Wikiversity:Colloquium

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== Motivation and emotion - Student editing ==

We are underway with [[Motivation and emotion]] this semester (Aug - Nov), which will see ~150 students signing up to and edting [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2026]]. Please be friendly and help them out as they learn their way around.

Sincerely, James -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 00:16, 10 August 2026 (UTC)

== Add an edit count requirement for autoconfirmed? ==

Currently, only waiting for four days is required for a user to become autoconfirmed. I am proposing that we include a minimum edit count of 10 edits (akin to Wikipedia) especially because of [[Special:AbuseFilter/16|a private abuse filter]], and LTAs may game autoconfirmed permissions to vandalize here. Thoughts? [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 23:01, 23 August 2026 (UTC)
: [[Wikiversity:Autoconfirmed users]]
: Are you suggesting an additional requirement? i.e., 4 days + 10 edits?
: How is it adjusted? -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 03:57, 5 September 2026 (UTC)
:: Yes. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 01:30, 6 September 2026 (UTC)
:As a newly volunteered member, it doesn't seem unreasonable to me to require a certain number of edits to establish my bona fides. [[User:Cfm490|Cfm490]] ([[User talk:Cfm490|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cfm490|contribs]]) 17:53, 5 September 2026 (UTC)
:I agree that adding an edit count requirement is a reasonable expectation before the user can become autoconfirmed. [[User:IanVG|IanVG]] ([[User talk:IanVG|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/IanVG|contribs]]) 18:56, 6 September 2026 (UTC)
:+ 1 —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 19:40, 6 September 2026 (UTC)
:'''Weak support''' Generally reasonable, but I would caution that we should really make this clear for those instances where professors have students edit here and make it frictionless for them to get autoconfirmed status. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 19:42, 6 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{oppose|No support}} because I cannot see the [[Special:AbuseFilter/16|abuse filter]] cited as the primary reason and I do not know what LTAs is. I guess you don’t want support from ''ordinary'' users. ‑‑[[User:Kai Burghardt|Kays]] ([[User talk:Kai Burghardt|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kai Burghardt|contribs]]) 18:18, 14 September 2026 (UTC)

== Bartending Course on Wikiversity ==

I recently finished the course on [[Bartending]], and while I have experience editing on Wikipedia, this is my first Wikiversity project. If any of you have the time or interest, I could use an experienced eye to see if there's anything obviously missing from the course in terms of Wikiversity administration. I'm not sure what's active, if the course should belong in an existing school, or if there's any obvious discoverability tool I haven't implemented. Any tips are welcomed, or just a thumbs up saying it looks fine would be great. [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] recommended I post this here in case someone wanted to include the new course under News on the [[Wikiversity:Main Page|Main Page]]. Thanks! [[User:Sabbier|Sabbier]] ([[User talk:Sabbier|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Sabbier|contribs]]) 01:24, 1 September 2026 (UTC)

:Wow! Fantastic work- I'm so impressed! Your work gives me inspiration on how to better organize the courses I'm working on. :) [[User:IanVG|IanVG]] ([[User talk:IanVG|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/IanVG|contribs]]) 21:32, 3 September 2026 (UTC)
: Awesome work. I've added this course to the [[Main Page/News|main page news]].
: We could also consider for [[Wikiversity:Featured]]. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 00:43, 5 September 2026 (UTC)
::The course [[Creating Wikiversity Courses]] is intended to provide guidance to new Wikiversity editors. I hope it is helpful and I welcome improvement suggestions. Thanks.  [[User:Lbeaumont|Lbeaumont]] ([[User talk:Lbeaumont|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Lbeaumont|contribs]]) 14:08, 6 September 2026 (UTC)

== Writing news here ==

I'm bringing up this discussion again because I think it is beneficial to the project since Wikinews is gone, thank you. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BigKrow|contribs]]) 03:17, 1 September 2026 (UTC)
: Given that the community consensus here was not to replicate WikiNews within Wikiversity, I suggest thinking differently e.g., in terms of specific news-related projects you are interested in that have educational objectives that satisfy Wikiversity's mission. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 00:46, 5 September 2026 (UTC)
::I wonder if you mean &lt;u&gt;Wikiversity:Main Page/News ?&lt;/u&gt;
::If so I have just checked this page and I see it only contains news for 2026 and part of 2025, even though the history indicates it was created in the 2000-decade. If you go back and check all revisions there is a wealth of (historical?) information. [[Special:Contributions/~2026-40514-81|~2026-40514-81]] ([[User talk:~2026-40514-81|talk]]) 16:28, 13 September 2026 (UTC)
::: I didn't mean that page, but yes, its history could be reconstructed into a more accessible format. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 21:37, 13 September 2026 (UTC)

== [[Wikiversity talk:Interface administrators#My thoughts about this user group]] ==

As I suggested, I would like to propose allowing permanent interface administrators on English Wikiversity. My temporary interface admin rights are about to expire soon, and I will soon create a new CfIA page (and its header). We should also have a minimum of two interface administrators. Thoughts? [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 16:44, 6 September 2026 (UTC)

:I am also in favor of this and we did discuss it pretty recently and came to a consensus on extending IA rights and lowering the administrative overhead, but not allowing indefinite at this juncture. From my perspective, since we discussed this so recently and nothing seems to have changed much, I personally would recommend holding off for a couple of years or until/unless there is some critical new information. Again, I would continue to support indef IA rights were it to come up again and think that at least two is also a sensible proposal. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 17:32, 6 September 2026 (UTC)
::Responding to myself so that I don't derail: I would be interested/willing to be an indef IA. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 17:36, 6 September 2026 (UTC)
: I made [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Interface Adminship]]. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 18:24, 6 September 2026 (UTC)
:: CC to @[[User:Koavf|Koavf]]. I made a request since my IA rights are about to expire. We should also hold a separate vote to allow permanent IAs here (for this policy). [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 16:55, 7 September 2026 (UTC)

== Paid part-time Administrative Officer position with WikiJournal ==

[[WikiJournal User Group|WikiJournal]] is an open-access, nonprofit scholarly publisher hosted on Wikiversity. It uses the wiki format to allow authors to write and develop scholarly articles directly online. Submitted articles then undergo formal academic peer review and, when accepted, are published as citable journal articles while remaining freely accessible.

WikiJournal is seeking expressions of interest in a new part-time '''Administrative Officer''' position. The officer would support the project's day-to-day organizational work, including:

* Setting up and administering a system for tracking contractor hours and issuing payments.
* Coordinating the contracting, onboarding, timekeeping and payment of technical editors and other contractors.
* Maintaining financial, contractor and administrative records.
* Assisting with grant administration, budget tracking and reporting.
* Following up on board action items, deadlines and recurring obligations.
* Supporting recruitment and other operational tasks as needed.

This is a remote, flexibly scheduled contractor role averaging approximately '''6 hours per week'''. Compensation is proposed at '''US$25 per hour''', with up to approximately '''320 hours (US$8,000) available over the year'''.

Applicants may be based internationally, although appointment will depend on WikiJournal being able to establish a practical and legally appropriate contracting and payment arrangement in the applicant's country of residence.

Relevant experience may include administrative organization, bookkeeping or financial administration, contractor or personnel coordination, nonprofit or grant administration, Wikimedia participation, academic publishing, and open-access work. Applicants are not expected to have experience in every area.

For the complete role description and further details, see [[WikiJournal User Group/Administrative officer]].

Those interested should reply in the '''[[Talk:WikiJournal User Group#Call for interest: Administrative Officer|Call for interest: Administrative Officer]]''' discussion by '''30 September 2026''', briefly describing their relevant experience, any connection to WikiJournal or related communities, and their general availability. Expressions of interest received later may still be considered if the position has not been filled. Recommendations of potentially suitable candidates are also welcome. 
[[User:Mikael Häggström|Mikael Häggström]] ([[User talk:Mikael Häggström|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mikael Häggström|contribs]]) 20:00, 10 September 2026 (UTC)</text>
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&lt;!-- MESSAGES GO BELOW --&gt;

== Motivation and emotion - Student editing ==

We are underway with [[Motivation and emotion]] this semester (Aug - Nov), which will see ~150 students signing up to and edting [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2026]]. Please be friendly and help them out as they learn their way around.

Sincerely, James -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 00:16, 10 August 2026 (UTC)

== Add an edit count requirement for autoconfirmed? ==

Currently, only waiting for four days is required for a user to become autoconfirmed. I am proposing that we include a minimum edit count of 10 edits (akin to Wikipedia) especially because of [[Special:AbuseFilter/16|a private abuse filter]], and LTAs may game autoconfirmed permissions to vandalize here. Thoughts? [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 23:01, 23 August 2026 (UTC)
: [[Wikiversity:Autoconfirmed users]]
: Are you suggesting an additional requirement? i.e., 4 days + 10 edits?
: How is it adjusted? -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 03:57, 5 September 2026 (UTC)
:: Yes. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 01:30, 6 September 2026 (UTC)
:As a newly volunteered member, it doesn't seem unreasonable to me to require a certain number of edits to establish my bona fides. [[User:Cfm490|Cfm490]] ([[User talk:Cfm490|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cfm490|contribs]]) 17:53, 5 September 2026 (UTC)
:I agree that adding an edit count requirement is a reasonable expectation before the user can become autoconfirmed. [[User:IanVG|IanVG]] ([[User talk:IanVG|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/IanVG|contribs]]) 18:56, 6 September 2026 (UTC)
:+ 1 —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 19:40, 6 September 2026 (UTC)
:'''Weak support''' Generally reasonable, but I would caution that we should really make this clear for those instances where professors have students edit here and make it frictionless for them to get autoconfirmed status. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 19:42, 6 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{oppose|No support}} because I cannot see the [[Special:AbuseFilter/16|abuse filter]] cited as the primary reason and I do not know what LTAs is. I guess you don’t want support from ''ordinary'' users. ‑‑[[User:Kai Burghardt|Kays]] ([[User talk:Kai Burghardt|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kai Burghardt|contribs]]) 18:18, 14 September 2026 (UTC)
::Also some readers may be interested in this:
::* [[Wikipedia/Types of user accounts]]
::[[Special:Contributions/~2026-40514-81|~2026-40514-81]] ([[User talk:~2026-40514-81|talk]]) 19:05, 14 September 2026 (UTC)

== Bartending Course on Wikiversity ==

I recently finished the course on [[Bartending]], and while I have experience editing on Wikipedia, this is my first Wikiversity project. If any of you have the time or interest, I could use an experienced eye to see if there's anything obviously missing from the course in terms of Wikiversity administration. I'm not sure what's active, if the course should belong in an existing school, or if there's any obvious discoverability tool I haven't implemented. Any tips are welcomed, or just a thumbs up saying it looks fine would be great. [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] recommended I post this here in case someone wanted to include the new course under News on the [[Wikiversity:Main Page|Main Page]]. Thanks! [[User:Sabbier|Sabbier]] ([[User talk:Sabbier|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Sabbier|contribs]]) 01:24, 1 September 2026 (UTC)

:Wow! Fantastic work- I'm so impressed! Your work gives me inspiration on how to better organize the courses I'm working on. :) [[User:IanVG|IanVG]] ([[User talk:IanVG|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/IanVG|contribs]]) 21:32, 3 September 2026 (UTC)
: Awesome work. I've added this course to the [[Main Page/News|main page news]].
: We could also consider for [[Wikiversity:Featured]]. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 00:43, 5 September 2026 (UTC)
::The course [[Creating Wikiversity Courses]] is intended to provide guidance to new Wikiversity editors. I hope it is helpful and I welcome improvement suggestions. Thanks.  [[User:Lbeaumont|Lbeaumont]] ([[User talk:Lbeaumont|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Lbeaumont|contribs]]) 14:08, 6 September 2026 (UTC)

== Writing news here ==

I'm bringing up this discussion again because I think it is beneficial to the project since Wikinews is gone, thank you. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BigKrow|contribs]]) 03:17, 1 September 2026 (UTC)
: Given that the community consensus here was not to replicate WikiNews within Wikiversity, I suggest thinking differently e.g., in terms of specific news-related projects you are interested in that have educational objectives that satisfy Wikiversity's mission. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 00:46, 5 September 2026 (UTC)
::I wonder if you mean &lt;u&gt;Wikiversity:Main Page/News ?&lt;/u&gt;
::If so I have just checked this page and I see it only contains news for 2026 and part of 2025, even though the history indicates it was created in the 2000-decade. If you go back and check all revisions there is a wealth of (historical?) information. [[Special:Contributions/~2026-40514-81|~2026-40514-81]] ([[User talk:~2026-40514-81|talk]]) 16:28, 13 September 2026 (UTC)
::: I didn't mean that page, but yes, its history could be reconstructed into a more accessible format. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 21:37, 13 September 2026 (UTC)

== [[Wikiversity talk:Interface administrators#My thoughts about this user group]] ==

As I suggested, I would like to propose allowing permanent interface administrators on English Wikiversity. My temporary interface admin rights are about to expire soon, and I will soon create a new CfIA page (and its header). We should also have a minimum of two interface administrators. Thoughts? [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 16:44, 6 September 2026 (UTC)

:I am also in favor of this and we did discuss it pretty recently and came to a consensus on extending IA rights and lowering the administrative overhead, but not allowing indefinite at this juncture. From my perspective, since we discussed this so recently and nothing seems to have changed much, I personally would recommend holding off for a couple of years or until/unless there is some critical new information. Again, I would continue to support indef IA rights were it to come up again and think that at least two is also a sensible proposal. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 17:32, 6 September 2026 (UTC)
::Responding to myself so that I don't derail: I would be interested/willing to be an indef IA. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 17:36, 6 September 2026 (UTC)
: I made [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Interface Adminship]]. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 18:24, 6 September 2026 (UTC)
:: CC to @[[User:Koavf|Koavf]]. I made a request since my IA rights are about to expire. We should also hold a separate vote to allow permanent IAs here (for this policy). [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 16:55, 7 September 2026 (UTC)

== Paid part-time Administrative Officer position with WikiJournal ==

[[WikiJournal User Group|WikiJournal]] is an open-access, nonprofit scholarly publisher hosted on Wikiversity. It uses the wiki format to allow authors to write and develop scholarly articles directly online. Submitted articles then undergo formal academic peer review and, when accepted, are published as citable journal articles while remaining freely accessible.

WikiJournal is seeking expressions of interest in a new part-time '''Administrative Officer''' position. The officer would support the project's day-to-day organizational work, including:

* Setting up and administering a system for tracking contractor hours and issuing payments.
* Coordinating the contracting, onboarding, timekeeping and payment of technical editors and other contractors.
* Maintaining financial, contractor and administrative records.
* Assisting with grant administration, budget tracking and reporting.
* Following up on board action items, deadlines and recurring obligations.
* Supporting recruitment and other operational tasks as needed.

This is a remote, flexibly scheduled contractor role averaging approximately '''6 hours per week'''. Compensation is proposed at '''US$25 per hour''', with up to approximately '''320 hours (US$8,000) available over the year'''.

Applicants may be based internationally, although appointment will depend on WikiJournal being able to establish a practical and legally appropriate contracting and payment arrangement in the applicant's country of residence.

Relevant experience may include administrative organization, bookkeeping or financial administration, contractor or personnel coordination, nonprofit or grant administration, Wikimedia participation, academic publishing, and open-access work. Applicants are not expected to have experience in every area.

For the complete role description and further details, see [[WikiJournal User Group/Administrative officer]].

Those interested should reply in the '''[[Talk:WikiJournal User Group#Call for interest: Administrative Officer|Call for interest: Administrative Officer]]''' discussion by '''30 September 2026''', briefly describing their relevant experience, any connection to WikiJournal or related communities, and their general availability. Expressions of interest received later may still be considered if the position has not been filled. Recommendations of potentially suitable candidates are also welcome. 
[[User:Mikael Häggström|Mikael Häggström]] ([[User talk:Mikael Häggström|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mikael Häggström|contribs]]) 20:00, 10 September 2026 (UTC)</text>
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&lt;!-- MESSAGES GO BELOW --&gt;

== Motivation and emotion - Student editing ==

We are underway with [[Motivation and emotion]] this semester (Aug - Nov), which will see ~150 students signing up to and edting [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2026]]. Please be friendly and help them out as they learn their way around.

Sincerely, James -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 00:16, 10 August 2026 (UTC)

== Add an edit count requirement for autoconfirmed? ==

Currently, only waiting for four days is required for a user to become autoconfirmed. I am proposing that we include a minimum edit count of 10 edits (akin to Wikipedia) especially because of [[Special:AbuseFilter/16|a private abuse filter]], and LTAs may game autoconfirmed permissions to vandalize here. Thoughts? [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 23:01, 23 August 2026 (UTC)
: [[Wikiversity:Autoconfirmed users]]
: Are you suggesting an additional requirement? i.e., 4 days + 10 edits?
: How is it adjusted? -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 03:57, 5 September 2026 (UTC)
:: Yes. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 01:30, 6 September 2026 (UTC)
:As a newly volunteered member, it doesn't seem unreasonable to me to require a certain number of edits to establish my bona fides. [[User:Cfm490|Cfm490]] ([[User talk:Cfm490|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cfm490|contribs]]) 17:53, 5 September 2026 (UTC)
:I agree that adding an edit count requirement is a reasonable expectation before the user can become autoconfirmed. [[User:IanVG|IanVG]] ([[User talk:IanVG|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/IanVG|contribs]]) 18:56, 6 September 2026 (UTC)
:+ 1 —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 19:40, 6 September 2026 (UTC)
:'''Weak support''' Generally reasonable, but I would caution that we should really make this clear for those instances where professors have students edit here and make it frictionless for them to get autoconfirmed status. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 19:42, 6 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{oppose|No support}} because I cannot see the [[Special:AbuseFilter/16|abuse filter]] cited as the primary reason and I do not know what LTAs is. I guess you don’t want support from ''ordinary'' users. ‑‑[[User:Kai Burghardt|Kays]] ([[User talk:Kai Burghardt|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kai Burghardt|contribs]]) 18:18, 14 September 2026 (UTC)
::Also some readers may be interested in this:
::* [[Wikipedia/Types of user accounts]]
::[[Special:Contributions/~2026-40514-81|~2026-40514-81]] ([[User talk:~2026-40514-81|talk]]) 19:05, 14 September 2026 (UTC)
::: An LTA means a long-term abuser, and it means someone who is usually abusive. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 20:42, 14 September 2026 (UTC)

== Bartending Course on Wikiversity ==

I recently finished the course on [[Bartending]], and while I have experience editing on Wikipedia, this is my first Wikiversity project. If any of you have the time or interest, I could use an experienced eye to see if there's anything obviously missing from the course in terms of Wikiversity administration. I'm not sure what's active, if the course should belong in an existing school, or if there's any obvious discoverability tool I haven't implemented. Any tips are welcomed, or just a thumbs up saying it looks fine would be great. [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] recommended I post this here in case someone wanted to include the new course under News on the [[Wikiversity:Main Page|Main Page]]. Thanks! [[User:Sabbier|Sabbier]] ([[User talk:Sabbier|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Sabbier|contribs]]) 01:24, 1 September 2026 (UTC)

:Wow! Fantastic work- I'm so impressed! Your work gives me inspiration on how to better organize the courses I'm working on. :) [[User:IanVG|IanVG]] ([[User talk:IanVG|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/IanVG|contribs]]) 21:32, 3 September 2026 (UTC)
: Awesome work. I've added this course to the [[Main Page/News|main page news]].
: We could also consider for [[Wikiversity:Featured]]. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 00:43, 5 September 2026 (UTC)
::The course [[Creating Wikiversity Courses]] is intended to provide guidance to new Wikiversity editors. I hope it is helpful and I welcome improvement suggestions. Thanks.  [[User:Lbeaumont|Lbeaumont]] ([[User talk:Lbeaumont|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Lbeaumont|contribs]]) 14:08, 6 September 2026 (UTC)

== Writing news here ==

I'm bringing up this discussion again because I think it is beneficial to the project since Wikinews is gone, thank you. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BigKrow|contribs]]) 03:17, 1 September 2026 (UTC)
: Given that the community consensus here was not to replicate WikiNews within Wikiversity, I suggest thinking differently e.g., in terms of specific news-related projects you are interested in that have educational objectives that satisfy Wikiversity's mission. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 00:46, 5 September 2026 (UTC)
::I wonder if you mean &lt;u&gt;Wikiversity:Main Page/News ?&lt;/u&gt;
::If so I have just checked this page and I see it only contains news for 2026 and part of 2025, even though the history indicates it was created in the 2000-decade. If you go back and check all revisions there is a wealth of (historical?) information. [[Special:Contributions/~2026-40514-81|~2026-40514-81]] ([[User talk:~2026-40514-81|talk]]) 16:28, 13 September 2026 (UTC)
::: I didn't mean that page, but yes, its history could be reconstructed into a more accessible format. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 21:37, 13 September 2026 (UTC)

== [[Wikiversity talk:Interface administrators#My thoughts about this user group]] ==

As I suggested, I would like to propose allowing permanent interface administrators on English Wikiversity. My temporary interface admin rights are about to expire soon, and I will soon create a new CfIA page (and its header). We should also have a minimum of two interface administrators. Thoughts? [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 16:44, 6 September 2026 (UTC)

:I am also in favor of this and we did discuss it pretty recently and came to a consensus on extending IA rights and lowering the administrative overhead, but not allowing indefinite at this juncture. From my perspective, since we discussed this so recently and nothing seems to have changed much, I personally would recommend holding off for a couple of years or until/unless there is some critical new information. Again, I would continue to support indef IA rights were it to come up again and think that at least two is also a sensible proposal. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 17:32, 6 September 2026 (UTC)
::Responding to myself so that I don't derail: I would be interested/willing to be an indef IA. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 17:36, 6 September 2026 (UTC)
: I made [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Interface Adminship]]. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 18:24, 6 September 2026 (UTC)
:: CC to @[[User:Koavf|Koavf]]. I made a request since my IA rights are about to expire. We should also hold a separate vote to allow permanent IAs here (for this policy). [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 16:55, 7 September 2026 (UTC)

== Paid part-time Administrative Officer position with WikiJournal ==

[[WikiJournal User Group|WikiJournal]] is an open-access, nonprofit scholarly publisher hosted on Wikiversity. It uses the wiki format to allow authors to write and develop scholarly articles directly online. Submitted articles then undergo formal academic peer review and, when accepted, are published as citable journal articles while remaining freely accessible.

WikiJournal is seeking expressions of interest in a new part-time '''Administrative Officer''' position. The officer would support the project's day-to-day organizational work, including:

* Setting up and administering a system for tracking contractor hours and issuing payments.
* Coordinating the contracting, onboarding, timekeeping and payment of technical editors and other contractors.
* Maintaining financial, contractor and administrative records.
* Assisting with grant administration, budget tracking and reporting.
* Following up on board action items, deadlines and recurring obligations.
* Supporting recruitment and other operational tasks as needed.

This is a remote, flexibly scheduled contractor role averaging approximately '''6 hours per week'''. Compensation is proposed at '''US$25 per hour''', with up to approximately '''320 hours (US$8,000) available over the year'''.

Applicants may be based internationally, although appointment will depend on WikiJournal being able to establish a practical and legally appropriate contracting and payment arrangement in the applicant's country of residence.

Relevant experience may include administrative organization, bookkeeping or financial administration, contractor or personnel coordination, nonprofit or grant administration, Wikimedia participation, academic publishing, and open-access work. Applicants are not expected to have experience in every area.

For the complete role description and further details, see [[WikiJournal User Group/Administrative officer]].

Those interested should reply in the '''[[Talk:WikiJournal User Group#Call for interest: Administrative Officer|Call for interest: Administrative Officer]]''' discussion by '''30 September 2026''', briefly describing their relevant experience, any connection to WikiJournal or related communities, and their general availability. Expressions of interest received later may still be considered if the position has not been filled. Recommendations of potentially suitable candidates are also welcome. 
[[User:Mikael Häggström|Mikael Häggström]] ([[User talk:Mikael Häggström|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mikael Häggström|contribs]]) 20:00, 10 September 2026 (UTC)</text>
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      <text bytes="11954" sha1="7jycqmmnwqa6ymw8uuwrd1tmdnvj576" xml:space="preserve">Online nursing programs have made it easier for students to continue their education while managing work [https://www.writinkservices.com/take-my-online-nursing-class/ Take My Online Nursing Class], family responsibilities, and other commitments. At the same time, nursing courses can be demanding. Students often have to balance lectures, discussions, quizzes, written assignments, clinical preparation, and exams. Because of this pressure, many students search for '''Take My Online Nursing Class''' services when they feel overwhelmed and need additional academic support.

The goal of seeking support should not simply be to avoid coursework. Instead, reliable academic assistance can help students understand difficult topics, organize their workload, improve their study habits, and stay on track with course requirements. Nursing education requires both theoretical knowledge and practical thinking, so students need support that encourages learning rather than replacing it.

== Why Online Nursing Classes Can Be Challenging ==
Online nursing classes offer flexibility, but flexibility also requires strong time-management skills. Unlike traditional classrooms, online students may have fewer fixed hours for attending lectures. They are often responsible for checking course announcements, completing weekly readings, participating in discussions, submitting assignments, and preparing for assessments on their own schedule.

Nursing subjects can also involve complex concepts such as pharmacology, pathophysiology, evidence-based practice, health assessment, nursing leadership, and patient safety. Understanding these subjects requires more than memorizing definitions. Students must learn how to apply knowledge to realistic patient situations and make appropriate clinical decisions.

When several deadlines arrive at the same time, even a motivated student can become stressed. This is where structured academic assistance can make a meaningful difference.

== What Students Usually Need Help With ==
Students looking for '''Take My Online Nursing Class''' support may need assistance with different parts of their coursework. Some may struggle with understanding difficult nursing concepts, while others may have difficulty managing several deadlines.

Common areas where students seek support include discussion posts, research-based assignments, case studies, care plans, presentations, quizzes, and exam preparation. Study guidance can also be useful for students who understand the material but struggle to organize their ideas into a clear academic response.

