. Two angles are required to specify the relationship between two planes in 4-space. Pairs of square central planes within each 16-cell are 90° apart in one angle, and either 0° or 90° apart in the other angle. They are 90° apart in both angles if and only if they are completely orthogonal planes, 90° apart by isoclinic rotation, with no vertices in common. Otherwise they are 0° apart in one of the angles, 90° apart by simple rotation, and they intersect in one axis and lie in a common 3-dimensional hyperplane.{{Efn|A double rotation in which one of the two angles of rotation is 0°, so that one of the completely orthogonal invariant planes does not rotate, is called a simple rotation. Ordinary rotations observed in a 3-dimensional space are simple rotations.}}

A pair of square central planes from alternate-position 16-cells are 60° apart by isoclinic rotation, with their corresponding vertices 120° apart. The planes are not orthogonal or parallel, so they intersect in a line somewhere, but they have no vertices in common, they have no 3-dimensional hyperplane in common, and they cannot reach each other by simple rotation. Such pairs of objects are called [[W:Clifford parallel|Clifford parallel]] because all their corresponding pairs of vertices are the same distance apart, although they are not parallel in the usual sense, because they have a common center. Not only the alternate-position 16-cells' corresponding square central planes, but also the 16-cells themselves, are Clifford parallel objects. More generally, multiple disjoint instances of a 4-polytope which compound to make a larger 4-polytope are Clifford parallel objects.

== The 24-cell ==
In 2-space we have the radially equilateral 6-point hexagon. In 3-space we have the radially equilateral 12-point cuboctahedron, with 4 hexagonal central planes. In 4-space we have the radially equilateral 24-point 24-cell, with 4 cuboctahedron central hyperplanes and 16 hexagonal central planes.

The [[24-cell]] is the regular convex 4-polytope with Schläfli symbol {3,4,3}. It has 24 vertices, 96 edges, 96 equilateral triangle faces, and 24 octahedron cells. It is the four-dimensional analogue of the cuboctahedron.

The 24-cell has the same chord set as the 4-hypercube tesseract:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=1,r_2=\sqrt{2},r_3=\sqrt{3},r_4=\sqrt{4}&lt;/math&gt;

The 24-cell is its own [[W:Dual polytope|dual polytope]]. Its Petrie polygon is the skew regular dodecahedron {12}, which has chords:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=1,r_2=\sqrt{2},r_3=\sqrt{3},r_4=\sqrt{4}&lt;/math&gt;

The 24-cell is a construct of eight Petrie dodecahedrons with disjoint sets of 12 edges each.

...

The 24-point 24-cell is the convex hull of a compound of three disjoint 8-point 16-cells, rotated 60° isoclinically with respect to each other. Each of the three pairs of 16-cells is a tesseract. Each 24-cell edge is also a tesseract edge. The corresponding vertices of two 16-cells or two tesseracts are &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}=120^\circ&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; apart. Each tesseract has 8 cube cells, and each cube has four &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; long diameters. The &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; chords joining the corresponding vertices of two tesseracts belong to the third tesseract as cube long diameters.

We can rotate the 24-cell isoclinically the way we rotated the 16-cell, by 90° in two completely orthogonal invariant square central planes, with the same effect on all three 16-cells. In the course of a 720° isoclinic rotation in invariant square central planes each vertex departs from all 8 vertex positions of its 16-cell just once and returns to its original position, but it does not visit the vertex positions of the other 16-cells. The three disjoint skew octagon geodesic orbits of the 24 vertices form a circular triple helix.

We can also rotate the 24-cell isoclinically by 60° in two completely orthogonal invariant hexagonal central planes, which takes every hexagonal central plane to a Clifford parallel hexagonal central plane. Great hexagons are a rounder choice than great squares for the invariant rotation planes in which to rotate a 4-polytope. A complete hexagonal isoclinic revolution requires 720° like a square isoclinic revolution, but it is completed in 6 chordal steps of 120° each rather than 8 chordal steps of 90° each.

The trajectory of each vertex over each 90° isoclinic rotational displacement is a one-eighth segment of its geodesic orbit. Its entire orbit traces a circular helix isocline in 4-space over eight &lt;math&gt;r_3&lt;/math&gt; chords, and also traces an ordinary great circle twice over the four &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt; chords within one of the two moving invariant rotation planes. In the course of a 720° isoclinic rotation each vertex departs from all 8 vertex positions just once and returns to its original position, and the 16-cell returns to its original orientation.

...

== The 600-cell ==

...

== Finally the 120-cell ==

...

== Conclusions ==

Fontaine and Hurley's discovery is more than a formula for the reciprocal of a regular ''n''-polygon diagonal. It also yields the discrete sequence of isocline chords of the distinct isoclinic rotation characteristic of a ''d''-dimensional regular polytope. The characteristic rotational chord sequence of the ''d''-polytope can be represented geometrically in two dimensions on a distinct star polygon, but it lies on a geodesic circle through ''d''-dimensional space. Fontaine and Hurley discovered the geodesic topology of polytopes generally. Their procedure will reveal the geodesics of arbitrary non-uniform polytopes, since it can be applied to a polytope of any dimensionality and irregularity, by first fitting the polytope to the smallest regular polygon whose chords include its chords.

Fontaine and Hurley's discovery of a chordal formula for isoclinic rotations closes the circuit on Kappraff and Adamson's discovery of a rotational connection between dynamical systems, Steinbach's golden fields, and Coxeter's Euclidean geometry of ''n'' dimensions. Application of the Fontaine and Hurley procedure in higher-dimensional spaces demonstrates why the connection exists: because polytope sequences generally, from Steinbach's golden polygon chord sequences, to chord sequences in isoclinic rotation helixes, to subsumption relations in the sequence of regular 4-polytopes, arise as expressions of the reflections and rotations of distinct Coxeter symmetry groups, when those various groups interact.

== Appendix: Sequence of regular 4-polytopes ==
{{Regular convex 4-polytopes|wiki=W:|columns=7}}

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== Citations ==
{{Reflist}}

== References ==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Cite journal | last=Steinbach | first=Peter | year=1997 | title=Golden fields: A case for the Heptagon | journal=Mathematics Magazine | volume=70 | issue=Feb 1997 | pages=22–31 | doi=10.1080/0025570X.1997.11996494 | jstor=2691048 | ref={{SfnRef|Steinbach|1997}} }}
* {{Cite journal | last=Steinbach | first=Peter | year=2000 | title=Sections Beyond Golden| journal=Bridges: Mathematical Connections in Art, Music and Science | issue=2000 | pages=35-44 | url=https://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2000/bridges2000-35.pdf | ref={{SfnRef|Steinbach|2000}}}}
* {{Cite journal | last1=Kappraff | first1=Jay | last2=Jablan | first2=Slavik | last3=Adamson | first3=Gary | last4=Sazdanovich | first4=Radmila | year=2004 | title=Golden Fields, Generalized Fibonacci Sequences, and Chaotic Matrices | journal=Forma | volume=19 | pages=367-387 | url=https://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2005/bridges2005-369.pdf | ref={{SfnRef|Kappraff, Jablan, Adamson &amp; Sazdanovich|2004}} }}
* {{Cite journal | last1=Kappraff | first1=Jay | last2=Adamson | first2=Gary | year=2004 | title=Polygons and Chaos | journal=Dynamical Systems and Geometric Theories | url=https://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2001/bridges2001-67.pdf | ref={{SfnRef|Kappraff &amp; Adamson|2004}} }}
* {{Cite journal | last1=Fontaine | first1=Anne | last2=Hurley | first2=Susan | year=2006 | title=Proof by Picture: Products and Reciprocals of Diagonal Length Ratios in the Regular Polygon | journal=Forum Geometricorum | volume=6 | pages=97-101 | url=https://scispace.com/pdf/proof-by-picture-products-and-reciprocals-of-diagonal-length-1aian8mgp9.pdf }}
{{Refend}}</text>
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            'margin-left':'10px',
            'padding':'6px 12px',
            'background':'#6c757d',
            'color':'#fff',
            'border':'none',
            'border-radius':'4px',
            'cursor':'pointer'
        });

        var progressBar = $('&lt;div&gt;').css({
            'margin-top':'15px',
            'width':'100%',
            'height':'8px',
            'background':'#e9ecef',
            'border-radius':'4px',
            'overflow':'hidden',
            'display':'none'
        }).append(
            $('&lt;div&gt;').attr('id','rfd-progress').css({
                'width':'0%',
                'height':'100%',
                'background':'#007bff',
                'transition':'width 0.3s'
            })
        );

        box.append(header, textarea, submitBtn, cancelBtn, progressBar);
        $('body').append(box);

        cancelBtn.on('click', function () {
            box.remove();
        });

        submitBtn.on('click', function () {
            var rationale = $('#rfd-rationale').val();
            if (!rationale) {
                alert('Please enter a rationale.');
                return;
            }

            var pageName = mw.config.get('wgPageName');
            progressBar.show();
            $('#rfd-progress').css('width','30%');

            var rfdTag = '{' + '{rfd}}';

            api.edit(pageName, function (revision) {
                return {
                    text: rfdTag + '\n' + revision.content,
                    summary: 'Adding deletion request via [[User:PieWriter/RFD.js|script]]'
                };
            }).done(function () {
                $('#rfd-progress').css('width','70%');

                var signature = '&lt;no' + 'wiki&gt;&lt;/no' + 'wiki&gt; ~~' + '~~\n';

                api.edit('Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion', function (revision) {
                    return {
                        text: revision.content +
                              '\n==[[' + pageName + ']]==\n' +
                              rationale + ' ' + signature,
                        summary: 'Adding deletion request via [[User:PieWriter/RFD.js|script]]'
                    };
                }).done(function () {
                    $('#rfd-progress').css('width','100%');
                    setTimeout(function () {
                        alert('Deletion request submitted successfully.');
                        box.remove();
                    }, 500);
                }).fail(function (err) {
                    alert('Error updating Requests for Deletion: ' + err);
                    box.remove();
                });
            }).fail(function (err) {
                alert('Error tagging page: ' + err);
                box.remove();
            });
        });
    });
});</text>
      <sha1>oiz62n4y4r5wg5j5j20ah662gyoym6c</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2810056</id>
      <parentid>2810053</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T07:58:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>PieWriter</username>
        <id>3039865</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Restored revision 2810051 by [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|talk]]) (TwinkleGlobal)</comment>
      <origin>2810056</origin>
      <model>javascript</model>
      <format>text/javascript</format>
      <text bytes="4326" sha1="49ou9yb4wnbsma03ayc8otxe1lpgr5f" xml:space="preserve">mw.loader.using(['mediawiki.util', 'mediawiki.api'], function () {
    var api = new mw.Api();

    mw.util.addPortletLink(
        'p-views',
        '#',
        'RFD',
        'ca-rfd',
        'Request for Deletion'
    );

    $('#ca-rfd').on('click', function (e) {
        e.preventDefault();

        var box = $('&lt;div&gt;').css({
            'position': 'fixed',
            'top': '20%',
            'left': '30%',
            'width': '40%',
            'background': '#f9f9f9',
            'border': '1px solid #aaa',
            'padding': '20px',
            'box-shadow': '0 0 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.3)',
            'z-index': 9999,
            'border-radius': '6px'
        });

        var header = $('&lt;h3&gt;').text('Request for Deletion').css({
            'margin-top': '0',
            'background': '#cce5ff',
            'padding': '8px',
            'border-radius': '4px'
        });

        var textarea = $('&lt;textarea&gt;')
            .attr('rows', 6)
            .attr('cols', 50)
            .attr('id', 'rfd-rationale')
            .css({'width':'100%', 'margin-top':'10px'})
            .attr('placeholder', 'Enter your rationale here...');

        var submitBtn = $('&lt;button&gt;').text('Submit').css({
            'margin-top':'10px',
            'padding':'6px 12px',
            'background':'#007bff',
            'color':'#fff',
            'border':'none',
            'border-radius':'4px',
            'cursor':'pointer'
        });

        var cancelBtn = $('&lt;button&gt;').text('Cancel').css({
            'margin-top':'10px',
            'margin-left':'10px',
            'padding':'6px 12px',
            'background':'#6c757d',
            'color':'#fff',
            'border':'none',
            'border-radius':'4px',
            'cursor':'pointer'
        });

        var progressBar = $('&lt;div&gt;').css({
            'margin-top':'15px',
            'width':'100%',
            'height':'8px',
            'background':'#e9ecef',
            'border-radius':'4px',
            'overflow':'hidden',
            'display':'none'
        }).append(
            $('&lt;div&gt;').attr('id','rfd-progress').css({
                'width':'0%',
                'height':'100%',
                'background':'#007bff',
                'transition':'width 0.3s'
            })
        );

        box.append(header, textarea, submitBtn, cancelBtn, progressBar);
        $('body').append(box);

        cancelBtn.on('click', function () {
            box.remove();
        });

        submitBtn.on('click', function () {
            var rationale = $('#rfd-rationale').val();
            if (!rationale) {
                alert('Please enter a rationale.');
                return;
            }

            var pageName = mw.config.get('wgPageName');
            progressBar.show();
            $('#rfd-progress').css('width','30%');

            var rfdTag = '{' + '{rfd}}';

            api.edit(pageName, function (revision) {
                return {
                    text: rfdTag + '\n' + revision.content,
                    summary: 'Adding deletion request via [[User:PieWriter/RFD.js|script]]'
                };
            }).done(function () {
                $('#rfd-progress').css('width','70%');

                var signature = '&lt;no' + 'wiki&gt;&lt;/no' + 'wiki&gt; ~~' + '~~\n';

                api.edit('Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion', function (revision) {
                    return {
                        text: revision.content +
                              '\n==[[' + pageName + ']]==\n' +
                              rationale + ' ' + signature,
                        summary: 'Adding deletion request via [[User:PieWriter/RFD.js|script]]'
                    };
                }).done(function () {
                    $('#rfd-progress').css('width','100%');
                    setTimeout(function () {
                        alert('Deletion request submitted successfully.');
                        box.remove();
                    }, 500);
                }).fail(function (err) {
                    alert('Error updating Requests for Deletion: ' + err);
                    box.remove();
                });
            }).fail(function (err) {
                alert('Error tagging page: ' + err);
                box.remove();
            });
        });
    });
});</text>
      <sha1>49ou9yb4wnbsma03ayc8otxe1lpgr5f</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User talk:PieWriter/RFD.js</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>328448</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2810052</id>
      <parentid>2809911</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T07:55:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>PieWriter</username>
        <id>3039865</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Category */ Reply</comment>
      <origin>2810052</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1102" sha1="hic9u3mnozq5chjsrg6nasefaj2mqz7" xml:space="preserve">== Invocation ==

{{U|PieWriter}} having installed your script it is not clear to me how it is invoked. 🇵🇸&amp;zwj;🇺🇦&amp;nbsp;[[User:Timtrent|Timtrent]]&amp;nbsp;🇺🇦&amp;nbsp;[[User talk:Timtrent|talk to me]]&amp;nbsp;🇺🇦&amp;zwj;🇵🇸 12:38, 17 March 2026 (UTC)

:check the RFD button beside view history @[[User:Timtrent|Timtrent]] [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 13:19, 17 March 2026 (UTC)
:&lt;small&gt;I forgot to remove the &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rfd}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; &lt;/small&gt; [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 13:22, 17 March 2026 (UTC)

== Category ==
{{U|PieWriter}} is there a way to stop this page from listing at [[:Category:Requests for Deletion]]? -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:21, 17 May 2026 (UTC)

:@[[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] Fixed [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 07:55, 18 May 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>hic9u3mnozq5chjsrg6nasefaj2mqz7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User talk:EndermanSurfgo</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>328837</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2810044</id>
      <parentid>2804926</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T04:50:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SHB2000</username>
        <id>2914839</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>SHB2000 moved page [[User talk:MadEnderman]] to [[User talk:EndermanSurfgo]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user &quot;[[Special:CentralAuth/MadEnderman|MadEnderman]]&quot; to &quot;[[Special:CentralAuth/EndermanSurfgo|EndermanSurfgo]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>2802532</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2340" sha1="bw9w2cavghwqatsy5ypndyj5ufftr4j" xml:space="preserve">==Welcome==
{{Robelbox|theme=9|title='''[[Wikiversity:Welcome|Welcome]] to [[Wikiversity:What is Wikiversity|Wikiversity]],  WelpThisIsMyUsername!'''|width=100%}}
&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
You can [[Wikiversity:Contact|contact us]] with [[Wikiversity:Questions|questions]] at the [[Wikiversity:Colloquium|colloquium]] or get in touch with [[User talk:PieWriter|me personally]] if you would like some [[Help:Contents|help]].

Remember to [[Wikiversity:Signature#How to add your signature|sign]] your comments when [[Wikiversity:Who are Wikiversity participants?|participating]] in [[Wikiversity:Talk page|discussions]]. Using the signature icon [[File:OOjs UI icon signature-ltr.svg]] makes it simple.

We invite you to [[Wikiversity:Be bold|be bold]] and [[Wikiversity|assume good faith]]. Please abide by our [[Wikiversity:Civility|civility]], [[Wikiversity:Privacy policy|privacy]], and [[Foundation:Terms of Use|terms of use]] policies.

To find your way around, check out:
&lt;!-- The Left column --&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;width:50.0%; float:left&quot;&gt;
* [[Wikiversity:Introduction|Introduction to Wikiversity]]
* [[Help:Guides|Take a guided tour]] and learn [[Help:Editing|how to edit]]
* [[Wikiversity:Browse|Browse]] or visit an educational level portal:&lt;br&gt;[[Portal:Pre-school Education|pre-school]] | [[Portal:Primary Education|primary]] | [[Portal:Secondary Education|secondary]] | [[Portal:Tertiary Education|tertiary]] | [[Portal:Non-formal Education|non-formal]]
* [[Wikiversity:Introduction explore|Explore]] links in left-hand navigation menu
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- The Right column --&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;width:50.0%; float:left&quot;&gt;

* Read an [[Wikiversity:Wikiversity teachers|introduction for teachers]]
* Learn [[Help:How to write an educational resource|how to write an educational resource]]
* Find out about [[Wikiversity:Research|research]] activities
* Give [[Wikiversity:Feedback|feedback]] about your observations
* Discuss issues or ask questions at the [[Wikiversity:Colloquium|colloquium]]
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br clear=&quot;both&quot;/&gt;

To get started, experiment in the [[wikiversity:sandbox|sandbox]] or on [[special:mypage|your userpage]].

See you around Wikiversity! --[[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 04:24, 3 April 2026 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Template:Welcome --&gt;
{{Robelbox/close}}</text>
      <sha1>bw9w2cavghwqatsy5ypndyj5ufftr4j</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:ThinkingScience/ND Inspired Idea Notebook</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>329177</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2810105</id>
      <parentid>2807635</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T11:04:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ThinkingScience</username>
        <id>3061446</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* May 5, 2026 */ == May 18, 2026, Monday ==</comment>
      <origin>2810105</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7761" sha1="j8l6wmf9qf4s5glwuvh7xhxyprjvz4e" xml:space="preserve">Template Links:
* {{tl|Draft}}
* {{tl|underconstruction}}

'''On this page I plan to add daily notes regarding [[Draft:The Neurodiversity-inspired Idea]].'''

== &quot;Diary&quot; ==

== April 18, 2026 ==

A suggestion I got was that it may help the project if I provide some questions along with the idea. Also to make a main space where I gather info about my progress but that will probably be the draft itself if I move forward. Now if I write a &quot;diary&quot; that will be only regarding the project.

Turned &quot;me language&quot; into expressing that everyone is welcome, that I don't &quot;own&quot; [[Draft:The Neurodiversity-inspired Idea]]. Now everything that says &quot;I did this&quot; &quot;I did that&quot; should be gone. I think this was an improvement of some sort.

Plan for next edits on the draft page: Add an &lt;nowiki&gt;&quot; == Old Methodology needing updating == &quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt; where I will add old methodologies where I had not planned ahead too good and the &quot;Do no harm&quot; I did not know about or could not focus on. That was before I created my own Draft that feels like it only happened some days ago.

Interaction I thought was an efficient method but how would methodology be modified today with what I know now and will know in the future?

== April 20, 2026 ==

Why does it seem like I'm the only one using the word &quot;methodology&quot;? Did the [[Wikiversity:Research ethics]] mention it?
* I cannot find it! I checked all infoboxes! It must have been generated and I probably never questioned it...until now.

== April 21, 2026 ==

I think I put a new subsection on the Draft space something that was related to developing my method/methodology into the &quot;Do no harm&quot;. Considering I have almost not developed anything but I still gotta work on this...to do...

== April 22, 2026 ==

I am yearning / looking forward to working on video notes in a &quot;Do no harm&quot; way. I don't feel like it has happened yet. I did make modifications but it may have increased complexity. A complexity that will make it harder for me to work or just different.

== April 27, 2026 ==

I met with my father and he is a friend of the sciences. One word: hypothesis. He asked what my main hypothesis is. Of course hypothesis is a way to test if the idea is sound or if it's for the trashcan. I'm glad he gave me this feedback or interest in trying to learn more.

Today I woke up being inspired by that:

* Is there a hypothesis or a number of hypotheses related to the idea?
** Can this idea be proven false?

Why it's important to prove a hypothesis false: so that we don't waste time on trash ideas. If they are not provable we give time to the creator of the suggestion/idea to prove make a hypothesis. Only when the creator fails to provide any sort of hypothesis and maybe suggests their own idea be removed because as hard as they tried they couldn't make a functioning hypothesis...then I guess that's one of the more 'natural' ways for a project to more naturally leave Wikiversity.

Deadlines etc. can help me keep moving...

What a hypothesis is: &quot;I predict this will happen&quot; and then checking results what happens and whether it fulfilled the prediction or not and sometimes we stumble upon new things we did not expect.

[[Operationalization]] is then also needed to make &quot;ambiguous ideas&quot; measurable. My father remembers that I &quot;wanted to save the world&quot; but it was nothing other than an observation I wanted to share with other people that I had made that began years earlier. June 16 should be 2 months roughly after the creation of the Draft:Idea...

== April 29, 2026 ==

Just made my father aware of this &quot;idea&quot; that so far doesn't have a published hypothesis of any kind, not even in a &quot;basic stage&quot;. Only the deadline for June 16 exists right now.

I'm happy he did not reject me working on it. He encourages me to work harder. I got a &quot;Great job so far!&quot; compliment.

=== Google's &quot;AI Mode&quot; ===

This part was 100% AI-generated:

{{quote|What you are describing is a core concept in the philosophy of science called Falsification. It was popularized by Karl Popper, who argued that science doesn't progress by &quot;proving things right,&quot; but by rigorously trying to prove things wrong and failing to do so.}}

== April 30, 2026 ==

Was gonna start writing on the Colloquium again and composed a large message to reply/'talk to' Jtneill but I got input from &quot;AI Mode&quot; and then I realized after a while, maybe what I'm trying to ask I can find out with the help of &quot;AI Mode&quot; leading me to the right resources? ie. formatting on talk pages...how important is that? Prioritizing...

Also replying to everything? Is it really needed? Would I like to be known as &quot;Needy ThinkingScience&quot;? I can't do anything on my own? So yeah, I started thinking maybe I can focus on doing more.
Starting by talking less and the tools we have available can fix a lot anyway, LLMs are great but designed in interesting and challenging ways!

Do I even need a mentor or do I '''just think I need one'''? I am very much a needy guy in terms of hand-holding and being related to a social context &quot;historically&quot; in my life, or at least that's what I thought. What I think I need for myself may be completely wrong.

People in talk pages I interpreted as saying that I shouldn't put obstacles in my path by being mean to myself and putting pressure on myself to do certain things in a certain amount of time but I guess I couldn't stop myself! I also need a social context but would I just drag others into my &quot;bad routines&quot;? It all depends on who one interacts with...which now makes me think about &quot;the idea&quot; again. I guess I should see this as a warning sign :)

My father suggested peer-review related activities and here I am looking inward and isolating myself. I don't know...

:I figured today I begin with {{quote|April 20th experiment, &quot;AI Decisions, sure. AI-generation NEVER&quot;}}

== May 5, 2026 ==

Today I became very emotional when thinking about the importance of taking the decision to finally &quot;unload&quot; my idea on and trying to develop it on Wikiversity while talking to a friend. It's important to know when I last felt this deep of an &quot;emotion unload&quot;.

The original question from my friend in the original language: {{quote|&quot;Σκεφτόμουν εάν αυτή η συναισθηματική αντίδραση σου συμβαίνει συχνά ή εάν έτυχε απλώς τώρα στην συνάντησή μας?&quot;}} which I'll translate for you. I was also pondering the &quot;suitability&quot; of adding foreign languages to Wikiversity. It would make sense as long as that is the training material for the course which is in English about learning a foreign language.

The question as I interpret it as of this moment and which may be incorrect is this:

{{quote|I was thinking if this emotional reaction happens to you often or if it just happened now at the meeting?}}

And I think I remember my answer being that it only happened now.

It was very important for me because no longer will only I think about this draft in my own mind but other people can think too about what I describe about it. Any data I can find will also then be able to be studied by contributors or interested parties. So far, no data at all.

My point: Not having to carry this weight anymore. It was too heavy. It was basically too hard for me to formulate &quot;coherent&quot; sentences and only thought about them at brief periods while waking up or during &quot;Aha!&quot; moments.

== May 18, 2026, Monday ==

As I wrote in the diary of my main user account, screen arrived. I can now work.

I will continue work on the translation for my unfinished draft &quot;idea&quot; on the Greek Wikiversity. I'm following the &quot;Be bold&quot;. Translating also means processing, that means that a different &quot;take&quot; on the idea may happen. That may lead to a better formulated text.</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Draft:The Neurodiversity-inspired Idea/AI Prompt History for Questions</title>
    <ns>118</ns>
    <id>329180</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2810115</id>
      <parentid>2808115</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T11:39:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ThinkingScience</username>
        <id>3061446</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>human output is better explained, even though common sense already tells the user?</comment>
      <origin>2810115</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9322" sha1="a7weyklv1hkb8us1j62t0e61g4c323l" xml:space="preserve">{{AI-generated}}

For practical purposes we can assume that everything on this page is &quot;AI-generated&quot;. Where it is not, it will be stated.

How questions were generated appear on this page for transparency reasons. The input and output questions are documented.

This is a page where one can get a question and then work further to refine the question. This is some disorganized inputs and outputs. Inputs are sent to an AI/LLM and outputs is about what the AI/LLM gives the user.

When it says &quot;'''human output'''&quot; that means that a user thought of a question or a comment based on an AI's/LLM's output.

== &quot;AI Mode&quot; by Google inputs/outputs ==

News: In this section today at April 27, 2026 a new 'data point'/method for noting down multiple inputs which were typed before without the output as the previous output may be ignored because only the latest output may be interesting for the user. We call this:

* &quot;pre-input&quot; - &quot;pre-input&quot; are inputs that were sent before the main input where we also provide the output. The pre-inputs don't need their own outputs as that adds too much complexity and we try to avoid spamming Wikiversity.

Please feel free to add subsections here.

* human input April 18, 2026: I have an idea and I'm developing the idea here on English Wikiversity: Draft:The Neurodiversity-inspired Idea. What kind of questions might I need to move forward. I'm looking for academic feedback. The problem is &quot;people don't understand themselves&quot; and have to go through &quot;dragged-out diagnosis processes&quot; by psychiatrists. The problem to be solved: how the brain works and presenting a system how it can be mapped.
** output Purpose: &quot;What specific problem does this idea solve for the reader?&quot;
** output Reach: &quot;Who is the primary 'student' for this draft?&quot;
*** human output: Who is the target audience for this draft?
** output Validation: &quot;What existing research or lived experience supports this claim?&quot;
** output Interactivity: &quot;What can a reader do with this information right now?&quot;

* human input: Is a &quot;neurotype&quot; up for debate? Does every researcher have their own definition of what a &quot;neurotype&quot; is? Based on this input can you suggest better questhe tions?

=== Creating a hypothesis ===

Misspellings have been kept. Don't correct misspellings in inputs or outputs. Misspellings are data.

* pre inputs by human to &quot;AI Mode&quot; on April 27, 2026
** operationalization (Q286017) describes itself on Wikidata as: &quot;process of defining the measurement of a phenomenon that is not directly measurable, though its existence is indicated by other phenomena&quot; What does that mean in 20 words max?
** what is operationalization for ie. a hypothesis about whether sunlight is good for plants or not?
** I operationalization a scientific concept and is it available on wikiversity?
** Can a hypothesis be created for this project? https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Draft:The_Neurodiversity-inspired_Idea#%22Research_projects_must_fully_document_the_methods%22
** neurodiversity-inspired is not the same thing as neurodiversity-based
** bro you are lost in the neurodiversity mumbo jumbo
** Let's just agree on one thing: If I don't tell you what I'm thinking, you won't know? Correct?
** so that's why I should provide some input, but question is when?
** What do you mean now? Now now or now?(joke)
** Whenever I am ready. That's well explained! I am not yet ready so while I'm not ready please don't blather like a...like a...
** When I'm ready I'll telll you, then you'll respond and then I will send you my idea, ok?
** I'm not ready yet. My hypothesis or hypotheses are measuring rapport between individuals. For the hypothesis I need to state how rapport will be measured.
* human input to same &quot;AI Mode&quot; on April 27, 2026: So the individuals that participate in the 'sociological' hypothesis experiment will interact through the tool known as &quot;Etherpad&quot;.
** &quot;AI Mode&quot; output same date: {{quote|That is a great choice for a study because Etherpad produces a literal &quot;paper trail&quot; of the interaction. Since it's a collaborative text editor, you can track rapport through the digital footprint of how people type together.
When you are ready to send your full idea, we can look at measuring rapport in Etherpad through things like:

* Synchronicity: How often they type at the exact same time.
* Editing behavior: Do they delete each other's work or build upon it?
* Chat usage: How much they use the side-bar chat versus the main document.

I'll keep it brief as requested. Standing by for your signal.}}

=== Methodology questions ===

* human input April 20, 2026: On Wikiversity they say &quot;ask the right questions with your idea&quot;. I got an idea, this is my idea: &quot;The Neurodiversity-inspired idea&quot;. My methodology is about watching videos of famous people but I want to do the public notes in a way that doesn't &quot;offend the famous people&quot; when I compare them with other famous people.
** output: &quot;How does this person's way of processing information differ from or similar to the other person in this comparison?&quot;, &quot;What strengths or 'superpowers' are evident in how they navigate this specific situation?&quot;. Strategy for Non-Offensive Public Notes. Focus on Behaviours, Not Diagnoses: Only comment on observed actions or statements. Use phrases like, &quot;Their speaking style is consistent with...&quot; rather than &quot;They are...&quot;.

'''Methodology questions'''

When watching a famous person in a video interview in the current &quot;methodology&quot;:
* How does this person's way of processing information differ to another person in this comparison? (modified by a human)
* What strengths or 'superpowers' are evident in how they navigate this specific situation?

==== Failures in output we can learn from in Methodology questions to AIs/LLMs ====

It's not always easy to find the right questions. When the question has some problems that causes an output that doesn't make sense they can be put in this section.

* human input April 19, 2026: I'm looking for an English-Wikiversity-compliant methodology to study famous people in video interviews while &quot;being allowed&quot; to group them together without it being &quot;heresy&quot; in scientific communities. Can you formulate that as a question?
** output &quot;didn't make sense&quot; / &quot;was irrelevant&quot; (conclusion by human contributor)

== &quot;Reference Coding&quot; ==

'''⚠️⚠️⚠️ WARNING ⚠️⚠️⚠️: Very important. This section's name should not be changed because other pages already link here and if the section's name is changed those links will break! For any questions please use the talk page.'''

Here happens a &quot;reference coding&quot; so it's easy to find an input when it is being referenced from another page on Wikiversity. ie. [1] should be the same as [1] on another page which is referencing the [1] here.

These inputs/outputs were done with &quot;AI Mode&quot; by Google.

* Reference [1]
* human input April 22: I need somebody who is a famous person and that we can tie to the word &quot;draft&quot; even indirectly and that is a modern person and that appears in many different video interviews.
** output: A compelling modern person for your &quot;Method development&quot; section is Taylor Swift. She is a modern icon who appears in countless video interviews and can be tied directly to the word &quot;draft&quot; through her creative process and public statements.

=== Reference 2 ===

Making an own Wiki-section is what might work better.

* human input to &quot;AI Mode&quot; on April 27, 2026: So the individuals that participate in the 'sociological' hypothesis experiment will interact through the tool known as &quot;Etherpad&quot;.
** &quot;AI Mode&quot; output same date: {{quote|That is a great choice for a study because Etherpad produces a literal &quot;paper trail&quot; of the interaction. Since it's a collaborative text editor, you can track rapport through the digital footprint of how people type together.
When you are ready to send your full idea, we can look at measuring rapport in Etherpad through things like:

* Synchronicity: How often they type at the exact same time.
* Editing behavior: Do they delete each other's work or build upon it?
* Chat usage: How much they use the side-bar chat versus the main document.

I'll keep it brief as requested. Standing by for your signal.}}

=== Reference 3 ===

Method is being developed as this is written...this is the 2nd person being added to &quot;the idea&quot;.

* Human input May 10, 2026: Answer in English. I need you to suggest somebody who is a modern famous and public person and that appears in many different video interviews, that we can less or more 'loosely' associate with the word &quot;The&quot; which is the 2nd word in draft project based on this URL https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Draft:The_Neurodiversity-inspired_Idea/Method_development_through_video_notes. The previous person that was chosen was Taylor Swift. Please select somebody who can be compared in a &quot;Do no harm&quot; way. If the person is somebody Taylor Swift has feuded with please don't suggest them! Answer max 50 words.
** &quot;AI Mode&quot; output same date: {{quote|Tom Hanks is a great choice. He is often called &quot;The&quot; quintessential nice guy or &quot;The American Dad.&quot; Like Taylor Swift, he is a massive, clean-cut public figure with endless video interviews. He avoids controversy and fits a &quot;do no harm&quot; philosophy perfectly.
Would you like to explore Tom Hanks' specific interviews for your project?}}</text>
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    <title>User:Atcovi/OGM &amp; Suicide/The Paper</title>
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      <text bytes="17340" sha1="0dnkp5j92a0mt3ebd60zudlgfo9gxw9" xml:space="preserve">==Introduction==
'''[[w:Overgeneral_autobiographical_memory|Overgeneral autobiographical memory]]''' (OGM) describes a reduced ability to recall specific events in one's autobiographical memory. For example, one may remember attending a birthday party at some point in their life, but they could not uniquely recall a specific instance of attending a birthday party. OGM has been empirically associated with depression, with depressed individuals reporting higher levels of OGM than non-depressed individuals&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Sumner|first=Jennifer A.|last2=Griffith|first2=James W.|last3=Mineka|first3=Susan|date=2010-07|title=Overgeneral autobiographical memory as a predictor of the course of depression: a meta-analysis|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2878838/|journal=Behaviour Research and Therapy|volume=48|issue=7|pages=614–625|doi=10.1016/j.brat.2010.03.013|issn=1873-622X|pmc=2878838|pmid=20399418}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Given the association of depression and suicidal ideation&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Chachamovich|first=Eduardo|last2=Stefanello|first2=Sabrina|last3=Botega|first3=Neury|last4=Turecki|first4=Gustavo|date=2009-05|title=[Which are the recent clinical findings regarding the association between depression and suicide?]|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19565147|journal=Revista Brasileira De Psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil: 1999)|volume=31 Suppl 1|pages=S18–25|doi=10.1590/s1516-44462009000500004|issn=1516-4446|pmid=19565147}}&lt;/ref&gt;, utilizing suicide models, such as the '''Integrated Motivational-Volitional (IMV) model''', provides a theoretical cognitive framework to increase understanding of where OGM may fit in the escalation to suicidal ideation and/or suicide.

The IMV model portrays suicidal behavior as an escalating, behavioral process divided into three phases: pre-motivational phase, motivational phase, and volitional phase. The motivational phase is characterized by suicidal ideation formation, where feelings of entrapment (described as a &quot;proximal [predictor] of suicidal ideation&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=O'Connor|first=Rory C.|last2=Kirtley|first2=Olivia J.|date=2018-09-05|title=The integrated motivational-volitional model of suicidal behaviour|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6053985/|journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences|volume=373|issue=1754|pages=20170268|doi=10.1098/rstb.2017.0268|issn=1471-2970|pmc=6053985|pmid=30012735}}&lt;/ref&gt;), poor problem-solving abilities, brooding, and interpersonal vulnerabilities (thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness) may transition the individual to the volitional phase. When looking at the IMV model and assessing where OGM could play a part in the transition to suicidal ideation, OGM may impair problem-solving capabilities and the ability to learn from the past through reduced retrieval of specific past experiences, leading to hopelessness&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Jiang|first=Wen|last2=Hu|first2=Guangtao|last3=Zhang|first3=Jingxuan|last4=Chen|first4=Ken|last5=Fan|first5=Dongni|last6=Feng|first6=Zhengzhi|date=2020-10-12|title=Distinct effects of over-general autobiographical memory on suicidal ideation among depressed and healthy people|url=https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-02877-6|journal=BMC Psychiatry|language=en|volume=20|issue=1|pages=501|doi=10.1186/s12888-020-02877-6|issn=1471-244X|pmc=7549224|pmid=33046032}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316563205|title=The Neuroscience of Suicidal Behavior|last=van Heeringen|first=Kees|date=2018-08-23|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-316-56320-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

The current literature aims to shed light on a neglected niche of suicide research: autobiographical memory. Despite the overwhelming research suggesting correlations between OGM and depression and suicidal ideation, research has not thoroughly explored OGM's exact role in a cognitive, theoretical framework of suicidal ideation (specifically within the IMV model). By conducting a narrative review and integrating research on OGM's role in suicidal ideation, this paper furthers understanding on OGM's role in suicidal ideation within the IMV framework. 

==OGM as a Vulnerability==
Evidence suggests that OGM is a cognitive vulnerability associated with depression and suicidal ideation, though its predictive relevance may vary depending on the population. 

A meta analysis performed by Sumner et. al (2010) found that OGM accounted for about 1-2% of the variance in depressive symptoms at follow-up&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;. A 2020 study found that OGM was associated with depressed patients' current suicidal ideation state and worse-point suicidal ideation, while OGM affected the healthy patients' worse-point suicidal ideation&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;. However, Crane et. al (2016) conducted a longitudinal study of n≈5800 adolescents from ages 13 to 16 and found that OGM was not significantly associated with depression and did not moderate the effect of life events, suggesting OGM may not be as generalizable to community samples vs. high-risk populations&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;. Even though the findings indicated that OGM was not significantly associated with depression, the study highlights that OGM may function as a vulnerability within high-risk populations. This suggests that OGM's predictive relevance may depend on the risk-level of the population.

OGM persists even past depression, as found in Hallford et. al (2022). A meta-analysis indicated that participants with remitted depression continue to experience small to moderate deficiencies in being able to recall &quot;specific, event-level personal memories&quot;. This indicates that OGM isn't merely a symptom of depression, but may function as a risk factor for future depressive episodes&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;.    

Considering the above, the analysis suggests that OGM may function as a cognitive vulnerability that is further exacerbated in high-risk populations vs. the general population.    

==Mechanisms==
The inability to retrieve specific memories from one's autobiographical memory may lead to inefficient problem-solving abilities, which can impact one's ability to deal with difficult situations as they lack past experiences to rely on&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Arie|first=Miri|last2=Apter|first2=Alan|last3=Orbach|first3=Israel|last4=Yefet|first4=Yael|last5=Zalzman|first5=Gil|date=2008-01-01|title=Autobiographical memory, interpersonal problem solving, and suicidal behavior in adolescent inpatients|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010440X07000922|journal=Comprehensive Psychiatry|volume=49|issue=1|pages=22–29|doi=10.1016/j.comppsych.2007.07.004|issn=0010-440X}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Failing to deal with difficult situations can drive an individual to hopelessness. In 1986, an article by Mark J. Williams and Keith Broadbent stipulated that individuals who recently attempted suicide had biased latencies in autobiographical memory retrieval and had reduced specificity in responses to especially positive cues&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/action/cookieAbsent|website=www.tandfonline.com|doi=10.1080/02699938808410925|access-date=2026-05-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;. OGM may not have a direct effect on suicide, but the evidence suggests that OGM intensifies the risk of suicidal ideation through deteriorating cognitive functioning.   

Rumination involves maladaptive dwelling on one's past negative emotions and feelings&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Treynor|first=Wendy|last2=Gonzalez|first2=Richard|last3=Nolen-Hoeksema|first3=Susan|date=2003-06-01|title=Rumination Reconsidered: A Psychometric Analysis|url=https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023910315561|journal=Cognitive Therapy and Research|language=en|volume=27|issue=3|pages=247–259|doi=10.1023/A:1023910315561|issn=1573-2819}}&lt;/ref&gt;, and is associated with suicidal behavior/ideation&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=O'Connor|first=Rory C.|last2=Kirtley|first2=Olivia J.|date=2018-09-05|title=The integrated motivational–volitional model of suicidal behaviour|url=https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rstb.2017.0268|journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences|language=en|volume=373|issue=1754|pages=20170268|doi=10.1098/rstb.2017.0268|issn=0962-8436|pmc=6053985|pmid=30012735}}&lt;/ref&gt;. One may reflect on their negative emotions and question such emotions in an abstract manner (&quot;How did I get to feel this way?&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;, &quot;Why did this happen to me?&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Sumner|first=Jennifer A.|date=2012-02|title=The mechanisms underlying overgeneral autobiographical memory: an evaluative review of evidence for the CaR-FA-X model|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3246105/|journal=Clinical Psychology Review|volume=32|issue=1|pages=34–48|doi=10.1016/j.cpr.2011.10.003|issn=1873-7811|pmc=3246105|pmid=22142837}}&lt;/ref&gt;), which causes one's memory retrieval to capture negative intermediate conceptual information (ex, &quot;I'm a failure&quot;) instead of specific memories. Repeated rumination strengthens these negative self-beliefs, leading to frequent capture of negative conceptual themes and impeding memory retrieval. This association of rumination and general memory aligns with the CaR-FA-X model&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Stange|first=Jonathan P.|last2=Hamlat|first2=Elissa J.|last3=Hamilton|first3=Jessica L.|last4=Abramson|first4=Lyn Y.|last5=Alloy|first5=Lauren B.|date=2013-02|title=Overgeneral autobiographical memory, emotional maltreatment, and depressive symptoms in adolescence: evidence of a cognitive vulnerability-stress interaction|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3530666/|journal=Journal of Adolescence|volume=36|issue=1|pages=201–208|doi=10.1016/j.adolescence.2012.11.001|issn=1095-9254|pmc=3530666|pmid=23186994}}&lt;/ref&gt;.  

Within the IMV model, we propose that OGM falls under '''Threat to Self Moderators (TSM)'''. TSMs spur entrapment (a perceived sense of being trapped by defeat/humilitation), which can lead to suicidal ideation depending on the effects of '''Motivational Moderators (MM).''' Positive factors, such as motivation to live, positive future thinking, and belongingess can offset the transition of entrapment → suicidal ideation, though negative factors, such as thwarted belongingness, very little social support, and perceived burdensomeness, may increase the chance of entrapment converting into suicidal ideation&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;.  

==OGM → Suicidal ideation (CORE)==
The research suggests that OGM is not just associated with depression, but is a contributing factor towards suicidal ideation (especially in high-risk populations). Jiang et. al (2020) found in a study of 365 participants, with roughly 51% of the participants clinically depressed while the other roughly 49% of participants were classified as &quot;healthy&quot;, that OGM had an increased presence in the depressed group vs. the &quot;healthy&quot; group. WSI (worst suicidal thoughts one has ever had [at a certain point]) and CSI (current point of suicidal ideation) were significantly affected by OGM in the depressed group. OGM was also found to be a mediator between CSI and childhood trauma in depressed patients. As OGM leads to negative memory biases and, therefore, the maintenance of a negative mental state, the researchers suggested that OGM may be a consistent contributor to suicidal ideation in depressed patients&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;. These findings are corroborated by a more recent (2025) study on depressed patients with varying levels of SI, where the researchers concluded that OGM may be &quot;a maladaptive cognitive avoidance strategy&quot; rather than simply a deterioration in memory. Zhu et. al (2025) further explain that individuals with OGM have a difficult time recalling positive memories, which reinforce negative recollections, spurring hopelessness and the transition to suicidal ideation&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Zhu|first=Ying|last2=Yin|first2=Qianlan|last3=Xu|first3=Huijing|last4=Xiao|first4=Fang|last5=Jiang|first5=Qian|last6=Liang|first6=Meng|last7=Cheng|first7=Qi|last8=Liu|first8=Taosheng|date=2025-11-24|title=Speech feature identification model for depressed individuals with suicidal ideation based on autobiographical memory|url=https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-07635-0|journal=BMC Psychiatry|language=en|volume=25|issue=1|pages=1154|doi=10.1186/s12888-025-07635-0|issn=1471-244X|pmc=12713288|pmid=41286790}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

In a 2008 study on autobiographical memory, interpersonal problem-solving skills, and suicidal behaviour in adolescents and young adults, Arie et. al (2008) found that OGM was significantly associated with hopelessness and poor problem-solving abilities in adolescents. This suggests that being able to retrieve specific memories in one's autobiographical memory improves problem-solving skills, as they are able to draw back from past experiences to address challenging interpersonal situations&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;. Kaviani et. al (2011) found that depressed individuals with more severe suicidal ideation levels had more difficulty in retrieving specific thoughts in comparison to depressed individuals with less severe suicidal ideation&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Kaviani|first=H.|last2=Rahimi|first2=M.|last3=Rahimi-Darabad|first3=P.|last4=Naghavi|first4=K. Kamyar H.|date=2003|title=HOW AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL MEMORY DEFICITS AFFECT PROBLEM-SOLVING IN DEPRESSED PATIENTS|url=https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/2663|journal=Acta Medica Iranica|language=en-US|pages=194–198|issn=1735-9694}}&lt;/ref&gt;. These findings suggest that OGM plays a unique factor in contributing to suicidal ideation through maladaptive cognitive processing rather than being merely a symptom of depression.

==Contradictions / Nuances==
Despite the importance of OGM and the findings indicating its potential amplification of suicidal ideation, OGM does not appear to be a consistent detriment in low-risk populations. 

Crane et. al (2016) conducted a longitudinal study of 5792 adolescents from ages 13 to 16 and found no significant findings that OGM played a direct or interactive role with depression, suicidal ideation, and self-harm (when accounted for confounding variables) in a general population&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Crane|first=Catherine|last2=Heron|first2=Jon|last3=Gunnell|first3=David|last4=Lewis|first4=Glyn|last5=Evans|first5=Jonathan|last6=Williams|first6=J. Mark G.|date=2016|title=Adolescent over-general memory, life events and mental health outcomes: Findings from a UK cohort study|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4743605/|journal=Memory (Hove, England)|volume=24|issue=3|pages=348–363|doi=10.1080/09658211.2015.1008014|issn=1464-0686|pmc=4743605|pmid=25716137}}&lt;/ref&gt;. The authors concluded that OGM appears to be more clinically meaningful in high-risk populations that are already cognitively vulnerable through depression and/or psychopathology. The OGM x Stress interaction theory is supported by another longitudinal study done on 174 Caucasian adolescents by Stange et. al (2012), where they found that OGM was found to be a vulnerability to adolescents with depression (especially emotional maltreatment)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Stange|first=Jonathan P.|last2=Hamlat|first2=Elissa J.|last3=Hamilton|first3=Jessica L.|last4=Abramson|first4=Lyn Y.|last5=Alloy|first5=Lauren B.|date=2013-02|title=Overgeneral autobiographical memory, emotional maltreatment, and depressive symptoms in adolescence: evidence of a cognitive vulnerability-stress interaction|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3530666/|journal=Journal of Adolescence|volume=36|issue=1|pages=201–208|doi=10.1016/j.adolescence.2012.11.001|issn=1095-9254|pmc=3530666|pmid=23186994}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 

These findings, alongside with Jiang et. al (2020), suggest that OGM is context-dependent and may play a significant role in the development of depression and/or suicidal ideation if the individual is already susceptible for depression and/or mental disorders. This aligns with the diathesis-stress model, suggesting a set of factors interact with pre-existing vulnerabilities to produce a &quot;disordered state&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316563205|title=The Neuroscience of Suicidal Behavior|last=van Heeringen|first=Kees|date=2018-08-23|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-316-56320-5|pages=24-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

==Conclusion==
OGM has been found to be a cognitive vulnerability for suicidal ideation amongst clinically high-risk samples. Within the IMV model, OGM may be a TSM (Threat to Self Moderators), which may contribute to entrapment, hopelessness, negative Motivational Moderators (such as thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness), and the transition from suicidal ideation to suicidal behavior within the Volitional Phase (where suicidal behavior is present). Despite significant research indicating OGM's unique contribution to suicidal ideation, OGM may be a significant contributor in high-risk/depressed populations. Future research should look into OGM's place in suicidal models and assess whether therapies targeting OGM, such as Memory Specificity Training (MEST), would be beneficial across diverse populations in reducing the risk of suicidal ideation. 

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Atcovi/OGM &amp; Suicide Poster]]</text>
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    <title>Bully Metric Metonic cycle</title>
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      <text bytes="76959" sha1="bag1rfufwidisijecpfd8fx2wtcjxej" xml:space="preserve">[[Bully_Metric|Bully Metric Main Page]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Bully_Metric_Timestamps|Bully Metric Timestamps Main Page]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Bully_Metric_Metonic_cycle|The Metonic Cycle in Bully Metric]]&lt;br /&gt;
[https://unitfreak.github.io/Bully-Row-Timestamps/Java_Bully.html Current Bully Timestamp (GitHub)]&lt;br /&gt;

The '''Metonic cycle''' is a period of approximately 19 solar years, after which the Moon's phases recur on the same calendar dates. This cycle arises because 19 solar years and 235 synodic months nearly coincide.

[[File:Commons:Bully_Metric_Metonic_Cycle.png|thumb|center|650 px| Figure 1: Moon phase observed during Equinox. &lt;small&gt;(19-Year Metonic Alignment)&lt;/small&gt;]]

The Moon’s phase &quot;advances&quot; by approximately {{frac|7|19}} of a lunar cycle when observed on the same day in subsequent years (see figure 1). For example, if a '''New Moon''' occurs on the December Solstice of 2014:
* The 2015 solstice will feature a '''Waxing Gibbous Moon''' (an advancement of ~{{frac|7|19}}).
* The 2016 solstice will feature a '''Third Quarter Moon''' (an advancement of ~{{frac|14|19}}).
* The 2017 solstice will feature a '''Waxing Crescent Moon''' (an advancement of ~{{frac|21|19}}).
* And the 2033 solstice will feature a '''New Moon''' (an advancement of 7 complete cycles).

Within this 19-year span, significant &quot;near-matches&quot; occur at the 8-year and 11-year marks. At 8 years, the drift reaches {{frac|56|19}} (approx. 2.95 cycles); at 11 years, it reaches {{frac|77|19}} (approx. 4.05 cycles). These intervals represent points where the lunar-solar alignment falls just short or just past a full-integer &quot;reset,&quot; which eventually concludes at the 19-year mark.

== The New Moon Solstice ==
The darkest nights in the Northern Hemisphere occur when the '''December Solstice''' coincides with a '''New Moon'''. The darkest nights in the Southern Hemisphere occur when the '''June Solstice''' coincides with a '''New Moon'''. The Metonic cycle predicts this alignment every 19 years, with significant &quot;near-matches&quot; at the 8th- and 11th-year marks.

Table 1 illustrates Metonic cycles over a one-century period (1996–2109), listing the approximate date and Bully timestamp for every New Moon during the century. Red cells indicate the New Moon Solstice alignment every 19 years. Yellow cells indicate the New Moon Solstice near-alignments on the 8th- and 11th-year marks of the Metonic cycle.

The last four hex digits of the Bully timestamp cycle approximately three times per Metonic cycle:
* July 23, 1998 New Moon on 8209 280'''0 038B'''
* July 23, 2017 New Moon on 8209 280'''3 0238'''

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; width:100%; max-width:800px; font-size: small; font-family: monospace, monospace;&quot;
|+ Table 1: New Moon Bully Timestamps 1996 .. 2102

|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: medium; font-weight: bold;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding: 10px; font-size: large;&quot; | Metonic Cycle
! colspan=&quot;7&quot; style=&quot;padding: 10px;&quot; | Every New Moon (1996 .. 2102)

|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| {{nowrap|1996}} || {{nowrap|2015}} || {{nowrap|2034}} || {{nowrap|2053}} || {{nowrap|2072}} || {{nowrap|2091}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 20}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF 9E74}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 9D27}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 9BD4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 9A79}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 9917}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 97B8}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 18}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF A1B5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 A067}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 9F18}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 9DC2}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 9C62}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 9B01}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 19}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF A4F7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 A3A7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 A259}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 A107}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 9FAC}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 9E4A}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 17}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF A839}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 A6E6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 A598}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 A449}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B A2F3}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E A193}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 17}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF AB7C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 AA25}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 A8D6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 A788}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B A635}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E A4DA}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 16}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF AEC1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 AD65}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 AC12}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 AAC4}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B A975}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E A81E}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 15}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF B206}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 B0A6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 AF50}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 AE00}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B ACB3}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E AB60}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 14}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF B54C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 B3EA}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 B28F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 B13D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B AFEF}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E AEA0}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 12}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF B893}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 B731}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 B5D2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 B47C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B B32D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E B1DF}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 11}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF BBD9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 BA7A}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 B918}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 B7BD}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B B66B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E B51E}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 10}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF BF1E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 BDC3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 BC61}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 BB02}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B B9AC}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E B85D}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 9}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF C261}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 C10B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 BFAC}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 BE4A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B BCEF}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E BB9D}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|1997}} || {{nowrap|2016}} || {{nowrap|2035}} || {{nowrap|2054}} || {{nowrap|2073}} || {{nowrap|2092}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 8}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF C5A2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 C451}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 C2F6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 C194}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B C035}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E BEDF}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 7}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF C8E3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 C794}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 C63F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 C4E0}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B C37E}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E C223}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 8}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF CC23}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 CAD6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 C984}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 C82A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B C6C8}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E C569}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 6}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF CF63}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 CE15}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 CCC6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 CB70}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B CA11}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E C8AF}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 6}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF D2A3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 D153}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 D005}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 CEB3}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B CD58}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E CBF6}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 5}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF D5E3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 D490}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 D342}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 D1F3}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B D09C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E CF3D}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 4}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF D925}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 D7CD}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 D67E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 D530}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B D3DE}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E D283}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 2}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF DC69}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 DB0D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 D9BB}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 D86D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B D71E}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E D5C7}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 1}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF DFB0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 DE50}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 DCF9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 DBAA}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B DA5C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E D90A}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 1}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF E2F8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 E196}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 E03A}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 DEE8}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B DD9A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E DC4B}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 30}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF E640}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 E4DE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 E37F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 E228}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B E0D9}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E DF8B}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 29}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF E987}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 E829}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 E6C7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 E56B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B E419}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E E2CB}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 28}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF ECCD}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 EB73}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 EA11}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 E8B1}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B E75B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E E60C}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|1998}} || {{nowrap|2017}} || {{nowrap|2036}} || {{nowrap|2055}} || {{nowrap|2074}} || {{nowrap|2093}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 27}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF F010}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 EEBB}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 ED5C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 EBFB}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B EA9F}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E E94D}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 25}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF F352}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 F201}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 F0A7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 EF45}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B EDE5}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E EC8F}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 27}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF F692}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 F543}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 F3EE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 F28F}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B F12D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E EFD2}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 25}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF F9D0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 F882}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 F731}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 F5D6}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B F474}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E F315}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 25}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF FD0D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 FBBF}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 FA70}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 F91A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B F7BB}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E F659}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 23}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 004B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 FEFB}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 FDAE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 FC5C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B FB01}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E F99F}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 23}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 038B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 0238}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 00EA}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 FF9B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B FE45}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E FCE6}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 21}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 06CE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 0576}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 0427}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 02D9}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 0187}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 002C}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 20}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 0A14}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 08B8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 0765}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 0617}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 04C8}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 0371}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 19}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 0D5C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 0BFC}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 0AA5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 0955}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 0807}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 06B5}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 18}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 10A6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 0F44}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 0DE8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 0C95}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 0B47}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 09F8}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 17}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 13EF}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 128E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 112E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 0FD7}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 0E87}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 0D3A}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|1999}} || {{nowrap|2018}} || {{nowrap|2037}} || {{nowrap|2056}} || {{nowrap|2075}} || {{nowrap|2094}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 16}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 1738}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 15D9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 1477}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 131B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 11C9}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 107B}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 15}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 1A7D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 1924}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 17C2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 1662}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 150B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 13BC}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 16}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 1DC0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 1C6B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 1B0C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 19AA}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 184F}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 16FC}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 14}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 20FF}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 1FAE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 1E54}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 1CF3}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 1B93}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 1A3C}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 14}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 243C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 22EE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 2198}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 203A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 1ED8}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 1D7C}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 13}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 2779}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 262B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 24DA}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 2380}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 221E}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 20BE}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 12}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 2AB6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 2968}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 2819}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 26C3}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 2564}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 2403}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 11}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 2DF4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 2CA4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 2B57}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 2A05}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 28AA}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 2748}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 3135}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 2FE2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 2E94}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 2D45}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 2BEF}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 2A8F}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 3479}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 3322}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 31D2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 3084}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 2F32}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 2DD7}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 37C1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 3664}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 3511}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 33C3}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 3274}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 311E}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 3B0B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 39AA}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 3853}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 3703}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 35B6}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 3464}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|2000}} || {{nowrap|2019}} || {{nowrap|2038}} || {{nowrap|2057}} || {{nowrap|2076}} || {{nowrap|2095}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 3E56}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 3CF4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 3B98}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 3A45}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 38F7}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 37A8}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 41A0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 403F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 3EDF}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 3D88}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 3C38}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 3AEA}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 44E8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 438A}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 4228}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 40CB}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 3F78}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 3E2A}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 482B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 46D2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 4570}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 4410}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 42B9}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 4169}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 4B6B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 4A16}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 48B8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 4756}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 45FA}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 44A7}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 4EA9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 4D58}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 4BFE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 4A9D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 493D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 47E6}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 51E5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 5097}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 4F42}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 4DE3}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 4C81}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 4B26}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 5522}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 53D4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 5283}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 5129}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 4FC7}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 4E67}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 29}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 585F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 5711}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 55C2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 546D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 530E}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 51AC}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 27}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 5B9F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 5A4F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 5901}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 57AF}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 5654}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 54F2}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 27}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 5EE1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 5D8E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 5C40}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 5AF1}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 599B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 583B}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 25}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 6227}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 60CF}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 5F7F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 5E32}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 5CE0}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 5B85}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 25}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 6571}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 6414}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 62C1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 6173}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 6024}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 5ECE}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|2001}} || {{nowrap|2020}} || {{nowrap|2039}} || {{nowrap|2058}} || {{nowrap|2077}} || {{nowrap|2096}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 24}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 68BC}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 675C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 6604}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 64B4}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 6366}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 6214}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 22}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 6C07}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 6AA5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 6948}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 67F5}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 66A6}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 6557}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 24}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 6F4F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 6DEE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 6C8E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 6B36}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 69E6}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 6898}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 22}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 7294}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 7136}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 6FD4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 6E77}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 6D24}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 6BD6}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 22}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 75D5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 747C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 731B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 71BB}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 7063}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 6F14}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffaaaa;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 20}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 7915}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 77C0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 7662}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 7500}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 73A4}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 7251}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 19}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 7C52}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 7B01}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 79A7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 7846}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 76E6}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 758F}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 18}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 7F8E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 7E40}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 7CEB}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 7B8C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 7A2A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 78CE}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 16}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 82CB}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 817E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 802C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 7ED2}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 7D70}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 7C11}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 16}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 860A}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 84BC}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 836D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 8218}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 80B9}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 7F57}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 15}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 894C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 87FB}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 86AE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 855C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 8402}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 82A0}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 14}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 8C90}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 8B3D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 89EF}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 88A0}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 874A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 85EC}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|2002}} || {{nowrap|2021}} || {{nowrap|2040}} || {{nowrap|2059}} || {{nowrap|2078}} || {{nowrap|2097}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 13}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 8FD8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 8E80}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 8D30}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 8BE2}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 8A90}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 8936}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 11}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 9322}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 91C5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 9071}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 8F23}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 8DD4}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 8C7E}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 13}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 966C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 950B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 93B2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 9262}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 9114}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 8FC3}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 11}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 99B4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 9852}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 96F5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 95A1}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 9453}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 9305}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 11}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 9CFB}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 9B9A}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 9A39}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 98E1}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 9791}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 9644}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 A03E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 9EE1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 9D7E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 9C22}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 9ACF}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 9981}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 A37F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 A226}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 A0C4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 9F64}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 9E0C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 9CBD}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 A6BD}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 A569}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 A40A}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 A2A8}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C A14C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 9FF9}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 A9FB}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 A8AA}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 A750}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 A5EF}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C A48F}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F A337}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 AD39}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 ABEA}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 AA95}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 A937}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C A7D5}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F A679}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 B078}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 AF2A}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 ADD9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 AC7F}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C AB1E}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F A9BE}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 B3B9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 B26B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 B11C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 AFC7}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C AE69}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F AD07}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|2003}} || {{nowrap|2022}} || {{nowrap|2041}} || {{nowrap|2060}} || {{nowrap|2079}} || {{nowrap|2098}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 B6FC}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 B5AC}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 B45E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 B30D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C B1B3}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F B051}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 BA41}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 B8ED}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 B79F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 B650}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C B4FB}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F B39C}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 BD88}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 BC2F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 BADE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 B991}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C B840}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F B6E6}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 C0D0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 BF72}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 BE1E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 BCD0}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C BB81}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F BA2C}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 C418}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 C2B7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 C15E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 C00E}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C BEC1}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F BD70}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 29}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 C75F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 C5FD}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 C4A0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 C34C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C C1FE}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F C0AF}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 28}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 CAA4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 C943}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 C7E2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 C68A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C C53A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F C3ED}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 27}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 CDE7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 CC89}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 CB27}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 C9CA}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C C877}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F C729}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 26}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 D127}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 CFCE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 CE6D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 CD0D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C CBB5}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F CA65}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 24}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 D467}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 D312}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 D1B4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 D052}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C CEF6}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F CDA3}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 24}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 D7A6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 D656}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 D4FC}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 D39B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C D23B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F D0E4}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 22}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 DAE7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 D998}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 D844}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 D6E6}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C D583}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F D427}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffff00;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 22}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 DE27}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 DCDA}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 DB89}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 DA2F}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C D8CE}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F D76E}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|2004}} || {{nowrap|2023}} || {{nowrap|2042}} || {{nowrap|2061}} || {{nowrap|2080}} || {{nowrap|2099}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 21}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 E169}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 E01A}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 DECC}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 DD77}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C DC19}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F DAB7}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 20}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 E4AC}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 E35B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 E20D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 E0BC}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C DF63}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F DE01}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 20}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 E7EF}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 E69B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 E54D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 E3FE}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C E2AA}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F E14C}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 19}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 EB35}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 E9DC}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 E88B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 E73E}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C E5ED}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F E493}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 19}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 EE7B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 ED1E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 EBCA}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 EA7B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C E92D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F E7D8}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 17}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 F1C2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 F061}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 EF08}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 EDB8}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C EC6A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F EB19}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 17}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 F508}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 F3A5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 F248}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 F0F4}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C EFA6}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F EE57}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 15}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 F84C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 F6EB}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 F58B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 F432}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C F2E2}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F F195}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 13}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 FB90}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 FA32}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 F8D0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 F774}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C F620}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F F4D2}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 13}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 FED3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 FD7A}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 FC19}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 FAB8}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C F961}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F F811}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 11}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 0214}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 00C0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 FF63}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 FE00}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C FCA4}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F FB51}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 11}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 0556}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 0405}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 02AC}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 014B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C FFEA}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F FE93}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|2005}} || {{nowrap|2024}} || {{nowrap|2043}} || {{nowrap|2062}} || {{nowrap|2081}} || {{nowrap|2100}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 10}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 0896}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 0748}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 05F3}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 0496}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 0334}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 01D7}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 0BD7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 0A89}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 0938}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 07E0}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 067E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 051E}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 10}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 0F17}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 0DC9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 0C7B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 0B27}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 09C9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 0867}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 1259}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 1108}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 0FBB}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 0E6A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 0D11}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 0BB0}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 159C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 1447}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 12F9}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 11AA}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 1056}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 0EF8}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 18DF}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 1786}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 1635}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 14E8}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 1397}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 123D}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 1C24}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 1AC6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 1972}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 1824}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 16D5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 1580}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 1F6A}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 1E09}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 1CB0}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 1B60}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 1A12}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 18C1}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 22B1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 214E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 1FF1}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 1E9D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 1D4F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 1C01}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 25F7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 2496}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 2336}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 21DE}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 208D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 1F40}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 293D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 27E0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 267E}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 2521}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 23CD}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 227F}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 2C81}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 2B29}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 29C8}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 2867}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 270F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 25BF}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 30}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 2FC4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 2E70}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 2D13}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 2BB0}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 2A53}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 2900}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|2006}} || {{nowrap|2025}} || {{nowrap|2044}} || {{nowrap|2063}} || {{nowrap|2082}} || {{nowrap|2101}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 28}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 3305}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 31B5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 305C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 2EFB}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 2D9B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 2C43}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 27}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 3645}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 34F7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 33A3}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 3246}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 30E4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 2F87}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 29}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 3985}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 3837}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 36E7}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 358F}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 342E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 32CD}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 27}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 3CC4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 3B76}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 3A27}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 38D3}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 3776}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 3614}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 27}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 4004}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 3EB3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 3D65}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 3C14}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 3ABC}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 395A}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 25}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 4345}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 41F0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 40A1}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 3F53}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 3DFE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 3CA0}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 24}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 4687}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 452E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 43DD}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 4290}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 413F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 3FE6}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 23}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 49CD}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 486F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 471B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 45CD}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 447E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 4329}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 21}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 4D14}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 4BB3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 4A5B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 490A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 47BD}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 466C}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 20}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 505D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 4EFB}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 4D9E}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 4C4A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 4AFB}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 49AD}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 19}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 53A5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 5245}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 50E4}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 4F8B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 4E3B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 4CED}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffff00;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 19}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 56EC}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 558F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 542D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 52D0}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 517C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 502D}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|2007}} || {{nowrap|2026}} || {{nowrap|2045}} || {{nowrap|2064}} || {{nowrap|2083}} || {{nowrap|2102}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 18}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 5A31}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 58D9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 5778}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 5617}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 54BF}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 536E}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 16}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 5D73}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 5C20}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 5AC3}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 5961}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 5804}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 56B0}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 18}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 60B4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 5F64}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 5E0C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 5CAB}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 5B4A}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 59F2}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 16}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 63F3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 62A5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 6151}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 5FF4}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 5E92}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 5D34}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 16}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 6730}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 65E2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 6492}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 633A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 61D9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 6078}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 14}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 6A6D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 691F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 67D0}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 667C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 651F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 63BD}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 14}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 6DAC}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 6C5B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 6B0D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 69BD}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 6864}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 6703}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 12}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 70ED}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 6F98}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 6E4A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 6CFC}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 6BA7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 6A4A}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 11}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 7431}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 72D8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 7187}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 703A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 6EE9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 6D90}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 10}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 7779}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 761B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 74C6}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 7378}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 7229}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 70D4}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 7AC2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 7961}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 7808}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 76B7}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 7569}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 7418}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 7E0C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 7CAA}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 7B4C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 79F8}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 78A9}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|2008}} || {{nowrap|2027}} || {{nowrap|2046}} || {{nowrap|2065}} || {{nowrap|2084}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 8155}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 7FF5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 7E94}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 7D3B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 7BEA}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 849D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 8340}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 81DE}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 8080}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 7F2C}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 87E1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 8689}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 8529}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 83C8}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 826F}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 8B21}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 89CE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 8872}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 8710}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 85B2}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 8E5F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 8D10}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 8BB8}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 8A57}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 88F6}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 919C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 904E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 8EFB}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 8D9E}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 8C3C}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 94D8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 938B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 923B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 90E3}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 8F82}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 9816}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 96C7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 9579}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 9425}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 92C8}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 30}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 9B55}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 9A04}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 98B7}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 9766}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 960E}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 29}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 9E98}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 9D43}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 9BF5}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 9AA6}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 9952}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 28}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 A1DE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 A084}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 9F33}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 9DE5}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 9C95}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 27}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 A527}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 A3C9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 A274}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A A125}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 9FD7}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 27}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 A872}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 A711}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 A5B7}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A A466}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D A318}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|2009}} || {{nowrap|2028}} || {{nowrap|2047}} || {{nowrap|2066}} || {{nowrap|2085}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 25}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 ABBD}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 AA5B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 A8FD}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A A7A8}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D A65A}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 24}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 AF06}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 ADA6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 AC45}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A AAEB}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D A99A}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 25}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 B24B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 B0EF}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 AF8D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A AE2F}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D ACDA}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 24}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 B58D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 B436}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 B2D5}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A B174}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D B01A}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 23}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 B8CB}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 B778}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 B61C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A B4BA}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D B35C}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffff00;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 22}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 BC08}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 BAB9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 B961}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A B801}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D B69F}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 21}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 BF45}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 BDF7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 BCA4}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A BB47}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D B9E5}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 20}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 C282}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 C134}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 BFE4}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A BE8C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D BD2B}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 18}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 C5C0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 C471}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 C323}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A C1CF}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D C072}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 18}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 C901}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 C7B0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 C662}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A C511}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D C3B9}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 16}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 CC45}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 CAF0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 C9A1}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A C853}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D C6FF}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 16}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 CF8D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 CE33}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 CCE2}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A CB94}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D CA44}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|2010}} || {{nowrap|2029}} || {{nowrap|2048}} || {{nowrap|2067}} || {{nowrap|2086}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 14}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 D2D8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 D179}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 D024}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A CED5}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D CD87}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 13}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 D623}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 D4C2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 D368}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A D216}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D D0C8}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 14}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 D96D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 D80B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 D6AC}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A D557}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D D408}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 13}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 DCB3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 DB53}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 D9F2}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A D898}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D D747}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 12}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 DFF6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 DE9B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 DD38}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A DBDA}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D DA85}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 11}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 E336}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 E1DF}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 E07F}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A DF1E}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D DDC4}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 10}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 E675}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 E522}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 E3C5}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A E263}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D E105}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 E9B1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 E862}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 E70A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A E5AA}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D E448}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 ECEE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 EBA0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 EA4D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A E8F0}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D E78E}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 F02C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 EEDE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 ED8E}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A EC36}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D EAD6}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 F36C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 F21D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 F0CF}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A EF7C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D EE1F}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 F6AF}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 F55E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 F410}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A F2C0}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D F168}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|2011}} || {{nowrap|2030}} || {{nowrap|2049}} || {{nowrap|2068}} || {{nowrap|2087}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 F9F6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 F8A0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 F751}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A F603}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D F4B0}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 FD3F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 FBE4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 FA92}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A F944}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D F7F4}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 0088}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 FF29}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 FDD3}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A FC84}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D FB36}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 03D1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 0270}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 0115}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A FFC3}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D FE76}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 0719}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 05B7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 0458}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 0302}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 01B4}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 0A5E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 08FE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 079C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 0642}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 04F1}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 0DA0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 0C44}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 0AE2}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 0984}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 082F}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 29}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 10DF}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 0F88}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 0E28}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 0CC7}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 0B6D}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 27}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 141D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 12CA}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 116E}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 100C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 0EAE}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 26}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 175B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 160B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 14B4}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 1353}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 11F2}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 26}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 1A9A}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 194C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 17F9}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 169C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 153A}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 24}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 1DDA}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 1C8C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 1B3D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 19E5}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 1885}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 24}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 211C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 1FCD}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 1E7F}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 1D2C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 1BCF}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|2012}} || {{nowrap|2031}} || {{nowrap|2050}} || {{nowrap|2069}} || {{nowrap|2088}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 23}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 2460}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 230E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 21C0}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 2070}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 1F19}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 21}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 27A6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 2650}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 2500}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 23B2}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 225F}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 22}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 2AED}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 2992}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 2840}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 26F2}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 25A2}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 21}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 2E35}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 2CD6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 2B80}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 2A31}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 28E3}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 20}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 317D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 301B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 2EC0}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 2D6E}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 2C21}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffff00;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 19}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 34C3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 3361}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 3202}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 30AC}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 2F5E}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 18}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 3807}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 36A7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 3545}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 33EB}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 329A}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 16}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 3B48}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 39ED}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 388A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 372C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 35D7}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 15}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 3E89}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 3D31}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 3BD1}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 3A70}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 3916}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 14}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 41C8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 4076}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 3F1A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 3DB8}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 3C59}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 13}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 4508}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 43B9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 4262}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 4102}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 3FA0}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 13}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 4849}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 46FB}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 45A8}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 444C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 42EA}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|2013}} || {{nowrap|2032}} || {{nowrap|2051}} || {{nowrap|2070}} || {{nowrap|2089}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 11}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 4B8A}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 4A3C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 48ED}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 4795}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 4635}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 10}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 4ECC}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 4D7D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 4C2F}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 4ADC}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 4980}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 11}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 520F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 50BD}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 4F6F}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 4E1F}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 4CC8}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 10}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 5553}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 53FD}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 52AE}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 5160}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 500D}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 5899}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 573E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 55EC}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 549E}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 534F}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 5BDF}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 5A80}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 592A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 57DB}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 568D}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 5F26}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 5DC4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 5C69}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 5B17}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 59C9}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 626B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 6109}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 5FAA}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 5E54}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 5D06}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 65AF}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 6450}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 62EE}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 6194}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 6043}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 68F3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 6797}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 6635}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 64D7}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 6382}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 6C35}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 6ADF}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 697F}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 681D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 66C4}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 6F77}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 6E25}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 6CC9}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 6B67}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 6A08}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|2014}} || {{nowrap|2033}} || {{nowrap|2052}} || {{nowrap|2071}} || {{nowrap|2090}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 72B8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 7169}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 7012}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 6EB2}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 6D50}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 30}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 75F9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 74AB}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 7358}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 71FD}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 709B}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 7939}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 77EB}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 769C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 7545}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 73E5}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 30}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 7C7A}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 7B2A}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 79DD}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 788A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 772F}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 29}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 7FBB}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 7E69}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 7D1B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 7BCC}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 7A75}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 28}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 82FE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 81A8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 8058}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 7F0A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 7DB8}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 26}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 8642}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 84E7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 8395}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 8247}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 80F7}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 26}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 8988}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 8828}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 86D2}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 8583}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 8435}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 24}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 8CCE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 8B6C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 8A11}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 88C0}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 8772}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 22}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 9015}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 8EB3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 8D54}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 8BFF}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 8AB0}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 22}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 935C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 91FC}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 909B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 8F40}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 8DEF}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 21}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 96A1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 9546}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 93E4}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 9285}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 912F}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffaaaa;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 21}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 99E5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 988E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 972F}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 95CD}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 9473}}

|}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>2809994</id>
      <parentid>2809993</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T00:54:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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      <text bytes="76951" sha1="q0pfkveogvts1n06dr7e4k2613cuijf" xml:space="preserve">[[Bully_Metric|Bully Metric Main Page]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Bully_Metric_Timestamps|Bully Metric Timestamps Main Page]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Bully_Metric_Metonic_cycle|The Metonic Cycle in Bully Metric]]&lt;br /&gt;
[https://unitfreak.github.io/Bully-Row-Timestamps/Java_Bully.html Current Bully Timestamp (GitHub)]&lt;br /&gt;

The '''Metonic cycle''' is a period of approximately 19 solar years, after which the Moon's phases recur on the same calendar dates. This cycle arises because 19 solar years and 235 synodic months nearly coincide.