Good support should explain concepts in simple language and help students recognize how theoretical knowledge connects with nursing practice. For example, rather than simply providing an answer to a question, an effective tutor can explain why a particular nursing intervention is appropriate and what evidence supports it.

== Benefits of Getting Academic Support ==
One of the biggest advantages of academic support is better time management. A student who has a clear weekly plan can divide large assignments into smaller tasks instead of trying to complete everything at the last minute.

Academic guidance can also improve confidence. Nursing students sometimes understand a topic but hesitate because they are unsure whether they are approaching an assignment correctly. Working with a knowledgeable tutor can provide clarification and help identify areas that need improvement.

Another benefit is stronger academic writing. Nursing assignments often require students to use credible sources, explain evidence, maintain a logical structure, and follow required citation guidelines. Guidance with these skills can help students produce clearer and more organized work.

Support can also encourage independent learning. The most useful assistance does not leave students dependent on someone else. Instead, it gives them strategies they can use when approaching future assignments, exams, and challenging nursing topics.

== Choosing Reliable Online Nursing Class Support ==
Students should carefully evaluate any service before using it. Not every website offering online nursing assistance provides the same quality or level of support.

Look for services that clearly explain what they offer, who provides the assistance, and how students can communicate with tutors. Experienced nursing tutors should understand common nursing terminology, academic expectations, research methods, and evidence-based practice.

It is also important to consider academic integrity. Students should use outside assistance as a learning resource and follow their institution's policies. A trustworthy support service should encourage students to understand and develop their own work rather than encouraging dishonest academic behavior.

Privacy is another consideration. Students should avoid sharing unnecessary personal information, passwords, or confidential patient information. Nursing students should be especially careful with patient-related information because confidentiality is an important professional responsibility.

== How to Stay Successful in an Online Nursing Program ==
Getting support is only one part of succeeding in an online nursing course. Students should also develop consistent study routines. Setting aside specific hours for coursework can make it easier to maintain progress throughout the week.

Creating a weekly checklist is a simple but effective strategy. Students can list readings, discussion deadlines, assignments, quizzes, and exam preparation tasks. Completing smaller tasks regularly can prevent a large workload from becoming overwhelming.

It is also helpful to communicate with instructors when something is unclear. Asking questions early is generally better than waiting until an assignment deadline is approaching. Students can also use course materials, academic libraries, study groups, and tutoring resources to strengthen their understanding.

Most importantly, nursing students should focus on learning rather than simply completing requirements. The knowledge gained during nursing school can directly influence future professional practice, so developing strong reasoning and communication skills is essential [https://www.writinkservices.com/do-my-coursework/ do my coursework].

== Final Thoughts ==
Searching for '''Take My Online Nursing Class''' support can be a practical step for students who are struggling with workload, difficult concepts, or time management. However, the best support should strengthen learning, confidence, and academic skills rather than replace the student's responsibility.

With effective planning, reliable academic guidance, and consistent effort, online nursing students can manage their coursework more effectively. The right approach combines support with independent study, helping students build the knowledge and skills they need for both academic success and their future nursing careers.{{SSE Intro Nav}}
{{center top}}&lt;small&gt;When adding resources to this page, try to keep the page structure similar to the [[../Activities|Activities]] page to make it easy for learners to find resources relevant to specific [[../Activities|Activities]].&lt;/small&gt;{{center bottom}}

Use, improve and add resources which may be useful in performing the [[../Activities|Activities]]. 

{{biblio}}
=Reading List=

==Pondering Social Entrepreneurship==

* [[What is Social Entrepreneurship]]?
* [[Portal:Social_entrepreneurship/Curriculum/General/Multimedia resources on Social Entrepreneurship|Multimedia resources on Social Entrepreneurship]]
* [[Social Entrepreneurship FAQ|FAQ]]

== Comparing Social Entrepreneurship with Service Learning, Community-based Learning, etc.==

Boyle-Baise &amp; Sleeter, C.E. Community-based service-learning for multicultural teacher education.
'''Education Foundations''', Spring: 33-50.

Bringle, R.G., Hatcher, J.A. 2002. Campus-Community Partnerships: The terms of engagement.
'''Journal of Social Issues''', 58(3): 503-516.

Bringle, R.G., Hatcher, J.A. 2000. (may-June) Institutionalization of service Learning in Higher Educa-
tion. '''Journal of Higher Education''', 71(3), 274-289.

Castle &amp; Osman, 2003. Service learning in teacher education: an institutional model for an emerging
practice. '''South African Journal of Higher Education''', 17(1):105-111.

Eyler, J. 2002. Reflection: Linking service and learning—linking students and communities. '''Journal of Social Issues''', 58 (3): 517-534.

Howard, J.P.F. 1998, Spr. Academic Service Learning: A counter normative Pedagogy. '''New Directions for Teaching and Learning''', 73, 21-27.

Jacoby, B. 1996. '''Service-learning in higher education: concepts and practices'''. San Francisco,
CA:Jossey-Bass. Chapter 3: Enhancing student learning and development through service-learning.

LaMaster, K.J. 2001. Enhancing Perservice Teachers Field experiences through the addition of a
Service-Learning Component. '''The Journal of Experiential Education'''. 24(1):27-33.

Owens, TR, Wang, C. January 1996. '''Community-Based Learning: A foundation for meaningful education reform'''. (Available online at http://www.nwrel.org/scpd/sirs/10/t008.html).

Roakes, S.L. &amp; Norris-Tirrell, D. 2000. Community service learning in planning education: A frame-work for course development. '''Journal of planning education and research''', 20:100-110.

'''Service-Learning Clearinghouse Project'''. (Available on line at http://www.gseis.ucla.edu/slc/basics.html).

Waghid, Y. 1999. Engaging universities and society through research, teaching and service. '''South African Journal of Higher Education''', 13(2):109-117.

Weigert, K.M. 1998. Spr. Academic Service Learning: Its meaning and relevance. '''New Directions for Teaching and Learning''', 73, 3-10.

Zlotkowski, E. 2001. Mapping new terrain: Service Learning across the disciplines. '''Change'''. Jan/Feb: 25 –33.

== Social Entrepreneurship==

See the [[Portal:Social entrepreneurship/Curriculum/Readings/more|General Social Entrepreneurship Readings]].

Paul Light, ''Searching for Social Entrepeneurs: Who They might be, Where They might be found, What They do.'' Anova, 2006. Available online at (http://www.indiana.edu/~socent/cp_readinglist.html)

=Recommended Web Sites=

Tishler, Carla. ''Enterprising Nonprofits: A Toolkit for Social Entrepreneurs - Why Running a Nonprofit is the Hardest Job in Business'', Harvard Bussiness School Archive, 5/29/2001. 
Available online at (http://hbswk.hbs.edu/archive/2265.html)

==Using Wikis==

[http://www.myglife.org/workshop/master/en/learn/tutorials/wiki Wiki Essentials Tutorial] ([http://www.myglife.org MyLife.org)

==Education in General==

* [http://www.eriche.org ERIC Clearing House on Higher Education]

== Service-Learning==

* [http://www.servicelearning.org National Service-Learning Clearinghouse]
* [http://www.slic.calstate.edu Service-Learning Internet Community]
* [http://www.Fiu.edu/~time4chg/Library/bigdummy.html The Big Dummy’s guide to service-learning]

== Social entrepreneurship ==

Insert links to the best web sites here.

For now, see the [[Portal:Social entrepreneurship/Related portals/more|longer list]] of portals.

=== Profiles ===

* See [[Portal:Social entrepreneurship/Profiles/more|our own growing list]], and don't forget to check out the external links at the end of [[Portal:Social entrepreneurship/Profiles/more|that page]]. 

=== Case Studies ===

* See [[Portal:Social entrepreneurship/Case Studies/more|our own growing list]]. and explore the links at the end of [[Portal:Social entrepreneurship/Case Studies/more|that page]].

=etc.=

* [http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/related_reports/social_entrepreneurs/ Social Entrepreneurs] (Times)
* [http://www.scn.org/cmp/modules/a-mod.htm Community Empowerment] - modules by [http://www.scn.org/cmp/cta.htm Phil Bartle], PhD.

=See Also=

* [[../Links|Links]]

[[Category:Readings (Social Entrepreneurship)]]</text>
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      <text bytes="2632" sha1="a8sr7m5cvshyxympal8858luzxw9s1b" xml:space="preserve">Added a frame and a caption to the screenshot for better usability, as I noticed that it was not obviously an image when the article is browsed quickly. I got confused at first, until I read the text above it. Couldn't get the image width to work for some reason, needs to be fixed.


==remark: explain that it's global right at begin==
was logged out and got presented: &quot;Why create a Wikiversity account? Not logged in. Please log in to view or edit items on your watchlist.&quot; I was wondering why restrict this account to WV only? when there is right there told it is a global account, it could be more activating. Anyways, later... ----[[User:Erkan_Yilmaz|Erkan Yilmaz]] &lt;small&gt;uses the [[Wikiversity:Chat]] + [[Identi.ca]]&lt;/small&gt; 01:31, 9 May 2011 (UTC)
大FAS

== Wikiversity ==

Wikiversity is a Wikimedia Foundation project that supports learning communities, their learning materials, and resulting activities. It differs from Wikipedia in that it offers tutorials and other materials for the fostering of learning, rather than an encyclopedia; like Wikipedia, it is available in many languages. [[User:Butterfly Florist|Butterfly Florist]] ([[User talk:Butterfly Florist|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Butterfly Florist|contribs]]) 06:26, 20 September 2022 (UTC)

It offers tutorials  [[User:Butterfly Florist|Butterfly Florist]] ([[User talk:Butterfly Florist|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Butterfly Florist|contribs]]) 07:47, 27 September 2022 (UTC)

== The importance of having a wikiversity account ==

Nothing [[User:Butterfly Florist|Butterfly Florist]] ([[User talk:Butterfly Florist|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Butterfly Florist|contribs]]) 06:47, 27 September 2022 (UTC)

== bizistech ppc  ==
'''Bizistech''' is a professional Amazon growth agency helping businesses improve their online presence and increase sales on Amazon. The company provides solutions including Amazon account management, product listing optimization, Amazon PPC management, brand management, and marketplace strategy development. Bizistech focuses on helping brands improve visibility, optimize performance, and build long-term success in the competitive eCommerce industry. With expert knowledge of Amazon operations and customer-focused strategies, Bizistech supports sellers in managing their stores effectively and achieving sustainable growth. The company works with businesses of different sizes to create customized Amazon solutions based on their goals. [[User:Bizistechppc|Bizistechppc]] ([[User talk:Bizistechppc|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Bizistechppc|contribs]]) 06:42, 15 September 2026 (UTC)</text>
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        <id>3039865</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edit by [[Special:Contributions/Bizistechppc|Bizistechppc]] ([[User_talk:Bizistechppc|talk]]) to last version by [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] using [[Wikiversity:Rollback|rollback]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="1712" sha1="7uiuyaaluiur117wwf5xwovq1b0tmxs" xml:space="preserve">Added a frame and a caption to the screenshot for better usability, as I noticed that it was not obviously an image when the article is browsed quickly. I got confused at first, until I read the text above it. Couldn't get the image width to work for some reason, needs to be fixed.


==remark: explain that it's global right at begin==
was logged out and got presented: &quot;Why create a Wikiversity account? Not logged in. Please log in to view or edit items on your watchlist.&quot; I was wondering why restrict this account to WV only? when there is right there told it is a global account, it could be more activating. Anyways, later... ----[[User:Erkan_Yilmaz|Erkan Yilmaz]] &lt;small&gt;uses the [[Wikiversity:Chat]] + [[Identi.ca]]&lt;/small&gt; 01:31, 9 May 2011 (UTC)
大FAS

== Wikiversity ==

Wikiversity is a Wikimedia Foundation project that supports learning communities, their learning materials, and resulting activities. It differs from Wikipedia in that it offers tutorials and other materials for the fostering of learning, rather than an encyclopedia; like Wikipedia, it is available in many languages. [[User:Butterfly Florist|Butterfly Florist]] ([[User talk:Butterfly Florist|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Butterfly Florist|contribs]]) 06:26, 20 September 2022 (UTC)

It offers tutorials  [[User:Butterfly Florist|Butterfly Florist]] ([[User talk:Butterfly Florist|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Butterfly Florist|contribs]]) 07:47, 27 September 2022 (UTC)

== The importance of having a wikiversity account ==

Nothing [[User:Butterfly Florist|Butterfly Florist]] ([[User talk:Butterfly Florist|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Butterfly Florist|contribs]]) 06:47, 27 September 2022 (UTC)</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Empathy</title>
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      <comment>+ Figure #s and figure citations</comment>
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[[File:Empathy facial expression 2.png|thumb|right|200px|'''Figure 1'''. An AI-generated photorealistic facial expression consistent with the emotional experience of empathy.]]
[[File:There's no crying in baseball! (4549295140) 2.jpg|thumb|200px|'''Figure 2'''. A child displays empathy to another child by comforting her, showing that he understands that she is in distress.]]
'''Empathy''' is a common affective human reaction to another person’s situation and, in particular, is about the extent to which a person understands another's perspectives (Davis, 1983). Empathy essentially involves mirroring the emotional experience of another human, but one can also feel empathic towards an animal or place.

In [[emotion]] science, empathy can be distinguished from related interpersonal emotions such as [[w:compassion|compassion]] and [[w:sympathy|sympathy]].

Emotions, such as empathy involve subjective feelings, physiological reactions, expressive behaviours (e.g., facial expressions; e.g. see Figure 1), and can [[motivation|motivate]] caring and helping behaviours (e.g., see Figure 2). 

==See also==
* [[w:Empathy|Empathy]] (Wikipedia)
* [[Motivation and emotion/Lectures/Individual emotions|Individual emotions]] (Motivation and emotion lecture)

==Reference==
{{Hanging indent|1=
Davis, M. H. (1983). Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach. ''Journal of Personality and Social Psychology'', ''44'', 113–126. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.44.1.113
}}

{{psych-stub}}
&lt;!--==See also==--&gt;
{{search}} 

[[Category:Social psychology]]
[[Category:Empathy| ]]</text>
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    <title>Number Theory/Diophantine Analysis</title>
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      <text bytes="5907" sha1="aaromq2zapn3hv6xtq41sd3qagmverr" xml:space="preserve">{{center top}}&lt;big&gt;'''Welcome to the Lesson of Diophantine Analysis'''&lt;/big&gt;{{center bottom}}
{{center top}}''Part of the [[School:Olympiads|School of Olympiads]]''{{center bottom}}

This lesson is about '''Diophantine Equations''' or indeterminate polynomial equations that allows the variables to be ''integers only'' (or in some cases fractions). They have fewer equations than unknown variables and involve finding integers that work correctly for all equations. In more technical language, they define an algebraic curve, algebraic surface or more general object, and ask about the ''lattice points'' on it.&lt;br&gt;
While individual equations present a kind of puzzle and have been considered throughout history, the formulation of general theories for solving them was an achievement of the twentieth century.

The questions asked in Diophantine analysis include:
*Are there any solutions?
*Are there any solutions beyond some that are easily found by inspection?
*Are there finitely or infinitely many solutions?
*Can all solutions be found, in theory?
*Can one in practice compute a full list of solutions?
These traditional problems often lay unsolved for centuries, and mathematicians gradually came to understand their depth (in some cases), rather than treat them as puzzles.

Some widely used techniques are
* Factor Decomposition Method
* Bounding by Inequalities {especially Discriminant Inequality in Quadratic Equations}
* Parametrization
* Modular Arithmetic
* Mathematical Induction
* Fermat's Infinite Descent
* Reduction to Pell's and Continued Fractions
* Positional Numeral Systems
* Elliptic Curves


=Theorems=
==Simple Systems==
:&lt;math&gt;\ x + y = a, x - y = b, xy = c, x^2 + y^2 = d, x^2 - y^2 = e, x^3 + y^3 = f, x^3 - y^3 = g.&lt;/math&gt;

The problem is, given any two of a, b, c, d, e, f, and g, find x and y.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
For x:

==Linear Diophantine Equations==
===Bezout's Identity [ax+by=d]===
In number theory, '''Bézout's identity''' or '''Bézout's lemma''' is a linear diophantine equation. It states that if ''a'' and ''b'' are nonzero integers with greatest common divisor ''d'', then there exist infinitely many integers ''x'' and ''y'' (called ''Bézout numbers'' or ''Bézout coefficients'') such that
: &lt;math&gt; ax+by=d. \, &lt;/math&gt;
Additionally, ''d'' is the least positive integer for which there are integer solutions ''x'' and ''y'' for the preceding equation.
&lt;br&gt;
The Bézout numbers ''x'' and ''y'' as above can be determined with the Extended Euclidean algorithm. However, they are not unique. If one solution is given by (''x'', ''y''), then there are infinitely many solutions. These are given by
:&lt;math&gt; \left\{ \left(x+\frac{kb}{\gcd(a,b)},\ y-\frac{ka}{\gcd(a,b)}\right) \mid k \in \mathbb{Z} \right\}. &lt;/math&gt;
===Extended Euclidean Algorithm===
The '''extended Euclidean algorithm''' is an extension to the Euclidean algorithm for finding the greatest common divisor (GCD) of integers ''a'' and ''b'': it also finds the integers ''x'' and ''y'' in Bézout's identity
: &lt;math&gt;ax + by = \gcd(a, b). \,&lt;/math&gt;

(Typically either x or y is negative).
The extended Euclidean algorithm is particularly useful when ''a'' and ''b'' are coprime, since ''x'' is the modular multiplicative inverse of ''a'' modulo ''b''.

==Pell's Equations [x&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;-ny&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;=1]==

===Continued Fractions===


==Infinite Descent==

==Pythagorean Equations==

===Pythagorean Triples===

Pythagorean triplets are sets of three natural numbers that satisfy Pythagoras' theorem;&lt;math&gt;x^2+y^2=z^2&lt;/math&gt; which describes the relationships between the sides of a right angled triangle.  It has been shown that there are an infinite number of them by the following proof. &lt;br&gt;The square numbers; 1, 4, 9, 16 etc can be seen to be separated by the odd numbers 3, 5, 7 etc.  This is because &lt;math&gt;(n+1)^2=n^2+2n+1&lt;/math&gt;. As an infinite number of these odd numbers are squares ( as an odd number squared results in an odd number) there must be an infinite number of pythagorean triplets.

===Fermat's Last Theorem===
Fermats last theorem is a theorem about an equation that is similar to pythagorus' theorem.  It is &lt;math&gt;x^n+y^n=z^n&lt;/math&gt;.  Fermats last theorem states that there are no integer solutions to this equation for x,y,z does not equal 0 and &lt;math&gt;n&gt;2&lt;/math&gt;.  It is particularly famous because Fermat stated that he had a proof.  The first case of this to be proved was n=4 which was proved by infinite descent.
===Pythagorean Quadruples and higher n-tuples===

==Magic Squares &amp; Design Theory==

==System of Modular Congruences==
===Chinese Remainder Theorem===

==Harmonic Diophantine Equations==

==Partitions of Natural Numbers==

==Exponential Equations==

=Problems=
==p/x + q/y = 1==
'''Problem''' Let p and q be prime numbers. Find the number of pairs of positive numbers x,y, that satisfy the equation:
&lt;math&gt;p/x + q/y = 1\,\!&lt;/math&gt;
{{HideNseek|title=Answer|text=
Dividing the equation by pq, we get&lt;br&gt;
&lt;math&gt;1/qx + 1/py = 1/pq&lt;/math&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;math&gt;(qx-pq)(py-pq)=p^2q^2&lt;/math&gt;
}}

=Resources=
==Textbooks==
*[[b:Number Theory|Wikibook on Number Theory]]
*[[b:High School Mathematics Extensions|Wikibook on High School Mathematics Extensions]]
*[http://shoup.net/ntb/ A Computational Introduction to Number Theory and Algebra]
*[http://modular.math.washington.edu/ent/ Elementary Number Theory]

==Practice Questions==
*[http://www.mathlinks.ro/index.php?f=456  from Math Links Everyone]

==Related WebApps==
*[http://wims.unice.fr/wims/wims.cgi?module=tool/arithmetic/bezout.en Online Bezout Calculator]
==Active participants==
The histories of Wikiversity pages indicate who the active participants are. If you are an active participant in this division, you can list your name here (this can help small divisions grow and the participants communicate better; for large divisions a list of active participants is not needed).

----

[[Category:Secondary_Math_Lessons]]</text>
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      <text bytes="9918" sha1="h03uxkjetdbx1fp0cmvtg6nw8a7wv05" xml:space="preserve">==When was this updated?==
Time for a change, something new! [[User:IDangerMouse|IDangerMouse]] 15:44, 27 January 2011 (UTC)

== for being on the side bar. ==

for being on the side bar. this seems a bit sparse. could this be updated to be more useful, helping, and interesting? bless up. [[User:Michael Ten|Michael Ten]] ([[User talk:Michael Ten|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Michael Ten|contribs]]) 04:47, 4 January 2024 (UTC)

== Mobile Medical Unit: Importance of Report Writing in Nursing ==

= Mobile Medical Unit: Importance of Report Writing in Nursing =
A '''Mobile Medical Unit (MMU)''' brings healthcare services directly to communities that may have limited access to hospitals, clinics, and other healthcare facilities. These units can operate in rural communities, remote locations, underserved areas, schools, workplaces, and emergency situations. Nurses are often an essential part of mobile healthcare teams, providing assessments, health education, basic care, referrals [https://www.writinkservices.com/importance-of-report-writing-in-nursing/ Importance of report writing in nursing], and patient support.

Because healthcare professionals working in mobile settings may encounter different patients and locations throughout the day, accurate documentation is particularly important. The '''Importance of report writing in nursing''' is reflected in its ability to support communication, patient safety, continuity of care, professional accountability, and effective healthcare planning.

== What Is a Mobile Medical Unit? ==
A Mobile Medical Unit is a healthcare facility designed to travel to different locations to provide medical services. Depending on the organisation and community needs, an MMU may offer health screenings, primary care, vaccinations, health education, chronic disease support, maternal and child health services, and referrals.

Nurses working in these units may assess patients, monitor health indicators, provide education, document care, and communicate with other healthcare professionals. Since patients may later receive care elsewhere, accurate reports can help ensure that relevant information is available to authorised members of the healthcare team.

== Importance of Report Writing in Nursing ==
Report writing is an essential professional responsibility in nursing. A nursing report provides a structured record of relevant observations, assessments, interventions, patient responses, and follow-up requirements.

The '''Importance of report writing in nursing''' becomes particularly apparent in mobile healthcare because patients may move between different healthcare settings. A clear report can help another professional understand what occurred during a previous encounter and identify information that may require further attention.

Accurate documentation can also support professional accountability and help organisations maintain appropriate records of healthcare services.

== Supporting Continuity of Care ==
Continuity of care is important when patients receive services from multiple healthcare providers. An individual who visits a Mobile Medical Unit may later attend a hospital, clinic, or specialist service.

Appropriate nursing documentation can provide information about the patient's previous encounter, including relevant assessment findings, care provided, education, and referrals.

This can help healthcare professionals develop a more complete understanding of the patient's healthcare history.

== Promoting Patient Safety ==
Patient safety is a major priority in nursing practice. Documentation can help communicate information that may affect safe care.

Depending on the circumstances, nursing reports may include relevant allergies, symptoms, vital signs, medication-related information, changes in condition, and follow-up recommendations.

In mobile settings, where complete patient histories may not always be immediately available, accurate documentation can provide valuable information for subsequent care.

== Recording Patient Assessments ==
Patient assessment is one of the most important nursing activities. Nurses may gather subjective information from patients and objective information through observation, measurement, and physical assessment.

Reports should accurately record relevant findings and avoid unsupported assumptions.

Clear documentation allows other authorised healthcare professionals to understand the patient's condition and may help identify changes that require further evaluation.

== Documenting Nursing Interventions ==
Mobile Medical Unit nurses may provide a variety of services depending on their professional responsibilities and the services offered by the organisation.

These may include health education, monitoring, wound care, basic interventions, referrals, or other appropriate activities.

Documenting interventions provides a record of the care delivered and can help communicate important information to other members of the healthcare team.

== Recording Patient Responses ==
Documentation should also reflect relevant patient responses to care.

For example, when education is provided, the nurse may document relevant information about the patient's understanding or questions according to organisational procedures.

Similarly, when a patient's condition is monitored, changes or responses that are relevant to ongoing care should be appropriately recorded.

== Improving Healthcare Communication ==
Mobile healthcare often involves collaboration among nurses, physicians, community health workers, pharmacists, and other professionals.

Clear reports provide a communication channel between these team members.

Good documentation can reduce misunderstandings and make important patient information easier to access. This is particularly valuable when patients require referral or follow-up outside the Mobile Medical Unit.

== Supporting Referral Services ==
Mobile Medical Units may identify patients who need additional healthcare services.

A nurse may contribute to the referral process by documenting relevant assessment findings and other appropriate information.

Well-organised documentation can help the receiving provider understand the reason for referral and identify issues that may require further assessment.

Referral procedures should always follow the healthcare organisation's policies and applicable professional requirements.

== Protecting Patient Confidentiality ==
Nursing reports often contain sensitive personal and health information. Protecting this information is therefore an important professional responsibility.

Nurses should follow applicable privacy requirements, organisational policies, and approved information-management procedures.

Only relevant information should be recorded, and healthcare records should be accessed and shared appropriately.

== Digital Reporting in Mobile Healthcare ==
Many Mobile Medical Units use electronic systems to record patient information. Tablets, laptops [https://www.writinkservices.com/take-my-online-nursing-class/ Take my online nursing class for me], and other approved digital technologies can allow healthcare professionals to enter and access records while working in the field.

Digital systems can improve accessibility and reduce some paperwork, but they also create responsibilities concerning passwords, device security, data protection, and authorised access.

Nurses should receive appropriate training and follow their organisation's digital documentation policies.

== Characteristics of an Effective Nursing Report ==
A high-quality nursing report should generally be:

* '''Accurate:''' Information should reflect what was actually observed or performed.
* '''Objective:''' Documentation should avoid unsupported opinions.
* '''Clear:''' Information should be easy for authorised professionals to understand.
* '''Relevant:''' The report should focus on information related to patient care.
* '''Timely:''' Documentation should be completed according to applicable procedures.
* '''Confidential:''' Patient information should be protected appropriately.

These characteristics help make nursing documentation a useful professional communication tool.

== Supporting Quality Improvement ==
Nursing reports can also contribute to quality improvement. When organisations review appropriate information, they may identify common healthcare needs, referral patterns, service gaps, or recurring concerns in communities.

This information can help organisations evaluate their services and consider improvements.

For example, repeated documentation of a particular health concern in a community could encourage an organisation to strengthen relevant education or screening programmes.

== Conclusion ==
Mobile Medical Units help extend healthcare services to communities that may experience barriers to accessing traditional healthcare facilities. Nurses working in these environments play an important role in assessment, education, patient support, referrals, and documentation.

The '''Importance of report writing in nursing''' is particularly clear in mobile healthcare because accurate records support continuity of care, patient safety, professional communication, accountability, confidentiality, and service improvement.

Effective nursing reports should be clear, objective, accurate, timely, and relevant. Whether documentation is completed on paper or through an electronic system, nurses must follow professional standards and organisational procedures.

Ultimately, good report writing is more than administrative paperwork. It is an essential part of professional nursing practice that helps ensure important patient information is communicated effectively and contributes to safer, more coordinated healthcare. [[User:Hartjam864|Hartjam864]] ([[User talk:Hartjam864|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Hartjam864|contribs]]) 08:38, 15 September 2026 (UTC)</text>
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    <title>Educational Technology: Links for Mastering New Technologies</title>
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      <text bytes="1258" sha1="pfwd65anpxt170x4w7t3fyofohlzjuv" xml:space="preserve">==Wikiversity Lesson Plan Links:==

[[Collaborative_Tools:_Using_Mind_Meister_for_Student_Collaboration|Collaborative Tools:  Using MindMeister for Student Collaboration]]

[[Visual_thinking_strategies|Visual Thinking Strategies]]

==Technology Links:==

[http://www.wikipedia.org/ Wikipedia]

[http://www.mindmeister.com MindMeister]  An online collaborative mapping tool.

[https://www.blogger.com/start eBlogger]  A free online journal.

[http://rubistar.4teachers.org/index.php RubiStar]    Create rubrics for your project-based learning activities.

[http://www.youtube.com/ YouTube]  A video sharing website.

[http://www.makebeliefscomix.com/ Make Beliefs Comix] Create your very own comic strip, choosing from a variety of characters, background colors and dialogue boxes.

==References:==
* Dewey, J. (1902). The child and the curriculum. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
* Merryfield, M. (2003). Like a veil: Cross-cultural experiential learning online. ''Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education, ''3(2), 146-171.
* Shirky, C. (2009). How social media can make history [TED talk]. Retrieved from http://www.ted.com/talks/clay_shirky_how_cellphones_twitter_facebook_can_make_history.html

[[Category:Educational technology]]</text>
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      <comment>Update for 2026</comment>
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{{Motivation and emotion/Lectures/In development}}
&lt;!-- {{Motivation and emotion/Lectures/In development}} --&gt;
&lt;!-- {{Motivation and emotion/Lectures/Complete}} --&gt;
==Overview==
[[File:Mary Magdalene Crying Statue.jpg|200px|right]]
This lecture introduces the psychology of [[emotion]] by considering six key questions.

Take-home messages:
* Emotions involve subjective feelings, physiological and neurological change, expressive behaviour, and guide motivation 
* Emotions serve adaptative, functional purposes

==Outline==
* What is an emotion?
* What causes an emotion?
* How many emotions are there?
* What good are emotions?
* How can we control our emotions?
* What is the difference between emotion and mood?

==What is an emotion?==
[[File:Fourcomponents.png|380px|thumb|'''Figure 1'''. Emotions are triggered by significant life events and have at least four distinct components: feelings, bodily arousal, social expression, and goal-directed sense of purpose (based on Reeve, 2018)]]

* Emotions are not easily defined, in part because they are integrated, multi-system experiences
* There are at least four distinct aspects (see Figure 1):
** '''subjective feelings''': What most people think of as emotion—the ''feeling''
** '''bodily arousal''':  Distinct patterns of physiological activation (e.g., blushing when ashamed)
** '''social expression''': Communicative aspects, including facial expression, body language, and speech
** '''sense of purpose''': Emotion as a stimulation of motivated behaviour

==What causes an emotion?==
* Emotions do not occur randomly; they are functional states (i.e., emotions are purposeful responses to specific types of life events)
* Emotional experiences motivate effective adaptation to life events
* However, emotions are also &quot;primitive&quot; in that they are approximate, impulsive responses, and may not always be well calibrated (e.g., may go over-the-top or be insufficient or inaccurate)

==How many emotions are there?==
[[File:Plutchik-wheel.svg|400px|thumb|'''Figure 2'''. Plutchik's wheel of emotions represents the valence and intensity of core emotions using colour. [http://www.personalityresearch.org/basicemotions/plutchik.html More detail].]]

* Emotion models typically identify five to eight core or basic emotions
* Reeve (2018) describes six core emotions (4 unpleasant and 2 pleasant):
** Fear
** Anger
** Disgust
** Sadness
** Interest
** Joy
* Other common candidate core emotions include:
** Contempt
** Surprise
* Core emotion criteria
** Distinct facial expression
** Distinct pattern of physiology
** Automatic (unlearned) appraisal
** Distinct antecedent cause
** Inescapable (inevitable) activation
** Presence in other primates
** Rapid onset
** Brief duration
** Distinctive subjective feeling state
** Distinctive cognition
* Core emotion exclusion reasons
** Derived from a core emotion
** Mood
** Attitude
** Personality trait
** Disorder
** Blend
** Aspect of emotion
* More complex emotion models represent additional dimensions such as:
** Valence
** Arousal
** Intensity (e.g., see Figure 2)

==What is the purpose of emotion?==
* Emotions are functional; they facilitate adaptation
* Avoid referring to &quot;good&quot; and &quot;bad&quot; emotions because, from a psychoevolutionary point of view, all emotions evolved for a reason and serve an adaptive purpose.
* Understanding the purpose of one's emotions is part of developing emotional intelligence (i.e., to be able to welcome emotion because it provides important information about how to adapt to one's current life situation)

==How can we control our emotions?==
* [[Emotional self-regulation]] is the ability to manage one's emotion. This is part of [[emotional intelligence]] which consists of:
** Emotion recognition in self: Ability to recognise the type of emotion one is experiencing (emotional literacy)
** Emotion regulation in self: Ability to respond appropriately to one's emotional experience (e.g., if angry, to find appropriate ways of expressing the anger)
** Emotion recognition in others: Ability to recognise the nature of others' emotional experiences
** Appropriate responding to emotion in others: Capacity to respond appropriately to the emotional experiences of others
* Emotion regulation strategies
** Situation selection
** Situation modification
** Attentional focus
** Reappraisal
** Suppression

==What is the difference between emotion and mood?==
* Emotions are short-lived affective responses to specific life events
* Moods are more diffuse affective experiences which may last longer than emotions and are not triggered by specific events (e.g., one may just wake up in a bad mood)

==Readings==
* Chapter 11: Nature of emotion ([[Motivation and emotion/Readings/Textbooks/Reeve/2024|Reeve, 2024]])

==Multimedia==
* [https://www.youtube.com/embed/gAMbkJk6gnE?end=121 Feeling all the feels] (CrashCourse Psychology #25, YouTube) (2:01 mins): an introduction to emotion
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xNY0AAUtH3g Emotions and the brain] (Sentis, YouTube, 2012) (2:02 mins): a simple, clear explanation of emotions, the brain, and emotion regulation
* [https://www.youtube.com/embed/nEUzQ7yL9A0?end=188 Inside out - Meet Riley's emotions] (Pixar, YouTube, 2015) (3:08 mins): Trailer for the animated movie ''Inside Out'' which provides an entertaining look at our inner emotions and memories
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gaZDLOAg_Po What is an emotion? (Paul Ekman)] (Mind with Heart, 2012, YouTube) (7:35 mins): Paul Ekman explains what emotion is, why we have emotions, and how they can be regulated
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ijcydVxCBoA Lie to me] (Quicksubs, YouTube, 2015) (2:01 mins): Trailer for a TV series about lie detection through analysis of facial expression and body language

==Slides==
* [https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1P8cE3uOywK7OukK_hJKYH-aNFtuKuY-frNqScvBKRFo/edit?usp=sharing Nature of emotion] (Google Slides)&lt;!--
* Handouts
** [[Media:Motivation and Emotion - Lecture 07 - Nature of emotion 6slidesperpage.pdf|Download 6 slides to a page]]: [[File:Motivation and Emotion - Lecture 07 - Nature of emotion 6slidesperpage.pdf|100px]]
** [[Media:Motivation and Emotion - Lecture 07 - Nature of emotion 3slidesperpage.pdf|Download 3 slides to a page]]: [[File:Motivation and Emotion - Lecture 07 - Nature of emotion 3slidesperpage.pdf|100px]]
&lt;!-- * [http://www.slideshare.net/jtneill/nature-of-emotion Lecture slides] (Slideshare) --&gt;

==See also==
* [[/Images/]]

;Lectures
* [[{{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2}}/Mindsets, control, and the self|Mindsets, control, &amp; the self]] (Previous lecture)
* [[{{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2}}/Aspects of emotion|Aspects of emotion]] (Next lecture)

;Tutorial
* [[{{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|1}}/Tutorials/Core emotions|Core emotions]]

;Wikipedia
* [[w:Emotion classification|Emotion classification]]
* [[w:Inside Out (2015 film)|Inside Out]] | [[w:Inside Out 2|Inside Out 2]]
* [[w:Lie to Me|Lie to Me]]
* [[w:Paul Ekman|Paul Ekman]]
* [[w:The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals|The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals]]

==Recording==
* [Lecture 7] (2026)
* [https://au-lti.bbcollab.com/recording/d5448bdda2f145788a62c999ee582234 Lecture 7] (2025)&lt;!--
* [https://au-lti.bbcollab.com/recording/68a5ca1e0ff3483dab76f4939e29c490 Lecture 7] (2024)
* [https://au-lti.bbcollab.com/recording/c8b6153ac42a4eb89724396d9e9e40a0 Lecture 7] (2023)
* [https://au-lti.bbcollab.com/recording/c1cc29b612d04060a52684c01447baa5 Lecture 7] (2022)
* [https://au-lti.bbcollab.com/recording/832453a6efcf4086a235877d20ac5b66 Lecture 7] (2021)
--&gt;

==References==
{{Hanging indent|1=

Ekman, P. &amp; Cordaro, D. (2011). [http://emr.sagepub.com/content/3/4/364 What is meant by calling emotions basic]. ''Emotion Review'', ''3'', 364–370. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073911410740

James, W. (1884). [http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/James/emotion.htm What is an emotion?] ''Mind'', ''9'', 188–205.

}}

==External links==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_6vDLq64gE How to spot a liar] (Pamela Meyer, TED Talk, YouTube, 2011, 18:51 mins)
* [https://www.psypost.org/2017/06/depressed-people-medial-prefrontal-cortex-exerts-control-parts-brain-49168 In depressed people, the medial prefrontal cortex exerts more control over other parts of the brain] (PsyPost, 2017)
* [https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-06-23/inside-out-2-film-brain-changes-puberty-child-new-emotions/103995788 Inside Out 2 is a relatable film about puberty's big brain changes. Here's how to talk to your child about their new emotions] (ABC News, 2024)
{{Motivation and emotion/Lectures/Navigation}}

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        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
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      <comment>Update for 2026</comment>
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      <text bytes="12132" sha1="jqnptmel98i3clmrcui1utwj8xt7e5e" xml:space="preserve">{{Motivation and emotion/Lectures|Lecture 8: Aspects of emotion|eighth}}
{{Motivation and emotion/Lectures/In development}}
&lt;!-- {{Motivation and emotion/Lectures/In development}} --&gt;
&lt;!-- {{Motivation and emotion/Lectures/Complete}} --&gt;
==Overview==
[[File:Two people with brain cogs turning.png|right|250px|thumb|&lt;div style='text-align: center;'&gt;What causes emotion?&lt;br&gt;Biology?&lt;br&gt;Cognition?&lt;br&gt;Sociality?&lt;/div&gt;]]

This lecture:
* discusses biological, cognitive, and social psychological aspects of [[emotion]] 
* considers the potential of [[w:affective computing|affective computing]]

Take-home messages:
* Biology and cognition work together to generate emotion
* Facial expressions can influence emotional state
* Other people are the source of most of our emotions
* Emotions are contagious
* Computers are increasingly able to detect, imitate, and respond to emotion

==Outline==
* Biological
* Cognitive
* Social
* Affective computing

==Biological aspects of emotion==
[[File:Bipolar Dyptych 1 365.jpg|thumb|right|200px|'''Figure 1'''. What is the role of the body in causing emotion?]]
[[File:Expression of the Emotions Figure 1.png|thumb|right|200px|'''Figure 2'''. The human face has over 80 muscles; ~half of which are involved in expressing ~3,000 different expressions of emotion]]
* What is the role of the body in emotion (see Figure 1)?
** Does bodily reaction follow emotion?
** Or does bodily reaction lead to emotion?
* [[w:James–Lange theory|James–Lange theory of emotion]]:
** Sequence
*** Stimulus → Bodily reaction → Emotion e.g.,
*** Sudden cold shower → Increased heart rate → Surprise? Fear?
** Emotion is a way of making sense of bodily changes
** Criticisms
*** Boldy reactions are part of a general response that does not vary much between emotions
*** Emotional experiences occur more quickly than physiological reactions
** Contemporary perspective
*** Distinct physiological differences are evident for some emotions, but only a few have distinct [[w:Autonomic nervous system|autonomic nervous system]] patterns
*** Emotions recruit bodily reactions to facilitate adaptative behaviours such as fighting, fleeing, and nurturing
* Brain activations for specific emotions
** Distinct neural circuits underlie the core emotions of joy, fear, rage, and anxiety ([[w:Gray's biopsychological theory of personality|Gray]])
*** Behavioural approach system
*** Fight or flight system
*** Behavioural inhibition system
** Neuroscience studies of brain activity during emotional experiences map core emotions to distinct patterns of neural activity
* [[w:Facial feedback hypothesis|Facial feedback hypothesis]]
** The facial feedback hypothesis (FFH) proposes that emotional experience arises from interpretation of one's facial expression
*** Strong view: FF causes emotion
*** Weak view: FF modifies emotion
*** Critics: FF effect is small
** Facial expression of core emotions is cross-culturally universal (see Figure 2)
*** Some emotions (e.g., joy) are easier to recognise than others (e.g., fear)
*** Some cultures (e.g., Western) are better at recognising emotion (e.g., because they focus on the mouth) than other cultures (e.g., Eastern because they focus on the eyes)

==Cognitive aspects of emotion==
* Biology alone doesn't explain all aspects of emotion, particularly complex emotions such as hope, pride, envy, and gratitude
* Appraisal
** Appraisals, rather than events per se, elicit emotion
** Appraisals evaluates significance of events
*** Primary: &quot;Is this event significant to me and my well-being?&quot;; if yes, &quot;Is the event good (beneficial) or bad (harmful)?&quot;
*** Secondary: &quot;Can I cope with this situation?&quot; → emotion (e.g., liking/disliking) → approach vs. withdrawal
** Complex appraisal models account for approx. 2/3rds of emotional variability by mapping perceived types of benefit/harm/threat to specific emotions
* Emotion knowledge
** Ability to differentiate different types and intensities of emotion
** Part of [[w:Emotional intelligence|emotional intelligence]]
** Can be taught and developed
* Attribution
** Different explanations for why life events occur leads to different emotional experiences
*** Primary: Good or bad?
*** Secondary: Cause?
** Example:
*** Primary: Good event
*** Secondary: Internal cause
*** Emotion: Pride

==Social aspects of emotion==
[[File:Just love cropped cropped.jpg|thumb|right|200px|'''Figure 3'''. Emotions are socially intense experiences, bringing us together and driving us apart]]
* Emotions are socially intense experiences (see Figure 3)
** Through emotional expression, we signal our needs to others
** Social experiences are the most frequent source of day-to-day emotion; these experiences:
*** bring us together (e.g., joy and gratitude) and 
*** push us apart (e.g., anger, contempt, and schadenfreude)
** [[w:Emotional contagion|Emotional contagion]]: People tend to converge on similar emotions due to:
*** [[w:Mirror neuron|Mirror neuron]]s fire in response to observing others' emotion
*** People tend to mimic others' emotional expressions
* Social sharing of emotion provides conversational context for people to re-experience and recount their emotional experiences
** Social-affective sharing: Listening, comforting, empathy, support → provides temporary relief
** Cognitive sharing: Reframing, meaning-making, reprioritising → stimulates cognitive work for emotional healing and recovery
* Common view of emotions as short-lived is challenged by social research about emotion because emotional experiences tend to be retold and relived through social sharing, contributing to emotional continuity over days, weeks, and even years

==Affective computing==
[[File:Sophia (robot).jpg|thumb|200px|'''Figure 4'''. Electronic devices such as robots are increasingly able to detect and respond to human emotion.]]
* [[w:Affective computing|Affective computing]] is an interdisciplinary field which studies how [[w:Artificial intelligence|artificial intelligence]] can recognise and respond to human emotion
* If emotions show ANS specificity, then sensors built into electronic devices can monitor human and adjust accordingly (e.g., empathically) (see Figure 4)

==Readings==
* Chapter 13: Aspects of emotion ([[Motivation and emotion/Readings/Textbooks/Reeve/2015|Reeve, 2018]]) or Chapter 12: Aspects of emotion ([[Motivation and emotion/Readings/Textbooks/Reeve/2024|Reeve, 2024]])

==Multimedia==
* [https://www.youtube.com/embed/-PFqzYoKkCc?si=e9oy7d30rVETd82h&amp;amp;start=12&amp;end=679 Emotions revealed] (KQED QUEST, 2008, YouTube) (11:01 mins): Explains Paul Ekman's work on codifying the intricate ways in which emotions are revealed through facial expressions
* [https://www.youtube.com/embed/TdsFGqhoAEo?si=slTlN00GwXbELkDM&amp;amp;start=18&amp;end=160 Why we can't not smile] (Epic Science, 2014, YouTube) (2:22 mins): Explores unconscious emotional mimicry in relation to smiling
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JMLsHI8aV0g How China is using artificial intelligence in classrooms] (The Wall Street Journal, 2020, YouTube) (5:43 mins): Shows real-world application of emotion AI being used to monitor students, illustrating potentials and risks of affective computing

==Slides==
* [https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1b6mSQQGASDgImEPjDt9DyU4Tm2NtT1GO1k0UdWLSSeE/edit?usp=sharing Aspects of emotion] (Google Slides)
&lt;!-- * [http://www.slideshare.net/jtneill/aspects-of-emotion Lecture slides] (Slideshare)
* Handouts
** [[Media:Motivation and Emotion - Lecture 08 - Aspects of emotion 6slidesperpage.pdf|Download 6 slides to a page]]: [[File:Motivation and Emotion - Lecture 08 - Aspects of emotion 6slidesperpage.pdf|100px]]
** [[Media:Motivation and Emotion - Lecture 08 - Aspects of emotion 3slidesperpage.pdf|Download 3 slides to a page]]: [[File:Motivation and Emotion - Lecture 08 - Aspects of emotion 3slidesperpage.pdf|100px]]
* [http://www.slideshare.net/jtneill/aspects-of-emotion Lecture slides] (Slideshare)
--&gt;

==See also==
* [[/Images/]]

; Lectures
* [[{{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2}}/Nature of emotion|Nature of emotion]] (Previous lecture)
* [[{{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2}}/Individual emotions|Individual emotions]] (Next lecture)

;Tutorial
* [[{{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|1}}/Tutorials/Measuring emotion|Measuring emotion]] (Tutorial)

;Wikiversity
* [[:Category:Motivation and emotion/Book/Affective computing|Affective computing]] (Book chapter category)
* [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2014/Appraisal and emotion|Appraisal and emotion]] (Book chapter, 2014)
&lt;!-- [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2024/Attribution theory and emotion|Attribution theory and emotion]] (Book chapter 2024) --&gt;
* [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2014/Facial Action Coding System|Facial Action Coding System]] (Book chapter, 2014)
* [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2023/Smiling and emotion|Smiling and emotion]] (Book chapter, 2023)

;Wikipedia

Topics
* [[w:Affective computing|Affective computing]]
* [[w:Appraisal theory|Appraisal]]
* [[w:Attribution (psychology)|Attribution]]
* [[w:Gray's biopsychological theory of personality|Gray's biopsychological theory of personality]]
* [[w:James–Lange theory|James–Lange theory]]
* [[w:Sophia (robot)|Sophia (robot)]]

People
* [[w:Magda B. Arnold|Magda B. Arnold]]
* [[w:Paul Ekman|Paul Ekman]]
* [[w:Jeffrey Alan Gray|Jeffrey Gray]]
* [[w:Carroll Izard|Carroll Izard]]

==Recording==
* [Lecture 8] (2026)
* [https://au-lti.bbcollab.com/recording/91c30feb657c4f0db225b3babaefd962 Lecture 8] (2025)&lt;!--
* [https://au-lti.bbcollab.com/recording/9c2e9707be814a9d87cc9131d0782390 Lecture 8 recording] (2024)
* [https://au-lti.bbcollab.com/recording/4c3533d7c9294b2da8dc4aaa8aac0b93 Lecture 8 recording] (2023)
* [https://au-lti.bbcollab.com/recording/def61ff43cfb4f0084e26aac0bc0b52f Lecture 8 recording] (2022)
* [https://au-lti.bbcollab.com/recording/7a2b4dd5a81246c096581c3461eae997 Lecture 8 recording] (2021)
* [https://au-lti.bbcollab.com/recording/9173da24929249c0905c62f676287d83 Lecture 8 recording] (2020)
* [https://echo360.org.au/media/00c6015a-2dd9-48c5-9d78-1f1891908d30/public Lecture 8 recording] (2019)
* [https://echo360.org.au/media/17d036bf-4c49-45a9-9dd7-6d9364a51263/public Lecture 8 recording] (2016) --&gt;

==References==
{{Hanging indent|1=

Gray, J. A. (1987). ''The psychology of fear and stress'' (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
&lt;!-- 
Izard, C. E. (2010). The many meanings/aspects of emotion: Definitions, functions, activation, and regulation. ''Emotion Review'', ''2''(4), 363–370. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073910374661
--&gt;
}}

==External links==
* [https://www.paulekman.com Paul Ekman Group] (paulekman.com)
* [https://www.bps.org.uk/research-digest/precise-meaning-emotion-words-different-around-world The precise meaning of emotion words is different around the world] (bps.org.uk)
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Qb_XnEUcY8 The scary truth behind AI's emotional power] (AI for Humans, 2025; YouTube 11:42 mins)

;Multimedia
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ui2_mZWyYK8 Can humanoid robots like Ameca develop emotions?] (Genz Ai Revolution, 2025, YouTube) (3:13 mins)&lt;!-- : Explores whether robots genuinely feel emotions or merely simulate them through sensors and advanced programming. Raises ethical questions about human–robot interaction, emotional mimicry, and the implications of machines acting as companions, caretakers, or friends. --&gt;
* [https://youtu.be/WY0j1cZtnp0 In your face] (Mind Field Ep 7, YouTube, 24:33 mins)
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sq36J9pNaEo Meet Sophia, World's first AI humanoid robot] (Tony Robbins, 2020, YouTube; 9:55 mins): Interview with an AI robot about life, the universe, and everything
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wjW-v0IPT_M Robots that show emotion] (David Hanson, TED talk, 7:29 mins)
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U9cGdRNMdQQ The hidden power of smiling] (Ron Gutman, TED talk; 7:26 mins)
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uq6XgrYBugo Why we have an emotional connection to robots] (Kate Darling, 2018, TED talk; 11:51 mins)
{{Motivation and emotion/Lectures/Navigation}}

[[Category:Motivation and emotion/Lectures/Aspects of emotion]]</text>
      <sha1>jqnptmel98i3clmrcui1utwj8xt7e5e</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>The necessities in Numerical Methods</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>119778</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2833190</id>
      <parentid>2832642</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-14T16:47:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Young1lim</username>
        <id>21186</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Non-linear Equations */</comment>
      <origin>2833190</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2914" sha1="i1izhhpaewa6uihebtiw54inh2cvap7" xml:space="preserve">== Calculus == 
=== Numerical Differentiation ===
* Background on Differentiation ([[Media:NM.Diff.1Background.20240625.pdf |pdf]])
* Continuous Function Differentiation ([[Media:NM.Diff.1ContDiff.20241021.pdf |pdf]])
* Discrete Function Differentiation ([[Media:NM.Diff.1Discrete.20241116.pdf |pdf]])
* Forward, Backward, Central Divided Difference
* High Accuracy Differentiation
* Richardson Extrapolation
* Unequal Spaced Data Differentiation
* Numerical Differentiation with Octave
&lt;/br&gt;

=== Non-linear Equations ===
* Bisection Method ([[Media:NM.NLE.1Bisection.20241130.pdf |pdf]])
* Newton-Raphson Method ([[Media:NM.NLE.2Newton.20260911.pdf |pdf]])
* Secant Method
* False-Position Method
&lt;/br&gt;

=== Numerical Integration ===
* Trapezoidal Rule
* Simpson's 1/3 Rule
* Romberg Rule
* Gauss-Quadrature Rule
* Adaptive Quadrature
&lt;/br&gt;

=== Roots of a Nonlinear Equation ===
&lt;/br&gt;

=== Optimization ===
&lt;/br&gt;
&lt;/br&gt;

== Matrix Algebra == 

=== Simultaneous Linear Equations === 
* A system of linear equations ([[Media:SystemLinearEq.20240521.pdf |pdf]])


&lt;/br&gt;

=== Gaussian Elimination === 
&lt;/br&gt;

=== LU Decomposition === 
&lt;/br&gt;

=== Cholesky Decomposition === 
&lt;/br&gt;

=== LDL Decomposition === 
&lt;/br&gt;

=== Gauss-Seidel method === 
&lt;/br&gt;

=== Adequacy of Solutions === 
&lt;/br&gt;

=== Eigenvalue and Singular Value ===
&lt;/br&gt;

=== QRD ===
&lt;/br&gt;

=== SVD ===
&lt;/br&gt;

=== Iterative methods ===
&lt;/br&gt;
&lt;/br&gt;

== Regression ==

=== Linear Regression ===
&lt;/br&gt;

=== Non-linear Regression ===
&lt;/br&gt;

=== Linear Least Squares ===
&lt;/br&gt;
&lt;/br&gt; 


== Interpolation ==

=== Polynomial Interpolation ===
&lt;/br&gt;

=== Linear Splines ===
&lt;/br&gt;

=== Piecewise Interpolation ===
&lt;/br&gt;
&lt;/br&gt; 


== Ordinary Differential Equation ==
&lt;/br&gt;

== Partial Differential Equation ==
&lt;/br&gt;

== FEM (Finite Element Method) ==
&lt;/br&gt;
&lt;/br&gt; 


&lt;/br&gt;


== Using Symbolic Package in Octave ==

* Visit http://octave.sourceforge.net/index.html
* Download symbolic-1.0.9.tar.gz

* In Ubuntu, using the Ubuntu Software Center, I installed GiNac and CLN related software and symbolic package for Octave. But it did not properly installed.