[[File:Bully_Metric_Metonic_Cycle.png|thumb|center|650 px| Figure 1: Moon phase observed during Equinox. &lt;small&gt;(19-Year Metonic Alignment)&lt;/small&gt;]]

The Moon’s phase &quot;advances&quot; by approximately {{frac|7|19}} of a lunar cycle when observed on the same day in subsequent years (see figure 1). For example, if a '''New Moon''' occurs on the December Solstice of 2014:
* The 2015 solstice will feature a '''Waxing Gibbous Moon''' (an advancement of ~{{frac|7|19}}).
* The 2016 solstice will feature a '''Third Quarter Moon''' (an advancement of ~{{frac|14|19}}).
* The 2017 solstice will feature a '''Waxing Crescent Moon''' (an advancement of ~{{frac|21|19}}).
* And the 2033 solstice will feature a '''New Moon''' (an advancement of 7 complete cycles).

Within this 19-year span, significant &quot;near-matches&quot; occur at the 8-year and 11-year marks. At 8 years, the drift reaches {{frac|56|19}} (approx. 2.95 cycles); at 11 years, it reaches {{frac|77|19}} (approx. 4.05 cycles). These intervals represent points where the lunar-solar alignment falls just short or just past a full-integer &quot;reset,&quot; which eventually concludes at the 19-year mark.

== The New Moon Solstice ==
The darkest nights in the Northern Hemisphere occur when the '''December Solstice''' coincides with a '''New Moon'''. The darkest nights in the Southern Hemisphere occur when the '''June Solstice''' coincides with a '''New Moon'''. The Metonic cycle predicts this alignment every 19 years, with significant &quot;near-matches&quot; at the 8th- and 11th-year marks.

Table 1 illustrates Metonic cycles over a one-century period (1996–2109), listing the approximate date and Bully timestamp for every New Moon during the century. Red cells indicate the New Moon Solstice alignment every 19 years. Yellow cells indicate the New Moon Solstice near-alignments on the 8th- and 11th-year marks of the Metonic cycle.

The last four hex digits of the Bully timestamp cycle approximately three times per Metonic cycle:
* July 23, 1998 New Moon on 8209 280'''0 038B'''
* July 23, 2017 New Moon on 8209 280'''3 0238'''

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; width:100%; max-width:800px; font-size: small; font-family: monospace, monospace;&quot;
|+ Table 1: New Moon Bully Timestamps 1996 .. 2102

|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: medium; font-weight: bold;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding: 10px; font-size: large;&quot; | Metonic Cycle
! colspan=&quot;7&quot; style=&quot;padding: 10px;&quot; | Every New Moon (1996 .. 2102)

|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| {{nowrap|1996}} || {{nowrap|2015}} || {{nowrap|2034}} || {{nowrap|2053}} || {{nowrap|2072}} || {{nowrap|2091}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 20}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF 9E74}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 9D27}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 9BD4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 9A79}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 9917}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 97B8}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 18}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF A1B5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 A067}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 9F18}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 9DC2}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 9C62}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 9B01}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 19}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF A4F7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 A3A7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 A259}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 A107}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 9FAC}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 9E4A}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 17}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF A839}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 A6E6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 A598}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 A449}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B A2F3}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E A193}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 17}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF AB7C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 AA25}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 A8D6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 A788}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B A635}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E A4DA}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 16}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF AEC1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 AD65}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 AC12}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 AAC4}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B A975}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E A81E}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 15}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF B206}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 B0A6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 AF50}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 AE00}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B ACB3}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E AB60}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 14}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF B54C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 B3EA}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 B28F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 B13D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B AFEF}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E AEA0}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 12}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF B893}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 B731}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 B5D2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 B47C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B B32D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E B1DF}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 11}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF BBD9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 BA7A}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 B918}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 B7BD}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B B66B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E B51E}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 10}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF BF1E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 BDC3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 BC61}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 BB02}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B B9AC}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E B85D}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 9}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF C261}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 C10B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 BFAC}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 BE4A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B BCEF}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E BB9D}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|1997}} || {{nowrap|2016}} || {{nowrap|2035}} || {{nowrap|2054}} || {{nowrap|2073}} || {{nowrap|2092}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 8}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF C5A2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 C451}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 C2F6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 C194}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B C035}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E BEDF}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 7}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF C8E3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 C794}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 C63F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 C4E0}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B C37E}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E C223}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 8}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF CC23}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 CAD6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 C984}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 C82A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B C6C8}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E C569}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 6}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF CF63}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 CE15}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 CCC6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 CB70}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B CA11}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E C8AF}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 6}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF D2A3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 D153}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 D005}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 CEB3}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B CD58}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E CBF6}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 5}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF D5E3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 D490}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 D342}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 D1F3}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B D09C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E CF3D}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 4}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF D925}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 D7CD}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 D67E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 D530}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B D3DE}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E D283}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 2}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF DC69}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 DB0D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 D9BB}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 D86D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B D71E}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E D5C7}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 1}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF DFB0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 DE50}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 DCF9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 DBAA}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B DA5C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E D90A}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 1}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF E2F8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 E196}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 E03A}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 DEE8}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B DD9A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E DC4B}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 30}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF E640}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 E4DE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 E37F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 E228}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B E0D9}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E DF8B}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 29}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF E987}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 E829}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 E6C7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 E56B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B E419}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E E2CB}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 28}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF ECCD}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 EB73}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 EA11}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 E8B1}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B E75B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E E60C}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|1998}} || {{nowrap|2017}} || {{nowrap|2036}} || {{nowrap|2055}} || {{nowrap|2074}} || {{nowrap|2093}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 27}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF F010}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 EEBB}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 ED5C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 EBFB}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B EA9F}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E E94D}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 25}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF F352}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 F201}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 F0A7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 EF45}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B EDE5}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E EC8F}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 27}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF F692}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 F543}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 F3EE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 F28F}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B F12D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E EFD2}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 25}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF F9D0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 F882}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 F731}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 F5D6}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B F474}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E F315}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 25}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF FD0D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 FBBF}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 FA70}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 F91A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B F7BB}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E F659}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 23}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 004B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 FEFB}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 FDAE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 FC5C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B FB01}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E F99F}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 23}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 038B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 0238}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 00EA}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 FF9B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B FE45}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E FCE6}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 21}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 06CE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 0576}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 0427}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 02D9}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 0187}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 002C}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 20}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 0A14}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 08B8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 0765}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 0617}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 04C8}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 0371}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 19}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 0D5C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 0BFC}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 0AA5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 0955}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 0807}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 06B5}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 18}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 10A6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 0F44}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 0DE8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 0C95}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 0B47}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 09F8}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 17}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 13EF}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 128E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 112E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 0FD7}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 0E87}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 0D3A}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|1999}} || {{nowrap|2018}} || {{nowrap|2037}} || {{nowrap|2056}} || {{nowrap|2075}} || {{nowrap|2094}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 16}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 1738}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 15D9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 1477}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 131B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 11C9}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 107B}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 15}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 1A7D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 1924}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 17C2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 1662}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 150B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 13BC}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 16}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 1DC0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 1C6B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 1B0C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 19AA}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 184F}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 16FC}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 14}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 20FF}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 1FAE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 1E54}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 1CF3}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 1B93}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 1A3C}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 14}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 243C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 22EE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 2198}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 203A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 1ED8}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 1D7C}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 13}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 2779}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 262B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 24DA}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 2380}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 221E}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 20BE}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 12}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 2AB6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 2968}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 2819}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 26C3}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 2564}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 2403}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 11}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 2DF4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 2CA4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 2B57}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 2A05}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 28AA}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 2748}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 3135}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 2FE2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 2E94}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 2D45}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 2BEF}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 2A8F}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 3479}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 3322}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 31D2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 3084}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 2F32}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 2DD7}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 37C1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 3664}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 3511}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 33C3}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 3274}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 311E}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 3B0B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 39AA}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 3853}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 3703}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 35B6}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 3464}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|2000}} || {{nowrap|2019}} || {{nowrap|2038}} || {{nowrap|2057}} || {{nowrap|2076}} || {{nowrap|2095}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 3E56}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 3CF4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 3B98}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 3A45}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 38F7}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 37A8}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 41A0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 403F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 3EDF}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 3D88}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 3C38}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 3AEA}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 44E8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 438A}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 4228}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 40CB}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 3F78}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 3E2A}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 482B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 46D2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 4570}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 4410}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 42B9}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 4169}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 4B6B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 4A16}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 48B8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 4756}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 45FA}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 44A7}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 4EA9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 4D58}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 4BFE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 4A9D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 493D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 47E6}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 51E5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 5097}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 4F42}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 4DE3}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 4C81}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 4B26}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 5522}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 53D4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 5283}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 5129}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 4FC7}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 4E67}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 29}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 585F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 5711}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 55C2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 546D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 530E}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 51AC}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 27}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 5B9F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 5A4F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 5901}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 57AF}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 5654}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 54F2}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 27}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 5EE1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 5D8E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 5C40}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 5AF1}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 599B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 583B}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 25}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 6227}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 60CF}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 5F7F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 5E32}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 5CE0}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 5B85}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 25}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 6571}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 6414}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 62C1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 6173}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 6024}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 5ECE}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|2001}} || {{nowrap|2020}} || {{nowrap|2039}} || {{nowrap|2058}} || {{nowrap|2077}} || {{nowrap|2096}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 24}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 68BC}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 675C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 6604}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 64B4}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 6366}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 6214}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 22}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 6C07}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 6AA5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 6948}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 67F5}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 66A6}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 6557}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 24}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 6F4F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 6DEE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 6C8E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 6B36}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 69E6}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 6898}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 22}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 7294}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 7136}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 6FD4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 6E77}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 6D24}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 6BD6}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 22}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 75D5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 747C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 731B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 71BB}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 7063}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 6F14}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffaaaa;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 20}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 7915}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 77C0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 7662}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 7500}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 73A4}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 7251}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 19}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 7C52}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 7B01}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 79A7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 7846}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 76E6}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 758F}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 18}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 7F8E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 7E40}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 7CEB}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 7B8C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 7A2A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 78CE}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 16}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 82CB}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 817E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 802C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 7ED2}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 7D70}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 7C11}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 16}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 860A}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 84BC}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 836D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 8218}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 80B9}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 7F57}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 15}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 894C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 87FB}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 86AE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 855C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 8402}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 82A0}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 14}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 8C90}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 8B3D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 89EF}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 88A0}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 874A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 85EC}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|2002}} || {{nowrap|2021}} || {{nowrap|2040}} || {{nowrap|2059}} || {{nowrap|2078}} || {{nowrap|2097}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 13}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 8FD8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 8E80}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 8D30}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 8BE2}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 8A90}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 8936}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 11}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 9322}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 91C5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 9071}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 8F23}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 8DD4}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 8C7E}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 13}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 966C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 950B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 93B2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 9262}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 9114}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 8FC3}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 11}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 99B4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 9852}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 96F5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 95A1}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 9453}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 9305}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 11}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 9CFB}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 9B9A}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 9A39}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 98E1}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 9791}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 9644}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 A03E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 9EE1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 9D7E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 9C22}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 9ACF}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 9981}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 A37F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 A226}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 A0C4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 9F64}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 9E0C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 9CBD}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 A6BD}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 A569}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 A40A}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 A2A8}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C A14C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 9FF9}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 A9FB}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 A8AA}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 A750}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 A5EF}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C A48F}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F A337}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 AD39}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 ABEA}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 AA95}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 A937}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C A7D5}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F A679}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 B078}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 AF2A}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 ADD9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 AC7F}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C AB1E}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F A9BE}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 B3B9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 B26B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 B11C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 AFC7}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C AE69}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F AD07}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|2003}} || {{nowrap|2022}} || {{nowrap|2041}} || {{nowrap|2060}} || {{nowrap|2079}} || {{nowrap|2098}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 B6FC}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 B5AC}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 B45E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 B30D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C B1B3}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F B051}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 BA41}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 B8ED}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 B79F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 B650}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C B4FB}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F B39C}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 BD88}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 BC2F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 BADE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 B991}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C B840}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F B6E6}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 C0D0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 BF72}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 BE1E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 BCD0}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C BB81}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F BA2C}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 C418}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 C2B7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 C15E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 C00E}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C BEC1}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F BD70}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 29}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 C75F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 C5FD}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 C4A0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 C34C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C C1FE}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F C0AF}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 28}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 CAA4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 C943}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 C7E2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 C68A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C C53A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F C3ED}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 27}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 CDE7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 CC89}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 CB27}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 C9CA}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C C877}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F C729}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 26}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 D127}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 CFCE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 CE6D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 CD0D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C CBB5}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F CA65}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 24}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 D467}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 D312}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 D1B4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 D052}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C CEF6}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F CDA3}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 24}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 D7A6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 D656}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 D4FC}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 D39B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C D23B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F D0E4}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 22}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 DAE7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 D998}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 D844}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 D6E6}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C D583}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F D427}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffff00;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 22}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 DE27}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 DCDA}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 DB89}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 DA2F}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C D8CE}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F D76E}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|2004}} || {{nowrap|2023}} || {{nowrap|2042}} || {{nowrap|2061}} || {{nowrap|2080}} || {{nowrap|2099}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 21}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 E169}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 E01A}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 DECC}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 DD77}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C DC19}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F DAB7}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 20}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 E4AC}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 E35B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 E20D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 E0BC}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C DF63}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F DE01}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 20}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 E7EF}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 E69B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 E54D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 E3FE}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C E2AA}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F E14C}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 19}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 EB35}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 E9DC}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 E88B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 E73E}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C E5ED}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F E493}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 19}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 EE7B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 ED1E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 EBCA}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 EA7B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C E92D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F E7D8}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 17}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 F1C2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 F061}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 EF08}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 EDB8}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C EC6A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F EB19}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 17}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 F508}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 F3A5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 F248}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 F0F4}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C EFA6}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F EE57}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 15}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 F84C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 F6EB}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 F58B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 F432}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C F2E2}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F F195}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 13}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 FB90}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 FA32}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 F8D0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 F774}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C F620}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F F4D2}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 13}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 FED3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 FD7A}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 FC19}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 FAB8}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C F961}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F F811}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 11}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 0214}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 00C0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 FF63}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 FE00}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C FCA4}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F FB51}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 11}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 0556}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 0405}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 02AC}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 014B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C FFEA}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F FE93}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|2005}} || {{nowrap|2024}} || {{nowrap|2043}} || {{nowrap|2062}} || {{nowrap|2081}} || {{nowrap|2100}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 10}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 0896}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 0748}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 05F3}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 0496}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 0334}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 01D7}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 0BD7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 0A89}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 0938}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 07E0}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 067E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 051E}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 10}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 0F17}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 0DC9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 0C7B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 0B27}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 09C9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 0867}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 1259}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 1108}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 0FBB}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 0E6A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 0D11}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 0BB0}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 159C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 1447}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 12F9}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 11AA}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 1056}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 0EF8}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 18DF}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 1786}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 1635}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 14E8}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 1397}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 123D}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 1C24}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 1AC6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 1972}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 1824}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 16D5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 1580}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 1F6A}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 1E09}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 1CB0}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 1B60}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 1A12}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 18C1}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 22B1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 214E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 1FF1}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 1E9D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 1D4F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 1C01}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 25F7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 2496}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 2336}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 21DE}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 208D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 1F40}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 293D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 27E0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 267E}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 2521}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 23CD}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 227F}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 2C81}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 2B29}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 29C8}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 2867}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 270F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 25BF}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 30}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 2FC4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 2E70}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 2D13}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 2BB0}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 2A53}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 2900}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|2006}} || {{nowrap|2025}} || {{nowrap|2044}} || {{nowrap|2063}} || {{nowrap|2082}} || {{nowrap|2101}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 28}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 3305}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 31B5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 305C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 2EFB}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 2D9B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 2C43}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 27}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 3645}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 34F7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 33A3}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 3246}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 30E4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 2F87}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 29}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 3985}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 3837}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 36E7}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 358F}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 342E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 32CD}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 27}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 3CC4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 3B76}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 3A27}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 38D3}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 3776}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 3614}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 27}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 4004}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 3EB3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 3D65}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 3C14}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 3ABC}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 395A}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 25}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 4345}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 41F0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 40A1}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 3F53}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 3DFE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 3CA0}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 24}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 4687}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 452E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 43DD}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 4290}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 413F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 3FE6}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 23}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 49CD}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 486F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 471B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 45CD}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 447E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 4329}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 21}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 4D14}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 4BB3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 4A5B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 490A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 47BD}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 466C}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 20}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 505D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 4EFB}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 4D9E}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 4C4A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 4AFB}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 49AD}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 19}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 53A5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 5245}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 50E4}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 4F8B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 4E3B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 4CED}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffff00;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 19}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 56EC}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 558F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 542D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 52D0}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 517C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 502D}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|2007}} || {{nowrap|2026}} || {{nowrap|2045}} || {{nowrap|2064}} || {{nowrap|2083}} || {{nowrap|2102}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 18}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 5A31}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 58D9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 5778}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 5617}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 54BF}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 536E}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 16}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 5D73}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 5C20}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 5AC3}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 5961}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 5804}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 56B0}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 18}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 60B4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 5F64}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 5E0C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 5CAB}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 5B4A}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 59F2}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 16}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 63F3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 62A5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 6151}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 5FF4}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 5E92}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 5D34}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 16}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 6730}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 65E2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 6492}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 633A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 61D9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 6078}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 14}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 6A6D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 691F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 67D0}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 667C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 651F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 63BD}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 14}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 6DAC}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 6C5B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 6B0D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 69BD}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 6864}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 6703}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 12}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 70ED}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 6F98}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 6E4A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 6CFC}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 6BA7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 6A4A}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 11}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 7431}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 72D8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 7187}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 703A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 6EE9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 6D90}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 10}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 7779}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 761B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 74C6}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 7378}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 7229}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 70D4}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 7AC2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 7961}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 7808}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 76B7}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 7569}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 7418}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 7E0C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 7CAA}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 7B4C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 79F8}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 78A9}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|2008}} || {{nowrap|2027}} || {{nowrap|2046}} || {{nowrap|2065}} || {{nowrap|2084}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 8155}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 7FF5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 7E94}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 7D3B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 7BEA}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 849D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 8340}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 81DE}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 8080}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 7F2C}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 87E1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 8689}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 8529}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 83C8}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 826F}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 8B21}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 89CE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 8872}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 8710}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 85B2}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 8E5F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 8D10}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 8BB8}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 8A57}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 88F6}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 919C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 904E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 8EFB}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 8D9E}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 8C3C}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 94D8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 938B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 923B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 90E3}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 8F82}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 9816}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 96C7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 9579}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 9425}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 92C8}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 30}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 9B55}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 9A04}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 98B7}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 9766}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 960E}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 29}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 9E98}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 9D43}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 9BF5}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 9AA6}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 9952}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 28}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 A1DE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 A084}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 9F33}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 9DE5}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 9C95}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 27}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 A527}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 A3C9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 A274}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A A125}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 9FD7}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 27}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 A872}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 A711}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 A5B7}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A A466}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D A318}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|2009}} || {{nowrap|2028}} || {{nowrap|2047}} || {{nowrap|2066}} || {{nowrap|2085}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 25}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 ABBD}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 AA5B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 A8FD}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A A7A8}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D A65A}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 24}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 AF06}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 ADA6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 AC45}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A AAEB}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D A99A}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 25}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 B24B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 B0EF}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 AF8D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A AE2F}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D ACDA}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 24}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 B58D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 B436}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 B2D5}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A B174}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D B01A}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 23}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 B8CB}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 B778}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 B61C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A B4BA}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D B35C}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffff00;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 22}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 BC08}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 BAB9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 B961}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A B801}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D B69F}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 21}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 BF45}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 BDF7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 BCA4}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A BB47}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D B9E5}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 20}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 C282}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 C134}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 BFE4}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A BE8C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D BD2B}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 18}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 C5C0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 C471}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 C323}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A C1CF}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D C072}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 18}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 C901}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 C7B0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 C662}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A C511}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D C3B9}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 16}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 CC45}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 CAF0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 C9A1}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A C853}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D C6FF}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 16}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 CF8D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 CE33}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 CCE2}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A CB94}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D CA44}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|2010}} || {{nowrap|2029}} || {{nowrap|2048}} || {{nowrap|2067}} || {{nowrap|2086}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 14}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 D2D8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 D179}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 D024}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A CED5}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D CD87}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 13}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 D623}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 D4C2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 D368}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A D216}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D D0C8}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 14}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 D96D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 D80B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 D6AC}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A D557}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D D408}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 13}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 DCB3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 DB53}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 D9F2}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A D898}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D D747}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 12}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 DFF6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 DE9B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 DD38}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A DBDA}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D DA85}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 11}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 E336}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 E1DF}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 E07F}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A DF1E}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D DDC4}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 10}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 E675}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 E522}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 E3C5}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A E263}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D E105}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 E9B1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 E862}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 E70A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A E5AA}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D E448}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 ECEE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 EBA0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 EA4D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A E8F0}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D E78E}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 F02C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 EEDE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 ED8E}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A EC36}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D EAD6}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 F36C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 F21D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 F0CF}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A EF7C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D EE1F}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 F6AF}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 F55E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 F410}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A F2C0}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D F168}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|2011}} || {{nowrap|2030}} || {{nowrap|2049}} || {{nowrap|2068}} || {{nowrap|2087}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 F9F6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 F8A0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 F751}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A F603}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D F4B0}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 FD3F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 FBE4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 FA92}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A F944}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D F7F4}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 0088}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 FF29}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 FDD3}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A FC84}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D FB36}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 03D1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 0270}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 0115}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A FFC3}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D FE76}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 0719}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 05B7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 0458}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 0302}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 01B4}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 0A5E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 08FE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 079C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 0642}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 04F1}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 0DA0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 0C44}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 0AE2}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 0984}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 082F}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 29}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 10DF}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 0F88}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 0E28}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 0CC7}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 0B6D}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 27}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 141D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 12CA}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 116E}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 100C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 0EAE}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 26}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 175B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 160B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 14B4}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 1353}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 11F2}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 26}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 1A9A}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 194C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 17F9}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 169C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 153A}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 24}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 1DDA}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 1C8C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 1B3D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 19E5}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 1885}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 24}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 211C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 1FCD}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 1E7F}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 1D2C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 1BCF}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|2012}} || {{nowrap|2031}} || {{nowrap|2050}} || {{nowrap|2069}} || {{nowrap|2088}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 23}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 2460}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 230E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 21C0}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 2070}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 1F19}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 21}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 27A6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 2650}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 2500}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 23B2}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 225F}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 22}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 2AED}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 2992}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 2840}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 26F2}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 25A2}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 21}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 2E35}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 2CD6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 2B80}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 2A31}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 28E3}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 20}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 317D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 301B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 2EC0}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 2D6E}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 2C21}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffff00;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 19}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 34C3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 3361}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 3202}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 30AC}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 2F5E}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 18}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 3807}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 36A7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 3545}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 33EB}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 329A}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 16}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 3B48}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 39ED}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 388A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 372C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 35D7}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 15}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 3E89}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 3D31}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 3BD1}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 3A70}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 3916}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 14}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 41C8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 4076}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 3F1A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 3DB8}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 3C59}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 13}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 4508}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 43B9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 4262}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 4102}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 3FA0}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 13}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 4849}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 46FB}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 45A8}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 444C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 42EA}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|2013}} || {{nowrap|2032}} || {{nowrap|2051}} || {{nowrap|2070}} || {{nowrap|2089}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 11}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 4B8A}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 4A3C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 48ED}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 4795}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 4635}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 10}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 4ECC}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 4D7D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 4C2F}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 4ADC}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 4980}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 11}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 520F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 50BD}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 4F6F}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 4E1F}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 4CC8}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 10}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 5553}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 53FD}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 52AE}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 5160}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 500D}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 5899}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 573E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 55EC}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 549E}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 534F}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 5BDF}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 5A80}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 592A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 57DB}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 568D}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 5F26}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 5DC4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 5C69}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 5B17}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 59C9}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 626B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 6109}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 5FAA}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 5E54}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 5D06}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 65AF}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 6450}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 62EE}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 6194}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 6043}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 68F3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 6797}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 6635}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 64D7}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 6382}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 6C35}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 6ADF}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 697F}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 681D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 66C4}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 6F77}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 6E25}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 6CC9}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 6B67}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 6A08}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|2014}} || {{nowrap|2033}} || {{nowrap|2052}} || {{nowrap|2071}} || {{nowrap|2090}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 72B8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 7169}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 7012}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 6EB2}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 6D50}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 30}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 75F9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 74AB}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 7358}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 71FD}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 709B}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 7939}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 77EB}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 769C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 7545}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 73E5}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 30}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 7C7A}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 7B2A}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 79DD}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 788A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 772F}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 29}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 7FBB}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 7E69}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 7D1B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 7BCC}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 7A75}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 28}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 82FE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 81A8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 8058}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 7F0A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 7DB8}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 26}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 8642}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 84E7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 8395}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 8247}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 80F7}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 26}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 8988}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 8828}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 86D2}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 8583}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 8435}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 24}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 8CCE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 8B6C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 8A11}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 88C0}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 8772}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 22}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 9015}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 8EB3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 8D54}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 8BFF}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 8AB0}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 22}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 935C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 91FC}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 909B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 8F40}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 8DEF}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 21}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 96A1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 9546}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 93E4}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 9285}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 912F}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffaaaa;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 21}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 99E5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 988E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 972F}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 95CD}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 9473}}

|}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>2809997</id>
      <parentid>2809994</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T00:56:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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      <text bytes="76955" sha1="34vngqs4weztz9wv479e6ywluzxxffx" xml:space="preserve">[[Bully_Metric|Bully Metric Main Page]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Bully_Metric_Timestamps|Bully Metric Timestamps Main Page]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Bully_Metric_Metonic_cycle|The Metonic Cycle in Bully Metric]]&lt;br /&gt;
[https://unitfreak.github.io/Bully-Row-Timestamps/Java_Bully.html Current Bully Timestamp (GitHub)]&lt;br /&gt;

The '''Metonic cycle''' is a period of approximately 19 solar years, after which the Moon's phases recur on the same calendar dates. This cycle arises because 19 solar years and 235 synodic months nearly coincide.

[[File:Commons:Bully_Metric_Metonic_Cycle|thumb|center|650 px| Figure 1: Moon phase observed during Equinox. &lt;small&gt;(19-Year Metonic Alignment)&lt;/small&gt;]]

The Moon’s phase &quot;advances&quot; by approximately {{frac|7|19}} of a lunar cycle when observed on the same day in subsequent years (see figure 1). For example, if a '''New Moon''' occurs on the December Solstice of 2014:
* The 2015 solstice will feature a '''Waxing Gibbous Moon''' (an advancement of ~{{frac|7|19}}).
* The 2016 solstice will feature a '''Third Quarter Moon''' (an advancement of ~{{frac|14|19}}).
* The 2017 solstice will feature a '''Waxing Crescent Moon''' (an advancement of ~{{frac|21|19}}).
* And the 2033 solstice will feature a '''New Moon''' (an advancement of 7 complete cycles).

Within this 19-year span, significant &quot;near-matches&quot; occur at the 8-year and 11-year marks. At 8 years, the drift reaches {{frac|56|19}} (approx. 2.95 cycles); at 11 years, it reaches {{frac|77|19}} (approx. 4.05 cycles). These intervals represent points where the lunar-solar alignment falls just short or just past a full-integer &quot;reset,&quot; which eventually concludes at the 19-year mark.

== The New Moon Solstice ==
The darkest nights in the Northern Hemisphere occur when the '''December Solstice''' coincides with a '''New Moon'''. The darkest nights in the Southern Hemisphere occur when the '''June Solstice''' coincides with a '''New Moon'''. The Metonic cycle predicts this alignment every 19 years, with significant &quot;near-matches&quot; at the 8th- and 11th-year marks.

Table 1 illustrates Metonic cycles over a one-century period (1996–2109), listing the approximate date and Bully timestamp for every New Moon during the century. Red cells indicate the New Moon Solstice alignment every 19 years. Yellow cells indicate the New Moon Solstice near-alignments on the 8th- and 11th-year marks of the Metonic cycle.

The last four hex digits of the Bully timestamp cycle approximately three times per Metonic cycle:
* July 23, 1998 New Moon on 8209 280'''0 038B'''
* July 23, 2017 New Moon on 8209 280'''3 0238'''

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; width:100%; max-width:800px; font-size: small; font-family: monospace, monospace;&quot;
|+ Table 1: New Moon Bully Timestamps 1996 .. 2102

|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: medium; font-weight: bold;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding: 10px; font-size: large;&quot; | Metonic Cycle
! colspan=&quot;7&quot; style=&quot;padding: 10px;&quot; | Every New Moon (1996 .. 2102)

|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| {{nowrap|1996}} || {{nowrap|2015}} || {{nowrap|2034}} || {{nowrap|2053}} || {{nowrap|2072}} || {{nowrap|2091}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 20}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF 9E74}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 9D27}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 9BD4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 9A79}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 9917}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 97B8}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 18}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF A1B5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 A067}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 9F18}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 9DC2}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 9C62}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 9B01}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 19}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF A4F7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 A3A7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 A259}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 A107}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 9FAC}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 9E4A}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 17}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF A839}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 A6E6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 A598}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 A449}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B A2F3}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E A193}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 17}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF AB7C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 AA25}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 A8D6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 A788}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B A635}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E A4DA}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 16}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF AEC1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 AD65}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 AC12}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 AAC4}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B A975}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E A81E}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 15}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF B206}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 B0A6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 AF50}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 AE00}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B ACB3}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E AB60}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 14}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF B54C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 B3EA}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 B28F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 B13D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B AFEF}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E AEA0}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 12}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF B893}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 B731}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 B5D2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 B47C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B B32D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E B1DF}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 11}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF BBD9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 BA7A}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 B918}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 B7BD}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B B66B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E B51E}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 10}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF BF1E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 BDC3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 BC61}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 BB02}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B B9AC}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E B85D}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 9}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF C261}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 C10B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 BFAC}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 BE4A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B BCEF}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E BB9D}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|1997}} || {{nowrap|2016}} || {{nowrap|2035}} || {{nowrap|2054}} || {{nowrap|2073}} || {{nowrap|2092}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 8}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF C5A2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 C451}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 C2F6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 C194}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B C035}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E BEDF}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 7}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF C8E3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 C794}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 C63F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 C4E0}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B C37E}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E C223}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 8}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF CC23}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 CAD6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 C984}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 C82A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B C6C8}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E C569}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 6}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF CF63}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 CE15}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 CCC6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 CB70}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B CA11}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E C8AF}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 6}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF D2A3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 D153}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 D005}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 CEB3}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B CD58}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E CBF6}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 5}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF D5E3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 D490}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 D342}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 D1F3}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B D09C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E CF3D}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 4}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF D925}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 D7CD}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 D67E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 D530}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B D3DE}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E D283}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 2}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF DC69}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 DB0D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 D9BB}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 D86D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B D71E}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E D5C7}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 1}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF DFB0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 DE50}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 DCF9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 DBAA}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B DA5C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E D90A}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 1}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF E2F8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 E196}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 E03A}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 DEE8}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B DD9A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E DC4B}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 30}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF E640}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 E4DE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 E37F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 E228}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B E0D9}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E DF8B}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 29}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF E987}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 E829}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 E6C7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 E56B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B E419}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E E2CB}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 28}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF ECCD}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 EB73}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 EA11}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 E8B1}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B E75B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E E60C}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|1998}} || {{nowrap|2017}} || {{nowrap|2036}} || {{nowrap|2055}} || {{nowrap|2074}} || {{nowrap|2093}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 27}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF F010}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 EEBB}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 ED5C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 EBFB}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B EA9F}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E E94D}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 25}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF F352}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 F201}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 F0A7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 EF45}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B EDE5}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E EC8F}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 27}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF F692}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 F543}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 F3EE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 F28F}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B F12D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E EFD2}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 25}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF F9D0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 F882}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 F731}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 F5D6}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B F474}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E F315}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 25}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF FD0D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 FBBF}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 FA70}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 F91A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B F7BB}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E F659}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 23}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 004B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 FEFB}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 FDAE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 FC5C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B FB01}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E F99F}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 23}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 038B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 0238}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 00EA}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 FF9B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B FE45}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E FCE6}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 21}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 06CE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 0576}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 0427}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 02D9}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 0187}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 002C}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 20}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 0A14}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 08B8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 0765}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 0617}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 04C8}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 0371}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 19}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 0D5C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 0BFC}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 0AA5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 0955}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 0807}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 06B5}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 18}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 10A6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 0F44}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 0DE8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 0C95}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 0B47}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 09F8}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 17}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 13EF}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 128E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 112E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 0FD7}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 0E87}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 0D3A}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|1999}} || {{nowrap|2018}} || {{nowrap|2037}} || {{nowrap|2056}} || {{nowrap|2075}} || {{nowrap|2094}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 16}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 1738}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 15D9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 1477}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 131B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 11C9}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 107B}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 15}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 1A7D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 1924}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 17C2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 1662}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 150B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 13BC}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 16}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 1DC0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 1C6B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 1B0C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 19AA}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 184F}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 16FC}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 14}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 20FF}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 1FAE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 1E54}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 1CF3}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 1B93}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 1A3C}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 14}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 243C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 22EE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 2198}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 203A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 1ED8}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 1D7C}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 13}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 2779}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 262B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 24DA}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 2380}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 221E}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 20BE}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 12}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 2AB6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 2968}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 2819}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 26C3}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 2564}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 2403}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 11}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 2DF4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 2CA4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 2B57}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 2A05}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 28AA}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 2748}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 3135}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 2FE2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 2E94}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 2D45}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 2BEF}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 2A8F}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 3479}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 3322}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 31D2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 3084}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 2F32}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 2DD7}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 37C1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 3664}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 3511}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 33C3}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 3274}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 311E}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 3B0B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 39AA}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 3853}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 3703}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 35B6}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 3464}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|2000}} || {{nowrap|2019}} || {{nowrap|2038}} || {{nowrap|2057}} || {{nowrap|2076}} || {{nowrap|2095}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 3E56}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 3CF4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 3B98}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 3A45}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 38F7}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 37A8}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 41A0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 403F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 3EDF}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 3D88}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 3C38}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 3AEA}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 44E8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 438A}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 4228}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 40CB}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 3F78}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 3E2A}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 482B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 46D2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 4570}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 4410}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 42B9}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 4169}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 4B6B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 4A16}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 48B8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 4756}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 45FA}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 44A7}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 4EA9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 4D58}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 4BFE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 4A9D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 493D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 47E6}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 51E5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 5097}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 4F42}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 4DE3}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 4C81}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 4B26}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 5522}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 53D4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 5283}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 5129}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 4FC7}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 4E67}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 29}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 585F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 5711}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 55C2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 546D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 530E}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 51AC}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 27}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 5B9F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 5A4F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 5901}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 57AF}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 5654}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 54F2}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 27}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 5EE1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 5D8E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 5C40}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 5AF1}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 599B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 583B}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 25}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 6227}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 60CF}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 5F7F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 5E32}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 5CE0}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 5B85}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 25}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 6571}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 6414}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 62C1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 6173}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 6024}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 5ECE}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|2001}} || {{nowrap|2020}} || {{nowrap|2039}} || {{nowrap|2058}} || {{nowrap|2077}} || {{nowrap|2096}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 24}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 68BC}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 675C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 6604}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 64B4}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 6366}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 6214}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 22}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 6C07}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 6AA5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 6948}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 67F5}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 66A6}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 6557}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 24}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 6F4F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 6DEE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 6C8E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 6B36}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 69E6}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 6898}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 22}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 7294}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 7136}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 6FD4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 6E77}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 6D24}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 6BD6}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 22}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 75D5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 747C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 731B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 71BB}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 7063}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 6F14}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffaaaa;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 20}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 7915}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 77C0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 7662}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 7500}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 73A4}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 7251}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 19}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 7C52}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 7B01}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 79A7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 7846}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 76E6}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 758F}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 18}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 7F8E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 7E40}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 7CEB}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 7B8C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 7A2A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 78CE}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 16}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 82CB}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 817E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 802C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 7ED2}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 7D70}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 7C11}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 16}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 860A}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 84BC}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 836D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 8218}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 80B9}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 7F57}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 15}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 894C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 87FB}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 86AE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 855C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 8402}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 82A0}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 14}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 8C90}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 8B3D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 89EF}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 88A0}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 874A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 85EC}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|2002}} || {{nowrap|2021}} || {{nowrap|2040}} || {{nowrap|2059}} || {{nowrap|2078}} || {{nowrap|2097}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 13}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 8FD8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 8E80}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 8D30}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 8BE2}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 8A90}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 8936}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 11}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 9322}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 91C5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 9071}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 8F23}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 8DD4}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 8C7E}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 13}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 966C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 950B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 93B2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 9262}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 9114}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 8FC3}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 11}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 99B4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 9852}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 96F5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 95A1}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 9453}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 9305}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 11}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 9CFB}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 9B9A}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 9A39}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 98E1}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 9791}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 9644}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 A03E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 9EE1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 9D7E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 9C22}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 9ACF}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 9981}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 A37F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 A226}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 A0C4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 9F64}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 9E0C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 9CBD}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 A6BD}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 A569}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 A40A}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 A2A8}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C A14C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 9FF9}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 A9FB}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 A8AA}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 A750}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 A5EF}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C A48F}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F A337}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 AD39}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 ABEA}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 AA95}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 A937}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C A7D5}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F A679}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 B078}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 AF2A}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 ADD9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 AC7F}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C AB1E}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F A9BE}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 B3B9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 B26B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 B11C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 AFC7}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C AE69}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F AD07}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|2003}} || {{nowrap|2022}} || {{nowrap|2041}} || {{nowrap|2060}} || {{nowrap|2079}} || {{nowrap|2098}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 B6FC}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 B5AC}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 B45E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 B30D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C B1B3}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F B051}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 BA41}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 B8ED}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 B79F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 B650}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C B4FB}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F B39C}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 BD88}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 BC2F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 BADE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 B991}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C B840}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F B6E6}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 C0D0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 BF72}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 BE1E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 BCD0}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C BB81}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F BA2C}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 C418}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 C2B7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 C15E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 C00E}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C BEC1}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F BD70}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 29}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 C75F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 C5FD}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 C4A0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 C34C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C C1FE}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F C0AF}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 28}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 CAA4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 C943}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 C7E2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 C68A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C C53A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F C3ED}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 27}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 CDE7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 CC89}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 CB27}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 C9CA}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C C877}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F C729}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 26}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 D127}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 CFCE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 CE6D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 CD0D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C CBB5}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F CA65}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 24}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 D467}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 D312}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 D1B4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 D052}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C CEF6}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F CDA3}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 24}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 D7A6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 D656}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 D4FC}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 D39B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C D23B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F D0E4}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 22}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 DAE7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 D998}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 D844}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 D6E6}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C D583}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F D427}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffff00;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 22}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 DE27}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 DCDA}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 DB89}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 DA2F}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C D8CE}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F D76E}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|2004}} || {{nowrap|2023}} || {{nowrap|2042}} || {{nowrap|2061}} || {{nowrap|2080}} || {{nowrap|2099}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 21}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 E169}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 E01A}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 DECC}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 DD77}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C DC19}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F DAB7}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 20}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 E4AC}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 E35B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 E20D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 E0BC}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C DF63}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F DE01}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 20}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 E7EF}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 E69B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 E54D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 E3FE}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C E2AA}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F E14C}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 19}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 EB35}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 E9DC}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 E88B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 E73E}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C E5ED}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F E493}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 19}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 EE7B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 ED1E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 EBCA}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 EA7B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C E92D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F E7D8}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 17}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 F1C2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 F061}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 EF08}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 EDB8}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C EC6A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F EB19}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 17}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 F508}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 F3A5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 F248}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 F0F4}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C EFA6}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F EE57}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 15}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 F84C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 F6EB}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 F58B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 F432}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C F2E2}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F F195}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 13}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 FB90}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 FA32}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 F8D0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 F774}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C F620}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F F4D2}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 13}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 FED3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 FD7A}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 FC19}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 FAB8}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C F961}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F F811}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 11}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 0214}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 00C0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 FF63}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 FE00}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C FCA4}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F FB51}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 11}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 0556}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 0405}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 02AC}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 014B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C FFEA}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F FE93}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|2005}} || {{nowrap|2024}} || {{nowrap|2043}} || {{nowrap|2062}} || {{nowrap|2081}} || {{nowrap|2100}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 10}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 0896}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 0748}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 05F3}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 0496}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 0334}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 01D7}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 0BD7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 0A89}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 0938}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 07E0}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 067E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 051E}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 10}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 0F17}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 0DC9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 0C7B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 0B27}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 09C9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 0867}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 1259}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 1108}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 0FBB}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 0E6A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 0D11}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 0BB0}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 159C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 1447}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 12F9}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 11AA}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 1056}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 0EF8}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 18DF}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 1786}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 1635}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 14E8}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 1397}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 123D}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 1C24}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 1AC6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 1972}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 1824}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 16D5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 1580}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 1F6A}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 1E09}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 1CB0}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 1B60}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 1A12}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 18C1}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 22B1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 214E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 1FF1}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 1E9D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 1D4F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 1C01}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 25F7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 2496}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 2336}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 21DE}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 208D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 1F40}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 293D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 27E0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 267E}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 2521}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 23CD}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 227F}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 2C81}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 2B29}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 29C8}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 2867}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 270F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 25BF}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 30}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 2FC4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 2E70}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 2D13}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 2BB0}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 2A53}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 2900}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|2006}} || {{nowrap|2025}} || {{nowrap|2044}} || {{nowrap|2063}} || {{nowrap|2082}} || {{nowrap|2101}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 28}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 3305}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 31B5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 305C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 2EFB}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 2D9B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 2C43}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 27}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 3645}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 34F7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 33A3}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 3246}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 30E4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 2F87}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 29}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 3985}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 3837}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 36E7}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 358F}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 342E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 32CD}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 27}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 3CC4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 3B76}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 3A27}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 38D3}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 3776}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 3614}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 27}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 4004}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 3EB3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 3D65}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 3C14}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 3ABC}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 395A}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 25}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 4345}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 41F0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 40A1}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 3F53}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 3DFE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 3CA0}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 24}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 4687}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 452E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 43DD}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 4290}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 413F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 3FE6}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 23}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 49CD}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 486F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 471B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 45CD}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 447E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 4329}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 21}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 4D14}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 4BB3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 4A5B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 490A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 47BD}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 466C}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 20}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 505D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 4EFB}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 4D9E}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 4C4A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 4AFB}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 49AD}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 19}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 53A5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 5245}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 50E4}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 4F8B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 4E3B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 4CED}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffff00;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 19}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 56EC}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 558F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 542D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 52D0}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 517C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 502D}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|2007}} || {{nowrap|2026}} || {{nowrap|2045}} || {{nowrap|2064}} || {{nowrap|2083}} || {{nowrap|2102}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 18}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 5A31}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 58D9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 5778}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 5617}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 54BF}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 536E}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 16}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 5D73}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 5C20}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 5AC3}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 5961}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 5804}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 56B0}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 18}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 60B4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 5F64}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 5E0C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 5CAB}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 5B4A}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 59F2}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 16}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 63F3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 62A5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 6151}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 5FF4}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 5E92}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 5D34}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 16}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 6730}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 65E2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 6492}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 633A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 61D9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 6078}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 14}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 6A6D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 691F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 67D0}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 667C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 651F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 63BD}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 14}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 6DAC}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 6C5B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 6B0D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 69BD}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 6864}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 6703}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 12}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 70ED}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 6F98}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 6E4A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 6CFC}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 6BA7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 6A4A}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 11}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 7431}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 72D8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 7187}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 703A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 6EE9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 6D90}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 10}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 7779}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 761B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 74C6}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 7378}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 7229}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 70D4}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 7AC2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 7961}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 7808}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 76B7}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 7569}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 7418}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 7E0C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 7CAA}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 7B4C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 79F8}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 78A9}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|2008}} || {{nowrap|2027}} || {{nowrap|2046}} || {{nowrap|2065}} || {{nowrap|2084}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 8155}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 7FF5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 7E94}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 7D3B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 7BEA}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 849D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 8340}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 81DE}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 8080}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 7F2C}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 87E1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 8689}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 8529}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 83C8}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 826F}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 8B21}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 89CE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 8872}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 8710}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 85B2}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 8E5F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 8D10}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 8BB8}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 8A57}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 88F6}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 919C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 904E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 8EFB}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 8D9E}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 8C3C}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 94D8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 938B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 923B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 90E3}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 8F82}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 9816}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 96C7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 9579}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 9425}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 92C8}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 30}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 9B55}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 9A04}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 98B7}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 9766}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 960E}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 29}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 9E98}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 9D43}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 9BF5}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 9AA6}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 9952}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 28}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 A1DE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 A084}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 9F33}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 9DE5}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 9C95}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 27}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 A527}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 A3C9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 A274}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A A125}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 9FD7}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 27}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 A872}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 A711}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 A5B7}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A A466}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D A318}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|2009}} || {{nowrap|2028}} || {{nowrap|2047}} || {{nowrap|2066}} || {{nowrap|2085}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 25}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 ABBD}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 AA5B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 A8FD}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A A7A8}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D A65A}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 24}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 AF06}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 ADA6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 AC45}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A AAEB}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D A99A}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 25}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 B24B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 B0EF}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 AF8D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A AE2F}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D ACDA}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 24}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 B58D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 B436}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 B2D5}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A B174}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D B01A}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 23}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 B8CB}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 B778}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 B61C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A B4BA}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D B35C}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffff00;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 22}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 BC08}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 BAB9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 B961}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A B801}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D B69F}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 21}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 BF45}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 BDF7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 BCA4}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A BB47}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D B9E5}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 20}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 C282}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 C134}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 BFE4}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A BE8C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D BD2B}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 18}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 C5C0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 C471}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 C323}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A C1CF}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D C072}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 18}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 C901}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 C7B0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 C662}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A C511}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D C3B9}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 16}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 CC45}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 CAF0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 C9A1}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A C853}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D C6FF}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 16}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 CF8D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 CE33}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 CCE2}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A CB94}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D CA44}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|2010}} || {{nowrap|2029}} || {{nowrap|2048}} || {{nowrap|2067}} || {{nowrap|2086}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 14}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 D2D8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 D179}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 D024}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A CED5}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D CD87}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 13}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 D623}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 D4C2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 D368}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A D216}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D D0C8}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 14}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 D96D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 D80B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 D6AC}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A D557}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D D408}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 13}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 DCB3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 DB53}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 D9F2}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A D898}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D D747}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 12}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 DFF6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 DE9B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 DD38}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A DBDA}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D DA85}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 11}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 E336}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 E1DF}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 E07F}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A DF1E}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D DDC4}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 10}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 E675}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 E522}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 E3C5}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A E263}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D E105}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 E9B1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 E862}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 E70A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A E5AA}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D E448}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 ECEE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 EBA0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 EA4D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A E8F0}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D E78E}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 F02C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 EEDE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 ED8E}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A EC36}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D EAD6}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 F36C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 F21D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 F0CF}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A EF7C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D EE1F}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 F6AF}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 F55E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 F410}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A F2C0}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D F168}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|2011}} || {{nowrap|2030}} || {{nowrap|2049}} || {{nowrap|2068}} || {{nowrap|2087}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 F9F6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 F8A0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 F751}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A F603}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D F4B0}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 FD3F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 FBE4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 FA92}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A F944}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D F7F4}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 0088}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 FF29}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 FDD3}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A FC84}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D FB36}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 03D1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 0270}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 0115}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A FFC3}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D FE76}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 0719}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 05B7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 0458}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 0302}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 01B4}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 0A5E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 08FE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 079C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 0642}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 04F1}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 0DA0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 0C44}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 0AE2}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 0984}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 082F}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 29}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 10DF}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 0F88}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 0E28}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 0CC7}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 0B6D}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 27}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 141D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 12CA}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 116E}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 100C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 0EAE}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 26}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 175B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 160B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 14B4}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 1353}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 11F2}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 26}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 1A9A}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 194C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 17F9}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 169C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 153A}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 24}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 1DDA}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 1C8C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 1B3D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 19E5}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 1885}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 24}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 211C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 1FCD}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 1E7F}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 1D2C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 1BCF}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|2012}} || {{nowrap|2031}} || {{nowrap|2050}} || {{nowrap|2069}} || {{nowrap|2088}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 23}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 2460}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 230E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 21C0}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 2070}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 1F19}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 21}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 27A6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 2650}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 2500}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 23B2}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 225F}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 22}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 2AED}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 2992}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 2840}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 26F2}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 25A2}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 21}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 2E35}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 2CD6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 2B80}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 2A31}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 28E3}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 20}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 317D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 301B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 2EC0}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 2D6E}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 2C21}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffff00;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 19}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 34C3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 3361}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 3202}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 30AC}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 2F5E}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 18}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 3807}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 36A7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 3545}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 33EB}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 329A}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 16}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 3B48}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 39ED}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 388A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 372C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 35D7}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 15}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 3E89}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 3D31}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 3BD1}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 3A70}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 3916}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 14}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 41C8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 4076}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 3F1A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 3DB8}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 3C59}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 13}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 4508}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 43B9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 4262}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 4102}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 3FA0}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 13}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 4849}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 46FB}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 45A8}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 444C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 42EA}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|2013}} || {{nowrap|2032}} || {{nowrap|2051}} || {{nowrap|2070}} || {{nowrap|2089}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 11}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 4B8A}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 4A3C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 48ED}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 4795}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 4635}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 10}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 4ECC}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 4D7D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 4C2F}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 4ADC}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 4980}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 11}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 520F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 50BD}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 4F6F}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 4E1F}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 4CC8}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 10}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 5553}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 53FD}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 52AE}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 5160}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 500D}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 5899}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 573E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 55EC}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 549E}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 534F}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 5BDF}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 5A80}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 592A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 57DB}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 568D}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 5F26}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 5DC4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 5C69}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 5B17}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 59C9}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 626B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 6109}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 5FAA}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 5E54}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 5D06}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 65AF}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 6450}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 62EE}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 6194}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 6043}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 68F3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 6797}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 6635}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 64D7}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 6382}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 6C35}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 6ADF}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 697F}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 681D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 66C4}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 6F77}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 6E25}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 6CC9}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 6B67}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 6A08}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|2014}} || {{nowrap|2033}} || {{nowrap|2052}} || {{nowrap|2071}} || {{nowrap|2090}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 72B8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 7169}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 7012}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 6EB2}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 6D50}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 30}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 75F9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 74AB}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 7358}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 71FD}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 709B}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 7939}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 77EB}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 769C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 7545}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 73E5}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 30}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 7C7A}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 7B2A}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 79DD}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 788A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 772F}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 29}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 7FBB}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 7E69}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 7D1B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 7BCC}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 7A75}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 28}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 82FE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 81A8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 8058}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 7F0A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 7DB8}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 26}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 8642}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 84E7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 8395}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 8247}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 80F7}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 26}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 8988}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 8828}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 86D2}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 8583}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 8435}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 24}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 8CCE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 8B6C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 8A11}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 88C0}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 8772}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 22}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 9015}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 8EB3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 8D54}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 8BFF}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 8AB0}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 22}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 935C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 91FC}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 909B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 8F40}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 8DEF}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 21}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 96A1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 9546}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 93E4}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 9285}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 912F}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffaaaa;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 21}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 99E5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 988E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 972F}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 95CD}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 9473}}

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      <text bytes="76951" sha1="q0pfkveogvts1n06dr7e4k2613cuijf" xml:space="preserve">[[Bully_Metric|Bully Metric Main Page]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Bully_Metric_Timestamps|Bully Metric Timestamps Main Page]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Bully_Metric_Metonic_cycle|The Metonic Cycle in Bully Metric]]&lt;br /&gt;
[https://unitfreak.github.io/Bully-Row-Timestamps/Java_Bully.html Current Bully Timestamp (GitHub)]&lt;br /&gt;

The '''Metonic cycle''' is a period of approximately 19 solar years, after which the Moon's phases recur on the same calendar dates. This cycle arises because 19 solar years and 235 synodic months nearly coincide.

[[File:Bully_Metric_Metonic_Cycle.png|thumb|center|650 px| Figure 1: Moon phase observed during Equinox. &lt;small&gt;(19-Year Metonic Alignment)&lt;/small&gt;]]

The Moon’s phase &quot;advances&quot; by approximately {{frac|7|19}} of a lunar cycle when observed on the same day in subsequent years (see figure 1). For example, if a '''New Moon''' occurs on the December Solstice of 2014:
* The 2015 solstice will feature a '''Waxing Gibbous Moon''' (an advancement of ~{{frac|7|19}}).
* The 2016 solstice will feature a '''Third Quarter Moon''' (an advancement of ~{{frac|14|19}}).
* The 2017 solstice will feature a '''Waxing Crescent Moon''' (an advancement of ~{{frac|21|19}}).
* And the 2033 solstice will feature a '''New Moon''' (an advancement of 7 complete cycles).

Within this 19-year span, significant &quot;near-matches&quot; occur at the 8-year and 11-year marks. At 8 years, the drift reaches {{frac|56|19}} (approx. 2.95 cycles); at 11 years, it reaches {{frac|77|19}} (approx. 4.05 cycles). These intervals represent points where the lunar-solar alignment falls just short or just past a full-integer &quot;reset,&quot; which eventually concludes at the 19-year mark.

== The New Moon Solstice ==
The darkest nights in the Northern Hemisphere occur when the '''December Solstice''' coincides with a '''New Moon'''. The darkest nights in the Southern Hemisphere occur when the '''June Solstice''' coincides with a '''New Moon'''. The Metonic cycle predicts this alignment every 19 years, with significant &quot;near-matches&quot; at the 8th- and 11th-year marks.

Table 1 illustrates Metonic cycles over a one-century period (1996–2109), listing the approximate date and Bully timestamp for every New Moon during the century. Red cells indicate the New Moon Solstice alignment every 19 years. Yellow cells indicate the New Moon Solstice near-alignments on the 8th- and 11th-year marks of the Metonic cycle.

The last four hex digits of the Bully timestamp cycle approximately three times per Metonic cycle:
* July 23, 1998 New Moon on 8209 280'''0 038B'''
* July 23, 2017 New Moon on 8209 280'''3 0238'''

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; width:100%; max-width:800px; font-size: small; font-family: monospace, monospace;&quot;
|+ Table 1: New Moon Bully Timestamps 1996 .. 2102

|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: medium; font-weight: bold;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding: 10px; font-size: large;&quot; | Metonic Cycle
! colspan=&quot;7&quot; style=&quot;padding: 10px;&quot; | Every New Moon (1996 .. 2102)

|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| {{nowrap|1996}} || {{nowrap|2015}} || {{nowrap|2034}} || {{nowrap|2053}} || {{nowrap|2072}} || {{nowrap|2091}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 20}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF 9E74}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 9D27}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 9BD4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 9A79}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 9917}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 97B8}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 18}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF A1B5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 A067}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 9F18}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 9DC2}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 9C62}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 9B01}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 19}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF A4F7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 A3A7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 A259}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 A107}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 9FAC}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 9E4A}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 17}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF A839}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 A6E6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 A598}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 A449}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B A2F3}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E A193}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 17}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF AB7C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 AA25}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 A8D6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 A788}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B A635}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E A4DA}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 16}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF AEC1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 AD65}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 AC12}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 AAC4}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B A975}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E A81E}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 15}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF B206}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 B0A6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 AF50}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 AE00}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B ACB3}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E AB60}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 14}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF B54C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 B3EA}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 B28F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 B13D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B AFEF}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E AEA0}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 12}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF B893}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 B731}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 B5D2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 B47C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B B32D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E B1DF}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 11}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF BBD9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 BA7A}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 B918}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 B7BD}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B B66B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E B51E}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 10}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF BF1E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 BDC3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 BC61}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 BB02}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B B9AC}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E B85D}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 9}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF C261}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 C10B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 BFAC}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 BE4A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B BCEF}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E BB9D}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|1997}} || {{nowrap|2016}} || {{nowrap|2035}} || {{nowrap|2054}} || {{nowrap|2073}} || {{nowrap|2092}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 8}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF C5A2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 C451}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 C2F6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 C194}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B C035}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E BEDF}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 7}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF C8E3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 C794}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 C63F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 C4E0}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B C37E}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E C223}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 8}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF CC23}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 CAD6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 C984}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 C82A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B C6C8}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E C569}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 6}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF CF63}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 CE15}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 CCC6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 CB70}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B CA11}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E C8AF}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 6}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF D2A3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 D153}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 D005}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 CEB3}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B CD58}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E CBF6}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 5}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF D5E3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 D490}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 D342}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 D1F3}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B D09C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E CF3D}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 4}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF D925}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 D7CD}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 D67E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 D530}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B D3DE}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E D283}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 2}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF DC69}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 DB0D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 D9BB}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 D86D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B D71E}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E D5C7}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 1}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF DFB0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 DE50}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 DCF9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 DBAA}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B DA5C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E D90A}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 1}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF E2F8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 E196}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 E03A}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 DEE8}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B DD9A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E DC4B}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 30}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF E640}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 E4DE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 E37F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 E228}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B E0D9}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E DF8B}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 29}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF E987}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 E829}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 E6C7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 E56B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B E419}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E E2CB}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 28}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF ECCD}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 EB73}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 EA11}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 E8B1}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B E75B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E E60C}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|1998}} || {{nowrap|2017}} || {{nowrap|2036}} || {{nowrap|2055}} || {{nowrap|2074}} || {{nowrap|2093}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 27}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF F010}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 EEBB}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 ED5C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 EBFB}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B EA9F}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E E94D}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 25}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF F352}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 F201}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 F0A7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 EF45}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B EDE5}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E EC8F}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 27}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF F692}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 F543}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 F3EE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 F28F}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B F12D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E EFD2}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 25}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF F9D0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 F882}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 F731}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 F5D6}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B F474}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E F315}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 25}} || {{nowrap|8209 27FF FD0D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 FBBF}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 FA70}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 F91A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B F7BB}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E F659}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 23}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 004B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 FEFB}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 FDAE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 FC5C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B FB01}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E F99F}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 23}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 038B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 0238}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 00EA}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 FF9B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B FE45}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E FCE6}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 21}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 06CE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 0576}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 0427}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 02D9}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 0187}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 002C}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 20}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 0A14}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 08B8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 0765}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 0617}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 04C8}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 0371}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 19}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 0D5C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 0BFC}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 0AA5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 0955}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 0807}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 06B5}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 18}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 10A6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 0F44}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 0DE8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 0C95}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 0B47}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 09F8}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 17}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 13EF}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 128E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 112E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 0FD7}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 0E87}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 0D3A}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|1999}} || {{nowrap|2018}} || {{nowrap|2037}} || {{nowrap|2056}} || {{nowrap|2075}} || {{nowrap|2094}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 16}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 1738}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 15D9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 1477}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 131B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 11C9}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 107B}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 15}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 1A7D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 1924}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 17C2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 1662}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 150B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 13BC}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 16}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 1DC0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 1C6B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 1B0C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 19AA}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 184F}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 16FC}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 14}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 20FF}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 1FAE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 1E54}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 1CF3}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 1B93}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 1A3C}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 14}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 243C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 22EE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 2198}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 203A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 1ED8}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 1D7C}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 13}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 2779}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 262B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 24DA}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 2380}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 221E}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 20BE}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 12}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 2AB6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 2968}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 2819}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 26C3}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 2564}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 2403}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 11}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 2DF4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 2CA4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 2B57}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 2A05}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 28AA}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 2748}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 3135}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 2FE2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 2E94}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 2D45}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 2BEF}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 2A8F}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 3479}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 3322}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 31D2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 3084}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 2F32}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 2DD7}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 37C1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 3664}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 3511}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 33C3}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 3274}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 311E}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 3B0B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 39AA}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 3853}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 3703}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 35B6}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 3464}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|2000}} || {{nowrap|2019}} || {{nowrap|2038}} || {{nowrap|2057}} || {{nowrap|2076}} || {{nowrap|2095}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 3E56}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 3CF4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 3B98}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 3A45}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 38F7}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 37A8}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 41A0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 403F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 3EDF}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 3D88}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 3C38}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 3AEA}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 44E8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 438A}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 4228}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 40CB}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 3F78}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 3E2A}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 482B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 46D2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 4570}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 4410}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 42B9}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 4169}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 4B6B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 4A16}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 48B8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 4756}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 45FA}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 44A7}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 4EA9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 4D58}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 4BFE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 4A9D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 493D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 47E6}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 51E5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 5097}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 4F42}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 4DE3}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 4C81}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 4B26}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 5522}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 53D4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 5283}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 5129}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 4FC7}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 4E67}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 29}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 585F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 5711}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 55C2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 546D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 530E}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 51AC}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 27}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 5B9F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 5A4F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 5901}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 57AF}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 5654}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 54F2}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 27}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 5EE1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 5D8E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 5C40}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 5AF1}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 599B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 583B}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 25}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 6227}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 60CF}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 5F7F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 5E32}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 5CE0}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 5B85}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 25}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 6571}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 6414}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 62C1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 6173}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 6024}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 5ECE}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|2001}} || {{nowrap|2020}} || {{nowrap|2039}} || {{nowrap|2058}} || {{nowrap|2077}} || {{nowrap|2096}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 24}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 68BC}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 675C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 6604}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 64B4}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 6366}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 6214}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 22}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 6C07}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 6AA5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 6948}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 67F5}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 66A6}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 6557}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 24}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 6F4F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 6DEE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 6C8E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 6B36}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 69E6}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 6898}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 22}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 7294}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 7136}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 6FD4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 6E77}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 6D24}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 6BD6}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 22}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 75D5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 747C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 731B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 71BB}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 7063}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 6F14}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffaaaa;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 20}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 7915}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 77C0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 7662}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 7500}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 73A4}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 7251}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 19}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 7C52}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 7B01}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 79A7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 7846}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 76E6}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 758F}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 18}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 7F8E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 7E40}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 7CEB}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 7B8C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 7A2A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 78CE}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 16}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 82CB}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 817E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 802C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 7ED2}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 7D70}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 7C11}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 16}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 860A}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 84BC}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 836D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 8218}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 80B9}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 7F57}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 15}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 894C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 87FB}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 86AE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 855C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 8402}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 82A0}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 14}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 8C90}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 8B3D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 89EF}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 88A0}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 874A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 85EC}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|2002}} || {{nowrap|2021}} || {{nowrap|2040}} || {{nowrap|2059}} || {{nowrap|2078}} || {{nowrap|2097}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 13}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 8FD8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 8E80}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 8D30}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 8BE2}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 8A90}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 8936}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 11}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 9322}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 91C5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 9071}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 8F23}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 8DD4}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 8C7E}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 13}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 966C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 950B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 93B2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 9262}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 9114}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 8FC3}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 11}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 99B4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 9852}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 96F5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 95A1}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 9453}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 9305}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 11}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 9CFB}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 9B9A}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 9A39}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 98E1}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 9791}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 9644}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 A03E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 9EE1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 9D7E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 9C22}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 9ACF}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 9981}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 A37F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 A226}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 A0C4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 9F64}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C 9E0C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 9CBD}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 A6BD}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 A569}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 A40A}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 A2A8}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C A14C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F 9FF9}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 A9FB}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 A8AA}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 A750}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 A5EF}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C A48F}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F A337}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 AD39}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 ABEA}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 AA95}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 A937}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C A7D5}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F A679}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 B078}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 AF2A}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 ADD9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 AC7F}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C AB1E}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F A9BE}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 B3B9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 B26B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 B11C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 AFC7}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C AE69}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F AD07}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|2003}} || {{nowrap|2022}} || {{nowrap|2041}} || {{nowrap|2060}} || {{nowrap|2079}} || {{nowrap|2098}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 B6FC}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 B5AC}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 B45E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 B30D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C B1B3}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F B051}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 BA41}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 B8ED}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 B79F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 B650}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C B4FB}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F B39C}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 BD88}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 BC2F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 BADE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 B991}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C B840}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F B6E6}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 C0D0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 BF72}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 BE1E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 BCD0}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C BB81}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F BA2C}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 C418}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 C2B7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 C15E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 C00E}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C BEC1}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F BD70}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 29}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 C75F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 C5FD}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 C4A0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 C34C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C C1FE}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F C0AF}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 28}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 CAA4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 C943}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 C7E2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 C68A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C C53A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F C3ED}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 27}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 CDE7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 CC89}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 CB27}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 C9CA}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C C877}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F C729}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 26}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 D127}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 CFCE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 CE6D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 CD0D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C CBB5}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F CA65}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 24}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 D467}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 D312}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 D1B4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 D052}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C CEF6}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F CDA3}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 24}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 D7A6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 D656}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 D4FC}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 D39B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C D23B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F D0E4}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 22}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 DAE7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 D998}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 D844}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 D6E6}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C D583}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F D427}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffff00;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 22}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 DE27}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 DCDA}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 DB89}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 DA2F}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C D8CE}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F D76E}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|2004}} || {{nowrap|2023}} || {{nowrap|2042}} || {{nowrap|2061}} || {{nowrap|2080}} || {{nowrap|2099}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 21}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 E169}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 E01A}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 DECC}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 DD77}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C DC19}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F DAB7}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 20}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 E4AC}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 E35B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 E20D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 E0BC}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C DF63}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F DE01}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 20}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 E7EF}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 E69B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 E54D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 E3FE}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C E2AA}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F E14C}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 19}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 EB35}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 E9DC}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 E88B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 E73E}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C E5ED}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F E493}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 19}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 EE7B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 ED1E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 EBCA}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 EA7B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C E92D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F E7D8}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 17}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 F1C2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 F061}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 EF08}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 EDB8}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C EC6A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F EB19}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 17}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 F508}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 F3A5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 F248}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 F0F4}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C EFA6}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F EE57}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 15}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 F84C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 F6EB}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 F58B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 F432}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C F2E2}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F F195}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 13}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 FB90}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 FA32}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 F8D0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 F774}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C F620}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F F4D2}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 13}} || {{nowrap|8209 2800 FED3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2803 FD7A}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 FC19}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 FAB8}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C F961}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F F811}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 11}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 0214}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 00C0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2806 FF63}} || {{nowrap|8209 2809 FE00}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C FCA4}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F FB51}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 11}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 0556}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 0405}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 02AC}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 014B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280C FFEA}} || {{nowrap|8209 280F FE93}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|2005}} || {{nowrap|2024}} || {{nowrap|2043}} || {{nowrap|2062}} || {{nowrap|2081}} || {{nowrap|2100}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 10}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 0896}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 0748}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 05F3}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 0496}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 0334}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 01D7}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 0BD7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 0A89}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 0938}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 07E0}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 067E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 051E}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 10}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 0F17}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 0DC9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 0C7B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 0B27}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 09C9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 0867}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 1259}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 1108}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 0FBB}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 0E6A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 0D11}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 0BB0}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 159C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 1447}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 12F9}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 11AA}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 1056}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 0EF8}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 18DF}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 1786}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 1635}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 14E8}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 1397}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 123D}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 1C24}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 1AC6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 1972}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 1824}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 16D5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 1580}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 1F6A}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 1E09}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 1CB0}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 1B60}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 1A12}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 18C1}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 22B1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 214E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 1FF1}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 1E9D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 1D4F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 1C01}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 25F7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 2496}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 2336}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 21DE}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 208D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 1F40}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 293D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 27E0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 267E}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 2521}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 23CD}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 227F}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 2C81}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 2B29}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 29C8}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 2867}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 270F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 25BF}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 30}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 2FC4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 2E70}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 2D13}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 2BB0}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 2A53}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 2900}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|2006}} || {{nowrap|2025}} || {{nowrap|2044}} || {{nowrap|2063}} || {{nowrap|2082}} || {{nowrap|2101}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 28}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 3305}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 31B5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 305C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 2EFB}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 2D9B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 2C43}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 27}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 3645}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 34F7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 33A3}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 3246}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 30E4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 2F87}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 29}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 3985}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 3837}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 36E7}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 358F}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 342E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 32CD}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 27}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 3CC4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 3B76}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 3A27}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 38D3}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 3776}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 3614}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 27}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 4004}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 3EB3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 3D65}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 3C14}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 3ABC}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 395A}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 25}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 4345}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 41F0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 40A1}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 3F53}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 3DFE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 3CA0}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 24}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 4687}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 452E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 43DD}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 4290}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 413F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 3FE6}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 23}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 49CD}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 486F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 471B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 45CD}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 447E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 4329}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 21}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 4D14}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 4BB3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 4A5B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 490A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 47BD}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 466C}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 20}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 505D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 4EFB}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 4D9E}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 4C4A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 4AFB}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 49AD}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 19}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 53A5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 5245}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 50E4}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 4F8B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 4E3B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 4CED}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffff00;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 19}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 56EC}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 558F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 542D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 52D0}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 517C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 502D}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|2007}} || {{nowrap|2026}} || {{nowrap|2045}} || {{nowrap|2064}} || {{nowrap|2083}} || {{nowrap|2102}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 18}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 5A31}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 58D9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 5778}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 5617}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 54BF}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 536E}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 16}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 5D73}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 5C20}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 5AC3}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 5961}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 5804}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 56B0}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 18}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 60B4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 5F64}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 5E0C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 5CAB}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 5B4A}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 59F2}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 16}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 63F3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 62A5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 6151}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 5FF4}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 5E92}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 5D34}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 16}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 6730}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 65E2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 6492}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 633A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 61D9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 6078}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 14}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 6A6D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 691F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 67D0}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 667C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 651F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 63BD}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 14}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 6DAC}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 6C5B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 6B0D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 69BD}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 6864}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 6703}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 12}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 70ED}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 6F98}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 6E4A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 6CFC}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 6BA7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 6A4A}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 11}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 7431}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 72D8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 7187}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 703A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 6EE9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 6D90}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 10}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 7779}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 761B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 74C6}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 7378}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 7229}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 70D4}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 7AC2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 7961}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 7808}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 76B7}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 7569}} || {{nowrap|8209 2810 7418}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 7E0C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 7CAA}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 7B4C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 79F8}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 78A9}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|2008}} || {{nowrap|2027}} || {{nowrap|2046}} || {{nowrap|2065}} || {{nowrap|2084}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 8155}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 7FF5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 7E94}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 7D3B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 7BEA}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 849D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 8340}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 81DE}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 8080}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 7F2C}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 87E1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 8689}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 8529}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 83C8}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 826F}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 8B21}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 89CE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 8872}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 8710}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 85B2}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 8E5F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 8D10}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 8BB8}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 8A57}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 88F6}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 919C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 904E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 8EFB}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 8D9E}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 8C3C}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 94D8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 938B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 923B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 90E3}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 8F82}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 9816}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 96C7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 9579}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 9425}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 92C8}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 30}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 9B55}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 9A04}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 98B7}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 9766}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 960E}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 29}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 9E98}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 9D43}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 9BF5}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 9AA6}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 9952}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 28}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 A1DE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 A084}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 9F33}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A 9DE5}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 9C95}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 27}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 A527}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 A3C9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 A274}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A A125}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D 9FD7}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 27}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 A872}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 A711}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 A5B7}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A A466}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D A318}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|2009}} || {{nowrap|2028}} || {{nowrap|2047}} || {{nowrap|2066}} || {{nowrap|2085}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 25}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 ABBD}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 AA5B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 A8FD}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A A7A8}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D A65A}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 24}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 AF06}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 ADA6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 AC45}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A AAEB}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D A99A}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 25}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 B24B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 B0EF}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 AF8D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A AE2F}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D ACDA}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 24}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 B58D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 B436}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 B2D5}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A B174}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D B01A}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 23}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 B8CB}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 B778}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 B61C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A B4BA}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D B35C}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffff00;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 22}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 BC08}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 BAB9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 B961}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A B801}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D B69F}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 21}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 BF45}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 BDF7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 BCA4}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A BB47}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D B9E5}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 20}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 C282}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 C134}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 BFE4}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A BE8C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D BD2B}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 18}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 C5C0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 C471}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 C323}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A C1CF}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D C072}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 18}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 C901}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 C7B0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 C662}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A C511}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D C3B9}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 16}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 CC45}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 CAF0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 C9A1}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A C853}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D C6FF}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 16}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 CF8D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 CE33}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 CCE2}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A CB94}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D CA44}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|2010}} || {{nowrap|2029}} || {{nowrap|2048}} || {{nowrap|2067}} || {{nowrap|2086}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 14}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 D2D8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 D179}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 D024}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A CED5}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D CD87}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 13}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 D623}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 D4C2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 D368}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A D216}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D D0C8}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 14}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 D96D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 D80B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 D6AC}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A D557}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D D408}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 13}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 DCB3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 DB53}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 D9F2}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A D898}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D D747}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 12}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 DFF6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 DE9B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 DD38}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A DBDA}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D DA85}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 11}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 E336}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 E1DF}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 E07F}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A DF1E}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D DDC4}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 10}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 E675}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 E522}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 E3C5}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A E263}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D E105}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 E9B1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 E862}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 E70A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A E5AA}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D E448}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 ECEE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 EBA0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 EA4D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A E8F0}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D E78E}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 F02C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 EEDE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 ED8E}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A EC36}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D EAD6}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 F36C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 F21D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 F0CF}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A EF7C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D EE1F}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 F6AF}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 F55E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 F410}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A F2C0}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D F168}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|2011}} || {{nowrap|2030}} || {{nowrap|2049}} || {{nowrap|2068}} || {{nowrap|2087}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 F9F6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 F8A0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 F751}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A F603}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D F4B0}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2801 FD3F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 FBE4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 FA92}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A F944}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D F7F4}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 0088}} || {{nowrap|8209 2804 FF29}} || {{nowrap|8209 2807 FDD3}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A FC84}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D FB36}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 03D1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 0270}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 0115}} || {{nowrap|8209 280A FFC3}} || {{nowrap|8209 280D FE76}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 0719}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 05B7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 0458}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 0302}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 01B4}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 0A5E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 08FE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 079C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 0642}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 04F1}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 0DA0}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 0C44}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 0AE2}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 0984}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 082F}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 29}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 10DF}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 0F88}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 0E28}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 0CC7}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 0B6D}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 27}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 141D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 12CA}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 116E}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 100C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 0EAE}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 26}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 175B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 160B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 14B4}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 1353}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 11F2}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 26}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 1A9A}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 194C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 17F9}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 169C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 153A}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 24}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 1DDA}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 1C8C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 1B3D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 19E5}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 1885}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 24}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 211C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 1FCD}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 1E7F}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 1D2C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 1BCF}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|2012}} || {{nowrap|2031}} || {{nowrap|2050}} || {{nowrap|2069}} || {{nowrap|2088}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 23}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 2460}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 230E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 21C0}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 2070}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 1F19}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 21}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 27A6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 2650}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 2500}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 23B2}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 225F}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 22}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 2AED}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 2992}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 2840}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 26F2}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 25A2}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 21}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 2E35}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 2CD6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 2B80}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 2A31}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 28E3}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 20}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 317D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 301B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 2EC0}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 2D6E}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 2C21}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffff00;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 19}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 34C3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 3361}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 3202}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 30AC}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 2F5E}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 18}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 3807}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 36A7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 3545}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 33EB}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 329A}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 16}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 3B48}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 39ED}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 388A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 372C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 35D7}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 15}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 3E89}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 3D31}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 3BD1}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 3A70}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 3916}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 14}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 41C8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 4076}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 3F1A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 3DB8}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 3C59}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 13}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 4508}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 43B9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 4262}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 4102}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 3FA0}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 13}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 4849}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 46FB}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 45A8}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 444C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 42EA}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|2013}} || {{nowrap|2032}} || {{nowrap|2051}} || {{nowrap|2070}} || {{nowrap|2089}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 11}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 4B8A}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 4A3C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 48ED}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 4795}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 4635}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Feb 10}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 4ECC}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 4D7D}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 4C2F}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 4ADC}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 4980}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 11}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 520F}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 50BD}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 4F6F}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 4E1F}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 4CC8}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 10}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 5553}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 53FD}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 52AE}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 5160}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 500D}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 5899}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 573E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 55EC}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 549E}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 534F}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 5BDF}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 5A80}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 592A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 57DB}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 568D}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 5F26}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 5DC4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 5C69}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 5B17}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 59C9}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 6}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 626B}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 6109}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 5FAA}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 5E54}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 5D06}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 65AF}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 6450}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 62EE}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 6194}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 6043}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 4}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 68F3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 6797}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 6635}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 64D7}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 6382}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 6C35}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 6ADF}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 697F}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 681D}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 66C4}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 2}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 6F77}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 6E25}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 6CC9}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 6B67}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 6A08}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;&quot;
|| || {{nowrap|2014}} || {{nowrap|2033}} || {{nowrap|2052}} || {{nowrap|2071}} || {{nowrap|2090}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 72B8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 7169}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 7012}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 6EB2}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 6D50}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jan 30}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 75F9}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 74AB}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 7358}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 71FD}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 709B}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 7939}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 77EB}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 769C}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 7545}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 73E5}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Mar 30}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 7C7A}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 7B2A}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 79DD}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 788A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 772F}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Apr 29}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 7FBB}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 7E69}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 7D1B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 7BCC}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 7A75}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|May 28}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 82FE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 81A8}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 8058}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 7F0A}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 7DB8}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jun 26}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 8642}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 84E7}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 8395}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 8247}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 80F7}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Jul 26}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 8988}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 8828}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 86D2}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 8583}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 8435}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Aug 24}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 8CCE}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 8B6C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 8A11}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 88C0}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 8772}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Sep 22}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 9015}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 8EB3}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 8D54}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 8BFF}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 8AB0}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Oct 22}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 935C}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 91FC}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 909B}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 8F40}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 8DEF}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffffff;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Nov 21}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 96A1}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 9546}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 93E4}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 9285}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 912F}}
|- style=&quot;font-size:small:small;background-color:#ffaaaa;”
| style=&quot;font-weight: bold; background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; | {{nowrap|Dec 21}} || {{nowrap|8209 2802 99E5}} || {{nowrap|8209 2805 988E}} || {{nowrap|8209 2808 972F}} || {{nowrap|8209 280B 95CD}} || {{nowrap|8209 280E 9473}}

|}</text>
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    <title>User talk:Atcovi/OGM &amp; Suicide/The Paper</title>
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      <text bytes="2834" sha1="sk9b5ld3jakosemll5i25jtkndkg94a" xml:space="preserve">== Plan (5/16/2026) [poster --&gt; paper] ==

Needs to academically mature. Things to work on:
* Placement of OGM within IMV needs sharper justification.
* Needs to synthesize studies into broader conclusions rather than just summarizing studies.
* OGM being primarily a problem in high-risk population needs to be the central theme.
* Conceptual boundaries need tightenining. OGM is either associated with suicidal ideation (A) or helps explain escalation within the suicidal process (B)?
* Language needs to go from exploratory to academically appropriate.
* IMV integration needs to be backbone, not something that is merely hinted at.
* Visual model would elevate the game.
* Potential questions:
**why OGM specifically?
**why not just depression severity?
**what makes OGM unique from general cognitive dysfunction?
**is this causal or correlational?
**why IMV over other models?
—[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 01:55, 17 May 2026 (UTC)
===Add 5-10 more papers?===
Specifically about...

* IMV-related cognition papers
* autobiographical memory mechanism papers
* hopelessness/entrapment pathway papers
* papers challenging OGM specificity
—[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 01:58, 17 May 2026 (UTC)
===Journal Ideas?===
*American Association of Suicidology — Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior (SLTB)
*Frontiers in Psychiatry / Frontiers in Psychology
*BMC — BMC Psychiatry
*Frontiers Media — Frontiers
*Journal of Affective Disorders Reports
—[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 02:00, 17 May 2026 (UTC)
== Timeline? ==
===May-June 2026===
Goal:

Finish transforming this from: “conceptual thinking space” → “structured manuscript”

Main work:
* tighten IMV integration
* sharpen thesis
* clarify why OGM matters uniquely
* improve synthesis
* selectively add a few high-value papers
* create conceptual model/figure
===July 2026===
Goal:

Produce first “journal-style” manuscript draft.

Meaning:

* polished transitions
* formal scholarly tone
* references cleaned
* argument flows cleanly
* contradictions integrated smoothly
* conceptual boundaries clarified

At this point:
👉 the paper should begin to feel publishable.
===August 2026===
External feedback + revision.

This is important.

Ideally:

* PI
* grad student
* professor
* researcher

Even one competent reader helps massively.

This phase is usually where:

* weak logic gets exposed
* overclaims get corrected
* structure improves dramatically
===September-October 2026===
Goal:

Journal targeting + submission.

Realistically:

* pick 1–3 appropriate journals
* tailor formatting
* finalize abstract/title
* submit

👉 This is VERY realistic.</text>
      <sha1>sk9b5ld3jakosemll5i25jtkndkg94a</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2809932</id>
      <parentid>2809930</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-17T15:39:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Atcovi</username>
        <id>276019</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Journal Ideas? */ WJS</comment>
      <origin>2809932</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="2863" sha1="83wd59monifqy96z0g2hebaw4btxm66" xml:space="preserve">== Plan (5/16/2026) [poster --&gt; paper] ==

Needs to academically mature. Things to work on:
* Placement of OGM within IMV needs sharper justification.
* Needs to synthesize studies into broader conclusions rather than just summarizing studies.
* OGM being primarily a problem in high-risk population needs to be the central theme.
* Conceptual boundaries need tightenining. OGM is either associated with suicidal ideation (A) or helps explain escalation within the suicidal process (B)?
* Language needs to go from exploratory to academically appropriate.
* IMV integration needs to be backbone, not something that is merely hinted at.
* Visual model would elevate the game.
* Potential questions:
**why OGM specifically?
**why not just depression severity?
**what makes OGM unique from general cognitive dysfunction?
**is this causal or correlational?
**why IMV over other models?
—[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 01:55, 17 May 2026 (UTC)
===Add 5-10 more papers?===
Specifically about...

* IMV-related cognition papers
* autobiographical memory mechanism papers
* hopelessness/entrapment pathway papers
* papers challenging OGM specificity
—[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 01:58, 17 May 2026 (UTC)
===Journal Ideas?===
*American Association of Suicidology — Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior (SLTB)
*Frontiers in Psychiatry / Frontiers in Psychology
*BMC — BMC Psychiatry
*Frontiers Media — Frontiers
*Journal of Affective Disorders Reports
*[[WikiJournal of Science]]
—[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 02:00, 17 May 2026 (UTC)

== Timeline? ==
===May-June 2026===
Goal:

Finish transforming this from: “conceptual thinking space” → “structured manuscript”

Main work:
* tighten IMV integration
* sharpen thesis
* clarify why OGM matters uniquely
* improve synthesis
* selectively add a few high-value papers
* create conceptual model/figure
===July 2026===
Goal:

Produce first “journal-style” manuscript draft.

Meaning:

* polished transitions
* formal scholarly tone
* references cleaned
* argument flows cleanly
* contradictions integrated smoothly
* conceptual boundaries clarified

At this point:
👉 the paper should begin to feel publishable.
===August 2026===
External feedback + revision.

This is important.

Ideally:

* PI
* grad student
* professor
* researcher

Even one competent reader helps massively.

This phase is usually where:

* weak logic gets exposed
* overclaims get corrected
* structure improves dramatically
===September-October 2026===
Goal:

Journal targeting + submission.

Realistically:

* pick 1–3 appropriate journals
* tailor formatting
* finalize abstract/title
* submit

👉 This is VERY realistic.</text>
      <sha1>83wd59monifqy96z0g2hebaw4btxm66</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Athena problem</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>329548</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2810037</id>
      <parentid>2809769</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T04:19:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>雅典娜241</username>
        <id>3071373</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Results */</comment>
      <origin>2810037</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="45597" sha1="e653zwwqasgc1oftk66kmjcjkqh4ohz" xml:space="preserve">'''Athena problem''' is an [[:w:List of unsolved problems in mathematics|unsolved problem]] in [[:w:Number theory|number theory]] and [[:w:Formal language theory|formal language theory]] and [[:w:Order theory|order theory]], this problem is named after the ancient Greek goddess [[:w:Athena|Athena]] (which is associated with [[:w:Wisdom|wisdom]]). Athena problem is: Give a [[:w:Natural number|natural number]] ''b'' &gt; 1, find the [[:w:Set (mathematics)|set]] of the [[:w:Minimal element|minimal element]]s of the set of the &quot;[[:w:Prime number|prime number]] [[:w:Greater than|&gt;]] ''b''&quot; [[:w:Numerical digit|digit]] [[:w:String (computer science)|string]]s in the [[:w:Positional numeral system|positional numeral system]] with [[:w:Radix|base]] ''b'' for the [[:w:Subsequence|subsequence]] [[:w:Partially ordered set|ordering]]. (A string ''x'' is a subsequence of another string ''y'', if ''x'' can be obtained from ''y'' by deleting zero or more of the [[:w:Character (computing)|character]]s in ''y''. For example, 514 is a subsequence of 352148, &quot;string&quot; is a subsequence of &quot;meistersinger&quot;. In contrast, 758 is not a subsequence of 378259, &quot;abc&quot; is not a subsequence of &quot;cbacacba&quot;, since the characters must be in the same order) (Unlike [[:w:Substring|substring]], subsequence is not required to occupy consecutive positions within the original sequences, e.g. the [[:w:Longest common subsequence|longest common subsequence problem]] is different from the [[:w:Longest common substring|longest common substring problem]])

Using [[:w:Formal language theory|formal language theory]] terminology, Athena problem is finding the [[:w:Set (mathematics)|set]] of the [[:w:Minimal element|minimal element]]s of the [[:w:Formal language|language]] of base-''b'' [[:w:Representation (mathematics)|representation]]s of the [[:w:Prime number|prime number]]s [[:w:Greater than|&gt;]] ''b'' (which is a set of [[:w:String (computer science)|string]]s of [[:w:Symbol|symbol]]s over the [[:w:Alphabet (formal languages)|alphabet]] ''Σ''&lt;sub&gt;''b''&lt;/sub&gt; := {0, 1, ..., ''b''−1}), under the subsequence ordering (i.e. the [[:w:Binary relation|binary relation]] &quot;is a subsequence of&quot;, which is a [[:w:Partially ordered set|partial ordering]]), for a given natural number ''b'' &gt; 1. (You can draw this ordering as [[:w:Hasse diagram|Hasse diagram]] to find all [[:w:Minimal element|minimal element]]s)

By [[:w:Higman's lemma|Higman's lemma]], there are no [[:w:Infinite set|infinite]] [[:w:Antichain|antichain]]s for the subsequence ordering (i.e. the subsequence ordering is always a [[:w:Well-quasi-ordering|well quasi order]]) (i.e. under the subsequence ordering (i.e. the [[:w:Binary relation|binary relation]] &quot;is a subsequence of&quot;, which is a [[:w:Partially ordered set|partial ordering]]), every set of pairwise incomparable (i.e. not [[:w:Comparability|comparable]]) strings is finite), thus there must be only finitely many such minimal elements. In other words, the set of such minimal elements must be a [[:w:Finite set|finite set]], e.g. in [[:w:Decimal|decimal]] (base ''b'' = 10), this set has exactly 77 [[:w:Element of a set|element]]s: {11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, 97, 227, 251, 257, 277, 281, 349, 409, 449, 499, 521, 557, 577, 587, 727, 757, 787, 821, 827, 857, 877, 881, 887, 991, 2087, 2221, 5051, 5081, 5501, 5581, 5801, 5851, 6469, 6949, 8501, 9001, 9049, 9221, 9551, 9649, 9851, 9949, 20021, 20201, 50207, 60649, 80051, 666649, 946669, 5200007, 22000001, 60000049, 66000049, 66600049, 80555551, 555555555551, 5000000000000000000000000000027}.

For bases 2 ≤ ''b'' ≤ 36, Athena problem is fully solved in bases ''b'' = 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 18, 20, 24, and also solved in bases ''b'' = 11, 13, 16, 22, 30 if [[:w:Probable prime|probable prime]]s are allowed. For the unsolved bases ''b'' = 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 31, 32, 34, 35, 36, Athena problem is solved (if probable primes are allowed) except 771 [[:w:Indexed family|families]] of the form ''x''{''y''}''z'' (where ''x'' and ''z'' are strings (may be [[:w:Empty string|empty]]) of digits in base ''b'', ''y'' is a digit in base ''b'') = sequence {''xz'', ''xyz'', ''xyyz'', ''xyyyz'', ''xyyyyz'', ''xyyyyyz'', ...} (i.e. &quot;''xy''&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;''z''&quot; in [[:w:Regular expression|regular expression]]), all of these 771 families contain no primes &gt; ''b'' or probable primes &gt; ''b'' with length ≤ 100000.

== Results ==

These are the results of the Athena problem in bases 2 ≤ ''b'' ≤ 36 (we stop at base 36 since this base is the maximum base for which it is possible to write the numbers with the [[:w:Symbol|symbol]]s 0, 1, 2, ..., 9 and A, B, C, ..., Z (i.e. the 10 [[:w:Arabic numerals|Arabic numerals]] and the 26 [[:w:Latin script|Latin letters]]): (some large primes are only probable primes, i.e. not definitely primes, since they are too large to be [[:w:Elliptic curve primality|ECPP proved]] and [[:w:Pocklington primality test#Extensions and variants|neither ''N''−1 nor ''N''+1 can be ≥ 1/3 factored]], all of them pass the [[:w:Baillie–PSW primality test|Baillie–PSW primality test]] and the [[:w:Strong pseudoprime|strong primality test]] (i.e. the [[:w:Miller–Rabin primality test|Miller–Rabin primality test]]) with all prime bases ''p'' ≤ 61, however, all primes &lt; 10&lt;sup&gt;25000&lt;/sup&gt; for bases ''b'' = 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 36 are definitely primes, most of them &gt; 10&lt;sup&gt;299&lt;/sup&gt; are proven primes with [[:w:Elliptic curve primality|ECPP proving]], others &gt; 10&lt;sup&gt;299&lt;/sup&gt; are proven primes with [[:w:Pocklington primality test#Extensions and variants|''N''−1 or ''N''+1 proving]])

To solve the Athena problem for a given base ''b'', we must [[:w:Computing|compute]] the element up to families of the form ''x''{''y''}''z'' (where ''x'' and ''z'' are strings (may be empty) of digits in base ''b'', ''y'' is a digit in base ''b'') (we call such families ''linear families''), and find the smallest prime &gt; ''b'' in all such families.

Shrinking the family ''x''{''Y''}''z'' (where ''x'' and ''z'' are strings (may be empty) of digits in base ''b'', ''Y'' is a set of digits in base ''b'')

* If ''y'' ∈ ''Y'' and the string ''xyyz'' represents a prime &gt; ''b'' in base ''b'' (in this case, add this prime to the list) or has a subsequence which represents a prime &gt; ''b'' in base ''b'', then ''x''{''Y''}''z'' can be replaced with ''x''{''Y'' \ ''y''}''z'' ∪ ''x''{''Y'' \ ''y''}''y''{''Y'' \ ''y''}''z''.
* If ''y''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; ∈ ''Y'' and ''y''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; ∈ ''Y'' and ''y''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; ≠ ''y''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and the string ''xy''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;''y''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;''z'' represents a prime &gt; ''b'' in base ''b'' (in this case, add this prime to the list) or has a subsequence which represents a prime &gt; ''b'' in base ''b'', then ''x''{''Y''}''z'' can be replaced with ''x''{''Y'' \ ''y''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;}{''Y'' \ ''y''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;}''z''.
* If ''y''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; ∈ ''Y'' and ''y''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; ∈ ''Y'' and ''y''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; ≠ ''y''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and both the strings ''xy''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;''y''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;''z'' and ''xy''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;''y''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;''z'' represent a prime &gt; ''b'' in base ''b'' (in this case, add this prime to the list) or have a subsequence which represents a prime &gt; ''b'' in base ''b'', then ''x''{''Y''}''z'' can be replaced with ''x''{''Y'' \ ''y''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;}''z'' ∪ ''x''{''Y'' \ ''y''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;}''z''.

e.g. in decimal (base ''b'' = 10):

* 2221 is a prime &gt; 10, thus the family 2{0,2}1 splits into the two families 2{0}1 and 2{0}2{0}1.
* 227 is a prime &gt; 10, and it is a subsequence of 5227, thus the family 5{0,2}7 splits into the two families 5{0}7 and 5{0}2{0}7.
* 449 is a prime &gt; 10, and it is a subsequence of 6449, thus the family 6{0,3,4,6,9}9 splits into the two families 6{0,3,6,9}9 and 6{0,3,6,9}4{0,3,6,9}9.
* Both 5051 and 5501 are primes &gt; 10, thus the family 5{0,5}1 splits into the two families 5{0}1 and 5{5}1 = {5}1.
* 8501 is a prime &gt; 10, thus the family 8{0,5}1 splits into the family 8{0}{5}1.
* 887 is a prime &gt; 10, and it is a subsequence of 2887, also 2087 is a prime &gt; 10, thus the family 2{0,8}7 splits into the two families 2{0}7 and 28{0}7.
* 349 and 449 are primes &gt; 10, and they are subsequences of 9349 and 9449, respectively, also 9049, 9649, 9949 are primes &gt; 10, thus the family 9{0,3,4,6,9}9 splits into the two families 9{0,3,6,9}9 and 94{0,3,6,9}9.
* 251, 281, 521, 821, 881 are primes &gt; 10, and they are subsequences of 9251, 9281, 9521, 9821, 9881, respectively, also 9001, 9221, 9551, 9851 are primes &gt; 10, thus the family 9{0,2,5,8}1 splits into the numbers {91, 901, 921, 951, 981, 9021, 9051, 9081, 9201, 9501, 9581, 9801, 90581, 95081, 95801}.

If the methods we have discussed cannot be used to rule out or shrink ''x''{''Y''}''z'' where ''Y'' = {''y''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;, ''y''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, ..., ''y''&lt;sub&gt;''n''&lt;/sub&gt;}, then we can replace ''x''{''Y''}''z'' by ''xy''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;{''Y''}''z'' ∪ ''xy''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;{''Y''}''z'' ∪ ... ∪ ''xy''&lt;sub&gt;''n''&lt;/sub&gt;{''Y''}''z'' and re-run the methods on this new [[:w:Formal language|language]].

If all remain families are linear families (i.e. of the form ''x''{''y''}''z'', where ''x'' and ''z'' are strings (may be empty) of digits in base ''b'', ''y'' is a digit in base ''b''), then we search the smallest (probable) primes in these families and add these primes to the list.

e.g. in decimal (base ''b'' = 10):

* The smallest prime in the family 5{0}27 is 5000000000000000000000000000027.
* The smallest prime in the family {5}1 is 555555555551.
* The smallest prime in the family 8{5}1 is 8555555555555555555551, but 8555555555555555555551 is not a minimal element since 555555555551 is a subsequence of 8555555555555555555551.

There is no guarantee that the techniques discussed will ever terminate, but in practice they often do. They are able to determine the set of the minimal elements in base ''b'' for 2 ≤ ''b'' ≤ 16 and ''b'' = 18, 20, 22, 24, 30. The bases ''b'' = 17, 19, 21, 23, 25 ≤ ''b'' ≤ 29, 31 ≤ ''b'' ≤ 36 are solved with the exception of 771 families of the form ''x''{''y''}''z'' (where ''x'' and ''z'' are strings (may be empty) of digits in base ''b'', ''y'' is a digit in base ''b'').

The following is a &quot;[[:w:Semi-algorithm|semi-algorithm]]&quot; that is guaranteed to solve the Athena problem for a given base ''b'', but it is not so easy to implement:

# ''M'' = ''[[:w:Empty string|∅]]''
# while (''L'' ≠ ''∅'') do
# choose ''x'', a shortest string in ''L''
# ''M'' := ''M'' ∪ {''x''}
# ''L'' := ''L'' − ''sup''({''x''})

In practice, for arbitrary ''L'', we cannot feasibly carry out step 5. Instead, we work with ''L''&amp;#39;, some regular overapproximation to ''L'', until we can show ''L''&amp;#39; = ''∅'' (which implies ''L'' = ''∅''). In practice, ''L''&amp;#39; is usually chosen to be a finite [[:w:Union (set theory)|union]] of sets of the form ''L''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;{''L''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;}''L''&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;, where each of ''L''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;, ''L''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, ''L''&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; is finite. In the case we consider in this project, we then have to determine whether such a family contains a prime or not.

Thus, Athena problem in bases ''b'' around 500 may be [[:w:NP-complete|NP-complete]] or [[:w:NP-hard|NP-hard]], or an [[:w:Undecidable problem|undecidable problem]], or an example of [[:w:Gödel's incompleteness theorems|Gödel's incompleteness theorems]] (like the [[:w:Continuum hypothesis|continuum hypothesis]] and the [[:w:Halting problem|halting problem]]).

To solve the Athena problem, we need to determine whether a given family contains a prime. In practice, if family ''x''{''Y''}''z'' (where ''x'' and ''z'' are strings (may be empty) of digits in base ''b'', ''Y'' is a set of digits in base ''b'') could not be ruled out as only containing composites and ''Y'' contains two or more digits, then a relatively small prime &gt; ''b'' could always be found in this family. Intuitively, this is because there are a large number of small strings in such a family, and at least one is likely to be prime (e.g. there are 2&lt;sup&gt;''n''−2&lt;/sup&gt; strings of length ''n'' in the family 1{3,7}9, and there are over a thousand strings of length 12 in the family 1{3,7}9, thus it is very impossible that these numbers are all composite). In the case ''Y'' contains only one digit, this family is of the form ''x''{''y''}''z'', and there is only a single string of each length &gt; (the length of ''x'' + the length of ''z''), and it is not known if the following [[:w:Decision problem|decision problem]] is recursively solvable (just like [[:w:Sierpiński number|Sierpiński problem]] and [[:w:Riesel number|Riesel problem]], Sierpiński problem and Riesel problem can be generalized to other bases ''b'', in fact, Athena problem in base ''b'' covers the Sierpiński problem in base ''b'' and the Riesel problem in base ''b'' with ''k'' &lt; ''b'', i.e. finding the smallest prime of the form ''k''×''b''&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;+1 and ''k''×''b''&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;−1 (or prove such prime does not exist) with ''k'' &lt; ''b'', since the smallest prime of the form ''k''×''b''&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;+1 and ''k''×''b''&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;−1 (if exists) must be a minimal element in base ''b''):

Problem: Given strings ''x'', ''z'' (may be empty), a digit ''y'', and a base ''b'' (''x'' does not [[:w:Leading zero|start with the digit 0]], ''z'' ends with a digit which [[:w:Coprime integers|coprime]] to ''b'', ''y'' is not 0 if ''x'' is empty, ''y'' is coprime to ''b'' if ''z'' is empty), does there exist a prime number whose base-''b'' expansion is of the form ''xy''&lt;sub&gt;''n''&lt;/sub&gt;''z'' for some ''n'' ≥ 0?

Some families can be ruled out to contain no prime &gt; ''b'' by [[:w:Covering set|covering congruence]], [[:w:Factorization of polynomials|algebraic factorization]] (e.g. [[:w:Difference of two squares|difference of two squares]], [[:w:Sum of two cubes|sum of two cubes]], [[:w:Sophie Germain's identity|Sophie Germain's identity of ''x''&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;+4×''y''&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;]]), or combine of them, e.g.

* The base 9 family 2{7}: Always divisible by 2 or 5
* The base 16 family {8}F: Always divisible by 3, 7, or 13
* The base 21 family {7}D: Always divisible by 2, 13, or 17
* The base 23 family {D}GA: Always divisible by 2, 5, 7, 37, or 79
* The base 9 family 3{8}: Can be written as 4×9&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;−1 and can be factored as (2×3&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;−1) × (2×3&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;+1)
* The base 8 family 1{0}1: Can be written as 8&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;+1 and can be factored as (2&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;+1) × (4&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;−2&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;+1)
* The base 16 family {4}1: Can be written as (4×16&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;−49)/15 and can be factored as (2×3&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;−7) × (2×3&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;+7) / 15
* The base 16 family {C}D: Can be written as (4×16&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;+1)/5 and can be factored as (2×4&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;−2×2&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;+1) × (2×4&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;+2×2&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;+1) / 5
* The base 14 family 8{D}: Can be written as 9×14&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;−1, it is divisible by 5 if ''n'' is odd and can be factored as (3×14&lt;sup&gt;''n''/2&lt;/sup&gt;−1) × (3×14&lt;sup&gt;''n''/2&lt;/sup&gt;+1) if ''n'' is even
* The base 12 family {B}9B: Can be written as 12&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;−25, it is divisible by 13 if ''n'' is odd and can be factored as (12&lt;sup&gt;''n''/2&lt;/sup&gt;−5) × (12&lt;sup&gt;''n''/2&lt;/sup&gt;+5) if ''n'' is even
* The base 17 family 1{9}: Can be written as (25×17&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;−9)/16, it is divisible by 2 if ''n'' is odd and can be factored as (5×17&lt;sup&gt;''n''/2&lt;/sup&gt;−3) × (5×17&lt;sup&gt;''n''/2&lt;/sup&gt;+3) / 16 if ''n'' is even
* The base 19 family 1{6}: Can be written as (4×19&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;−1)/3, it is divisible by 5 if ''n'' is odd and can be factored as (2×19&lt;sup&gt;''n''/2&lt;/sup&gt;−1) × (2×19&lt;sup&gt;''n''/2&lt;/sup&gt;+1) / 3 if ''n'' is even

By the [[:w:Prime number theorem|prime number theorem]], the [[:w:Probability|chance]] that a [[:w:Random number|random]] ''n''-digit base ''b'' number is prime is [[:w:Asymptotic analysis|approximately]] 1/''n'' (more accurately, the chance is approximately 1/(''n''×''ln''(''b'')), where ''ln'' is the [[:w:Natural logarithm|natural logarithm]]). If one conjectures the numbers ''x''{''y''}''z'' behave similarly (i.e. the numbers ''x''{''y''}''z'' is a [[:w:Pseudorandomness|pseudorandom sequence]]) you would expect [[:w:Harmonic_series (mathematics)|1/1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + 1/4 + ... = ∞]] primes of the form ''x''{''y''}''z'' (of course, this does not always happen, since some ''x''{''y''}''z'' families can be ruled out to contain no prime &gt; ''b'' (by covering congruence, algebraic factorization, or combine of them), but it is at least a reasonable conjecture in the absence of evidence to the contrary. Hence, the [[:w:Heuristic argument|heuristic argument]] suggests there are always infinitely many primes in family ''x''{''y''}''z'' (where ''x'' and ''z'' are strings (may be empty) of digits in base ''b'', ''y'' is a digit in base ''b'') if it cannot be ruled out to contain no prime or only contain finitely many primes, by covering congruence, algebraic factorization, or combine of them. However, some families ''x''{''y''}''z'' could not be proven to contain no primes &gt; ''b'' (by covering congruence, algebraic factorization, or combine of them) but no primes &gt; ''b'' could be found in the family, even after searching through numbers with over 100000 digits. In such a case, the only way to proceed is to [[:w:Primality test|test the primality]] of larger and larger numbers of such form and hope a prime is eventually discovered. e.g. the smallest (probable) prime in the family A{3}A in base ''b'' = 13 is A3&lt;sub&gt;592197&lt;/sub&gt;A, which written in decimal contains 659677 digits (it is only probable prime, i.e. not definitely prime).

== Data ==

All numbers are written in base ''b'', [[:w:Senary#Base 36 as senary compression|using A to Z to represent digit values 10 to 35]], &quot;{}&quot; means repeating, e.g. family 12{3}45 means the sequence {1245, 12345, 123345, 1233345, 12333345, 123333345, ...} (where the members are expressed as base ''b'' strings), subscripts are used to indicate repetitions of digits, e.g. 123&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;567 means 123333567 (all subscripts are written in decimal).

Base 2: 1 prime (the largest of which has 2 digits): {11}

Base 3: 3 primes (the largest of which has 3 digits): {12, 21, 111}

Base 4: 5 primes (the largest of which has 3 digits): {11, 13, 23, 31, 221}

Base 5: 22 primes (the largest of which has 96 digits): {12, 21, 23, 32, 34, 43, 104, 111, 131, 133, 313, 401, 414, 3101, 10103, 14444, 30301, 33001, 33331, 44441, 300031, 100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000013}

Base 6: 11 primes (the largest of which has 5 digits): {11, 15, 21, 25, 31, 35, 45, 51, 4401, 4441, 40041}

Base 7: 71 primes (the largest of which has 17 digits): {14, 16, 23, 25, 32, 41, 43, 52, 56, 61, 65, 113, 115, 131, 133, 155, 212, 221, 304, 313, 335, 344, 346, 364, 445, 515, 533, 535, 544, 551, 553, 1022, 1051, 1112, 1202, 1211, 1222, 2111, 3031, 3055, 3334, 3503, 3505, 3545, 4504, 4555, 5011, 5455, 5545, 5554, 6034, 6634, 11111, 11201, 30011, 30101, 31001, 31111, 33001, 33311, 35555, 40054, 100121, 150001, 300053, 351101, 531101, 1100021, 33333301, 5100000001, 33333333333333331}

Base 8: 75 primes (the largest of which has 221 digits): {13, 15, 21, 23, 27, 35, 37, 45, 51, 53, 57, 65, 73, 75, 107, 111, 117, 141, 147, 161, 177, 225, 255, 301, 343, 361, 401, 407, 417, 431, 433, 463, 467, 471, 631, 643, 661, 667, 701, 711, 717, 747, 767, 3331, 3411, 4043, 4443, 4611, 5205, 6007, 6101, 6441, 6477, 6707, 6777, 7461, 7641, 47777, 60171, 60411, 60741, 444641, 500025, 505525, 3344441, 4444477, 5500525, 5550525, 55555025, 444444441, 744444441, 77774444441, 7777777777771, 555555555555525, 44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444447}

Base 9: 151 primes (the largest of which has 1161 digits): {12, 14, 18, 21, 25, 32, 34, 41, 45, 47, 52, 58, 65, 67, 74, 78, 81, 87, 117, 131, 135, 151, 155, 175, 177, 238, 272, 308, 315, 331, 337, 355, 371, 375, 377, 438, 504, 515, 517, 531, 537, 557, 564, 601, 638, 661, 702, 711, 722, 735, 737, 751, 755, 757, 771, 805, 838, 1011, 1015, 1101, 1701, 2027, 2207, 3017, 3057, 3101, 3501, 3561, 3611, 3688, 3868, 5035, 5051, 5071, 5101, 5501, 5554, 5705, 5707, 7017, 7075, 7105, 7301, 8535, 8544, 8555, 8854, 20777, 22227, 22777, 30161, 33388, 50161, 50611, 53335, 55111, 55535, 55551, 57061, 57775, 70631, 71007, 77207, 100037, 100071, 100761, 105007, 270707, 301111, 305111, 333035, 333385, 333835, 338885, 350007, 500075, 530005, 555611, 631111, 720707, 2770007, 3030335, 7776662, 30300005, 30333335, 38333335, 51116111, 70000361, 300030005, 300033305, 351111111, 1300000007, 5161111111, 8333333335, 300000000035, 311111111161, 544444444444, 2000000000007, 5700000000001, 7270000000007, 88888888833335, 100000000000507, 5111111111111161, 7277777777777777707, 8888888888888888888335, 30000000000000000000051, 1000000000000000000000000057, 56111111111111111111111111111111111111, 7666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666662, 27777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777707, 300000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011}

Base 10: 77 primes (the largest of which has 31 digits): {11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, 97, 227, 251, 257, 277, 281, 349, 409, 449, 499, 521, 557, 577, 587, 727, 757, 787, 821, 827, 857, 877, 881, 887, 991, 2087, 2221, 5051, 5081, 5501, 5581, 5801, 5851, 6469, 6949, 8501, 9001, 9049, 9221, 9551, 9649, 9851, 9949, 20021, 20201, 50207, 60649, 80051, 666649, 946669, 5200007, 22000001, 60000049, 66000049, 66600049, 80555551, 555555555551, 5000000000000000000000000000027}

Base 11: 1068 primes (including 1 unproven probable prime: 57&lt;sub&gt;62668&lt;/sub&gt;), the largest of which has 62669 digits, see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel11 Data of Athena problem base 11]

Base 12: 106 primes (the largest of which has 42 digits): {11, 15, 17, 1B, 25, 27, 31, 35, 37, 3B, 45, 4B, 51, 57, 5B, 61, 67, 6B, 75, 81, 85, 87, 8B, 91, 95, A7, AB, B5, B7, 221, 241, 2A1, 2B1, 2BB, 401, 421, 447, 471, 497, 565, 655, 665, 701, 70B, 721, 747, 771, 77B, 797, 7A1, 7BB, 907, 90B, 9BB, A41, B21, B2B, 2001, 200B, 202B, 222B, 229B, 292B, 299B, 4441, 4707, 4777, 6A05, 6AA5, 729B, 7441, 7B41, 929B, 9777, 992B, 9947, 997B, 9997, A0A1, A201, A605, A6A5, AA65, B001, B0B1, BB01, BB41, 600A5, 7999B, 9999B, AAAA1, B04A1, B0B9B, BAA01, BAAA1, BB09B, BBBB1, 44AAA1, A00065, BBBAA1, AAA0001, B00099B, AA000001, BBBBBB99B, B0000000000000000000000000009B, 400000000000000000000000000000000000000077}

Base 13: 3197 primes (including 4 unproven probable primes: C5&lt;sub&gt;23755&lt;/sub&gt;C, 80&lt;sub&gt;32017&lt;/sub&gt;111, 95&lt;sub&gt;197420&lt;/sub&gt;, A3&lt;sub&gt;592197&lt;/sub&gt;A), the largest of which has 592199 digits, see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel13 Data of Athena problem base 13]

Base 14: 650 primes, the largest of which has 19699 digits, see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel14 Data of Athena problem base 14]

Base 15: 1284 primes, the largest of which has 157 digits, see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel15 Data of Athena problem base 15]

Base 16: 2347 primes (including 3 unproven probable primes: DB&lt;sub&gt;32234&lt;/sub&gt;, 4&lt;sub&gt;72785&lt;/sub&gt;DD, 3&lt;sub&gt;116137&lt;/sub&gt;AF), the largest of which has 116139 digits, see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel16 Data of Athena problem base 16]

Base 17: 10415 known primes (including many unproven probable primes) and 12 unsolved families (1{7}, 1F{0}7, 4{7}A, 70F{0}D, 8{B}9, 9{5}9, A{D}F, B{0}B3, {B}E9, {B}EE, F1{9}, FD0{D}, no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 200000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel17 Data of Athena problem base 17] and [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/left17 Data of unsolved families for base 17]

Base 18: 549 primes, the largest of which has 6271 digits, see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel18 Data of Athena problem base 18]

Base 19: 31417 known primes (including many unproven probable primes) and 17 unsolved families (4B5{0}H, {5}3, 5{H}05, 5{H}0H, 5{H}5, 66{B}, 71{0}177, 7AF{0}H, 97{0}3, C{H}C, EE1{6}, F{7}5, F{B}G, F{D}F, H0F{0}7A, HB{0}5B5, II{D}, no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 200000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel19 Data of Athena problem base 19] and [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/left19 Data of unsolved families for base 19]

Base 20: 3314 primes, the largest of which has 6271 digits, see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel20 Data of Athena problem base 20]

Base 21: 13386 known primes (including many unproven probable primes) and 8 unsolved families (5{0}DJ, {9}D, B3{0}EB, B{H}6H, C{F}0K, {F}35, G{0}FK, H{0}7771, no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 200000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel21 Data of Athena problem base 21] and [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/left21 Data of unsolved families for base 21]

Base 22: 8003 primes (including 1 unproven probable prime: BK&lt;sub&gt;22001&lt;/sub&gt;5), the largest of which has 22003 digits, see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel22 Data of Athena problem base 22]

Base 23: 65178 known primes (including many unproven probable primes) and 87 unsolved families (no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 100000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel23 Data of Athena problem base 23] and [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/left23 Data of unsolved families for base 23]

Base 24: 3409 primes, the largest of which has 8134 digits, see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel24 Data of Athena problem base 24]

Base 25: 133639 known primes (including many unproven probable primes) and 85 unsolved families (no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 100000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel25 Data of Athena problem base 25] and [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/left25 Data of unsolved families for base 25]

Base 26: 25256 known primes (including 7 unproven probable primes: 5&lt;sub&gt;19391&lt;/sub&gt;6F, 7&lt;sub&gt;20279&lt;/sub&gt;OL, LD0&lt;sub&gt;20975&lt;/sub&gt;7, 6K&lt;sub&gt;23300&lt;/sub&gt;5, J0&lt;sub&gt;44303&lt;/sub&gt;KCB, M0&lt;sub&gt;61186&lt;/sub&gt;2BB, 85M&lt;sub&gt;197060&lt;/sub&gt;B) and 3 unsolved families ({A}6F, {H}MH, {I}GL, no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 200000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel26 Data of Athena problem base 26]

Base 27: 102852 known primes (including many unproven probable primes) and 44 unsolved families (no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 100000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel27 Data of Athena problem base 27] and [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/left27 Data of unsolved families for base 27]

Base 28: 25528 known primes (including 3 unproven probable primes: N6&lt;sub&gt;24051&lt;/sub&gt;LR, 5OA&lt;sub&gt;31238&lt;/sub&gt;F, O4O&lt;sub&gt;94535&lt;/sub&gt;9) and 1 unsolved family (O{A}F, no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 709070, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel28 Data of Athena problem base 28]

Base 29: 355242 known primes (including many unproven probable primes) and 125 unsolved families (no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 100000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel29 Data of Athena problem base 29] and [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/left29 Data of unsolved families for base 29]

Base 30: 2619 primes (including 1 unproven probable prime: I0&lt;sub&gt;24608&lt;/sub&gt;D), the largest of which has 34206 digits, see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel30 Data of Athena problem base 30]

Base 31: 569323 known primes (including many unproven probable primes) and 77 unsolved families (no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 100000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel31 Data of Athena problem base 31] and [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/left31 Data of unsolved families for base 31]

Base 32: 168882 known primes (including many unproven probable primes) and 120 unsolved families (no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 100000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel32 Data of Athena problem base 32] and [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/left32 Data of unsolved families for base 32]

Base 33: 280012 known primes (including many unproven probable primes) and 81 unsolved families (no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 100000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel33 Data of Athena problem base 33] and [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/left33 Data of unsolved families for base 33]

Base 34: 184785 known primes (including many unproven probable primes) and 47 unsolved families (no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 100000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel34 Data of Athena problem base 34] and [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/left34 Data of unsolved families for base 34]

Base 35: 720002 known primes (including many unproven probable primes) and 60 unsolved families (no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 100000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel35 Data of Athena problem base 35] and [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/left35 Data of unsolved families for base 35]

Base 36: 35286 known primes (including 3 unproven probable primes: 7K&lt;sub&gt;26567&lt;/sub&gt;Z, S0&lt;sub&gt;75007&lt;/sub&gt;8H, P&lt;sub&gt;81993&lt;/sub&gt;SZ) and 4 unsolved families (B{0}EUV, HM{0}N, N{0}YYN, O{L}Z, no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 200000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel36 Data of Athena problem base 36]

== The fully proof of Athena problem in decimal (base ''b'' = 10) ==

'''Bold''' for the minimal elements, ''x'' ◁ ''y'' means ''x'' is a subsequence of ''y''.

Assume ''p'' is a prime &gt; 10, and the last digit of ''p'' must lie in {1,3,7,9}.

Case 1: ''p'' ends with 1.

In this case we can write ''p'' = ''x''1. If ''x'' contains 1, 3, 4, 6, or 7, then (respectively) '''11''' ◁ ''p'', '''31''' ◁ ''p'', '''41''' ◁ ''p'', '''61''' ◁ ''p'', or '''71''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume all digits of ''x'' are 0, 2, 5, 8, or 9.

Case 1.1: ''p'' begins with 2.

In this case we can write ''p'' = 2''y''1. If 5 ◁ ''y'', then '''251''' ◁ ''p''. If 8 ◁ ''y'', then '''281''' ◁ ''p''. If 9 ◁ ''y'', then 29 ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume all digits of ''y'' are 0 or 2.

If 22 ◁ ''y'', then '''2221''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''y'' contains zero or one 2's.

If ''y'' contains no 2's, then ''p'' ∈ 2{0}1. But then, since the sum of the digits of ''p'' is 3, ''p'' is divisible by 3, so ''p'' cannot be prime.

If ''y'' contains exactly one 2, then we can write ''p'' = 2''z''2''w''1, where ''z'',''w'' ∈ {0}. If 0 ◁ ''z'' and 0 ◁ ''w'', then '''20201''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume either ''z'' or ''w'' is empty.

If ''z'' is empty, then ''p'' ∈ 22{0}1, and the smallest prime ''p'' ∈ 22{0}1 is '''22000001'''.

If ''w'' is empty, then ''p'' ∈ 2{0}21, and the smallest prime ''p'' ∈ 2{0}21 is '''20021'''.

Case 1.2: ''p'' begins with 5.

In this case we can write ''p'' = 5''y''1. If 2 ◁ ''y'', then '''521''' ◁ ''p''. If 9 ◁ ''y'', then 59 ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume all digits of ''y'' are 0, 5, or 8.

If 05 ◁ ''y'', then '''5051''' ◁ ''p''. If 08 ◁ ''y'', then '''5081''' ◁ ''p''. If 50 ◁ ''y'', then '''5501''' ◁ ''p''. If 58 ◁ ''y'', then '''5581''' ◁ ''p''. If 80 ◁ ''y'', then '''5801''' ◁ ''p''. If 85 ◁ ''y'', then '''5851''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''y'' ∈ {0} ∪ {5} ∪ {8}.

If ''y'' ∈ {0}, then ''p'' ∈ 5{0}1. But then, since the sum of the digits of ''p'' is 6, ''p'' is divisible by 3, so ''p'' cannot be prime.

If ''y'' ∈ {5}, then ''p'' ∈ 5{5}1, and the smallest prime ''p'' ∈ 5{5}1 is '''555555555551'''.

If ''y'' ∈ {8}, since if 88 ◁ ''y'', then 881 ◁ ''p'', hence we may assume ''y'' ∈ {''𝜆'',8}, and thus ''p'' ∈ {51,581}, but 51 and 581 are both composite.

Case 1.3: ''p'' begins with 8.

In this case we can write p = 8''y''1. If 2 ◁ ''y'', then '''821''' ◁ ''p''. If 8 ◁ ''y'', then '''881''' ◁ ''p''. If 9 ◁ ''y'', then 89 ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume all digits of ''y'' are 0 or 5.

If 50 ◁ ''y'', then '''8501''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume y ∈ {0}{5}.

If 005 ◁ ''y'', then '''80051''' ◁ p. Hence we may assume y ∈ {0} ∪ {5} ∪ 0{5}.

If y ∈ {0}, then ''p'' ∈ 8{0}1. But then, since the sum of the digits of ''p'' is 9, ''p'' is divisible by 3, so ''p'' cannot be prime.

If y ∈ {5}, since if 55555555555 ◁ ''y'', then 555555555551 ◁ ''p'', hence we may assume ''y'' ∈ {''𝜆'', 5, 55, 555, 5555, 55555, 555555, 5555555, 55555555, 555555555, 5555555555}, and thus ''p'' ∈ {81, 851, 8551, 85551, 855551, 8555551, 85555551, 855555551, 8555555551, 85555555551, 855555555551}, but all of these numbers are composite.

If y ∈ 0{5}, since if 55555555555 ◁ ''y'', then 555555555551 ◁ ''p'', hence we may assume ''y'' ∈ {0, 05, 055, 0555, 05555, 055555, 0555555, 05555555, 055555555, 0555555555, 05555555555}, and thus ''p'' ∈ {801, 8051, 80551, 805551, 8055551, 80555551, 805555551, 8055555551, 80555555551, 805555555551, 8055555555551}, and of these numbers only 80555551 and 8055555551 are primes, but 80555551 ◁ 8055555551, thus only '''80555551''' is a minimal element.

Case 1.4: ''p'' begins with 9.

In this case we can write p = 9''y''1. If 9 ◁ ''y'', then '''991''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume all digits of ''y'' are 0, 2, 5, or 8.

If 00 ◁ ''y'', then '''9001''' ◁ ''p''. If 22 ◁ ''y'', then '''9221''' ◁ ''p''. If 55 ◁ ''y'', then '''9551''' ◁ ''p''. If 88 ◁ ''y'', then 881 ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''y'' contains at most one 0, at most one 2, at most one 5, and at most one 8.

If ''y'' only contains at most one 0 and does not contain any of {2,5,8}, then ''y'' ∈ {''𝜆'',0}, and thus ''p'' ∈ {91,901}, but 91 and 901 are both composite. If ''y'' only contains at most one 0 and only one of {2,5,8}, then the sum of the digits of ''p'' is divisible by 3, ''p'' is divisible by 3, so ''p'' cannot be prime. Hence we may assume ''y'' contains at least two of {2,5,8}.

If 25 ◁ ''y'', then 251 ◁ ''p''. If 28 ◁ ''y'', then 281 ◁ ''p''. If 52 ◁ ''y'', then 521 ◁ ''p''. If 82 ◁ ''y'', then 821 ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''y'' contains no 2's (since if ''y'' contains 2, then ''y'' cannot contain either 5's or 8's, which is a contradiction).

If 85 ◁ ''y'', then '''9851''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''y'' ∈ {58,580,508,058}, and thus ''p'' ∈ {9581,95801,95081,90581}, and of these numbers only 95801 is prime, but 95801 is not a minimal element since 5801 ◁ 95801.

Case 2: ''p'' ends with 3.

In this case we can write p = ''x''3. If ''x'' contains 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, or 8, then (respectively) '''13''' ◁ ''p'', '''23''' ◁ ''p'', '''43''' ◁ ''p'', '''53''' ◁ ''p'', '''73''' ◁ ''p'', or '''83''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume all digits of ''x'' are 0, 3, 6, or 9, and thus all digits of ''p'' are 0, 3, 6, or 9. But then, since the digits of ''p'' all have a common factor 3, ''p'' is divisible by 3, so ''p'' cannot be prime.

Case 3: ''p'' ends with 7.

In this case we can write ''p'' = ''x''7. If ''x'' contains 1, 3, 4, 6, or 9, then (respectively) '''17''' ◁ ''p'', '''37''' ◁ ''p'', '''47''' ◁ ''p'', '''67''' ◁ ''p'', or '''97''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume all digits of ''x'' are 0, 2, 5, 7, or 8.

Case 3.1: ''p'' begins with 2.

In this case we can write ''p'' = 2''y''7. If 2 ◁ ''y'', then '''227''' ◁ ''p''. If 5 ◁ ''y'', then '''257''' ◁ ''p''. If 7 ◁ ''y'', then '''277''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume all digits of ''y'' are 0 or 8.

If 08 ◁ ''y'', then '''2087''' ◁ ''p''. If 88 ◁ ''y'', then 887 ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''y'' ∈ {0} ∪ 8{0}.

If ''y'' ∈ {0}, then ''p'' ∈ 2{0}7. But then, since the sum of the digits of ''p'' is 9, ''p'' is divisible by 3, so ''p'' cannot be prime.

If y ∈ 8{0}, then ''p'' ∈ 28{0}7. But then ''p'' is divisible by 7, since for ''n'' ≥ 0 we have 7 × 40&lt;sub&gt;''n''&lt;/sub&gt;1 = 280&lt;sub&gt;''n''&lt;/sub&gt;7.

Case 3.2: ''p'' begins with 5.

In this case we can write ''p'' = 5''y''7. If 5 ◁ ''y'', then '''557''' ◁ ''p''. If 7 ◁ ''y'', then '''577''' ◁ ''p''. If 8 ◁ ''y'', then '''587''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume all digits of ''y'' are 0 or 2.

If 22 ◁ ''y'', then 227 ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''y'' contains zero or one 2's.

If ''y'' contains no 2's, then ''p'' ∈ 5{0}7. But then, since the sum of the digits of ''p'' is 12, ''p'' is divisible by 3, so ''p'' cannot be prime.

If ''y'' contains exactly one 2, then we can write ''p'' = 5''z''2''w''7, where ''z'',''w'' ∈ {0}. If 0 ◁ ''z'' and 0 ◁ ''w'', then '''50207''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume either ''z'' or ''w'' is empty.

If ''z'' is empty, then ''p'' ∈ 52{0}7, and the smallest prime ''p'' ∈ 52{0}7 is '''5200007'''.

If ''w'' is empty, then ''p'' ∈ 5{0}27, and the smallest prime ''p'' ∈ 5{0}27 is '''5000000000000000000000000000027'''.

Case 3.3: ''p'' begins with 7.

In this case we can write ''p'' = 7''y''7. If 2 ◁ ''y'', then '''727''' ◁ ''p''. If 5 ◁ ''y'', then '''757''' ◁ ''p''. If 8 ◁ ''y'', then '''787''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume all digits of ''y'' are 0 or 7, and thus all digits of ''p'' are 0 or 7. But then, since the digits of ''p'' all have a common factor 7, ''p'' is divisible by 7, so ''p'' cannot be prime.

Case 3.4: ''p'' begins with 8.

In this case we can write ''p'' = 8''y''7. If 2 ◁ ''y'', then '''827''' ◁ ''p''. If 5 ◁ ''y'', then '''857''' ◁ ''p''. If 7 ◁ ''y'', then '''877''' ◁ ''p''. If 8 ◁ ''y'', then '''887''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''y'' ∈ {0}, and thus ''p'' ∈ 8{0}7. But then, since the sum of the digits of ''p'' is 15, ''p'' is divisible by 3, so ''p'' cannot be prime.

Case 4: ''p'' ends with 9.

In this case we can write ''p'' = ''x''9. If ''x'' contains 1, 2, 5, 7, or 8, then (respectively) '''19''' ◁ ''p'', '''29''' ◁ ''p'', '''59''' ◁ ''p'', '''79''' ◁ ''p'', or '''89''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume all digits of ''x'' are 0, 3, 4, 6, or 9.

If 44 ◁ ''x'', then '''449''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''x'' contains zero or one 4's.

If x contains no 4's, then all digits of ''x'' are 0, 3, 6, or 9, and thus all digits of ''p'' are 0, 3, 6, or 9. But then, since the digits of ''p'' all have a common factor 3, ''p'' is divisible by 3, so ''p'' cannot be prime. Hence we may assume that ''x'' contains exactly one 4.

Case 4.1: ''p'' begins with 3.

In this case we can write ''p'' = 3''y''4''z''9, where all digits of ''y'', ''z'' are 0, 3, 6, or 9. We must have '''349''' ◁ ''p''.

Case 4.2: ''p'' begins with 4.

In this case we can write ''p'' = 4''y''9, where all digits of ''y'' are 0, 3, 6, or 9. If 0 ◁ ''y'', then '''409''' ◁ ''p''. If 3 ◁ ''y'', then 43 ◁ ''p''. If 9 ◁ ''y'', then '''499''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''y'' ∈ {6}, and thus ''p'' ∈ 4{6}9. But then ''p'' is divisible by 7, since for ''n'' ≥ 0 we have 7 × 6&lt;sub&gt;''n''&lt;/sub&gt;7 = 46&lt;sub&gt;''n''&lt;/sub&gt;9.

Case 4.3: ''p'' begins with 6.

In this case we can write p = 6''y''4''z''9, where all digits of ''y'', ''z'' are 0, 3, 6, or 9. If 0 ◁ ''z'', then 409 ◁ ''p''. If 3 ◁ ''z'', then 43 ◁ ''p''. If 6 ◁ ''z'', then '''6469''' ◁ ''p''. If 9 ◁ ''z'', then 499 ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''z'' is empty.

If 3 ◁ ''y'', then 349 ◁ ''p''. If 9 ◁ ''y'', then '''6949''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume all digits of ''y'' are 0 or 6.

If 06 ◁ ''y'', then '''60649''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''y'' ∈ {6}{0}.

If 666 ◁ ''y'', then '''666649''' ◁ ''p''. If 00000 ◁ ''y'', then '''60000049''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''y'' ∈ {''𝜆'', 0, 00, 000, 0000, 6, 60, 600, 6000, 60000, 66, 660, 6600, 66000, 660000}, and thus ''p'' ∈ {649, 6049, 60049, 600049, 6000049, 6649, 66049, 660049, 6600049, 66000049, 66649, 666049, 6660049, 66600049, 666000049}, and of these numbers only '''66000049''' and '''66600049''' are primes.

Case 4.4: ''p'' begins with 9.

In this case we can write p = 9''y''4''z''9, where all digits of ''y'', ''z'' are 0, 3, 6, or 9. If 0 ◁ ''y'', then '''9049''' ◁ ''p''. If 3 ◁ ''y'', then 349 ◁ ''p''. If 6 ◁ ''y'', then '''9649''' ◁ ''p''. If 9 ◁ ''y'', then '''9949''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''y'' is empty.

If 0 ◁ ''z'', then 409 ◁ ''p''. If 3 ◁ ''z'', then 43 ◁ ''p''. If 9 ◁ ''z'', then 499 ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''z'' ∈ {6}, and thus ''p'' ∈ 94{6}9, and the smallest prime ''p'' ∈ 94{6}9 is 946669.

[[Category:Number theory]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>2810038</id>
      <parentid>2810037</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T04:20:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>雅典娜241</username>
        <id>3071373</id>
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      <text bytes="44333" sha1="3wcd2h4314rm8n0vnwmohg06fhemjat" xml:space="preserve">'''Athena problem''' is an [[:w:List of unsolved problems in mathematics|unsolved problem]] in [[:w:Number theory|number theory]] and [[:w:Formal language theory|formal language theory]] and [[:w:Order theory|order theory]], this problem is named after the ancient Greek goddess [[:w:Athena|Athena]] (which is associated with [[:w:Wisdom|wisdom]]). Athena problem is: Give a [[:w:Natural number|natural number]] ''b'' &gt; 1, find the [[:w:Set (mathematics)|set]] of the [[:w:Minimal element|minimal element]]s of the set of the &quot;[[:w:Prime number|prime number]] [[:w:Greater than|&gt;]] ''b''&quot; [[:w:Numerical digit|digit]] [[:w:String (computer science)|string]]s in the [[:w:Positional numeral system|positional numeral system]] with [[:w:Radix|base]] ''b'' for the [[:w:Subsequence|subsequence]] [[:w:Partially ordered set|ordering]]. (A string ''x'' is a subsequence of another string ''y'', if ''x'' can be obtained from ''y'' by deleting zero or more of the [[:w:Character (computing)|character]]s in ''y''. For example, 514 is a subsequence of 352148, &quot;string&quot; is a subsequence of &quot;meistersinger&quot;. In contrast, 758 is not a subsequence of 378259, &quot;abc&quot; is not a subsequence of &quot;cbacacba&quot;, since the characters must be in the same order) (Unlike [[:w:Substring|substring]], subsequence is not required to occupy consecutive positions within the original sequences, e.g. the [[:w:Longest common subsequence|longest common subsequence problem]] is different from the [[:w:Longest common substring|longest common substring problem]])

Using [[:w:Formal language theory|formal language theory]] terminology, Athena problem is finding the [[:w:Set (mathematics)|set]] of the [[:w:Minimal element|minimal element]]s of the [[:w:Formal language|language]] of base-''b'' [[:w:Representation (mathematics)|representation]]s of the [[:w:Prime number|prime number]]s [[:w:Greater than|&gt;]] ''b'' (which is a set of [[:w:String (computer science)|string]]s of [[:w:Symbol|symbol]]s over the [[:w:Alphabet (formal languages)|alphabet]] ''Σ''&lt;sub&gt;''b''&lt;/sub&gt; := {0, 1, ..., ''b''−1}), under the subsequence ordering (i.e. the [[:w:Binary relation|binary relation]] &quot;is a subsequence of&quot;, which is a [[:w:Partially ordered set|partial ordering]]), for a given natural number ''b'' &gt; 1. (You can draw this ordering as [[:w:Hasse diagram|Hasse diagram]] to find all [[:w:Minimal element|minimal element]]s)

By [[:w:Higman's lemma|Higman's lemma]], there are no [[:w:Infinite set|infinite]] [[:w:Antichain|antichain]]s for the subsequence ordering (i.e. the subsequence ordering is always a [[:w:Well-quasi-ordering|well quasi order]]) (i.e. under the subsequence ordering (i.e. the [[:w:Binary relation|binary relation]] &quot;is a subsequence of&quot;, which is a [[:w:Partially ordered set|partial ordering]]), every set of pairwise incomparable (i.e. not [[:w:Comparability|comparable]]) strings is finite), thus there must be only finitely many such minimal elements. In other words, the set of such minimal elements must be a [[:w:Finite set|finite set]], e.g. in [[:w:Decimal|decimal]] (base ''b'' = 10), this set has exactly 77 [[:w:Element of a set|element]]s: {11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, 97, 227, 251, 257, 277, 281, 349, 409, 449, 499, 521, 557, 577, 587, 727, 757, 787, 821, 827, 857, 877, 881, 887, 991, 2087, 2221, 5051, 5081, 5501, 5581, 5801, 5851, 6469, 6949, 8501, 9001, 9049, 9221, 9551, 9649, 9851, 9949, 20021, 20201, 50207, 60649, 80051, 666649, 946669, 5200007, 22000001, 60000049, 66000049, 66600049, 80555551, 555555555551, 5000000000000000000000000000027}.