* After extracting files from symbolic-1.0.9.tar.gz, I followed the following steps.
 ./configure 
 ./make 
 ./make INSTALL_PATH=/usr/share/octave/packages/3.2/symbolic-1.0.9 

* While doing this, I got an error message related to mkoctfile. So, I used the following command: sudo apt-get install ocatve3.2-headers. Then I was able to install the symbolic packages in the Ubuntu.

== Read some tutorials about symbolic computation ==

* Symbolic Mathematics in Matlab/GNU Octave (http://faraday.elec.uow.edu.au/subjects/annual/ECTE313/Symbolic_Maths.pdf)

* Symbolic Computations (http://www.math.ohiou.edu/courses/math344/lecture7.pdf)

[[Category:Numerical methods]]

== Using SymPy ( a Python library for symbolic mathematics) == 
&lt;/br&gt;


&lt;/br&gt; 
go to [ [[Electrical_%26_Computer_Engineering_Studies]] ]</text>
      <sha1>i1izhhpaewa6uihebtiw54inh2cvap7</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2833192</id>
      <parentid>2833190</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-14T16:48:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Young1lim</username>
        <id>21186</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Non-linear Equations */</comment>
      <origin>2833192</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2914" sha1="fvme41r29ui4xsgst6zb4j60rxxjel2" xml:space="preserve">== Calculus == 
=== Numerical Differentiation ===
* Background on Differentiation ([[Media:NM.Diff.1Background.20240625.pdf |pdf]])
* Continuous Function Differentiation ([[Media:NM.Diff.1ContDiff.20241021.pdf |pdf]])
* Discrete Function Differentiation ([[Media:NM.Diff.1Discrete.20241116.pdf |pdf]])
* Forward, Backward, Central Divided Difference
* High Accuracy Differentiation
* Richardson Extrapolation
* Unequal Spaced Data Differentiation
* Numerical Differentiation with Octave
&lt;/br&gt;

=== Non-linear Equations ===
* Bisection Method ([[Media:NM.NLE.1Bisection.20241130.pdf |pdf]])
* Newton-Raphson Method ([[Media:NM.NLE.2Newton.20260912.pdf |pdf]])
* Secant Method
* False-Position Method
&lt;/br&gt;

=== Numerical Integration ===
* Trapezoidal Rule
* Simpson's 1/3 Rule
* Romberg Rule
* Gauss-Quadrature Rule
* Adaptive Quadrature
&lt;/br&gt;

=== Roots of a Nonlinear Equation ===
&lt;/br&gt;

=== Optimization ===
&lt;/br&gt;
&lt;/br&gt;

== Matrix Algebra == 

=== Simultaneous Linear Equations === 
* A system of linear equations ([[Media:SystemLinearEq.20240521.pdf |pdf]])


&lt;/br&gt;

=== Gaussian Elimination === 
&lt;/br&gt;

=== LU Decomposition === 
&lt;/br&gt;

=== Cholesky Decomposition === 
&lt;/br&gt;

=== LDL Decomposition === 
&lt;/br&gt;

=== Gauss-Seidel method === 
&lt;/br&gt;

=== Adequacy of Solutions === 
&lt;/br&gt;

=== Eigenvalue and Singular Value ===
&lt;/br&gt;

=== QRD ===
&lt;/br&gt;

=== SVD ===
&lt;/br&gt;

=== Iterative methods ===
&lt;/br&gt;
&lt;/br&gt;

== Regression ==

=== Linear Regression ===
&lt;/br&gt;

=== Non-linear Regression ===
&lt;/br&gt;

=== Linear Least Squares ===
&lt;/br&gt;
&lt;/br&gt; 


== Interpolation ==

=== Polynomial Interpolation ===
&lt;/br&gt;

=== Linear Splines ===
&lt;/br&gt;

=== Piecewise Interpolation ===
&lt;/br&gt;
&lt;/br&gt; 


== Ordinary Differential Equation ==
&lt;/br&gt;

== Partial Differential Equation ==
&lt;/br&gt;

== FEM (Finite Element Method) ==
&lt;/br&gt;
&lt;/br&gt; 


&lt;/br&gt;


== Using Symbolic Package in Octave ==

* Visit http://octave.sourceforge.net/index.html
* Download symbolic-1.0.9.tar.gz

* In Ubuntu, using the Ubuntu Software Center, I installed GiNac and CLN related software and symbolic package for Octave. But it did not properly installed.

* After extracting files from symbolic-1.0.9.tar.gz, I followed the following steps.
 ./configure 
 ./make 
 ./make INSTALL_PATH=/usr/share/octave/packages/3.2/symbolic-1.0.9 

* While doing this, I got an error message related to mkoctfile. So, I used the following command: sudo apt-get install ocatve3.2-headers. Then I was able to install the symbolic packages in the Ubuntu.

== Read some tutorials about symbolic computation ==

* Symbolic Mathematics in Matlab/GNU Octave (http://faraday.elec.uow.edu.au/subjects/annual/ECTE313/Symbolic_Maths.pdf)

* Symbolic Computations (http://www.math.ohiou.edu/courses/math344/lecture7.pdf)

[[Category:Numerical methods]]

== Using SymPy ( a Python library for symbolic mathematics) == 
&lt;/br&gt;


&lt;/br&gt; 
go to [ [[Electrical_%26_Computer_Engineering_Studies]] ]</text>
      <sha1>fvme41r29ui4xsgst6zb4j60rxxjel2</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2833194</id>
      <parentid>2833192</parentid>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Young1lim</username>
        <id>21186</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Non-linear Equations */</comment>
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      <text bytes="2914" sha1="onbkqy14xzgjw2ixyjtfncwfdwnn7ep" xml:space="preserve">== Calculus == 
=== Numerical Differentiation ===
* Background on Differentiation ([[Media:NM.Diff.1Background.20240625.pdf |pdf]])
* Continuous Function Differentiation ([[Media:NM.Diff.1ContDiff.20241021.pdf |pdf]])
* Discrete Function Differentiation ([[Media:NM.Diff.1Discrete.20241116.pdf |pdf]])
* Forward, Backward, Central Divided Difference
* High Accuracy Differentiation
* Richardson Extrapolation
* Unequal Spaced Data Differentiation
* Numerical Differentiation with Octave
&lt;/br&gt;

=== Non-linear Equations ===
* Bisection Method ([[Media:NM.NLE.1Bisection.20241130.pdf |pdf]])
* Newton-Raphson Method ([[Media:NM.NLE.2Newton.20260914.pdf |pdf]])
* Secant Method
* False-Position Method
&lt;/br&gt;

=== Numerical Integration ===
* Trapezoidal Rule
* Simpson's 1/3 Rule
* Romberg Rule
* Gauss-Quadrature Rule
* Adaptive Quadrature
&lt;/br&gt;

=== Roots of a Nonlinear Equation ===
&lt;/br&gt;

=== Optimization ===
&lt;/br&gt;
&lt;/br&gt;

== Matrix Algebra == 

=== Simultaneous Linear Equations === 
* A system of linear equations ([[Media:SystemLinearEq.20240521.pdf |pdf]])


&lt;/br&gt;

=== Gaussian Elimination === 
&lt;/br&gt;

=== LU Decomposition === 
&lt;/br&gt;

=== Cholesky Decomposition === 
&lt;/br&gt;

=== LDL Decomposition === 
&lt;/br&gt;

=== Gauss-Seidel method === 
&lt;/br&gt;

=== Adequacy of Solutions === 
&lt;/br&gt;

=== Eigenvalue and Singular Value ===
&lt;/br&gt;

=== QRD ===
&lt;/br&gt;

=== SVD ===
&lt;/br&gt;

=== Iterative methods ===
&lt;/br&gt;
&lt;/br&gt;

== Regression ==

=== Linear Regression ===
&lt;/br&gt;

=== Non-linear Regression ===
&lt;/br&gt;

=== Linear Least Squares ===
&lt;/br&gt;
&lt;/br&gt; 


== Interpolation ==

=== Polynomial Interpolation ===
&lt;/br&gt;

=== Linear Splines ===
&lt;/br&gt;

=== Piecewise Interpolation ===
&lt;/br&gt;
&lt;/br&gt; 


== Ordinary Differential Equation ==
&lt;/br&gt;

== Partial Differential Equation ==
&lt;/br&gt;

== FEM (Finite Element Method) ==
&lt;/br&gt;
&lt;/br&gt; 


&lt;/br&gt;


== Using Symbolic Package in Octave ==

* Visit http://octave.sourceforge.net/index.html
* Download symbolic-1.0.9.tar.gz

* In Ubuntu, using the Ubuntu Software Center, I installed GiNac and CLN related software and symbolic package for Octave. But it did not properly installed.

* After extracting files from symbolic-1.0.9.tar.gz, I followed the following steps.
 ./configure 
 ./make 
 ./make INSTALL_PATH=/usr/share/octave/packages/3.2/symbolic-1.0.9 

* While doing this, I got an error message related to mkoctfile. So, I used the following command: sudo apt-get install ocatve3.2-headers. Then I was able to install the symbolic packages in the Ubuntu.

== Read some tutorials about symbolic computation ==

* Symbolic Mathematics in Matlab/GNU Octave (http://faraday.elec.uow.edu.au/subjects/annual/ECTE313/Symbolic_Maths.pdf)

* Symbolic Computations (http://www.math.ohiou.edu/courses/math344/lecture7.pdf)

[[Category:Numerical methods]]

== Using SymPy ( a Python library for symbolic mathematics) == 
&lt;/br&gt;


&lt;/br&gt; 
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    <title>VHDL programming in plain view</title>
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      <id>2833171</id>
      <parentid>2832591</parentid>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Young1lim</username>
        <id>21186</id>
      </contributor>
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      <text bytes="2278" sha1="0t2jtfrxlzrpx5u9i146qyfv3onp4w2" xml:space="preserve">&lt;!----------------------------------------------------------------------&gt;

== Flip Flop and Latch ==
* FFLatch.Overview.1.A ([[Media:FFLatch.Overview.1.A.20111103.pdf|pdf]])
* Counter.74LS193.1.A ([[Media:Counter.74LS193.1.A.20111108.pdf|pdf]])
* Clock.Overview.1.A ([[Media:Clock.Overview.1.A.20111108.pdf|pdf]])
* Function.Overview.1.A ([[Media:Function.Overview.1.A.20111201.pdf|pdf]])
&lt;br&gt; 

== Versions of VHDL ==
* VHDL Versions ([[Media:VHDL.1.A.Versions.20120619.pdf|pdf]])
* VHDL Libraries ([[Media:VHDL.1.A.Libraries.20140219.pdf|pdf]])
&lt;br&gt;

== Basic Features of VHDL ==
==== Data ====
* Data Objects ([[Media:Data.Object.1A.20260911.pdf|A]], [[Media:Data.Object.1B.20260602.pdf|B]])
* Data Types ([[Media:Data.Type.2A.20260602.pdf|A]], [[Media:Data.Type.2B.20260602.pdf|B]])
* Packages ([[Media:Data.Package.3A.20251206.pdf|pdf]])
* Signal Types ([[Media:Signal.Type.1A.20250614.pdf|pdf]])
* Attributes ([[Media:Data.4.A.Attribute.20251021.pdf|pdf]])
&lt;br&gt;

==== Signals &amp; Variables ====
* Signals &amp; Variables ([[Media:Signal.1A.SigVar.20250614.pdf|pdf]])
* Sequential Signal Assignments ([[Media:Signal.4A.Sequential.20250612.pdf|pdf]])
* Concurrent &amp; Sequential Signal Assignments ([[Media:Signal.1.A.ConSeq.20120611.pdf|pdf]])
* Inertial &amp; Transport Delay Models ([[Media:Signal.2.A.InertTrans.20120704.pdf|pdf]])
* Simulation &amp; Synthesis ([[Media:Signal.3.A.SimSyn.20120504.pdf|pdf]])


&lt;br&gt;

==== Structure ====
* Component ([[Media:Struct.1.A.Component.20120804.pdf|pdf]])
* Configuration ([[Media:Struct.1.A.Configuration.20121003.pdf|pdf]])
* Generic ([[Media:Struct.1.A.Generic.20120802.pdf|pdf]])
&lt;/br&gt;

==== Entity and Architecture ====

&lt;br&gt; 
==== Block Statement ====

&lt;br&gt; 
==== Process Statement ====

&lt;br&gt;
==== Operators ====

&lt;br&gt;
==== Assignment Statement ====

&lt;br&gt; 
==== Concurrent Statement ====

&lt;br&gt; 
==== Sequential Control Statement ====

&lt;br&gt;
==== Function ====
* Function.1.A Usage ([[Media:Function.1.A.Usage.20120611.pdf|pdf]])
* Function.2.A Conversion Function ([[Media:Function.2.A.Conversion.pdf|pdf]])
* Function.3.A Resolution Function ([[Media:Function.3.A.Resolution.pdf|pdf]])

&lt;br&gt;
==== Procedure ====


&lt;br&gt;
==== Package ====
&lt;/br&gt; 
go to [ [[Electrical_%26_Computer_Engineering_Studies]] ]

[[Category:VHDL]]
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      <text bytes="2278" sha1="dnrkwf40us511tjv6h77nx3h0vz660n" xml:space="preserve">&lt;!----------------------------------------------------------------------&gt;

== Flip Flop and Latch ==
* FFLatch.Overview.1.A ([[Media:FFLatch.Overview.1.A.20111103.pdf|pdf]])
* Counter.74LS193.1.A ([[Media:Counter.74LS193.1.A.20111108.pdf|pdf]])
* Clock.Overview.1.A ([[Media:Clock.Overview.1.A.20111108.pdf|pdf]])
* Function.Overview.1.A ([[Media:Function.Overview.1.A.20111201.pdf|pdf]])
&lt;br&gt; 

== Versions of VHDL ==
* VHDL Versions ([[Media:VHDL.1.A.Versions.20120619.pdf|pdf]])
* VHDL Libraries ([[Media:VHDL.1.A.Libraries.20140219.pdf|pdf]])
&lt;br&gt;

== Basic Features of VHDL ==
==== Data ====
* Data Objects ([[Media:Data.Object.1A.20260912.pdf|A]], [[Media:Data.Object.1B.20260602.pdf|B]])
* Data Types ([[Media:Data.Type.2A.20260602.pdf|A]], [[Media:Data.Type.2B.20260602.pdf|B]])
* Packages ([[Media:Data.Package.3A.20251206.pdf|pdf]])
* Signal Types ([[Media:Signal.Type.1A.20250614.pdf|pdf]])
* Attributes ([[Media:Data.4.A.Attribute.20251021.pdf|pdf]])
&lt;br&gt;

==== Signals &amp; Variables ====
* Signals &amp; Variables ([[Media:Signal.1A.SigVar.20250614.pdf|pdf]])
* Sequential Signal Assignments ([[Media:Signal.4A.Sequential.20250612.pdf|pdf]])
* Concurrent &amp; Sequential Signal Assignments ([[Media:Signal.1.A.ConSeq.20120611.pdf|pdf]])
* Inertial &amp; Transport Delay Models ([[Media:Signal.2.A.InertTrans.20120704.pdf|pdf]])
* Simulation &amp; Synthesis ([[Media:Signal.3.A.SimSyn.20120504.pdf|pdf]])


&lt;br&gt;

==== Structure ====
* Component ([[Media:Struct.1.A.Component.20120804.pdf|pdf]])
* Configuration ([[Media:Struct.1.A.Configuration.20121003.pdf|pdf]])
* Generic ([[Media:Struct.1.A.Generic.20120802.pdf|pdf]])
&lt;/br&gt;

==== Entity and Architecture ====

&lt;br&gt; 
==== Block Statement ====

&lt;br&gt; 
==== Process Statement ====

&lt;br&gt;
==== Operators ====

&lt;br&gt;
==== Assignment Statement ====

&lt;br&gt; 
==== Concurrent Statement ====

&lt;br&gt; 
==== Sequential Control Statement ====

&lt;br&gt;
==== Function ====
* Function.1.A Usage ([[Media:Function.1.A.Usage.20120611.pdf|pdf]])
* Function.2.A Conversion Function ([[Media:Function.2.A.Conversion.pdf|pdf]])
* Function.3.A Resolution Function ([[Media:Function.3.A.Resolution.pdf|pdf]])

&lt;br&gt;
==== Procedure ====


&lt;br&gt;
==== Package ====
&lt;/br&gt; 
go to [ [[Electrical_%26_Computer_Engineering_Studies]] ]

[[Category:VHDL]]
[[Category:FPGA]]</text>
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      <parentid>2833174</parentid>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Young1lim</username>
        <id>21186</id>
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      <text bytes="2278" sha1="c2lev5xxmx8fyjihv8a66z8e24ht87x" xml:space="preserve">&lt;!----------------------------------------------------------------------&gt;

== Flip Flop and Latch ==
* FFLatch.Overview.1.A ([[Media:FFLatch.Overview.1.A.20111103.pdf|pdf]])
* Counter.74LS193.1.A ([[Media:Counter.74LS193.1.A.20111108.pdf|pdf]])
* Clock.Overview.1.A ([[Media:Clock.Overview.1.A.20111108.pdf|pdf]])
* Function.Overview.1.A ([[Media:Function.Overview.1.A.20111201.pdf|pdf]])
&lt;br&gt; 

== Versions of VHDL ==
* VHDL Versions ([[Media:VHDL.1.A.Versions.20120619.pdf|pdf]])
* VHDL Libraries ([[Media:VHDL.1.A.Libraries.20140219.pdf|pdf]])
&lt;br&gt;

== Basic Features of VHDL ==
==== Data ====
* Data Objects ([[Media:Data.Object.1A.20260914.pdf|A]], [[Media:Data.Object.1B.20260602.pdf|B]])
* Data Types ([[Media:Data.Type.2A.20260602.pdf|A]], [[Media:Data.Type.2B.20260602.pdf|B]])
* Packages ([[Media:Data.Package.3A.20251206.pdf|pdf]])
* Signal Types ([[Media:Signal.Type.1A.20250614.pdf|pdf]])
* Attributes ([[Media:Data.4.A.Attribute.20251021.pdf|pdf]])
&lt;br&gt;

==== Signals &amp; Variables ====
* Signals &amp; Variables ([[Media:Signal.1A.SigVar.20250614.pdf|pdf]])
* Sequential Signal Assignments ([[Media:Signal.4A.Sequential.20250612.pdf|pdf]])
* Concurrent &amp; Sequential Signal Assignments ([[Media:Signal.1.A.ConSeq.20120611.pdf|pdf]])
* Inertial &amp; Transport Delay Models ([[Media:Signal.2.A.InertTrans.20120704.pdf|pdf]])
* Simulation &amp; Synthesis ([[Media:Signal.3.A.SimSyn.20120504.pdf|pdf]])


&lt;br&gt;

==== Structure ====
* Component ([[Media:Struct.1.A.Component.20120804.pdf|pdf]])
* Configuration ([[Media:Struct.1.A.Configuration.20121003.pdf|pdf]])
* Generic ([[Media:Struct.1.A.Generic.20120802.pdf|pdf]])
&lt;/br&gt;

==== Entity and Architecture ====

&lt;br&gt; 
==== Block Statement ====

&lt;br&gt; 
==== Process Statement ====

&lt;br&gt;
==== Operators ====

&lt;br&gt;
==== Assignment Statement ====

&lt;br&gt; 
==== Concurrent Statement ====

&lt;br&gt; 
==== Sequential Control Statement ====

&lt;br&gt;
==== Function ====
* Function.1.A Usage ([[Media:Function.1.A.Usage.20120611.pdf|pdf]])
* Function.2.A Conversion Function ([[Media:Function.2.A.Conversion.pdf|pdf]])
* Function.3.A Resolution Function ([[Media:Function.3.A.Resolution.pdf|pdf]])

&lt;br&gt;
==== Procedure ====


&lt;br&gt;
==== Package ====
&lt;/br&gt; 
go to [ [[Electrical_%26_Computer_Engineering_Studies]] ]

[[Category:VHDL]]
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  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia/Types of user accounts</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Codename Noreste</username>
        <id>2969951</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Bureaucrats */ Only stewards and global renamers can rename users; grammar changes. ([[:m:User:Max/MaxEdit.js|MaxEdit]])</comment>
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      <text bytes="5849" sha1="1tqe46iyfxsyegbglqe5dwzc8uqolex" xml:space="preserve">{{Template:Writing an article on Wikipedia navigation|module=1|nextpage=The language of Wikipedia}}
In a sense, on Wikipedia, all users are equal: all people contributing to the project are expected to stick to the same rules, and when it comes time to discuss how to manage issues, all contributors have an equal voice. That said, there is a difference in what different contributors can do, and that is where this lesson comes into play.

== IP editors ==
Anyone editing without first creating an account is identified by their [[w:IP address|IP address]]. An IP address is a series of numbers which identify the network location of your computer. As such, IP editors lose a certain degree of privacy, as depending on the circumstances that IP address can be used to discover the country, city and potentially the location from which the contributor is accessing Wikipedia. Along with the reduction in privacy, IP addresses often change, and as a result it is difficult for someone editing without an account to build a reputation as a valued contributor.

In terms of editing, IP editors can edit any [[w:Wikipedia:Protection policy|unprotected page]]. However, they are unable to create new pages or upload files, and their edits tend to be given special attention by those looking at [[w:Special:RecentChanges|recent changes]].

== New accounts ==
New users are able to make changes to unprotected resources (which is the default status for the vast majority of pages), but are not able to edit protected resources or to upload files. By having an account, they are no longer identified by their IP address, which provides a greater degree of privacy. The single account name also makes it easier for contributors to build a positive reputation and relationships with other contributors.

The [[m:Help:Unified login|unified login]] (SUL) process permits users with an account to have a common username across all the [[wmf:Our projects|Wikimedia Foundation projects]]. Thus, the same username and password could be used to log into [[Wikiversity:Welcome|Wikiversity]], [[Wikipedia]], [[wikibooks:Wikibooks:Welcome|Wikibooks]] and [[commons:Commons:Welcome|Wikimedia Commons]], to name four of the projects.

== Autoconfirmed users ==
After four days and 10 edits, most users with a user account are automatically autoconfirmed. This provides them with the ability to upload files, edit semi-protected pages and perform page moves.

== Established users ==
There is no formal definition of an &quot;established user&quot;, and they don't necessarily have any more rights than an autoconfirmed user. In practice, though, an established user is someone who has been around long enough, and have done enough, to build up a bit of a reputation as a valued contributor. Established users may take on extra responsibilities, such as mentoring new editors, and they may gain extra user rights, such as [[w:Wikipedia:Rollback feature|rollback]] and [[wikipedia:Wikipedia:Autopatrolled|autopatrolled]], but the main advantage is that these are people who have been around for long enough to know how things work, understand the privacy policy, and have demonstrated that they are able to work within Wikipedia's framework.

== Administrators ==
Administrators are, (as their name would suggest), responsible for administrative actions, such as [[w:Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocking and unblocking accounts]], [[w:Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deleting and restoring pages and files]], and [[w:Wikipedia:Protection policy|protecting and unprotecting]] content. As these tasks are both essential and open to misuse, custodians are carefully selected by the Wikipedia community. Administrators need to be trusted contributors who have demonstrated that they understand Wikiversity's policies and are able to interpret [[w:Wikipedia:Consensus|consensus]] accurately and consistently. As a result, the community has big expectations of administrators, such that it is expected that contributors have at least 6 months experience and over 2000 edits before applying for the role.

It is important to note that administrators may have extra tools that they can employ, but in terms of finding consensus they are no more able to direct debate than any other contributor. The administrator role is an important one, but determining policy, selecting administrators and engaging in debate are things that all contributors are encouraged to take part in as equal members of the community.

== Checkusers ==
CheckUsers have the ability to compare user accounts and IP addresses to determine if they are being used by the same people. Abusing accounts, in particular to get around a block or ban, or to lend the appearance of additional support in a debate, is not permitted on Wikipedia, and the CheckUsers have access to the tools required to investigate where such abuse is suspected. However, doing so requires that CheckUsers have access to potentially private information, such as the IP address from which a registered account is being used. Thus they are limited to highly trusted members of the community, who must be over 18 years of age, are required to provide identification to the Wikimedia Foundation, and who must work within the [[wmf:Privacy policy|privacy policy]].