For bases 2 ≤ ''b'' ≤ 36, Athena problem is fully solved in bases ''b'' = 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 18, 20, 24, and also solved in bases ''b'' = 11, 13, 16, 22, 30 if [[:w:Probable prime|probable prime]]s are allowed. For the unsolved bases ''b'' = 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 31, 32, 34, 35, 36, Athena problem is solved (if probable primes are allowed) except 771 [[:w:Indexed family|families]] of the form ''x''{''y''}''z'' (where ''x'' and ''z'' are strings (may be [[:w:Empty string|empty]]) of digits in base ''b'', ''y'' is a digit in base ''b'') = sequence {''xz'', ''xyz'', ''xyyz'', ''xyyyz'', ''xyyyyz'', ''xyyyyyz'', ...} (i.e. &quot;''xy''&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;''z''&quot; in [[:w:Regular expression|regular expression]]), all of these 771 families contain no primes &gt; ''b'' or probable primes &gt; ''b'' with length ≤ 100000.

== Results ==

To solve the Athena problem for a given base ''b'', we must [[:w:Computing|compute]] the element up to families of the form ''x''{''y''}''z'' (where ''x'' and ''z'' are strings (may be empty) of digits in base ''b'', ''y'' is a digit in base ''b'') (we call such families ''linear families''), and find the smallest prime &gt; ''b'' in all such families.

Shrinking the family ''x''{''Y''}''z'' (where ''x'' and ''z'' are strings (may be empty) of digits in base ''b'', ''Y'' is a set of digits in base ''b'')

* If ''y'' ∈ ''Y'' and the string ''xyyz'' represents a prime &gt; ''b'' in base ''b'' (in this case, add this prime to the list) or has a subsequence which represents a prime &gt; ''b'' in base ''b'', then ''x''{''Y''}''z'' can be replaced with ''x''{''Y'' \ ''y''}''z'' ∪ ''x''{''Y'' \ ''y''}''y''{''Y'' \ ''y''}''z''.
* If ''y''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; ∈ ''Y'' and ''y''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; ∈ ''Y'' and ''y''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; ≠ ''y''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and the string ''xy''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;''y''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;''z'' represents a prime &gt; ''b'' in base ''b'' (in this case, add this prime to the list) or has a subsequence which represents a prime &gt; ''b'' in base ''b'', then ''x''{''Y''}''z'' can be replaced with ''x''{''Y'' \ ''y''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;}{''Y'' \ ''y''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;}''z''.
* If ''y''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; ∈ ''Y'' and ''y''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; ∈ ''Y'' and ''y''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; ≠ ''y''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and both the strings ''xy''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;''y''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;''z'' and ''xy''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;''y''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;''z'' represent a prime &gt; ''b'' in base ''b'' (in this case, add this prime to the list) or have a subsequence which represents a prime &gt; ''b'' in base ''b'', then ''x''{''Y''}''z'' can be replaced with ''x''{''Y'' \ ''y''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;}''z'' ∪ ''x''{''Y'' \ ''y''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;}''z''.

e.g. in decimal (base ''b'' = 10):

* 2221 is a prime &gt; 10, thus the family 2{0,2}1 splits into the two families 2{0}1 and 2{0}2{0}1.
* 227 is a prime &gt; 10, and it is a subsequence of 5227, thus the family 5{0,2}7 splits into the two families 5{0}7 and 5{0}2{0}7.
* 449 is a prime &gt; 10, and it is a subsequence of 6449, thus the family 6{0,3,4,6,9}9 splits into the two families 6{0,3,6,9}9 and 6{0,3,6,9}4{0,3,6,9}9.
* Both 5051 and 5501 are primes &gt; 10, thus the family 5{0,5}1 splits into the two families 5{0}1 and 5{5}1 = {5}1.
* 8501 is a prime &gt; 10, thus the family 8{0,5}1 splits into the family 8{0}{5}1.
* 887 is a prime &gt; 10, and it is a subsequence of 2887, also 2087 is a prime &gt; 10, thus the family 2{0,8}7 splits into the two families 2{0}7 and 28{0}7.
* 349 and 449 are primes &gt; 10, and they are subsequences of 9349 and 9449, respectively, also 9049, 9649, 9949 are primes &gt; 10, thus the family 9{0,3,4,6,9}9 splits into the two families 9{0,3,6,9}9 and 94{0,3,6,9}9.
* 251, 281, 521, 821, 881 are primes &gt; 10, and they are subsequences of 9251, 9281, 9521, 9821, 9881, respectively, also 9001, 9221, 9551, 9851 are primes &gt; 10, thus the family 9{0,2,5,8}1 splits into the numbers {91, 901, 921, 951, 981, 9021, 9051, 9081, 9201, 9501, 9581, 9801, 90581, 95081, 95801}.

If the methods we have discussed cannot be used to rule out or shrink ''x''{''Y''}''z'' where ''Y'' = {''y''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;, ''y''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, ..., ''y''&lt;sub&gt;''n''&lt;/sub&gt;}, then we can replace ''x''{''Y''}''z'' by ''xy''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;{''Y''}''z'' ∪ ''xy''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;{''Y''}''z'' ∪ ... ∪ ''xy''&lt;sub&gt;''n''&lt;/sub&gt;{''Y''}''z'' and re-run the methods on this new [[:w:Formal language|language]].

If all remain families are linear families (i.e. of the form ''x''{''y''}''z'', where ''x'' and ''z'' are strings (may be empty) of digits in base ''b'', ''y'' is a digit in base ''b''), then we search the smallest (probable) primes in these families and add these primes to the list.

e.g. in decimal (base ''b'' = 10):

* The smallest prime in the family 5{0}27 is 5000000000000000000000000000027.
* The smallest prime in the family {5}1 is 555555555551.
* The smallest prime in the family 8{5}1 is 8555555555555555555551, but 8555555555555555555551 is not a minimal element since 555555555551 is a subsequence of 8555555555555555555551.

There is no guarantee that the techniques discussed will ever terminate, but in practice they often do. They are able to determine the set of the minimal elements in base ''b'' for 2 ≤ ''b'' ≤ 16 and ''b'' = 18, 20, 22, 24, 30. The bases ''b'' = 17, 19, 21, 23, 25 ≤ ''b'' ≤ 29, 31 ≤ ''b'' ≤ 36 are solved with the exception of 771 families of the form ''x''{''y''}''z'' (where ''x'' and ''z'' are strings (may be empty) of digits in base ''b'', ''y'' is a digit in base ''b'').

The following is a &quot;[[:w:Semi-algorithm|semi-algorithm]]&quot; that is guaranteed to solve the Athena problem for a given base ''b'', but it is not so easy to implement:

# ''M'' = ''[[:w:Empty string|∅]]''
# while (''L'' ≠ ''∅'') do
# choose ''x'', a shortest string in ''L''
# ''M'' := ''M'' ∪ {''x''}
# ''L'' := ''L'' − ''sup''({''x''})

In practice, for arbitrary ''L'', we cannot feasibly carry out step 5. Instead, we work with ''L''&amp;#39;, some regular overapproximation to ''L'', until we can show ''L''&amp;#39; = ''∅'' (which implies ''L'' = ''∅''). In practice, ''L''&amp;#39; is usually chosen to be a finite [[:w:Union (set theory)|union]] of sets of the form ''L''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;{''L''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;}''L''&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;, where each of ''L''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;, ''L''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, ''L''&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; is finite. In the case we consider in this project, we then have to determine whether such a family contains a prime or not.

Thus, Athena problem in bases ''b'' around 500 may be [[:w:NP-complete|NP-complete]] or [[:w:NP-hard|NP-hard]], or an [[:w:Undecidable problem|undecidable problem]], or an example of [[:w:Gödel's incompleteness theorems|Gödel's incompleteness theorems]] (like the [[:w:Continuum hypothesis|continuum hypothesis]] and the [[:w:Halting problem|halting problem]]).

To solve the Athena problem, we need to determine whether a given family contains a prime. In practice, if family ''x''{''Y''}''z'' (where ''x'' and ''z'' are strings (may be empty) of digits in base ''b'', ''Y'' is a set of digits in base ''b'') could not be ruled out as only containing composites and ''Y'' contains two or more digits, then a relatively small prime &gt; ''b'' could always be found in this family. Intuitively, this is because there are a large number of small strings in such a family, and at least one is likely to be prime (e.g. there are 2&lt;sup&gt;''n''−2&lt;/sup&gt; strings of length ''n'' in the family 1{3,7}9, and there are over a thousand strings of length 12 in the family 1{3,7}9, thus it is very impossible that these numbers are all composite). In the case ''Y'' contains only one digit, this family is of the form ''x''{''y''}''z'', and there is only a single string of each length &gt; (the length of ''x'' + the length of ''z''), and it is not known if the following [[:w:Decision problem|decision problem]] is recursively solvable (just like [[:w:Sierpiński number|Sierpiński problem]] and [[:w:Riesel number|Riesel problem]], Sierpiński problem and Riesel problem can be generalized to other bases ''b'', in fact, Athena problem in base ''b'' covers the Sierpiński problem in base ''b'' and the Riesel problem in base ''b'' with ''k'' &lt; ''b'', i.e. finding the smallest prime of the form ''k''×''b''&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;+1 and ''k''×''b''&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;−1 (or prove such prime does not exist) with ''k'' &lt; ''b'', since the smallest prime of the form ''k''×''b''&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;+1 and ''k''×''b''&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;−1 (if exists) must be a minimal element in base ''b''):

Problem: Given strings ''x'', ''z'' (may be empty), a digit ''y'', and a base ''b'' (''x'' does not [[:w:Leading zero|start with the digit 0]], ''z'' ends with a digit which [[:w:Coprime integers|coprime]] to ''b'', ''y'' is not 0 if ''x'' is empty, ''y'' is coprime to ''b'' if ''z'' is empty), does there exist a prime number whose base-''b'' expansion is of the form ''xy''&lt;sub&gt;''n''&lt;/sub&gt;''z'' for some ''n'' ≥ 0?

Some families can be ruled out to contain no prime &gt; ''b'' by [[:w:Covering set|covering congruence]], [[:w:Factorization of polynomials|algebraic factorization]] (e.g. [[:w:Difference of two squares|difference of two squares]], [[:w:Sum of two cubes|sum of two cubes]], [[:w:Sophie Germain's identity|Sophie Germain's identity of ''x''&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;+4×''y''&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;]]), or combine of them, e.g.

* The base 9 family 2{7}: Always divisible by 2 or 5
* The base 16 family {8}F: Always divisible by 3, 7, or 13
* The base 21 family {7}D: Always divisible by 2, 13, or 17
* The base 23 family {D}GA: Always divisible by 2, 5, 7, 37, or 79
* The base 9 family 3{8}: Can be written as 4×9&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;−1 and can be factored as (2×3&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;−1) × (2×3&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;+1)
* The base 8 family 1{0}1: Can be written as 8&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;+1 and can be factored as (2&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;+1) × (4&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;−2&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;+1)
* The base 16 family {4}1: Can be written as (4×16&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;−49)/15 and can be factored as (2×3&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;−7) × (2×3&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;+7) / 15
* The base 16 family {C}D: Can be written as (4×16&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;+1)/5 and can be factored as (2×4&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;−2×2&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;+1) × (2×4&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;+2×2&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;+1) / 5
* The base 14 family 8{D}: Can be written as 9×14&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;−1, it is divisible by 5 if ''n'' is odd and can be factored as (3×14&lt;sup&gt;''n''/2&lt;/sup&gt;−1) × (3×14&lt;sup&gt;''n''/2&lt;/sup&gt;+1) if ''n'' is even
* The base 12 family {B}9B: Can be written as 12&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;−25, it is divisible by 13 if ''n'' is odd and can be factored as (12&lt;sup&gt;''n''/2&lt;/sup&gt;−5) × (12&lt;sup&gt;''n''/2&lt;/sup&gt;+5) if ''n'' is even
* The base 17 family 1{9}: Can be written as (25×17&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;−9)/16, it is divisible by 2 if ''n'' is odd and can be factored as (5×17&lt;sup&gt;''n''/2&lt;/sup&gt;−3) × (5×17&lt;sup&gt;''n''/2&lt;/sup&gt;+3) / 16 if ''n'' is even
* The base 19 family 1{6}: Can be written as (4×19&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;−1)/3, it is divisible by 5 if ''n'' is odd and can be factored as (2×19&lt;sup&gt;''n''/2&lt;/sup&gt;−1) × (2×19&lt;sup&gt;''n''/2&lt;/sup&gt;+1) / 3 if ''n'' is even

By the [[:w:Prime number theorem|prime number theorem]], the [[:w:Probability|chance]] that a [[:w:Random number|random]] ''n''-digit base ''b'' number is prime is [[:w:Asymptotic analysis|approximately]] 1/''n'' (more accurately, the chance is approximately 1/(''n''×''ln''(''b'')), where ''ln'' is the [[:w:Natural logarithm|natural logarithm]]). If one conjectures the numbers ''x''{''y''}''z'' behave similarly (i.e. the numbers ''x''{''y''}''z'' is a [[:w:Pseudorandomness|pseudorandom sequence]]) you would expect [[:w:Harmonic_series (mathematics)|1/1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + 1/4 + ... = ∞]] primes of the form ''x''{''y''}''z'' (of course, this does not always happen, since some ''x''{''y''}''z'' families can be ruled out to contain no prime &gt; ''b'' (by covering congruence, algebraic factorization, or combine of them), but it is at least a reasonable conjecture in the absence of evidence to the contrary. Hence, the [[:w:Heuristic argument|heuristic argument]] suggests there are always infinitely many primes in family ''x''{''y''}''z'' (where ''x'' and ''z'' are strings (may be empty) of digits in base ''b'', ''y'' is a digit in base ''b'') if it cannot be ruled out to contain no prime or only contain finitely many primes, by covering congruence, algebraic factorization, or combine of them. However, some families ''x''{''y''}''z'' could not be proven to contain no primes &gt; ''b'' (by covering congruence, algebraic factorization, or combine of them) but no primes &gt; ''b'' could be found in the family, even after searching through numbers with over 100000 digits. In such a case, the only way to proceed is to [[:w:Primality test|test the primality]] of larger and larger numbers of such form and hope a prime is eventually discovered. e.g. the smallest (probable) prime in the family A{3}A in base ''b'' = 13 is A3&lt;sub&gt;592197&lt;/sub&gt;A, which written in decimal contains 659677 digits (it is only probable prime, i.e. not definitely prime).

== Data ==

All numbers are written in base ''b'', [[:w:Senary#Base 36 as senary compression|using A to Z to represent digit values 10 to 35]], &quot;{}&quot; means repeating, e.g. family 12{3}45 means the sequence {1245, 12345, 123345, 1233345, 12333345, 123333345, ...} (where the members are expressed as base ''b'' strings), subscripts are used to indicate repetitions of digits, e.g. 123&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;567 means 123333567 (all subscripts are written in decimal).

Base 2: 1 prime (the largest of which has 2 digits): {11}

Base 3: 3 primes (the largest of which has 3 digits): {12, 21, 111}

Base 4: 5 primes (the largest of which has 3 digits): {11, 13, 23, 31, 221}

Base 5: 22 primes (the largest of which has 96 digits): {12, 21, 23, 32, 34, 43, 104, 111, 131, 133, 313, 401, 414, 3101, 10103, 14444, 30301, 33001, 33331, 44441, 300031, 100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000013}

Base 6: 11 primes (the largest of which has 5 digits): {11, 15, 21, 25, 31, 35, 45, 51, 4401, 4441, 40041}

Base 7: 71 primes (the largest of which has 17 digits): {14, 16, 23, 25, 32, 41, 43, 52, 56, 61, 65, 113, 115, 131, 133, 155, 212, 221, 304, 313, 335, 344, 346, 364, 445, 515, 533, 535, 544, 551, 553, 1022, 1051, 1112, 1202, 1211, 1222, 2111, 3031, 3055, 3334, 3503, 3505, 3545, 4504, 4555, 5011, 5455, 5545, 5554, 6034, 6634, 11111, 11201, 30011, 30101, 31001, 31111, 33001, 33311, 35555, 40054, 100121, 150001, 300053, 351101, 531101, 1100021, 33333301, 5100000001, 33333333333333331}

Base 8: 75 primes (the largest of which has 221 digits): {13, 15, 21, 23, 27, 35, 37, 45, 51, 53, 57, 65, 73, 75, 107, 111, 117, 141, 147, 161, 177, 225, 255, 301, 343, 361, 401, 407, 417, 431, 433, 463, 467, 471, 631, 643, 661, 667, 701, 711, 717, 747, 767, 3331, 3411, 4043, 4443, 4611, 5205, 6007, 6101, 6441, 6477, 6707, 6777, 7461, 7641, 47777, 60171, 60411, 60741, 444641, 500025, 505525, 3344441, 4444477, 5500525, 5550525, 55555025, 444444441, 744444441, 77774444441, 7777777777771, 555555555555525, 44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444447}

Base 9: 151 primes (the largest of which has 1161 digits): {12, 14, 18, 21, 25, 32, 34, 41, 45, 47, 52, 58, 65, 67, 74, 78, 81, 87, 117, 131, 135, 151, 155, 175, 177, 238, 272, 308, 315, 331, 337, 355, 371, 375, 377, 438, 504, 515, 517, 531, 537, 557, 564, 601, 638, 661, 702, 711, 722, 735, 737, 751, 755, 757, 771, 805, 838, 1011, 1015, 1101, 1701, 2027, 2207, 3017, 3057, 3101, 3501, 3561, 3611, 3688, 3868, 5035, 5051, 5071, 5101, 5501, 5554, 5705, 5707, 7017, 7075, 7105, 7301, 8535, 8544, 8555, 8854, 20777, 22227, 22777, 30161, 33388, 50161, 50611, 53335, 55111, 55535, 55551, 57061, 57775, 70631, 71007, 77207, 100037, 100071, 100761, 105007, 270707, 301111, 305111, 333035, 333385, 333835, 338885, 350007, 500075, 530005, 555611, 631111, 720707, 2770007, 3030335, 7776662, 30300005, 30333335, 38333335, 51116111, 70000361, 300030005, 300033305, 351111111, 1300000007, 5161111111, 8333333335, 300000000035, 311111111161, 544444444444, 2000000000007, 5700000000001, 7270000000007, 88888888833335, 100000000000507, 5111111111111161, 7277777777777777707, 8888888888888888888335, 30000000000000000000051, 1000000000000000000000000057, 56111111111111111111111111111111111111, 7666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666662, 27777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777707, 300000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011}

Base 10: 77 primes (the largest of which has 31 digits): {11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, 97, 227, 251, 257, 277, 281, 349, 409, 449, 499, 521, 557, 577, 587, 727, 757, 787, 821, 827, 857, 877, 881, 887, 991, 2087, 2221, 5051, 5081, 5501, 5581, 5801, 5851, 6469, 6949, 8501, 9001, 9049, 9221, 9551, 9649, 9851, 9949, 20021, 20201, 50207, 60649, 80051, 666649, 946669, 5200007, 22000001, 60000049, 66000049, 66600049, 80555551, 555555555551, 5000000000000000000000000000027}

Base 11: 1068 primes (including 1 unproven probable prime: 57&lt;sub&gt;62668&lt;/sub&gt;), the largest of which has 62669 digits, see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel11 Data of Athena problem base 11]

Base 12: 106 primes (the largest of which has 42 digits): {11, 15, 17, 1B, 25, 27, 31, 35, 37, 3B, 45, 4B, 51, 57, 5B, 61, 67, 6B, 75, 81, 85, 87, 8B, 91, 95, A7, AB, B5, B7, 221, 241, 2A1, 2B1, 2BB, 401, 421, 447, 471, 497, 565, 655, 665, 701, 70B, 721, 747, 771, 77B, 797, 7A1, 7BB, 907, 90B, 9BB, A41, B21, B2B, 2001, 200B, 202B, 222B, 229B, 292B, 299B, 4441, 4707, 4777, 6A05, 6AA5, 729B, 7441, 7B41, 929B, 9777, 992B, 9947, 997B, 9997, A0A1, A201, A605, A6A5, AA65, B001, B0B1, BB01, BB41, 600A5, 7999B, 9999B, AAAA1, B04A1, B0B9B, BAA01, BAAA1, BB09B, BBBB1, 44AAA1, A00065, BBBAA1, AAA0001, B00099B, AA000001, BBBBBB99B, B0000000000000000000000000009B, 400000000000000000000000000000000000000077}

Base 13: 3197 primes (including 4 unproven probable primes: C5&lt;sub&gt;23755&lt;/sub&gt;C, 80&lt;sub&gt;32017&lt;/sub&gt;111, 95&lt;sub&gt;197420&lt;/sub&gt;, A3&lt;sub&gt;592197&lt;/sub&gt;A), the largest of which has 592199 digits, see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel13 Data of Athena problem base 13]

Base 14: 650 primes, the largest of which has 19699 digits, see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel14 Data of Athena problem base 14]

Base 15: 1284 primes, the largest of which has 157 digits, see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel15 Data of Athena problem base 15]

Base 16: 2347 primes (including 3 unproven probable primes: DB&lt;sub&gt;32234&lt;/sub&gt;, 4&lt;sub&gt;72785&lt;/sub&gt;DD, 3&lt;sub&gt;116137&lt;/sub&gt;AF), the largest of which has 116139 digits, see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel16 Data of Athena problem base 16]

Base 17: 10415 known primes (including many unproven probable primes) and 12 unsolved families (1{7}, 1F{0}7, 4{7}A, 70F{0}D, 8{B}9, 9{5}9, A{D}F, B{0}B3, {B}E9, {B}EE, F1{9}, FD0{D}, no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 200000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel17 Data of Athena problem base 17] and [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/left17 Data of unsolved families for base 17]

Base 18: 549 primes, the largest of which has 6271 digits, see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel18 Data of Athena problem base 18]

Base 19: 31417 known primes (including many unproven probable primes) and 17 unsolved families (4B5{0}H, {5}3, 5{H}05, 5{H}0H, 5{H}5, 66{B}, 71{0}177, 7AF{0}H, 97{0}3, C{H}C, EE1{6}, F{7}5, F{B}G, F{D}F, H0F{0}7A, HB{0}5B5, II{D}, no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 200000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel19 Data of Athena problem base 19] and [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/left19 Data of unsolved families for base 19]

Base 20: 3314 primes, the largest of which has 6271 digits, see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel20 Data of Athena problem base 20]

Base 21: 13386 known primes (including many unproven probable primes) and 8 unsolved families (5{0}DJ, {9}D, B3{0}EB, B{H}6H, C{F}0K, {F}35, G{0}FK, H{0}7771, no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 200000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel21 Data of Athena problem base 21] and [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/left21 Data of unsolved families for base 21]

Base 22: 8003 primes (including 1 unproven probable prime: BK&lt;sub&gt;22001&lt;/sub&gt;5), the largest of which has 22003 digits, see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel22 Data of Athena problem base 22]

Base 23: 65178 known primes (including many unproven probable primes) and 87 unsolved families (no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 100000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel23 Data of Athena problem base 23] and [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/left23 Data of unsolved families for base 23]

Base 24: 3409 primes, the largest of which has 8134 digits, see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel24 Data of Athena problem base 24]

Base 25: 133639 known primes (including many unproven probable primes) and 85 unsolved families (no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 100000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel25 Data of Athena problem base 25] and [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/left25 Data of unsolved families for base 25]

Base 26: 25256 known primes (including 7 unproven probable primes: 5&lt;sub&gt;19391&lt;/sub&gt;6F, 7&lt;sub&gt;20279&lt;/sub&gt;OL, LD0&lt;sub&gt;20975&lt;/sub&gt;7, 6K&lt;sub&gt;23300&lt;/sub&gt;5, J0&lt;sub&gt;44303&lt;/sub&gt;KCB, M0&lt;sub&gt;61186&lt;/sub&gt;2BB, 85M&lt;sub&gt;197060&lt;/sub&gt;B) and 3 unsolved families ({A}6F, {H}MH, {I}GL, no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 200000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel26 Data of Athena problem base 26]

Base 27: 102852 known primes (including many unproven probable primes) and 44 unsolved families (no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 100000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel27 Data of Athena problem base 27] and [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/left27 Data of unsolved families for base 27]

Base 28: 25528 known primes (including 3 unproven probable primes: N6&lt;sub&gt;24051&lt;/sub&gt;LR, 5OA&lt;sub&gt;31238&lt;/sub&gt;F, O4O&lt;sub&gt;94535&lt;/sub&gt;9) and 1 unsolved family (O{A}F, no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 709070, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel28 Data of Athena problem base 28]

Base 29: 355242 known primes (including many unproven probable primes) and 125 unsolved families (no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 100000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel29 Data of Athena problem base 29] and [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/left29 Data of unsolved families for base 29]

Base 30: 2619 primes (including 1 unproven probable prime: I0&lt;sub&gt;24608&lt;/sub&gt;D), the largest of which has 34206 digits, see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel30 Data of Athena problem base 30]

Base 31: 569323 known primes (including many unproven probable primes) and 77 unsolved families (no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 100000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel31 Data of Athena problem base 31] and [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/left31 Data of unsolved families for base 31]

Base 32: 168882 known primes (including many unproven probable primes) and 120 unsolved families (no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 100000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel32 Data of Athena problem base 32] and [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/left32 Data of unsolved families for base 32]

Base 33: 280012 known primes (including many unproven probable primes) and 81 unsolved families (no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 100000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel33 Data of Athena problem base 33] and [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/left33 Data of unsolved families for base 33]

Base 34: 184785 known primes (including many unproven probable primes) and 47 unsolved families (no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 100000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel34 Data of Athena problem base 34] and [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/left34 Data of unsolved families for base 34]

Base 35: 720002 known primes (including many unproven probable primes) and 60 unsolved families (no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 100000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel35 Data of Athena problem base 35] and [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/left35 Data of unsolved families for base 35]

Base 36: 35286 known primes (including 3 unproven probable primes: 7K&lt;sub&gt;26567&lt;/sub&gt;Z, S0&lt;sub&gt;75007&lt;/sub&gt;8H, P&lt;sub&gt;81993&lt;/sub&gt;SZ) and 4 unsolved families (B{0}EUV, HM{0}N, N{0}YYN, O{L}Z, no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 200000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel36 Data of Athena problem base 36]

== The fully proof of Athena problem in decimal (base ''b'' = 10) ==

'''Bold''' for the minimal elements, ''x'' ◁ ''y'' means ''x'' is a subsequence of ''y''.

Assume ''p'' is a prime &gt; 10, and the last digit of ''p'' must lie in {1,3,7,9}.

Case 1: ''p'' ends with 1.

In this case we can write ''p'' = ''x''1. If ''x'' contains 1, 3, 4, 6, or 7, then (respectively) '''11''' ◁ ''p'', '''31''' ◁ ''p'', '''41''' ◁ ''p'', '''61''' ◁ ''p'', or '''71''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume all digits of ''x'' are 0, 2, 5, 8, or 9.

Case 1.1: ''p'' begins with 2.

In this case we can write ''p'' = 2''y''1. If 5 ◁ ''y'', then '''251''' ◁ ''p''. If 8 ◁ ''y'', then '''281''' ◁ ''p''. If 9 ◁ ''y'', then 29 ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume all digits of ''y'' are 0 or 2.

If 22 ◁ ''y'', then '''2221''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''y'' contains zero or one 2's.

If ''y'' contains no 2's, then ''p'' ∈ 2{0}1. But then, since the sum of the digits of ''p'' is 3, ''p'' is divisible by 3, so ''p'' cannot be prime.

If ''y'' contains exactly one 2, then we can write ''p'' = 2''z''2''w''1, where ''z'',''w'' ∈ {0}. If 0 ◁ ''z'' and 0 ◁ ''w'', then '''20201''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume either ''z'' or ''w'' is empty.

If ''z'' is empty, then ''p'' ∈ 22{0}1, and the smallest prime ''p'' ∈ 22{0}1 is '''22000001'''.

If ''w'' is empty, then ''p'' ∈ 2{0}21, and the smallest prime ''p'' ∈ 2{0}21 is '''20021'''.

Case 1.2: ''p'' begins with 5.

In this case we can write ''p'' = 5''y''1. If 2 ◁ ''y'', then '''521''' ◁ ''p''. If 9 ◁ ''y'', then 59 ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume all digits of ''y'' are 0, 5, or 8.

If 05 ◁ ''y'', then '''5051''' ◁ ''p''. If 08 ◁ ''y'', then '''5081''' ◁ ''p''. If 50 ◁ ''y'', then '''5501''' ◁ ''p''. If 58 ◁ ''y'', then '''5581''' ◁ ''p''. If 80 ◁ ''y'', then '''5801''' ◁ ''p''. If 85 ◁ ''y'', then '''5851''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''y'' ∈ {0} ∪ {5} ∪ {8}.

If ''y'' ∈ {0}, then ''p'' ∈ 5{0}1. But then, since the sum of the digits of ''p'' is 6, ''p'' is divisible by 3, so ''p'' cannot be prime.

If ''y'' ∈ {5}, then ''p'' ∈ 5{5}1, and the smallest prime ''p'' ∈ 5{5}1 is '''555555555551'''.

If ''y'' ∈ {8}, since if 88 ◁ ''y'', then 881 ◁ ''p'', hence we may assume ''y'' ∈ {''𝜆'',8}, and thus ''p'' ∈ {51,581}, but 51 and 581 are both composite.

Case 1.3: ''p'' begins with 8.

In this case we can write p = 8''y''1. If 2 ◁ ''y'', then '''821''' ◁ ''p''. If 8 ◁ ''y'', then '''881''' ◁ ''p''. If 9 ◁ ''y'', then 89 ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume all digits of ''y'' are 0 or 5.

If 50 ◁ ''y'', then '''8501''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume y ∈ {0}{5}.

If 005 ◁ ''y'', then '''80051''' ◁ p. Hence we may assume y ∈ {0} ∪ {5} ∪ 0{5}.

If y ∈ {0}, then ''p'' ∈ 8{0}1. But then, since the sum of the digits of ''p'' is 9, ''p'' is divisible by 3, so ''p'' cannot be prime.

If y ∈ {5}, since if 55555555555 ◁ ''y'', then 555555555551 ◁ ''p'', hence we may assume ''y'' ∈ {''𝜆'', 5, 55, 555, 5555, 55555, 555555, 5555555, 55555555, 555555555, 5555555555}, and thus ''p'' ∈ {81, 851, 8551, 85551, 855551, 8555551, 85555551, 855555551, 8555555551, 85555555551, 855555555551}, but all of these numbers are composite.

If y ∈ 0{5}, since if 55555555555 ◁ ''y'', then 555555555551 ◁ ''p'', hence we may assume ''y'' ∈ {0, 05, 055, 0555, 05555, 055555, 0555555, 05555555, 055555555, 0555555555, 05555555555}, and thus ''p'' ∈ {801, 8051, 80551, 805551, 8055551, 80555551, 805555551, 8055555551, 80555555551, 805555555551, 8055555555551}, and of these numbers only 80555551 and 8055555551 are primes, but 80555551 ◁ 8055555551, thus only '''80555551''' is a minimal element.

Case 1.4: ''p'' begins with 9.

In this case we can write p = 9''y''1. If 9 ◁ ''y'', then '''991''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume all digits of ''y'' are 0, 2, 5, or 8.

If 00 ◁ ''y'', then '''9001''' ◁ ''p''. If 22 ◁ ''y'', then '''9221''' ◁ ''p''. If 55 ◁ ''y'', then '''9551''' ◁ ''p''. If 88 ◁ ''y'', then 881 ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''y'' contains at most one 0, at most one 2, at most one 5, and at most one 8.

If ''y'' only contains at most one 0 and does not contain any of {2,5,8}, then ''y'' ∈ {''𝜆'',0}, and thus ''p'' ∈ {91,901}, but 91 and 901 are both composite. If ''y'' only contains at most one 0 and only one of {2,5,8}, then the sum of the digits of ''p'' is divisible by 3, ''p'' is divisible by 3, so ''p'' cannot be prime. Hence we may assume ''y'' contains at least two of {2,5,8}.

If 25 ◁ ''y'', then 251 ◁ ''p''. If 28 ◁ ''y'', then 281 ◁ ''p''. If 52 ◁ ''y'', then 521 ◁ ''p''. If 82 ◁ ''y'', then 821 ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''y'' contains no 2's (since if ''y'' contains 2, then ''y'' cannot contain either 5's or 8's, which is a contradiction).

If 85 ◁ ''y'', then '''9851''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''y'' ∈ {58,580,508,058}, and thus ''p'' ∈ {9581,95801,95081,90581}, and of these numbers only 95801 is prime, but 95801 is not a minimal element since 5801 ◁ 95801.

Case 2: ''p'' ends with 3.

In this case we can write p = ''x''3. If ''x'' contains 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, or 8, then (respectively) '''13''' ◁ ''p'', '''23''' ◁ ''p'', '''43''' ◁ ''p'', '''53''' ◁ ''p'', '''73''' ◁ ''p'', or '''83''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume all digits of ''x'' are 0, 3, 6, or 9, and thus all digits of ''p'' are 0, 3, 6, or 9. But then, since the digits of ''p'' all have a common factor 3, ''p'' is divisible by 3, so ''p'' cannot be prime.

Case 3: ''p'' ends with 7.

In this case we can write ''p'' = ''x''7. If ''x'' contains 1, 3, 4, 6, or 9, then (respectively) '''17''' ◁ ''p'', '''37''' ◁ ''p'', '''47''' ◁ ''p'', '''67''' ◁ ''p'', or '''97''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume all digits of ''x'' are 0, 2, 5, 7, or 8.

Case 3.1: ''p'' begins with 2.

In this case we can write ''p'' = 2''y''7. If 2 ◁ ''y'', then '''227''' ◁ ''p''. If 5 ◁ ''y'', then '''257''' ◁ ''p''. If 7 ◁ ''y'', then '''277''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume all digits of ''y'' are 0 or 8.

If 08 ◁ ''y'', then '''2087''' ◁ ''p''. If 88 ◁ ''y'', then 887 ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''y'' ∈ {0} ∪ 8{0}.

If ''y'' ∈ {0}, then ''p'' ∈ 2{0}7. But then, since the sum of the digits of ''p'' is 9, ''p'' is divisible by 3, so ''p'' cannot be prime.

If y ∈ 8{0}, then ''p'' ∈ 28{0}7. But then ''p'' is divisible by 7, since for ''n'' ≥ 0 we have 7 × 40&lt;sub&gt;''n''&lt;/sub&gt;1 = 280&lt;sub&gt;''n''&lt;/sub&gt;7.

Case 3.2: ''p'' begins with 5.

In this case we can write ''p'' = 5''y''7. If 5 ◁ ''y'', then '''557''' ◁ ''p''. If 7 ◁ ''y'', then '''577''' ◁ ''p''. If 8 ◁ ''y'', then '''587''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume all digits of ''y'' are 0 or 2.

If 22 ◁ ''y'', then 227 ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''y'' contains zero or one 2's.

If ''y'' contains no 2's, then ''p'' ∈ 5{0}7. But then, since the sum of the digits of ''p'' is 12, ''p'' is divisible by 3, so ''p'' cannot be prime.

If ''y'' contains exactly one 2, then we can write ''p'' = 5''z''2''w''7, where ''z'',''w'' ∈ {0}. If 0 ◁ ''z'' and 0 ◁ ''w'', then '''50207''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume either ''z'' or ''w'' is empty.

If ''z'' is empty, then ''p'' ∈ 52{0}7, and the smallest prime ''p'' ∈ 52{0}7 is '''5200007'''.

If ''w'' is empty, then ''p'' ∈ 5{0}27, and the smallest prime ''p'' ∈ 5{0}27 is '''5000000000000000000000000000027'''.

Case 3.3: ''p'' begins with 7.

In this case we can write ''p'' = 7''y''7. If 2 ◁ ''y'', then '''727''' ◁ ''p''. If 5 ◁ ''y'', then '''757''' ◁ ''p''. If 8 ◁ ''y'', then '''787''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume all digits of ''y'' are 0 or 7, and thus all digits of ''p'' are 0 or 7. But then, since the digits of ''p'' all have a common factor 7, ''p'' is divisible by 7, so ''p'' cannot be prime.

Case 3.4: ''p'' begins with 8.

In this case we can write ''p'' = 8''y''7. If 2 ◁ ''y'', then '''827''' ◁ ''p''. If 5 ◁ ''y'', then '''857''' ◁ ''p''. If 7 ◁ ''y'', then '''877''' ◁ ''p''. If 8 ◁ ''y'', then '''887''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''y'' ∈ {0}, and thus ''p'' ∈ 8{0}7. But then, since the sum of the digits of ''p'' is 15, ''p'' is divisible by 3, so ''p'' cannot be prime.

Case 4: ''p'' ends with 9.

In this case we can write ''p'' = ''x''9. If ''x'' contains 1, 2, 5, 7, or 8, then (respectively) '''19''' ◁ ''p'', '''29''' ◁ ''p'', '''59''' ◁ ''p'', '''79''' ◁ ''p'', or '''89''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume all digits of ''x'' are 0, 3, 4, 6, or 9.

If 44 ◁ ''x'', then '''449''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''x'' contains zero or one 4's.

If x contains no 4's, then all digits of ''x'' are 0, 3, 6, or 9, and thus all digits of ''p'' are 0, 3, 6, or 9. But then, since the digits of ''p'' all have a common factor 3, ''p'' is divisible by 3, so ''p'' cannot be prime. Hence we may assume that ''x'' contains exactly one 4.

Case 4.1: ''p'' begins with 3.

In this case we can write ''p'' = 3''y''4''z''9, where all digits of ''y'', ''z'' are 0, 3, 6, or 9. We must have '''349''' ◁ ''p''.

Case 4.2: ''p'' begins with 4.

In this case we can write ''p'' = 4''y''9, where all digits of ''y'' are 0, 3, 6, or 9. If 0 ◁ ''y'', then '''409''' ◁ ''p''. If 3 ◁ ''y'', then 43 ◁ ''p''. If 9 ◁ ''y'', then '''499''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''y'' ∈ {6}, and thus ''p'' ∈ 4{6}9. But then ''p'' is divisible by 7, since for ''n'' ≥ 0 we have 7 × 6&lt;sub&gt;''n''&lt;/sub&gt;7 = 46&lt;sub&gt;''n''&lt;/sub&gt;9.

Case 4.3: ''p'' begins with 6.

In this case we can write p = 6''y''4''z''9, where all digits of ''y'', ''z'' are 0, 3, 6, or 9. If 0 ◁ ''z'', then 409 ◁ ''p''. If 3 ◁ ''z'', then 43 ◁ ''p''. If 6 ◁ ''z'', then '''6469''' ◁ ''p''. If 9 ◁ ''z'', then 499 ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''z'' is empty.

If 3 ◁ ''y'', then 349 ◁ ''p''. If 9 ◁ ''y'', then '''6949''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume all digits of ''y'' are 0 or 6.

If 06 ◁ ''y'', then '''60649''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''y'' ∈ {6}{0}.

If 666 ◁ ''y'', then '''666649''' ◁ ''p''. If 00000 ◁ ''y'', then '''60000049''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''y'' ∈ {''𝜆'', 0, 00, 000, 0000, 6, 60, 600, 6000, 60000, 66, 660, 6600, 66000, 660000}, and thus ''p'' ∈ {649, 6049, 60049, 600049, 6000049, 6649, 66049, 660049, 6600049, 66000049, 66649, 666049, 6660049, 66600049, 666000049}, and of these numbers only '''66000049''' and '''66600049''' are primes.

Case 4.4: ''p'' begins with 9.

In this case we can write p = 9''y''4''z''9, where all digits of ''y'', ''z'' are 0, 3, 6, or 9. If 0 ◁ ''y'', then '''9049''' ◁ ''p''. If 3 ◁ ''y'', then 349 ◁ ''p''. If 6 ◁ ''y'', then '''9649''' ◁ ''p''. If 9 ◁ ''y'', then '''9949''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''y'' is empty.

If 0 ◁ ''z'', then 409 ◁ ''p''. If 3 ◁ ''z'', then 43 ◁ ''p''. If 9 ◁ ''z'', then 499 ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''z'' ∈ {6}, and thus ''p'' ∈ 94{6}9, and the smallest prime ''p'' ∈ 94{6}9 is 946669.

[[Category:Number theory]]</text>
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      <text bytes="45597" sha1="59j6wvymxl3mv0wbttgo2po00i7vwdp" xml:space="preserve">'''Athena problem''' is an [[:w:List of unsolved problems in mathematics|unsolved problem]] in [[:w:Number theory|number theory]] and [[:w:Formal language theory|formal language theory]] and [[:w:Order theory|order theory]], this problem is named after the ancient Greek goddess [[:w:Athena|Athena]] (which is associated with [[:w:Wisdom|wisdom]]). Athena problem is: Give a [[:w:Natural number|natural number]] ''b'' &gt; 1, find the [[:w:Set (mathematics)|set]] of the [[:w:Minimal element|minimal element]]s of the set of the &quot;[[:w:Prime number|prime number]] [[:w:Greater than|&gt;]] ''b''&quot; [[:w:Numerical digit|digit]] [[:w:String (computer science)|string]]s in the [[:w:Positional numeral system|positional numeral system]] with [[:w:Radix|base]] ''b'' for the [[:w:Subsequence|subsequence]] [[:w:Partially ordered set|ordering]]. (A string ''x'' is a subsequence of another string ''y'', if ''x'' can be obtained from ''y'' by deleting zero or more of the [[:w:Character (computing)|character]]s in ''y''. For example, 514 is a subsequence of 352148, &quot;string&quot; is a subsequence of &quot;meistersinger&quot;. In contrast, 758 is not a subsequence of 378259, &quot;abc&quot; is not a subsequence of &quot;cbacacba&quot;, since the characters must be in the same order) (Unlike [[:w:Substring|substring]], subsequence is not required to occupy consecutive positions within the original sequences, e.g. the [[:w:Longest common subsequence|longest common subsequence problem]] is different from the [[:w:Longest common substring|longest common substring problem]])

Using [[:w:Formal language theory|formal language theory]] terminology, Athena problem is finding the [[:w:Set (mathematics)|set]] of the [[:w:Minimal element|minimal element]]s of the [[:w:Formal language|language]] of base-''b'' [[:w:Representation (mathematics)|representation]]s of the [[:w:Prime number|prime number]]s [[:w:Greater than|&gt;]] ''b'' (which is a set of [[:w:String (computer science)|string]]s of [[:w:Symbol|symbol]]s over the [[:w:Alphabet (formal languages)|alphabet]] ''Σ''&lt;sub&gt;''b''&lt;/sub&gt; := {0, 1, ..., ''b''−1}), under the subsequence ordering (i.e. the [[:w:Binary relation|binary relation]] &quot;is a subsequence of&quot;, which is a [[:w:Partially ordered set|partial ordering]]), for a given natural number ''b'' &gt; 1. (You can draw this ordering as [[:w:Hasse diagram|Hasse diagram]] to find all [[:w:Minimal element|minimal element]]s)

By [[:w:Higman's lemma|Higman's lemma]], there are no [[:w:Infinite set|infinite]] [[:w:Antichain|antichain]]s for the subsequence ordering (i.e. the subsequence ordering is always a [[:w:Well-quasi-ordering|well quasi order]]) (i.e. under the subsequence ordering (i.e. the [[:w:Binary relation|binary relation]] &quot;is a subsequence of&quot;, which is a [[:w:Partially ordered set|partial ordering]]), every set of pairwise incomparable (i.e. not [[:w:Comparability|comparable]]) strings is finite), thus there must be only finitely many such minimal elements. In other words, the set of such minimal elements must be a [[:w:Finite set|finite set]], e.g. in [[:w:Decimal|decimal]] (base ''b'' = 10), this set has exactly 77 [[:w:Element of a set|element]]s: {11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, 97, 227, 251, 257, 277, 281, 349, 409, 449, 499, 521, 557, 577, 587, 727, 757, 787, 821, 827, 857, 877, 881, 887, 991, 2087, 2221, 5051, 5081, 5501, 5581, 5801, 5851, 6469, 6949, 8501, 9001, 9049, 9221, 9551, 9649, 9851, 9949, 20021, 20201, 50207, 60649, 80051, 666649, 946669, 5200007, 22000001, 60000049, 66000049, 66600049, 80555551, 555555555551, 5000000000000000000000000000027}.

For bases 2 ≤ ''b'' ≤ 36, Athena problem is fully solved in bases ''b'' = 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 18, 20, 24, and also solved in bases ''b'' = 11, 13, 16, 22, 30 if [[:w:Probable prime|probable prime]]s are allowed. For the unsolved bases ''b'' = 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 31, 32, 34, 35, 36, Athena problem is solved (if probable primes are allowed) except 771 [[:w:Indexed family|families]] of the form ''x''{''y''}''z'' (where ''x'' and ''z'' are strings (may be [[:w:Empty string|empty]]) of digits in base ''b'', ''y'' is a digit in base ''b'') = sequence {''xz'', ''xyz'', ''xyyz'', ''xyyyz'', ''xyyyyz'', ''xyyyyyz'', ...} (i.e. &quot;''xy''&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;''z''&quot; in [[:w:Regular expression|regular expression]]), all of these 771 families contain no primes &gt; ''b'' or probable primes &gt; ''b'' with length ≤ 100000.

== Results ==

To solve the Athena problem for a given base ''b'', we must [[:w:Computing|compute]] the element up to families of the form ''x''{''y''}''z'' (where ''x'' and ''z'' are strings (may be empty) of digits in base ''b'', ''y'' is a digit in base ''b'') (we call such families ''linear families''), and find the smallest prime &gt; ''b'' in all such families.

Shrinking the family ''x''{''Y''}''z'' (where ''x'' and ''z'' are strings (may be empty) of digits in base ''b'', ''Y'' is a set of digits in base ''b'')

* If ''y'' ∈ ''Y'' and the string ''xyyz'' represents a prime &gt; ''b'' in base ''b'' (in this case, add this prime to the list) or has a subsequence which represents a prime &gt; ''b'' in base ''b'', then ''x''{''Y''}''z'' can be replaced with ''x''{''Y'' \ ''y''}''z'' ∪ ''x''{''Y'' \ ''y''}''y''{''Y'' \ ''y''}''z''.
* If ''y''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; ∈ ''Y'' and ''y''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; ∈ ''Y'' and ''y''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; ≠ ''y''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and the string ''xy''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;''y''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;''z'' represents a prime &gt; ''b'' in base ''b'' (in this case, add this prime to the list) or has a subsequence which represents a prime &gt; ''b'' in base ''b'', then ''x''{''Y''}''z'' can be replaced with ''x''{''Y'' \ ''y''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;}{''Y'' \ ''y''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;}''z''.
* If ''y''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; ∈ ''Y'' and ''y''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; ∈ ''Y'' and ''y''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; ≠ ''y''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and both the strings ''xy''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;''y''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;''z'' and ''xy''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;''y''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;''z'' represent a prime &gt; ''b'' in base ''b'' (in this case, add this prime to the list) or have a subsequence which represents a prime &gt; ''b'' in base ''b'', then ''x''{''Y''}''z'' can be replaced with ''x''{''Y'' \ ''y''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;}''z'' ∪ ''x''{''Y'' \ ''y''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;}''z''.

e.g. in decimal (base ''b'' = 10):

* 2221 is a prime &gt; 10, thus the family 2{0,2}1 splits into the two families 2{0}1 and 2{0}2{0}1.
* 227 is a prime &gt; 10, and it is a subsequence of 5227, thus the family 5{0,2}7 splits into the two families 5{0}7 and 5{0}2{0}7.
* 449 is a prime &gt; 10, and it is a subsequence of 6449, thus the family 6{0,3,4,6,9}9 splits into the two families 6{0,3,6,9}9 and 6{0,3,6,9}4{0,3,6,9}9.
* Both 5051 and 5501 are primes &gt; 10, thus the family 5{0,5}1 splits into the two families 5{0}1 and 5{5}1 = {5}1.
* 8501 is a prime &gt; 10, thus the family 8{0,5}1 splits into the family 8{0}{5}1.
* 887 is a prime &gt; 10, and it is a subsequence of 2887, also 2087 is a prime &gt; 10, thus the family 2{0,8}7 splits into the two families 2{0}7 and 28{0}7.
* 349 and 449 are primes &gt; 10, and they are subsequences of 9349 and 9449, respectively, also 9049, 9649, 9949 are primes &gt; 10, thus the family 9{0,3,4,6,9}9 splits into the two families 9{0,3,6,9}9 and 94{0,3,6,9}9.
* 251, 281, 521, 821, 881 are primes &gt; 10, and they are subsequences of 9251, 9281, 9521, 9821, 9881, respectively, also 9001, 9221, 9551, 9851 are primes &gt; 10, thus the family 9{0,2,5,8}1 splits into the numbers {91, 901, 921, 951, 981, 9021, 9051, 9081, 9201, 9501, 9581, 9801, 90581, 95081, 95801}.

If the methods we have discussed cannot be used to rule out or shrink ''x''{''Y''}''z'' where ''Y'' = {''y''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;, ''y''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, ..., ''y''&lt;sub&gt;''n''&lt;/sub&gt;}, then we can replace ''x''{''Y''}''z'' by ''xy''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;{''Y''}''z'' ∪ ''xy''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;{''Y''}''z'' ∪ ... ∪ ''xy''&lt;sub&gt;''n''&lt;/sub&gt;{''Y''}''z'' and re-run the methods on this new [[:w:Formal language|language]].

If all remain families are linear families (i.e. of the form ''x''{''y''}''z'', where ''x'' and ''z'' are strings (may be empty) of digits in base ''b'', ''y'' is a digit in base ''b''), then we search the smallest (probable) primes in these families and add these primes to the list.

e.g. in decimal (base ''b'' = 10):

* The smallest prime in the family 5{0}27 is 5000000000000000000000000000027.
* The smallest prime in the family {5}1 is 555555555551.
* The smallest prime in the family 8{5}1 is 8555555555555555555551, but 8555555555555555555551 is not a minimal element since 555555555551 is a subsequence of 8555555555555555555551.

There is no guarantee that the techniques discussed will ever terminate, but in practice they often do. They are able to determine the set of the minimal elements in base ''b'' for 2 ≤ ''b'' ≤ 16 and ''b'' = 18, 20, 22, 24, 30. The bases ''b'' = 17, 19, 21, 23, 25 ≤ ''b'' ≤ 29, 31 ≤ ''b'' ≤ 36 are solved with the exception of 771 families of the form ''x''{''y''}''z'' (where ''x'' and ''z'' are strings (may be empty) of digits in base ''b'', ''y'' is a digit in base ''b'').

The following is a &quot;[[:w:Semi-algorithm|semi-algorithm]]&quot; that is guaranteed to solve the Athena problem for a given base ''b'', but it is not so easy to implement:

# ''M'' = ''[[:w:Empty string|∅]]''
# while (''L'' ≠ ''∅'') do
# choose ''x'', a shortest string in ''L''
# ''M'' := ''M'' ∪ {''x''}
# ''L'' := ''L'' − ''sup''({''x''})

In practice, for arbitrary ''L'', we cannot feasibly carry out step 5. Instead, we work with ''L''&amp;#39;, some regular overapproximation to ''L'', until we can show ''L''&amp;#39; = ''∅'' (which implies ''L'' = ''∅''). In practice, ''L''&amp;#39; is usually chosen to be a finite [[:w:Union (set theory)|union]] of sets of the form ''L''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;{''L''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;}''L''&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;, where each of ''L''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;, ''L''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, ''L''&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; is finite. In the case we consider in this project, we then have to determine whether such a family contains a prime or not.

Thus, Athena problem in bases ''b'' around 500 may be [[:w:NP-complete|NP-complete]] or [[:w:NP-hard|NP-hard]], or an [[:w:Undecidable problem|undecidable problem]], or an example of [[:w:Gödel's incompleteness theorems|Gödel's incompleteness theorems]] (like the [[:w:Continuum hypothesis|continuum hypothesis]] and the [[:w:Halting problem|halting problem]]).

To solve the Athena problem, we need to determine whether a given family contains a prime. In practice, if family ''x''{''Y''}''z'' (where ''x'' and ''z'' are strings (may be empty) of digits in base ''b'', ''Y'' is a set of digits in base ''b'') could not be ruled out as only containing composites and ''Y'' contains two or more digits, then a relatively small prime &gt; ''b'' could always be found in this family. Intuitively, this is because there are a large number of small strings in such a family, and at least one is likely to be prime (e.g. there are 2&lt;sup&gt;''n''−2&lt;/sup&gt; strings of length ''n'' in the family 1{3,7}9, and there are over a thousand strings of length 12 in the family 1{3,7}9, thus it is very impossible that these numbers are all composite). In the case ''Y'' contains only one digit, this family is of the form ''x''{''y''}''z'', and there is only a single string of each length &gt; (the length of ''x'' + the length of ''z''), and it is not known if the following [[:w:Decision problem|decision problem]] is recursively solvable (just like [[:w:Sierpiński number|Sierpiński problem]] and [[:w:Riesel number|Riesel problem]], Sierpiński problem and Riesel problem can be generalized to other bases ''b'', in fact, Athena problem in base ''b'' covers the Sierpiński problem in base ''b'' and the Riesel problem in base ''b'' with ''k'' &lt; ''b'', i.e. finding the smallest prime of the form ''k''×''b''&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;+1 and ''k''×''b''&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;−1 (or prove such prime does not exist) with ''k'' &lt; ''b'', since the smallest prime of the form ''k''×''b''&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;+1 and ''k''×''b''&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;−1 (if exists) must be a minimal element in base ''b''):

Problem: Given strings ''x'', ''z'' (may be empty), a digit ''y'', and a base ''b'' (''x'' does not [[:w:Leading zero|start with the digit 0]], ''z'' ends with a digit which [[:w:Coprime integers|coprime]] to ''b'', ''y'' is not 0 if ''x'' is empty, ''y'' is coprime to ''b'' if ''z'' is empty), does there exist a prime number whose base-''b'' expansion is of the form ''xy''&lt;sub&gt;''n''&lt;/sub&gt;''z'' for some ''n'' ≥ 0?

Some families can be ruled out to contain no prime &gt; ''b'' by [[:w:Covering set|covering congruence]], [[:w:Factorization of polynomials|algebraic factorization]] (e.g. [[:w:Difference of two squares|difference of two squares]], [[:w:Sum of two cubes|sum of two cubes]], [[:w:Sophie Germain's identity|Sophie Germain's identity of ''x''&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;+4×''y''&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;]]), or combine of them, e.g.

* The base 9 family 2{7}: Always divisible by 2 or 5
* The base 16 family {8}F: Always divisible by 3, 7, or 13
* The base 21 family {7}D: Always divisible by 2, 13, or 17
* The base 23 family {D}GA: Always divisible by 2, 5, 7, 37, or 79
* The base 9 family 3{8}: Can be written as 4×9&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;−1 and can be factored as (2×3&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;−1) × (2×3&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;+1)
* The base 8 family 1{0}1: Can be written as 8&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;+1 and can be factored as (2&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;+1) × (4&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;−2&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;+1)
* The base 16 family {4}1: Can be written as (4×16&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;−49)/15 and can be factored as (2×3&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;−7) × (2×3&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;+7) / 15
* The base 16 family {C}D: Can be written as (4×16&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;+1)/5 and can be factored as (2×4&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;−2×2&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;+1) × (2×4&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;+2×2&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;+1) / 5
* The base 14 family 8{D}: Can be written as 9×14&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;−1, it is divisible by 5 if ''n'' is odd and can be factored as (3×14&lt;sup&gt;''n''/2&lt;/sup&gt;−1) × (3×14&lt;sup&gt;''n''/2&lt;/sup&gt;+1) if ''n'' is even
* The base 12 family {B}9B: Can be written as 12&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;−25, it is divisible by 13 if ''n'' is odd and can be factored as (12&lt;sup&gt;''n''/2&lt;/sup&gt;−5) × (12&lt;sup&gt;''n''/2&lt;/sup&gt;+5) if ''n'' is even
* The base 17 family 1{9}: Can be written as (25×17&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;−9)/16, it is divisible by 2 if ''n'' is odd and can be factored as (5×17&lt;sup&gt;''n''/2&lt;/sup&gt;−3) × (5×17&lt;sup&gt;''n''/2&lt;/sup&gt;+3) / 16 if ''n'' is even
* The base 19 family 1{6}: Can be written as (4×19&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;−1)/3, it is divisible by 5 if ''n'' is odd and can be factored as (2×19&lt;sup&gt;''n''/2&lt;/sup&gt;−1) × (2×19&lt;sup&gt;''n''/2&lt;/sup&gt;+1) / 3 if ''n'' is even

By the [[:w:Prime number theorem|prime number theorem]], the [[:w:Probability|chance]] that a [[:w:Random number|random]] ''n''-digit base ''b'' number is prime is [[:w:Asymptotic analysis|approximately]] 1/''n'' (more accurately, the chance is approximately 1/(''n''×''ln''(''b'')), where ''ln'' is the [[:w:Natural logarithm|natural logarithm]]). If one conjectures the numbers ''x''{''y''}''z'' behave similarly (i.e. the numbers ''x''{''y''}''z'' is a [[:w:Pseudorandomness|pseudorandom sequence]]) you would expect [[:w:Harmonic_series (mathematics)|1/1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + 1/4 + ... = ∞]] primes of the form ''x''{''y''}''z'' (of course, this does not always happen, since some ''x''{''y''}''z'' families can be ruled out to contain no prime &gt; ''b'' (by covering congruence, algebraic factorization, or combine of them), but it is at least a reasonable conjecture in the absence of evidence to the contrary. Hence, the [[:w:Heuristic argument|heuristic argument]] suggests there are always infinitely many primes in family ''x''{''y''}''z'' (where ''x'' and ''z'' are strings (may be empty) of digits in base ''b'', ''y'' is a digit in base ''b'') if it cannot be ruled out to contain no prime or only contain finitely many primes, by covering congruence, algebraic factorization, or combine of them. However, some families ''x''{''y''}''z'' could not be proven to contain no primes &gt; ''b'' (by covering congruence, algebraic factorization, or combine of them) but no primes &gt; ''b'' could be found in the family, even after searching through numbers with over 100000 digits. In such a case, the only way to proceed is to [[:w:Primality test|test the primality]] of larger and larger numbers of such form and hope a prime is eventually discovered. e.g. the smallest (probable) prime in the family A{3}A in base ''b'' = 13 is A3&lt;sub&gt;592197&lt;/sub&gt;A, which written in decimal contains 659677 digits (it is only probable prime, i.e. not definitely prime).

== Data ==

These are the results of the Athena problem in bases 2 ≤ ''b'' ≤ 36 (we stop at base 36 since this base is the maximum base for which it is possible to write the numbers with the [[:w:Symbol|symbol]]s 0, 1, 2, ..., 9 and A, B, C, ..., Z (i.e. the 10 [[:w:Arabic numerals|Arabic numerals]] and the 26 [[:w:Latin script|Latin letters]]): (some large primes are only probable primes, i.e. not definitely primes, since they are too large to be [[:w:Elliptic curve primality|ECPP proved]] and [[:w:Pocklington primality test#Extensions and variants|neither ''N''−1 nor ''N''+1 can be ≥ 1/3 factored]], all of them pass the [[:w:Baillie–PSW primality test|Baillie–PSW primality test]] and the [[:w:Strong pseudoprime|strong primality test]] (i.e. the [[:w:Miller–Rabin primality test|Miller–Rabin primality test]]) with all prime bases ''p'' ≤ 61, however, all primes &lt; 10&lt;sup&gt;25000&lt;/sup&gt; for bases ''b'' = 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 36 are definitely primes, most of them &gt; 10&lt;sup&gt;299&lt;/sup&gt; are proven primes with [[:w:Elliptic curve primality|ECPP proving]], others &gt; 10&lt;sup&gt;299&lt;/sup&gt; are proven primes with [[:w:Pocklington primality test#Extensions and variants|''N''−1 or ''N''+1 proving]])

All numbers are written in base ''b'', [[:w:Senary#Base 36 as senary compression|using A to Z to represent digit values 10 to 35]], &quot;{}&quot; means repeating, e.g. family 12{3}45 means the sequence {1245, 12345, 123345, 1233345, 12333345, 123333345, ...} (where the members are expressed as base ''b'' strings), subscripts are used to indicate repetitions of digits, e.g. 123&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;567 means 123333567 (all subscripts are written in decimal).

Base 2: 1 prime (the largest of which has 2 digits): {11}

Base 3: 3 primes (the largest of which has 3 digits): {12, 21, 111}

Base 4: 5 primes (the largest of which has 3 digits): {11, 13, 23, 31, 221}

Base 5: 22 primes (the largest of which has 96 digits): {12, 21, 23, 32, 34, 43, 104, 111, 131, 133, 313, 401, 414, 3101, 10103, 14444, 30301, 33001, 33331, 44441, 300031, 100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000013}

Base 6: 11 primes (the largest of which has 5 digits): {11, 15, 21, 25, 31, 35, 45, 51, 4401, 4441, 40041}

Base 7: 71 primes (the largest of which has 17 digits): {14, 16, 23, 25, 32, 41, 43, 52, 56, 61, 65, 113, 115, 131, 133, 155, 212, 221, 304, 313, 335, 344, 346, 364, 445, 515, 533, 535, 544, 551, 553, 1022, 1051, 1112, 1202, 1211, 1222, 2111, 3031, 3055, 3334, 3503, 3505, 3545, 4504, 4555, 5011, 5455, 5545, 5554, 6034, 6634, 11111, 11201, 30011, 30101, 31001, 31111, 33001, 33311, 35555, 40054, 100121, 150001, 300053, 351101, 531101, 1100021, 33333301, 5100000001, 33333333333333331}

Base 8: 75 primes (the largest of which has 221 digits): {13, 15, 21, 23, 27, 35, 37, 45, 51, 53, 57, 65, 73, 75, 107, 111, 117, 141, 147, 161, 177, 225, 255, 301, 343, 361, 401, 407, 417, 431, 433, 463, 467, 471, 631, 643, 661, 667, 701, 711, 717, 747, 767, 3331, 3411, 4043, 4443, 4611, 5205, 6007, 6101, 6441, 6477, 6707, 6777, 7461, 7641, 47777, 60171, 60411, 60741, 444641, 500025, 505525, 3344441, 4444477, 5500525, 5550525, 55555025, 444444441, 744444441, 77774444441, 7777777777771, 555555555555525, 44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444447}

Base 9: 151 primes (the largest of which has 1161 digits): {12, 14, 18, 21, 25, 32, 34, 41, 45, 47, 52, 58, 65, 67, 74, 78, 81, 87, 117, 131, 135, 151, 155, 175, 177, 238, 272, 308, 315, 331, 337, 355, 371, 375, 377, 438, 504, 515, 517, 531, 537, 557, 564, 601, 638, 661, 702, 711, 722, 735, 737, 751, 755, 757, 771, 805, 838, 1011, 1015, 1101, 1701, 2027, 2207, 3017, 3057, 3101, 3501, 3561, 3611, 3688, 3868, 5035, 5051, 5071, 5101, 5501, 5554, 5705, 5707, 7017, 7075, 7105, 7301, 8535, 8544, 8555, 8854, 20777, 22227, 22777, 30161, 33388, 50161, 50611, 53335, 55111, 55535, 55551, 57061, 57775, 70631, 71007, 77207, 100037, 100071, 100761, 105007, 270707, 301111, 305111, 333035, 333385, 333835, 338885, 350007, 500075, 530005, 555611, 631111, 720707, 2770007, 3030335, 7776662, 30300005, 30333335, 38333335, 51116111, 70000361, 300030005, 300033305, 351111111, 1300000007, 5161111111, 8333333335, 300000000035, 311111111161, 544444444444, 2000000000007, 5700000000001, 7270000000007, 88888888833335, 100000000000507, 5111111111111161, 7277777777777777707, 8888888888888888888335, 30000000000000000000051, 1000000000000000000000000057, 56111111111111111111111111111111111111, 7666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666662, 27777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777707, 300000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011}

Base 10: 77 primes (the largest of which has 31 digits): {11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, 97, 227, 251, 257, 277, 281, 349, 409, 449, 499, 521, 557, 577, 587, 727, 757, 787, 821, 827, 857, 877, 881, 887, 991, 2087, 2221, 5051, 5081, 5501, 5581, 5801, 5851, 6469, 6949, 8501, 9001, 9049, 9221, 9551, 9649, 9851, 9949, 20021, 20201, 50207, 60649, 80051, 666649, 946669, 5200007, 22000001, 60000049, 66000049, 66600049, 80555551, 555555555551, 5000000000000000000000000000027}

Base 11: 1068 primes (including 1 unproven probable prime: 57&lt;sub&gt;62668&lt;/sub&gt;), the largest of which has 62669 digits, see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel11 Data of Athena problem base 11]

Base 12: 106 primes (the largest of which has 42 digits): {11, 15, 17, 1B, 25, 27, 31, 35, 37, 3B, 45, 4B, 51, 57, 5B, 61, 67, 6B, 75, 81, 85, 87, 8B, 91, 95, A7, AB, B5, B7, 221, 241, 2A1, 2B1, 2BB, 401, 421, 447, 471, 497, 565, 655, 665, 701, 70B, 721, 747, 771, 77B, 797, 7A1, 7BB, 907, 90B, 9BB, A41, B21, B2B, 2001, 200B, 202B, 222B, 229B, 292B, 299B, 4441, 4707, 4777, 6A05, 6AA5, 729B, 7441, 7B41, 929B, 9777, 992B, 9947, 997B, 9997, A0A1, A201, A605, A6A5, AA65, B001, B0B1, BB01, BB41, 600A5, 7999B, 9999B, AAAA1, B04A1, B0B9B, BAA01, BAAA1, BB09B, BBBB1, 44AAA1, A00065, BBBAA1, AAA0001, B00099B, AA000001, BBBBBB99B, B0000000000000000000000000009B, 400000000000000000000000000000000000000077}

Base 13: 3197 primes (including 4 unproven probable primes: C5&lt;sub&gt;23755&lt;/sub&gt;C, 80&lt;sub&gt;32017&lt;/sub&gt;111, 95&lt;sub&gt;197420&lt;/sub&gt;, A3&lt;sub&gt;592197&lt;/sub&gt;A), the largest of which has 592199 digits, see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel13 Data of Athena problem base 13]

Base 14: 650 primes, the largest of which has 19699 digits, see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel14 Data of Athena problem base 14]

Base 15: 1284 primes, the largest of which has 157 digits, see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel15 Data of Athena problem base 15]

Base 16: 2347 primes (including 3 unproven probable primes: DB&lt;sub&gt;32234&lt;/sub&gt;, 4&lt;sub&gt;72785&lt;/sub&gt;DD, 3&lt;sub&gt;116137&lt;/sub&gt;AF), the largest of which has 116139 digits, see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel16 Data of Athena problem base 16]

Base 17: 10415 known primes (including many unproven probable primes) and 12 unsolved families (1{7}, 1F{0}7, 4{7}A, 70F{0}D, 8{B}9, 9{5}9, A{D}F, B{0}B3, {B}E9, {B}EE, F1{9}, FD0{D}, no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 200000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel17 Data of Athena problem base 17] and [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/left17 Data of unsolved families for base 17]

Base 18: 549 primes, the largest of which has 6271 digits, see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel18 Data of Athena problem base 18]

Base 19: 31417 known primes (including many unproven probable primes) and 17 unsolved families (4B5{0}H, {5}3, 5{H}05, 5{H}0H, 5{H}5, 66{B}, 71{0}177, 7AF{0}H, 97{0}3, C{H}C, EE1{6}, F{7}5, F{B}G, F{D}F, H0F{0}7A, HB{0}5B5, II{D}, no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 200000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel19 Data of Athena problem base 19] and [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/left19 Data of unsolved families for base 19]

Base 20: 3314 primes, the largest of which has 6271 digits, see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel20 Data of Athena problem base 20]

Base 21: 13386 known primes (including many unproven probable primes) and 8 unsolved families (5{0}DJ, {9}D, B3{0}EB, B{H}6H, C{F}0K, {F}35, G{0}FK, H{0}7771, no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 200000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel21 Data of Athena problem base 21] and [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/left21 Data of unsolved families for base 21]

Base 22: 8003 primes (including 1 unproven probable prime: BK&lt;sub&gt;22001&lt;/sub&gt;5), the largest of which has 22003 digits, see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel22 Data of Athena problem base 22]

Base 23: 65178 known primes (including many unproven probable primes) and 87 unsolved families (no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 100000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel23 Data of Athena problem base 23] and [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/left23 Data of unsolved families for base 23]

Base 24: 3409 primes, the largest of which has 8134 digits, see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel24 Data of Athena problem base 24]

Base 25: 133639 known primes (including many unproven probable primes) and 85 unsolved families (no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 100000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel25 Data of Athena problem base 25] and [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/left25 Data of unsolved families for base 25]

Base 26: 25256 known primes (including 7 unproven probable primes: 5&lt;sub&gt;19391&lt;/sub&gt;6F, 7&lt;sub&gt;20279&lt;/sub&gt;OL, LD0&lt;sub&gt;20975&lt;/sub&gt;7, 6K&lt;sub&gt;23300&lt;/sub&gt;5, J0&lt;sub&gt;44303&lt;/sub&gt;KCB, M0&lt;sub&gt;61186&lt;/sub&gt;2BB, 85M&lt;sub&gt;197060&lt;/sub&gt;B) and 3 unsolved families ({A}6F, {H}MH, {I}GL, no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 200000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel26 Data of Athena problem base 26]

Base 27: 102852 known primes (including many unproven probable primes) and 44 unsolved families (no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 100000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel27 Data of Athena problem base 27] and [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/left27 Data of unsolved families for base 27]

Base 28: 25528 known primes (including 3 unproven probable primes: N6&lt;sub&gt;24051&lt;/sub&gt;LR, 5OA&lt;sub&gt;31238&lt;/sub&gt;F, O4O&lt;sub&gt;94535&lt;/sub&gt;9) and 1 unsolved family (O{A}F, no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 709070, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel28 Data of Athena problem base 28]

Base 29: 355242 known primes (including many unproven probable primes) and 125 unsolved families (no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 100000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel29 Data of Athena problem base 29] and [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/left29 Data of unsolved families for base 29]

Base 30: 2619 primes (including 1 unproven probable prime: I0&lt;sub&gt;24608&lt;/sub&gt;D), the largest of which has 34206 digits, see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel30 Data of Athena problem base 30]

Base 31: 569323 known primes (including many unproven probable primes) and 77 unsolved families (no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 100000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel31 Data of Athena problem base 31] and [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/left31 Data of unsolved families for base 31]

Base 32: 168882 known primes (including many unproven probable primes) and 120 unsolved families (no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 100000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel32 Data of Athena problem base 32] and [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/left32 Data of unsolved families for base 32]

Base 33: 280012 known primes (including many unproven probable primes) and 81 unsolved families (no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 100000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel33 Data of Athena problem base 33] and [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/left33 Data of unsolved families for base 33]

Base 34: 184785 known primes (including many unproven probable primes) and 47 unsolved families (no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 100000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel34 Data of Athena problem base 34] and [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/left34 Data of unsolved families for base 34]

Base 35: 720002 known primes (including many unproven probable primes) and 60 unsolved families (no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 100000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel35 Data of Athena problem base 35] and [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/left35 Data of unsolved families for base 35]

Base 36: 35286 known primes (including 3 unproven probable primes: 7K&lt;sub&gt;26567&lt;/sub&gt;Z, S0&lt;sub&gt;75007&lt;/sub&gt;8H, P&lt;sub&gt;81993&lt;/sub&gt;SZ) and 4 unsolved families (B{0}EUV, HM{0}N, N{0}YYN, O{L}Z, no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 200000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel36 Data of Athena problem base 36]

== The fully proof of Athena problem in decimal (base ''b'' = 10) ==

'''Bold''' for the minimal elements, ''x'' ◁ ''y'' means ''x'' is a subsequence of ''y''.

Assume ''p'' is a prime &gt; 10, and the last digit of ''p'' must lie in {1,3,7,9}.

Case 1: ''p'' ends with 1.

In this case we can write ''p'' = ''x''1. If ''x'' contains 1, 3, 4, 6, or 7, then (respectively) '''11''' ◁ ''p'', '''31''' ◁ ''p'', '''41''' ◁ ''p'', '''61''' ◁ ''p'', or '''71''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume all digits of ''x'' are 0, 2, 5, 8, or 9.

Case 1.1: ''p'' begins with 2.

In this case we can write ''p'' = 2''y''1. If 5 ◁ ''y'', then '''251''' ◁ ''p''. If 8 ◁ ''y'', then '''281''' ◁ ''p''. If 9 ◁ ''y'', then 29 ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume all digits of ''y'' are 0 or 2.

If 22 ◁ ''y'', then '''2221''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''y'' contains zero or one 2's.

If ''y'' contains no 2's, then ''p'' ∈ 2{0}1. But then, since the sum of the digits of ''p'' is 3, ''p'' is divisible by 3, so ''p'' cannot be prime.

If ''y'' contains exactly one 2, then we can write ''p'' = 2''z''2''w''1, where ''z'',''w'' ∈ {0}. If 0 ◁ ''z'' and 0 ◁ ''w'', then '''20201''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume either ''z'' or ''w'' is empty.

If ''z'' is empty, then ''p'' ∈ 22{0}1, and the smallest prime ''p'' ∈ 22{0}1 is '''22000001'''.

If ''w'' is empty, then ''p'' ∈ 2{0}21, and the smallest prime ''p'' ∈ 2{0}21 is '''20021'''.

Case 1.2: ''p'' begins with 5.

In this case we can write ''p'' = 5''y''1. If 2 ◁ ''y'', then '''521''' ◁ ''p''. If 9 ◁ ''y'', then 59 ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume all digits of ''y'' are 0, 5, or 8.

If 05 ◁ ''y'', then '''5051''' ◁ ''p''. If 08 ◁ ''y'', then '''5081''' ◁ ''p''. If 50 ◁ ''y'', then '''5501''' ◁ ''p''. If 58 ◁ ''y'', then '''5581''' ◁ ''p''. If 80 ◁ ''y'', then '''5801''' ◁ ''p''. If 85 ◁ ''y'', then '''5851''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''y'' ∈ {0} ∪ {5} ∪ {8}.

If ''y'' ∈ {0}, then ''p'' ∈ 5{0}1. But then, since the sum of the digits of ''p'' is 6, ''p'' is divisible by 3, so ''p'' cannot be prime.

If ''y'' ∈ {5}, then ''p'' ∈ 5{5}1, and the smallest prime ''p'' ∈ 5{5}1 is '''555555555551'''.

If ''y'' ∈ {8}, since if 88 ◁ ''y'', then 881 ◁ ''p'', hence we may assume ''y'' ∈ {''𝜆'',8}, and thus ''p'' ∈ {51,581}, but 51 and 581 are both composite.

Case 1.3: ''p'' begins with 8.

In this case we can write p = 8''y''1. If 2 ◁ ''y'', then '''821''' ◁ ''p''. If 8 ◁ ''y'', then '''881''' ◁ ''p''. If 9 ◁ ''y'', then 89 ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume all digits of ''y'' are 0 or 5.

If 50 ◁ ''y'', then '''8501''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume y ∈ {0}{5}.

If 005 ◁ ''y'', then '''80051''' ◁ p. Hence we may assume y ∈ {0} ∪ {5} ∪ 0{5}.

If y ∈ {0}, then ''p'' ∈ 8{0}1. But then, since the sum of the digits of ''p'' is 9, ''p'' is divisible by 3, so ''p'' cannot be prime.

If y ∈ {5}, since if 55555555555 ◁ ''y'', then 555555555551 ◁ ''p'', hence we may assume ''y'' ∈ {''𝜆'', 5, 55, 555, 5555, 55555, 555555, 5555555, 55555555, 555555555, 5555555555}, and thus ''p'' ∈ {81, 851, 8551, 85551, 855551, 8555551, 85555551, 855555551, 8555555551, 85555555551, 855555555551}, but all of these numbers are composite.

If y ∈ 0{5}, since if 55555555555 ◁ ''y'', then 555555555551 ◁ ''p'', hence we may assume ''y'' ∈ {0, 05, 055, 0555, 05555, 055555, 0555555, 05555555, 055555555, 0555555555, 05555555555}, and thus ''p'' ∈ {801, 8051, 80551, 805551, 8055551, 80555551, 805555551, 8055555551, 80555555551, 805555555551, 8055555555551}, and of these numbers only 80555551 and 8055555551 are primes, but 80555551 ◁ 8055555551, thus only '''80555551''' is a minimal element.

Case 1.4: ''p'' begins with 9.

In this case we can write p = 9''y''1. If 9 ◁ ''y'', then '''991''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume all digits of ''y'' are 0, 2, 5, or 8.

If 00 ◁ ''y'', then '''9001''' ◁ ''p''. If 22 ◁ ''y'', then '''9221''' ◁ ''p''. If 55 ◁ ''y'', then '''9551''' ◁ ''p''. If 88 ◁ ''y'', then 881 ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''y'' contains at most one 0, at most one 2, at most one 5, and at most one 8.

If ''y'' only contains at most one 0 and does not contain any of {2,5,8}, then ''y'' ∈ {''𝜆'',0}, and thus ''p'' ∈ {91,901}, but 91 and 901 are both composite. If ''y'' only contains at most one 0 and only one of {2,5,8}, then the sum of the digits of ''p'' is divisible by 3, ''p'' is divisible by 3, so ''p'' cannot be prime. Hence we may assume ''y'' contains at least two of {2,5,8}.

If 25 ◁ ''y'', then 251 ◁ ''p''. If 28 ◁ ''y'', then 281 ◁ ''p''. If 52 ◁ ''y'', then 521 ◁ ''p''. If 82 ◁ ''y'', then 821 ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''y'' contains no 2's (since if ''y'' contains 2, then ''y'' cannot contain either 5's or 8's, which is a contradiction).

If 85 ◁ ''y'', then '''9851''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''y'' ∈ {58,580,508,058}, and thus ''p'' ∈ {9581,95801,95081,90581}, and of these numbers only 95801 is prime, but 95801 is not a minimal element since 5801 ◁ 95801.

Case 2: ''p'' ends with 3.

In this case we can write p = ''x''3. If ''x'' contains 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, or 8, then (respectively) '''13''' ◁ ''p'', '''23''' ◁ ''p'', '''43''' ◁ ''p'', '''53''' ◁ ''p'', '''73''' ◁ ''p'', or '''83''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume all digits of ''x'' are 0, 3, 6, or 9, and thus all digits of ''p'' are 0, 3, 6, or 9. But then, since the digits of ''p'' all have a common factor 3, ''p'' is divisible by 3, so ''p'' cannot be prime.

Case 3: ''p'' ends with 7.

In this case we can write ''p'' = ''x''7. If ''x'' contains 1, 3, 4, 6, or 9, then (respectively) '''17''' ◁ ''p'', '''37''' ◁ ''p'', '''47''' ◁ ''p'', '''67''' ◁ ''p'', or '''97''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume all digits of ''x'' are 0, 2, 5, 7, or 8.

Case 3.1: ''p'' begins with 2.

In this case we can write ''p'' = 2''y''7. If 2 ◁ ''y'', then '''227''' ◁ ''p''. If 5 ◁ ''y'', then '''257''' ◁ ''p''. If 7 ◁ ''y'', then '''277''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume all digits of ''y'' are 0 or 8.

If 08 ◁ ''y'', then '''2087''' ◁ ''p''. If 88 ◁ ''y'', then 887 ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''y'' ∈ {0} ∪ 8{0}.

If ''y'' ∈ {0}, then ''p'' ∈ 2{0}7. But then, since the sum of the digits of ''p'' is 9, ''p'' is divisible by 3, so ''p'' cannot be prime.

If y ∈ 8{0}, then ''p'' ∈ 28{0}7. But then ''p'' is divisible by 7, since for ''n'' ≥ 0 we have 7 × 40&lt;sub&gt;''n''&lt;/sub&gt;1 = 280&lt;sub&gt;''n''&lt;/sub&gt;7.

Case 3.2: ''p'' begins with 5.

In this case we can write ''p'' = 5''y''7. If 5 ◁ ''y'', then '''557''' ◁ ''p''. If 7 ◁ ''y'', then '''577''' ◁ ''p''. If 8 ◁ ''y'', then '''587''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume all digits of ''y'' are 0 or 2.

If 22 ◁ ''y'', then 227 ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''y'' contains zero or one 2's.

If ''y'' contains no 2's, then ''p'' ∈ 5{0}7. But then, since the sum of the digits of ''p'' is 12, ''p'' is divisible by 3, so ''p'' cannot be prime.

If ''y'' contains exactly one 2, then we can write ''p'' = 5''z''2''w''7, where ''z'',''w'' ∈ {0}. If 0 ◁ ''z'' and 0 ◁ ''w'', then '''50207''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume either ''z'' or ''w'' is empty.

If ''z'' is empty, then ''p'' ∈ 52{0}7, and the smallest prime ''p'' ∈ 52{0}7 is '''5200007'''.

If ''w'' is empty, then ''p'' ∈ 5{0}27, and the smallest prime ''p'' ∈ 5{0}27 is '''5000000000000000000000000000027'''.

Case 3.3: ''p'' begins with 7.

In this case we can write ''p'' = 7''y''7. If 2 ◁ ''y'', then '''727''' ◁ ''p''. If 5 ◁ ''y'', then '''757''' ◁ ''p''. If 8 ◁ ''y'', then '''787''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume all digits of ''y'' are 0 or 7, and thus all digits of ''p'' are 0 or 7. But then, since the digits of ''p'' all have a common factor 7, ''p'' is divisible by 7, so ''p'' cannot be prime.

Case 3.4: ''p'' begins with 8.

In this case we can write ''p'' = 8''y''7. If 2 ◁ ''y'', then '''827''' ◁ ''p''. If 5 ◁ ''y'', then '''857''' ◁ ''p''. If 7 ◁ ''y'', then '''877''' ◁ ''p''. If 8 ◁ ''y'', then '''887''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''y'' ∈ {0}, and thus ''p'' ∈ 8{0}7. But then, since the sum of the digits of ''p'' is 15, ''p'' is divisible by 3, so ''p'' cannot be prime.

Case 4: ''p'' ends with 9.

In this case we can write ''p'' = ''x''9. If ''x'' contains 1, 2, 5, 7, or 8, then (respectively) '''19''' ◁ ''p'', '''29''' ◁ ''p'', '''59''' ◁ ''p'', '''79''' ◁ ''p'', or '''89''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume all digits of ''x'' are 0, 3, 4, 6, or 9.

If 44 ◁ ''x'', then '''449''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''x'' contains zero or one 4's.

If x contains no 4's, then all digits of ''x'' are 0, 3, 6, or 9, and thus all digits of ''p'' are 0, 3, 6, or 9. But then, since the digits of ''p'' all have a common factor 3, ''p'' is divisible by 3, so ''p'' cannot be prime. Hence we may assume that ''x'' contains exactly one 4.

Case 4.1: ''p'' begins with 3.

In this case we can write ''p'' = 3''y''4''z''9, where all digits of ''y'', ''z'' are 0, 3, 6, or 9. We must have '''349''' ◁ ''p''.

Case 4.2: ''p'' begins with 4.

In this case we can write ''p'' = 4''y''9, where all digits of ''y'' are 0, 3, 6, or 9. If 0 ◁ ''y'', then '''409''' ◁ ''p''. If 3 ◁ ''y'', then 43 ◁ ''p''. If 9 ◁ ''y'', then '''499''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''y'' ∈ {6}, and thus ''p'' ∈ 4{6}9. But then ''p'' is divisible by 7, since for ''n'' ≥ 0 we have 7 × 6&lt;sub&gt;''n''&lt;/sub&gt;7 = 46&lt;sub&gt;''n''&lt;/sub&gt;9.

Case 4.3: ''p'' begins with 6.

In this case we can write p = 6''y''4''z''9, where all digits of ''y'', ''z'' are 0, 3, 6, or 9. If 0 ◁ ''z'', then 409 ◁ ''p''. If 3 ◁ ''z'', then 43 ◁ ''p''. If 6 ◁ ''z'', then '''6469''' ◁ ''p''. If 9 ◁ ''z'', then 499 ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''z'' is empty.

If 3 ◁ ''y'', then 349 ◁ ''p''. If 9 ◁ ''y'', then '''6949''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume all digits of ''y'' are 0 or 6.

If 06 ◁ ''y'', then '''60649''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''y'' ∈ {6}{0}.

If 666 ◁ ''y'', then '''666649''' ◁ ''p''. If 00000 ◁ ''y'', then '''60000049''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''y'' ∈ {''𝜆'', 0, 00, 000, 0000, 6, 60, 600, 6000, 60000, 66, 660, 6600, 66000, 660000}, and thus ''p'' ∈ {649, 6049, 60049, 600049, 6000049, 6649, 66049, 660049, 6600049, 66000049, 66649, 666049, 6660049, 66600049, 666000049}, and of these numbers only '''66000049''' and '''66600049''' are primes.

Case 4.4: ''p'' begins with 9.

In this case we can write p = 9''y''4''z''9, where all digits of ''y'', ''z'' are 0, 3, 6, or 9. If 0 ◁ ''y'', then '''9049''' ◁ ''p''. If 3 ◁ ''y'', then 349 ◁ ''p''. If 6 ◁ ''y'', then '''9649''' ◁ ''p''. If 9 ◁ ''y'', then '''9949''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''y'' is empty.

If 0 ◁ ''z'', then 409 ◁ ''p''. If 3 ◁ ''z'', then 43 ◁ ''p''. If 9 ◁ ''z'', then 499 ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''z'' ∈ {6}, and thus ''p'' ∈ 94{6}9, and the smallest prime ''p'' ∈ 94{6}9 is 946669.

[[Category:Number theory]]</text>
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      <text bytes="45605" sha1="i2oy42uqsfpqapweyfd8p3bezdyagts" xml:space="preserve">'''Athena problem''' is an [[:w:List of unsolved problems in mathematics|unsolved problem]] in [[:w:Number theory|number theory]] and [[:w:Formal language theory|formal language theory]] and [[:w:Order theory|order theory]], this problem is named after the ancient Greek goddess [[:w:Athena|Athena]] (which is associated with [[:w:Wisdom|wisdom]]). Athena problem is: Give a [[:w:Natural number|natural number]] ''b'' &gt; 1, find the [[:w:Set (mathematics)|set]] of the [[:w:Minimal element|minimal element]]s of the set of the &quot;[[:w:Prime number|prime number]] [[:w:Greater than|&gt;]] ''b''&quot; [[:w:Numerical digit|digit]] [[:w:String (computer science)|string]]s in the [[:w:Positional numeral system|positional numeral system]] with [[:w:Radix|base]] ''b'' for the [[:w:Subsequence|subsequence]] [[:w:Partially ordered set|ordering]]. (A string ''x'' is a subsequence of another string ''y'', if ''x'' can be obtained from ''y'' by deleting zero or more of the [[:w:Character (computing)|character]]s in ''y''. For example, 514 is a subsequence of 352148, &quot;string&quot; is a subsequence of &quot;meistersinger&quot;. In contrast, 758 is not a subsequence of 378259, &quot;abc&quot; is not a subsequence of &quot;cbacacba&quot;, since the characters must be in the same order) (Unlike [[:w:Substring|substring]], subsequence is not required to occupy consecutive positions within the original sequences, e.g. the [[:w:Longest common subsequence|longest common subsequence problem]] is different from the [[:w:Longest common substring|longest common substring problem]])

Using [[:w:Formal language theory|formal language theory]] terminology, Athena problem is finding the [[:w:Set (mathematics)|set]] of the [[:w:Minimal element|minimal element]]s of the [[:w:Formal language|language]] of base-''b'' [[:w:Representation (mathematics)|representation]]s of the [[:w:Prime number|prime number]]s [[:w:Greater than|&gt;]] ''b'' (which is a set of [[:w:String (computer science)|string]]s of [[:w:Symbol|symbol]]s over the [[:w:Alphabet (formal languages)|alphabet]] ''Σ''&lt;sub&gt;''b''&lt;/sub&gt; := {0, 1, ..., ''b''−1}), under the subsequence ordering (i.e. the [[:w:Binary relation|binary relation]] &quot;is a subsequence of&quot;, which is a [[:w:Partially ordered set|partial ordering]]), for a given natural number ''b'' &gt; 1. (You can draw this partial ordering as [[:w:Hasse diagram|Hasse diagram]] to find all [[:w:Minimal element|minimal element]]s)

By [[:w:Higman's lemma|Higman's lemma]], there are no [[:w:Infinite set|infinite]] [[:w:Antichain|antichain]]s for the subsequence ordering (i.e. the subsequence ordering is always a [[:w:Well-quasi-ordering|well quasi order]]) (i.e. under the subsequence ordering (i.e. the [[:w:Binary relation|binary relation]] &quot;is a subsequence of&quot;, which is a [[:w:Partially ordered set|partial ordering]]), every set of pairwise incomparable (i.e. not [[:w:Comparability|comparable]]) strings is finite), thus there must be only finitely many such minimal elements. In other words, the set of such minimal elements must be a [[:w:Finite set|finite set]], e.g. in [[:w:Decimal|decimal]] (base ''b'' = 10), this set has exactly 77 [[:w:Element of a set|element]]s: {11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, 97, 227, 251, 257, 277, 281, 349, 409, 449, 499, 521, 557, 577, 587, 727, 757, 787, 821, 827, 857, 877, 881, 887, 991, 2087, 2221, 5051, 5081, 5501, 5581, 5801, 5851, 6469, 6949, 8501, 9001, 9049, 9221, 9551, 9649, 9851, 9949, 20021, 20201, 50207, 60649, 80051, 666649, 946669, 5200007, 22000001, 60000049, 66000049, 66600049, 80555551, 555555555551, 5000000000000000000000000000027}.

For bases 2 ≤ ''b'' ≤ 36, Athena problem is fully solved in bases ''b'' = 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 18, 20, 24, and also solved in bases ''b'' = 11, 13, 16, 22, 30 if [[:w:Probable prime|probable prime]]s are allowed. For the unsolved bases ''b'' = 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 31, 32, 34, 35, 36, Athena problem is solved (if probable primes are allowed) except 771 [[:w:Indexed family|families]] of the form ''x''{''y''}''z'' (where ''x'' and ''z'' are strings (may be [[:w:Empty string|empty]]) of digits in base ''b'', ''y'' is a digit in base ''b'') = sequence {''xz'', ''xyz'', ''xyyz'', ''xyyyz'', ''xyyyyz'', ''xyyyyyz'', ...} (i.e. &quot;''xy''&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;''z''&quot; in [[:w:Regular expression|regular expression]]), all of these 771 families contain no primes &gt; ''b'' or probable primes &gt; ''b'' with length ≤ 100000.

== Results ==

To solve the Athena problem for a given base ''b'', we must [[:w:Computing|compute]] the element up to families of the form ''x''{''y''}''z'' (where ''x'' and ''z'' are strings (may be empty) of digits in base ''b'', ''y'' is a digit in base ''b'') (we call such families ''linear families''), and find the smallest prime &gt; ''b'' in all such families.

Shrinking the family ''x''{''Y''}''z'' (where ''x'' and ''z'' are strings (may be empty) of digits in base ''b'', ''Y'' is a set of digits in base ''b'')

* If ''y'' ∈ ''Y'' and the string ''xyyz'' represents a prime &gt; ''b'' in base ''b'' (in this case, add this prime to the list) or has a subsequence which represents a prime &gt; ''b'' in base ''b'', then ''x''{''Y''}''z'' can be replaced with ''x''{''Y'' \ ''y''}''z'' ∪ ''x''{''Y'' \ ''y''}''y''{''Y'' \ ''y''}''z''.
* If ''y''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; ∈ ''Y'' and ''y''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; ∈ ''Y'' and ''y''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; ≠ ''y''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and the string ''xy''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;''y''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;''z'' represents a prime &gt; ''b'' in base ''b'' (in this case, add this prime to the list) or has a subsequence which represents a prime &gt; ''b'' in base ''b'', then ''x''{''Y''}''z'' can be replaced with ''x''{''Y'' \ ''y''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;}{''Y'' \ ''y''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;}''z''.
* If ''y''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; ∈ ''Y'' and ''y''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; ∈ ''Y'' and ''y''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; ≠ ''y''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and both the strings ''xy''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;''y''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;''z'' and ''xy''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;''y''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;''z'' represent a prime &gt; ''b'' in base ''b'' (in this case, add this prime to the list) or have a subsequence which represents a prime &gt; ''b'' in base ''b'', then ''x''{''Y''}''z'' can be replaced with ''x''{''Y'' \ ''y''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;}''z'' ∪ ''x''{''Y'' \ ''y''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;}''z''.

e.g. in decimal (base ''b'' = 10):

* 2221 is a prime &gt; 10, thus the family 2{0,2}1 splits into the two families 2{0}1 and 2{0}2{0}1.
* 227 is a prime &gt; 10, and it is a subsequence of 5227, thus the family 5{0,2}7 splits into the two families 5{0}7 and 5{0}2{0}7.
* 449 is a prime &gt; 10, and it is a subsequence of 6449, thus the family 6{0,3,4,6,9}9 splits into the two families 6{0,3,6,9}9 and 6{0,3,6,9}4{0,3,6,9}9.
* Both 5051 and 5501 are primes &gt; 10, thus the family 5{0,5}1 splits into the two families 5{0}1 and 5{5}1 = {5}1.
* 8501 is a prime &gt; 10, thus the family 8{0,5}1 splits into the family 8{0}{5}1.
* 887 is a prime &gt; 10, and it is a subsequence of 2887, also 2087 is a prime &gt; 10, thus the family 2{0,8}7 splits into the two families 2{0}7 and 28{0}7.
* 349 and 449 are primes &gt; 10, and they are subsequences of 9349 and 9449, respectively, also 9049, 9649, 9949 are primes &gt; 10, thus the family 9{0,3,4,6,9}9 splits into the two families 9{0,3,6,9}9 and 94{0,3,6,9}9.
* 251, 281, 521, 821, 881 are primes &gt; 10, and they are subsequences of 9251, 9281, 9521, 9821, 9881, respectively, also 9001, 9221, 9551, 9851 are primes &gt; 10, thus the family 9{0,2,5,8}1 splits into the numbers {91, 901, 921, 951, 981, 9021, 9051, 9081, 9201, 9501, 9581, 9801, 90581, 95081, 95801}.

If the methods we have discussed cannot be used to rule out or shrink ''x''{''Y''}''z'' where ''Y'' = {''y''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;, ''y''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, ..., ''y''&lt;sub&gt;''n''&lt;/sub&gt;}, then we can replace ''x''{''Y''}''z'' by ''xy''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;{''Y''}''z'' ∪ ''xy''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;{''Y''}''z'' ∪ ... ∪ ''xy''&lt;sub&gt;''n''&lt;/sub&gt;{''Y''}''z'' and re-run the methods on this new [[:w:Formal language|language]].

If all remain families are linear families (i.e. of the form ''x''{''y''}''z'', where ''x'' and ''z'' are strings (may be empty) of digits in base ''b'', ''y'' is a digit in base ''b''), then we search the smallest (probable) primes in these families and add these primes to the list.

e.g. in decimal (base ''b'' = 10):

* The smallest prime in the family 5{0}27 is 5000000000000000000000000000027.
* The smallest prime in the family {5}1 is 555555555551.
* The smallest prime in the family 8{5}1 is 8555555555555555555551, but 8555555555555555555551 is not a minimal element since 555555555551 is a subsequence of 8555555555555555555551.

There is no guarantee that the techniques discussed will ever terminate, but in practice they often do. They are able to determine the set of the minimal elements in base ''b'' for 2 ≤ ''b'' ≤ 16 and ''b'' = 18, 20, 22, 24, 30. The bases ''b'' = 17, 19, 21, 23, 25 ≤ ''b'' ≤ 29, 31 ≤ ''b'' ≤ 36 are solved with the exception of 771 families of the form ''x''{''y''}''z'' (where ''x'' and ''z'' are strings (may be empty) of digits in base ''b'', ''y'' is a digit in base ''b'').

The following is a &quot;[[:w:Semi-algorithm|semi-algorithm]]&quot; that is guaranteed to solve the Athena problem for a given base ''b'', but it is not so easy to implement:

# ''M'' = ''[[:w:Empty string|∅]]''
# while (''L'' ≠ ''∅'') do
# choose ''x'', a shortest string in ''L''
# ''M'' := ''M'' ∪ {''x''}
# ''L'' := ''L'' − ''sup''({''x''})

In practice, for arbitrary ''L'', we cannot feasibly carry out step 5. Instead, we work with ''L''&amp;#39;, some regular overapproximation to ''L'', until we can show ''L''&amp;#39; = ''∅'' (which implies ''L'' = ''∅''). In practice, ''L''&amp;#39; is usually chosen to be a finite [[:w:Union (set theory)|union]] of sets of the form ''L''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;{''L''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;}''L''&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;, where each of ''L''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;, ''L''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, ''L''&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; is finite. In the case we consider in this project, we then have to determine whether such a family contains a prime or not.

Thus, Athena problem in bases ''b'' around 500 may be [[:w:NP-complete|NP-complete]] or [[:w:NP-hard|NP-hard]], or an [[:w:Undecidable problem|undecidable problem]], or an example of [[:w:Gödel's incompleteness theorems|Gödel's incompleteness theorems]] (like the [[:w:Continuum hypothesis|continuum hypothesis]] and the [[:w:Halting problem|halting problem]]).

To solve the Athena problem, we need to determine whether a given family contains a prime. In practice, if family ''x''{''Y''}''z'' (where ''x'' and ''z'' are strings (may be empty) of digits in base ''b'', ''Y'' is a set of digits in base ''b'') could not be ruled out as only containing composites and ''Y'' contains two or more digits, then a relatively small prime &gt; ''b'' could always be found in this family. Intuitively, this is because there are a large number of small strings in such a family, and at least one is likely to be prime (e.g. there are 2&lt;sup&gt;''n''−2&lt;/sup&gt; strings of length ''n'' in the family 1{3,7}9, and there are over a thousand strings of length 12 in the family 1{3,7}9, thus it is very impossible that these numbers are all composite). In the case ''Y'' contains only one digit, this family is of the form ''x''{''y''}''z'', and there is only a single string of each length &gt; (the length of ''x'' + the length of ''z''), and it is not known if the following [[:w:Decision problem|decision problem]] is recursively solvable (just like [[:w:Sierpiński number|Sierpiński problem]] and [[:w:Riesel number|Riesel problem]], Sierpiński problem and Riesel problem can be generalized to other bases ''b'', in fact, Athena problem in base ''b'' covers the Sierpiński problem in base ''b'' and the Riesel problem in base ''b'' with ''k'' &lt; ''b'', i.e. finding the smallest prime of the form ''k''×''b''&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;+1 and ''k''×''b''&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;−1 (or prove such prime does not exist) with ''k'' &lt; ''b'', since the smallest prime of the form ''k''×''b''&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;+1 and ''k''×''b''&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;−1 (if exists) must be a minimal element in base ''b''):

Problem: Given strings ''x'', ''z'' (may be empty), a digit ''y'', and a base ''b'' (''x'' does not [[:w:Leading zero|start with the digit 0]], ''z'' ends with a digit which [[:w:Coprime integers|coprime]] to ''b'', ''y'' is not 0 if ''x'' is empty, ''y'' is coprime to ''b'' if ''z'' is empty), does there exist a prime number whose base-''b'' expansion is of the form ''xy''&lt;sub&gt;''n''&lt;/sub&gt;''z'' for some ''n'' ≥ 0?

Some families can be ruled out to contain no prime &gt; ''b'' by [[:w:Covering set|covering congruence]], [[:w:Factorization of polynomials|algebraic factorization]] (e.g. [[:w:Difference of two squares|difference of two squares]], [[:w:Sum of two cubes|sum of two cubes]], [[:w:Sophie Germain's identity|Sophie Germain's identity of ''x''&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;+4×''y''&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;]]), or combine of them, e.g.

* The base 9 family 2{7}: Always divisible by 2 or 5
* The base 16 family {8}F: Always divisible by 3, 7, or 13
* The base 21 family {7}D: Always divisible by 2, 13, or 17
* The base 23 family {D}GA: Always divisible by 2, 5, 7, 37, or 79
* The base 9 family 3{8}: Can be written as 4×9&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;−1 and can be factored as (2×3&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;−1) × (2×3&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;+1)
* The base 8 family 1{0}1: Can be written as 8&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;+1 and can be factored as (2&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;+1) × (4&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;−2&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;+1)
* The base 16 family {4}1: Can be written as (4×16&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;−49)/15 and can be factored as (2×3&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;−7) × (2×3&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;+7) / 15
* The base 16 family {C}D: Can be written as (4×16&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;+1)/5 and can be factored as (2×4&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;−2×2&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;+1) × (2×4&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;+2×2&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;+1) / 5
* The base 14 family 8{D}: Can be written as 9×14&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;−1, it is divisible by 5 if ''n'' is odd and can be factored as (3×14&lt;sup&gt;''n''/2&lt;/sup&gt;−1) × (3×14&lt;sup&gt;''n''/2&lt;/sup&gt;+1) if ''n'' is even
* The base 12 family {B}9B: Can be written as 12&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;−25, it is divisible by 13 if ''n'' is odd and can be factored as (12&lt;sup&gt;''n''/2&lt;/sup&gt;−5) × (12&lt;sup&gt;''n''/2&lt;/sup&gt;+5) if ''n'' is even
* The base 17 family 1{9}: Can be written as (25×17&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;−9)/16, it is divisible by 2 if ''n'' is odd and can be factored as (5×17&lt;sup&gt;''n''/2&lt;/sup&gt;−3) × (5×17&lt;sup&gt;''n''/2&lt;/sup&gt;+3) / 16 if ''n'' is even
* The base 19 family 1{6}: Can be written as (4×19&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;−1)/3, it is divisible by 5 if ''n'' is odd and can be factored as (2×19&lt;sup&gt;''n''/2&lt;/sup&gt;−1) × (2×19&lt;sup&gt;''n''/2&lt;/sup&gt;+1) / 3 if ''n'' is even

By the [[:w:Prime number theorem|prime number theorem]], the [[:w:Probability|chance]] that a [[:w:Random number|random]] ''n''-digit base ''b'' number is prime is [[:w:Asymptotic analysis|approximately]] 1/''n'' (more accurately, the chance is approximately 1/(''n''×''ln''(''b'')), where ''ln'' is the [[:w:Natural logarithm|natural logarithm]]). If one conjectures the numbers ''x''{''y''}''z'' behave similarly (i.e. the numbers ''x''{''y''}''z'' is a [[:w:Pseudorandomness|pseudorandom sequence]]) you would expect [[:w:Harmonic_series (mathematics)|1/1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + 1/4 + ... = ∞]] primes of the form ''x''{''y''}''z'' (of course, this does not always happen, since some ''x''{''y''}''z'' families can be ruled out to contain no prime &gt; ''b'' (by covering congruence, algebraic factorization, or combine of them), but it is at least a reasonable conjecture in the absence of evidence to the contrary. Hence, the [[:w:Heuristic argument|heuristic argument]] suggests there are always infinitely many primes in family ''x''{''y''}''z'' (where ''x'' and ''z'' are strings (may be empty) of digits in base ''b'', ''y'' is a digit in base ''b'') if it cannot be ruled out to contain no prime or only contain finitely many primes, by covering congruence, algebraic factorization, or combine of them. However, some families ''x''{''y''}''z'' could not be proven to contain no primes &gt; ''b'' (by covering congruence, algebraic factorization, or combine of them) but no primes &gt; ''b'' could be found in the family, even after searching through numbers with over 100000 digits. In such a case, the only way to proceed is to [[:w:Primality test|test the primality]] of larger and larger numbers of such form and hope a prime is eventually discovered. e.g. the smallest (probable) prime in the family A{3}A in base ''b'' = 13 is A3&lt;sub&gt;592197&lt;/sub&gt;A, which written in decimal contains 659677 digits (it is only probable prime, i.e. not definitely prime).

== Data ==

These are the results of the Athena problem in bases 2 ≤ ''b'' ≤ 36 (we stop at base 36 since this base is the maximum base for which it is possible to write the numbers with the [[:w:Symbol|symbol]]s 0, 1, 2, ..., 9 and A, B, C, ..., Z (i.e. the 10 [[:w:Arabic numerals|Arabic numerals]] and the 26 [[:w:Latin script|Latin letters]]): (some large primes are only probable primes, i.e. not definitely primes, since they are too large to be [[:w:Elliptic curve primality|ECPP proved]] and [[:w:Pocklington primality test#Extensions and variants|neither ''N''−1 nor ''N''+1 can be ≥ 1/3 factored]], all of them pass the [[:w:Baillie–PSW primality test|Baillie–PSW primality test]] and the [[:w:Strong pseudoprime|strong primality test]] (i.e. the [[:w:Miller–Rabin primality test|Miller–Rabin primality test]]) with all prime bases ''p'' ≤ 61, however, all primes &lt; 10&lt;sup&gt;25000&lt;/sup&gt; for bases ''b'' = 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 36 are definitely primes, most of them &gt; 10&lt;sup&gt;299&lt;/sup&gt; are proven primes with [[:w:Elliptic curve primality|ECPP proving]], others &gt; 10&lt;sup&gt;299&lt;/sup&gt; are proven primes with [[:w:Pocklington primality test#Extensions and variants|''N''−1 or ''N''+1 proving]])

All numbers are written in base ''b'', [[:w:Senary#Base 36 as senary compression|using A to Z to represent digit values 10 to 35]], &quot;{}&quot; means repeating, e.g. family 12{3}45 means the sequence {1245, 12345, 123345, 1233345, 12333345, 123333345, ...} (where the members are expressed as base ''b'' strings), subscripts are used to indicate repetitions of digits, e.g. 123&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;567 means 123333567 (all subscripts are written in decimal).

Base 2: 1 prime (the largest of which has 2 digits): {11}

Base 3: 3 primes (the largest of which has 3 digits): {12, 21, 111}

Base 4: 5 primes (the largest of which has 3 digits): {11, 13, 23, 31, 221}

Base 5: 22 primes (the largest of which has 96 digits): {12, 21, 23, 32, 34, 43, 104, 111, 131, 133, 313, 401, 414, 3101, 10103, 14444, 30301, 33001, 33331, 44441, 300031, 100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000013}

Base 6: 11 primes (the largest of which has 5 digits): {11, 15, 21, 25, 31, 35, 45, 51, 4401, 4441, 40041}

Base 7: 71 primes (the largest of which has 17 digits): {14, 16, 23, 25, 32, 41, 43, 52, 56, 61, 65, 113, 115, 131, 133, 155, 212, 221, 304, 313, 335, 344, 346, 364, 445, 515, 533, 535, 544, 551, 553, 1022, 1051, 1112, 1202, 1211, 1222, 2111, 3031, 3055, 3334, 3503, 3505, 3545, 4504, 4555, 5011, 5455, 5545, 5554, 6034, 6634, 11111, 11201, 30011, 30101, 31001, 31111, 33001, 33311, 35555, 40054, 100121, 150001, 300053, 351101, 531101, 1100021, 33333301, 5100000001, 33333333333333331}

Base 8: 75 primes (the largest of which has 221 digits): {13, 15, 21, 23, 27, 35, 37, 45, 51, 53, 57, 65, 73, 75, 107, 111, 117, 141, 147, 161, 177, 225, 255, 301, 343, 361, 401, 407, 417, 431, 433, 463, 467, 471, 631, 643, 661, 667, 701, 711, 717, 747, 767, 3331, 3411, 4043, 4443, 4611, 5205, 6007, 6101, 6441, 6477, 6707, 6777, 7461, 7641, 47777, 60171, 60411, 60741, 444641, 500025, 505525, 3344441, 4444477, 5500525, 5550525, 55555025, 444444441, 744444441, 77774444441, 7777777777771, 555555555555525, 44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444447}

Base 9: 151 primes (the largest of which has 1161 digits): {12, 14, 18, 21, 25, 32, 34, 41, 45, 47, 52, 58, 65, 67, 74, 78, 81, 87, 117, 131, 135, 151, 155, 175, 177, 238, 272, 308, 315, 331, 337, 355, 371, 375, 377, 438, 504, 515, 517, 531, 537, 557, 564, 601, 638, 661, 702, 711, 722, 735, 737, 751, 755, 757, 771, 805, 838, 1011, 1015, 1101, 1701, 2027, 2207, 3017, 3057, 3101, 3501, 3561, 3611, 3688, 3868, 5035, 5051, 5071, 5101, 5501, 5554, 5705, 5707, 7017, 7075, 7105, 7301, 8535, 8544, 8555, 8854, 20777, 22227, 22777, 30161, 33388, 50161, 50611, 53335, 55111, 55535, 55551, 57061, 57775, 70631, 71007, 77207, 100037, 100071, 100761, 105007, 270707, 301111, 305111, 333035, 333385, 333835, 338885, 350007, 500075, 530005, 555611, 631111, 720707, 2770007, 3030335, 7776662, 30300005, 30333335, 38333335, 51116111, 70000361, 300030005, 300033305, 351111111, 1300000007, 5161111111, 8333333335, 300000000035, 311111111161, 544444444444, 2000000000007, 5700000000001, 7270000000007, 88888888833335, 100000000000507, 5111111111111161, 7277777777777777707, 8888888888888888888335, 30000000000000000000051, 1000000000000000000000000057, 56111111111111111111111111111111111111, 7666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666662, 27777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777707, 300000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011}

Base 10: 77 primes (the largest of which has 31 digits): {11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, 97, 227, 251, 257, 277, 281, 349, 409, 449, 499, 521, 557, 577, 587, 727, 757, 787, 821, 827, 857, 877, 881, 887, 991, 2087, 2221, 5051, 5081, 5501, 5581, 5801, 5851, 6469, 6949, 8501, 9001, 9049, 9221, 9551, 9649, 9851, 9949, 20021, 20201, 50207, 60649, 80051, 666649, 946669, 5200007, 22000001, 60000049, 66000049, 66600049, 80555551, 555555555551, 5000000000000000000000000000027}

Base 11: 1068 primes (including 1 unproven probable prime: 57&lt;sub&gt;62668&lt;/sub&gt;), the largest of which has 62669 digits, see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel11 Data of Athena problem base 11]

Base 12: 106 primes (the largest of which has 42 digits): {11, 15, 17, 1B, 25, 27, 31, 35, 37, 3B, 45, 4B, 51, 57, 5B, 61, 67, 6B, 75, 81, 85, 87, 8B, 91, 95, A7, AB, B5, B7, 221, 241, 2A1, 2B1, 2BB, 401, 421, 447, 471, 497, 565, 655, 665, 701, 70B, 721, 747, 771, 77B, 797, 7A1, 7BB, 907, 90B, 9BB, A41, B21, B2B, 2001, 200B, 202B, 222B, 229B, 292B, 299B, 4441, 4707, 4777, 6A05, 6AA5, 729B, 7441, 7B41, 929B, 9777, 992B, 9947, 997B, 9997, A0A1, A201, A605, A6A5, AA65, B001, B0B1, BB01, BB41, 600A5, 7999B, 9999B, AAAA1, B04A1, B0B9B, BAA01, BAAA1, BB09B, BBBB1, 44AAA1, A00065, BBBAA1, AAA0001, B00099B, AA000001, BBBBBB99B, B0000000000000000000000000009B, 400000000000000000000000000000000000000077}

Base 13: 3197 primes (including 4 unproven probable primes: C5&lt;sub&gt;23755&lt;/sub&gt;C, 80&lt;sub&gt;32017&lt;/sub&gt;111, 95&lt;sub&gt;197420&lt;/sub&gt;, A3&lt;sub&gt;592197&lt;/sub&gt;A), the largest of which has 592199 digits, see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel13 Data of Athena problem base 13]

Base 14: 650 primes, the largest of which has 19699 digits, see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel14 Data of Athena problem base 14]

Base 15: 1284 primes, the largest of which has 157 digits, see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel15 Data of Athena problem base 15]

Base 16: 2347 primes (including 3 unproven probable primes: DB&lt;sub&gt;32234&lt;/sub&gt;, 4&lt;sub&gt;72785&lt;/sub&gt;DD, 3&lt;sub&gt;116137&lt;/sub&gt;AF), the largest of which has 116139 digits, see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel16 Data of Athena problem base 16]

Base 17: 10415 known primes (including many unproven probable primes) and 12 unsolved families (1{7}, 1F{0}7, 4{7}A, 70F{0}D, 8{B}9, 9{5}9, A{D}F, B{0}B3, {B}E9, {B}EE, F1{9}, FD0{D}, no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 200000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel17 Data of Athena problem base 17] and [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/left17 Data of unsolved families for base 17]

Base 18: 549 primes, the largest of which has 6271 digits, see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel18 Data of Athena problem base 18]

Base 19: 31417 known primes (including many unproven probable primes) and 17 unsolved families (4B5{0}H, {5}3, 5{H}05, 5{H}0H, 5{H}5, 66{B}, 71{0}177, 7AF{0}H, 97{0}3, C{H}C, EE1{6}, F{7}5, F{B}G, F{D}F, H0F{0}7A, HB{0}5B5, II{D}, no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 200000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel19 Data of Athena problem base 19] and [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/left19 Data of unsolved families for base 19]

Base 20: 3314 primes, the largest of which has 6271 digits, see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel20 Data of Athena problem base 20]

Base 21: 13386 known primes (including many unproven probable primes) and 8 unsolved families (5{0}DJ, {9}D, B3{0}EB, B{H}6H, C{F}0K, {F}35, G{0}FK, H{0}7771, no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 200000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel21 Data of Athena problem base 21] and [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/left21 Data of unsolved families for base 21]

Base 22: 8003 primes (including 1 unproven probable prime: BK&lt;sub&gt;22001&lt;/sub&gt;5), the largest of which has 22003 digits, see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel22 Data of Athena problem base 22]

Base 23: 65178 known primes (including many unproven probable primes) and 87 unsolved families (no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 100000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel23 Data of Athena problem base 23] and [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/left23 Data of unsolved families for base 23]

Base 24: 3409 primes, the largest of which has 8134 digits, see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel24 Data of Athena problem base 24]

Base 25: 133639 known primes (including many unproven probable primes) and 85 unsolved families (no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 100000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel25 Data of Athena problem base 25] and [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/left25 Data of unsolved families for base 25]

Base 26: 25256 known primes (including 7 unproven probable primes: 5&lt;sub&gt;19391&lt;/sub&gt;6F, 7&lt;sub&gt;20279&lt;/sub&gt;OL, LD0&lt;sub&gt;20975&lt;/sub&gt;7, 6K&lt;sub&gt;23300&lt;/sub&gt;5, J0&lt;sub&gt;44303&lt;/sub&gt;KCB, M0&lt;sub&gt;61186&lt;/sub&gt;2BB, 85M&lt;sub&gt;197060&lt;/sub&gt;B) and 3 unsolved families ({A}6F, {H}MH, {I}GL, no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 200000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel26 Data of Athena problem base 26]

Base 27: 102852 known primes (including many unproven probable primes) and 44 unsolved families (no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 100000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel27 Data of Athena problem base 27] and [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/left27 Data of unsolved families for base 27]

Base 28: 25528 known primes (including 3 unproven probable primes: N6&lt;sub&gt;24051&lt;/sub&gt;LR, 5OA&lt;sub&gt;31238&lt;/sub&gt;F, O4O&lt;sub&gt;94535&lt;/sub&gt;9) and 1 unsolved family (O{A}F, no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 709070, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel28 Data of Athena problem base 28]

Base 29: 355242 known primes (including many unproven probable primes) and 125 unsolved families (no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 100000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel29 Data of Athena problem base 29] and [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/left29 Data of unsolved families for base 29]

Base 30: 2619 primes (including 1 unproven probable prime: I0&lt;sub&gt;24608&lt;/sub&gt;D), the largest of which has 34206 digits, see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel30 Data of Athena problem base 30]

Base 31: 569323 known primes (including many unproven probable primes) and 77 unsolved families (no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 100000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel31 Data of Athena problem base 31] and [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/left31 Data of unsolved families for base 31]

Base 32: 168882 known primes (including many unproven probable primes) and 120 unsolved families (no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 100000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel32 Data of Athena problem base 32] and [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/left32 Data of unsolved families for base 32]

Base 33: 280012 known primes (including many unproven probable primes) and 81 unsolved families (no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 100000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel33 Data of Athena problem base 33] and [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/left33 Data of unsolved families for base 33]

Base 34: 184785 known primes (including many unproven probable primes) and 47 unsolved families (no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 100000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel34 Data of Athena problem base 34] and [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/left34 Data of unsolved families for base 34]

Base 35: 720002 known primes (including many unproven probable primes) and 60 unsolved families (no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 100000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel35 Data of Athena problem base 35] and [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/left35 Data of unsolved families for base 35]

Base 36: 35286 known primes (including 3 unproven probable primes: 7K&lt;sub&gt;26567&lt;/sub&gt;Z, S0&lt;sub&gt;75007&lt;/sub&gt;8H, P&lt;sub&gt;81993&lt;/sub&gt;SZ) and 4 unsolved families (B{0}EUV, HM{0}N, N{0}YYN, O{L}Z, no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 200000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel36 Data of Athena problem base 36]

== The fully proof of Athena problem in decimal (base ''b'' = 10) ==

'''Bold''' for the minimal elements, ''x'' ◁ ''y'' means ''x'' is a subsequence of ''y''.

Assume ''p'' is a prime &gt; 10, and the last digit of ''p'' must lie in {1,3,7,9}.

Case 1: ''p'' ends with 1.

In this case we can write ''p'' = ''x''1. If ''x'' contains 1, 3, 4, 6, or 7, then (respectively) '''11''' ◁ ''p'', '''31''' ◁ ''p'', '''41''' ◁ ''p'', '''61''' ◁ ''p'', or '''71''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume all digits of ''x'' are 0, 2, 5, 8, or 9.

Case 1.1: ''p'' begins with 2.

In this case we can write ''p'' = 2''y''1. If 5 ◁ ''y'', then '''251''' ◁ ''p''. If 8 ◁ ''y'', then '''281''' ◁ ''p''. If 9 ◁ ''y'', then 29 ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume all digits of ''y'' are 0 or 2.

If 22 ◁ ''y'', then '''2221''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''y'' contains zero or one 2's.

If ''y'' contains no 2's, then ''p'' ∈ 2{0}1. But then, since the sum of the digits of ''p'' is 3, ''p'' is divisible by 3, so ''p'' cannot be prime.

If ''y'' contains exactly one 2, then we can write ''p'' = 2''z''2''w''1, where ''z'',''w'' ∈ {0}. If 0 ◁ ''z'' and 0 ◁ ''w'', then '''20201''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume either ''z'' or ''w'' is empty.

If ''z'' is empty, then ''p'' ∈ 22{0}1, and the smallest prime ''p'' ∈ 22{0}1 is '''22000001'''.

If ''w'' is empty, then ''p'' ∈ 2{0}21, and the smallest prime ''p'' ∈ 2{0}21 is '''20021'''.

Case 1.2: ''p'' begins with 5.

In this case we can write ''p'' = 5''y''1. If 2 ◁ ''y'', then '''521''' ◁ ''p''. If 9 ◁ ''y'', then 59 ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume all digits of ''y'' are 0, 5, or 8.

If 05 ◁ ''y'', then '''5051''' ◁ ''p''. If 08 ◁ ''y'', then '''5081''' ◁ ''p''. If 50 ◁ ''y'', then '''5501''' ◁ ''p''. If 58 ◁ ''y'', then '''5581''' ◁ ''p''. If 80 ◁ ''y'', then '''5801''' ◁ ''p''. If 85 ◁ ''y'', then '''5851''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''y'' ∈ {0} ∪ {5} ∪ {8}.

If ''y'' ∈ {0}, then ''p'' ∈ 5{0}1. But then, since the sum of the digits of ''p'' is 6, ''p'' is divisible by 3, so ''p'' cannot be prime.

If ''y'' ∈ {5}, then ''p'' ∈ 5{5}1, and the smallest prime ''p'' ∈ 5{5}1 is '''555555555551'''.

If ''y'' ∈ {8}, since if 88 ◁ ''y'', then 881 ◁ ''p'', hence we may assume ''y'' ∈ {''𝜆'',8}, and thus ''p'' ∈ {51,581}, but 51 and 581 are both composite.

Case 1.3: ''p'' begins with 8.

In this case we can write p = 8''y''1. If 2 ◁ ''y'', then '''821''' ◁ ''p''. If 8 ◁ ''y'', then '''881''' ◁ ''p''. If 9 ◁ ''y'', then 89 ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume all digits of ''y'' are 0 or 5.

If 50 ◁ ''y'', then '''8501''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume y ∈ {0}{5}.

If 005 ◁ ''y'', then '''80051''' ◁ p. Hence we may assume y ∈ {0} ∪ {5} ∪ 0{5}.

If y ∈ {0}, then ''p'' ∈ 8{0}1. But then, since the sum of the digits of ''p'' is 9, ''p'' is divisible by 3, so ''p'' cannot be prime.

If y ∈ {5}, since if 55555555555 ◁ ''y'', then 555555555551 ◁ ''p'', hence we may assume ''y'' ∈ {''𝜆'', 5, 55, 555, 5555, 55555, 555555, 5555555, 55555555, 555555555, 5555555555}, and thus ''p'' ∈ {81, 851, 8551, 85551, 855551, 8555551, 85555551, 855555551, 8555555551, 85555555551, 855555555551}, but all of these numbers are composite.

If y ∈ 0{5}, since if 55555555555 ◁ ''y'', then 555555555551 ◁ ''p'', hence we may assume ''y'' ∈ {0, 05, 055, 0555, 05555, 055555, 0555555, 05555555, 055555555, 0555555555, 05555555555}, and thus ''p'' ∈ {801, 8051, 80551, 805551, 8055551, 80555551, 805555551, 8055555551, 80555555551, 805555555551, 8055555555551}, and of these numbers only 80555551 and 8055555551 are primes, but 80555551 ◁ 8055555551, thus only '''80555551''' is a minimal element.

Case 1.4: ''p'' begins with 9.

In this case we can write p = 9''y''1. If 9 ◁ ''y'', then '''991''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume all digits of ''y'' are 0, 2, 5, or 8.

If 00 ◁ ''y'', then '''9001''' ◁ ''p''. If 22 ◁ ''y'', then '''9221''' ◁ ''p''. If 55 ◁ ''y'', then '''9551''' ◁ ''p''. If 88 ◁ ''y'', then 881 ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''y'' contains at most one 0, at most one 2, at most one 5, and at most one 8.

If ''y'' only contains at most one 0 and does not contain any of {2,5,8}, then ''y'' ∈ {''𝜆'',0}, and thus ''p'' ∈ {91,901}, but 91 and 901 are both composite. If ''y'' only contains at most one 0 and only one of {2,5,8}, then the sum of the digits of ''p'' is divisible by 3, ''p'' is divisible by 3, so ''p'' cannot be prime. Hence we may assume ''y'' contains at least two of {2,5,8}.

If 25 ◁ ''y'', then 251 ◁ ''p''. If 28 ◁ ''y'', then 281 ◁ ''p''. If 52 ◁ ''y'', then 521 ◁ ''p''. If 82 ◁ ''y'', then 821 ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''y'' contains no 2's (since if ''y'' contains 2, then ''y'' cannot contain either 5's or 8's, which is a contradiction).

If 85 ◁ ''y'', then '''9851''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''y'' ∈ {58,580,508,058}, and thus ''p'' ∈ {9581,95801,95081,90581}, and of these numbers only 95801 is prime, but 95801 is not a minimal element since 5801 ◁ 95801.

Case 2: ''p'' ends with 3.

In this case we can write p = ''x''3. If ''x'' contains 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, or 8, then (respectively) '''13''' ◁ ''p'', '''23''' ◁ ''p'', '''43''' ◁ ''p'', '''53''' ◁ ''p'', '''73''' ◁ ''p'', or '''83''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume all digits of ''x'' are 0, 3, 6, or 9, and thus all digits of ''p'' are 0, 3, 6, or 9. But then, since the digits of ''p'' all have a common factor 3, ''p'' is divisible by 3, so ''p'' cannot be prime.

Case 3: ''p'' ends with 7.

In this case we can write ''p'' = ''x''7. If ''x'' contains 1, 3, 4, 6, or 9, then (respectively) '''17''' ◁ ''p'', '''37''' ◁ ''p'', '''47''' ◁ ''p'', '''67''' ◁ ''p'', or '''97''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume all digits of ''x'' are 0, 2, 5, 7, or 8.

Case 3.1: ''p'' begins with 2.

In this case we can write ''p'' = 2''y''7. If 2 ◁ ''y'', then '''227''' ◁ ''p''. If 5 ◁ ''y'', then '''257''' ◁ ''p''. If 7 ◁ ''y'', then '''277''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume all digits of ''y'' are 0 or 8.

If 08 ◁ ''y'', then '''2087''' ◁ ''p''. If 88 ◁ ''y'', then 887 ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''y'' ∈ {0} ∪ 8{0}.

If ''y'' ∈ {0}, then ''p'' ∈ 2{0}7. But then, since the sum of the digits of ''p'' is 9, ''p'' is divisible by 3, so ''p'' cannot be prime.

If y ∈ 8{0}, then ''p'' ∈ 28{0}7. But then ''p'' is divisible by 7, since for ''n'' ≥ 0 we have 7 × 40&lt;sub&gt;''n''&lt;/sub&gt;1 = 280&lt;sub&gt;''n''&lt;/sub&gt;7.

Case 3.2: ''p'' begins with 5.

In this case we can write ''p'' = 5''y''7. If 5 ◁ ''y'', then '''557''' ◁ ''p''. If 7 ◁ ''y'', then '''577''' ◁ ''p''. If 8 ◁ ''y'', then '''587''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume all digits of ''y'' are 0 or 2.

If 22 ◁ ''y'', then 227 ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''y'' contains zero or one 2's.

If ''y'' contains no 2's, then ''p'' ∈ 5{0}7. But then, since the sum of the digits of ''p'' is 12, ''p'' is divisible by 3, so ''p'' cannot be prime.

If ''y'' contains exactly one 2, then we can write ''p'' = 5''z''2''w''7, where ''z'',''w'' ∈ {0}. If 0 ◁ ''z'' and 0 ◁ ''w'', then '''50207''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume either ''z'' or ''w'' is empty.

If ''z'' is empty, then ''p'' ∈ 52{0}7, and the smallest prime ''p'' ∈ 52{0}7 is '''5200007'''.

If ''w'' is empty, then ''p'' ∈ 5{0}27, and the smallest prime ''p'' ∈ 5{0}27 is '''5000000000000000000000000000027'''.

Case 3.3: ''p'' begins with 7.

In this case we can write ''p'' = 7''y''7. If 2 ◁ ''y'', then '''727''' ◁ ''p''. If 5 ◁ ''y'', then '''757''' ◁ ''p''. If 8 ◁ ''y'', then '''787''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume all digits of ''y'' are 0 or 7, and thus all digits of ''p'' are 0 or 7. But then, since the digits of ''p'' all have a common factor 7, ''p'' is divisible by 7, so ''p'' cannot be prime.

Case 3.4: ''p'' begins with 8.

In this case we can write ''p'' = 8''y''7. If 2 ◁ ''y'', then '''827''' ◁ ''p''. If 5 ◁ ''y'', then '''857''' ◁ ''p''. If 7 ◁ ''y'', then '''877''' ◁ ''p''. If 8 ◁ ''y'', then '''887''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''y'' ∈ {0}, and thus ''p'' ∈ 8{0}7. But then, since the sum of the digits of ''p'' is 15, ''p'' is divisible by 3, so ''p'' cannot be prime.

Case 4: ''p'' ends with 9.

In this case we can write ''p'' = ''x''9. If ''x'' contains 1, 2, 5, 7, or 8, then (respectively) '''19''' ◁ ''p'', '''29''' ◁ ''p'', '''59''' ◁ ''p'', '''79''' ◁ ''p'', or '''89''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume all digits of ''x'' are 0, 3, 4, 6, or 9.

If 44 ◁ ''x'', then '''449''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''x'' contains zero or one 4's.

If x contains no 4's, then all digits of ''x'' are 0, 3, 6, or 9, and thus all digits of ''p'' are 0, 3, 6, or 9. But then, since the digits of ''p'' all have a common factor 3, ''p'' is divisible by 3, so ''p'' cannot be prime. Hence we may assume that ''x'' contains exactly one 4.

Case 4.1: ''p'' begins with 3.

In this case we can write ''p'' = 3''y''4''z''9, where all digits of ''y'', ''z'' are 0, 3, 6, or 9. We must have '''349''' ◁ ''p''.

Case 4.2: ''p'' begins with 4.

In this case we can write ''p'' = 4''y''9, where all digits of ''y'' are 0, 3, 6, or 9. If 0 ◁ ''y'', then '''409''' ◁ ''p''. If 3 ◁ ''y'', then 43 ◁ ''p''. If 9 ◁ ''y'', then '''499''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''y'' ∈ {6}, and thus ''p'' ∈ 4{6}9. But then ''p'' is divisible by 7, since for ''n'' ≥ 0 we have 7 × 6&lt;sub&gt;''n''&lt;/sub&gt;7 = 46&lt;sub&gt;''n''&lt;/sub&gt;9.

Case 4.3: ''p'' begins with 6.

In this case we can write p = 6''y''4''z''9, where all digits of ''y'', ''z'' are 0, 3, 6, or 9. If 0 ◁ ''z'', then 409 ◁ ''p''. If 3 ◁ ''z'', then 43 ◁ ''p''. If 6 ◁ ''z'', then '''6469''' ◁ ''p''. If 9 ◁ ''z'', then 499 ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''z'' is empty.

If 3 ◁ ''y'', then 349 ◁ ''p''. If 9 ◁ ''y'', then '''6949''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume all digits of ''y'' are 0 or 6.

If 06 ◁ ''y'', then '''60649''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''y'' ∈ {6}{0}.

If 666 ◁ ''y'', then '''666649''' ◁ ''p''. If 00000 ◁ ''y'', then '''60000049''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''y'' ∈ {''𝜆'', 0, 00, 000, 0000, 6, 60, 600, 6000, 60000, 66, 660, 6600, 66000, 660000}, and thus ''p'' ∈ {649, 6049, 60049, 600049, 6000049, 6649, 66049, 660049, 6600049, 66000049, 66649, 666049, 6660049, 66600049, 666000049}, and of these numbers only '''66000049''' and '''66600049''' are primes.

Case 4.4: ''p'' begins with 9.

In this case we can write p = 9''y''4''z''9, where all digits of ''y'', ''z'' are 0, 3, 6, or 9. If 0 ◁ ''y'', then '''9049''' ◁ ''p''. If 3 ◁ ''y'', then 349 ◁ ''p''. If 6 ◁ ''y'', then '''9649''' ◁ ''p''. If 9 ◁ ''y'', then '''9949''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''y'' is empty.

If 0 ◁ ''z'', then 409 ◁ ''p''. If 3 ◁ ''z'', then 43 ◁ ''p''. If 9 ◁ ''z'', then 499 ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''z'' ∈ {6}, and thus ''p'' ∈ 94{6}9, and the smallest prime ''p'' ∈ 94{6}9 is 946669.

[[Category:Number theory]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>2810041</id>
      <parentid>2810040</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T04:22:08Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="45606" sha1="5v5t4onemaryg62fkhn1mux16woqtsy" xml:space="preserve">'''Athena problem''' is an [[:w:List of unsolved problems in mathematics|unsolved problem]] in [[:w:Number theory|number theory]] and [[:w:Formal language theory|formal language theory]] and [[:w:Order theory|order theory]], this problem is named after the ancient Greek goddess [[:w:Athena|Athena]] (which is associated with [[:w:Wisdom|wisdom]]). Athena problem is: Give a [[:w:Natural number|natural number]] ''b'' &gt; 1, find the [[:w:Set (mathematics)|set]] of the [[:w:Minimal element|minimal element]]s of the set of the &quot;[[:w:Prime number|prime number]] [[:w:Greater than|&gt;]] ''b''&quot; [[:w:Numerical digit|digit]] [[:w:String (computer science)|string]]s in the [[:w:Positional numeral system|positional numeral system]] with [[:w:Radix|base]] ''b'' for the [[:w:Subsequence|subsequence]] [[:w:Partially ordered set|ordering]]. (A string ''x'' is a subsequence of another string ''y'', if ''x'' can be obtained from ''y'' by deleting zero or more of the [[:w:Character (computing)|character]]s in ''y''. For example, 514 is a subsequence of 352148, &quot;string&quot; is a subsequence of &quot;meistersinger&quot;. In contrast, 758 is not a subsequence of 378259, &quot;abc&quot; is not a subsequence of &quot;cbacacba&quot;, since the characters must be in the same order) (Unlike [[:w:Substring|substring]], subsequence is not required to occupy consecutive positions within the original sequences, e.g. the [[:w:Longest common subsequence|longest common subsequence problem]] is different from the [[:w:Longest common substring|longest common substring problem]])

Using [[:w:Formal language theory|formal language theory]] terminology, Athena problem is finding the [[:w:Set (mathematics)|set]] of the [[:w:Minimal element|minimal element]]s of the [[:w:Formal language|language]] of base-''b'' [[:w:Representation (mathematics)|representation]]s of the [[:w:Prime number|prime number]]s [[:w:Greater than|&gt;]] ''b'' (which is a set of [[:w:String (computer science)|string]]s of [[:w:Symbol|symbol]]s over the [[:w:Alphabet (formal languages)|alphabet]] ''Σ''&lt;sub&gt;''b''&lt;/sub&gt; := {0, 1, ..., ''b''−1}), under the subsequence ordering (i.e. the [[:w:Binary relation|binary relation]] &quot;is a subsequence of&quot;, which is a [[:w:Partially ordered set|partial ordering]]), for a given natural number ''b'' &gt; 1. (You can draw this partial ordering as [[:w:Hasse diagram|Hasse diagram]] to find all [[:w:Minimal element|minimal element]]s)

By [[:w:Higman's lemma|Higman's lemma]], there are no [[:w:Infinite set|infinite]] [[:w:Antichain|antichain]]s for the subsequence ordering (i.e. the subsequence ordering is always a [[:w:Well-quasi-ordering|well quasi order]]) (i.e. under the subsequence ordering (i.e. the [[:w:Binary relation|binary relation]] &quot;is a subsequence of&quot;, which is a [[:w:Partially ordered set|partial ordering]]), every set of pairwise incomparable (i.e. not [[:w:Comparability|comparable]]) strings is finite), thus there must be only finitely many such minimal elements. In other words, the set of such minimal elements must be a [[:w:Finite set|finite set]], e.g. in [[:w:Decimal|decimal]] (base ''b'' = 10), this set has exactly 77 [[:w:Element of a set|element]]s: {11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, 97, 227, 251, 257, 277, 281, 349, 409, 449, 499, 521, 557, 577, 587, 727, 757, 787, 821, 827, 857, 877, 881, 887, 991, 2087, 2221, 5051, 5081, 5501, 5581, 5801, 5851, 6469, 6949, 8501, 9001, 9049, 9221, 9551, 9649, 9851, 9949, 20021, 20201, 50207, 60649, 80051, 666649, 946669, 5200007, 22000001, 60000049, 66000049, 66600049, 80555551, 555555555551, 5000000000000000000000000000027}.

For bases 2 ≤ ''b'' ≤ 36, Athena problem is fully solved in bases ''b'' = 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 18, 20, 24, and also solved in bases ''b'' = 11, 13, 16, 22, 30 if [[:w:Probable prime|probable prime]]s are allowed. For the unsolved bases ''b'' = 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 31, 32, 34, 35, 36, Athena problem is solved (if probable primes are allowed) except 771 [[:w:Indexed family|families]] of the form ''x''{''y''}''z'' (where ''x'' and ''z'' are strings (may be [[:w:Empty string|empty]]) of digits in base ''b'', ''y'' is a digit in base ''b'') = sequence {''xz'', ''xyz'', ''xyyz'', ''xyyyz'', ''xyyyyz'', ''xyyyyyz'', ...} (i.e. &quot;''xy''&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;''z''&quot; in [[:w:Regular expression|regular expression]]), all of these 771 families contain no primes &gt; ''b'' or probable primes &gt; ''b'' with length ≤ 100000.

== Results ==

To solve the Athena problem for a given base ''b'', we must [[:w:Computing|compute]] the elements up to families of the form ''x''{''y''}''z'' (where ''x'' and ''z'' are strings (may be empty) of digits in base ''b'', ''y'' is a digit in base ''b'') (we call such families ''linear families''), and find the smallest prime &gt; ''b'' in all such families.