== Bureaucrats ==
Bureaucrats are primarily responsible for determining consensus and deciding whether or not to promote someone to administrator or bureaucrat; they can also permit [[Wikiversity:Bots|bots]] to operate. As with custodians, bureaucrats are expected to have a deep understanding of Wikipedia's processes, and are highly trusted members of the community.

== Further reading ==
* [[w:Wikipedia:Who writes Wikipedia|Wikipedia:Who writes Wikipedia]]
* [[w:Wikipedia:Wikipedians|Wikipedia:Wikipedians]]
* [[w:Wikipedia:User access levels|Wikipedia:User access levels]]

{{CourseCat}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Reverse genetics</title>
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      <id>2833245</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-15T03:00:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Michael Ten</username>
        <id>654933</id>
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      <text bytes="9593" sha1="l3l4yeokc9jzwan7lfvn1a674izumxb" xml:space="preserve">[[Image:ReverseGeneticsFlu.svg|thumbnail|300px|[[Avian Flu]] [[vaccine]] development by Reverse Genetics techniques. Courtesy: [[National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases]]]] 
'''Reverse genetics''' is an approach to discovering the function of a [[gene]] by analyzing the phenotypic effects of specific gene sequences obtained by [[DNA sequencing]]. This investigative process proceeds in the opposite direction of so-called [[forward genetics|forward genetic]] screens of [[classical genetics]]. Simply put, while forward genetics seeks to find the genetic basis of a [[phenotype]] or trait, reverse genetics seeks to find what phenotypes arise as a result of particular genes.

Automated [[sequencing|DNA sequencing]] generates large volumes of [[genomics|genomic]] sequence data relatively rapidly. Many genetic sequences are discovered in advance of other, less easily obtained, biological information. Reverse genetics attempts to connect a given genetic sequence with specific effects on the organism.

==Techniques used in reverse genetics==
To learn the influence a sequence has on phenotype, or to discover its biological function, researchers can engineer a change or disruption in the DNA.  After this change has been made a researcher can look for the effect of such alterations in the whole organism. There are several different methods of reverse genetics that have proved useful:

===Directed deletions and point mutations===
[[Site-directed mutagenesis]] is a sophisticated technique that can either change regulatory regions in the [[promotor (biology)|promoter]] of a gene or make subtle [[codon]] changes in the [[open reading frame]] to identify important amino residues for [[protein]] function.  

Alternatively, the technique can be used to create [[null allele]]s so that the gene is not functional.  For example, deletion of a gene by [[gene targeting]] ('''[[gene knockout]]''') can be done in some organisms, such as [[yeast]], [[knockout mouse|mice]] and [[moss]]. Unique among plants, in ''[[Physcomitrella patens]]'', gene knockout via [[homologous recombination]] to
create [[Knockout Moss|knockout moss]] is nearly as efficient as in yeast.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |author=Reski R |authorlink=Ralf Reski |title=Physcomitrella and Arabidopsis: the David and Goliath of reverse genetics |journal=Trends Plant Sci |volume=3 |pages=209–210 |year=1998 |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&amp;_udi=B6TD1-3TDR5V7-5&amp;_user=10&amp;_rdoc=1&amp;_fmt=&amp;_orig=search&amp;_sort=d&amp;view=c&amp;_acct=C000050221&amp;_version=1&amp;_urlVersion=0&amp;_userid=10&amp;md5=814de6be1c3e4db9010cd1d37568f143 |doi=10.1016/S1360-1385(98)01257-6 |issue=6}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the case of the yeast model system directed deletions have been created in every non-essential gene in the yeast genome.&lt;ref name=&quot;Winzeler1999&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last=Winzeler |first=EA |authorlink= |coauthors=''et al.'' |year=1999 |month= |title=Functional characterization of the ''Saccharomyces cervisiae'' genome by precise deletion and parallel analysis |journal=Science |volume=285 |issue=5429 |pages=901–6 |doi=10.1126/science.285.5429.901 |url= |accessdate= |quote= |pmid=10436161 }}&lt;/ref&gt; In the case of the plant [[Scientific modelling|model system]] huge mutant libraries have been created based on gene disruption constructs.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |author=Schween G, Egener T, Fritzkowsky D, Granado J, Guitton M-C, Hartmann N, Hohe A, Holtorf H, Lang D, Lucht JM, Reinhard C, Rensing SA, Schlink K, Schulte J, R Reski |title=Large-scale analysis of 73329 Physcomitrella plants transformed with different gene disruption libraries: Production parameters and mutant phenotypes |journal=Plant Biology |volume=7 |pages=228–237 |year=2005 |url=http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/120129184/abstract |doi=10.1055/s-2005-837692 |pmid=15912442 |issue=3}}&lt;/ref&gt; In '''[[Gene knockin|gene knock-in]]''', the endogenous exon is replaced by an altered sequence of interest.&lt;ref name=Manis&gt;{{cite journal |url=http://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMp0707712 |title=Knock Out, Knock In, Knock Down — Genetically Manipulated Mice and the Nobel Prize |first=John P., M.D. |last=Manis |format=PDF |journal=[[New England Journal of Medicine]] |date=December 13, 2007 |volume=357 |issue=24 |pages=2426–2429 |doi=10.1056/NEJMp0707712 |issn=1533-4406 |oclc=34945333 |publisher=[[Massachusetts Medical Society]] |location=Waltham, MA, USA |accessdate=December 26, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

In some cases conditional alleles can be used so that the gene has normal function until the conditional allele is activated.  This might entail ‘knocking in’ [[Genetic_recombination#Chemistry_of_crossover|recombinase]] sites (such as lox or frt sites) that will cause a deletion at the gene of interest when a specific recombinase (such as CRE, FLP) is induced.  Cre or Flp recombinases can be induced with chemical treatments, heat shock treatments or be restricted to a specific subset of tissues.

Another technique that can be used is TILLING (see [[TILLING (molecular biology)]]). This is a method that combines a standard and efficient technique of mutagenesis with a chemical mutagen such as Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) with a sensitive DNA screening-technique that identifies single base mutations (also called point mutations) in a target gene.

===Gene silencing===
The discovery of [[gene silencing]] using double stranded RNA, also known as [[RNA interference]] (RNAi), and the development of gene knockdown using [[Morpholino]] oligos, have made disrupting gene expression an accessible technique for many more investigators. This method is often referred to as a '''[[gene knockdown]]''' since the effects of these reagents are generally temporary, in contrast to [[gene knockout]]s which are permanent.

RNAi creates a specific knockout effect without actually mutating the DNA of interest. In ''[[Caenorhabditis elegans|C. elegans]]'', RNAi has been used to systematically interfere with the expression of most genes in the genome. RNAi acts by directing cellular systems to degrade target messenger RNA (mRNA).

While [[RNA interference]] relies on cellular components for efficacy (e.g. the Dicer proteins, the RISC complex) a simple alternative for gene knockdown is [[Morpholino]] antisense oligos. Morpholinos bind and block access to the target mRNA without requiring the activity of cellular proteins and without necessarily accelerating mRNA degradation.  Morpholinos are effective in systems ranging in complexity from cell-free translation in a test tube to ''[[in vivo]]'' studies in large animal models.

===Interference using transgenes===
A [[Molecular genetics|molecular genetic]] approach is the creation of [[transgenic]] organisms that [[overexpression|overexpress]] a normal gene of interest. The resulting phenotype may reflect the normal function of the gene. 

Alternatively it is possible to overexpress mutant forms of a gene that interfere with the normal ([[Wild type|wildtype]]) genes function. For example, over expression of a mutant gene may result in high levels of a non-functional protein resulting in a [[Dominant gene|dominant negative]] interaction with the wildtype protein.  In this case the mutant version will out compete for the wildtype proteins partners resulting in a mutant phenotype.

Other mutant forms can result in a protein that is abnormally regulated and constitutively active (‘on’ all the time).  This might be due to removing a regulatory domain or mutating a specific amino residue that is reversibly modified (by [[phosphorylation]] [[methylation]] or [[ubiquitin]]ation).  Either change is critical for modulating protein function and often result in informative phenotypes.

== See also ==
* [[Forward genetics]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

== External links ==
* From the [http://www3.niaid.nih.gov/ National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases] (NIAID) site:
**[http://www3.niaid.nih.gov/healthscience/healthtopics/Flu/Research/ongoingResearch/FluVirusChanges/ReassortmentReverseGenetics.htm Reassortment vs Reverse Genetics]
** [http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/Flu/Research/vaccineResearch/Pages/ReverseGenetics.aspx Reverse Genetics: Building Flu Vaccines Piece by Piece]
* From the [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) site]:
**{{cite journal |author=Neumann G, Hatta M, Kawaoka Y |title=Reverse genetics for the control of avian influenza |journal=Avian Dis. |volume=47 |issue=3 Suppl |pages=882–7 |year=2003 |pmid=14575081 |doi=10.1637/0005-2086-47.s3.882 }}
**{{cite journal |author=Neumann G, Fujii K, Kino Y, Kawaoka Y |title=An improved reverse genetics system for influenza A virus generation and its implications for vaccine production |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=102 |issue=46 |pages=16825–9 |year=2005 |month=November |pmid=16267134 |pmc=1283806 |doi=10.1073/pnas.0505587102 |url=http://www.pnas.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&amp;pmid=16267134}}
**{{cite journal |author=Ozaki H, Govorkova EA, Li C, Xiong X, Webster RG, Webby RJ |title=Generation of high-yielding influenza A viruses in African green monkey kidney (Vero) cells by reverse genetics |journal=J. Virol. |volume=78 |issue=4 |pages=1851–7 |year=2004 |month=February |pmid=14747549 |pmc=369478 |url=http://jvi.asm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&amp;pmid=14747549 |doi=10.1128/JVI.78.4.1851-1857.2004}}

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[[Category:Molecular genetics]]

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I'm Shrikarsan from [[w:ta:முதற்_பக்கம்|tamilského wikipedia]]

எனது பெயர் ஸ்ரீகர்சன். நான் தமிழ் விக்கிப்பீடியாவில் பங்களிக்கின்றேன்.

* My User Pagelaran in Tamil Wikipedia. →[[w:ta:User:Shrikarsan|Shrikarsan]]
* My User Page in English Wikipedia. → tác[[w:en:User:Shrikarsan|Shrikarsan]]
* My User Page in Simple English Wikipedia. → tací Languag-e[[w:simple:User:Shrikarsan|Shrikarsan]]
* My User Page in Sinhala Wikipedia. → [[w:si:User:Shrikarsan|Shrikarsan]]entah itu👉 pksl
* My User Page in Hausa Wikipedia. → [[w:ha:User:Shrikarsan|Shrikarsan]]
* My User Page in IsiZulu Wikipedia. → [[w:zu:User:Shrikarsan|Shrikarsan]]
* My User Page in Igbo Wikipedia. → [[w:ig:User:Shrikarsan|Shrikarsan]]</text>
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      <text bytes="40222" sha1="5696zn56fdvrz0lvl3xs57pxw8bqm82" xml:space="preserve">{{Archive box|[[/2014/]] · [[/2015/]] · [[/2016/]] · [[/2017/]] · [[/2018/]] · [[/2019/]] · [[/2020/]] · [[/2021/]] · [[/2022/]] · [[/2023/]] · [[/2024/]] · [[/2025/]]}}
__TOC__
{{Clear}}

== Tech News: 2026-31 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W31&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/31|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ContentTranslation|Content Translation]] now supports dark mode, fulfilling a [[m:Community Wishlist/W544|Community Wishlist request]]. This brings the tool in line with the accessibility features available in the Vector 2022 and Minerva skins, helping reduce visual fatigue for users translating content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367077]
* DiscussionTools' source mode and the 2017 wikitext editor will now offer autocomplete for links (&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;), templates (&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;), HTML and parser tags (&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;), and magic words (&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;__&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;), making it quicker and easier to insert links, templates, and other wiki markup while editing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T432400]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Readers Growth team]] has concluded its experiment with mobile page previews and will not roll out the feature. Page Previews are a pop-up bottom sheet that appears when readers tap a blue link, showing a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and an option to open the article. The experiment showed flat retention and negative indicator metrics, suggesting that mobile web readers preferred navigating directly to linked articles rather than using page previews.
* The Reader Experience team has seen encouraging early results from the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists feature]], with 93% of participating users reporting that it was useful. Reading Lists help active readers save articles for future reading and support their learning goals on Wikimedia projects. The team plans further improvements before expanding the feature to more users.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh|Explore Feed Refresh]] initiative was tested with new and casual Wikipedia app readers. The refreshed feed helps readers discover new and relevant content. After a 10.5% increase in engagement with the feed, Wikimedia Apps team has decided to scale the Home Feed redesign to iOS with the learnings from the Android release applied.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where subject names in the Article Guidance feature were displayed with incorrect capitalization on French Wikipedia, has now been fixed. Subject names will now follow the correct capitalization rules for the language. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427201]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* After running several [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|Account Creation Experiments]] to improve registration completion rates, a new version of the username field on [[Special:CreateAccount|Create Account]] has been rolled out. It includes [[:c:File:Create account - July 2026 updates.png|a popover summarizing the username policy]] to provide clearer guidance during account creation. As part of this change, the messages &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;createacct-helpusername&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;createacct-username-help&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; that several communities have configured will no longer be used. If communities want to customize the guidance shown in the new popover, they can instead edit the following messages: &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet1&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet2&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet3&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T430604]
* Later this week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror syntax highlighter]] will offer [[w:en:Theme (computing)|themes]]. The themes can be picked from a dropdown menu in the full [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#CodeMirror preferences|CodeMirror preferences]] dialog. For wikitext, available themes are default, colorblind-friendly (previously the colorblind preference option on [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing]]) and no-highlighting. For code languages (i.e., CSS/JavaScript/JSON/Vue/Lua), there are several themes available. These same themes will eventually be available for wikitext, too. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T163533]
* From now on, wikis can restrict editing in the &quot;User&quot; namespace to only the page owner and certain user groups. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:$wgRestrictUserPageEditing|Read the configuration documentation]] to learn more.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.14|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/31|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W31&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 18:49, 27 July 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-32 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W32&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/32|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] has developed a [https://82db7c8d4b.catalyst.wmcloud.org/w/index.php?title=Regent%27s_Park&amp;uselang=de patch demo] that wraps the page toolbar onto two lines when there is not enough horizontal space for all the buttons. This aims to reduce crowding in the Vector 2022 toolbar, which can occur on some language Wikipedias at certain screen widths. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429518]
* The Reader Experience team is planning to launch [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]], a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Mobile and apps/Have Apps reading lists available on Destop/Mobile|Community Wishlist item]], which is currently available to try in beta, as a full feature in September. Before then, volunteer translator help is needed for [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;group=ext-readinglists&amp;filter=&amp;action=translate string translations] into a number of languages. The feature supports reading and learning goals on Wikipedia.
* Next week, the table of contents on Wikimedia Commons file pages will be improved by consolidating the file page table of contents with the page table of contents. This will make it easier to understand a file page’s structure, navigate to specific sections, and share links to individual sections. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332644]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where some [[w:TIFF|TIFF]] images failed to load after clicking their thumbnail, causing a broken image to be displayed instead of the full-size image, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429326]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The variable and function selector in AbuseFilter has been updated to support search and autocomplete. It will allow filter maintainers to find the desired variable or function more quickly. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T323698]
* The MJPEG and VP8 formats are removed from the video player. The MP4 format (MPEG-4 Part 2) is added instead, which provides higher quality videos to older iPhone devices. It may take a few weeks to retroactively update all existing videos. The default format for modern devices stays the same (VP9/WebM). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358266]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.15|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/32|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W32&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:46, 3 August 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30872536 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2026-33 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W33&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/33|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new ChartWizard is [[c:Special:ChartWizard/Data:Example.Pie.chart|now available on Wikimedia Commons]] for users interested in creating charts from their own data. The wizard makes the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] more beginner-friendly by allowing editors to create charts, such as bar and pie charts, without needing to use JSON. Users can still switch to the JSON editor if they prefer. Feedback on the new tool is welcome on the [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist/W414|wish talk page]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the Wikipedia iOS app’s Picture of the Day widget displayed the same image every day instead of updating daily, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T430692]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Math|Math formula]] SVG images will soon be generated in the browser instead of on the server. MathML continues to be generated on the server and renders in the browser without JavaScript. Wikibooks will see this change on 12 August, Wikisource on 19 August and Wikipedia from 20-27 August. You can try this by selecting &quot;{{int:Mw-math-mathjax}}&quot; in your preferences. This change is part of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase/deprecation|deprecating RESTBase]] and [[phab:T431372|deprecating Mathoid]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271001]
* Category pages will soon support sorting entries by the time they are added to a category. This will make it easier to find recently or long-standing categorized pages. It will also improve workflows for maintenance categories such as deletion backlogs and other time-based review tasks. You can use &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;cldsort=timestamp&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; URL argument in category view to sort the entries. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433768]
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] and user scripts on Wikimedia wikis may now use [[phab:T395347|ES2018 features]] and [[phab:T419142|ES2019 features]] in JavaScript code. Previously, the platform only allowed up to ES2017. MediaWiki validates the source code to protect functionality from syntax errors and to ensure scripts are valid in all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Compatibility#Browser_support_matrix|supported browsers]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419142]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.16|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/33|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W33&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:45, 10 August 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30901051 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2026-34 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W34&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/34|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Worklist|Worklist feature]] for the Event Registration tool is now live on all Wikimedia wikis. With Worklist, event organizers can add the articles their event will focus on directly to the event page. The Worklist also powers [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Worklist#How Event Pathways uses the worklist|Event Pathways]] which notifies other editors of the upcoming or ongoing event when they edit an article featured in the event's Worklist. This is the minimum viable version (MVP), and feedback is welcome. Organizers are encouraged to try the feature. A hands-on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Worklist Setup Workshop: Get Your Event Ready|Worklist Setup Workshop]] will take place on 18 August at 16:00 UTC and 19 August at 11:00 UTC.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[Special:ShortPages]] displays short pages by their size, but in many cases it gets filled with disambiguations and soft redirects, making it harder to find the short articles themselves. Starting this weekend, you will be able to choose not to include an article in the special page by adding the magic word &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;__EXPECTSHORTPAGE__&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433203]
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q3436680|Bole]] ([[w:bol:|&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;w:bol:&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429921]
* Starting the week of August 17, the page toolbar will wrap onto two lines when there is not enough horizontal space for all the buttons. This is a [[phab:T429518|fully merged patch from the Reader Experience team]] which aims to reduce crowding in the Vector 2022 toolbar, that may occur on some language Wikipedias at certain screen widths.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:16}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:16|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, uploading large files to Wikimedia Commons has become more stable and less prone to failure following some fixes related to the “Could not acquire lock” upload error. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386640]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Debian Bullseye will reach the end of its Long Term Support on 31 August 2026. [[phab:T434103|Some Cloud VPS projects]] still have instances running Debian Bullseye. Maintainers of those projects are encouraged to migrate to Debian Bookworm or Debian Trixie. A [[wikitech:Help:Cloud VPS instance operating system migration|migration guide]] is available to help with the process, and users may also want to consider whether their workload is better suited to Toolforge. If you need help or cannot complete the migration by 31 August, please contact the Cloud VPS admins as soon as possible. [[listarchive:list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/RVIPQSYLKMSL5M46JP6NEJVGVE6I2RXQ/|Read more]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.16|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/34|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W34&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:03, 17 August 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-35 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W35&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[Special:CreateAccount|Special:CreateAccount]] page has been simplified as part of ongoing work to modernize the account creation experience. The panel showing project statistics no longer appears next to the form on desktop and mobile web. Multiple account creation experiments show that a simpler form helps newcomers complete registration. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433783]
* In order to improve page performance, images now load when they are viewed. This means images lower down an article will not load if a reader never scrolls to that part of the page, which may affect some image-related metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T148047]

* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:42}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:42|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where image thumbnails in Abstract Wikipedia could fail to display after the corresponding file was moved on Wikimedia Commons, has now been fixed. Thumbnails will now update correctly when files are moved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433448]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* User Info card is a feature that helps patrollers see information about user accounts. So far, it has been available only in places such as page history, logs and recent changes. Now, it's possible to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CheckUser#User_Info_card_in_page_content|place it in the page content]] as well, using the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{#uic:}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; parser function. It can be particularly useful in templates like [[:en:Template:Userlinks|&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Userlinks}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;]] (or their specialized variants), as it will make it easier to see the context about a user on various noticeboard pages. The card will be displayed only to users who have it enabled in their [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpcheckuser-userinfocard-enable|preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424466]
* Due to user security and privacy risks, we have disabled access to &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;Special:MyPage&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; URLs when specifically using &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;action=raw&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. If you are impacted by this, consider whether you can use an alternative approach. &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;Special:MyPage&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; URLs can still be accessed and used without &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;action=raw&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. Specified user page URLs (e.g. &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;User:Myusername&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;) can still be used with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;action=raw&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T120386]
* Due to an update, the thumbnailing software has been improved. This includes upgrading &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;librsvg&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; to 2.60 and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;ImageMagick&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; to 7, as well as resolving a number of long-standing thumbnailing bugs like rendering errors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419815#12222841]

* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.17|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W35&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:45, 24 August 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-36 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W36&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/36|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* A new format for the Community Wishlist is open for feedback. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Community Wishlist 2027|read the proposed ideas on Meta]]. This new process plans to improve how wishes are triaged, voted on, and prioritized in a way that is transparent and balanced across project families and language editions. This consultation is open for two weeks.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The latest release of the Wikipedia Android app includes updates to the Saved feature, bringing the app’s saving experience closer to iOS and Web. The update redesigns the Saved tab with an “All articles” view, removes the default “Saved” reading list, renames reading lists to “Collections,” and modernizes the article-saving experience. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420788]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]] feature was enabled for all logged-in users on Bengali, Chinese, Czech and Vietnamese Wikipedias on August 25, after several months as a beta feature. Reading Lists will be available to all logged-in users on Arabic, French and Indonesian Wikipedias on September 1, followed by English Wikipedia on September 14, and all other Wikipedia wikis on September 28.
* At the end of the month, some logged-out readers on Bengali, Czech, Persian, English, and Polish Wikipedias using the Minerva skin on mobile will see an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Minimal_Minerva|updated navigation bar]] in an [[w:A/B test|A/B test]]. The test will compare the current navigation bar with a new version designed to make it easier to find information more quickly. The goal is to determine whether these changes encourage readers to return more often. This experiment will not change the experience for logged-in readers and/or editors.
* Editors who maintain redirects, templates, and categories used on redirect pages now have improved ways for finding and curating redirects. Previously, redirects pages could not be searched. Two new search keywords, &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;onlyredirects:&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;withredirects:&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, now allow redirects to be searched directly and can be combined with existing keywords such as &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;incategory:&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;intitle:&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;insource:&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T204089]
* The ISBN lookup tools for generating citations were recently not working because of external service problems. Developers are working on solutions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435179]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where searching for pages by category using &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;deepcat&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; could return no results or unrelated results has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414859]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The domain of URLs for thumbnails is changing from upload.wikimedia.org to thumb.wikimedia.org. The old URLs will continue to work for the foreseeable future but MediaWiki will advertise the new domain instead. URLs to other types of media such as original files, videos and transcodes will still be served from upload.wikimedia.org. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427465]
* The Wikimedia [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?api=wmf-math%2Fv1&amp;title=Special%3ARestSandbox Math API] is now deprecated. These endpoints will be fully sunset by the end of September 2026. Developers who call these endpoints should transition to alternative math rendering solutions, such as the native [https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/MathML MathML] or [https://www.mathjax.org/ MathJax]. Third-party MediaWiki installations that utilize the Math extension for formula rendering are required to upgrade to v1.43+ to avoid disruption of service.

* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.18|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* Read more about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check/TextMatch|TextMatch]] in a Diff post titled, [[diffblog:2026/08/28/custom-edit-suggestions-for-every-wiki-how-communities-are-shaping-suggestion-mode-with-textmatch/|Custom edit suggestions for every wiki: How communities are shaping Suggestion Mode with TextMatch]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/36|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W36&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:53, 31 August 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-37 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W37&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/37|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add_a_link|Add a Link]] has been upgraded for English Wikipedia users with improved detection of links that have different capitalization. This will help reduce ambiguous suggestions caused by differences in capitalization in article titles, including articles about cultural goods. A second phase of improvements is planned, which will also prepare the feature for release in other languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435526#12240876] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T434259]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article_guidance|Article guidance]] feature will be enabled by default for junior editors on Simple English and Turkish Wikipedia starting 10 September 2026 following [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article_guidance/Updates#Summary_of_experiment_result|an experiment]]. Junior editors with 0 to 99 edits will automatically see the feature when they click a red link or use the &quot;[[tr:Vikipedi:Madde_sihirbazı|Madde oluşturto]]&quot; option on Turkish Wikipedia to create a new article. The change is intended to help junior editors create higher-quality articles that meet each Wikipedia’s standards. [[phab:maniphest/query/z3tcTjmLMxk5/#R|Additional improvements]] will continue based on the experiment results and community feedback.
* The [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org Pageviews Analysis] tool which allows users to compare pageviews across multiple pages, turns 10 years old this year and several new features have been added. They include [[toolforge:wikinav|WikiNav]] which provides insights into how readers of Wikipedia explore the content, editing stats in [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org/siteviews?range=latest-30&amp;sites=en.wikipedia.org Siteviews], the ability to [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org/massviews?source=wikiproject&amp;project=en.wikipedia.org lookup articles belonging to a WikiProject], and support for dark mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378549]
* A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Minimal_Minerva|visually simplified Minerva]] navigation bar is being tested for logged-out readers using mobile web on the Bengali, Czech, English, Farsi, and Polish Wikipedias. The experiment aims to determine whether simplifying the navigation improves reader retention. The test will run from August 31 to September 28, and no action is required from users.
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] is working on improving [[en:Wikipedia:VisualEditor/Named references|auto-generated reference names in VisualEditor]]. Editors will only notice a slight change starting this week. When adding automatic reference names the numbering will start at &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;:1&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; instead of &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;:0&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. Read more on the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|project page]]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/VisualEditor/VisualEditor/+/1332704]
*  All wikis will be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|read-only for a few minutes]] on September 23. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433363]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] could mishandle nested nowiki tags, causing content to be lost and displaying unwanted text has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435116]
'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Interface administrators can configure gadgets from [[MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition]]. The definition format has been updated and no longer requires the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;ResourceLoader&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; option, as gadgets are always loaded through &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;ResourceLoader&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. This simplifies gadget configuration by removing an option that is no longer necessary, making gadget definitions easier for administrators. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298199]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.19|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/37|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W37&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 18:44, 7 September 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-38 ==
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W38&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/38|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Future Audiences team has started a [[en:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia:Village pump (proposals)#New proposed experiment to let readers know about “Google preferred sources”|discussion on English Wikipedia]] about a proposed new experiment to show a temporary notice about the new [https://blog.google/products-and-platforms/products/search/original-high-quality-content-search/ Google Preferred Sources] feature to Wikipedia readers coming from Google. The experiment is to test whether this notice makes visitors come back to Wikipedia more often. Preferred Sources feature lets users choose websites they trust so Google can highlight content from those sources more prominently in Search and AI experiences. We are interested in testing this on other languages that Google supports and would welcome assistance with starting conversations on other wikis. If interested, please reach out to Future Audiences on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Preferred sources|talk page]].

'''Updates for editors'''
* The chat platform Discord is releasing a new self-service framework that websites can use to specify how their links should look when shared on Discord. The Future Audiences team is planning to start using this new framework to improve how Wikipedia links look when shared on Discord, giving better attribution and credit to contributors. The link appearance and behavior won't change in the first phase of this project as we want to first collect some baseline data to assess the impact of future changes. However, if community members who are active on Discord spot any issues, they can reach out on [[phab:tag/future-audiences/|Phabricator]] or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences|Metawiki]].
* The Reader Growth team will be running an experiment to test whether [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Compact Lead|compacting article lead sections on mobiles]] with the addition of a &quot;read more&quot; button improves reader retention. The test will begin on September 17 on Arabic, Spanish, French, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Portuguese, Vietnamese, and Chinese Wikipedias and will run for four weeks.
* All wikis will be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|read-only for a few minutes]] on September 23. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433363]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where [https://wikistats.wmcloud.org/ Wikistats] for Wikipedias was returning an HTTP 500 error and could not be reached, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435959]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Developers who maintain a tool that queries the Wikimedia Commons links tables need to update their code to connect to the new x4 database cluster. The links tables have been moved from the s4 cluster to x4, and will no longer receive updates on s4. The page and redirect tables remain available on both clusters. A wiki replica for the x4 cluster will be set up afterwards. The change is being made because the s4 cluster has grown too large to operate efficiently. You can [[wikitech:Special:MyLanguage/News/2026 Commons links tables database split|read more]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.20|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/38|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W38&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 15:31, 14 September 2026 (UTC)
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      <sha1>5696zn56fdvrz0lvl3xs57pxw8bqm82</sha1>
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    <title>Motivation and emotion/Lectures/Individual emotions</title>
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      <comment>Update for 2026</comment>
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      <text bytes="7641" sha1="q7san00dwi54nde8t85ekqj5dlnc7tw" xml:space="preserve">{{Motivation and emotion/Lectures|Lecture 9: Individual emotions|ninth}}
{{Motivation and emotion/Lectures/In development}}
&lt;!-- {{Motivation and emotion/Lectures/In development}} --&gt;
&lt;!-- {{Motivation and emotion/Lectures/Complete}} --&gt;

==Overview==
[[File:Emotion collage.png|right|300px]]

This lecture discusses 20 specific emotions, including:
* what causes them,
* how they are expressed, and 
* what they motivate.

Take-home messages:
* Emotions are purposeful—they guide action tendencies towards adaptive functional response
* Learning about the causes, functions, and consequences of individual emotions expands emotion knowledge and makes adaptive responses to different situations more likely

==Outline==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; table-layout:fixed;&quot;
! style=&quot;width:33%;&quot; | Basic (7)
! style=&quot;width:33%;&quot; | Self-conscious (5)
! style=&quot;width:33%;&quot; | Cognitively complex (8)
|-
| Fear
| Shame
| Envy
|-
| Anger
| Guilt
| Gratitude
|-
| Disgust
| Embarrassment
| Disappointment
|-
| Contempt
| Pride
| Regret
|-
| Sadness
| Triumph
| Hope
|-
| Interest
| 
| Schadenfreude
|-
| Joy
| 
| Empathy
|-
| 
| 
| Compassion
|}

==Motivations generated by specific emotions==
Typical motivational urges generated (i.e., functions served) by specific emotions are shown in Table 1.

'''Table 1'''

''Motivational Urges Generated by Specific Emotions'' (based on Reeve (2018, p. 340))
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|'''Emotion'''
|'''Motivational urge'''
|-
|'''Basic'''
|
|-
|[[:Category:Motivation and emotion/Book/Fear|Fear]]
|Flee; protect oneself
|-
|[[:Category:Motivation and emotion/Book/Fear|Anger]]
|Overcome obstacles; right an illegitimate wrong
|-
|[[:Category:Motivation and emotion/Book/Disgust|Disgust]]
|Reject; get rid of; get away from
|-
|[[:Category:Motivation and emotion/Book/Contempt|Contempt]]
|Maintain dominance and social hierarchy
|-
|[[:Category:Motivation and emotion/Book/Sadness|Sadness]]
|Repair a loss or failure
|-
|[[:Category:Motivation and emotion/Book/Joy|Joy]]
|Continue goal striving; play; engage in social interaction
|-
|[[:Category:Motivation and emotion/Book/Interest|Interest]]
|Explore; seek; acquire new information; learn
|-
|'''Self-conscious'''
|
|-
|[[:Category:Motivation and emotion/Book/Shame|Shame]]
|Restore the self; protect the self
|-
|[[:Category:Motivation and emotion/Book/Guilt|Guilt]]
|Make amends
|-
|[[:Category:Motivation and emotion/Book/Embarrassment|Embarrassment]]
|Appease others; communicate blunder was unintended
|-
|[[:Category:Motivation and emotion/Book/Pride|Pride]]
|Authentic: Acquire further skill; persist at challenging tasks
Hubristic: Self-inflation to boost self-esteem and social standing
|-
|[[:Category:Motivation and emotion/Book/Triumph|Triumph]]
|Display dominance and power over the defeated
|-
|'''Cognitively complex'''
|
|-
|[[:Category:Motivation and emotion/Book/Envy|Envy]]
|Benign: Move up; improve one’s position.
Malicious: Tear down; reduce another's position
|-
|[[:Category:Motivation and emotion/Book/Gratitude|Gratitude]]
|Act prosocially; grow the relationship
|-
|[[:Category:Motivation and emotion/Book/Disappointment|Disappointment]]
|Give up; helplessness
|-
|[[:Category:Motivation and emotion/Book/Regret|Regret]]
|Undo a poor decision or behaviour
|-
|[[:Category:Motivation and emotion/Book/Hope|Hope]]
|Keep engaged in pursuit of a desired goal
|-
|[[:Category:Motivation and emotion/Book/Schadenfreude|Schadenfreude]]
|Reinforce feelings of superiority
|-
|[[:Category:Motivation and emotion/Book/Empathy|Empathy]]
|Act prosocially; help the other
|-
|[[:Category:Motivation and emotion/Book/Compassion|Compassion]]
|Reduce suffering
|}
''Note''. Links go to categories which list relevant [[Motivation and emotion/Book|motivation and emotion book chapters]]. Also see the table of individual emotions with definitions and links to corresponding Wikipedia articles in the [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/20 emotions#Individual emotions|20 emotions tutorial]].

==Readings==
* Chapter 14: Individual emotions ([[Motivation and emotion/Readings/Textbooks/Reeve/2018|Reeve, 2018]]) or Chapter 13: Individual emotions and feelings ([[Motivation and emotion/Readings/Textbooks/Reeve/2024|Reeve, 2024]])

==Slides==
* [https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1-XdVSEAVAWahOMksgubomM75asUHHwjuyCA3k2gYEUA/edit?usp=sharing Individual emotions] (Google Slides)
&lt;!-- * [http://www.slideshare.net/jtneill/individual-emotions Lecture slides] (Slideshare)
* Handouts
** [[Media:Motivation and Emotion - Lecture 09 - Individual emotions 6slidesperpage.pdf|Download 6 slides to a page]]: [[File:Motivation and Emotion - Lecture 09 - Individual emotions 6slidesperpage.pdf|100px]]
** [[Media:Motivation and Emotion - Lecture 09 - Individual emotions 3slidesperpage.pdf|Download 3 slides to a page]]: [[File:Motivation and Emotion - Lecture 09 - Individual emotions 3slidesperpage.pdf|100px]]
--&gt;

==See also==
* [[/Images/]]

; Lectures
* [[{{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2}}/Aspects of emotion|Aspects of emotion]] (Previous lecture)
* [[{{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2}}/Unconscious motivation|Unconscious motivation]] (Next lecture)

; Tutorial
* [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/20 emotions|20 emotions]] (Tutorial)

==Recording==
* [Lecture 9] (2026)
* [https://au-lti.bbcollab.com/recording/ad82252fd3b942dab76549b587afdc21 Lecture 9 (2025)] (2025)&lt;!--
* [https://au-lti.bbcollab.com/recording/9917dadac2144ffeb6a6ea773aad9ce8 Lecture 9 recording] (2024)
* [https://au-lti.bbcollab.com/recording/c61875ec86bd4258ac3f5e0ceaeded04 Lecture 9 recording] (2023)
* [https://au-lti.bbcollab.com/recording/fb1b6680261a4a55b4ee699544c920f8 Lecture 9 recording](2022)
* [https://au-lti.bbcollab.com/recording/6bc4d9bf00b643d7b19aff736a499f39 Lecture 9 recording] (2021)
* [https://au-lti.bbcollab.com/recording/96e78b4252504c3193258d2e0dc2f05e Lecture 9 recording] (2020)
* [https://echo360.org.au/media/4fa588c8-f9f8-4f6f-8bc5-2a0411bbc261/public Lecture 9 recording] (2019)
* [https://echo360.org.au/media/68737326-23d4-4ceb-ad51-ef21a6855637/public Lecture 9 recording] (2018)
* [https://echo360.org.au/media/8ed1c121-f6b4-4ac1-b5a2-5130d65c38ca/public Lecture 9 recording] (2017)
--&gt;
&lt;!-- ==References==
{{Hanging indent|1=

O'Connell, B. H., O'Shea, D., &amp; Gallagher, S. (2017). Feeling thanks and saying thanks: A randomized controlled trial examining if and how socially oriented gratitude journals work. ''Journal of Clinical Psychology'', ''73''(10), 1280–1300. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22469

}}
--&gt;

==External links==
* [https://medium.com/polyamory-today/compersion-or-mudita-unlearning-jealousy-the-buddhist-way-aad804a81d7 Compersion or mudita: Unlearning jealousy the buddhist way] (Polyamory Today)
* [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/12079828_Dirt_Disgust_and_Disease_Is_Hygiene_in_Our_Genes Dirt, disgust, and disease: Is hygiene in our genes] (Curtis &amp; Biran, 2001; pdf)
* [https://www.psychologytoday.com/au/blog/hide-and-seek/201505/empathy-vs-sympathy Empathy vs. sympathy] (Psychology Today)
* [http://www.rpforschools.net/articles/ASP/Tangney,%20Tracy%20&amp;%20Robins%202007%20The%20self-conscious%20emotions%20-%20Theory%20and%20Research.pdf The self-conscious emotions] (Tangney et al., 2007; pdf)
* [https://www.psychologytoday.com/au/blog/joy-and-pain/201401/what-is-the-difference-between-envy-and-jealousy What is the difference between envy and jealousy?] (Psychology Today)
{{Motivation and emotion/Lectures/Navigation}}

[[Category:Motivation and emotion/Emotion/Empathy]]
[[Category:Motivation and emotion/Emotion/Guilt]]
[[Category:Motivation and emotion/Lectures/Individual emotions]]</text>
      <sha1>q7san00dwi54nde8t85ekqj5dlnc7tw</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Haskell programming in plain view</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>203942</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2833163</id>
      <parentid>2832620</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-14T13:44:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Young1lim</username>
        <id>21186</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Lambda Calculus */</comment>
      <origin>2833163</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6273" sha1="kxol2042kgea0zrgo3f9necuvecel57" xml:space="preserve">
==Introduction==
* Overview I ([[Media:HSKL.Overview.1.A.20160806.pdf |pdf]])
* Overview II ([[Media:HSKL.Overview.2.A.20160926.pdf |pdf]])
* Overview III ([[Media:HSKL.Overview.3.A.20161011.pdf |pdf]])
* Overview IV ([[Media:HSKL.Overview.4.A.20161104.pdf |pdf]])
* Overview V ([[Media:HSKL.Overview.5.A.20161108.pdf |pdf]])
&lt;/br&gt;

==Applications==
* Sudoku Background ([[Media:Sudoku.Background.0.A.20161108.pdf |pdf]])
* Bird's Implementation 
:- Specification ([[Media:Sudoku.1Bird.1.A.Spec.20170425.pdf |pdf]])
:- Rules ([[Media:Sudoku.1Bird.2.A.Rule.20170201.pdf |pdf]])
:- Pruning ([[Media:Sudoku.1Bird.3.A.Pruning.20170211.pdf |pdf]])
:- Expanding ([[Media:Sudoku.1Bird.4.A.Expand.20170506.pdf |pdf]])

&lt;/br&gt;

==Using GHCi==
* Getting started ([[Media:GHCi.Start.1.A.20170605.pdf |pdf]])
&lt;/br&gt;

==Using Libraries==
* Library ([[Media:Library.1.A.20170605.pdf |pdf]])
&lt;/br&gt;
&lt;/br&gt;


==Types==
* Constructors ([[Media:Background.1.A.Constructor.20180904.pdf |pdf]])
* TypeClasses ([[Media:Background.1.B.TypeClass.20180904.pdf |pdf]])
* Types ([[Media:MP3.1A.Mut.Type.20200721.pdf |pdf]])
* Primitive Types ([[Media:MP3.1B.Mut.PrimType.20200611.pdf |pdf]])
* Polymorphic Types ([[Media:MP3.1C.Mut.Polymorphic.20201212.pdf |pdf]])

==Functions==
* Functions ([[Media:Background.1.C.Function.20180712.pdf |pdf]])
* Operators ([[Media:Background.1.E.Operator.20180707.pdf |pdf]])
* Continuation Passing Style ([[Media:MP3.1D.Mut.Continuation.20220110.pdf |pdf]])

==Expressions==
* Expressions I ([[Media:Background.1.D.Expression.20180707.pdf |pdf]])
* Expressions II ([[Media:MP3.1E.Mut.Expression.20220628.pdf |pdf]])
* Non-terminating Expressions ([[Media:MP3.1F.Mut.Non-terminating.20220616.pdf |pdf]])
&lt;/br&gt;
&lt;/br&gt;

==Lambda Calculus==
* Lambda Calculus - informal description ([[Media:LCal.1A.informal.20220831.pdf |pdf]])
* Lambda Calculus - Formal definition ([[Media:LCal.2A.formal.20221015.pdf |pdf]])
* Expression Reduction ([[Media:LCal.3A.reduction.20220920.pdf |pdf]])
* Normal Forms ([[Media:LCal.4A.Normal.20220903.pdf |pdf]])
* Encoding Datatypes 
:- Church Numerals ([[Media:LCal.5A.Numeral.20230627.pdf |pdf]])
:- Church Booleans ([[Media:LCal.6A.Boolean.20230815.pdf |pdf]])
:- Functions ([[Media:LCal.7A.Function.20231230.pdf |pdf]])
:- Combinators ([[Media:LCal.8A.Combinator.20241202.pdf |pdf]])
:- Recursions ([[Media:LCal.9A.Recursion.20260911.pdf |A]], [[Media:LCal.9B.Recursion.20260330.pdf |B]])
&lt;/br&gt;
&lt;/br&gt;

==Function Oriented Typeclasses== 
=== Functors ===
* Functor Overview ([[Media:Functor.1.A.Overview.20180802.pdf |pdf]])
* Function Functor ([[Media:Functor.2.A.Function.20180804.pdf |pdf]])
* Functor Lifting ([[Media:Functor.2.B.Lifting.20180721.pdf |pdf]])

=== Applicatives ===
* Applicatives Overview ([[Media:Applicative.3.A.Overview.20180606.pdf |pdf]])
* Applicatives Methods ([[Media:Applicative.3.B.Method.20180519.pdf |pdf]])
* Function Applicative ([[Media:Applicative.3.A.Function.20180804.pdf |pdf]])
* Applicatives Sequencing ([[Media:Applicative.3.C.Sequencing.20180606.pdf |pdf]])

=== Monads I : Background ===
* Side Effects ([[Media:Monad.P1.1A.SideEffect.20190316.pdf |pdf]])
* Monad Overview ([[Media:Monad.P1.2A.Overview.20190308.pdf |pdf]])
* Monadic Operations ([[Media:Monad.P1.3A.Operations.20190308.pdf |pdf]])
* Maybe Monad ([[Media:Monad.P1.4A.Maybe.201900606.pdf |pdf]])
* IO Actions ([[Media:Monad.P1.5A.IOAction.20190606.pdf |pdf]])
* Several Monad Types ([[Media:Monad.P1.6A.Types.20191016.pdf |pdf]])

=== Monads II : State Transformer Monads ===
* State Transformer 
: - State Transformer Basics ([[Media:MP2.1A.STrans.Basic.20191002.pdf |pdf]])
: - State Transformer Generic Monad ([[Media:MP2.1B.STrans.Generic.20191002.pdf |pdf]])
: - State Transformer Monads ([[Media:MP2.1C.STrans.Monad.20191022.pdf |pdf]])

* State Monad 
: - State Monad Basics ([[Media:MP2.2A.State.Basic.20190706.pdf |pdf]])
: - State Monad Methods ([[Media:MP2.2B.State.Method.20190706.pdf |pdf]]) 
: - State Monad Examples ([[Media:MP2.2C.State.Example.20190706.pdf |pdf]])

=== Monads III : Mutable State Monads ===
* Mutability Background 
: - Inhabitedness ([[Media:MP3.1F.Mut.Inhabited.20220319.pdf |pdf]])
: - Existential Types ([[Media:MP3.1E.Mut.Existential.20220128.pdf |pdf]])
: - forall Keyword ([[Media:MP3.1E.Mut.forall.20210316.pdf |pdf]])
: - Mutability and Strictness ([[Media:MP3.1C.Mut.Strictness.20200613.pdf |pdf]])
: - Strict and Lazy Packages ([[Media:MP3.1D.Mut.Package.20200620.pdf |pdf]])

* Mutable Objects
: - Mutable Variables ([[Media:MP3.1B.Mut.Variable.20200224.pdf |pdf]])
: - Mutable Data Structures  ([[Media:MP3.1D.Mut.DataStruct.20191226.pdf |pdf]])

* IO Monad 
: - IO Monad Basics ([[Media:MP3.2A.IO.Basic.20191019.pdf |pdf]])
: - IO Monad Methods ([[Media:MP3.2B.IO.Method.20191022.pdf |pdf]])  
: - IORef Mutable Variable ([[Media:MP3.2C.IO.IORef.20191019.pdf |pdf]])  

* ST Monad 
: - ST Monad Basics ([[Media:MP3.3A.ST.Basic.20191031.pdf |pdf]])
: - ST Monad Methods ([[Media:MP3.3B.ST.Method.20191023.pdf |pdf]])
: - STRef Mutable Variable ([[Media:MP3.3C.ST.STRef.20191023.pdf |pdf]])

=== Monads IV : Reader and Writer Monads ===
* Function Monad ([[Media:Monad.10.A.Function.20180806.pdf |pdf]])
* Monad Transformer ([[Media:Monad.3.I.Transformer.20180727.pdf |pdf]])
* MonadState Class
:: - State &amp; StateT Monads ([[Media:Monad.9.A.MonadState.Monad.20180920.pdf |pdf]])
:: - MonadReader Class ([[Media:Monad.9.B.MonadState.Class.20180920.pdf |pdf]])
* MonadReader Class
:: - Reader &amp; ReaderT Monads ([[Media:Monad.11.A.Reader.20180821.pdf |pdf]])
:: - MonadReader Class ([[Media:Monad.12.A.MonadReader.20180821.pdf |pdf]])
* Control Monad ([[Media:Monad.9.A.Control.20180908.pdf |pdf]])

=== Monoid ===
* Monoids ([[Media:Monoid.4.A.20180508.pdf |pdf]])

=== Arrow ===
* Arrows ([[Media:Arrow.1.A.20190504.pdf |pdf]])
&lt;/br&gt;

==Polymorphism==
* Polymorphism Overview ([[Media:Poly.1.A.20180220.pdf |pdf]])
&lt;/br&gt;

==Concurrent Haskell ==
&lt;/br&gt;


go to [ [[Electrical_%26_Computer_Engineering_Studies]] ]

==External links==
* [http://learnyouahaskell.com/introduction Learn you Haskell]
* [http://book.realworldhaskell.org/read/ Real World Haskell]
* [http://www.scs.stanford.edu/14sp-cs240h/slides/ Standford Class Material]


[[Category:Haskell|programming in plain view]]</text>
      <sha1>kxol2042kgea0zrgo3f9necuvecel57</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2833165</id>
      <parentid>2833163</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-14T13:45:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Young1lim</username>
        <id>21186</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Lambda Calculus */</comment>
      <origin>2833165</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6273" sha1="sg7ijh8yx59s4nzh560e76fh4258qxg" xml:space="preserve">
==Introduction==
* Overview I ([[Media:HSKL.Overview.1.A.20160806.pdf |pdf]])
* Overview II ([[Media:HSKL.Overview.2.A.20160926.pdf |pdf]])
* Overview III ([[Media:HSKL.Overview.3.A.20161011.pdf |pdf]])
* Overview IV ([[Media:HSKL.Overview.4.A.20161104.pdf |pdf]])
* Overview V ([[Media:HSKL.Overview.5.A.20161108.pdf |pdf]])
&lt;/br&gt;

==Applications==
* Sudoku Background ([[Media:Sudoku.Background.0.A.20161108.pdf |pdf]])
* Bird's Implementation 
:- Specification ([[Media:Sudoku.1Bird.1.A.Spec.20170425.pdf |pdf]])
:- Rules ([[Media:Sudoku.1Bird.2.A.Rule.20170201.pdf |pdf]])
:- Pruning ([[Media:Sudoku.1Bird.3.A.Pruning.20170211.pdf |pdf]])
:- Expanding ([[Media:Sudoku.1Bird.4.A.Expand.20170506.pdf |pdf]])

&lt;/br&gt;

==Using GHCi==
* Getting started ([[Media:GHCi.Start.1.A.20170605.pdf |pdf]])
&lt;/br&gt;

==Using Libraries==
* Library ([[Media:Library.1.A.20170605.pdf |pdf]])
&lt;/br&gt;
&lt;/br&gt;


==Types==
* Constructors ([[Media:Background.1.A.Constructor.20180904.pdf |pdf]])
* TypeClasses ([[Media:Background.1.B.TypeClass.20180904.pdf |pdf]])
* Types ([[Media:MP3.1A.Mut.Type.20200721.pdf |pdf]])
* Primitive Types ([[Media:MP3.1B.Mut.PrimType.20200611.pdf |pdf]])
* Polymorphic Types ([[Media:MP3.1C.Mut.Polymorphic.20201212.pdf |pdf]])

==Functions==
* Functions ([[Media:Background.1.C.Function.20180712.pdf |pdf]])
* Operators ([[Media:Background.1.E.Operator.20180707.pdf |pdf]])
* Continuation Passing Style ([[Media:MP3.1D.Mut.Continuation.20220110.pdf |pdf]])

==Expressions==
* Expressions I ([[Media:Background.1.D.Expression.20180707.pdf |pdf]])
* Expressions II ([[Media:MP3.1E.Mut.Expression.20220628.pdf |pdf]])
* Non-terminating Expressions ([[Media:MP3.1F.Mut.Non-terminating.20220616.pdf |pdf]])
&lt;/br&gt;
&lt;/br&gt;

==Lambda Calculus==
* Lambda Calculus - informal description ([[Media:LCal.1A.informal.20220831.pdf |pdf]])
* Lambda Calculus - Formal definition ([[Media:LCal.2A.formal.20221015.pdf |pdf]])
* Expression Reduction ([[Media:LCal.3A.reduction.20220920.pdf |pdf]])
* Normal Forms ([[Media:LCal.4A.Normal.20220903.pdf |pdf]])
* Encoding Datatypes 
:- Church Numerals ([[Media:LCal.5A.Numeral.20230627.pdf |pdf]])
:- Church Booleans ([[Media:LCal.6A.Boolean.20230815.pdf |pdf]])
:- Functions ([[Media:LCal.7A.Function.20231230.pdf |pdf]])
:- Combinators ([[Media:LCal.8A.Combinator.20241202.pdf |pdf]])
:- Recursions ([[Media:LCal.9A.Recursion.20260912.pdf |A]], [[Media:LCal.9B.Recursion.20260330.pdf |B]])
&lt;/br&gt;
&lt;/br&gt;

==Function Oriented Typeclasses== 
=== Functors ===
* Functor Overview ([[Media:Functor.1.A.Overview.20180802.pdf |pdf]])
* Function Functor ([[Media:Functor.2.A.Function.20180804.pdf |pdf]])
* Functor Lifting ([[Media:Functor.2.B.Lifting.20180721.pdf |pdf]])