Shrinking the family ''x''{''Y''}''z'' (where ''x'' and ''z'' are strings (may be empty) of digits in base ''b'', ''Y'' is a set of digits in base ''b'')

* If ''y'' ∈ ''Y'' and the string ''xyyz'' represents a prime &gt; ''b'' in base ''b'' (in this case, add this prime to the list) or has a subsequence which represents a prime &gt; ''b'' in base ''b'', then ''x''{''Y''}''z'' can be replaced with ''x''{''Y'' \ ''y''}''z'' ∪ ''x''{''Y'' \ ''y''}''y''{''Y'' \ ''y''}''z''.
* If ''y''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; ∈ ''Y'' and ''y''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; ∈ ''Y'' and ''y''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; ≠ ''y''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and the string ''xy''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;''y''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;''z'' represents a prime &gt; ''b'' in base ''b'' (in this case, add this prime to the list) or has a subsequence which represents a prime &gt; ''b'' in base ''b'', then ''x''{''Y''}''z'' can be replaced with ''x''{''Y'' \ ''y''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;}{''Y'' \ ''y''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;}''z''.
* If ''y''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; ∈ ''Y'' and ''y''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; ∈ ''Y'' and ''y''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; ≠ ''y''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and both the strings ''xy''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;''y''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;''z'' and ''xy''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;''y''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;''z'' represent a prime &gt; ''b'' in base ''b'' (in this case, add this prime to the list) or have a subsequence which represents a prime &gt; ''b'' in base ''b'', then ''x''{''Y''}''z'' can be replaced with ''x''{''Y'' \ ''y''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;}''z'' ∪ ''x''{''Y'' \ ''y''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;}''z''.

e.g. in decimal (base ''b'' = 10):

* 2221 is a prime &gt; 10, thus the family 2{0,2}1 splits into the two families 2{0}1 and 2{0}2{0}1.
* 227 is a prime &gt; 10, and it is a subsequence of 5227, thus the family 5{0,2}7 splits into the two families 5{0}7 and 5{0}2{0}7.
* 449 is a prime &gt; 10, and it is a subsequence of 6449, thus the family 6{0,3,4,6,9}9 splits into the two families 6{0,3,6,9}9 and 6{0,3,6,9}4{0,3,6,9}9.
* Both 5051 and 5501 are primes &gt; 10, thus the family 5{0,5}1 splits into the two families 5{0}1 and 5{5}1 = {5}1.
* 8501 is a prime &gt; 10, thus the family 8{0,5}1 splits into the family 8{0}{5}1.
* 887 is a prime &gt; 10, and it is a subsequence of 2887, also 2087 is a prime &gt; 10, thus the family 2{0,8}7 splits into the two families 2{0}7 and 28{0}7.
* 349 and 449 are primes &gt; 10, and they are subsequences of 9349 and 9449, respectively, also 9049, 9649, 9949 are primes &gt; 10, thus the family 9{0,3,4,6,9}9 splits into the two families 9{0,3,6,9}9 and 94{0,3,6,9}9.
* 251, 281, 521, 821, 881 are primes &gt; 10, and they are subsequences of 9251, 9281, 9521, 9821, 9881, respectively, also 9001, 9221, 9551, 9851 are primes &gt; 10, thus the family 9{0,2,5,8}1 splits into the numbers {91, 901, 921, 951, 981, 9021, 9051, 9081, 9201, 9501, 9581, 9801, 90581, 95081, 95801}.

If the methods we have discussed cannot be used to rule out or shrink ''x''{''Y''}''z'' where ''Y'' = {''y''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;, ''y''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, ..., ''y''&lt;sub&gt;''n''&lt;/sub&gt;}, then we can replace ''x''{''Y''}''z'' by ''xy''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;{''Y''}''z'' ∪ ''xy''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;{''Y''}''z'' ∪ ... ∪ ''xy''&lt;sub&gt;''n''&lt;/sub&gt;{''Y''}''z'' and re-run the methods on this new [[:w:Formal language|language]].

If all remain families are linear families (i.e. of the form ''x''{''y''}''z'', where ''x'' and ''z'' are strings (may be empty) of digits in base ''b'', ''y'' is a digit in base ''b''), then we search the smallest (probable) primes in these families and add these primes to the list.

e.g. in decimal (base ''b'' = 10):

* The smallest prime in the family 5{0}27 is 5000000000000000000000000000027.
* The smallest prime in the family {5}1 is 555555555551.
* The smallest prime in the family 8{5}1 is 8555555555555555555551, but 8555555555555555555551 is not a minimal element since 555555555551 is a subsequence of 8555555555555555555551.

There is no guarantee that the techniques discussed will ever terminate, but in practice they often do. They are able to determine the set of the minimal elements in base ''b'' for 2 ≤ ''b'' ≤ 16 and ''b'' = 18, 20, 22, 24, 30. The bases ''b'' = 17, 19, 21, 23, 25 ≤ ''b'' ≤ 29, 31 ≤ ''b'' ≤ 36 are solved with the exception of 771 families of the form ''x''{''y''}''z'' (where ''x'' and ''z'' are strings (may be empty) of digits in base ''b'', ''y'' is a digit in base ''b'').

The following is a &quot;[[:w:Semi-algorithm|semi-algorithm]]&quot; that is guaranteed to solve the Athena problem for a given base ''b'', but it is not so easy to implement:

# ''M'' = ''[[:w:Empty string|∅]]''
# while (''L'' ≠ ''∅'') do
# choose ''x'', a shortest string in ''L''
# ''M'' := ''M'' ∪ {''x''}
# ''L'' := ''L'' − ''sup''({''x''})

In practice, for arbitrary ''L'', we cannot feasibly carry out step 5. Instead, we work with ''L''&amp;#39;, some regular overapproximation to ''L'', until we can show ''L''&amp;#39; = ''∅'' (which implies ''L'' = ''∅''). In practice, ''L''&amp;#39; is usually chosen to be a finite [[:w:Union (set theory)|union]] of sets of the form ''L''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;{''L''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;}''L''&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;, where each of ''L''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;, ''L''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, ''L''&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; is finite. In the case we consider in this project, we then have to determine whether such a family contains a prime or not.

Thus, Athena problem in bases ''b'' around 500 may be [[:w:NP-complete|NP-complete]] or [[:w:NP-hard|NP-hard]], or an [[:w:Undecidable problem|undecidable problem]], or an example of [[:w:Gödel's incompleteness theorems|Gödel's incompleteness theorems]] (like the [[:w:Continuum hypothesis|continuum hypothesis]] and the [[:w:Halting problem|halting problem]]).

To solve the Athena problem, we need to determine whether a given family contains a prime. In practice, if family ''x''{''Y''}''z'' (where ''x'' and ''z'' are strings (may be empty) of digits in base ''b'', ''Y'' is a set of digits in base ''b'') could not be ruled out as only containing composites and ''Y'' contains two or more digits, then a relatively small prime &gt; ''b'' could always be found in this family. Intuitively, this is because there are a large number of small strings in such a family, and at least one is likely to be prime (e.g. there are 2&lt;sup&gt;''n''−2&lt;/sup&gt; strings of length ''n'' in the family 1{3,7}9, and there are over a thousand strings of length 12 in the family 1{3,7}9, thus it is very impossible that these numbers are all composite). In the case ''Y'' contains only one digit, this family is of the form ''x''{''y''}''z'', and there is only a single string of each length &gt; (the length of ''x'' + the length of ''z''), and it is not known if the following [[:w:Decision problem|decision problem]] is recursively solvable (just like [[:w:Sierpiński number|Sierpiński problem]] and [[:w:Riesel number|Riesel problem]], Sierpiński problem and Riesel problem can be generalized to other bases ''b'', in fact, Athena problem in base ''b'' covers the Sierpiński problem in base ''b'' and the Riesel problem in base ''b'' with ''k'' &lt; ''b'', i.e. finding the smallest prime of the form ''k''×''b''&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;+1 and ''k''×''b''&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;−1 (or prove such prime does not exist) with ''k'' &lt; ''b'', since the smallest prime of the form ''k''×''b''&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;+1 and ''k''×''b''&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;−1 (if exists) must be a minimal element in base ''b''):

Problem: Given strings ''x'', ''z'' (may be empty), a digit ''y'', and a base ''b'' (''x'' does not [[:w:Leading zero|start with the digit 0]], ''z'' ends with a digit which [[:w:Coprime integers|coprime]] to ''b'', ''y'' is not 0 if ''x'' is empty, ''y'' is coprime to ''b'' if ''z'' is empty), does there exist a prime number whose base-''b'' expansion is of the form ''xy''&lt;sub&gt;''n''&lt;/sub&gt;''z'' for some ''n'' ≥ 0?

Some families can be ruled out to contain no prime &gt; ''b'' by [[:w:Covering set|covering congruence]], [[:w:Factorization of polynomials|algebraic factorization]] (e.g. [[:w:Difference of two squares|difference of two squares]], [[:w:Sum of two cubes|sum of two cubes]], [[:w:Sophie Germain's identity|Sophie Germain's identity of ''x''&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;+4×''y''&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;]]), or combine of them, e.g.

* The base 9 family 2{7}: Always divisible by 2 or 5
* The base 16 family {8}F: Always divisible by 3, 7, or 13
* The base 21 family {7}D: Always divisible by 2, 13, or 17
* The base 23 family {D}GA: Always divisible by 2, 5, 7, 37, or 79
* The base 9 family 3{8}: Can be written as 4×9&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;−1 and can be factored as (2×3&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;−1) × (2×3&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;+1)
* The base 8 family 1{0}1: Can be written as 8&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;+1 and can be factored as (2&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;+1) × (4&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;−2&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;+1)
* The base 16 family {4}1: Can be written as (4×16&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;−49)/15 and can be factored as (2×3&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;−7) × (2×3&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;+7) / 15
* The base 16 family {C}D: Can be written as (4×16&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;+1)/5 and can be factored as (2×4&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;−2×2&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;+1) × (2×4&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;+2×2&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;+1) / 5
* The base 14 family 8{D}: Can be written as 9×14&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;−1, it is divisible by 5 if ''n'' is odd and can be factored as (3×14&lt;sup&gt;''n''/2&lt;/sup&gt;−1) × (3×14&lt;sup&gt;''n''/2&lt;/sup&gt;+1) if ''n'' is even
* The base 12 family {B}9B: Can be written as 12&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;−25, it is divisible by 13 if ''n'' is odd and can be factored as (12&lt;sup&gt;''n''/2&lt;/sup&gt;−5) × (12&lt;sup&gt;''n''/2&lt;/sup&gt;+5) if ''n'' is even
* The base 17 family 1{9}: Can be written as (25×17&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;−9)/16, it is divisible by 2 if ''n'' is odd and can be factored as (5×17&lt;sup&gt;''n''/2&lt;/sup&gt;−3) × (5×17&lt;sup&gt;''n''/2&lt;/sup&gt;+3) / 16 if ''n'' is even
* The base 19 family 1{6}: Can be written as (4×19&lt;sup&gt;''n''&lt;/sup&gt;−1)/3, it is divisible by 5 if ''n'' is odd and can be factored as (2×19&lt;sup&gt;''n''/2&lt;/sup&gt;−1) × (2×19&lt;sup&gt;''n''/2&lt;/sup&gt;+1) / 3 if ''n'' is even

By the [[:w:Prime number theorem|prime number theorem]], the [[:w:Probability|chance]] that a [[:w:Random number|random]] ''n''-digit base ''b'' number is prime is [[:w:Asymptotic analysis|approximately]] 1/''n'' (more accurately, the chance is approximately 1/(''n''×''ln''(''b'')), where ''ln'' is the [[:w:Natural logarithm|natural logarithm]]). If one conjectures the numbers ''x''{''y''}''z'' behave similarly (i.e. the numbers ''x''{''y''}''z'' is a [[:w:Pseudorandomness|pseudorandom sequence]]) you would expect [[:w:Harmonic_series (mathematics)|1/1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + 1/4 + ... = ∞]] primes of the form ''x''{''y''}''z'' (of course, this does not always happen, since some ''x''{''y''}''z'' families can be ruled out to contain no prime &gt; ''b'' (by covering congruence, algebraic factorization, or combine of them), but it is at least a reasonable conjecture in the absence of evidence to the contrary. Hence, the [[:w:Heuristic argument|heuristic argument]] suggests there are always infinitely many primes in family ''x''{''y''}''z'' (where ''x'' and ''z'' are strings (may be empty) of digits in base ''b'', ''y'' is a digit in base ''b'') if it cannot be ruled out to contain no prime or only contain finitely many primes, by covering congruence, algebraic factorization, or combine of them. However, some families ''x''{''y''}''z'' could not be proven to contain no primes &gt; ''b'' (by covering congruence, algebraic factorization, or combine of them) but no primes &gt; ''b'' could be found in the family, even after searching through numbers with over 100000 digits. In such a case, the only way to proceed is to [[:w:Primality test|test the primality]] of larger and larger numbers of such form and hope a prime is eventually discovered. e.g. the smallest (probable) prime in the family A{3}A in base ''b'' = 13 is A3&lt;sub&gt;592197&lt;/sub&gt;A, which written in decimal contains 659677 digits (it is only probable prime, i.e. not definitely prime).

== Data ==

These are the results of the Athena problem in bases 2 ≤ ''b'' ≤ 36 (we stop at base 36 since this base is the maximum base for which it is possible to write the numbers with the [[:w:Symbol|symbol]]s 0, 1, 2, ..., 9 and A, B, C, ..., Z (i.e. the 10 [[:w:Arabic numerals|Arabic numerals]] and the 26 [[:w:Latin script|Latin letters]]): (some large primes are only probable primes, i.e. not definitely primes, since they are too large to be [[:w:Elliptic curve primality|ECPP proved]] and [[:w:Pocklington primality test#Extensions and variants|neither ''N''−1 nor ''N''+1 can be ≥ 1/3 factored]], all of them pass the [[:w:Baillie–PSW primality test|Baillie–PSW primality test]] and the [[:w:Strong pseudoprime|strong primality test]] (i.e. the [[:w:Miller–Rabin primality test|Miller–Rabin primality test]]) with all prime bases ''p'' ≤ 61, however, all primes &lt; 10&lt;sup&gt;25000&lt;/sup&gt; for bases ''b'' = 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 36 are definitely primes, most of them &gt; 10&lt;sup&gt;299&lt;/sup&gt; are proven primes with [[:w:Elliptic curve primality|ECPP proving]], others &gt; 10&lt;sup&gt;299&lt;/sup&gt; are proven primes with [[:w:Pocklington primality test#Extensions and variants|''N''−1 or ''N''+1 proving]])

All numbers are written in base ''b'', [[:w:Senary#Base 36 as senary compression|using A to Z to represent digit values 10 to 35]], &quot;{}&quot; means repeating, e.g. family 12{3}45 means the sequence {1245, 12345, 123345, 1233345, 12333345, 123333345, ...} (where the members are expressed as base ''b'' strings), subscripts are used to indicate repetitions of digits, e.g. 123&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;567 means 123333567 (all subscripts are written in decimal).

Base 2: 1 prime (the largest of which has 2 digits): {11}

Base 3: 3 primes (the largest of which has 3 digits): {12, 21, 111}

Base 4: 5 primes (the largest of which has 3 digits): {11, 13, 23, 31, 221}

Base 5: 22 primes (the largest of which has 96 digits): {12, 21, 23, 32, 34, 43, 104, 111, 131, 133, 313, 401, 414, 3101, 10103, 14444, 30301, 33001, 33331, 44441, 300031, 100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000013}

Base 6: 11 primes (the largest of which has 5 digits): {11, 15, 21, 25, 31, 35, 45, 51, 4401, 4441, 40041}

Base 7: 71 primes (the largest of which has 17 digits): {14, 16, 23, 25, 32, 41, 43, 52, 56, 61, 65, 113, 115, 131, 133, 155, 212, 221, 304, 313, 335, 344, 346, 364, 445, 515, 533, 535, 544, 551, 553, 1022, 1051, 1112, 1202, 1211, 1222, 2111, 3031, 3055, 3334, 3503, 3505, 3545, 4504, 4555, 5011, 5455, 5545, 5554, 6034, 6634, 11111, 11201, 30011, 30101, 31001, 31111, 33001, 33311, 35555, 40054, 100121, 150001, 300053, 351101, 531101, 1100021, 33333301, 5100000001, 33333333333333331}

Base 8: 75 primes (the largest of which has 221 digits): {13, 15, 21, 23, 27, 35, 37, 45, 51, 53, 57, 65, 73, 75, 107, 111, 117, 141, 147, 161, 177, 225, 255, 301, 343, 361, 401, 407, 417, 431, 433, 463, 467, 471, 631, 643, 661, 667, 701, 711, 717, 747, 767, 3331, 3411, 4043, 4443, 4611, 5205, 6007, 6101, 6441, 6477, 6707, 6777, 7461, 7641, 47777, 60171, 60411, 60741, 444641, 500025, 505525, 3344441, 4444477, 5500525, 5550525, 55555025, 444444441, 744444441, 77774444441, 7777777777771, 555555555555525, 44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444447}

Base 9: 151 primes (the largest of which has 1161 digits): {12, 14, 18, 21, 25, 32, 34, 41, 45, 47, 52, 58, 65, 67, 74, 78, 81, 87, 117, 131, 135, 151, 155, 175, 177, 238, 272, 308, 315, 331, 337, 355, 371, 375, 377, 438, 504, 515, 517, 531, 537, 557, 564, 601, 638, 661, 702, 711, 722, 735, 737, 751, 755, 757, 771, 805, 838, 1011, 1015, 1101, 1701, 2027, 2207, 3017, 3057, 3101, 3501, 3561, 3611, 3688, 3868, 5035, 5051, 5071, 5101, 5501, 5554, 5705, 5707, 7017, 7075, 7105, 7301, 8535, 8544, 8555, 8854, 20777, 22227, 22777, 30161, 33388, 50161, 50611, 53335, 55111, 55535, 55551, 57061, 57775, 70631, 71007, 77207, 100037, 100071, 100761, 105007, 270707, 301111, 305111, 333035, 333385, 333835, 338885, 350007, 500075, 530005, 555611, 631111, 720707, 2770007, 3030335, 7776662, 30300005, 30333335, 38333335, 51116111, 70000361, 300030005, 300033305, 351111111, 1300000007, 5161111111, 8333333335, 300000000035, 311111111161, 544444444444, 2000000000007, 5700000000001, 7270000000007, 88888888833335, 100000000000507, 5111111111111161, 7277777777777777707, 8888888888888888888335, 30000000000000000000051, 1000000000000000000000000057, 56111111111111111111111111111111111111, 7666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666662, 27777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777707, 300000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011}

Base 10: 77 primes (the largest of which has 31 digits): {11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, 97, 227, 251, 257, 277, 281, 349, 409, 449, 499, 521, 557, 577, 587, 727, 757, 787, 821, 827, 857, 877, 881, 887, 991, 2087, 2221, 5051, 5081, 5501, 5581, 5801, 5851, 6469, 6949, 8501, 9001, 9049, 9221, 9551, 9649, 9851, 9949, 20021, 20201, 50207, 60649, 80051, 666649, 946669, 5200007, 22000001, 60000049, 66000049, 66600049, 80555551, 555555555551, 5000000000000000000000000000027}

Base 11: 1068 primes (including 1 unproven probable prime: 57&lt;sub&gt;62668&lt;/sub&gt;), the largest of which has 62669 digits, see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel11 Data of Athena problem base 11]

Base 12: 106 primes (the largest of which has 42 digits): {11, 15, 17, 1B, 25, 27, 31, 35, 37, 3B, 45, 4B, 51, 57, 5B, 61, 67, 6B, 75, 81, 85, 87, 8B, 91, 95, A7, AB, B5, B7, 221, 241, 2A1, 2B1, 2BB, 401, 421, 447, 471, 497, 565, 655, 665, 701, 70B, 721, 747, 771, 77B, 797, 7A1, 7BB, 907, 90B, 9BB, A41, B21, B2B, 2001, 200B, 202B, 222B, 229B, 292B, 299B, 4441, 4707, 4777, 6A05, 6AA5, 729B, 7441, 7B41, 929B, 9777, 992B, 9947, 997B, 9997, A0A1, A201, A605, A6A5, AA65, B001, B0B1, BB01, BB41, 600A5, 7999B, 9999B, AAAA1, B04A1, B0B9B, BAA01, BAAA1, BB09B, BBBB1, 44AAA1, A00065, BBBAA1, AAA0001, B00099B, AA000001, BBBBBB99B, B0000000000000000000000000009B, 400000000000000000000000000000000000000077}

Base 13: 3197 primes (including 4 unproven probable primes: C5&lt;sub&gt;23755&lt;/sub&gt;C, 80&lt;sub&gt;32017&lt;/sub&gt;111, 95&lt;sub&gt;197420&lt;/sub&gt;, A3&lt;sub&gt;592197&lt;/sub&gt;A), the largest of which has 592199 digits, see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel13 Data of Athena problem base 13]

Base 14: 650 primes, the largest of which has 19699 digits, see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel14 Data of Athena problem base 14]

Base 15: 1284 primes, the largest of which has 157 digits, see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel15 Data of Athena problem base 15]

Base 16: 2347 primes (including 3 unproven probable primes: DB&lt;sub&gt;32234&lt;/sub&gt;, 4&lt;sub&gt;72785&lt;/sub&gt;DD, 3&lt;sub&gt;116137&lt;/sub&gt;AF), the largest of which has 116139 digits, see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel16 Data of Athena problem base 16]

Base 17: 10415 known primes (including many unproven probable primes) and 12 unsolved families (1{7}, 1F{0}7, 4{7}A, 70F{0}D, 8{B}9, 9{5}9, A{D}F, B{0}B3, {B}E9, {B}EE, F1{9}, FD0{D}, no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 200000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel17 Data of Athena problem base 17] and [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/left17 Data of unsolved families for base 17]

Base 18: 549 primes, the largest of which has 6271 digits, see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel18 Data of Athena problem base 18]

Base 19: 31417 known primes (including many unproven probable primes) and 17 unsolved families (4B5{0}H, {5}3, 5{H}05, 5{H}0H, 5{H}5, 66{B}, 71{0}177, 7AF{0}H, 97{0}3, C{H}C, EE1{6}, F{7}5, F{B}G, F{D}F, H0F{0}7A, HB{0}5B5, II{D}, no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 200000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel19 Data of Athena problem base 19] and [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/left19 Data of unsolved families for base 19]

Base 20: 3314 primes, the largest of which has 6271 digits, see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel20 Data of Athena problem base 20]

Base 21: 13386 known primes (including many unproven probable primes) and 8 unsolved families (5{0}DJ, {9}D, B3{0}EB, B{H}6H, C{F}0K, {F}35, G{0}FK, H{0}7771, no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 200000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel21 Data of Athena problem base 21] and [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/left21 Data of unsolved families for base 21]

Base 22: 8003 primes (including 1 unproven probable prime: BK&lt;sub&gt;22001&lt;/sub&gt;5), the largest of which has 22003 digits, see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel22 Data of Athena problem base 22]

Base 23: 65178 known primes (including many unproven probable primes) and 87 unsolved families (no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 100000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel23 Data of Athena problem base 23] and [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/left23 Data of unsolved families for base 23]

Base 24: 3409 primes, the largest of which has 8134 digits, see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel24 Data of Athena problem base 24]

Base 25: 133639 known primes (including many unproven probable primes) and 85 unsolved families (no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 100000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel25 Data of Athena problem base 25] and [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/left25 Data of unsolved families for base 25]

Base 26: 25256 known primes (including 7 unproven probable primes: 5&lt;sub&gt;19391&lt;/sub&gt;6F, 7&lt;sub&gt;20279&lt;/sub&gt;OL, LD0&lt;sub&gt;20975&lt;/sub&gt;7, 6K&lt;sub&gt;23300&lt;/sub&gt;5, J0&lt;sub&gt;44303&lt;/sub&gt;KCB, M0&lt;sub&gt;61186&lt;/sub&gt;2BB, 85M&lt;sub&gt;197060&lt;/sub&gt;B) and 3 unsolved families ({A}6F, {H}MH, {I}GL, no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 200000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel26 Data of Athena problem base 26]

Base 27: 102852 known primes (including many unproven probable primes) and 44 unsolved families (no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 100000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel27 Data of Athena problem base 27] and [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/left27 Data of unsolved families for base 27]

Base 28: 25528 known primes (including 3 unproven probable primes: N6&lt;sub&gt;24051&lt;/sub&gt;LR, 5OA&lt;sub&gt;31238&lt;/sub&gt;F, O4O&lt;sub&gt;94535&lt;/sub&gt;9) and 1 unsolved family (O{A}F, no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 709070, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel28 Data of Athena problem base 28]

Base 29: 355242 known primes (including many unproven probable primes) and 125 unsolved families (no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 100000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel29 Data of Athena problem base 29] and [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/left29 Data of unsolved families for base 29]

Base 30: 2619 primes (including 1 unproven probable prime: I0&lt;sub&gt;24608&lt;/sub&gt;D), the largest of which has 34206 digits, see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel30 Data of Athena problem base 30]

Base 31: 569323 known primes (including many unproven probable primes) and 77 unsolved families (no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 100000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel31 Data of Athena problem base 31] and [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/left31 Data of unsolved families for base 31]

Base 32: 168882 known primes (including many unproven probable primes) and 120 unsolved families (no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 100000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel32 Data of Athena problem base 32] and [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/left32 Data of unsolved families for base 32]

Base 33: 280012 known primes (including many unproven probable primes) and 81 unsolved families (no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 100000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel33 Data of Athena problem base 33] and [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/left33 Data of unsolved families for base 33]

Base 34: 184785 known primes (including many unproven probable primes) and 47 unsolved families (no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 100000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel34 Data of Athena problem base 34] and [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/left34 Data of unsolved families for base 34]

Base 35: 720002 known primes (including many unproven probable primes) and 60 unsolved families (no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 100000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel35 Data of Athena problem base 35] and [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/left35 Data of unsolved families for base 35]

Base 36: 35286 known primes (including 3 unproven probable primes: 7K&lt;sub&gt;26567&lt;/sub&gt;Z, S0&lt;sub&gt;75007&lt;/sub&gt;8H, P&lt;sub&gt;81993&lt;/sub&gt;SZ) and 4 unsolved families (B{0}EUV, HM{0}N, N{0}YYN, O{L}Z, no primes or probable primes with length ≤ 200000, nor can be proven to only contain composites), see [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xayahrainie4793/minimal-elements-of-the-prime-numbers/main/kernel36 Data of Athena problem base 36]

== The fully proof of Athena problem in decimal (base ''b'' = 10) ==

'''Bold''' for the minimal elements, ''x'' ◁ ''y'' means ''x'' is a subsequence of ''y''.

Assume ''p'' is a prime &gt; 10, and the last digit of ''p'' must lie in {1,3,7,9}.

Case 1: ''p'' ends with 1.

In this case we can write ''p'' = ''x''1. If ''x'' contains 1, 3, 4, 6, or 7, then (respectively) '''11''' ◁ ''p'', '''31''' ◁ ''p'', '''41''' ◁ ''p'', '''61''' ◁ ''p'', or '''71''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume all digits of ''x'' are 0, 2, 5, 8, or 9.

Case 1.1: ''p'' begins with 2.

In this case we can write ''p'' = 2''y''1. If 5 ◁ ''y'', then '''251''' ◁ ''p''. If 8 ◁ ''y'', then '''281''' ◁ ''p''. If 9 ◁ ''y'', then 29 ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume all digits of ''y'' are 0 or 2.

If 22 ◁ ''y'', then '''2221''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''y'' contains zero or one 2's.

If ''y'' contains no 2's, then ''p'' ∈ 2{0}1. But then, since the sum of the digits of ''p'' is 3, ''p'' is divisible by 3, so ''p'' cannot be prime.

If ''y'' contains exactly one 2, then we can write ''p'' = 2''z''2''w''1, where ''z'',''w'' ∈ {0}. If 0 ◁ ''z'' and 0 ◁ ''w'', then '''20201''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume either ''z'' or ''w'' is empty.

If ''z'' is empty, then ''p'' ∈ 22{0}1, and the smallest prime ''p'' ∈ 22{0}1 is '''22000001'''.

If ''w'' is empty, then ''p'' ∈ 2{0}21, and the smallest prime ''p'' ∈ 2{0}21 is '''20021'''.

Case 1.2: ''p'' begins with 5.

In this case we can write ''p'' = 5''y''1. If 2 ◁ ''y'', then '''521''' ◁ ''p''. If 9 ◁ ''y'', then 59 ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume all digits of ''y'' are 0, 5, or 8.

If 05 ◁ ''y'', then '''5051''' ◁ ''p''. If 08 ◁ ''y'', then '''5081''' ◁ ''p''. If 50 ◁ ''y'', then '''5501''' ◁ ''p''. If 58 ◁ ''y'', then '''5581''' ◁ ''p''. If 80 ◁ ''y'', then '''5801''' ◁ ''p''. If 85 ◁ ''y'', then '''5851''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''y'' ∈ {0} ∪ {5} ∪ {8}.

If ''y'' ∈ {0}, then ''p'' ∈ 5{0}1. But then, since the sum of the digits of ''p'' is 6, ''p'' is divisible by 3, so ''p'' cannot be prime.

If ''y'' ∈ {5}, then ''p'' ∈ 5{5}1, and the smallest prime ''p'' ∈ 5{5}1 is '''555555555551'''.

If ''y'' ∈ {8}, since if 88 ◁ ''y'', then 881 ◁ ''p'', hence we may assume ''y'' ∈ {''𝜆'',8}, and thus ''p'' ∈ {51,581}, but 51 and 581 are both composite.

Case 1.3: ''p'' begins with 8.

In this case we can write p = 8''y''1. If 2 ◁ ''y'', then '''821''' ◁ ''p''. If 8 ◁ ''y'', then '''881''' ◁ ''p''. If 9 ◁ ''y'', then 89 ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume all digits of ''y'' are 0 or 5.

If 50 ◁ ''y'', then '''8501''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume y ∈ {0}{5}.

If 005 ◁ ''y'', then '''80051''' ◁ p. Hence we may assume y ∈ {0} ∪ {5} ∪ 0{5}.

If y ∈ {0}, then ''p'' ∈ 8{0}1. But then, since the sum of the digits of ''p'' is 9, ''p'' is divisible by 3, so ''p'' cannot be prime.

If y ∈ {5}, since if 55555555555 ◁ ''y'', then 555555555551 ◁ ''p'', hence we may assume ''y'' ∈ {''𝜆'', 5, 55, 555, 5555, 55555, 555555, 5555555, 55555555, 555555555, 5555555555}, and thus ''p'' ∈ {81, 851, 8551, 85551, 855551, 8555551, 85555551, 855555551, 8555555551, 85555555551, 855555555551}, but all of these numbers are composite.

If y ∈ 0{5}, since if 55555555555 ◁ ''y'', then 555555555551 ◁ ''p'', hence we may assume ''y'' ∈ {0, 05, 055, 0555, 05555, 055555, 0555555, 05555555, 055555555, 0555555555, 05555555555}, and thus ''p'' ∈ {801, 8051, 80551, 805551, 8055551, 80555551, 805555551, 8055555551, 80555555551, 805555555551, 8055555555551}, and of these numbers only 80555551 and 8055555551 are primes, but 80555551 ◁ 8055555551, thus only '''80555551''' is a minimal element.

Case 1.4: ''p'' begins with 9.

In this case we can write p = 9''y''1. If 9 ◁ ''y'', then '''991''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume all digits of ''y'' are 0, 2, 5, or 8.

If 00 ◁ ''y'', then '''9001''' ◁ ''p''. If 22 ◁ ''y'', then '''9221''' ◁ ''p''. If 55 ◁ ''y'', then '''9551''' ◁ ''p''. If 88 ◁ ''y'', then 881 ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''y'' contains at most one 0, at most one 2, at most one 5, and at most one 8.

If ''y'' only contains at most one 0 and does not contain any of {2,5,8}, then ''y'' ∈ {''𝜆'',0}, and thus ''p'' ∈ {91,901}, but 91 and 901 are both composite. If ''y'' only contains at most one 0 and only one of {2,5,8}, then the sum of the digits of ''p'' is divisible by 3, ''p'' is divisible by 3, so ''p'' cannot be prime. Hence we may assume ''y'' contains at least two of {2,5,8}.

If 25 ◁ ''y'', then 251 ◁ ''p''. If 28 ◁ ''y'', then 281 ◁ ''p''. If 52 ◁ ''y'', then 521 ◁ ''p''. If 82 ◁ ''y'', then 821 ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''y'' contains no 2's (since if ''y'' contains 2, then ''y'' cannot contain either 5's or 8's, which is a contradiction).

If 85 ◁ ''y'', then '''9851''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''y'' ∈ {58,580,508,058}, and thus ''p'' ∈ {9581,95801,95081,90581}, and of these numbers only 95801 is prime, but 95801 is not a minimal element since 5801 ◁ 95801.

Case 2: ''p'' ends with 3.

In this case we can write p = ''x''3. If ''x'' contains 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, or 8, then (respectively) '''13''' ◁ ''p'', '''23''' ◁ ''p'', '''43''' ◁ ''p'', '''53''' ◁ ''p'', '''73''' ◁ ''p'', or '''83''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume all digits of ''x'' are 0, 3, 6, or 9, and thus all digits of ''p'' are 0, 3, 6, or 9. But then, since the digits of ''p'' all have a common factor 3, ''p'' is divisible by 3, so ''p'' cannot be prime.

Case 3: ''p'' ends with 7.

In this case we can write ''p'' = ''x''7. If ''x'' contains 1, 3, 4, 6, or 9, then (respectively) '''17''' ◁ ''p'', '''37''' ◁ ''p'', '''47''' ◁ ''p'', '''67''' ◁ ''p'', or '''97''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume all digits of ''x'' are 0, 2, 5, 7, or 8.

Case 3.1: ''p'' begins with 2.

In this case we can write ''p'' = 2''y''7. If 2 ◁ ''y'', then '''227''' ◁ ''p''. If 5 ◁ ''y'', then '''257''' ◁ ''p''. If 7 ◁ ''y'', then '''277''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume all digits of ''y'' are 0 or 8.

If 08 ◁ ''y'', then '''2087''' ◁ ''p''. If 88 ◁ ''y'', then 887 ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''y'' ∈ {0} ∪ 8{0}.

If ''y'' ∈ {0}, then ''p'' ∈ 2{0}7. But then, since the sum of the digits of ''p'' is 9, ''p'' is divisible by 3, so ''p'' cannot be prime.

If y ∈ 8{0}, then ''p'' ∈ 28{0}7. But then ''p'' is divisible by 7, since for ''n'' ≥ 0 we have 7 × 40&lt;sub&gt;''n''&lt;/sub&gt;1 = 280&lt;sub&gt;''n''&lt;/sub&gt;7.

Case 3.2: ''p'' begins with 5.

In this case we can write ''p'' = 5''y''7. If 5 ◁ ''y'', then '''557''' ◁ ''p''. If 7 ◁ ''y'', then '''577''' ◁ ''p''. If 8 ◁ ''y'', then '''587''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume all digits of ''y'' are 0 or 2.

If 22 ◁ ''y'', then 227 ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''y'' contains zero or one 2's.

If ''y'' contains no 2's, then ''p'' ∈ 5{0}7. But then, since the sum of the digits of ''p'' is 12, ''p'' is divisible by 3, so ''p'' cannot be prime.

If ''y'' contains exactly one 2, then we can write ''p'' = 5''z''2''w''7, where ''z'',''w'' ∈ {0}. If 0 ◁ ''z'' and 0 ◁ ''w'', then '''50207''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume either ''z'' or ''w'' is empty.

If ''z'' is empty, then ''p'' ∈ 52{0}7, and the smallest prime ''p'' ∈ 52{0}7 is '''5200007'''.

If ''w'' is empty, then ''p'' ∈ 5{0}27, and the smallest prime ''p'' ∈ 5{0}27 is '''5000000000000000000000000000027'''.

Case 3.3: ''p'' begins with 7.

In this case we can write ''p'' = 7''y''7. If 2 ◁ ''y'', then '''727''' ◁ ''p''. If 5 ◁ ''y'', then '''757''' ◁ ''p''. If 8 ◁ ''y'', then '''787''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume all digits of ''y'' are 0 or 7, and thus all digits of ''p'' are 0 or 7. But then, since the digits of ''p'' all have a common factor 7, ''p'' is divisible by 7, so ''p'' cannot be prime.

Case 3.4: ''p'' begins with 8.

In this case we can write ''p'' = 8''y''7. If 2 ◁ ''y'', then '''827''' ◁ ''p''. If 5 ◁ ''y'', then '''857''' ◁ ''p''. If 7 ◁ ''y'', then '''877''' ◁ ''p''. If 8 ◁ ''y'', then '''887''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''y'' ∈ {0}, and thus ''p'' ∈ 8{0}7. But then, since the sum of the digits of ''p'' is 15, ''p'' is divisible by 3, so ''p'' cannot be prime.

Case 4: ''p'' ends with 9.

In this case we can write ''p'' = ''x''9. If ''x'' contains 1, 2, 5, 7, or 8, then (respectively) '''19''' ◁ ''p'', '''29''' ◁ ''p'', '''59''' ◁ ''p'', '''79''' ◁ ''p'', or '''89''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume all digits of ''x'' are 0, 3, 4, 6, or 9.

If 44 ◁ ''x'', then '''449''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''x'' contains zero or one 4's.

If x contains no 4's, then all digits of ''x'' are 0, 3, 6, or 9, and thus all digits of ''p'' are 0, 3, 6, or 9. But then, since the digits of ''p'' all have a common factor 3, ''p'' is divisible by 3, so ''p'' cannot be prime. Hence we may assume that ''x'' contains exactly one 4.

Case 4.1: ''p'' begins with 3.

In this case we can write ''p'' = 3''y''4''z''9, where all digits of ''y'', ''z'' are 0, 3, 6, or 9. We must have '''349''' ◁ ''p''.

Case 4.2: ''p'' begins with 4.

In this case we can write ''p'' = 4''y''9, where all digits of ''y'' are 0, 3, 6, or 9. If 0 ◁ ''y'', then '''409''' ◁ ''p''. If 3 ◁ ''y'', then 43 ◁ ''p''. If 9 ◁ ''y'', then '''499''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''y'' ∈ {6}, and thus ''p'' ∈ 4{6}9. But then ''p'' is divisible by 7, since for ''n'' ≥ 0 we have 7 × 6&lt;sub&gt;''n''&lt;/sub&gt;7 = 46&lt;sub&gt;''n''&lt;/sub&gt;9.

Case 4.3: ''p'' begins with 6.

In this case we can write p = 6''y''4''z''9, where all digits of ''y'', ''z'' are 0, 3, 6, or 9. If 0 ◁ ''z'', then 409 ◁ ''p''. If 3 ◁ ''z'', then 43 ◁ ''p''. If 6 ◁ ''z'', then '''6469''' ◁ ''p''. If 9 ◁ ''z'', then 499 ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''z'' is empty.

If 3 ◁ ''y'', then 349 ◁ ''p''. If 9 ◁ ''y'', then '''6949''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume all digits of ''y'' are 0 or 6.

If 06 ◁ ''y'', then '''60649''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''y'' ∈ {6}{0}.

If 666 ◁ ''y'', then '''666649''' ◁ ''p''. If 00000 ◁ ''y'', then '''60000049''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''y'' ∈ {''𝜆'', 0, 00, 000, 0000, 6, 60, 600, 6000, 60000, 66, 660, 6600, 66000, 660000}, and thus ''p'' ∈ {649, 6049, 60049, 600049, 6000049, 6649, 66049, 660049, 6600049, 66000049, 66649, 666049, 6660049, 66600049, 666000049}, and of these numbers only '''66000049''' and '''66600049''' are primes.

Case 4.4: ''p'' begins with 9.

In this case we can write p = 9''y''4''z''9, where all digits of ''y'', ''z'' are 0, 3, 6, or 9. If 0 ◁ ''y'', then '''9049''' ◁ ''p''. If 3 ◁ ''y'', then 349 ◁ ''p''. If 6 ◁ ''y'', then '''9649''' ◁ ''p''. If 9 ◁ ''y'', then '''9949''' ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''y'' is empty.

If 0 ◁ ''z'', then 409 ◁ ''p''. If 3 ◁ ''z'', then 43 ◁ ''p''. If 9 ◁ ''z'', then 499 ◁ ''p''. Hence we may assume ''z'' ∈ {6}, and thus ''p'' ∈ 94{6}9, and the smallest prime ''p'' ∈ 94{6}9 is 946669.

[[Category:Number theory]]</text>
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      <text bytes="6675" sha1="3i591jl0dfvp6jrb36jg7ln5q753ntc" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name = Dr. Albert Dawn
| image = Albert_Dawn.jpg
| caption = Dr Albert Dawn in 2025
| born = 27 June 1989 (age 36)
| birth_place = Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| nationality = Indian
| education = MBBS&lt;br&gt;MD (General Medicine)&lt;br&gt;DFM (RCGP, UK)
| occupation = Doctor, Consultant Physician, Intensivist, Entrepreneur
| years_active = 2016–present
| known_for = Internal Medicine, Critical Care, Healthcare initiatives, Petroleum business family legacy
| notable_works = Medical research papers and healthcare awareness initiatives
| awards = Bharat Ratna Samman – Certificate of Excellence (2025)&lt;br&gt;National Doctor's Day Excellence Award (2025)
| parents = Mr Kanchan Kumar Dawn
| religion = Hinduism
}}

'''Dr. Albert Dawn''' is an Indian doctor, consultant physician, intensivist, and entrepreneur. He comes from a pretty well-known business family tied to the petroleum industry in Eastern India for four generations, so you can say the background is solid. He’s often recognized for his work in internal medicine, critical care, and for healthcare awareness kind of initiatives. Over the years he has worked with reputed hospitals like Apollo Gleneagles Hospital, AMRI Hospitals, IQ City Medical College Hospital, and M.P. Birla Hospital. Besides all the medical stuff, he is also engaged in social welfare activities and public healthcare efforts, kind of regularly. He is also involved with keeping his family’s 170-year-old Jagadhatri Puja tradition going in Kolkata, not just as a ritual but as continuation, if you know what I mean.

== Early Life &amp; Education ==

Dr. Albert Dawn was born in Kolkata, West Bengal, India, on 27 June 1989. He comes from a well known business family tied with the petroleum industry across Eastern India for almost a hundred years.

His family was linked to one of the very first petrol import efforts in Eastern India around 1929 and they helped the growth of the petrol pump trade in the region. At the start they were operating out of Old China Bazar Street in Kolkata, later moving things to Central Avenue, Kolkata. It was kind of a slow shift, you know.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Education / Qualification
! Institution / Organization
|-
| MBBS
| West Bengal University of Health Sciences
|-
| MD (General Medicine)
| West Bengal University of Health Sciences
|-
| DFM (Family Medicine)
| Royal College of General Practitioners, UK
|-
| DECC
| University of New Castle, Australia
|-
| FCD
| University of Cardiff, UK
|-
| Certificate Course in Diabetes
| Royal College of Physicians, UK
|-
| FCC
| American College of Cardiology, USA
|-
| IFD (Fellowship in Diabetes)
| Royal Liverpool Academy, UK
|-
| ACMDC
| World Heart Federation, Geneva
|-
| CCMH
| British &amp; Irish Hypertension Society, UK
|-
| ACLS Instructor
| American Heart Association, USA
|}

== Career ==

Dr. Albert Dawn started out in critical care as well as internal medicine, and during that journey he also spent time with a few well known hospitals across India, in a sort of steady rhythm. He was a Critical Care Registrar at Apollo Gleneagles Hospital Ltd, Kolkata, where he managed critically ill patients and also handled urgent emergency medical situations. After that, he later joined Woodlands Multispeciality Hospital, Kolkata as Deputy Medical Superintendent, sort of focusing on running the hospital day to day operations, coordinating care routines and patient flow in a very practical manner. Dr. Dawn also worked as a Gastroenterology Registrar at AMRI Hospitals, Mukundapur, Kolkata, and at the same time stayed actively involved in emergency care and hands on patient support, in particular during his MD training at IQ City Medical College &amp; Hospital, Kolkata.

From May 2022 to April 2024, he worked as Junior Consultant and in-charge of the Day Care Oncology Unit at Apollo Multispeciality Hospital Ltd, Kolkata. Then from April 2024 until March 2025 he served as Consultant and HOD, Critical Care &amp; Emergency at IQ City Medical College Hospital, Durgapur, and yes it was very demanding. In April 2025 he shifted to M.P. Birla Hospital, Satra, Madhya Pradesh, as Consultant Internal Medicine &amp; Intensivist. His strengths span internal medicine, diabetes, pulmonary care, cardiology, emergency medicine, and critical care, basically the areas where decisions need to be quick and also precise.

== Notable Works ==

Dr. Albert Dawn is fairly well known for bringing in a handful of healthcare and social initiatives that are linked to the petroleum sector and public welfare, not just in theory but in actual ground work. He pushed emergency healthcare awareness quite early by helping petrol pump staff become BLS (Basic Life Support) certified, and he also set up a Pink Zone for women at a Bharat Petroleum petrol pump near VIP More, Kolkata, so it felt more welcoming. On top of that, he arranged healthcare awareness seminars, medical camps, and a mix of public welfare work across Kolkata as well as the rural areas. Dr. Dawn has contributed to academic and medical research through his authored research papers, and that side of it, seems to keep growing year after year.

== Achievements and Recognition ==

Dr. Albert Dawn got a bit of recognition, for his work across internal medicine, critical care, and public healthcare initiatives, it’s kind of broad. He has completed several international fellowships plus certifications that came through institutions in the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia, and Geneva. Also, he took part in clinical mentoring programs and healthcare awareness campaigns, on and off, over time.

In addition, people view him as a successor and a caretaker of his family’s 170-year-old Jagadhatri Puja tradition in Kolkata, so you know it’s not just professional, there’s that continuity part as well.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Year
! Award
! Presented By
! Recognition
|-
| 2025
| Bharat Ratna Samman – Certificate of Excellence
| Bharat Ratna Samman Organization
| Recognized for outstanding dedication and excellence in the field of Medicine and Intensive Care
|-
| 2025
| National Doctor's Day 2025 Excellence Award
| We Care Media &amp; White Coat Legend
| Honoured for contribution to Critical Care Medicine and Diabetology
|}

== Personal Life ==

Dr. Albert Dawn is based in Kolkata, West Bengal. Besides his medical profession, he stays actively tied to his family’s petroleum business, and also the cultural traditions that comes along with it. He can speak Bengali, English and Hindi too.

== External Links ==

== See also ==
* [[Dr. Rahul Banerjee]]
* [[Dr. Samyak Tiwari]]
* [[Dr. Ibrarul Hasan]]
* [[Omkar Prasad Baidya]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}</text>
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      <text bytes="7037" sha1="lmheos1u1s30lo21s6ggt816mdplegk" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name = Dr. Albert Dawn
| image = Albert_Dawn.jpg
| caption = Dr. Albert Dawn in 2025
| birth_date = 27 June 1989
| birth_place = Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| nationality = Indian
| occupation = Doctor, Consultant Physician, Intensivist, Entrepreneur
| years_active = 2016–present
| known_for = Internal Medicine, Critical Care, Healthcare Awareness, Public Health Initiatives
}}

= Dr. Albert Dawn =

{{Short description|Indian doctor, consultant physician, intensivist and entrepreneur}}

'''Dr. Albert Dawn''' is an Indian doctor, consultant physician, intensivist, healthcare entrepreneur, and public health advocate based in Kolkata, West Bengal, India. He is known for his contributions in internal medicine, critical care, emergency medicine, diabetology, and healthcare awareness initiatives across Eastern India.

Over the years, Dr. Albert Dawn has worked with several reputed hospitals including Apollo Gleneagles Hospital, AMRI Hospitals, IQ City Medical College Hospital, Apollo Multispeciality Hospital Kolkata, and M.P. Birla Hospital. Besides his medical career, he is also associated with social healthcare campaigns, emergency response awareness programs, and public welfare initiatives.

Dr. Albert Dawn belongs to a prominent business family historically connected with the petroleum industry in Eastern India for multiple generations. His family is associated with some of the early petroleum trade developments and fuel distribution initiatives in Kolkata during the twentieth century.

== Early Life and Background ==

Dr. Albert Dawn was born on 27 June 1989 in Kolkata, West Bengal, India. He was raised in a family with a strong background in business, healthcare awareness, and cultural traditions.

His family played a role in the growth of petroleum trade and fuel retail operations in Eastern India. Historical family business activities were connected with early petrol import initiatives and petrol pump operations in Kolkata around the 1920s and 1930s.

Apart from his professional career, Dr. Dawn is also involved in preserving his family’s long-standing Jagadhatri Puja tradition in Kolkata, which has reportedly continued for more than 170 years.

== Education ==

Dr. Albert Dawn completed his medical education and professional certifications from several national and international institutions.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Qualification
! Institution
|-
| MBBS
| West Bengal University of Health Sciences
|-
| MD (General Medicine)
| West Bengal University of Health Sciences
|-
| DFM (Family Medicine)
| Royal College of General Practitioners, United Kingdom
|-
| DECC
| University of Newcastle, Australia
|-
| FCD
| University of Cardiff, United Kingdom
|-
| Certificate Course in Diabetes
| Royal College of Physicians, United Kingdom
|-
| FCC
| American College of Cardiology, United States
|-
| Fellowship in Diabetes
| Royal Liverpool Academy, United Kingdom
|-
| ACMDC
| World Heart Federation, Geneva
|-
| CCMH
| British and Irish Hypertension Society
|-
| ACLS Instructor
| American Heart Association, United States
|}

== Medical Career ==

Dr. Albert Dawn started his professional journey in internal medicine and critical care. During his career, he has served in multiple hospitals and healthcare institutions across India.

He worked as a Critical Care Registrar at Apollo Gleneagles Hospital, Kolkata, where he managed critically ill patients and emergency medical cases. Later, he joined Woodlands Multispeciality Hospital as Deputy Medical Superintendent and was involved in hospital administration and patient care management.

He also worked with AMRI Hospitals, Mukundapur, as a Gastroenterology Registrar while continuing advanced medical training and emergency patient management.

From May 2022 to April 2024, Dr. Dawn served as Junior Consultant and In-charge of the Day Care Oncology Unit at Apollo Multispeciality Hospital, Kolkata.

Between April 2024 and March 2025, he worked as Consultant and Head of Department of Critical Care and Emergency Medicine at IQ City Medical College Hospital, Durgapur.

In April 2025, he joined M.P. Birla Hospital as Consultant in Internal Medicine and Intensivist.

His areas of expertise include:

* Internal Medicine
* Critical Care Medicine
* Emergency Medicine
* Diabetology
* Pulmonary Care
* Cardiology Support Care

== Healthcare and Social Initiatives ==

Dr. Albert Dawn has been associated with several healthcare awareness programs and public welfare initiatives.

He promoted emergency healthcare awareness among petrol pump workers and encouraged Basic Life Support (BLS) training initiatives for frontline workers.

He also supported the establishment of a women-friendly “Pink Zone” at a Bharat Petroleum outlet near VIP More, Kolkata.

Apart from medical practice, he has participated in healthcare seminars, medical camps, rural awareness programs, and public health outreach activities.

== Research and Academic Contributions ==

Dr. Albert Dawn has contributed to medical research and healthcare education through research publications, awareness campaigns, and academic participation in conferences and professional healthcare programs.

He has completed several international fellowships and certifications from institutions in the United Kingdom, United States, Australia, and Geneva.

== Awards and Recognition ==

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Year
! Award
! Organization
! Recognition
|-
| 2025
| Bharat Ratna Samman – Certificate of Excellence
| Bharat Ratna Samman Organization
| Recognized for dedication and excellence in medicine and intensive care
|-
| 2025
| National Doctor's Day Excellence Award
| We Care Media and White Coat Legend
| Honoured for contribution to critical care medicine and diabetology
|}

== Personal Life ==

Dr. Albert Dawn resides in Kolkata, West Bengal. Along with his medical profession, he remains connected with his family’s traditional business background and cultural heritage.

He can speak Bengali, English, and Hindi.