=== Applicatives ===
* Applicatives Overview ([[Media:Applicative.3.A.Overview.20180606.pdf |pdf]])
* Applicatives Methods ([[Media:Applicative.3.B.Method.20180519.pdf |pdf]])
* Function Applicative ([[Media:Applicative.3.A.Function.20180804.pdf |pdf]])
* Applicatives Sequencing ([[Media:Applicative.3.C.Sequencing.20180606.pdf |pdf]])

=== Monads I : Background ===
* Side Effects ([[Media:Monad.P1.1A.SideEffect.20190316.pdf |pdf]])
* Monad Overview ([[Media:Monad.P1.2A.Overview.20190308.pdf |pdf]])
* Monadic Operations ([[Media:Monad.P1.3A.Operations.20190308.pdf |pdf]])
* Maybe Monad ([[Media:Monad.P1.4A.Maybe.201900606.pdf |pdf]])
* IO Actions ([[Media:Monad.P1.5A.IOAction.20190606.pdf |pdf]])
* Several Monad Types ([[Media:Monad.P1.6A.Types.20191016.pdf |pdf]])

=== Monads II : State Transformer Monads ===
* State Transformer 
: - State Transformer Basics ([[Media:MP2.1A.STrans.Basic.20191002.pdf |pdf]])
: - State Transformer Generic Monad ([[Media:MP2.1B.STrans.Generic.20191002.pdf |pdf]])
: - State Transformer Monads ([[Media:MP2.1C.STrans.Monad.20191022.pdf |pdf]])

* State Monad 
: - State Monad Basics ([[Media:MP2.2A.State.Basic.20190706.pdf |pdf]])
: - State Monad Methods ([[Media:MP2.2B.State.Method.20190706.pdf |pdf]]) 
: - State Monad Examples ([[Media:MP2.2C.State.Example.20190706.pdf |pdf]])

=== Monads III : Mutable State Monads ===
* Mutability Background 
: - Inhabitedness ([[Media:MP3.1F.Mut.Inhabited.20220319.pdf |pdf]])
: - Existential Types ([[Media:MP3.1E.Mut.Existential.20220128.pdf |pdf]])
: - forall Keyword ([[Media:MP3.1E.Mut.forall.20210316.pdf |pdf]])
: - Mutability and Strictness ([[Media:MP3.1C.Mut.Strictness.20200613.pdf |pdf]])
: - Strict and Lazy Packages ([[Media:MP3.1D.Mut.Package.20200620.pdf |pdf]])

* Mutable Objects
: - Mutable Variables ([[Media:MP3.1B.Mut.Variable.20200224.pdf |pdf]])
: - Mutable Data Structures  ([[Media:MP3.1D.Mut.DataStruct.20191226.pdf |pdf]])

* IO Monad 
: - IO Monad Basics ([[Media:MP3.2A.IO.Basic.20191019.pdf |pdf]])
: - IO Monad Methods ([[Media:MP3.2B.IO.Method.20191022.pdf |pdf]])  
: - IORef Mutable Variable ([[Media:MP3.2C.IO.IORef.20191019.pdf |pdf]])  

* ST Monad 
: - ST Monad Basics ([[Media:MP3.3A.ST.Basic.20191031.pdf |pdf]])
: - ST Monad Methods ([[Media:MP3.3B.ST.Method.20191023.pdf |pdf]])
: - STRef Mutable Variable ([[Media:MP3.3C.ST.STRef.20191023.pdf |pdf]])

=== Monads IV : Reader and Writer Monads ===
* Function Monad ([[Media:Monad.10.A.Function.20180806.pdf |pdf]])
* Monad Transformer ([[Media:Monad.3.I.Transformer.20180727.pdf |pdf]])
* MonadState Class
:: - State &amp; StateT Monads ([[Media:Monad.9.A.MonadState.Monad.20180920.pdf |pdf]])
:: - MonadReader Class ([[Media:Monad.9.B.MonadState.Class.20180920.pdf |pdf]])
* MonadReader Class
:: - Reader &amp; ReaderT Monads ([[Media:Monad.11.A.Reader.20180821.pdf |pdf]])
:: - MonadReader Class ([[Media:Monad.12.A.MonadReader.20180821.pdf |pdf]])
* Control Monad ([[Media:Monad.9.A.Control.20180908.pdf |pdf]])

=== Monoid ===
* Monoids ([[Media:Monoid.4.A.20180508.pdf |pdf]])

=== Arrow ===
* Arrows ([[Media:Arrow.1.A.20190504.pdf |pdf]])
&lt;/br&gt;

==Polymorphism==
* Polymorphism Overview ([[Media:Poly.1.A.20180220.pdf |pdf]])
&lt;/br&gt;

==Concurrent Haskell ==
&lt;/br&gt;


go to [ [[Electrical_%26_Computer_Engineering_Studies]] ]

==External links==
* [http://learnyouahaskell.com/introduction Learn you Haskell]
* [http://book.realworldhaskell.org/read/ Real World Haskell]
* [http://www.scs.stanford.edu/14sp-cs240h/slides/ Standford Class Material]


[[Category:Haskell|programming in plain view]]</text>
      <sha1>sg7ijh8yx59s4nzh560e76fh4258qxg</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2833167</id>
      <parentid>2833165</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-14T13:46:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Young1lim</username>
        <id>21186</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Lambda Calculus */</comment>
      <origin>2833167</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6273" sha1="ngc3eae9p43sg2apivi17q8jezjuqe2" xml:space="preserve">
==Introduction==
* Overview I ([[Media:HSKL.Overview.1.A.20160806.pdf |pdf]])
* Overview II ([[Media:HSKL.Overview.2.A.20160926.pdf |pdf]])
* Overview III ([[Media:HSKL.Overview.3.A.20161011.pdf |pdf]])
* Overview IV ([[Media:HSKL.Overview.4.A.20161104.pdf |pdf]])
* Overview V ([[Media:HSKL.Overview.5.A.20161108.pdf |pdf]])
&lt;/br&gt;

==Applications==
* Sudoku Background ([[Media:Sudoku.Background.0.A.20161108.pdf |pdf]])
* Bird's Implementation 
:- Specification ([[Media:Sudoku.1Bird.1.A.Spec.20170425.pdf |pdf]])
:- Rules ([[Media:Sudoku.1Bird.2.A.Rule.20170201.pdf |pdf]])
:- Pruning ([[Media:Sudoku.1Bird.3.A.Pruning.20170211.pdf |pdf]])
:- Expanding ([[Media:Sudoku.1Bird.4.A.Expand.20170506.pdf |pdf]])

&lt;/br&gt;

==Using GHCi==
* Getting started ([[Media:GHCi.Start.1.A.20170605.pdf |pdf]])
&lt;/br&gt;

==Using Libraries==
* Library ([[Media:Library.1.A.20170605.pdf |pdf]])
&lt;/br&gt;
&lt;/br&gt;


==Types==
* Constructors ([[Media:Background.1.A.Constructor.20180904.pdf |pdf]])
* TypeClasses ([[Media:Background.1.B.TypeClass.20180904.pdf |pdf]])
* Types ([[Media:MP3.1A.Mut.Type.20200721.pdf |pdf]])
* Primitive Types ([[Media:MP3.1B.Mut.PrimType.20200611.pdf |pdf]])
* Polymorphic Types ([[Media:MP3.1C.Mut.Polymorphic.20201212.pdf |pdf]])

==Functions==
* Functions ([[Media:Background.1.C.Function.20180712.pdf |pdf]])
* Operators ([[Media:Background.1.E.Operator.20180707.pdf |pdf]])
* Continuation Passing Style ([[Media:MP3.1D.Mut.Continuation.20220110.pdf |pdf]])

==Expressions==
* Expressions I ([[Media:Background.1.D.Expression.20180707.pdf |pdf]])
* Expressions II ([[Media:MP3.1E.Mut.Expression.20220628.pdf |pdf]])
* Non-terminating Expressions ([[Media:MP3.1F.Mut.Non-terminating.20220616.pdf |pdf]])
&lt;/br&gt;
&lt;/br&gt;

==Lambda Calculus==
* Lambda Calculus - informal description ([[Media:LCal.1A.informal.20220831.pdf |pdf]])
* Lambda Calculus - Formal definition ([[Media:LCal.2A.formal.20221015.pdf |pdf]])
* Expression Reduction ([[Media:LCal.3A.reduction.20220920.pdf |pdf]])
* Normal Forms ([[Media:LCal.4A.Normal.20220903.pdf |pdf]])
* Encoding Datatypes 
:- Church Numerals ([[Media:LCal.5A.Numeral.20230627.pdf |pdf]])
:- Church Booleans ([[Media:LCal.6A.Boolean.20230815.pdf |pdf]])
:- Functions ([[Media:LCal.7A.Function.20231230.pdf |pdf]])
:- Combinators ([[Media:LCal.8A.Combinator.20241202.pdf |pdf]])
:- Recursions ([[Media:LCal.9A.Recursion.20260914.pdf |A]], [[Media:LCal.9B.Recursion.20260330.pdf |B]])
&lt;/br&gt;
&lt;/br&gt;

==Function Oriented Typeclasses== 
=== Functors ===
* Functor Overview ([[Media:Functor.1.A.Overview.20180802.pdf |pdf]])
* Function Functor ([[Media:Functor.2.A.Function.20180804.pdf |pdf]])
* Functor Lifting ([[Media:Functor.2.B.Lifting.20180721.pdf |pdf]])

=== Applicatives ===
* Applicatives Overview ([[Media:Applicative.3.A.Overview.20180606.pdf |pdf]])
* Applicatives Methods ([[Media:Applicative.3.B.Method.20180519.pdf |pdf]])
* Function Applicative ([[Media:Applicative.3.A.Function.20180804.pdf |pdf]])
* Applicatives Sequencing ([[Media:Applicative.3.C.Sequencing.20180606.pdf |pdf]])

=== Monads I : Background ===
* Side Effects ([[Media:Monad.P1.1A.SideEffect.20190316.pdf |pdf]])
* Monad Overview ([[Media:Monad.P1.2A.Overview.20190308.pdf |pdf]])
* Monadic Operations ([[Media:Monad.P1.3A.Operations.20190308.pdf |pdf]])
* Maybe Monad ([[Media:Monad.P1.4A.Maybe.201900606.pdf |pdf]])
* IO Actions ([[Media:Monad.P1.5A.IOAction.20190606.pdf |pdf]])
* Several Monad Types ([[Media:Monad.P1.6A.Types.20191016.pdf |pdf]])

=== Monads II : State Transformer Monads ===
* State Transformer 
: - State Transformer Basics ([[Media:MP2.1A.STrans.Basic.20191002.pdf |pdf]])
: - State Transformer Generic Monad ([[Media:MP2.1B.STrans.Generic.20191002.pdf |pdf]])
: - State Transformer Monads ([[Media:MP2.1C.STrans.Monad.20191022.pdf |pdf]])

* State Monad 
: - State Monad Basics ([[Media:MP2.2A.State.Basic.20190706.pdf |pdf]])
: - State Monad Methods ([[Media:MP2.2B.State.Method.20190706.pdf |pdf]]) 
: - State Monad Examples ([[Media:MP2.2C.State.Example.20190706.pdf |pdf]])

=== Monads III : Mutable State Monads ===
* Mutability Background 
: - Inhabitedness ([[Media:MP3.1F.Mut.Inhabited.20220319.pdf |pdf]])
: - Existential Types ([[Media:MP3.1E.Mut.Existential.20220128.pdf |pdf]])
: - forall Keyword ([[Media:MP3.1E.Mut.forall.20210316.pdf |pdf]])
: - Mutability and Strictness ([[Media:MP3.1C.Mut.Strictness.20200613.pdf |pdf]])
: - Strict and Lazy Packages ([[Media:MP3.1D.Mut.Package.20200620.pdf |pdf]])

* Mutable Objects
: - Mutable Variables ([[Media:MP3.1B.Mut.Variable.20200224.pdf |pdf]])
: - Mutable Data Structures  ([[Media:MP3.1D.Mut.DataStruct.20191226.pdf |pdf]])

* IO Monad 
: - IO Monad Basics ([[Media:MP3.2A.IO.Basic.20191019.pdf |pdf]])
: - IO Monad Methods ([[Media:MP3.2B.IO.Method.20191022.pdf |pdf]])  
: - IORef Mutable Variable ([[Media:MP3.2C.IO.IORef.20191019.pdf |pdf]])  

* ST Monad 
: - ST Monad Basics ([[Media:MP3.3A.ST.Basic.20191031.pdf |pdf]])
: - ST Monad Methods ([[Media:MP3.3B.ST.Method.20191023.pdf |pdf]])
: - STRef Mutable Variable ([[Media:MP3.3C.ST.STRef.20191023.pdf |pdf]])

=== Monads IV : Reader and Writer Monads ===
* Function Monad ([[Media:Monad.10.A.Function.20180806.pdf |pdf]])
* Monad Transformer ([[Media:Monad.3.I.Transformer.20180727.pdf |pdf]])
* MonadState Class
:: - State &amp; StateT Monads ([[Media:Monad.9.A.MonadState.Monad.20180920.pdf |pdf]])
:: - MonadReader Class ([[Media:Monad.9.B.MonadState.Class.20180920.pdf |pdf]])
* MonadReader Class
:: - Reader &amp; ReaderT Monads ([[Media:Monad.11.A.Reader.20180821.pdf |pdf]])
:: - MonadReader Class ([[Media:Monad.12.A.MonadReader.20180821.pdf |pdf]])
* Control Monad ([[Media:Monad.9.A.Control.20180908.pdf |pdf]])

=== Monoid ===
* Monoids ([[Media:Monoid.4.A.20180508.pdf |pdf]])

=== Arrow ===
* Arrows ([[Media:Arrow.1.A.20190504.pdf |pdf]])
&lt;/br&gt;

==Polymorphism==
* Polymorphism Overview ([[Media:Poly.1.A.20180220.pdf |pdf]])
&lt;/br&gt;

==Concurrent Haskell ==
&lt;/br&gt;


go to [ [[Electrical_%26_Computer_Engineering_Studies]] ]

==External links==
* [http://learnyouahaskell.com/introduction Learn you Haskell]
* [http://book.realworldhaskell.org/read/ Real World Haskell]
* [http://www.scs.stanford.edu/14sp-cs240h/slides/ Standford Class Material]


[[Category:Haskell|programming in plain view]]</text>
      <sha1>ngc3eae9p43sg2apivi17q8jezjuqe2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Python programming in plain view</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>212733</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2833196</id>
      <parentid>2832803</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-14T17:51:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Young1lim</username>
        <id>21186</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Using Libraries */</comment>
      <origin>2833196</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2696" sha1="s57ifired9tne38v2fflgm5mth9orbg" xml:space="preserve">==''' Part I '''==
&lt;!----------------------------------------------------------------------&gt;
===  Introduction ===

* Overview 
* Memory 
* Number 

&lt;!----------------------------------------------------------------------&gt;


=== Python for C programmers ===

* Hello, World! ([[Media:CProg.Hello.1A.20230406.pdf |pdf]])
* Statement Level  ([[Media:CProg.Statement.1A.20230509.pdf |pdf]])
* Output with print
* Formatted output
* File IO

&lt;!----------------------------------------------------------------------&gt;


=== Using Libraries ===

* Scripts ([[Media:Python.Work2.Script.1A.20231129.pdf |pdf]])
* Modules ([[Media:Python.Work2.Module.1A.20231216.pdf |pdf]])
* Packages ([[Media:Python.Work2.Package.1A.20241207.pdf |pdf]])
* Libraries ([[Media:Python.Work2.Library.1A.20260912.pdf |A]], [[Media:Python.Work2.Library.1B.20260720.pdf |B]])
* Namespaces ([[Media:Python.Work2.Scope.1A.20231021.pdf |pdf]])


&lt;!----------------------------------------------------------------------&gt;

===   Handling Repetition ===
 
* Control ([[Media:Python.Repeat1.Control.1.A.20230314.pdf |pdf]])

* Loop ([[Media:Repeat2.Loop.1A.20230401.pdf |pdf]])

&lt;!----------------------------------------------------------------------&gt;

=== Handling a Big Work ===

* Functions ([[Media:Python.Work1.Function.1A.20230529.pdf |pdf]])
* Lambda ([[Media:Python.Work2.Lambda.1A.20230705.pdf |pdf]])
* Type Annotations ([[Media:Python.Work2.AtypeAnnot.1A.20230817.pdf |pdf]])

  
&lt;!----------------------------------------------------------------------&gt;

=== Handling Series of Data ===

* Arrays ([[Media:Python.Series1.Array.1A.pdf |pdf]])
* Tuples ([[Media:Python.Series2.Tuple.1A.pdf |pdf]])
* Lists ([[Media:Python.Series3.List.1A.pdf |pdf]])
* Tuples ([[Media:Python.Series4.Tuple.1A.pdf |pdf]])
* Sets ([[Media:Python.Series5.Set.1A.pdf |pdf]])
* Dictionary ([[Media:Python.Series6.Dictionary.1A.pdf |pdf]])

&lt;!----------------------------------------------------------------------&gt;

=== Handling Various Kinds of Data ===
  
* Types 
* Operators ([[Media:Python.Data3.Operators.1.A.pdf |pdf]])
* Files ([[Media:Python.Data4.File.1.A.pdf |pdf]])


&lt;!----------------------------------------------------------------------&gt;

=== Class and Objects ===
  
* Classes &amp; Objects ([[Media:Python.Work2.Class.1A.20230906.pdf |pdf]])
* Inheritance

 
&lt;!----------------------------------------------------------------------&gt;
&lt;/br&gt;

== Python in Numerical Analysis  ==
 
&lt;/br&gt;
&lt;/br&gt; 
go to [ [[Electrical_%26_Computer_Engineering_Studies]] ]

==External links==
* [http://www.southampton.ac.uk/~fangohr/training/python/pdfs/Python-for-Computational-Science-and-Engineering.pdf Python and Computational Science and Engineering]</text>
      <sha1>s57ifired9tne38v2fflgm5mth9orbg</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2833198</id>
      <parentid>2833196</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-14T17:53:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Young1lim</username>
        <id>21186</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Using Libraries */</comment>
      <origin>2833198</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2696" sha1="bqf9rl06cvdpjr1awjp8wixrz4ztgdt" xml:space="preserve">==''' Part I '''==
&lt;!----------------------------------------------------------------------&gt;
===  Introduction ===

* Overview 
* Memory 
* Number 

&lt;!----------------------------------------------------------------------&gt;


=== Python for C programmers ===

* Hello, World! ([[Media:CProg.Hello.1A.20230406.pdf |pdf]])
* Statement Level  ([[Media:CProg.Statement.1A.20230509.pdf |pdf]])
* Output with print
* Formatted output
* File IO

&lt;!----------------------------------------------------------------------&gt;


=== Using Libraries ===

* Scripts ([[Media:Python.Work2.Script.1A.20231129.pdf |pdf]])
* Modules ([[Media:Python.Work2.Module.1A.20231216.pdf |pdf]])
* Packages ([[Media:Python.Work2.Package.1A.20241207.pdf |pdf]])
* Libraries ([[Media:Python.Work2.Library.1A.20260914.pdf |A]], [[Media:Python.Work2.Library.1B.20260720.pdf |B]])
* Namespaces ([[Media:Python.Work2.Scope.1A.20231021.pdf |pdf]])


&lt;!----------------------------------------------------------------------&gt;

===   Handling Repetition ===
 
* Control ([[Media:Python.Repeat1.Control.1.A.20230314.pdf |pdf]])

* Loop ([[Media:Repeat2.Loop.1A.20230401.pdf |pdf]])

&lt;!----------------------------------------------------------------------&gt;

=== Handling a Big Work ===

* Functions ([[Media:Python.Work1.Function.1A.20230529.pdf |pdf]])
* Lambda ([[Media:Python.Work2.Lambda.1A.20230705.pdf |pdf]])
* Type Annotations ([[Media:Python.Work2.AtypeAnnot.1A.20230817.pdf |pdf]])

  
&lt;!----------------------------------------------------------------------&gt;

=== Handling Series of Data ===

* Arrays ([[Media:Python.Series1.Array.1A.pdf |pdf]])
* Tuples ([[Media:Python.Series2.Tuple.1A.pdf |pdf]])
* Lists ([[Media:Python.Series3.List.1A.pdf |pdf]])
* Tuples ([[Media:Python.Series4.Tuple.1A.pdf |pdf]])
* Sets ([[Media:Python.Series5.Set.1A.pdf |pdf]])
* Dictionary ([[Media:Python.Series6.Dictionary.1A.pdf |pdf]])

&lt;!----------------------------------------------------------------------&gt;

=== Handling Various Kinds of Data ===
  
* Types 
* Operators ([[Media:Python.Data3.Operators.1.A.pdf |pdf]])
* Files ([[Media:Python.Data4.File.1.A.pdf |pdf]])


&lt;!----------------------------------------------------------------------&gt;

=== Class and Objects ===
  
* Classes &amp; Objects ([[Media:Python.Work2.Class.1A.20230906.pdf |pdf]])
* Inheritance

 
&lt;!----------------------------------------------------------------------&gt;
&lt;/br&gt;

== Python in Numerical Analysis  ==
 
&lt;/br&gt;
&lt;/br&gt; 
go to [ [[Electrical_%26_Computer_Engineering_Studies]] ]

==External links==
* [http://www.southampton.ac.uk/~fangohr/training/python/pdfs/Python-for-Computational-Science-and-Engineering.pdf Python and Computational Science and Engineering]</text>
      <sha1>bqf9rl06cvdpjr1awjp8wixrz4ztgdt</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:Michael Ten/Later</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>215188</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2833283</id>
      <parentid>2833083</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-15T07:21:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Michael Ten</username>
        <id>654933</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>2833283</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4910" sha1="34g89ea4yta29shawctt5go404ajojy" xml:space="preserve">Ideas to possibly develop or integrate into various areas later. 
==Some ideas to explore or elaborate on later==
{{colbegin|4}}
* [[Python]]
* [[Business/Earning money]]
* [[National University of Singapore]]
* [[Peking University]]
* [[Tsinghua University]]
* [[Archaeology of Specific Peoples and Civilizations]]
* [[Syllabi]]
* [[Teaching]]
* [[Analyzing research]]
* [[Gamifying learning]]
* [[Gamifying research]]
* [[Social networks]]
* [[online event organizing]]
* [[Community discovery]]
* [[Research analysis]]
* [[Research studies]]
* [[Courses]]
* [[Group coordination software]]
* [[Decentralized event coordination platforms]]
* [[Local event discovery platforms]]
* [[Interest-based event management platform]]
* [[Third place facilitation platform]]
* [[Third places]]
* [[Nano bots]]
* [[Learning]]
* [[Statistical analysis]]
* [[Peer to peer]]
* [[p2p]] / [[P2P]]
* [[Mesh networks]]
* [[Permissionless software]]
* [[CI/DC]]
* [[Coolify]]
* [[Prompts]]
* [[Distributed storage]]
* [[Permissionless software]]
* [[Open source software]]
* [[Open source hardware]]
* [[Theology]]
* [[Ethical monotheism]]
* [[Decentralized social media]]
* [[Economics]]
* [[Behavioral economics]]
* [[Cryptoeconomics]]
* [[Agentic AI]]
* [[AI research]]
* [[Knowledge graph]]
* [[Crowdfunding]]
* [[Equity crowdfunding]]
* [[Wikis]]
* [[Knowledge graphs]]
* [[Agentic swarms]]
* [[Decentralized storage]]
* [[Decentralized wikis]]
* [[Medicalization]]
* [[Loop engineering]]
* [[Graph engineering]]
* [[Vibe coding]]
* [[Agentic loops]]
* [[Agentic graphs]]
* [[Node-based visual system]]
* [[Agents in node graphs]]
* [[Graph theory architecture]]
* [[n8n for learning]]
* [[n8n for research]]
* [[Flow-based data pipeline]]
* [[Directed acyclic graph]]
* [[Research with AI]]
* [[Entrepreneurial psychology]]
* [[Procedural generation]]
* [[Becoming a lawyer]]
* [[Entrepreneurial behavior]]
* [[Entrepreneurial management]]
* [[Economic psychology]]
* [[Behavioral economics]]
{{colend}}

==Some more - diversity of thought ==
{{colbegin|3}}
* [[Diversity of thought]]
* [[w:Diversity ideologies|Diversity ideologies]]
* [[w:Diversity, equity, and inclusion|Diversity, equity, and inclusion]]
* [[w:Diversity (business)|Diversity (business)]]
* [[w:Cultural diversity|Cultural diversity]]
* [[w:Diversity, equity, and inclusion|Diversity, equity, and inclusion]]
* [[w:Neurodiversity|Neurodiversity]]
* [[w:Diversity (politics)|Diversity (politics)]]
* [[w:Unity in diversity|Unity in diversity]]
* [[w:Cultural diversity|Cultural diversity]]
* [[w:Gender diversity|Gender diversity]]
* [[w:Multicultural and diversity management|Multicultural and diversity management]]
* [[w:Team diversity|Team diversity]]
{{colend}}

===External===
{{colbegin|2}}
* [https://mtprof.msun.edu/Spr2007/fish.html Intellectual Diversity: What Is It and Do We Need It?]
* [https://roth.blogs.wesleyan.edu/tag/intellectual-diversity/ Intellectual Diversity]
* [https://tigerlearn.fhsu.edu/wp-content/uploads/Intellectual-Diversity-in-HE.pdf Intellectual Diversity in Higher Education]
* [https://yalebooks.yale.edu/2023/12/20/free-speech-and-intellectual-diversity/ Free Speech and Intellectual Diversity]
* [https://itsapps.odu.edu/ao/facultyhandbook/index.php?page=ch02s48.html Resolution Supporting Intellectual Diversity]
* [https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/exec-ed/difference/cognitive-diversity Cognitive Diversity: Know How to Harness It — And When to Rein It In — To Help Your Team Succeed]
* [https://online.merrimack.edu/cognitive-diversity-in-education/ Cognitive Diversity in Education]
* [https://sites.lsa.umich.edu/scottepage/research-2/diversity-research/ Diversity Research]
* [https://www.chapman.edu/diversity/news-and-events/cognitive-diversity/index.aspx Cognitive Diversity: Embracing Difference]
* [https://scholarworks.uttyler.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1005&amp;context=hrd_grad Enhancing the Cohesiveness of a Cognitive Diverse Team: the Role of Leadership]
* [https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/dissertations/AAI30505255/ Cognitive Diversity and Knowledge Integration in Student Design Teams]
** [https://www.proquest.com/docview/2838332291 Cognitive Diversity and Knowledge Integration in Student Design Teams]
* [https://cache.kzoo.edu/items/195fd798-9778-48f1-9fc5-d6c1dc47cec5 Modeling Cognitive Diversity]
* [https://jme.bmj.com/content/44/11/751 Artificial womb technology and the frontiers of human reproduction: conceptual differences and potential implications]
{{colend}}

== More later ==

* [[Computational mathematics]]

&quot;Agents Navier–Stokes math solve&quot; (search term, without quotes)

A distributed network of 10,000 agents (?) resolved the historic Navier–Stokes Millennium Prize problem in just under four days. By consuming 130 billion generated tokens across an 88 computational hours, the coordinated agent collective cracked one of the most stubborn enigmas in modern mathematics.</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Nursery rhymes and songs/The Itsy Bitsy Spider</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>231874</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2833203</id>
      <parentid>2833076</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-14T19:50:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-48890-90</username>
        <id>3110836</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>2833203</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="30208" sha1="mqacbh0u4sbiv0ggla6cqrxs0wdz5n6" xml:space="preserve">&quot;'''The Itsy Bitsy Spider'''&quot; (also known as &quot;'''The Incey Wincey Spider'''&quot; in Australia or &quot;'''Incy Wincy Spider'''&quot; in the United Kingdom, and other anglophone countries) is a popular [[nursery rhyme]], [[folksong]], and [[fingerplay]] that describes the adventures of a [[spider]] as it ascends, descends, and re-ascends the downspout or &quot;waterspout&quot; of a [[Rain gutter|gutter]] system or, alternatively, the spout of a [[teapot]], or open-air reservoir. It is usually accompanied by a sequence of gestures that mimic the words of the song.