== Search Engine Optimization Keywords ==

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dawn, Albert}}

[[Category:Indian doctors]]
[[Category:Indian physicians]]
[[Category:Intensivists]]
[[Category:People from Kolkata]]
[[Category:1989 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Healthcare professionals in India]]
```

## Important SEO Notes

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No one can guarantee a page will rank #1 in search results, because ranking depends on Google indexing, authority, backlinks, competition, and search quality signals.</text>
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| name = Dr. Albert Dawn
| image = Albert_Dawn.jpg
| caption = Dr. Albert Dawn in 2025
| birth_date = 27 June 1989
| birth_place = Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| nationality = Indian
| occupation = Doctor, Consultant Physician, Intensivist, Entrepreneur
| years_active = 2016–present
| known_for = Internal Medicine, Critical Care, Healthcare Awareness, Public Health Initiatives
}}

= Dr. Albert Dawn =

{{Short description|Indian doctor, consultant physician, intensivist and entrepreneur}}

'''Dr. Albert Dawn''' is an Indian doctor, consultant physician, intensivist, healthcare entrepreneur, and public health advocate based in Kolkata, West Bengal, India. He is known for his contributions in internal medicine, critical care, emergency medicine, diabetology, and healthcare awareness initiatives across Eastern India.

Over the years, Dr. Albert Dawn has worked with several reputed hospitals including Apollo Gleneagles Hospital, AMRI Hospitals, IQ City Medical College Hospital, Apollo Multispeciality Hospital Kolkata, and M.P. Birla Hospital. Besides his medical career, he is also associated with social healthcare campaigns, emergency response awareness programs, and public welfare initiatives.

Dr. Albert Dawn belongs to a prominent business family historically connected with the petroleum industry in Eastern India for multiple generations. His family is associated with some of the early petroleum trade developments and fuel distribution initiatives in Kolkata during the twentieth century.

= Early Life and Background =

Dr. Albert Dawn was born on 27 June 1989 in Kolkata, West Bengal, India. He was raised in a family with a strong background in business, healthcare awareness, and cultural traditions.

His family played a role in the growth of petroleum trade and fuel retail operations in Eastern India. Historical family business activities were connected with early petrol import initiatives and petrol pump operations in Kolkata around the 1920s and 1930s.

Apart from his professional career, Dr. Dawn is also involved in preserving his family’s long-standing Jagadhatri Puja tradition in Kolkata, which has reportedly continued for more than 170 years.

= Education =

Dr. Albert Dawn completed his medical education and professional certifications from several national and international institutions.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Qualification
! Institution
|-
| MBBS
| West Bengal University of Health Sciences
|-
| MD (General Medicine)
| West Bengal University of Health Sciences
|-
| DFM (Family Medicine)
| Royal College of General Practitioners, United Kingdom
|-
| DECC
| University of Newcastle, Australia
|-
| FCD
| University of Cardiff, United Kingdom
|-
| Certificate Course in Diabetes
| Royal College of Physicians, United Kingdom
|-
| FCC
| American College of Cardiology, United States
|-
| Fellowship in Diabetes
| Royal Liverpool Academy, United Kingdom
|-
| ACMDC
| World Heart Federation, Geneva
|-
| CCMH
| British and Irish Hypertension Society
|-
| ACLS Instructor
| American Heart Association, United States
|}

= Medical Career =

Dr. Albert Dawn started his professional journey in internal medicine and critical care. During his career, he has served in multiple hospitals and healthcare institutions across India.

He worked as a Critical Care Registrar at Apollo Gleneagles Hospital, Kolkata, where he managed critically ill patients and emergency medical cases. Later, he joined Woodlands Multispeciality Hospital as Deputy Medical Superintendent and was involved in hospital administration and patient care management.

He also worked with AMRI Hospitals, Mukundapur, as a Gastroenterology Registrar while continuing advanced medical training and emergency patient management.

From May 2022 to April 2024, Dr. Dawn served as Junior Consultant and In-charge of the Day Care Oncology Unit at Apollo Multispeciality Hospital, Kolkata.

Between April 2024 and March 2025, he worked as Consultant and Head of Department of Critical Care and Emergency Medicine at IQ City Medical College Hospital, Durgapur.

In April 2025, he joined M.P. Birla Hospital as Consultant in Internal Medicine and Intensivist.

His areas of expertise include:

* Internal Medicine
* Critical Care Medicine
* Emergency Medicine
* Diabetology
* Pulmonary Care
* Cardiology Support Care

= Healthcare and Social Initiatives =

Dr. Albert Dawn has been associated with several healthcare awareness programs and public welfare initiatives.

He promoted emergency healthcare awareness among petrol pump workers and encouraged Basic Life Support (BLS) training initiatives for frontline workers.

He also supported the establishment of a women-friendly “Pink Zone” at a Bharat Petroleum outlet near VIP More, Kolkata.

Apart from medical practice, he has participated in healthcare seminars, medical camps, rural awareness programs, and public health outreach activities.

= Research and Academic Contributions =

Dr. Albert Dawn has contributed to medical research and healthcare education through research publications, awareness campaigns, and academic participation in conferences and professional healthcare programs.

He has completed several international fellowships and certifications from institutions in the United Kingdom, United States, Australia, and Geneva.

= Awards and Recognition =

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Year
! Award
! Organization
! Recognition
|-
| 2025
| Bharat Ratna Samman – Certificate of Excellence
| Bharat Ratna Samman Organization
| Recognized for dedication and excellence in medicine and intensive care
|-
| 2025
| National Doctor's Day Excellence Award
| We Care Media and White Coat Legend
| Honoured for contribution to critical care medicine and diabetology
|}

= Personal Life =

Dr. Albert Dawn resides in Kolkata, West Bengal. Along with his medical profession, he remains connected with his family’s traditional business background and cultural heritage.

He can speak Bengali, English, and Hindi.

= Search Engine Optimization Keywords =

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dawn, Albert}}

[[Category:Indian doctors]]
[[Category:Indian physicians]]
[[Category:Intensivists]]
[[Category:People from Kolkata]]
[[Category:1989 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Healthcare professionals in India]]</text>
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{{Infobox person
| name = Dr. Albert Dawn
| image = Albert_Dawn.jpg
| caption = Dr. Albert Dawn in 2026
| birth_date = 27 June 1989 (age 36)
| birth_place = Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| nationality = Indian
| education = MBBS, MD (General Medicine), DFM (RCGP, UK)
| occupation = Doctor, Consultant Physician, Intensivist, Entrepreneur
| years_active = 2016–present
| known_for = Internal Medicine, Critical Care, Healthcare initiatives, Petroleum business family legacy
| notable_works = Medical research papers and healthcare awareness initiatives
| awards = Bharat Ratna Samman – Certificate of Excellence (2025), National Doctor's Day Excellence Award (2025)
| parents = Mr Kanchan Kumar Dawn
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
}}

= Dr. Albert Dawn =

{{Short description|Indian doctor, consultant physician, intensivist and entrepreneur}}

'''Dr. Albert Dawn''' is an Indian doctor, consultant physician, intensivist, healthcare entrepreneur, and public health advocate based in Kolkata, West Bengal, India. He is known for his contributions in internal medicine, critical care, emergency medicine, diabetology, and healthcare awareness initiatives across Eastern India.

Over the years, Dr. Albert Dawn has worked with several reputed hospitals including Apollo Gleneagles Hospital, AMRI Hospitals, IQ City Medical College Hospital, Apollo Multispeciality Hospital Kolkata, and M.P. Birla Hospital. Besides his medical career, he is also associated with social healthcare campaigns, emergency response awareness programs, and public welfare initiatives.

Dr. Albert Dawn belongs to a prominent business family historically connected with the petroleum industry in Eastern India for multiple generations. His family is associated with some of the early petroleum trade developments and fuel distribution initiatives in Kolkata during the twentieth century.

== Early Life and Background ==

Dr. Albert Dawn was born on 27 June 1989 in Kolkata, West Bengal, India. He was raised in a family with a strong background in business, healthcare awareness, and cultural traditions.

His family played a role in the growth of petroleum trade and fuel retail operations in Eastern India. Historical family business activities were connected with early petrol import initiatives and petrol pump operations in Kolkata around the 1920s and 1930s.

Apart from his professional career, Dr. Dawn is also involved in preserving his family’s long-standing Jagadhatri Puja tradition in Kolkata, which has reportedly continued for more than 170 years.

== Education ==

Dr. Albert Dawn completed his medical education and professional certifications from several national and international institutions.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Qualification
! Institution
|-
| MBBS
| West Bengal University of Health Sciences
|-
| MD (General Medicine)
| West Bengal University of Health Sciences
|-
| DFM (Family Medicine)
| Royal College of General Practitioners, United Kingdom
|-
| DECC
| University of Newcastle, Australia
|-
| FCD
| University of Cardiff, United Kingdom
|-
| Certificate Course in Diabetes
| Royal College of Physicians, United Kingdom
|-
| FCC
| American College of Cardiology, United States
|-
| Fellowship in Diabetes
| Royal Liverpool Academy, United Kingdom
|-
| ACMDC
| World Heart Federation, Geneva
|-
| CCMH
| British and Irish Hypertension Society
|-
| ACLS Instructor
| American Heart Association, United States
|}

== Medical Career ==

Dr. Albert Dawn started his professional journey in internal medicine and critical care medicine in 2016.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Period
! Position
! Institution
|-
| April 2025 – Present
| Consultant Internal Medicine &amp; Intensivist
| M.P. Birla Hospital, Satna
|-
| April 2024 – March 2025
| Consultant &amp; HOD Critical Care &amp; Emergency
| IQ City Medical College Hospital, Durgapur
|-
| May 2022 – April 2024
| Junior Consultant and In-charge Day Care Oncology Unit
| Apollo Multispeciality Hospitals Ltd, Kolkata
|-
| May 2020 – May 2022
| MD, General Medicine
| KPC Medical College &amp; Hospital, Kolkata
|-
| March 2018 – May 2020
| Gastroenterology Registrar
| AMRI Hospitals, Mukundapur, Kolkata
|-
| July 2017 – August 2018
| Deputy Medical Superintendent
| Woodlands Multispeciality Hospital, Kolkata
|-
| May 2016 – February 2018
| Critical Care Registrar
| Apollo Gleneagles Hospitals Ltd, Kolkata
|}

During his tenure in healthcare institutions, Dr. Dawn worked in trauma care, emergency medicine, critical care management, diabetology, and internal medicine. He has also participated in patient monitoring programs, healthcare administration, multidisciplinary care coordination, and clinical management.

At Apollo Gleneagles Hospital and AMRI Hospitals, he handled critically ill patients and emergency medical situations. At Woodlands Hospital, he was associated with hospital administration and patient care coordination.

At Apollo Multispeciality Hospital, Kolkata, he supervised the Day Care Oncology Unit and was involved in patient management and treatment coordination.

Between 2024 and 2025, he served as Consultant and Head of Department of Critical Care &amp; Emergency Medicine at IQ City Medical College Hospital, Durgapur.

In 2025, Dr. Albert Dawn joined M.P. Birla Hospital, Satna, as Consultant Internal Medicine and Intensivist.

His areas of expertise include:

* Internal Medicine
* Critical Care Medicine
* Emergency Medicine
* Diabetology
* Pulmonary Care
* Cardiology Support Care

== Healthcare and Social Initiatives ==

Dr. Albert Dawn has been associated with several healthcare awareness programs and public welfare initiatives.

He promoted emergency healthcare awareness among petrol pump workers and encouraged Basic Life Support (BLS) training initiatives for frontline workers.

He also supported the establishment of a women-friendly “Pink Zone” at a Bharat Petroleum outlet near VIP More, Kolkata.

Apart from medical practice, he has participated in healthcare seminars, medical camps, rural awareness programs, and public health outreach activities.

== Research and Academic Contributions ==

Dr. Albert Dawn has contributed to medical research, healthcare awareness, and academic discussions through research publications and healthcare seminars.

He was associated with healthcare awareness and educational seminars conducted by Woodlands Hospital.

=== Research Papers ===

# ''A Study on Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTI) and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Uropathogens Causing CAUTI''
# ''Association of Albuminuria and Uric Acid in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus''

He has also participated in healthcare conferences, awareness programs, and professional medical education initiatives.

== Family Background ==

Dr. Albert Dawn belongs to a business family historically associated with the petroleum industry in Kolkata and Eastern India.

His family has been connected with one of the early petrol pump businesses in Kolkata, with historical operations linked to Central Avenue and Old China Bazar Street. Media reports and historical coverage have referenced the family's long-standing association with fuel retail and petroleum trade in the region.

The family’s petrol pump and historical business background have been featured in publications including ''The Times of India'', ''The Indian Express'', and other media platforms discussing the history of petroleum trade in Kolkata.

== Awards and Recognition ==

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Year
! Award
! Organization
! Recognition
|-
| 2025
| Bharat Ratna Samman – Certificate of Excellence
| Bharat Ratna Samman Organization
| Recognized for dedication and excellence in medicine and intensive care
|-
| 2025
| National Doctor's Day Excellence Award
| We Care Media and White Coat Legend
| Honoured for contribution to critical care medicine and diabetology
|}

== Personal Life ==

Dr. Albert Dawn resides in Kolkata, West Bengal. Along with his medical profession, he remains connected with his family’s traditional business background and cultural heritage.

He can speak Bengali, English, and Hindi.

== References ==

# ↑ ''92-Year-Old Petrol Pump Tracks Rising Graph of Fuel Price''. In '''The Times of India'''. Retrieved 20 November 2025.
# ↑ ''Steeped in History''. In '''The Indian Express'''. Retrieved 20 November 2025.
# ↑ ''When Petrol Cost 90 Paise a Litre and Petrol Pumps Were Service Stations''. In '''The Times of India Videos'''. Retrieved 20 November 2025.
# ↑ ''Story of Eastern India’s First Petrol Pump That Witnessed Petrol Prices From 90 Paise to ₹100''. In '''Youth Ki Awaaz'''. Retrieved 20 November 2025.
# ↑ ''Health Seminars and Speaker Sessions''. In '''Woodlands Hospital'''. Retrieved 20 November 2025.
# ↑ ''A Study on Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTI) and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Uropathogens Causing CAUTI''. In '''Healthcare Bulletin'''. Retrieved 20 November 2025.
# ↑ ''Association of Albuminuria and Uric Acid in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus''. In '''International Journal of Scientific Research (IJSR)'''. Retrieved 20 November 2025.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dawn, Albert}}

[[Category:Indian doctors]]
[[Category:Indian physicians]]
[[Category:Intensivists]]
[[Category:People from Kolkata]]
[[Category:1989 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Healthcare professionals in India]]</text>
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{{Infobox person
| name = Dr. Albert Dawn
| image = Albert_Dawn.jpg
| caption = Dr. Albert Dawn in 2026
| birth_date = 27 June 1989 (age 36)
| birth_place = Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| nationality = Indian
| education = MBBS, MD (General Medicine), DFM (RCGP, UK)
| occupation = Doctor, Consultant Physician, Intensivist, Entrepreneur
| years_active = 2016–present
| known_for = Internal Medicine, Critical Care, Healthcare initiatives, Petroleum business family legacy
| notable_works = Medical research papers and healthcare awareness initiatives
| awards = Bharat Ratna Samman – Certificate of Excellence (2025), National Doctor's Day Excellence Award (2025)
| parents = Mr Kanchan Kumar Dawn
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
}}

= Dr. Albert Dawn =

{{Short description|Indian doctor, consultant physician, intensivist and entrepreneur}}

'''Dr. Albert Dawn''' is an Indian doctor, consultant physician, intensivist, healthcare entrepreneur, and public health advocate based in Kolkata, West Bengal, India. He is known for his contributions in internal medicine, critical care, emergency medicine, diabetology, and healthcare awareness initiatives across Eastern India.

Over the years, Dr. Albert Dawn has worked with several reputed hospitals including Apollo Gleneagles Hospital, AMRI Hospitals, IQ City Medical College Hospital, Apollo Multispeciality Hospital Kolkata, and M.P. Birla Hospital. Besides his medical career, he is also associated with social healthcare campaigns, emergency response awareness programs, and public welfare initiatives.

Dr. Albert Dawn belongs to a prominent business family historically connected with the petroleum industry in Eastern India for multiple generations. His family is associated with some of the early petroleum trade developments and fuel distribution initiatives in Kolkata during the twentieth century.

== Early Life and Background ==

Dr. Albert Dawn was born on 27 June 1989 in Kolkata, West Bengal, India. He was raised in a family with a strong background in business, healthcare awareness, and cultural traditions.

His family played a role in the growth of petroleum trade and fuel retail operations in Eastern India. Historical family business activities were connected with early petrol import initiatives and petrol pump operations in Kolkata around the 1920s and 1930s.

Apart from his professional career, Dr. Dawn is also involved in preserving his family’s long-standing Jagadhatri Puja tradition in Kolkata, which has reportedly continued for more than 170 years.

== Education ==

Dr. Albert Dawn completed his medical education and professional certifications from several national and international institutions.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Qualification
! Institution
|-
| MBBS
| West Bengal University of Health Sciences
|-
| MD (General Medicine)
| West Bengal University of Health Sciences
|-
| DFM (Family Medicine)
| Royal College of General Practitioners, United Kingdom
|-
| DECC
| University of Newcastle, Australia
|-
| FCD
| University of Cardiff, United Kingdom
|-
| Certificate Course in Diabetes
| Royal College of Physicians, United Kingdom
|-
| FCC
| American College of Cardiology, United States
|-
| Fellowship in Diabetes
| Royal Liverpool Academy, United Kingdom
|-
| ACMDC
| World Heart Federation, Geneva
|-
| CCMH
| British and Irish Hypertension Society
|-
| ACLS Instructor
| American Heart Association, United States
|}

== Medical Career ==

Dr. Albert Dawn started his professional journey in internal medicine and critical care medicine in 2016.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Period
! Position
! Institution
|-
| April 2025 – Present
| Consultant Internal Medicine &amp; Intensivist
| M.P. Birla Hospital, Satna
|-
| April 2024 – March 2025
| Consultant &amp; HOD Critical Care &amp; Emergency
| IQ City Medical College Hospital, Durgapur
|-
| May 2022 – April 2024
| Junior Consultant and In-charge Day Care Oncology Unit
| Apollo Multispeciality Hospitals Ltd, Kolkata
|-
| May 2020 – May 2022
| MD, General Medicine
| KPC Medical College &amp; Hospital, Kolkata
|-
| March 2018 – May 2020
| Gastroenterology Registrar
| AMRI Hospitals, Mukundapur, Kolkata
|-
| July 2017 – August 2018
| Deputy Medical Superintendent
| Woodlands Multispeciality Hospital, Kolkata
|-
| May 2016 – February 2018
| Critical Care Registrar
| Apollo Gleneagles Hospitals Ltd, Kolkata
|}

During his tenure in healthcare institutions, Dr. Dawn worked in trauma care, emergency medicine, critical care management, diabetology, and internal medicine. He has also participated in patient monitoring programs, healthcare administration, multidisciplinary care coordination, and clinical management.

At Apollo Gleneagles Hospital and AMRI Hospitals, he handled critically ill patients and emergency medical situations. At Woodlands Hospital, he was associated with hospital administration and patient care coordination.

At Apollo Multispeciality Hospital, Kolkata, he supervised the Day Care Oncology Unit and was involved in patient management and treatment coordination.

Between 2024 and 2025, he served as Consultant and Head of Department of Critical Care &amp; Emergency Medicine at IQ City Medical College Hospital, Durgapur.

In 2025, Dr. Albert Dawn joined M.P. Birla Hospital, Satna, as Consultant Internal Medicine and Intensivist.

His areas of expertise include:

* Internal Medicine
* Critical Care Medicine
* Emergency Medicine
* Diabetology
* Pulmonary Care
* Cardiology Support Care

== Healthcare and Social Initiatives ==

Dr. Albert Dawn has been associated with several healthcare awareness programs and public welfare initiatives.

He promoted emergency healthcare awareness among petrol pump workers and encouraged Basic Life Support (BLS) training initiatives for frontline workers.

He also supported the establishment of a women-friendly “Pink Zone” at a Bharat Petroleum outlet near VIP More, Kolkata.

Apart from medical practice, he has participated in healthcare seminars, medical camps, rural awareness programs, and public health outreach activities.

== Research and Academic Contributions ==

Dr. Albert Dawn has contributed to medical research, healthcare awareness, and academic discussions through research publications and healthcare seminars.

He was associated with healthcare awareness and educational seminars conducted by Woodlands Hospital.

=== Research Papers ===

# ''A Study on Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTI) and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Uropathogens Causing CAUTI''
# ''Association of Albuminuria and Uric Acid in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus''

He has also participated in healthcare conferences, awareness programs, and professional medical education initiatives.

== Family Background ==

Dr. Albert Dawn belongs to a business family historically associated with the petroleum industry in Kolkata and Eastern India.

His family has been connected with one of the early petrol pump businesses in Kolkata, with historical operations linked to Central Avenue and Old China Bazar Street. Media reports and historical coverage have referenced the family's long-standing association with fuel retail and petroleum trade in the region.

The family’s petrol pump and historical business background have been featured in publications including ''The Times of India'', ''The Indian Express'', and other media platforms discussing the history of petroleum trade in Kolkata.

== Awards and Recognition ==

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Year
! Award
! Organization
! Recognition
|-
| 2025
| Bharat Ratna Samman – Certificate of Excellence
| Bharat Ratna Samman Organization
| Recognized for dedication and excellence in medicine and intensive care
|-
| 2025
| National Doctor's Day Excellence Award
| We Care Media and White Coat Legend
| Honoured for contribution to critical care medicine and diabetology
|}

== Personal Life ==

Dr. Albert Dawn resides in Kolkata, West Bengal. Along with his medical profession, he remains connected with his family’s traditional business background and cultural heritage.

He can speak Bengali, English, and Hindi.

== References ==

# ↑ [https://www.woodlandshospital.in/health-seminars.php ''Health Seminars and Speaker Sessions'']. In '''Woodlands Hospital'''. Retrieved 20 November 2025.
# ↑ [https://healthcare-bulletin.co.uk/article/a-study-on-catheter-associated-urinary-tract-infections-cauti-and-antibiotic-sensitivity-pattern-of-uropathogens-causing-cauti-3666/ ''A Study on Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTI) and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Uropathogens Causing CAUTI'']. In '''Healthcare Bulletin'''. Retrieved 20 November 2025.
# ↑ [https://www.worldwidejournals.com/international-journal-of-scientific-research-(IJSR)/recent_issues_pdf/2022/March/association-of-albuminuria-and-uric-acid-in-patients-with-type-2-diabetes-mellitus_March_2022_9769228416_8911075.pdf ''Association of Albuminuria and Uric Acid in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus'']. In '''International Journal of Scientific Research (IJSR)'''. Retrieved 20 November 2025.
# ↑ [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/92-yr-old-petrol-pump-tracks-rising-graph-of-fuel-price/articleshow/84215614.cms ''92-Year-Old Petrol Pump Tracks Rising Graph of Fuel Price'']. In '''The Times of India'''. Retrieved 20 November 2025.
# ↑ [https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/steeped-in-history/ ''Steeped in History'']. In '''The Indian Express'''. Retrieved 20 November 2025.
# ↑ [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/in-depth/when-petrol-cost-90-paise-a-litre-and-petrol-pumps-were-service-stations/videoshow/84871035.cms ''When Petrol Cost 90 Paise a Litre and Petrol Pumps Were Service Stations'']. In '''The Times of India Videos'''. Retrieved 20 November 2025.
# ↑ [https://www.youthkiawaaz.com/2021/07/story-of-eastern-indias-first-petrol-pump-that-witnessed-petrol-prices-from-90paise-%E2%82%B9100/ ''Story of Eastern India’s First Petrol Pump That Witnessed Petrol Prices From 90 Paise to ₹100'']. In '''Youth Ki Awaaz'''. Retrieved 20 November 2025.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dawn, Albert}}

[[Category:Indian doctors]]
[[Category:Indian physicians]]
[[Category:Intensivists]]
[[Category:People from Kolkata]]
[[Category:1989 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Healthcare professionals in India]]</text>
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{{Infobox person
| name = Dr. Albert Dawn
| image = Albert_Dawn.jpg
| caption = Dr. Albert Dawn in 2026
| birth_date = 27 June 1989 (age 36)
| birth_place = Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| nationality = Indian
| education = MBBS, MD (General Medicine), DFM (RCGP, UK)
| occupation = Doctor, Consultant Physician, Intensivist, Entrepreneur
| years_active = 2016–present
| known_for = Internal Medicine, Critical Care, Healthcare initiatives, Petroleum business family legacy
| notable_works = Medical research papers and healthcare awareness initiatives
| awards = Bharat Ratna Samman – Certificate of Excellence (2025), National Doctor's Day Excellence Award (2025)
| parents = Mr Kanchan Kumar Dawn
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
}}

= Dr. Albert Dawn =

{{Short description|Indian doctor, consultant physician, intensivist and entrepreneur}}

'''Dr. Albert Dawn''' is an Indian doctor, consultant physician, intensivist, healthcare entrepreneur, and public health advocate based in Kolkata, West Bengal, India. He is known for his contributions in internal medicine, critical care, emergency medicine, diabetology, and healthcare awareness initiatives across Eastern India.

Over the years, Dr. Albert Dawn has worked with several reputed hospitals including Apollo Gleneagles Hospital, AMRI Hospitals, IQ City Medical College Hospital, Apollo Multispeciality Hospital Kolkata, and M.P. Birla Hospital. Besides his medical career, he is also associated with social healthcare campaigns, emergency response awareness programs, and public welfare initiatives.

Dr. Albert Dawn belongs to a prominent business family historically connected with the petroleum industry in Eastern India for multiple generations. His family is associated with some of the early petroleum trade developments and fuel distribution initiatives in Kolkata during the twentieth century.

= Early Life and Background =

Dr. Albert Dawn was born on 27 June 1989 in Kolkata, West Bengal, India. He was raised in a family with a strong background in business, healthcare awareness, and cultural traditions.

His family played a role in the growth of petroleum trade and fuel retail operations in Eastern India. Historical family business activities were connected with early petrol import initiatives and petrol pump operations in Kolkata around the 1920s and 1930s.

Apart from his professional career, Dr. Dawn is also involved in preserving his family’s long-standing Jagadhatri Puja tradition in Kolkata, which has reportedly continued for more than 170 years.

= Education =

Dr. Albert Dawn completed his medical education and professional certifications from several national and international institutions.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Qualification
! Institution
|-
| MBBS
| West Bengal University of Health Sciences
|-
| MD (General Medicine)
| West Bengal University of Health Sciences
|-
| DFM (Family Medicine)
| Royal College of General Practitioners, United Kingdom
|-
| DECC
| University of Newcastle, Australia
|-
| FCD
| University of Cardiff, United Kingdom
|-
| Certificate Course in Diabetes
| Royal College of Physicians, United Kingdom
|-
| FCC
| American College of Cardiology, United States
|-
| Fellowship in Diabetes
| Royal Liverpool Academy, United Kingdom
|-
| ACMDC
| World Heart Federation, Geneva
|-
| CCMH
| British and Irish Hypertension Society
|-
| ACLS Instructor
| American Heart Association, United States
|}

== Medical Career ==

Dr. Albert Dawn started his professional journey in internal medicine and critical care medicine in 2016.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Period
! Position
! Institution
|-
| April 2025 – Present
| Consultant Internal Medicine &amp; Intensivist
| M.P. Birla Hospital, Satna
|-
| April 2024 – March 2025
| Consultant &amp; HOD Critical Care &amp; Emergency
| IQ City Medical College Hospital, Durgapur
|-
| May 2022 – April 2024
| Junior Consultant and In-charge Day Care Oncology Unit
| Apollo Multispeciality Hospitals Ltd, Kolkata
|-
| May 2020 – May 2022
| MD, General Medicine
| KPC Medical College &amp; Hospital, Kolkata
|-
| March 2018 – May 2020
| Gastroenterology Registrar
| AMRI Hospitals, Mukundapur, Kolkata
|-
| July 2017 – August 2018
| Deputy Medical Superintendent
| Woodlands Multispeciality Hospital, Kolkata
|-
| May 2016 – February 2018
| Critical Care Registrar
| Apollo Gleneagles Hospitals Ltd, Kolkata
|}

During his tenure in healthcare institutions, Dr. Dawn worked in trauma care, emergency medicine, critical care management, diabetology, and internal medicine. He has also participated in patient monitoring programs, healthcare administration, multidisciplinary care coordination, and clinical management.

At Apollo Gleneagles Hospital and AMRI Hospitals, he handled critically ill patients and emergency medical situations. At Woodlands Hospital, he was associated with hospital administration and patient care coordination.

At Apollo Multispeciality Hospital, Kolkata, he supervised the Day Care Oncology Unit and was involved in patient management and treatment coordination.

Between 2024 and 2025, he served as Consultant and Head of Department of Critical Care &amp; Emergency Medicine at IQ City Medical College Hospital, Durgapur.

In 2025, Dr. Albert Dawn joined M.P. Birla Hospital, Satna, as Consultant Internal Medicine and Intensivist.

His areas of expertise include:

* Internal Medicine
* Critical Care Medicine
* Emergency Medicine
* Diabetology
* Pulmonary Care
* Cardiology Support Care

== Healthcare and Social Initiatives ==

Dr. Albert Dawn has been associated with several healthcare awareness programs and public welfare initiatives.

He promoted emergency healthcare awareness among petrol pump workers and encouraged Basic Life Support (BLS) training initiatives for frontline workers.

He also supported the establishment of a women-friendly “Pink Zone” at a Bharat Petroleum outlet near VIP More, Kolkata.

Apart from medical practice, he has participated in healthcare seminars, medical camps, rural awareness programs, and public health outreach activities.

== Research and Academic Contributions ==

Dr. Albert Dawn has contributed to medical research, healthcare awareness, and academic discussions through research publications and healthcare seminars.

He was associated with healthcare awareness and educational seminars conducted by Woodlands Hospital.

=== Research Papers ===

# ''A Study on Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTI) and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Uropathogens Causing CAUTI''
# ''Association of Albuminuria and Uric Acid in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus''

He has also participated in healthcare conferences, awareness programs, and professional medical education initiatives.

== Family Background ==

Dr. Albert Dawn belongs to a business family historically associated with the petroleum industry in Kolkata and Eastern India.

His family has been connected with one of the early petrol pump businesses in Kolkata, with historical operations linked to Central Avenue and Old China Bazar Street. Media reports and historical coverage have referenced the family's long-standing association with fuel retail and petroleum trade in the region.

The family’s petrol pump and historical business background have been featured in publications including ''The Times of India'', ''The Indian Express'', and other media platforms discussing the history of petroleum trade in Kolkata.

== Awards and Recognition ==

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Year
! Award
! Organization
! Recognition
|-
| 2025
| Bharat Ratna Samman – Certificate of Excellence
| Bharat Ratna Samman Organization
| Recognized for dedication and excellence in medicine and intensive care
|-
| 2025
| National Doctor's Day Excellence Award
| We Care Media and White Coat Legend
| Honoured for contribution to critical care medicine and diabetology
|}

== Personal Life ==

Dr. Albert Dawn resides in Kolkata, West Bengal. Along with his medical profession, he remains connected with his family’s traditional business background and cultural heritage.

He can speak Bengali, English, and Hindi.

== References ==

# ↑ [https://www.woodlandshospital.in/health-seminars.php ''Health Seminars and Speaker Sessions'']. In '''Woodlands Hospital'''. Retrieved 20 November 2025.
# ↑ [https://healthcare-bulletin.co.uk/article/a-study-on-catheter-associated-urinary-tract-infections-cauti-and-antibiotic-sensitivity-pattern-of-uropathogens-causing-cauti-3666/ ''A Study on Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTI) and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Uropathogens Causing CAUTI'']. In '''Healthcare Bulletin'''. Retrieved 20 November 2025.
# ↑ [https://www.worldwidejournals.com/international-journal-of-scientific-research-(IJSR)/recent_issues_pdf/2022/March/association-of-albuminuria-and-uric-acid-in-patients-with-type-2-diabetes-mellitus_March_2022_9769228416_8911075.pdf ''Association of Albuminuria and Uric Acid in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus'']. In '''International Journal of Scientific Research (IJSR)'''. Retrieved 20 November 2025.
# ↑ [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/92-yr-old-petrol-pump-tracks-rising-graph-of-fuel-price/articleshow/84215614.cms ''92-Year-Old Petrol Pump Tracks Rising Graph of Fuel Price'']. In '''The Times of India'''. Retrieved 20 November 2025.
# ↑ [https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/steeped-in-history/ ''Steeped in History'']. In '''The Indian Express'''. Retrieved 20 November 2025.
# ↑ [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/in-depth/when-petrol-cost-90-paise-a-litre-and-petrol-pumps-were-service-stations/videoshow/84871035.cms ''When Petrol Cost 90 Paise a Litre and Petrol Pumps Were Service Stations'']. In '''The Times of India Videos'''. Retrieved 20 November 2025.
# ↑ [https://www.youthkiawaaz.com/2021/07/story-of-eastern-indias-first-petrol-pump-that-witnessed-petrol-prices-from-90paise-%E2%82%B9100/ ''Story of Eastern India’s First Petrol Pump That Witnessed Petrol Prices From 90 Paise to ₹100'']. In '''Youth Ki Awaaz'''. Retrieved 20 November 2025.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dawn, Albert}}

[[Category:Indian doctors]]
[[Category:Indian physicians]]
[[Category:Intensivists]]
[[Category:People from Kolkata]]
[[Category:1989 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Healthcare professionals in India]]</text>
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{{Infobox person
| name = Dr. Albert Dawn
| image = Albert_Dawn.jpg
| caption = Dr. Albert Dawn in 2026
| birth_date = 27 June 1989 (age 36)
| birth_place = Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| nationality = Indian
| education = MBBS&lt;br&gt;MD (General Medicine)&lt;br&gt;DFM (RCGP, UK)
| occupation = Doctor, Consultant Physician, Intensivist, Entrepreneur
| years_active = 2016–present
| known_for = Internal Medicine, Critical Care, Healthcare initiatives, Petroleum business family legacy
| notable_works = Medical research papers and healthcare awareness initiatives
| awards = Bharat Ratna Samman – Certificate of Excellence (2025)&lt;br&gt;National Doctor's Day Excellence Award (2025)
| parents = Mr Kanchan Kumar Dawn
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
}}

= Dr. Albert Dawn =

{{Short description|Indian doctor, consultant physician, intensivist and entrepreneur}}

'''Dr. Albert Dawn''' is an Indian doctor, consultant physician, intensivist, healthcare entrepreneur, and public health advocate based in Kolkata, West Bengal, India. He is known for his contributions in internal medicine, critical care, emergency medicine, diabetology, and healthcare awareness initiatives across Eastern India.

Over the years, Dr. Albert Dawn has worked with several reputed hospitals including Apollo Gleneagles Hospital, AMRI Hospitals, IQ City Medical College Hospital, Apollo Multispeciality Hospital Kolkata, and M.P. Birla Hospital.

Besides his medical career, he is also associated with social healthcare campaigns, emergency response awareness programs, and public welfare initiatives.

Dr. Albert Dawn belongs to a prominent business family historically connected with the petroleum industry in Eastern India for multiple generations.

== Early Life &amp; Education ==

Dr. Albert Dawn was born on 27 June 1989 in Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

He was raised in a family with a strong background in business, healthcare awareness, and cultural traditions. His family played a role in the growth of petroleum trade and fuel retail operations in Eastern India.

Historical family business activities were connected with early petrol import initiatives and petrol pump operations in Kolkata around the 1920s and 1930s.

Apart from his professional career, Dr. Dawn is also involved in preserving his family’s long-standing Jagadhatri Puja tradition in Kolkata.

=== Education ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Qualification
! Institution
|-
| MBBS
| West Bengal University of Health Sciences
|-
| MD (General Medicine)
| West Bengal University of Health Sciences
|-
| DFM (Family Medicine)
| Royal College of General Practitioners, United Kingdom
|-
| DECC
| University of Newcastle, Australia
|-
| FCD
| University of Cardiff, United Kingdom
|-
| Certificate Course in Diabetes
| Royal College of Physicians, United Kingdom
|-
| FCC
| American College of Cardiology, United States
|-
| Fellowship in Diabetes
| Royal Liverpool Academy, United Kingdom
|-
| ACMDC
| World Heart Federation, Geneva
|-
| CCMH
| British and Irish Hypertension Society
|-
| ACLS Instructor
| American Heart Association, United States
|}

== Career ==

Dr. Albert Dawn started his professional journey in internal medicine and critical care medicine in 2016.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Period
! Position
! Institution
|-
| April 2025 – Present
| Consultant Internal Medicine &amp; Intensivist
| M.P. Birla Hospital, Satna
|-
| April 2024 – March 2025
| Consultant &amp; HOD Critical Care &amp; Emergency
| IQ City Medical College Hospital, Durgapur
|-
| May 2022 – April 2024
| Junior Consultant and In-charge Day Care Oncology Unit
| Apollo Multispeciality Hospitals Ltd, Kolkata
|-
| May 2020 – May 2022
| MD, General Medicine
| KPC Medical College &amp; Hospital, Kolkata
|-
| March 2018 – May 2020
| Gastroenterology Registrar
| AMRI Hospitals, Mukundapur, Kolkata
|-
| July 2017 – August 2018
| Deputy Medical Superintendent
| Woodlands Multispeciality Hospital, Kolkata
|-
| May 2016 – February 2018
| Critical Care Registrar
| Apollo Gleneagles Hospitals Ltd, Kolkata
|}

During his tenure in healthcare institutions, Dr. Dawn worked in trauma care, emergency medicine, critical care management, diabetology, and internal medicine.

His areas of expertise include:

* Internal Medicine
* Critical Care Medicine
* Emergency Medicine
* Diabetology
* Pulmonary Care
* Cardiology Support Care

== Notable Works ==

Dr. Albert Dawn has been associated with several healthcare awareness programs and public welfare initiatives.

He promoted emergency healthcare awareness among petrol pump workers and encouraged Basic Life Support (BLS) training initiatives for frontline workers.

He also supported the establishment of a women-friendly “Pink Zone” at a Bharat Petroleum outlet near VIP More, Kolkata.

Apart from medical practice, he has participated in healthcare seminars, medical camps, rural awareness programs, and public health outreach activities.

=== Research Papers ===

# [https://healthcare-bulletin.co.uk/article/a-study-on-catheter-associated-urinary-tract-infections-cauti-and-antibiotic-sensitivity-pattern-of-uropathogens-causing-cauti-3666/ ''A Study on Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTI) and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Uropathogens Causing CAUTI'']
# [https://www.worldwidejournals.com/international-journal-of-scientific-research-(IJSR)/recent_issues_pdf/2022/March/association-of-albuminuria-and-uric-acid-in-patients-with-type-2-diabetes-mellitus_March_2022_9769228416_8911075.pdf ''Association of Albuminuria and Uric Acid in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus'']

== Achievements and Recognition ==

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Year
! Award
! Organization
! Recognition
|-
| 2025
| Bharat Ratna Samman – Certificate of Excellence
| Bharat Ratna Samman Organization
| Recognized for dedication and excellence in medicine and intensive care
|-
| 2025
| National Doctor's Day Excellence Award
| We Care Media and White Coat Legend
| Honoured for contribution to critical care medicine and diabetology
|}

== Personal Life ==

Dr. Albert Dawn resides in Kolkata, West Bengal.

Along with his medical profession, he remains connected with his family’s traditional business background and cultural heritage.

He can speak Bengali, English, and Hindi.

== External Links ==

* [https://www.woodlandshospital.in/health-seminars.php Woodlands Hospital]
* [https://knowlepedia.org/wiki/Dr._Albert_Dawn Knowlepedia Article]

== See also ==

* [[Indian doctors]]
* [[Critical care medicine]]
* [[Internal medicine]]

== References ==

# ↑ [https://www.woodlandshospital.in/health-seminars.php ''Health Seminars and Speaker Sessions'']. In '''Woodlands Hospital'''. Retrieved 20 November 2025.
# ↑ [https://healthcare-bulletin.co.uk/article/a-study-on-catheter-associated-urinary-tract-infections-cauti-and-antibiotic-sensitivity-pattern-of-uropathogens-causing-cauti-3666/ ''A Study on Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTI) and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Uropathogens Causing CAUTI'']. In '''Healthcare Bulletin'''. Retrieved 20 November 2025.
# ↑ [https://www.worldwidejournals.com/international-journal-of-scientific-research-(IJSR)/recent_issues_pdf/2022/March/association-of-albuminuria-and-uric-acid-in-patients-with-type-2-diabetes-mellitus_March_2022_9769228416_8911075.pdf ''Association of Albuminuria and Uric Acid in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus'']. In '''International Journal of Scientific Research (IJSR)'''. Retrieved 20 November 2025.
# ↑ [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/92-yr-old-petrol-pump-tracks-rising-graph-of-fuel-price/articleshow/84215614.cms ''92-Year-Old Petrol Pump Tracks Rising Graph of Fuel Price'']. In '''The Times of India'''. Retrieved 20 November 2025.
# ↑ [https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/steeped-in-history/ ''Steeped in History'']. In '''The Indian Express'''. Retrieved 20 November 2025.
# ↑ [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/in-depth/when-petrol-cost-90-paise-a-litre-and-petrol-pumps-were-service-stations/videoshow/84871035.cms ''When Petrol Cost 90 Paise a Litre and Petrol Pumps Were Service Stations'']. In '''The Times of India Videos'''. Retrieved 20 November 2025.
# ↑ [https://www.youthkiawaaz.com/2021/07/story-of-eastern-indias-first-petrol-pump-that-witnessed-petrol-prices-from-90paise-%E2%82%B9100/ ''Story of Eastern India’s First Petrol Pump That Witnessed Petrol Prices From 90 Paise to ₹100'']. In '''Youth Ki Awaaz'''. Retrieved 20 November 2025.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dawn, Albert}}

[[Category:Indian doctors]]
[[Category:Indian physicians]]
[[Category:Intensivists]]
[[Category:People from Kolkata]]
[[Category:1989 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Healthcare professionals in India]]</text>
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{{Infobox person
| name = Dr. Albert Dawn
| image = Albert_Dawn.jpg
| caption = Dr. Albert Dawn in 2026
| birth_date = 27 June 1989 (age 36)
| birth_place = Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| nationality = Indian
| education = MBBS&lt;br&gt;MD (General Medicine)&lt;br&gt;DFM (RCGP, UK)
| occupation = Doctor, Consultant Physician, Intensivist, Entrepreneur
| years_active = 2016–present
| known_for = Internal Medicine, Critical Care, Healthcare initiatives, Petroleum business family legacy
| notable_works = Medical research papers and healthcare awareness initiatives
| awards = Bharat Ratna Samman – Certificate of Excellence (2025)&lt;br&gt;National Doctor's Day Excellence Award (2025)
| parents = Mr Kanchan Kumar Dawn
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
}}

{{Short description|Indian doctor, consultant physician, intensivist and entrepreneur}}

'''Dr. Albert Dawn''' is an Indian doctor, consultant physician, intensivist, healthcare entrepreneur, and public health advocate based in Kolkata, West Bengal, India. He is known for his contributions in internal medicine, critical care, emergency medicine, diabetology, and healthcare awareness initiatives across Eastern India.

Over the years, Dr. Albert Dawn has worked with several reputed hospitals including Apollo Gleneagles Hospital, AMRI Hospitals, IQ City Medical College Hospital, Apollo Multispeciality Hospital Kolkata, and M.P. Birla Hospital.

Besides his medical career, he is also associated with social healthcare campaigns, emergency response awareness programs, and public welfare initiatives.

Dr. Albert Dawn belongs to a prominent business family historically connected with the petroleum industry in Eastern India for multiple generations.

= Early Life &amp; Education =

Dr. Albert Dawn was born on 27 June 1989 in Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

He was raised in a family with a strong background in business, healthcare awareness, and cultural traditions. His family played a role in the growth of petroleum trade and fuel retail operations in Eastern India.

Historical family business activities were connected with early petrol import initiatives and petrol pump operations in Kolkata around the 1920s and 1930s.

Apart from his professional career, Dr. Dawn is also involved in preserving his family’s long-standing Jagadhatri Puja tradition in Kolkata.

== Education ==

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Qualification
! Institution
|-
| MBBS
| West Bengal University of Health Sciences
|-
| MD (General Medicine)
| West Bengal University of Health Sciences
|-
| DFM (Family Medicine)
| Royal College of General Practitioners, United Kingdom
|-
| DECC
| University of Newcastle, Australia
|-
| FCD
| University of Cardiff, United Kingdom
|-
| Certificate Course in Diabetes
| Royal College of Physicians, United Kingdom
|-
| FCC
| American College of Cardiology, United States
|-
| Fellowship in Diabetes
| Royal Liverpool Academy, United Kingdom
|-
| ACMDC
| World Heart Federation, Geneva
|-
| CCMH
| British and Irish Hypertension Society
|-
| ACLS Instructor
| American Heart Association, United States
|}

= Career =

Dr. Albert Dawn started his professional journey in internal medicine and critical care medicine in 2016.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Period
! Position
! Institution
|-
| April 2025 – Present
| Consultant Internal Medicine &amp; Intensivist
| M.P. Birla Hospital, Satna
|-
| April 2024 – March 2025
| Consultant &amp; HOD Critical Care &amp; Emergency
| IQ City Medical College Hospital, Durgapur
|-
| May 2022 – April 2024
| Junior Consultant and In-charge Day Care Oncology Unit
| Apollo Multispeciality Hospitals Ltd, Kolkata
|-
| May 2020 – May 2022
| MD, General Medicine
| KPC Medical College &amp; Hospital, Kolkata
|-
| March 2018 – May 2020
| Gastroenterology Registrar
| AMRI Hospitals, Mukundapur, Kolkata
|-
| July 2017 – August 2018
| Deputy Medical Superintendent
| Woodlands Multispeciality Hospital, Kolkata
|-
| May 2016 – February 2018
| Critical Care Registrar
| Apollo Gleneagles Hospitals Ltd, Kolkata
|}

During his tenure in healthcare institutions, Dr. Dawn worked in trauma care, emergency medicine, critical care management, diabetology, and internal medicine.

His areas of expertise include:

* Internal Medicine
* Critical Care Medicine
* Emergency Medicine
* Diabetology
* Pulmonary Care
* Cardiology Support Care

= Notable Works =

Dr. Albert Dawn has been associated with several healthcare awareness programs and public welfare initiatives.

He promoted emergency healthcare awareness among petrol pump workers and encouraged Basic Life Support (BLS) training initiatives for frontline workers.

He also supported the establishment of a women-friendly “Pink Zone” at a Bharat Petroleum outlet near VIP More, Kolkata.

Apart from medical practice, he has participated in healthcare seminars, medical camps, rural awareness programs, and public health outreach activities.

=== Research Papers ===

# [https://healthcare-bulletin.co.uk/article/a-study-on-catheter-associated-urinary-tract-infections-cauti-and-antibiotic-sensitivity-pattern-of-uropathogens-causing-cauti-3666/ ''A Study on Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTI) and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Uropathogens Causing CAUTI'']
# [https://www.worldwidejournals.com/international-journal-of-scientific-research-(IJSR)/recent_issues_pdf/2022/March/association-of-albuminuria-and-uric-acid-in-patients-with-type-2-diabetes-mellitus_March_2022_9769228416_8911075.pdf ''Association of Albuminuria and Uric Acid in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus'']

= Achievements and Recognition =

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Year
! Award
! Organization
! Recognition
|-
| 2025
| Bharat Ratna Samman – Certificate of Excellence
| Bharat Ratna Samman Organization
| Recognized for dedication and excellence in medicine and intensive care
|-
| 2025
| National Doctor's Day Excellence Award
| We Care Media and White Coat Legend
| Honoured for contribution to critical care medicine and diabetology
|}

= Personal Life =

Dr. Albert Dawn resides in Kolkata, West Bengal.

Along with his medical profession, he remains connected with his family’s traditional business background and cultural heritage.

He can speak Bengali, English, and Hindi.

= External Links =

* [https://www.facebook.com/p/Dr-Albert-Dawn-100070999443510/ Facebook]

= See also =

* [[Indian doctors]]
* [[Critical care medicine]]
* [[Internal medicine]]

= References =

# ↑ [https://www.woodlandshospital.in/health-seminars.php ''Health Seminars and Speaker Sessions'']. In '''Woodlands Hospital'''. Retrieved 20 November 2025.
# ↑ [https://healthcare-bulletin.co.uk/article/a-study-on-catheter-associated-urinary-tract-infections-cauti-and-antibiotic-sensitivity-pattern-of-uropathogens-causing-cauti-3666/ ''A Study on Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTI) and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Uropathogens Causing CAUTI'']. In '''Healthcare Bulletin'''. Retrieved 20 November 2025.
# ↑ [https://www.worldwidejournals.com/international-journal-of-scientific-research-(IJSR)/recent_issues_pdf/2022/March/association-of-albuminuria-and-uric-acid-in-patients-with-type-2-diabetes-mellitus_March_2022_9769228416_8911075.pdf ''Association of Albuminuria and Uric Acid in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus'']. In '''International Journal of Scientific Research (IJSR)'''. Retrieved 20 November 2025.
# ↑ [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/92-yr-old-petrol-pump-tracks-rising-graph-of-fuel-price/articleshow/84215614.cms ''92-Year-Old Petrol Pump Tracks Rising Graph of Fuel Price'']. In '''The Times of India'''. Retrieved 20 November 2025.
# ↑ [https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/steeped-in-history/ ''Steeped in History'']. In '''The Indian Express'''. Retrieved 20 November 2025.
# ↑ [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/in-depth/when-petrol-cost-90-paise-a-litre-and-petrol-pumps-were-service-stations/videoshow/84871035.cms ''When Petrol Cost 90 Paise a Litre and Petrol Pumps Were Service Stations'']. In '''The Times of India Videos'''. Retrieved 20 November 2025.
# ↑ [https://www.youthkiawaaz.com/2021/07/story-of-eastern-indias-first-petrol-pump-that-witnessed-petrol-prices-from-90paise-%E2%82%B9100/ ''Story of Eastern India’s First Petrol Pump That Witnessed Petrol Prices From 90 Paise to ₹100'']. In '''Youth Ki Awaaz'''. Retrieved 20 November 2025.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dawn, Albert}}

[[Category:Indian doctors]]
[[Category:Indian physicians]]
[[Category:Intensivists]]
[[Category:People from Kolkata]]
[[Category:1989 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Healthcare professionals in India]]</text>
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{{Infobox person
| name = Dr. Albert Dawn
| image = Albert_Dawn.jpg
| caption = Dr. Albert Dawn in 2026
| birth_date = 27 June 1989 (age 36)
| birth_place = Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| nationality = Indian
| education = MBBS&lt;br&gt;MD (General Medicine)&lt;br&gt;DFM (RCGP, UK)
| occupation = Doctor, Consultant Physician, Intensivist, Entrepreneur
| years_active = 2016–present
| known_for = Internal Medicine, Critical Care, Healthcare initiatives, Petroleum business family legacy
| notable_works = Medical research papers and healthcare awareness initiatives
| awards = Bharat Ratna Samman – Certificate of Excellence (2025)&lt;br&gt;National Doctor's Day Excellence Award (2025)
| parents = Mr Kanchan Kumar Dawn
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
}}

{{Short description|Indian doctor, consultant physician, intensivist and entrepreneur}}

'''Dr. Albert Dawn''' is an Indian doctor, consultant physician, intensivist, healthcare entrepreneur, and public health advocate based in Kolkata, West Bengal, India. He is known for his contributions in internal medicine, critical care, emergency medicine, diabetology, and healthcare awareness initiatives across Eastern India.

Over the years, Dr. Albert Dawn has worked with several reputed hospitals including Apollo Gleneagles Hospital, AMRI Hospitals, IQ City Medical College Hospital, Apollo Multispeciality Hospital Kolkata, and M.P. Birla Hospital.

Besides his medical career, he is also associated with social healthcare campaigns, emergency response awareness programs, and public welfare initiatives.

Dr. Albert Dawn belongs to a prominent business family historically connected with the petroleum industry in Eastern India for multiple generations.

== Early Life &amp; Education ==

Dr. Albert Dawn was born on 27 June 1989 in Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

He was raised in a family with a strong background in business, healthcare awareness, and cultural traditions. His family played a role in the growth of petroleum trade and fuel retail operations in Eastern India.

Historical family business activities were connected with early petrol import initiatives and petrol pump operations in Kolkata around the 1920s and 1930s.

Apart from his professional career, Dr. Dawn is also involved in preserving his family’s long-standing Jagadhatri Puja tradition in Kolkata.

=== Education ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Qualification
! Institution
|-
| MBBS
| West Bengal University of Health Sciences
|-
| MD (General Medicine)
| West Bengal University of Health Sciences
|-
| DFM (Family Medicine)
| Royal College of General Practitioners, United Kingdom
|-
| DECC
| University of Newcastle, Australia
|-
| FCD
| University of Cardiff, United Kingdom
|-
| Certificate Course in Diabetes
| Royal College of Physicians, United Kingdom
|-
| FCC
| American College of Cardiology, United States
|-
| Fellowship in Diabetes
| Royal Liverpool Academy, United Kingdom
|-
| ACMDC
| World Heart Federation, Geneva
|-
| CCMH
| British and Irish Hypertension Society
|-
| ACLS Instructor
| American Heart Association, United States
|}

== Career ==

Dr. Albert Dawn started his professional journey in internal medicine and critical care medicine in 2016.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Period
! Position
! Institution
|-
| April 2025 – Present
| Consultant Internal Medicine &amp; Intensivist
| M.P. Birla Hospital, Satna
|-
| April 2024 – March 2025
| Consultant &amp; HOD Critical Care &amp; Emergency
| IQ City Medical College Hospital, Durgapur
|-
| May 2022 – April 2024
| Junior Consultant and In-charge Day Care Oncology Unit
| Apollo Multispeciality Hospitals Ltd, Kolkata
|-
| May 2020 – May 2022
| MD, General Medicine
| KPC Medical College &amp; Hospital, Kolkata
|-
| March 2018 – May 2020
| Gastroenterology Registrar
| AMRI Hospitals, Mukundapur, Kolkata
|-
| July 2017 – August 2018
| Deputy Medical Superintendent
| Woodlands Multispeciality Hospital, Kolkata
|-
| May 2016 – February 2018
| Critical Care Registrar
| Apollo Gleneagles Hospitals Ltd, Kolkata
|}

During his tenure in healthcare institutions, Dr. Dawn worked in trauma care, emergency medicine, critical care management, diabetology, and internal medicine.

His areas of expertise include:

* Internal Medicine
* Critical Care Medicine
* Emergency Medicine
* Diabetology
* Pulmonary Care
* Cardiology Support Care

== Notable Works ==

Dr. Albert Dawn has been associated with several healthcare awareness programs and public welfare initiatives.

He promoted emergency healthcare awareness among petrol pump workers and encouraged Basic Life Support (BLS) training initiatives for frontline workers.

He also supported the establishment of a women-friendly “Pink Zone” at a Bharat Petroleum outlet near VIP More, Kolkata.

Apart from medical practice, he has participated in healthcare seminars, medical camps, rural awareness programs, and public health outreach activities.

=== Research Papers ===

# [https://healthcare-bulletin.co.uk/article/a-study-on-catheter-associated-urinary-tract-infections-cauti-and-antibiotic-sensitivity-pattern-of-uropathogens-causing-cauti-3666/ ''A Study on Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTI) and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Uropathogens Causing CAUTI'']
# [https://www.worldwidejournals.com/international-journal-of-scientific-research-(IJSR)/recent_issues_pdf/2022/March/association-of-albuminuria-and-uric-acid-in-patients-with-type-2-diabetes-mellitus_March_2022_9769228416_8911075.pdf ''Association of Albuminuria and Uric Acid in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus'']

== Achievements and Recognition ==

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Year
! Award
! Organization
! Recognition
|-
| 2025
| Bharat Ratna Samman – Certificate of Excellence
| Bharat Ratna Samman Organization
| Recognized for dedication and excellence in medicine and intensive care
|-
| 2025
| National Doctor's Day Excellence Award
| We Care Media and White Coat Legend
| Honoured for contribution to critical care medicine and diabetology
|}

== Personal Life ==

Dr. Albert Dawn resides in Kolkata, West Bengal.

Along with his medical profession, he remains connected with his family’s traditional business background and cultural heritage.

He can speak Bengali, English, and Hindi.

== External Links ==

* [https://www.facebook.com/p/Dr-Albert-Dawn-100070999443510/ Facebook]

== See also ==

* [[Indian doctors]]
* [[Critical care medicine]]
* [[Internal medicine]]

== References ==

# ↑ [https://www.woodlandshospital.in/health-seminars.php ''Health Seminars and Speaker Sessions'']. In '''Woodlands Hospital'''. Retrieved 20 November 2025.
# ↑ [https://healthcare-bulletin.co.uk/article/a-study-on-catheter-associated-urinary-tract-infections-cauti-and-antibiotic-sensitivity-pattern-of-uropathogens-causing-cauti-3666/ ''A Study on Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTI) and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Uropathogens Causing CAUTI'']. In '''Healthcare Bulletin'''. Retrieved 20 November 2025.
# ↑ [https://www.worldwidejournals.com/international-journal-of-scientific-research-(IJSR)/recent_issues_pdf/2022/March/association-of-albuminuria-and-uric-acid-in-patients-with-type-2-diabetes-mellitus_March_2022_9769228416_8911075.pdf ''Association of Albuminuria and Uric Acid in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus'']. In '''International Journal of Scientific Research (IJSR)'''. Retrieved 20 November 2025.
# ↑ [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/92-yr-old-petrol-pump-tracks-rising-graph-of-fuel-price/articleshow/84215614.cms ''92-Year-Old Petrol Pump Tracks Rising Graph of Fuel Price'']. In '''The Times of India'''. Retrieved 20 November 2025.
# ↑ [https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/steeped-in-history/ ''Steeped in History'']. In '''The Indian Express'''. Retrieved 20 November 2025.
# ↑ [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/in-depth/when-petrol-cost-90-paise-a-litre-and-petrol-pumps-were-service-stations/videoshow/84871035.cms ''When Petrol Cost 90 Paise a Litre and Petrol Pumps Were Service Stations'']. In '''The Times of India Videos'''. Retrieved 20 November 2025.
# ↑ [https://www.youthkiawaaz.com/2021/07/story-of-eastern-indias-first-petrol-pump-that-witnessed-petrol-prices-from-90paise-%E2%82%B9100/ ''Story of Eastern India’s First Petrol Pump That Witnessed Petrol Prices From 90 Paise to ₹100'']. In '''Youth Ki Awaaz'''. Retrieved 20 November 2025.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dawn, Albert}}

[[Category:Indian doctors]]
[[Category:Indian physicians]]
[[Category:Intensivists]]
[[Category:People from Kolkata]]
[[Category:1989 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Healthcare professionals in India]]</text>
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      <text bytes="7047" sha1="r81d165z87mw45uzorvlniovto6avrs" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name = Dr. Albert Dawn
| image = Albert_Dawn.jpg
| caption = Dr. Albert Dawn in 2026
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1989|06|27}}
| birth_place = Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| nationality = Indian
| education = MBBS&lt;br&gt;MD (General Medicine)&lt;br&gt;DFM (RCGP, UK)
| occupation = Doctor, Consultant Physician, Intensivist, Entrepreneur
| years_active = 2016–present
| known_for = Internal Medicine, Critical Care, Healthcare initiatives
| notable_works = Medical research papers and healthcare awareness initiatives
| parents = Mr. Kanchan Kumar Dawn
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
}}

{{Short description|Indian doctor, consultant physician, intensivist and entrepreneur}}

'''Dr. Albert Dawn''' is an Indian doctor, consultant physician, intensivist, healthcare entrepreneur, and public health advocate based in Kolkata, West Bengal, India. He is known for his work in internal medicine, critical care, emergency medicine, diabetology, and healthcare awareness initiatives in Eastern India.

Over the years, Dr. Dawn has worked with several healthcare institutions including Apollo Gleneagles Hospital, AMRI Hospitals, IQ City Medical College Hospital, Apollo Multispeciality Hospital Kolkata, and M.P. Birla Hospital.

Apart from his medical profession, he has participated in healthcare awareness programs, emergency response initiatives, and public welfare activities.

Dr. Dawn belongs to a Kolkata-based business family historically associated with one of the oldest petrol retail businesses in Eastern India.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=92-year-old petrol pump tracks rising graph of fuel price |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/92-yr-old-petrol-pump-tracks-rising-graph-of-fuel-price/articleshow/84215614.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=17 May 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Steeped in history |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/steeped-in-history/ |work=The Indian Express |access-date=17 May 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Early life and education ==

Dr. Albert Dawn was born on 27 June 1989 in Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

He was raised in a family connected with business, healthcare awareness, and cultural traditions in Kolkata. Media reports have described the family’s fuel station business as one of the oldest petrol pump establishments in Eastern India.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=92-year-old petrol pump tracks rising graph of fuel price |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/92-yr-old-petrol-pump-tracks-rising-graph-of-fuel-price/articleshow/84215614.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=17 May 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Steeped in history |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/steeped-in-history/ |work=The Indian Express |access-date=17 May 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Story of Eastern India’s First Petrol Pump That Witnessed Petrol Prices From 90 Paise to ₹100 |url=https://www.youthkiawaaz.com/2021/07/story-of-eastern-indias-first-petrol-pump-that-witnessed-petrol-prices-from-90paise-%E2%82%B9100/ |website=Youth Ki Awaaz |access-date=17 May 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Apart from his professional career, Dr. Dawn is also associated with preserving his family’s traditional Jagadhatri Puja heritage in Kolkata.

=== Education ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Qualification
! Institution
|-
| MBBS
| West Bengal University of Health Sciences
|-
| MD (General Medicine)
| West Bengal University of Health Sciences
|-
| DFM (Family Medicine)
| Royal College of General Practitioners, United Kingdom
|-
| DECC
| University of Newcastle, Australia
|-
| FCD
| University of Cardiff, United Kingdom
|-
| Fellowship in Diabetes
| Royal Liverpool Academy, United Kingdom
|-
| ACMDC
| World Heart Federation, Geneva
|-
| ACLS Instructor
| American Heart Association, United States
|}

== Career ==

Dr. Albert Dawn started his professional career in internal medicine and critical care medicine in 2016.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Period
! Position
! Institution
|-
| April 2025 – Present
| Consultant Internal Medicine &amp; Intensivist
| M.P. Birla Hospital, Satna
|-
| April 2024 – March 2025
| Consultant &amp; HOD Critical Care &amp; Emergency
| IQ City Medical College Hospital, Durgapur
|-
| May 2022 – April 2024
| Junior Consultant and In-charge Day Care Oncology Unit
| Apollo Multispeciality Hospitals Ltd, Kolkata
|-
| May 2020 – May 2022
| MD, General Medicine
| KPC Medical College &amp; Hospital, Kolkata
|-
| March 2018 – May 2020
| Gastroenterology Registrar
| AMRI Hospitals, Mukundapur, Kolkata
|-
| July 2017 – August 2018
| Deputy Medical Superintendent
| Woodlands Multispeciality Hospital, Kolkata
|-
| May 2016 – February 2018
| Critical Care Registrar
| Apollo Gleneagles Hospitals Ltd, Kolkata
|}

During his tenure in healthcare institutions, Dr. Dawn worked in trauma care, emergency medicine, critical care management, diabetology, and internal medicine.

A social media video published in connection with M.P. Birla Hospital also featured his professional healthcare activities.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=M.P. Birla Hospital related video featuring Dr. Albert Dawn |url=https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=25135494776114355 |website=Facebook |access-date=17 May 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

His areas of work include:

* Internal Medicine
* Critical Care Medicine
* Emergency Medicine
* Diabetology
* Pulmonary Care
* Cardiology Support Care

== Research and publications ==

Dr. Albert Dawn has contributed to healthcare awareness programs and public welfare initiatives.

He has participated in healthcare seminars, medical camps, rural awareness programs, and public health outreach activities.

=== Research papers ===

# {{Cite journal |title=A Study on Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTI) and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Uropathogens Causing CAUTI |url=https://healthcare-bulletin.co.uk/article/a-study-on-catheter-associated-urinary-tract-infections-cauti-and-antibiotic-sensitivity-pattern-of-uropathogens-causing-cauti-3666/}}
# {{Cite journal |title=Association of Albuminuria and Uric Acid in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus |url=https://www.worldwidejournals.com/international-journal-of-scientific-research-(IJSR)/recent_issues_pdf/2022/March/association-of-albuminuria-and-uric-acid-in-patients-with-type-2-diabetes-mellitus_March_2022_9769228416_8911075.pdf}}

== Personal life ==

Dr. Albert Dawn resides in Kolkata, West Bengal.

Along with his medical profession, he remains connected with his family’s traditional business background and cultural heritage.

He can speak Bengali, English, and Hindi.

== External links ==

* [https://www.facebook.com/p/Dr-Albert-Dawn-100070999443510/ Official Facebook Page]

== See also ==

* [[Indian doctors]]
* [[Critical care medicine]]
* [[Internal medicine]]

== References ==

&lt;references /&gt;

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dawn, Albert}}

[[Category:1989 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian doctors]]
[[Category:Indian physicians]]
[[Category:Intensivists]]
[[Category:People from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Healthcare professionals in India]]</text>
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    <title>Wikiversity:Candidates for Custodianship/PieWriter</title>
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        <id>2969951</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Comments */ reply: {{support}} per above. (-) ([[mw:c:Special:MyLanguage/User:JWBTH/CD|CD]])</comment>
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      <text bytes="2219" sha1="a18ckjw0lu9tywo7yt3knet9v26kw0o" xml:space="preserve">=== {{User|PieWriter}} ===
Hello everyone! I am submitting my request for temporary custodianship for 4 weeks following the recent notice seeking additional custodians. I believe I can contribute positively to the project.

If granted the tools, I would be able to block LTAs and spambots, who may try to disrupt the project. I already have curator rights, but they do not allow me to &lt;code&gt;block&lt;/code&gt; users. I would also be able to &lt;code&gt;undelete&lt;/code&gt; pages in order to help with the undeletion requests.

I already have experience working with advanced permissions on Wikiquote, where I am an administrator, so I am familiar with the responsibilities and expectations that come with administrator access. I understand the importance of using the tools carefully, and only when necessary.

Thanks for considering me :)

==== Custodians offering mentorship ====
* Hopefully someone else might step in here and mentor, but I am available. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 03:05, 14 May 2026 (UTC)

==== Questions ====

==== Comments ====
* {{support}} PieWriter seems to know their way around wiki admin, has been contributing positively in this respect to Wikiversity, and is communicative. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 03:05, 14 May 2026 (UTC)
* {{comment}} See also: [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Curatorship/PieWriter]] -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 03:12, 14 May 2026 (UTC)
* {{support}} Seems safe enough for temporary adminship/custodianship and if it's successful and PW is motivated, I would encourage indefinite user rights. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 05:33, 14 May 2026 (UTC)
* {{support}} per above. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 02:53, 18 May 2026 (UTC)</text>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Jtneill moved page [[Talk:Story/Manchester City moves two points behind Arsenal]] to [[User talk:BigKrow/Manchester City moves two points behind Arsenal]] without leaving a redirect: Move to user space</comment>
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      <text bytes="921" sha1="77khz7r8qthva81vs14xaofxpsa5lgj" xml:space="preserve">==Relevance==
{{Ping|BigKrow}} My thoughts:
* This page sounds like it is more relevant to [[w:2025–26 Premier League]]
* What is the educational objective? (see [[Wikiversity:Mission]])

-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 00:21, 14 May 2026 (UTC)

:Maybe I should only do world news? @[[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BigKrow|contribs]]) 02:00, 14 May 2026 (UTC)
::For me the broader question is: In which part(s) of the WMF wiki ecosystem does a particular piece of knowledge best belong? If there is a clearly articulated educational objective, then it is likely welcome on Wikiversity. If not, it probably best belongs elsewhere. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 02:56, 14 May 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>77khz7r8qthva81vs14xaofxpsa5lgj</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>2810031</id>
      <parentid>2810030</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T02:12:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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      <comment>I've moved this page into your user space because it is insufficiently developed for the main space and lacks clear educational or research objectives.</comment>
      <origin>2810031</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1210" sha1="7k4cx7at8xzrk8jfcgucvz5rkzgxeix" xml:space="preserve">==Relevance==
{{Ping|BigKrow}} My thoughts:
* This page sounds like it is more relevant to [[w:2025–26 Premier League]]
* What is the educational objective? (see [[Wikiversity:Mission]])

-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 00:21, 14 May 2026 (UTC)

:Maybe I should only do world news? @[[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BigKrow|contribs]]) 02:00, 14 May 2026 (UTC)
::For me the broader question is: In which part(s) of the WMF wiki ecosystem does a particular piece of knowledge best belong? If there is a clearly articulated educational objective, then it is likely welcome on Wikiversity. If not, it probably best belongs elsewhere. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 02:56, 14 May 2026 (UTC)
::I've moved this page into your user space because it is insufficiently developed for the main space and lacks clear educational or research objectives. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 02:11, 18 May 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>7k4cx7at8xzrk8jfcgucvz5rkzgxeix</sha1>
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      <comment>Jtneill moved page [[Story/Manchester City moves two points behind Arsenal]] to [[User:BigKrow/Manchester City moves two points behind Arsenal]] without leaving a redirect: Move to user space</comment>
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      <text bytes="338" sha1="kogrorv774kwwzvraee64no9p5ocqlm" xml:space="preserve">This is a news article on the football club Manchester City defeating Crystal Palace, 3-0.

The football club, Manchester City moved two points behind Arsenal.
== Sources ==
*[https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/c392jpw443kt?post=asset%3A98db54a8-705e-4bd1-873d-c1ddef95cb35 BBC]
{{stub}}
[[Category:Wikinews]]
[[Category:Journalism]]</text>
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    <title>User:Dekatriofovia/Temporary ND Inspired Idea Notebook</title>
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      <comment>/* May 15, 2026, Friday */ I got a screen now, again.</comment>
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      <text bytes="1625" sha1="s2jk0q35on0d42fnl8bddpm6e45ex34" xml:space="preserve">The main diary is here: [[User:ThinkingScience/ND_Inspired_Idea_Notebook|Daily Diary of ND Inspired Idea]]

The reason for this temporary diary is until I get my new monitor so I can use the account which makes it easier for my back, my health to prosper.(I need to look down at the computer right now and my shoulders get more tense due to the stress of having my hands more forward rather than relaxed) which I see as a problem)

== Temporary &quot;Diary&quot; ==

All times are in UTC.

=== May 14, 2026, Thursday ===

Today renewed interest, considering doing something more regarding [[Draft:The Neurodiversity-inspired Idea/Method development through video notes]].

It's not technically hard. It's emotionally hard because I'm doing something that I am not very sure will respect the people in a &quot;Do no harm&quot; way. It's a difficult &quot;grey line&quot; to tread. As long as I am respectful this will work fine. I'm only planning to be respectful to the people I'm making notes about, let's see what more happens today.

=== May 15, 2026, Friday ===

10:18
Well today I should or I'd like to try watching the 2 videos I posted again. Today without any sound, including any video I see unless it's a movie I guess. Reasoning for that: listening to people talk can sometimes be a distraction when you're trying to figure out if I can &quot;see&quot; something that I can't see while having sound on. Sound can be a distraction sometimes for something I'm trying to see in video.

=== May 18, 2026, Monday ===

10:39
Right now I got my screen so I can use my [[User:ThinkingScience]] account again now. Much better for my posture! I have a new monitor!</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Banjo</title>
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      <comment>Minor Update - Clawhammer Style Biography</comment>
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      <text bytes="4547" sha1="hgz94y89tum7ct1i6buccsil81cznxf" xml:space="preserve">The '''Banjo''' is a stringed musical instrument with a long neck (commonly fretted) and a circular drum-like body covered by a tensioned membrane, played by plucking or striking the strings with fingers, picks, or a plectrum.&lt;ref&gt;''Collins English Dictionary: Complete &amp; Unabridged''. 2012 digital ed., HarperCollins Publishers, 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; Banjo playing is associated with a fast arpeggiated plucking, though many different playing styles are popular.

The most common of them is the 5-string banjo, usually for playing bluegrass, folk, or old-time music. The next most common is the 4-string tenor banjo, usually for playing Irish traditional music or jazz. Many other hybrid and modified versions of the banjo exist including banjitar, gourd banjo, long neck banjo, and more.

''To read more on the etymology, history, and types of banjos, I recommend the &quot;Banjo - Wikipedia&quot;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banjo] website.''

== Types of Banjos ==

=== 5-String Banjo ===
The standard 5-string banjo is defined by four strings tuned at the headstock, and a fifth string that is the same gauge as the first, but starts from the fifth fret, three-quarters the length of the other strings. It would have 22 frets along a length of between 25.5-27 inches. This often will come with a removable resonator allowing the instrument to be configured either as a resonator banjo or as an open-back banjo.

The most common playing styles include clawhammer, three-finger bluegrass, melodic (keith) style, and chromatic style.

==== Long neck banjos ====
The long-neck banjo is a variant of the standard 5-string banjo having an extended neck with three additional frets, allowing the instrument to be played in lower pitch ranges while also keeping a similar standard banjo tuning. The scale length can range from 28-32 inches.

This instrument was invented by Pete Seeger in 1944 when he had a luthier, John D'Angelico, modify his banjo to add two extra frets. That banjo would be stolen a five years later and he would commission one with three extra frets which he would popularize throughout the 1950's and 60's folk scene.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://banjonews.com/2014-03/the_seeger_long_neck_americas_third_banjo.html|title=Banjo Newsletter|website=banjonews.com|access-date=2026-05-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 4-String Plectrum Banjo ===
The four-string plectrum banjo is a standard banjo without the short drone string, consisting of the same number of frets and neck size. This banjo is usually played with a guitar-like pick and was used in Jazz, Irish traditional music, and musical stage productions.

The Tenor banjo is similar to this but with either 17 or 19 frets.

=== Banjo Hybrids and Homemade Variations ===
Most banjo hybrids combine the acoustic drum-head of a banjo with the playing and tuning style of the different instrument. These include the guitar banjo (banjitar), mandolin banjo (banjolin), ukelele banjo (banjolele), dobro banjo (dojo), cello banjo (celljo), bass banjo (bassjo), lute banjo, the electric banjo, and even a violin banjo. Bands and orchestras consisting of banjo-like instruments were at it's peak in the 1920's.

The gourd banjo is the furthest predecessor of the modern banjo, originally evolving from &quot;spike lutes&quot; in Western Africa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.si.edu/spotlight/banjos-smithsonian|title=Banjos {{!}} Smithsonian Institution|website=www.si.edu|language=en|access-date=2026-05-17}}&lt;/ref&gt; These would use strings made from gut or nylgut to provide a softer tone and less tension than metal strings.

Mountain Banjos are classified by their mostly wooden construction, with traditional models being fretless and using friction tuners, though modern versions can use partial/diatonic frets or geared tuners.

A canjo is a single string musical instrument that can be easily made at home. It consists of a simple wooden dowel or board with a single string, a tuner at the top, and an empty can mounted at the bottom.

== 5-String Banjo Styles ==

=== Frailing Styles ===
Frailing is the fundamental motion that is learned when doing clawhammer or old-time banjo playing. This uses combinations of downstroke notes, brush stroke, and thumb plucks to create different rhythmic patterns.  

==== Clawhammer ====
Past the basic strokes and techniques for frailing, styles with clawhammer banjo also includes Melodic, West Virginia, and Round-Peak Clawhammer.

=== Picking Styles ===
* Fingerpicking (Scruggs Style, Two-finger, Melodic (Keith) Style, Chromatic)

== Sources ==

[[Category:Music instruments]]</text>
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      <text bytes="6046" sha1="fqynw7ustolsvzddpkzd6rcbu3wro8l" xml:space="preserve">The '''Banjo''' is a stringed musical instrument with a long neck (commonly fretted) and a circular drum-like body covered by a tensioned membrane, played by plucking or striking the strings with fingers, picks, or a plectrum.&lt;ref&gt;''Collins English Dictionary: Complete &amp; Unabridged''. 2012 digital ed., HarperCollins Publishers, 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; Banjo playing is associated with a fast arpeggiated plucking, though many different playing styles are popular.

The most common of them is the 5-string banjo, usually for playing bluegrass, folk, or old-time music. The next most common is the 4-string tenor banjo, usually for playing Irish traditional music or jazz. Many other hybrid and modified versions of the banjo exist including banjitar, gourd banjo, long neck banjo, and more.

''To read more on the etymology, history, and types of banjos, I recommend the &quot;Banjo - Wikipedia&quot;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banjo] website.''

== Types of Banjos ==

=== 5-String Banjo ===
The standard 5-string banjo is defined by four strings tuned at the headstock, and a fifth string that is the same gauge as the first, but starts from the fifth fret, three-quarters the length of the other strings. It would have 22 frets along a length of between 25.5-27 inches. This often will come with a removable resonator allowing the instrument to be configured either as a resonator banjo or as an open-back banjo.

The most common playing styles include clawhammer, three-finger bluegrass, melodic (keith) style, and chromatic style.

==== Long neck banjos ====
The long-neck banjo is a variant of the standard 5-string banjo having an extended neck with three additional frets, allowing the instrument to be played in lower pitch ranges while also keeping a similar standard banjo tuning. The scale length can range from 28-32 inches.

This instrument was invented by Pete Seeger in 1944 when he had a luthier, John D'Angelico, modify his banjo to add two extra frets. That banjo would be stolen a five years later and he would commission one with three extra frets which he would popularize throughout the 1950's and 60's folk scene.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://banjonews.com/2014-03/the_seeger_long_neck_americas_third_banjo.html|title=Banjo Newsletter|website=banjonews.com|access-date=2026-05-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 4-String Plectrum Banjo ===
The four-string plectrum banjo is a standard banjo without the short drone string, consisting of the same number of frets and neck size. This banjo is usually played with a guitar-like pick and was used in Jazz, Irish traditional music, and musical stage productions.

The Tenor banjo is similar to this but with either 17 or 19 frets.

=== Banjo Hybrids and Homemade Variations ===
Most banjo hybrids combine the acoustic drum-head of a banjo with the playing and tuning style of the different instrument. These include the guitar banjo (banjitar), mandolin banjo (banjolin), ukelele banjo (banjolele), dobro banjo (dojo), cello banjo (celljo), bass banjo (bassjo), lute banjo, the electric banjo, and even a violin banjo. Bands and orchestras consisting of banjo-like instruments were at it's peak in the 1920's.

The gourd banjo is the furthest predecessor of the modern banjo, originally evolving from &quot;spike lutes&quot; in Western Africa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.si.edu/spotlight/banjos-smithsonian|title=Banjos {{!}} Smithsonian Institution|website=www.si.edu|language=en|access-date=2026-05-17}}&lt;/ref&gt; These would use strings made from gut or nylgut to provide a softer tone and less tension than metal strings.

Mountain Banjos are classified by their mostly wooden construction, with traditional models being fretless and using friction tuners, though modern versions can use partial/diatonic frets or geared tuners.

A canjo is a single string musical instrument that can be easily made at home. It consists of a simple wooden dowel or board with a single string, a tuner at the top, and an empty can mounted at the bottom.

== 5-String Banjo Styles ==

=== Frailing Styles ===
Frailing is the fundamental motion that is learned when doing clawhammer or old-time banjo playing. This uses combinations of downstroke notes, brush stroke, and thumb plucks to create different rhythmic patterns.  

==== Clawhammer ====
Past the basic strokes and techniques for frailing, styles with clawhammer banjo also includes Melodic, West Virginia, and Round-Peak Clawhammer.

=== Picking Styles ===

==== Fingerstyle Picking ====
This commonly means using the fingertips to pluck strings independently, though can optionally include fingerpicks.

===== Two-Finger Style =====
This old-time style uses your thumb and one other finger to have a traditional and rhythm oriented folk songs. The most common form is Thumb-Lead Two-Finger where the thumb play melody notes on the lower-pitched strings, and the index fills in between and adds to the simple rhythm. The less common form is Index-Lead Two-Finger where the index finger plays the melody, while the thumb provides a droning technique and bass.

===== Three Finger Style =====
This more advanced style uses the thumb, index, and middle finger which allows for complex and continuous rolls that create a versatile rhythm. 

The thumb plays the 5th-string drone note and 4th-string bass notes, the index finger plays from the inner three strings usually, and the middle finger plays from the 1st, 2nd, or 3rd-strings depending on where it may alternate with the other fingers.

==== Using Fingerpicks ====
Fingerpicks are worn to replace the way a finger would pluck or a fingernail would strike at the string, in order to increase the volume, provide consistency, and produce brighter sounds instead of more mellow.

===== Scruggs Style =====

===== Melodic Style =====
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://bluegrassbanjo.org/melodic_chromatic.html|title=Difference between Melodic and Chromatic|website=bluegrassbanjo.org|access-date=2026-05-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===== Chromatic (Keith) Style =====

===== Single-String (Reno) Style =====

== Sources ==

[[Category:Music instruments]]</text>
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    <title>The Ignorant Observer Framework</title>
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      <text bytes="28762" sha1="1lx4d3t4p96afdwieqf9etlzp64ydne" xml:space="preserve">{{Research project}}

= The Ignorant Observer Framework =

''This research page is authored and maintained by [[User:IgnorantObserver|Aernoud Dekker]], an independent researcher and the originator of the framework described below. Page text is offered for review, critique, and collaborative refinement under [[Wikiversity:Copyrights|Wikiversity's standard licence]].''

== Status ==

Research project under active development. The framework consists of an interlinked set of technical and interpretive documents published at [https://ignorantobserver.xyz ignorantobserver.xyz] and archived on the [https://osf.io Open Science Framework]. The technical module ''Bandwidth-Limited Quantum Control'' (BLQC) sets out the framework's falsifiable experimental discriminator. The broader ''Ignorant Observer Framework'' (IOF) connects this technical core to questions in the foundations of quantum mechanics and the philosophy of mind. All work is single-authored.

== Summary ==

The Ignorant Observer Framework proposes that the conventional treatment of quantum measurement idealizes the measurement basis as stably available to the observer. The framework removes that idealization. It treats the measurement basis θ as a physical dynamical variable inside the apparatus, with its own causal history and its own information-production rate. Whether the apparatus can stably track θ is then a control-theoretic question, governed by an inequality between effective information-channel capacity and the basis-defining dynamics' entropy rate.

''Bandwidth-Limited Quantum Control'' (BLQC), the framework's technical module, derives — under the assumptions catalogued in the [[#Open objections|Open objections]] section below — a distinctive ''double-exponential'' visibility decay law and a corresponding falsifiable experimental signature: under variation of controller input power at clamped environmental temperature, the framework predicts that coherence time should ''lengthen'' with increasing power, the opposite of standard thermal decoherence. This sign-reversal is the central testable claim.

The framework as a whole also offers an interpretive extension that connects the technical proposal to existing positions in quantum foundations (Brukner, Rovelli's relational quantum mechanics) and to non-dual philosophy of mind (Advaita Vedānta). These interpretive elements are clearly fenced from the empirical core in [[#Philosophical interpretation|the relevant section below]]. What stands or falls with the experimental discriminator is the framework's specific physical mapping into these positions, not the positions themselves.

== Core question ==

''Can quantum visibility depend on finite observer or apparatus basis-tracking capacity, independently of, and distinguishably from, ordinary environmental decoherence?''

Phrased positively: if the classical degrees of freedom that define and maintain a measurement basis exhibit chaotic dynamics with positive Kolmogorov–Sinai entropy rate ''h''&lt;sub&gt;KS&lt;/sub&gt;, and if the effective information channel that constrains those degrees of freedom has capacity ''C''&lt;sub&gt;eff&lt;/sub&gt; insufficient to track them, does interference visibility decay in a functional form distinguishable from standard exponential or Gaussian dephasing — and does this decay respond to controller input power in a direction opposite to thermal decoherence?

== Technical proposal ==

The framework introduces the following quantities.

'''Effective channel capacity ''C''&lt;sub&gt;eff&lt;/sub&gt;''' (bits/s): the information rate available to the basis-tracking control loop, operationalised as
:''C''&lt;sub&gt;eff&lt;/sub&gt; = ''r'' · ''b'' · ''f''
with ''r'' the update rate (Hz), ''b'' the effective number of bits per update that constrain the basis variable θ, and ''f'' ∈ (0,1] the fraction of updates that genuinely constrain θ after overhead and latency. ''C''&lt;sub&gt;eff&lt;/sub&gt; is bounded above by the Landauer limit on the controller's actuation:
:''C''&lt;sub&gt;eff&lt;/sub&gt; ≤ ''P'' / (''k''&lt;sub&gt;B&lt;/sub&gt; ''T'' ln 2)
where ''P'' is controller input power and ''T'' is the temperature at which the controller operates.

'''Kolmogorov–Sinai entropy rate ''h''&lt;sub&gt;KS&lt;/sub&gt;''' (nats/s): the information-production rate of the classical degrees of freedom (voltage references, timing circuits, feedback loops) that define and maintain the measurement basis. For chaotic systems, ''h''&lt;sub&gt;KS&lt;/sub&gt; equals the sum of positive Lyapunov exponents (Pesin identity). It is estimated operationally from the exponential growth of one-step prediction error on logged controller states. The nats/s convention is used so that the deficit κ below combines ''h''&lt;sub&gt;KS&lt;/sub&gt; (nats/s) and ''C''&lt;sub&gt;eff&lt;/sub&gt; ln 2 (bits/s converted to nats/s) in consistent units; an equivalent all-bits form would be κ&lt;sub&gt;bits&lt;/sub&gt; = ''h''&lt;sub&gt;KS,bits&lt;/sub&gt; − ''C''&lt;sub&gt;eff&lt;/sub&gt;.

'''Ignorance rate κ''' (s&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;):
:κ = ''h''&lt;sub&gt;KS&lt;/sub&gt; − ''C''&lt;sub&gt;eff&lt;/sub&gt; · ln 2
The framework distinguishes two regimes. When κ &lt; 0 (''capacity-wins''), basis-tracking error stays bounded and standard quantum mechanics is recovered. When κ &gt; 0 (''chaos-wins''), the variance of the basis-tracking error grows exponentially in time as σ&lt;sub&gt;θ&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;(''t'') = σ&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; e&lt;sup&gt;2κ''t''&lt;/sup&gt;.

'''Measured visibility ''V''(''t'')'''. Averaging the interference term cos(φ − θ) over a Gaussian distribution of basis-tracking error δθ ∼ ''N''(0, σ&lt;sub&gt;θ&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;(''t'')) yields, in the small-angle regime,
:''V''(''t'') = exp(−½ σ&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; e&lt;sup&gt;2κ''t''&lt;/sup&gt;)
i.e. a ''double-exponential'' decay of visibility once the chaos-wins regime is entered.

'''Breakdown time ''t''&lt;sub&gt;break&lt;/sub&gt;'''. For a chosen visibility threshold ''V''*,
:''t''&lt;sub&gt;break&lt;/sub&gt; = (1 / 2κ) · ln(−2 ln ''V''* / σ&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) for κ &gt; 0.
''t''&lt;sub&gt;break&lt;/sub&gt; is the framework's primary observable.

The technical derivation extends the Data-Rate Theorem of Nair &amp; Evans (2004) and Tatikonda &amp; Mitter (2004) from linear plants to nonlinear, chaotic systems by substituting ''h''&lt;sub&gt;KS&lt;/sub&gt; for the sum-of-positive-eigenvalues bound. This extension is an explicit assumption of the framework rather than a proven theorem (see [[#Open objections|Open objections]]).

== Experimental discriminator ==

The framework prescribes the following experimental protocol as its central falsifiable test.

'''Independent variable''': controller input power ''P''. The controller is the physical system whose state defines and maintains the measurement basis (e.g. an interferometer phase-locking loop, a qubit readout chain, the active feedback in a precision interferometer).

'''Held constant''': the environmental temperature ''T'' at which the controller operates, by independent active thermal feedback. Holding ''T'' constant while varying ''P'' is what distinguishes the framework's prediction from standard thermal decoherence (which depends on ''T'' and ignores ''P'').

'''Dependent variable''': the visibility-decay breakdown time ''t''&lt;sub&gt;break&lt;/sub&gt;, fitted to interference data at a chosen visibility threshold (e.g. ''V''* = 0.5).

'''Prediction''': ∂''t''&lt;sub&gt;break&lt;/sub&gt;/∂''P'' &gt; 0 at clamped ''T'', with the visibility curve ''V''(''t'') fitting the double-exponential form exp(−½ σ&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; e&lt;sup&gt;2κ''t''&lt;/sup&gt;) better than a standard exponential ''e''&lt;sup&gt;−Γ''t''&lt;/sup&gt; or Gaussian ''e''&lt;sup&gt;−γ''t''²&lt;/sup&gt;.

'''What would count as falsification'''. Any of the following null findings counts against the framework:
* ∂''t''&lt;sub&gt;break&lt;/sub&gt;/∂''P'' ≤ 0 at clamped ''T'' (i.e. increasing controller power does not extend, or shortens, coherence time);
* ''V''(''t'') fits a single-exponential or Gaussian dephasing law significantly better than the double-exponential form, in the regime where the framework predicts the double-exponential should dominate;
* ''t''&lt;sub&gt;break&lt;/sub&gt; scales with the gravitational self-energy timescale ''t''&lt;sub&gt;OR&lt;/sub&gt; ∝ ''s'' / ''m''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (the [[Penrose interpretation of quantum mechanics|Penrose Objective Reduction]] prediction) rather than with ''C''&lt;sub&gt;eff&lt;/sub&gt;;
* ''C''&lt;sub&gt;eff&lt;/sub&gt; cannot be calibrated independently of ''t''&lt;sub&gt;break&lt;/sub&gt; (in which case the prediction would be unfalsifiable, which would itself count against the framework's experimental status).

The [https://www.qgemproject.com/ QGEM] pathfinder is cited in the BLQC manuscript as one candidate testbed; superconducting-qubit readout chains and precision interferometer phase-locking loops are others.

== Relation to quantum foundations ==

The framework is connected to, and partly draws from, several existing positions in the foundations of quantum mechanics.

* '''Brukner's information-theoretic reconstructions''' provide a precedent for treating information limits as structural constraints in quantum theory.
* '''Relational Quantum Mechanics''' (Rovelli) takes measurement outcomes to be relative to an observer-system; the framework provides one possible mechanism (finite ''C''&lt;sub&gt;eff&lt;/sub&gt;) for what makes one observer's frame physically inequivalent to another's.
* '''Decoherence theory''' is not opposed by the framework. The framework's prediction sits beside ordinary environmental decoherence and is intended to be ''distinguishable'' from it by the sign-reversal under power variation; in the capacity-wins regime (κ &lt; 0) standard decoherence theory is recovered.
* '''Measurement-independence'''. Because the framework treats the measurement basis as a dynamical variable with its own causal history, if extended to Bell-type set-ups it appears to imply a structural violation of statistical measurement-independence. The framework's response to the conventional &quot;conspiracy&quot; objection against superdeterminism is to attribute the correlation to common causal past plus a global consistency constraint rather than to fine-tuned initial conditions. This response is philosophical rather than mathematical and the formal extension (including a no-signalling treatment) is itself an open question (see [[#Open objections|Open objections]]).
* '''Penrose Objective Reduction''' is treated as an ''orthogonal'' competing mechanism whose predicted ''t''&lt;sub&gt;OR&lt;/sub&gt; ∝ ''s'' / ''m''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; scaling can be experimentally distinguished from the framework's ''C''&lt;sub&gt;eff&lt;/sub&gt;-driven ''t''&lt;sub&gt;break&lt;/sub&gt;. The numerical proximity of the two timescales in the mesoscopic regime motivates the protocol described in the next section but is treated as a coincidence pending experimental evidence.

== Philosophical interpretation ==

''This section describes interpretive extensions of the framework that go beyond the empirical core. Nothing in this section is a load-bearing element of the experimental claim. If the experimental discriminator returns a null result, the claimed physical realization of these interpretive readings within the framework would fall. The interpretive positions themselves — Advaita Vedānta, relational quantum mechanics — do not stand or fall on an interferometry experiment; what stands or falls is the framework's specific physical mapping into them.''

A direct statement of the framework's interpretive position appears in ''[https://ignorantobserver.xyz/documents/Hard_Problem_After_Deflation.pdf The Hard Problem Dissolved — But Into What? A Critical Response to Carlo Rovelli's &quot;There Is No 'Hard Problem of Consciousness'&quot;]'' (Dekker, May 2026). The response engages Rovelli's recent Noema essay, marks the substantial ground it shares with the framework, and identifies where the framework presses beyond Rovelli's deflationary physicalism toward a non-dual reading. Readers approaching the framework from philosophy of mind may find that essay the most accessible entry point.

The framework's interpretive layer is developed in dialogue with two existing positions.

The first is Carlo Rovelli's relational quantum mechanics. The framework can be read as supplying a candidate physical mechanism — the ''C''&lt;sub&gt;eff&lt;/sub&gt; versus ''h''&lt;sub&gt;KS&lt;/sub&gt; inequality — for what makes a measurement outcome relative to an observer rather than absolute. On this reading, the framework is a mechanistic specification of an idea that RQM leaves at the level of principle.

The second is the Advaita Vedānta tradition (Śaṅkara, Ramaṇa Mahaṛṣi), in which the apparent independence of the experiencing subject from the perceived world is treated as a structural feature of ignorance (''avidyā'') rather than a metaphysical fact. The framework's σ&lt;sub&gt;θ&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;(''t'') — the growing basis-tracking error of an observer whose capacity is insufficient to track its own apparatus — admits a structural analogy with avidyā as the phenomenological self-opacity of an embodied subject. The framework neither asserts that this analogy is more than structural nor that any experimental result could confirm or refute Advaita as a philosophical position; it offers the analogy as a way of locating the framework within a non-dual reading of the measurement problem for readers who find that reading useful.

Readers who prefer to ignore both interpretive readings should be able to evaluate the framework's empirical content from the [[#Technical proposal|Technical proposal]] and [[#Experimental discriminator|Experimental discriminator]] sections alone.

A further speculative extension, ''[https://ignorantobserver.xyz/documents/Creation_of_Duality.pdf The Creation of Duality]'', asks whether space, time, objecthood, and gravity-like structure can themselves be read as features of a consistent finite-observer world-model, with a Bridge Ansatz ''E''&lt;sub&gt;G&lt;/sub&gt; = (π/2)ℏκ linking the deficit rate κ to a gravitational energy scale via Margolus–Levitin saturation. Its scientific status is contingent on the BLQC experimental discriminator; until then it is offered explicitly as speculation.

== Consequences of a positive result ==

If the experimental discriminator returns the predicted result, several interpretive readings of the framework gain physical support rather than remaining speculative.

''Quantum mechanics as an observer-capacity-dependent regime.'' The framework's &quot;chaos-wins&quot; / &quot;capacity-wins&quot; distinction becomes a physical, not merely conceptual, partition. Standard quantum predictions are recovered to high accuracy in the capacity-wins regime; the framework predicts measurable departures in the chaos-wins regime. The quantum-classical transition then becomes information-theoretic and, in principle, controllable: throttling effective controller capacity should push a system across the transition without changing the plant.

''An epistemic reading of measurement.'' The framework's no-collapse account — measurement as an information-update inside a finite observer rather than a physical event in the world — becomes empirically defensible alongside other interpretations of the measurement problem, rather than a stipulation.

''Measurement-independence and locality.'' The framework's response to the conventional &quot;conspiracy&quot; objection against superdeterminism (common causal past plus a global consistency constraint, in place of fine-tuned initial conditions) becomes a substantive position rather than a philosophical reframing. Whether this amounts to a non-conspiratorial reading consistent with local realism remains a live debate; a positive result moves that debate from speculation onto experimental terrain.

''The Penrose-Objective-Reduction comparison.'' The framework's prediction depends on controller bandwidth rather than mass or geometry; a positive BLQC result combined with the absence of the ''t''&lt;sub&gt;OR&lt;/sub&gt; ∝ ''s'' / ''m''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; scaling would discriminate the two mechanisms experimentally.

''The interpretive analogy.'' The structural analogy between σ&lt;sub&gt;θ&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;(''t'') and the Vedantic notion of ''avidyā'' gains a concrete physical anchor rather than remaining purely analogical. The framework's claim is structural rather than metaphysical; a positive result strengthens the structural mapping, but does not itself adjudicate the philosophical positions the mapping connects.

None of these consequences is established by the experimental discriminator on its own. What the test establishes, if positive, is that the framework's bridge from a control-theoretic measurement model to these interpretive readings has a physical basis. The interpretive work in each direction remains.

== Documents ==

The framework's documents are published at [https://ignorantobserver.xyz ignorantobserver.xyz]. Direct links to the principal documents:

* '''[https://ignorantobserver.xyz/documents/BLQC.pdf Bandwidth-Limited Quantum Control]''' — finite-rate phase-reference test in the Penrose-overlap regime. The framework's falsifiable experimental discriminator.
* '''[https://ignorantobserver.xyz/documents/The_Ignorant_Observer.pdf The Ignorant Observer]''' — main framework document. Physical formalization inspired by Advaita Vedanta's insight into ignorance.
* '''[https://ignorantobserver.xyz/documents/Comprehensive_Experimental_Protocol.pdf Comprehensive Experimental Protocol]''' — preregistered prospective experiment discriminating a Penrose-style mass-geometry timescale from the BLQC capacity / instability timescale in the same mesoscopic apparatus.
* '''[https://ignorantobserver.xyz/documents/Forensic_Signatures.pdf Forensic Signatures]''' — retrospective screening of Chinese 63-qubit, Google Sycamore, and LIGO data for the double-exponential visibility decay signature predicted by BLQC. Motivating evidence for treating LIGO as a candidate regime; not causal attribution. Detailed findings and caveats are discussed in [[#Open objections|Open objections]].
* '''[https://ignorantobserver.xyz/documents/Capacity_Backaction_Frontier.pdf The Capacity–Backaction Frontier]''' — application to cryogenic quantum error correction. Defines an operational coordinate ρ&lt;sub&gt;CB&lt;/sub&gt; = ε&lt;sub&gt;QEC&lt;/sub&gt; ''C''&lt;sub&gt;eff&lt;/sub&gt; ln 2 / ''h''&lt;sub&gt;eff&lt;/sub&gt;(''N'', ''C''&lt;sub&gt;eff&lt;/sub&gt;) comparing useful syndrome capacity against the physical instability induced by obtaining and using it.
* '''[https://ignorantobserver.xyz/documents/Concise_Summary.pdf Concise Mathematical Summary]''' — shortest formal map of the IOF variables and BLQC test regimes.
* '''[https://ignorantobserver.xyz/documents/Question_and_Answers_IOF.pdf Questions and Answers (IOF)]''' — common questions on the framework addressed in depth.
* '''[https://ignorantobserver.xyz/documents/IOF_Assessment.pdf Scientific Editorial Assessment]''' — overview of the project architecture, explaining why BLQC is the technical hinge and how the philosophical and cosmological documents should be read conditionally.

A full archival deposit of the framework's documents is also available on the Open Science Framework at [https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/FCDSN doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/FCDSN].

== Open objections ==

The following objections to the framework are listed openly so that reviewers can engage with them directly. Several are diagnosed in the framework's own manuscripts; others reflect critiques the author has received in correspondence or anticipates from sophisticated readers. They are deliberately phrased from outside the framework's assumptions, not from within them.

# '''Useful capacity versus thermodynamic bound'''. The framework uses the Landauer expression ''C'' ≤ ''P'' / (''k''&lt;sub&gt;B&lt;/sub&gt; ''T'' ln 2) to relate controller input power ''P'' to channel capacity. Landauer is an ideal upper bound on bit-erasure cost; it does not guarantee that increased ''P'' actually translates to increased ''useful'' basis-tracking capacity. Additional power can equally well couple to actuator noise, electromagnetic leakage, vibration, or backaction channels that do not constrain the basis variable θ. Establishing that Δ''P'' → Δ''C''&lt;sub&gt;eff&lt;/sub&gt; in the predicted direction — with realistic loss budgets for the candidate apparatus — is a substantive engineering claim that the framework does not by itself establish.
# '''Existence of positive ''h''&lt;sub&gt;KS&lt;/sub&gt; in engineered apparatus'''. Many precision controllers (phase-locked loops, qubit readout chains, interferometer servo systems) are explicitly engineered to suppress chaotic dynamics. The basis-defining degrees of freedom may exhibit colored noise, slow drift, or stochastic control error rather than positive-''h''&lt;sub&gt;KS&lt;/sub&gt; chaos in the Pesin sense. If the relevant dynamics are not chaotic in this sense, the ''h''&lt;sub&gt;KS&lt;/sub&gt; framing may not apply at all, and a different rate-distortion accounting (or none) would be needed. Even where positive ''h''&lt;sub&gt;KS&lt;/sub&gt; can be identified, the operationally relevant rate may differ substantially from textbook surrogate estimates (kicked rotor, logistic map) used illustratively in the manuscripts.
# '''Rate-distortion extension to nonlinear / chaotic systems'''. The mapping from channel capacity ''C'' to angular tracking variance σ&lt;sub&gt;θ&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; ≥ ''D''/(''C'' ln 2) assumes a high-rate coder model and the framework extends the Data-Rate Theorem from linear plants to nonlinear chaotic systems by substituting ''h''&lt;sub&gt;KS&lt;/sub&gt;. This extension is an explicit assumption, not a proven theorem. If the extension fails, the closed-form visibility law and the κ-regime structure both lose their derivation.
# '''Gaussian small-angle assumption'''. The visibility expression ''V''(''t'') = exp(−½ σ&lt;sub&gt;θ&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) requires σ&lt;sub&gt;θ&lt;/sub&gt; ≲ 1 rad and a Gaussian basis-tracking error distribution. Non-Gaussian, heavy-tailed, or state-dependent δθ would break the closed-form double-exponential law.
# '''Decoherence and control-noise confound'''. Distinguishing the predicted visibility loss from ordinary environmental dephasing, alignment drift, and detector systematics is the central experimental challenge. The framework's answer is the sign-reversal under power variation at clamped ''T'' — a conceptually clean discriminator that is engineering-hard to realise. Independent calibration of ''C''&lt;sub&gt;eff&lt;/sub&gt; may be the single largest practical hurdle.
# '''Prior-art and reparameterization risk'''. The proposed double-exponential visibility signature may already be expressible within existing frameworks: compound dephasing channels with two or more contributing rates, classical feedback-loop instability, or hidden-variable control-noise models with appropriate parameter choices. The framework should be able to show that its prediction is genuinely new rather than a reparameterization of one of these known phenomena. The author's adversarial-mimic analysis is in progress, and a positive result on that front would substantially strengthen the framework's empirical claim.
# '''Bell / locality consistency'''. The framework implies a structural violation of statistical measurement-independence. The author's response (common causal past plus global consistency, in place of fine-tuned initial conditions) is a philosophical reframing rather than a no-signalling lemma. A proper consistency proof has not been published.
# '''Forensic-signature interpretation'''. The Forensic Signatures preprint applies a screening protocol to existing data from Chinese 63-qubit processors, Google Sycamore, and LIGO glitch records. The paper's own domain-of-validity statement is that BLQC applies in observer-limited rather than plant-limited regimes, and the protocol finds power-law dominance on the qubit datasets (consistent with that statement) and 43% Gompertz-consistent events on LIGO (consistent with BLQC). The paper flags a controller-regime confound for the LIGO result and is explicit that retrospective findings do not establish causal attribution to BLQC; the case rests on the prospective controlled-capacity experiment. The objection here is the standard one for retrospective signal analyses: even where the predicted geometry is present, it remains compatible with alternative explanations until the controlled experiment runs.
# '''Observer language'''. The framework's &quot;observer&quot; plays two distinct roles: the physical apparatus / controller whose finite ''C''&lt;sub&gt;eff&lt;/sub&gt; and ''h''&lt;sub&gt;KS&lt;/sub&gt; appear in the equations, and the epistemic subject for whom measurement outcomes are or are not determinate. The framework treats these as connected but not identified, and the distinction is load-bearing. Critics will reasonably worry — especially given the framework's interpretive engagement with non-dual philosophy and the philosophy of mind — that consciousness is being smuggled into the foundations of measurement under physical vocabulary. The framework's defence is that the BLQC experimental claim is stated entirely in apparatus-level terms; whether that defence holds depends on the framework keeping the two senses of &quot;observer&quot; rigorously separate.
# '''Interpretive vocabulary'''. Some of the framework's documents draw on vocabulary from philosophy of mind and non-dual philosophy (notably Advaita Vedānta) alongside the physical derivations. Readers who find this vocabulary off-putting are invited to evaluate the empirical content from the BLQC manuscript, which uses only standard physics and control-theory language.
# '''Peer-review status and independent replication'''. The framework has not yet undergone peer review, and the experimental discriminator has not been independently replicated. This is the actual current epistemic status of the work. The framework's case must be evaluated on its merits in the documents linked above and on the conduct of the prospective experiment, not on any external imprimatur.

== Invitation for review ==

This page is offered as a venue for substantive critique. The author is particularly interested in engagement on the following:

* '''From physicists working on quantum control or precision interferometry''': is the proposed sign-reversal under controller-power variation at clamped temperature genuinely distinguishable from known instrumental artefacts (closed-loop resonances, thermal-noise mismodelling, photon-shot-noise rebalancing at higher gain), and what existing apparatus would be best positioned to perform the test?
* '''From decoherence theorists''': under what conditions does the proposed double-exponential visibility law overlap with compound-channel decoherence models in ways that would make the two empirically indistinguishable? Is there a parameter regime where the framework's prediction is genuinely new rather than a reparameterisation of existing models?
* '''From researchers in the foundations of quantum mechanics''': how should the framework's structural violation of measurement-independence be evaluated against the alternatives in the superdeterminism / retrocausality / many-worlds landscape, and what would constitute a satisfactory consistency proof?
* '''From philosophers of mind''': the Advaita / RQM interpretive layer is offered conditionally on the empirical core. Is the conditional structure (&quot;these readings are available ''if'' the empirical claim survives&quot;) presented clearly enough, or does it still amount to overreach?

Comments, references to prior or parallel work the author may not be aware of, and pointers to potential confounds or alternative explanations are all welcome. Substantive critique on the [[Talk:The Ignorant Observer Framework|talk page]] will be acknowledged in subsequent revisions of the manuscripts.

== References ==

* Brukner, Č., &amp; Zeilinger, A. (1999). Operationally invariant information in quantum measurements. ''Physical Review Letters'', 83(17), 3354–3357.
* Nair, G. N., &amp; Evans, R. J. (2004). Stabilizability of stochastic linear systems with finite feedback data rates. ''SIAM Journal on Control and Optimization'', 43(2), 413–436.
* Penrose, R. (1996). On gravity's role in quantum state reduction. ''General Relativity and Gravitation'', 28(5), 581–600.
* Rovelli, C. (1996). Relational quantum mechanics. ''International Journal of Theoretical Physics'', 35(8), 1637–1678.
* Tatikonda, S., &amp; Mitter, S. (2004). Control under communication constraints. ''IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control'', 49(7), 1056–1068.

== See also ==

* [[w:Quantum decoherence|Decoherence]] (Wikipedia)
* [[w:Relational quantum mechanics|Relational quantum mechanics]] (Wikipedia)
* [[w:Penrose interpretation|Penrose interpretation]] (Wikipedia)
* [[w:Data-rate theorem|Data-rate theorem]] (Wikipedia)

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= The Ignorant Observer Framework =

''This research page is authored and maintained by [[User:IgnorantObserver|Aernoud Dekker]], an independent researcher and the originator of the framework described below. Page text is offered for review, critique, and collaborative refinement under [[Wikiversity:Copyrights|Wikiversity's standard licence]].''

== Status ==

Research project under active development. The framework consists of an interlinked set of technical and interpretive documents published at [https://ignorantobserver.xyz ignorantobserver.xyz] and archived on the [https://osf.io Open Science Framework]. The technical module ''Bandwidth-Limited Quantum Control'' (BLQC) sets out the framework's falsifiable experimental discriminator. The broader ''Ignorant Observer Framework'' (IOF) connects this technical core to questions in the foundations of quantum mechanics and the philosophy of mind. All work is single-authored.

== Summary ==

The Ignorant Observer Framework proposes that the conventional treatment of quantum measurement idealizes the measurement basis as stably available to the observer. The framework removes that idealization. It treats the measurement basis θ as a physical dynamical variable inside the apparatus, with its own causal history and its own information-production rate. Whether the apparatus can stably track θ is then a control-theoretic question, governed by an inequality between effective information-channel capacity and the basis-defining dynamics' entropy rate.

''Bandwidth-Limited Quantum Control'' (BLQC), the framework's technical module, derives — under the assumptions catalogued in the [[#Open objections|Open objections]] section below — a distinctive ''double-exponential'' visibility decay law and a corresponding falsifiable experimental signature: under variation of controller input power at clamped environmental temperature, the framework predicts that coherence time should ''lengthen'' with increasing power, the opposite of standard thermal decoherence. This sign-reversal is the central testable claim.

The framework as a whole also offers an interpretive extension that connects the technical proposal to existing positions in quantum foundations (Brukner, Rovelli's relational quantum mechanics) and to non-dual philosophy of mind (Advaita Vedānta). These interpretive elements are clearly fenced from the empirical core in [[#Philosophical interpretation|the relevant section below]]. What stands or falls with the experimental discriminator is the framework's specific physical mapping into these positions, not the positions themselves.

== Core question ==

''Can quantum visibility depend on finite observer or apparatus basis-tracking capacity, independently of, and distinguishably from, ordinary environmental decoherence?''

Phrased positively: if the classical degrees of freedom that define and maintain a measurement basis exhibit chaotic dynamics with positive Kolmogorov–Sinai entropy rate ''h''&lt;sub&gt;KS&lt;/sub&gt;, and if the effective information channel that constrains those degrees of freedom has capacity ''C''&lt;sub&gt;eff&lt;/sub&gt; insufficient to track them, does interference visibility decay in a functional form distinguishable from standard exponential or Gaussian dephasing — and does this decay respond to controller input power in a direction opposite to thermal decoherence?

== Technical proposal ==

The framework introduces the following quantities.

'''Effective channel capacity ''C''&lt;sub&gt;eff&lt;/sub&gt;''' (bits/s): the information rate available to the basis-tracking control loop, operationalised as
:''C''&lt;sub&gt;eff&lt;/sub&gt; = ''r'' · ''b'' · ''f''
with ''r'' the update rate (Hz), ''b'' the effective number of bits per update that constrain the basis variable θ, and ''f'' ∈ (0,1] the fraction of updates that genuinely constrain θ after overhead and latency. ''C''&lt;sub&gt;eff&lt;/sub&gt; is bounded above by the Landauer limit on the controller's actuation:
:''C''&lt;sub&gt;eff&lt;/sub&gt; ≤ ''P'' / (''k''&lt;sub&gt;B&lt;/sub&gt; ''T'' ln 2)
where ''P'' is controller input power and ''T'' is the temperature at which the controller operates.

'''Kolmogorov–Sinai entropy rate ''h''&lt;sub&gt;KS&lt;/sub&gt;''' (nats/s): the information-production rate of the classical degrees of freedom (voltage references, timing circuits, feedback loops) that define and maintain the measurement basis. For chaotic systems, ''h''&lt;sub&gt;KS&lt;/sub&gt; equals the sum of positive Lyapunov exponents (Pesin identity). It is estimated operationally from the exponential growth of one-step prediction error on logged controller states. The nats/s convention is used so that the deficit κ below combines ''h''&lt;sub&gt;KS&lt;/sub&gt; (nats/s) and ''C''&lt;sub&gt;eff&lt;/sub&gt; ln 2 (bits/s converted to nats/s) in consistent units; an equivalent all-bits form would be κ&lt;sub&gt;bits&lt;/sub&gt; = ''h''&lt;sub&gt;KS,bits&lt;/sub&gt; − ''C''&lt;sub&gt;eff&lt;/sub&gt;.

'''Ignorance rate κ''' (s&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;):
:κ = ''h''&lt;sub&gt;KS&lt;/sub&gt; − ''C''&lt;sub&gt;eff&lt;/sub&gt; · ln 2
The framework distinguishes two regimes. When κ &lt; 0 (''capacity-wins''), basis-tracking error stays bounded and standard quantum mechanics is recovered. When κ &gt; 0 (''chaos-wins''), the variance of the basis-tracking error grows exponentially in time as σ&lt;sub&gt;θ&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;(''t'') = σ&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; e&lt;sup&gt;2κ''t''&lt;/sup&gt;.

'''Measured visibility ''V''(''t'')'''. Averaging the interference term cos(φ − θ) over a Gaussian distribution of basis-tracking error δθ ∼ ''N''(0, σ&lt;sub&gt;θ&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;(''t'')) yields, in the small-angle regime,
:''V''(''t'') = exp(−½ σ&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; e&lt;sup&gt;2κ''t''&lt;/sup&gt;)
i.e. a ''double-exponential'' decay of visibility once the chaos-wins regime is entered.

'''Breakdown time ''t''&lt;sub&gt;break&lt;/sub&gt;'''. For a chosen visibility threshold ''V''*,
:''t''&lt;sub&gt;break&lt;/sub&gt; = (1 / 2κ) · ln(−2 ln ''V''* / σ&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) for κ &gt; 0.
''t''&lt;sub&gt;break&lt;/sub&gt; is the framework's primary observable.

The technical derivation extends the Data-Rate Theorem of Nair &amp; Evans (2004) and Tatikonda &amp; Mitter (2004) from linear plants to nonlinear, chaotic systems by substituting ''h''&lt;sub&gt;KS&lt;/sub&gt; for the sum-of-positive-eigenvalues bound. This extension is an explicit assumption of the framework rather than a proven theorem (see [[#Open objections|Open objections]]).

== Experimental discriminator ==

The framework prescribes the following experimental protocol as its central falsifiable test.

'''Independent variable''': controller input power ''P''. The controller is the physical system whose state defines and maintains the measurement basis (e.g. an interferometer phase-locking loop, a qubit readout chain, the active feedback in a precision interferometer).

'''Held constant''': the environmental temperature ''T'' at which the controller operates, by independent active thermal feedback. Holding ''T'' constant while varying ''P'' is what distinguishes the framework's prediction from standard thermal decoherence (which depends on ''T'' and ignores ''P'').

'''Dependent variable''': the visibility-decay breakdown time ''t''&lt;sub&gt;break&lt;/sub&gt;, fitted to interference data at a chosen visibility threshold (e.g. ''V''* = 0.5).

'''Prediction''': ∂''t''&lt;sub&gt;break&lt;/sub&gt;/∂''P'' &gt; 0 at clamped ''T'', with the visibility curve ''V''(''t'') fitting the double-exponential form exp(−½ σ&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; e&lt;sup&gt;2κ''t''&lt;/sup&gt;) better than a standard exponential ''e''&lt;sup&gt;−Γ''t''&lt;/sup&gt; or Gaussian ''e''&lt;sup&gt;−γ''t''²&lt;/sup&gt;.

'''What would count as falsification'''. Any of the following null findings counts against the framework:
* ∂''t''&lt;sub&gt;break&lt;/sub&gt;/∂''P'' ≤ 0 at clamped ''T'' (i.e. increasing controller power does not extend, or shortens, coherence time);
* ''V''(''t'') fits a single-exponential or Gaussian dephasing law significantly better than the double-exponential form, in the regime where the framework predicts the double-exponential should dominate;
* ''t''&lt;sub&gt;break&lt;/sub&gt; scales with the gravitational self-energy timescale ''t''&lt;sub&gt;OR&lt;/sub&gt; ∝ ''s'' / ''m''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (the [[Penrose interpretation of quantum mechanics|Penrose Objective Reduction]] prediction) rather than with ''C''&lt;sub&gt;eff&lt;/sub&gt;;
* ''C''&lt;sub&gt;eff&lt;/sub&gt; cannot be calibrated independently of ''t''&lt;sub&gt;break&lt;/sub&gt; (in which case the prediction would be unfalsifiable, which would itself count against the framework's experimental status).

The [https://www.qgemproject.com/ QGEM] pathfinder is cited in the BLQC manuscript as one candidate testbed; superconducting-qubit readout chains and precision interferometer phase-locking loops are others.

== Relation to quantum foundations ==

The framework is connected to, and partly draws from, several existing positions in the foundations of quantum mechanics.

* '''Brukner's information-theoretic reconstructions''' provide a precedent for treating information limits as structural constraints in quantum theory.
* '''Relational Quantum Mechanics''' (Rovelli) takes measurement outcomes to be relative to an observer-system; the framework provides one possible mechanism (finite ''C''&lt;sub&gt;eff&lt;/sub&gt;) for what makes one observer's frame physically inequivalent to another's.
* '''Decoherence theory''' is not opposed by the framework. The framework's prediction sits beside ordinary environmental decoherence and is intended to be ''distinguishable'' from it by the sign-reversal under power variation; in the capacity-wins regime (κ &lt; 0) standard decoherence theory is recovered.
* '''Measurement-independence'''. Because the framework treats the measurement basis as a dynamical variable with its own causal history, if extended to Bell-type set-ups it appears to imply a structural violation of statistical measurement-independence. The framework's response to the conventional &quot;conspiracy&quot; objection against superdeterminism is to attribute the correlation to common causal past plus a global consistency constraint rather than to fine-tuned initial conditions. This response is philosophical rather than mathematical and the formal extension (including a no-signalling treatment) is itself an open question (see [[#Open objections|Open objections]]).
* '''Penrose Objective Reduction''' is treated as an ''orthogonal'' competing mechanism whose predicted ''t''&lt;sub&gt;OR&lt;/sub&gt; ∝ ''s'' / ''m''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; scaling can be experimentally distinguished from the framework's ''C''&lt;sub&gt;eff&lt;/sub&gt;-driven ''t''&lt;sub&gt;break&lt;/sub&gt;. The numerical proximity of the two timescales in the mesoscopic regime motivates the protocol described in the next section but is treated as a coincidence pending experimental evidence.

== Philosophical interpretation ==

''This section describes interpretive extensions of the framework that go beyond the empirical core. Nothing in this section is a load-bearing element of the experimental claim. If the experimental discriminator returns a null result, the claimed physical realization of these interpretive readings within the framework would fall. The interpretive positions themselves — Advaita Vedānta, relational quantum mechanics — do not stand or fall on an interferometry experiment; what stands or falls is the framework's specific physical mapping into them.''

A direct statement of the framework's interpretive position appears in ''[https://ignorantobserver.xyz/documents/Hard_Problem_After_Deflation.pdf The Hard Problem Dissolved — But Into What? A Critical Response to Carlo Rovelli's &quot;There Is No 'Hard Problem of Consciousness'&quot;]'' (Dekker, May 2026). The response engages Rovelli's recent Noema essay, marks the substantial ground it shares with the framework, and identifies where the framework presses beyond Rovelli's deflationary physicalism toward a non-dual reading. Readers approaching the framework from philosophy of mind may find that essay the most accessible entry point.

The framework's interpretive layer is developed in dialogue with two existing positions.

The first is Carlo Rovelli's relational quantum mechanics. The framework can be read as supplying a candidate physical mechanism — the ''C''&lt;sub&gt;eff&lt;/sub&gt; versus ''h''&lt;sub&gt;KS&lt;/sub&gt; inequality — for what makes a measurement outcome relative to an observer rather than absolute. On this reading, the framework is a mechanistic specification of an idea that RQM leaves at the level of principle.

The second is the Advaita Vedānta tradition (Śaṅkara, Ramaṇa Mahaṛṣi), in which the apparent independence of the experiencing subject from the perceived world is treated as a structural feature of ignorance (''avidyā'') rather than a metaphysical fact. The framework's σ&lt;sub&gt;θ&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;(''t'') — the growing basis-tracking error of an observer whose capacity is insufficient to track its own apparatus — admits a structural analogy with avidyā as the phenomenological self-opacity of an embodied subject. The framework neither asserts that this analogy is more than structural nor that any experimental result could confirm or refute Advaita as a philosophical position; it offers the analogy as a way of locating the framework within a non-dual reading of the measurement problem for readers who find that reading useful.

Readers who prefer to ignore both interpretive readings should be able to evaluate the framework's empirical content from the [[#Technical proposal|Technical proposal]] and [[#Experimental discriminator|Experimental discriminator]] sections alone.

A further speculative extension, ''[https://ignorantobserver.xyz/documents/Creation_of_Duality.pdf The Creation of Duality]'', asks whether space, time, objecthood, and gravity-like structure can themselves be read as features of a consistent finite-observer world-model, with a Bridge Ansatz ''E''&lt;sub&gt;G&lt;/sub&gt; = (π/2)ℏκ linking the deficit rate κ to a gravitational energy scale via Margolus–Levitin saturation. Its scientific status is contingent on the BLQC experimental discriminator; until then it is offered explicitly as speculation.

== Consequences of a positive result ==

If the experimental discriminator returns the predicted result, several interpretive readings of the framework gain physical support rather than remaining speculative.

''Quantum mechanics as an observer-capacity-dependent regime.'' The framework's &quot;chaos-wins&quot; / &quot;capacity-wins&quot; distinction becomes a physical, not merely conceptual, partition. Standard quantum predictions are recovered to high accuracy in the capacity-wins regime; the framework predicts measurable departures in the chaos-wins regime. The quantum-classical transition then becomes information-theoretic and, in principle, controllable: throttling effective controller capacity should push a system across the transition without changing the plant.

''An epistemic reading of measurement.'' The framework's no-collapse account — measurement as an information-update inside a finite observer rather than a physical event in the world — becomes empirically defensible alongside other interpretations of the measurement problem, rather than a stipulation.

''Measurement-independence and locality.'' The framework's response to the conventional &quot;conspiracy&quot; objection against superdeterminism (common causal past plus a global consistency constraint, in place of fine-tuned initial conditions) becomes a substantive position rather than a philosophical reframing. Whether this amounts to a non-conspiratorial reading consistent with local realism remains a live debate; a positive result moves that debate from speculation onto experimental terrain.

''The Penrose-Objective-Reduction comparison.'' The framework's prediction depends on controller bandwidth rather than mass or geometry; a positive BLQC result combined with the absence of the ''t''&lt;sub&gt;OR&lt;/sub&gt; ∝ ''s'' / ''m''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; scaling would discriminate the two mechanisms experimentally.

''The interpretive analogy.'' The structural analogy between σ&lt;sub&gt;θ&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;(''t'') and the Vedantic notion of ''avidyā'' gains a concrete physical anchor rather than remaining purely analogical. The framework's claim is structural rather than metaphysical; a positive result strengthens the structural mapping, but does not itself adjudicate the philosophical positions the mapping connects.

None of these consequences is established by the experimental discriminator on its own. What the test establishes, if positive, is that the framework's bridge from a control-theoretic measurement model to these interpretive readings has a physical basis. The interpretive work in each direction remains.

== Documents ==

The framework's documents are published at [https://ignorantobserver.xyz ignorantobserver.xyz]. Direct links to the principal documents:

* '''[https://ignorantobserver.xyz/documents/BLQC.pdf Bandwidth-Limited Quantum Control]''' — finite-rate phase-reference test in the Penrose-overlap regime. The framework's falsifiable experimental discriminator.
* '''[https://ignorantobserver.xyz/documents/The_Ignorant_Observer.pdf The Ignorant Observer]''' — main framework document. Physical formalization inspired by Advaita Vedanta's insight into ignorance.
* '''[https://ignorantobserver.xyz/documents/Comprehensive_Experimental_Protocol.pdf Comprehensive Experimental Protocol]''' — preregistered prospective experiment discriminating a Penrose-style mass-geometry timescale from the BLQC capacity / instability timescale in the same mesoscopic apparatus.
* '''[https://ignorantobserver.xyz/documents/Forensic_Signatures.pdf Forensic Signatures]''' — retrospective screening of Chinese 63-qubit, Google Sycamore, and LIGO data for the double-exponential visibility decay signature predicted by BLQC. Motivating evidence for treating LIGO as a candidate regime; not causal attribution. Detailed findings and caveats are discussed in [[#Open objections|Open objections]].
* '''[https://ignorantobserver.xyz/documents/Capacity_Backaction_Frontier.pdf The Capacity–Backaction Frontier]''' — application to cryogenic quantum error correction. Defines an operational coordinate ρ&lt;sub&gt;CB&lt;/sub&gt; = ε&lt;sub&gt;QEC&lt;/sub&gt; ''C''&lt;sub&gt;eff&lt;/sub&gt; ln 2 / ''h''&lt;sub&gt;eff&lt;/sub&gt;(''N'', ''C''&lt;sub&gt;eff&lt;/sub&gt;) comparing useful syndrome capacity against the physical instability induced by obtaining and using it.
* '''[https://ignorantobserver.xyz/documents/Concise_Summary.pdf Concise Mathematical Summary]''' — shortest formal map of the IOF variables and BLQC test regimes.
* '''[https://ignorantobserver.xyz/documents/Question_and_Answers_IOF.pdf Questions and Answers (IOF)]''' — common questions on the framework addressed in depth.
* '''[https://ignorantobserver.xyz/documents/IOF_Assessment.pdf Scientific Editorial Assessment]''' — overview of the project architecture, explaining why BLQC is the technical hinge and how the philosophical and cosmological documents should be read conditionally.

A full archival deposit of the framework's documents is also available on the Open Science Framework at [https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/FCDSN doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/FCDSN].

== Open objections ==

The following objections to the framework are listed openly so that reviewers can engage with them directly. Several are diagnosed in the framework's own manuscripts; others reflect critiques the author has received in correspondence or anticipates from sophisticated readers. They are deliberately phrased from outside the framework's assumptions, not from within them.

# '''Useful capacity versus thermodynamic bound'''. The framework uses the Landauer expression ''C'' ≤ ''P'' / (''k''&lt;sub&gt;B&lt;/sub&gt; ''T'' ln 2) to relate controller input power ''P'' to channel capacity. Landauer is an ideal upper bound on bit-erasure cost; it does not guarantee that increased ''P'' actually translates to increased ''useful'' basis-tracking capacity. Additional power can equally well couple to actuator noise, electromagnetic leakage, vibration, or backaction channels that do not constrain the basis variable θ. Establishing that Δ''P'' → Δ''C''&lt;sub&gt;eff&lt;/sub&gt; in the predicted direction — with realistic loss budgets for the candidate apparatus — is a substantive engineering claim that the framework does not by itself establish.
# '''Existence of positive ''h''&lt;sub&gt;KS&lt;/sub&gt; in engineered apparatus'''. Many precision controllers (phase-locked loops, qubit readout chains, interferometer servo systems) are explicitly engineered to suppress chaotic dynamics. The basis-defining degrees of freedom may exhibit colored noise, slow drift, or stochastic control error rather than positive-''h''&lt;sub&gt;KS&lt;/sub&gt; chaos in the Pesin sense. If the relevant dynamics are not chaotic in this sense, the ''h''&lt;sub&gt;KS&lt;/sub&gt; framing may not apply at all, and a different rate-distortion accounting (or none) would be needed. Even where positive ''h''&lt;sub&gt;KS&lt;/sub&gt; can be identified, the operationally relevant rate may differ substantially from textbook surrogate estimates (kicked rotor, logistic map) used illustratively in the manuscripts.
# '''Rate-distortion extension to nonlinear / chaotic systems'''. The mapping from channel capacity ''C'' to angular tracking variance σ&lt;sub&gt;θ&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; ≥ ''D''/(''C'' ln 2) assumes a high-rate coder model and the framework extends the Data-Rate Theorem from linear plants to nonlinear chaotic systems by substituting ''h''&lt;sub&gt;KS&lt;/sub&gt;. This extension is an explicit assumption, not a proven theorem. If the extension fails, the closed-form visibility law and the κ-regime structure both lose their derivation.
# '''Gaussian small-angle assumption'''. The visibility expression ''V''(''t'') = exp(−½ σ&lt;sub&gt;θ&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) requires σ&lt;sub&gt;θ&lt;/sub&gt; ≲ 1 rad and a Gaussian basis-tracking error distribution. Non-Gaussian, heavy-tailed, or state-dependent δθ would break the closed-form double-exponential law.
# '''Decoherence and control-noise confound'''. Distinguishing the predicted visibility loss from ordinary environmental dephasing, alignment drift, and detector systematics is the central experimental challenge. The framework's answer is the sign-reversal under power variation at clamped ''T'' — a conceptually clean discriminator that is engineering-hard to realise. Independent calibration of ''C''&lt;sub&gt;eff&lt;/sub&gt; may be the single largest practical hurdle.
# '''Prior-art and reparameterization risk'''. The proposed double-exponential visibility signature may already be expressible within existing frameworks: compound dephasing channels with two or more contributing rates, classical feedback-loop instability, or hidden-variable control-noise models with appropriate parameter choices. The framework should be able to show that its prediction is genuinely new rather than a reparameterization of one of these known phenomena. The author's adversarial-mimic analysis is in progress, and a positive result on that front would substantially strengthen the framework's empirical claim.
# '''Bell / locality consistency'''. The framework implies a structural violation of statistical measurement-independence. The author's response (common causal past plus global consistency, in place of fine-tuned initial conditions) is a philosophical reframing rather than a no-signalling lemma. A proper consistency proof has not been published.
# '''Forensic-signature interpretation'''. The Forensic Signatures preprint applies a screening protocol to existing data from Chinese 63-qubit processors, Google Sycamore, and LIGO glitch records. The paper's own domain-of-validity statement is that BLQC applies in observer-limited rather than plant-limited regimes, and the protocol finds power-law dominance on the qubit datasets (consistent with that statement) and 43% Gompertz-consistent events on LIGO (consistent with BLQC). The paper flags a controller-regime confound for the LIGO result and is explicit that retrospective findings do not establish causal attribution to BLQC; the case rests on the prospective controlled-capacity experiment. The objection here is the standard one for retrospective signal analyses: even where the predicted geometry is present, it remains compatible with alternative explanations until the controlled experiment runs.
# '''Observer language'''. The framework's &quot;observer&quot; plays two distinct roles: the physical apparatus / controller whose finite ''C''&lt;sub&gt;eff&lt;/sub&gt; and ''h''&lt;sub&gt;KS&lt;/sub&gt; appear in the equations, and the epistemic subject for whom measurement outcomes are or are not determinate. The framework treats these as connected but not identified, and the distinction is load-bearing. Critics will reasonably worry — especially given the framework's interpretive engagement with non-dual philosophy and the philosophy of mind — that consciousness is being smuggled into the foundations of measurement under physical vocabulary. The framework's defence is that the BLQC experimental claim is stated entirely in apparatus-level terms; whether that defence holds depends on the framework keeping the two senses of &quot;observer&quot; rigorously separate.
# '''Interpretive vocabulary'''. Some of the framework's documents draw on vocabulary from philosophy of mind and non-dual philosophy (notably Advaita Vedānta) alongside the physical derivations. Readers who find this vocabulary off-putting are invited to evaluate the empirical content from the BLQC manuscript, which uses only standard physics and control-theory language.
# '''Peer-review status and independent replication'''. The framework has not yet undergone peer review, and the experimental discriminator has not been independently replicated. This is the actual current epistemic status of the work. The framework's case must be evaluated on its merits in the documents linked above and on the conduct of the prospective experiment, not on any external imprimatur.

== Invitation for review ==

This page is offered as a venue for substantive critique. The author is particularly interested in engagement on the following:

* '''From physicists working on quantum control or precision interferometry''': is the proposed sign-reversal under controller-power variation at clamped temperature genuinely distinguishable from known instrumental artefacts (closed-loop resonances, thermal-noise mismodelling, photon-shot-noise rebalancing at higher gain), and what existing apparatus would be best positioned to perform the test?
* '''From decoherence theorists''': under what conditions does the proposed double-exponential visibility law overlap with compound-channel decoherence models in ways that would make the two empirically indistinguishable? Is there a parameter regime where the framework's prediction is genuinely new rather than a reparameterisation of existing models?
* '''From researchers in the foundations of quantum mechanics''': how should the framework's structural violation of measurement-independence be evaluated against the alternatives in the superdeterminism / retrocausality / many-worlds landscape, and what would constitute a satisfactory consistency proof?
* '''From philosophers of mind''': the Advaita / RQM interpretive layer is offered conditionally on the empirical core. Is the conditional structure (&quot;these readings are available ''if'' the empirical claim survives&quot;) presented clearly enough, or does it still amount to overreach?

Comments, references to prior or parallel work the author may not be aware of, and pointers to potential confounds or alternative explanations are all welcome. Substantive critique on the [[Talk:The Ignorant Observer Framework|talk page]] will be acknowledged in subsequent revisions of the manuscripts.

== References ==

* Brukner, Č., &amp; Zeilinger, A. (1999). Operationally invariant information in quantum measurements. ''Physical Review Letters'', 83(17), 3354–3357.
* Nair, G. N., &amp; Evans, R. J. (2004). Stabilizability of stochastic linear systems with finite feedback data rates. ''SIAM Journal on Control and Optimization'', 43(2), 413–436.
* Penrose, R. (1996). On gravity's role in quantum state reduction. ''General Relativity and Gravitation'', 28(5), 581–600.
* Rovelli, C. (1996). Relational quantum mechanics. ''International Journal of Theoretical Physics'', 35(8), 1637–1678.
* Tatikonda, S., &amp; Mitter, S. (2004). Control under communication constraints. ''IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control'', 49(7), 1056–1068.

== See also ==

* [[w:Quantum decoherence|Decoherence]] (Wikipedia)
* [[w:Relational quantum mechanics|Relational quantum mechanics]] (Wikipedia)
* [[w:Penrose interpretation|Penrose interpretation]] (Wikipedia)
* [[w:Data-rate theorem|Data-rate theorem]] (Wikipedia)

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    <revision>
      <id>2810050</id>
      <parentid>2809923</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T07:50:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>PieWriter</username>
        <id>3039865</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Reset talk page with [[:w:simple:User:DannyS712/Reset talk|reset talk]] (version 1.1)</comment>
      <origin>2810050</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="15" sha1="6ujz0t3lkt6jsf7d1r360l6l7wj3njb" xml:space="preserve">{{Talk header}}</text>
      <sha1>6ujz0t3lkt6jsf7d1r360l6l7wj3njb</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:RiaSrl/Gcash</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>329706</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2809975</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-17T23:10:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>RiaSrl</username>
        <id>3076381</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Business Plan Activity - GCash</comment>
      <origin>2809975</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="1976" sha1="aun48gj4immi9m1ah33tkf3dwqvmrgn" xml:space="preserve">= '''The Unbreakable Business Plan''' =

== ''Information System Operation and Maintenance (ISOM) for Business'' ==
GCash is one of the leading digital wallet and online payment platform in the Philippines. Millions of users rely on it daily for money transfers, bill payments, online shopping, mobile load purchases, and banking transactions.


Because the platform handles a large number of users and financial transactions, the system must remain secure, stable, and operational at all times. However, there have been reports of outages and technical issues such as:

* App crashes

* Delayed transaction
* Failed money transfers 
* Login problems 
* System downtime during maintenance


''These issue can negatively affect the company by causing:''

* Financial losses
* Customer dissatisfaction
* Damage to company reputation
* Security risks 


This business plan focuses on protecting the company through proper maintenance, security procedures, backup system, and disaster recovery planning.


'''Risk Assessment''' 

''Possible Causes of System Failure'' 

# '''Heavy User Traffic'''
#* During payday periods, holidays, and major online sales events, millions of users access the application at the same time. This can overload the servers and cause the system to slow down or crash.
# '''Inadequate System Maintenance''' 
#* If software updates and server maintenance are not regularly performed, technical issues and system bugs may occur.
# '''Cybersecurity Threats''' 
#* ''Hackers may attempt:''
#** Phishing attacks
#** Account hacking 
#** Data theft
#** Malware attacks
#* Without proper cybersecurity measures, customer data and financial information may be compromised.
# '''Weak Backup Systems'''
#* Without reliable backup system, important customer and transaction data may be lost during outages or technical failures.
# '''Power and Internet Interruptions''' 
#* Power outages and internet failures can affect servers and interrupt business operations.</text>
      <sha1>aun48gj4immi9m1ah33tkf3dwqvmrgn</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2809981</id>
      <parentid>2809975</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-17T23:56:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Atcovi</username>
        <id>276019</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Atcovi moved page [[Gcash]] to [[User:RiaSrl/Gcash]] without leaving a redirect: Move to user space</comment>
      <origin>2809975</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1976" sha1="aun48gj4immi9m1ah33tkf3dwqvmrgn" xml:space="preserve">= '''The Unbreakable Business Plan''' =

== ''Information System Operation and Maintenance (ISOM) for Business'' ==
GCash is one of the leading digital wallet and online payment platform in the Philippines. Millions of users rely on it daily for money transfers, bill payments, online shopping, mobile load purchases, and banking transactions.


Because the platform handles a large number of users and financial transactions, the system must remain secure, stable, and operational at all times. However, there have been reports of outages and technical issues such as:

* App crashes

* Delayed transaction
* Failed money transfers 
* Login problems 
* System downtime during maintenance


''These issue can negatively affect the company by causing:''

* Financial losses
* Customer dissatisfaction
* Damage to company reputation
* Security risks 


This business plan focuses on protecting the company through proper maintenance, security procedures, backup system, and disaster recovery planning.


'''Risk Assessment''' 

''Possible Causes of System Failure'' 

# '''Heavy User Traffic'''
#* During payday periods, holidays, and major online sales events, millions of users access the application at the same time. This can overload the servers and cause the system to slow down or crash.
# '''Inadequate System Maintenance''' 
#* If software updates and server maintenance are not regularly performed, technical issues and system bugs may occur.
# '''Cybersecurity Threats''' 
#* ''Hackers may attempt:''
#** Phishing attacks
#** Account hacking 
#** Data theft
#** Malware attacks
#* Without proper cybersecurity measures, customer data and financial information may be compromised.
# '''Weak Backup Systems'''
#* Without reliable backup system, important customer and transaction data may be lost during outages or technical failures.
# '''Power and Internet Interruptions''' 
#* Power outages and internet failures can affect servers and interrupt business operations.</text>
      <sha1>aun48gj4immi9m1ah33tkf3dwqvmrgn</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikiversity:Deletions</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>329707</id>
    <redirect title="Wikiversity:Deletion policy" />
    <revision>
      <id>2810012</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T01:35:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Jtneill moved page [[Wikiversity:Deletions]] to [[Wikiversity:Deletion policy]] over redirect: To be consistent with naming at Wikipedia, Wikibooks, Wikiquote etc.</comment>
      <origin>2810012</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="41" sha1="d5381rkeftuqlml899a19j7urir7b3s" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Wikiversity:Deletion policy]]</text>
      <sha1>d5381rkeftuqlml899a19j7urir7b3s</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikiversity talk:Deletions</title>
    <ns>5</ns>
    <id>329708</id>
    <redirect title="Wikiversity talk:Deletion policy" />
    <revision>
      <id>2810014</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T01:35:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Jtneill moved page [[Wikiversity talk:Deletions]] to [[Wikiversity talk:Deletion policy]] over redirect: To be consistent with naming at Wikipedia, Wikibooks, Wikiquote etc.</comment>
      <origin>2810014</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="46" sha1="emaigrlbc17ihacifrptu9kimveu4fd" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Wikiversity talk:Deletion policy]]</text>
      <sha1>emaigrlbc17ihacifrptu9kimveu4fd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikiversity talk:Deletions/Archives/Archive 1</title>
    <ns>5</ns>
    <id>329709</id>
    <redirect title="Wikiversity talk:Deletion policy/Archives/Archive 1" />
    <revision>
      <id>2810016</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T01:35:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Jtneill moved page [[Wikiversity talk:Deletions/Archives/Archive 1]] to [[Wikiversity talk:Deletion policy/Archives/Archive 1]] over redirect: To be consistent with naming at Wikipedia, Wikibooks, Wikiquote etc.</comment>
      <origin>2810016</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="65" sha1="gwe62n5evak0leybvg68dsv8jkt338d" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Wikiversity talk:Deletion policy/Archives/Archive 1]]</text>
      <sha1>gwe62n5evak0leybvg68dsv8jkt338d</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikiversity talk:Deletions/Archives/Archive 2</title>
    <ns>5</ns>
    <id>329710</id>
    <redirect title="Wikiversity talk:Deletion policy/Archives/Archive 2" />
    <revision>
      <id>2810018</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T01:35:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Jtneill moved page [[Wikiversity talk:Deletions/Archives/Archive 2]] to [[Wikiversity talk:Deletion policy/Archives/Archive 2]]: To be consistent with naming at Wikipedia, Wikibooks, Wikiquote etc.</comment>
      <origin>2810018</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="65" sha1="tlqhmkfzuy99portdg41xsql3hv039j" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Wikiversity talk:Deletion policy/Archives/Archive 2]]</text>
      <sha1>tlqhmkfzuy99portdg41xsql3hv039j</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>History of the banjo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>329711</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2810042</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T04:35:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kirby - Electrotechnics</username>
        <id>3074947</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Published Brief Banjo History page. Will include my sources shortly when I go in edit mode, instead of filling out the reference tag html completely. Spent way too much time on this, I'd rather be playing banjo lol.</comment>
      <origin>2810042</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5448" sha1="o20p0isi78d330511mo7d36sei6uieu" xml:space="preserve">The banjo is a stringed musical instrument that has traced roots to plucked lutes from West Africa, and musical traditions brought to the Americas by Africans. This instrument is associated with African American folk traditions, minstrel shows, old-time music, jazz, country, and bluegrass, and has evolved into the many audible styles heard today.
== African Origins ==
The earliest forms of the banjo are found with the same basic construction as the West African plucked lute. These instruments feature animal skin soundboards, stick or spike necks, drone strings, and hollowed-out gourds for resonators. Examples of these include the akonting of the Jola people, the ngoni of the Mande peoples, the xalam, and other related lute traditions.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite}}&lt;/ref&gt;

These instruments had key characteristics in common with early banjos, such as skin heads, floating bridges, drone strings, and percussive playing styles.
== Early Banjo in America ==
The first account of an instrument similar to a banjo in the Americas date back to the 17th and 18th centuries in the Caribbean where African slaves built their instruments using gourds, animal skin, horsehair, plant fibers, and carved wood. These instruments were usually fretless and adapted from the specific materials available in their regions. European observers noted names like “banjar,” “banjer,” “banza,” and other similar spellings.
== Colonial North America ==
By the 18th century, the banjo-like instruments spread throughout the American South and developed within communities of enslaved Africans and free people of African descent in the American colonies, playin major roles in social gatherings, storytelling traditions, and regional folk culture.

Early instruments were handmade using locally available materials, often featuring gourd bodies, animal-skin tack heads, fretless necks, wooden friction tuning pegs, disconnected bridges, and gut or horsehair strings.
== The Minstrel Age==
From the early to mid-1800s, the banjo became an established piece of mainstream American entertainment through the form of minstrel shows. White performers painted their face black and played African American music, while undoubtedly promoting racist stereotypes. The minstrel era still had an enormous influence on banjo design, playing technique, and increasing manufacturing.

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joel_Sweeney Joel Walker Sweeney] is credited with popularizing the banjo with white audiences during this time. Traditions surrounding Sweeney include adding a fifth string, promoting stage performance, and helping commercialize the instrument. Claims about Sweeney are debated by scholars, especially regarding whether he truly “invented” the 5-string banjo.
== Evolution of Construction ==
Early banjos used natural, dried gourds covered with skin, but in the 1800s, early luthiers started using wooden rims, tension hoops, hooks and nuts, and more standardized hardware. These upgrades made banjos more durable, repairable, adjustable (in regard to head tension and string action), and have a louder projection.

In the late 1800s, frets started becoming common due to factories standardizing parts and made playing easier.
== Banjo in Jazz ==
In the early 20th century, banjos were chosen for jazz orchestras because their drum-like head projected more clearly than early acoustic guitars. This period saw the rise of plectrum and tenor banjos, as well as the widespread use of resonator designs that improved projection in large ensembles. Jazz banjos also emphasized new forms of rhythm accompaniment and chord playing.
== Old-Time Traditions ==
In Appalachia and the Southern United States, playing the banjo was done alongside fiddle-playing, gospel and folk ballad singing, and playing other folk instruments such as the guitar, autoharp, or dulcimer. Music passed on through family, neighbors, and community gatherings rather than formal education.

African American and white rural musicians exchanged techniques and songs extensively. Old-time banjo traditions played styles such as clawhammer, frailing, two-finger picking, and other regional styles. 
== The Invention of Bluegrass ==
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl_Scruggs Earl Scruggs] did not invent the three-finger picking style, but he did popularize and (arguably) perfected it during the 1940s and on. His work with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Monroe Bill Monroe] helped define [[Bluegrass music]] as a genre separate from hillbilly music.

Scruggs-style method emphasizes fast arpeggios/rolling patterns and high-speed precision picking. This era cemented the resonator banjo as the dominant bluegrass instrument.
== Folk Revival ==
The American folk revival in the 20th century renewed interest in old-time music, and traditional playing styles, with important figures including [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Seeger Pete Seeger], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dock_Boggs Dock Boggs], and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncle_Dave_Macon Uncle Dave Macon].
== Modern Banjo Developments ==
Present-day banjo traditions include bluegrass, old-time, jazz, celtic music, and fusion genres. Luthiers can experiment with electric pickups, hybrid designs, synthetic heads, and metalworking for custom pieces. There exists a mystique around pre-World War II Banjos having a distinct tone, possibly because of the varying compositions of metals used in the materials.
== Sources ==</text>
      <sha1>o20p0isi78d330511mo7d36sei6uieu</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2810043</id>
      <parentid>2810042</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T04:39:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+ categories</comment>
      <origin>2810043</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5489" sha1="3yuotkbfxp0czysrc1pyykkaszh0nfi" xml:space="preserve">The banjo is a stringed musical instrument that has traced roots to plucked lutes from West Africa, and musical traditions brought to the Americas by Africans. This instrument is associated with African American folk traditions, minstrel shows, old-time music, jazz, country, and bluegrass, and has evolved into the many audible styles heard today.
== African Origins ==
The earliest forms of the banjo are found with the same basic construction as the West African plucked lute. These instruments feature animal skin soundboards, stick or spike necks, drone strings, and hollowed-out gourds for resonators. Examples of these include the akonting of the Jola people, the ngoni of the Mande peoples, the xalam, and other related lute traditions.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite}}&lt;/ref&gt;

These instruments had key characteristics in common with early banjos, such as skin heads, floating bridges, drone strings, and percussive playing styles.
== Early Banjo in America ==
The first account of an instrument similar to a banjo in the Americas date back to the 17th and 18th centuries in the Caribbean where African slaves built their instruments using gourds, animal skin, horsehair, plant fibers, and carved wood. These instruments were usually fretless and adapted from the specific materials available in their regions. European observers noted names like “banjar,” “banjer,” “banza,” and other similar spellings.
== Colonial North America ==
By the 18th century, the banjo-like instruments spread throughout the American South and developed within communities of enslaved Africans and free people of African descent in the American colonies, playin major roles in social gatherings, storytelling traditions, and regional folk culture.

Early instruments were handmade using locally available materials, often featuring gourd bodies, animal-skin tack heads, fretless necks, wooden friction tuning pegs, disconnected bridges, and gut or horsehair strings.
== The Minstrel Age==
From the early to mid-1800s, the banjo became an established piece of mainstream American entertainment through the form of minstrel shows. White performers painted their face black and played African American music, while undoubtedly promoting racist stereotypes. The minstrel era still had an enormous influence on banjo design, playing technique, and increasing manufacturing.

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joel_Sweeney Joel Walker Sweeney] is credited with popularizing the banjo with white audiences during this time. Traditions surrounding Sweeney include adding a fifth string, promoting stage performance, and helping commercialize the instrument. Claims about Sweeney are debated by scholars, especially regarding whether he truly “invented” the 5-string banjo.
== Evolution of Construction ==
Early banjos used natural, dried gourds covered with skin, but in the 1800s, early luthiers started using wooden rims, tension hoops, hooks and nuts, and more standardized hardware. These upgrades made banjos more durable, repairable, adjustable (in regard to head tension and string action), and have a louder projection.

In the late 1800s, frets started becoming common due to factories standardizing parts and made playing easier.
== Banjo in Jazz ==
In the early 20th century, banjos were chosen for jazz orchestras because their drum-like head projected more clearly than early acoustic guitars. This period saw the rise of plectrum and tenor banjos, as well as the widespread use of resonator designs that improved projection in large ensembles. Jazz banjos also emphasized new forms of rhythm accompaniment and chord playing.
== Old-Time Traditions ==
In Appalachia and the Southern United States, playing the banjo was done alongside fiddle-playing, gospel and folk ballad singing, and playing other folk instruments such as the guitar, autoharp, or dulcimer. Music passed on through family, neighbors, and community gatherings rather than formal education.

African American and white rural musicians exchanged techniques and songs extensively. Old-time banjo traditions played styles such as clawhammer, frailing, two-finger picking, and other regional styles. 
== The Invention of Bluegrass ==
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl_Scruggs Earl Scruggs] did not invent the three-finger picking style, but he did popularize and (arguably) perfected it during the 1940s and on. His work with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Monroe Bill Monroe] helped define [[Bluegrass music]] as a genre separate from hillbilly music.

Scruggs-style method emphasizes fast arpeggios/rolling patterns and high-speed precision picking. This era cemented the resonator banjo as the dominant bluegrass instrument.
== Folk Revival ==
The American folk revival in the 20th century renewed interest in old-time music, and traditional playing styles, with important figures including [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Seeger Pete Seeger], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dock_Boggs Dock Boggs], and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncle_Dave_Macon Uncle Dave Macon].
== Modern Banjo Developments ==
Present-day banjo traditions include bluegrass, old-time, jazz, celtic music, and fusion genres. Luthiers can experiment with electric pickups, hybrid designs, synthetic heads, and metalworking for custom pieces. There exists a mystique around pre-World War II Banjos having a distinct tone, possibly because of the varying compositions of metals used in the materials.
== Sources ==

[[Category:Banjo]]
[[Category:History]]</text>
      <sha1>3yuotkbfxp0czysrc1pyykkaszh0nfi</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2810046</id>
      <parentid>2810043</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T04:53:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kirby - Electrotechnics</username>
        <id>3074947</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Included sources.</comment>
      <origin>2810046</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6668" sha1="qxiiawzjiwf3ru5pha4nf369onothh3" xml:space="preserve">The banjo is a stringed musical instrument that has traced roots to plucked lutes from West Africa, and musical traditions brought to the Americas by Africans. This instrument is associated with African American folk traditions, minstrel shows, old-time music, jazz, country, and bluegrass, and has evolved into the many audible styles heard today.
== African Origins ==
The earliest forms of the banjo are found with the same basic construction as the West African plucked lute. These instruments feature animal skin soundboards, stick or spike necks, drone strings, and hollowed-out gourds for resonators. Examples of these include the akonting of the Jola people&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://baileyandbanjo.com/what-is-an-akonting|title=What is an Akonting?|last=Fischer|first=Claire|date=2023-05-16|website=Bailey and Banjo|language=en-US|access-date=2026-05-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;, the ngoni of the Mande peoples, the xalam&lt;ref&gt;Fischer, David Hackett; Kelly, James C.; et al. (Virginia Historical Society) (2000). Bound Away: Virginia and the Westward Movement. University of Virginia Press. pp. 66ff. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-0-8139-1774-0&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;, and other related lute traditions.

These instruments had key characteristics in common with early banjos, such as skin heads, floating bridges, drone strings, and percussive playing styles.
== Early Banjo in America ==
The first account of an instrument similar to a banjo in the Americas date back to the 17th and 18th centuries in the Caribbean where African slaves built their instruments using gourds, animal skin, horsehair, plant fibers, and carved wood. These instruments were usually fretless and adapted from the specific materials available in their regions. European observers noted names like “banjar,” “banjer,” “banza,”&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://sites.duke.edu/banjology/the-banjo-in-haiti/the-haitian-banza/|title=The Haitian Banza|date=2013-02-13|website=Banjology|language=en-US|access-date=2026-05-18}}&lt;/ref&gt; and other similar spellings.
== Colonial North America ==
By the 18th century, the banjo-like instruments spread throughout the American South and developed within communities of enslaved Africans and free people of African descent in the American colonies, playing major roles in social gatherings, storytelling traditions, and regional folk culture.

Early instruments were handmade using locally available materials, often featuring gourd bodies, animal-skin tack heads, fretless necks, wooden friction tuning pegs, disconnected bridges, and gut or horsehair strings.
== The Minstrel Age==
From the early to mid-1800s, the banjo became an established piece of mainstream American entertainment through the form of minstrel shows. White performers painted their face black and played African American music, while undoubtedly promoting racist stereotypes. The minstrel era still had an enormous influence on banjo design, playing technique, and increasing manufacturing.

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joel_Sweeney Joel Walker Sweeney] is credited with popularizing the banjo with white audiences during this time. Traditions surrounding Sweeney include adding a fifth string, promoting stage performance, and helping commercialize the instrument. Claims about Sweeney are debated by scholars, especially regarding whether he truly “invented” the 5-string banjo.
== Evolution of Construction ==
Early banjos used natural, dried gourds covered with skin, but in the 1800s, early luthiers started using wooden rims, tension hoops, hooks and nuts, and more standardized hardware.&lt;ref&gt;Epstein, Dena J. (September 1975). &quot;The folk banjo: A documentary history&quot;. Ethnomusicology. 19 (3): 347–371. doi:[[doi:10.2307/850790|10.2307/850790]]. JSTOR [https://www.jstor.org/stable/850790 850790].&lt;/ref&gt; These upgrades made banjos more durable, repairable, adjustable (in regard to head tension and string action), and have a louder projection.

In the late 1800s, frets started becoming common due to factories standardizing parts and made playing easier.
== Banjo in Jazz ==
In the early 20th century, banjos were chosen for jazz orchestras because their drum-like head projected more clearly than early acoustic guitars. This period saw the rise of plectrum and tenor banjos, as well as the widespread use of resonator designs that improved projection in large ensembles. Jazz banjos also emphasized new forms of rhythm accompaniment and chord playing.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.banjomuseum.org/banjohistory.htm &quot;Banjo History&quot;]. The National Four-String Banjo Hall of Fame Museum. [https://web.archive.org/web/20080520074724/http://www.banjomuseum.org/banjohistory.htm Archived] from the original on 20 May 2008.&lt;/ref&gt;
== Old-Time Traditions ==
In Appalachia and the Southern United States, playing the banjo was done alongside fiddle-playing, gospel and folk ballad singing, and playing other folk instruments such as the guitar, autoharp, or dulcimer. Music passed on through family, neighbors, and community gatherings rather than formal education.

African American and white rural musicians exchanged techniques and songs extensively. Old-time banjo traditions played styles such as clawhammer, frailing, two-finger picking, and other regional styles. 
== The Invention of Bluegrass ==
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl_Scruggs Earl Scruggs] did not invent the three-finger picking style, but he did popularize and (arguably) perfected it during the 1940s and on. His work with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Monroe Bill Monroe] helped define [[Bluegrass music]] as a genre separate from hillbilly music.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://banjonews.com/2012-05/earl_and_3-finger_style.html|title=Banjo Newsletter|website=banjonews.com|access-date=2026-05-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Scruggs-style method emphasizes fast arpeggios/rolling patterns and high-speed precision picking. This era cemented the resonator banjo as the dominant bluegrass instrument.
== Folk Revival ==
The American folk revival in the 20th century renewed interest in old-time music, and traditional playing styles, with important figures including [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Seeger Pete Seeger], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dock_Boggs Dock Boggs], and Doc Watson
== Modern Banjo Developments ==
Present-day banjo traditions include bluegrass, old-time, jazz, celtic music, and fusion genres. Luthiers can experiment with electric pickups, hybrid designs, synthetic heads, and metalworking for custom pieces. There exists a mystique around pre-World War II Banjos having a distinct tone, possibly because of the varying compositions of metals used in the materials.
== Sources ==

[[Category:Banjo]]
[[Category:History]]</text>
      <sha1>qxiiawzjiwf3ru5pha4nf369onothh3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User talk:MadEnderman</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>329712</id>
    <redirect title="User talk:EndermanSurfgo" />
    <revision>
      <id>2810045</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T04:50:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SHB2000</username>
        <id>2914839</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>SHB2000 moved page [[User talk:MadEnderman]] to [[User talk:EndermanSurfgo]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user &quot;[[Special:CentralAuth/MadEnderman|MadEnderman]]&quot; to &quot;[[Special:CentralAuth/EndermanSurfgo|EndermanSurfgo]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>2810045</origin>
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      <text bytes="38" sha1="jacp3wlm5zlouvzdx3x29ocnefw6jx0" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[User talk:EndermanSurfgo]]</text>
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