One claim says that the rhyme is based on a song called “Tipsy Dipsy Hobo” and was a reference to the [[Safety|dangers]] of a [[person]] getting [[drunk]] and trying to climb on board of [[trains]], risking a fatal [[injury]]. But it doesn’t appear to be any credible source for this interpretation.

==Lyrics==
A commonly used version uses these words and gestures:

{|
!Words!!Fingerplay
|-
|&lt;poem&gt;The itsy bitsy spider climbed up the waterspout.
Down came the rain
And washed the spider out.
Out came the sun
And dried up all the rain
And the itsy bitsy spider climbed up the spout again.&lt;/poem&gt;
|style=&quot;padding-left:2em;&quot;|&lt;poem&gt;Alternately touch the thumb of one hand to the index finger of the other.
Hold both hands up and wiggle the fingers as the hands are lowered.
Sweep the hands from side to side.
Raise both hands and sweep to the sides to form a semicircle as the sun.
Wiggle fingers upwards.
(As in the first line)&lt;/poem&gt;
|}

===British variant===
&lt;poem&gt;
The incy wincy spider climbed up the water spout, ''(Touch left thumb to right forefinger, then left forefinger to right thumb, whilst moving hands upwards)''
Down came the rain and washed the spider out. ''(Wiggle fingers of both hands, palm out, whilst moving hands down; then make sweeping motion with both hands, center outwards)''
Out came the sun and dried up all the rain, ''(Lifting motion with both hands)''
And the incy wincy spider climbed up the spout again. ''(Touch left thumb to right forefinger, then left forefinger to right thumb, whilst moving hands upwards)''
&lt;/poem&gt;

Other versions exist.

== Origin ==
The origin for the song is unknown. It was first published in musical publications, such as the earliest known recorded version in the book ''Camp and Camino in Lower California, A Record of The Adventures of The Author While Exploring [[Baja California peninsula|Peninsular California, Mexico]]'' (1910), by Arthur Walbridge North (1874–1943), page 279-280, where it is referred to as (the classic) &quot;The Spider Song&quot;. It appears to be a more adult version of this song using &quot;blooming, bloody&quot; instead of &quot;itsy bitsy&quot;. Another printed versions appeared in ''Camp and Trail'' (1911), and ''Journal of [[American Folklore]]'' (1920). It was later published in one of its song's several modern versions in [[Western Folklore]], by the ''California Folklore Society'' (1947), [[Mike Seeger|Mike]], [[Peggy Seeger|Peggy]], and [[Ruth Crawford Seeger]]'s ''American Folk Songs for Children'' (1948), and in ''The Growing Family : A Guide for Parents'' by [[Maxwell Slutz Stewart]] (1955).

Lyrics as described the version in 1910 as they were originally found in a book, which was as the 'classic' &quot;The Spider Song&quot;:

&lt;poem style=&quot;margin-left: 2em;&quot;&gt;Oh, the blooming, bloody spider went up the spider web,
The blooming, bloody rain came down and washed the spider out,
The blooming, bloody sun came out and dried up all the rain,
And the blooming, bloody spider came up the spout again.&lt;/poem&gt; 

A similar ribald version featuring a bloody [[sparrow]] instead of a spider was recorded on December 15, 1879 issue in a [[London]] magazine ''The Pearl'' which goes like this:

&lt;poem style=&quot;margin-left:2em;&quot;&gt;
He was a bloody sparrow 
Lived up a bloody spout
There came a bloody [[thunderstorm]]
And washed the bugger out!
But in a bloody minute, 
They stopped the bloody rain;
So the bloody little sparrow 
Went up the spout again.&lt;/poem&gt;

The song later appeared in publications such as ''The Purple and White at Millsaps College'' (1909) ''Proceedings of the ... Convention of the Indiana Sanitary and Water Supply Association'' (1912), ''Howard University Program'' (1912), ''Camp Fire Girls'' (1912), ''The Oregon Teachers Monthly'' (1912), ''The Chautauquan'' (1912), ''Baltimore and Ohio Employees Railroad Company Magazine'' (1913) and ''Variety (August 1926)''. A version appeared in ''[[Collier's]]'' magazine in December 1913 was describes as a &quot;deathless Cockney lyric&quot;, while it printed a version in the ''Virginian-Pilot and the Norfolk Landmark'' - Volume 49 (November 3, 1913). A reference to the bloody sparrow in this book called ''Reminiscences: Volume One'', by John Orlando Hodge (1828-1912), published in 1902 attributing the poem to a MA is a Harry L. Veil, in Cleveland, Ohio. Also, it was printed in a 1945 book called ''Apples of Eden: A Private Collection of American Folk-Lore''.

In ''[[Symphony No. 4 (Mahler)|Mahler's Symphony No. 4]]'' (1901), Floros divides the movement into five main parts (A – B – A{{sup|1}} – B{{sup|1}} – A{{sup|2}}) followed by a coda. The first theme in G major is played in the beginning of part A by the cellos, a version from 1901 goes like this:

&lt;poem style=&quot;margin-left: 2em;&quot;&gt;Oh! the blooming blasted sparrow went up the oak tree,
The blooming, blasted rain came down and washed the sparrow out,
The blooming, blasted sun came out and dried up all the rain,
And the blooming, blasted sparrow came up the tree again!&lt;/poem&gt;

Some historians think the rhyme may date back to a 1908 magazine ''The Children's Friend'':

&lt;poem style=&quot;margin-left: 2em;&quot;&gt;There was a bloody spider
Went up a bloody spout
There came the rain
And washed the spider out
The bloody sun
And dried up all the rain
But that bloody blooming son of a gun
Went up that spout again. &lt;/poem&gt;

Later, versions of the spider-sparrow where printed in newspapers, journals,  include ''The True Citizen'' (August 25, 1882), ''Brownstown Banner'' (August 10, 1882), ''The Puget Sound Mail'' (August 12, 1882), ''Hickman courier'' (August 11, 1882) ''The Judge'' (July 26, 1884), ''The National Police Gazette'' (November 1, 1884), ''The New York Mirror'' (July 28, 1888), ''The Stamp World: Vol. V-VI'' (July 1889) ''The Atlanta Constitution'' (July 20, 1889), ''Columbus, Enquirer-Sun'' (July 21, 1889), ''Monroe Daily Independent'' (July 22, 1889), ''The Theatre'' - Volume 5 (1888-1889), ''The Griffin Daily News and Sun'' (August 18, 1889), ''Morris Tribune'' (October 2, 1889), ''Alleghany Tribune'' - Volume 4 (September 1, 1882), ''The Evening World'' (June 9, 1894), ''The American Slang Dictionary'' (1891), ''The Papyrus'' - Volume 1 (1907), ''Chance Hits'' (1915), ''National Floodmarks'' (1915), ''The Inside Track'' - Volumes 8-9 (1929), ''American Cattle Producer'' - Volume 5 (1924), ''Commerce and Finance'' - Volume 16 (1927), ''The Producer'' - Volumes 5-6 (1923), ''The Axe-thrower of the Tittabawassee'' (1935), ''The Merrill Studies in The Bridge'' (1970), ''The Autocar'' (1912),'' Odds and Ends of Prose and Verse'' (1902), ''Mekeel's Weekly Stamp News'' - Volume 28 (1914), ''The Santa Fe Magazine'' - Volume 34 (1939), ''California poems and selections'' (1916), ''University of Ottawa review'' (1902), ''The Gallovidian Annual'' (1932), ''The McGill Daily Vol. 04 No. 116: (March 6, 1915)'', ''Archon'' (1914), ''My Colonial Service in British Guiana, St. Lucia, Trinidad, Fiji, Australia, Newfoundland, and Hong Kong, with Interludes'' - Volume 2 (1903), ''Current Politics, Literature, Science and Art'' - Volume 2 (1884), ''Republic of Dreams Greenwich Village: The American Bohemia'' (2007), ''America's war for humanity related in story and picture'' (1898), ''Birds of Lakeside and Prairie'' (1901), ''Birds and Nature'' (1914), ''Specimens of Type, Borders, Ornaments'' (1892), ''Demorest's Monthly Magazine'' - Volume 31 (1894), ''The Robert W. Gordon &quot;Inferno&quot; Collection'' (1928), ''The Anatomy of Swearing'' (1967), ''Navy &amp; Army Illustrated'' - Volume 9 (1899), ''Winged Wonders: A Celebration of Birds in Human History'' (2007), ''The Letters of Thomasina Atkins'' (1918), ''Songs for Lions'' (1929), ''Verse and Verse'' (1930), ''Camp Management: A Manual for Camp Directors'' (1923), ''Billy Whiskers and the Radio'' (1927), ''Record of Proceedings of the Annual Meeting'' (1935), ''Pantaloons and Antics; Or, Doodling with a Hermes'' (1964), ''Foxes and Physic'' (1962),  ''Against the Wall'' (1929), ''Midland Schools Official Organ of the Iowa State Education Association'' - Volume 25 (1910),  ''Fuel Magazine: The Coal Operators National Weekly'' - Volume 17 (1911), ''Dixon Evening Telegraph'' (April 3, 1911), ''The Duluth Herald'' (December  8, 1913), ''Norwich Bulletin (July 31, 1902), ''Dartmouth Alumni Magazine'' (December 1964), and ''Meayrs (May 1971) as &quot;The bleedin' sparrer&quot;:

{{Poem quote|We ‘ad a bleedin’ sparrer wot 
Lived up a bleedin’ spaht 
One day the bleedin’ rain came dahn 
An’ washed the bleeder aht.


An’ as 'e layed ‘arf drahnded 
Dahn in the bleedin’ street 
‘E begged that bleedin’ rainstorm 
To bave ‘is bleedin’ feet.


But then the bleedin’ sun came aht 
Dried up the bleedin’ rain 
So that bleedin’ little sparrer 
‘E climbs up ‘is spaht again.


But, Oh! - the cruel sparrer ‘awk 
‘E spies ‘im in ‘is snuggery 
‘E sharpens up ‘is bleedin’ claws 
An’ rips ‘im aht by thuggery.


Jist then a bleedin’ sportin’ type 
Wot ‘ad a bleedin’ gun 
‘E spots that bleedin’ sparrer ‘awk 
An’ blasts ‘is bleedin’ fun.


The moral of the story 
Is plain to everyone...
That them wot’s up the bleedin’ spaht 
Don’t get no bleedin’ fun.
}}

[Arnold Silcock]] included a parody in [[Cockney dialect]], &quot;The Bleed'n' Sparrer&quot;, in his 1952 compilation ''[[Verse and Worse]]''.

The bloody sparrow version can be found in aircraft books and magazines such as ''Fighter Pilots Songbook Black Widow Squadron'' (1963), ''354th Tactical Fighter Squadron Training Manual'' (1967), ''46th Tactical Fighter Squadron Songbook'' (1970), and ''Flight magazine'' (January 19, 1922). It also appeared in films such as ''[[The Hill (1965 film)|The Hill]]'' (1965), and ''[[White Pongo]]'' (1945).

One of the bloody-rooting spider references was founded in newspapers and books such as ''Cornell Countryman'' - Volumes 41-44 (1945), ''National Sportsman'' - Volume 77 (1937), and ''Blow the Candle Out'' (1955).

The Finland spider named, ''Hämä-hämä-häkki'' can be found in A.S. Packard, Jr.'s 1873 book ''Our Common Insects''.

The term &quot;itsy-bitsy&quot; originated in the late 19th century as a reduplicated baby-talk alteration of &quot;little bit&quot;. The components &quot;itty&quot; (a variant of little) and &quot;bitsy&quot; (a variant of bit) first appeared in print independently in 1798, 1850, 1875, and 1883, respectively, eventually merging into the popular phrase by 1882. 

The creaky sparrow version have founded in a 1780 book ''The Charles ''.

A version of a [[halloween]] sparrow was founded in an 1882 opera called ''The House of the Pumpkin Tree'' that premiered at the [[Niblo's Garden]]. The opera was particularly successfull, the halloween song survived and flourished, and versions can be heard in later ballad operas and musical theaters, including ''The Perfect Girl'' (1889), ''The Rage of the Mansion'' (1892), ''The Playhouse'' (1895), ''The Emergency'' (1897) and ''The Dancing Majors'' (1904).

A creeky sparrow version was published in 1972 in Missouri reported said a guest suffered injuries when falling out of a ride vehicle in a [[Silver Dollar City]] ride [[Fire in the Hole (1972 roller coaster)|Fire in the Hole]] reuses the version:

&lt;poem style=&quot;margin-left: 2em;&quot;&gt;There was a creeky sparrow
Went up a creeky spout
The heavy rain came down
Washed the sparrow out
The sun came out
Dried up all the rain
The creeky sparrow
Went up that spout again. &lt;/poem&gt;

The famous collector J. J. Carty's create a version in 1922 in ''The Bell System technical journal'' and the lyrics began with the following verse:

&lt;poem style=&quot;margin-left: 2em;&quot;&gt;The bloody spider,
Went up a spout,
The bleeding rain came down,
Washed the spider out,
Out came the sun,
Dried up all the rain,
The bloody spider,
Went up that spout again.
&lt;/poem&gt;

A reference to the bloody sparrow in this ''Universal Weekly'' magazine published in 1925 attributing the poem to a Hollywood:

&lt;poem style=&quot;margin-left:2em;&quot;&gt;
He was a bloody sparrow 
Came up a bloody spout
There came a rain
Washed the buggy out
In a bloody sun, 
They stopped the bloody rain;
The bloody little sparrow 
Went up the spout again.&lt;/poem&gt;

Perhaps, the recorded version of the song, when guest suffered injuries when falling out of a ride vehicle, in a 1978 ride, [[Blazing Fury]]:

&lt;poem style=&quot;margin-left: 2em;&quot;&gt;There was a bloody sparrow
Went up a blooming spout
The heavy rain came down
Washed the sparrow out
The sun came out
Dried up all the rain
The bloody sparrow
Went up that spout again. &lt;/poem&gt;
{{listen
 | type        = music | image = none | help = no
 | filename    = Four Ruffles and Flourishes and Hail Columbia.ogg
 | title       = Hail, Columbia
 | filename2   = Chopin, Nocturne in C-sharp minor, Op. Posth.ogg
 | title2      = Nocturne in C-sharp minor, Op. posth. (Chopin)
 | filename3   = Alouette.mid
 | title3      = Alouette 
 | filename4   = Spannenlanger Hansel.mid
 | tile4       = Spannenlanger Hansel
 | description4 = These songs uses the same tune of &quot;Itsy Bitsy Spider&quot;.
}}
The song is sung by and for children in countless languages and cultures. It is similar to the melodies ([[metric line]]) of the songs, &quot;[[Hail, Columbia]]&quot;, &quot;[[Chopin, Nocturne in C-sharp minor, Op. Posth]]&quot;, &quot;[[Alouette (song)|Alouette]]&quot;, &quot;[[Down by the Station]]&quot;, &quot;Climbing Up the Golden Stairs&quot;, &quot;Sweetly Sings the Donkey&quot; in the United States, and &quot;{{ill|Auf der Mauer, auf der Lauer|de}}&quot; (1890), &quot;Ich bin ein kleiner Esel&quot; (&quot;I'm a little donkey&quot;, the German-language version of &quot;Sweetly Sings the Donkey&quot;) and &quot;{{ill|Spannenlanger Hansel|de}}&quot; (1838) (see: [[Hansel and Gretel]]) in German-speaking countries.

== Score ==
&lt;score sound raw&gt;
\header { tagline = ##f }
\layout { indent = 0\cm \context { \Score \remove &quot;Bar_number_engraver&quot; } }

global = { \key g \major \time 6/8 \partial 8 }

right = \relative g' { \global
  d8 | g4 g8 g4 a8 | b4. b4 b8 | a4 g8 a4 b8 | g2. |
  b4. b4 c8 | d4. d | c4 b8 c4 d8 b2. |
  g4. g4 a8 | b4. b | a4 g8 a4 b8 | g4.
  fis4 fis8 | g4 g8 g4 a8 | b4. b4 b8 | a4 g8 a4 b8 | g4. ~g4 \bar &quot;|.&quot;
}

left = \relative g { \global
  d'8 | g,4 r8 &lt;b d&gt;4 r8 | g4 r8 &lt;b d&gt;4 r8 | fis4 r8 &lt;c' d&gt;4 r8 | g4 r8 &lt;b d&gt;4 r8 |
  g4 r8 d'4 c8 | b4 a8 g4. | fis4 r8 &lt;c' d&gt;4 r8 | g4 r8 &lt;b d&gt;4 r8 |
  g4 r8 &lt;b d&gt;4 r8 | g4 r8 &lt;b d&gt;4 r8 | fis4 r8 &lt;c' d&gt;4 r8 | g4
  r8 d'4 d8 | g,4 r8 b4 a8 | g8 b c d4 r8 | fis,4 r8 &lt;c' d&gt;4 r8 | &lt;g b&gt;4. ~&lt;g b&gt;4 \bar &quot;|.&quot;
}

verse = \lyricmode {
  The it -- sy bit -- sy spi -- der crawled up the wa -- ter spout.
  Down came the rain and washed the spi -- der out!
  Up came the sun and dried up all the rain.
  And the it -- sy bit -- sy spi -- der went up the spout a -- gain.
} 

kords = \chordmode { \set ChordNames.midiInstrument = &quot;acoustic guitar (steel)&quot;
  \set chordChanges = ##t d,8 | g,2. | g,2. | d,2.:7 | g,2. |
  \set chordChanges = ##f g,2. | d,2.:7 | \set chordChanges = ##t d,2.:7 | g,2. |
  \set chordChanges = ##f g,2. | e,2.:m | \set chordChanges = ##t e,2.:m | g,2. |
  g,2. | g,2. | d,2.:7 | g,4. ~g,4 \bar &quot;|.&quot;
}

\score {
  \new PianoStaff &lt;&lt;
    \new ChordNames { \kords }
    \new Staff = &quot;right&quot; \with { midiInstrument = &quot;clarinet&quot; }
    \right
    \addlyrics { \verse }
    \new Staff = &quot;left&quot; \with { midiInstrument = &quot;acoustic grand&quot; }
    { \clef bass \left }
  &gt;&gt;
  \layout { }
  \midi { \context { \ChordNames midiMaximumVolume = #0.8 }
    \tempo 4.=112
  }
}
&lt;/score&gt;

==Videos==
&lt;gallery widths=&quot;400&quot; heights=&quot;300&quot; showfilename=&quot;yes&quot;&gt;
File:Itsy Bitsy Spider - La Araña Pequeñita.webm|American variant with American accent, followed by Spanish language version. 
File:Insey winsey spider song video.webm|British variant, American accent
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== References ==
# https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/97265265
# https://www.bbc.co.uk/teach/school-radio/nursery-rhymes-incy-wincy-spider/zr4yt39
# https://www.ladbible.com/community/incy-wincy-spider-dark-meaning-543924-20230113
# http://www.datsplat.com/words-to-the-itsy-bitsy-spider/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260215052014/https://www.datsplat.com/words-to-the-itsy-bitsy-spider/ |date=2026-02-15 }}
# https://archive.org/details/campcaminoinlowe00nort_0#page/n338/mode/2up
# https://archive.org/details/camptrail01whit#page/n203/mode/2up
# https://archive.org/details/journalofamefolk32ameruoft#page/n445/mode/2up
# https://www.jstor.org/stable/1496690
# https://archive.org/details/americanfolksong0000seeg/page/126/mode/2up
# https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000977986
# https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wZMq75G7MpQ
# https://archive.org/details/pearl_1-6/page/n178/mode/2up
# https://archive.org/details/millsapscollegepurpleandwhite19081909_201509#page/n54/mode/2up
# https://books.google.com/books?id=0e0TAAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=RA2-PA105
# https://www.in.gov/history/files/publichealth.pdf
# https://dh.howard.edu/hugradpro/59/
# https://books.google.com/books?id=FvqDbf4az0IC&amp;pg=PA24&amp;source=gbs_toc_r&amp;cad=2
# https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.a0004602793
# https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=iau.31858055201887
# https://archive.org/details/baltimoreohioemp01balt#page/n584mode
# https://archive.org/details/variety84-1926-08#page/n110mode
# https://books.google.com/books?id=Fl8wAQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=RA12-PA35&amp;dq=There+Was+a+Bloomin+Sparra&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwisl86H-qiFAxWWj4kEHfpJAi0Q6AF6BAgEEAI#v=onepage&amp;q=There%20Was%20a%20Bloomin%20Sparra&amp;f=false
# https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&amp;d=VPTNL19131103.1.6&amp;e=-------en-20--61--txt-txIN-bloody+sparrow--------
# https://archive.org/details/reminiscences02hodg#page/n382/mode/2up
# https://archive.org/details/1945applesofeden/page/n11/mode/2up
# https://archive.org/details/gustavmahlersymp0000flor
# https://www.google.com/books/edition/_/q9kRAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjshtWy3rSUAxUpmokEHY_AKhwQre8FegQIAxABpg=RA2-PA29
# https://gahistoricnewspapers.galileo.usg.edu/lccn/sn89053289/1882-08-25/ed-1/seq-6/
# https://newspaperarchive.com/brownstown-banner-aug-10-1882-p-1/
# https://washingtondigitalnewspapers.org/?a=d&amp;d=PUGSNDML18820812.1.4&amp;
# https://archive.org/details/xt786688k30x/page/n0/mode/2up
# https://archive.org/details/sim_judge_1884-07-26_6_145/page/n5/mode/2up
# https://archive.org/details/sim_national-police-gazette_1884-11-01_45_371/page/n1/mode/2up
# 
# https://archive.org/details/per_new-york-dramatic-mirror_the-new-york-mirror_1888-07-28_20_500/page/n2/mode/2up
# https://archive.org/details/1889thestampworld1/page/n33/mode/2up
# https://archive.org/details/per_atlanta-constitution_1889-07-20_21/page/n3/mode/2up
# https://gahistoricnewspapers.galileo.usg.edu/lccn/sn84024799/1889-07-21/ed-1/seq-2/
# https://newspaperarchive.com/monroe-daily-independent-jul-22-1889-p-1/
# https://books.google.com/books?id=QuYRAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA418&amp;dq=bloody+sparrow+went+up+the+bloody+spout&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwj27r_fiLuVAxX3D1kFHRp2PY0Q6AF6BAgKEAM
# https://gahistoricnewspapers.galileo.usg.edu/lccn/sn89053183/1889-08-18/ed-1/seq-4/#words=bloody+sparrow
# https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESnwEB7keqTcxDew0Sv9UZTOu-pDaP4rQbjGhOXSX7zVsIr7NdOGQAj0RrTbxI9xG4ZacFo5eXc6qr4hx5XJ3n9j-BkHaKk7FWwjxC7YkVAN2fUSFkHRYHyUt-nhm_G4vejgfE6eDdOwIdCr8L2ghvwwVAg1UeSNjXEE2U8-tcJyUXxrz1LQBrdzlSQ8RdQUK0ySQC618j3URiwvY-qsHcJoM=
# https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&amp;d=ATB18820901.1.4&amp;e=-------en-20--21--txt-txIN-bloody+sparrow--------
# https://www.nyshistoricnewspapers.org/?a=d&amp;d=tew18940609-03.1.4&amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-bloody+sparrow+went+the+spout---------
# https://books.google.com/books?id=uLNZAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA36&amp;dq=bloody+sparrow+went+up+the+bloody+spout&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwibhvjUibuVAxXQFVkFHfWxCho4ChDoAXoECAgQAw
# https://books.google.com/books?id=n7znAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA7&amp;dq=bloody+sparrow+went+up+the+bloody+spout&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwj27r_fiLuVAxX3D1kFHRp2PY0Q6AF6BAgJEAM
# https://books.google.com/books?id=4CcgAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA95&amp;dq=bloody+sparrow+went+up+the+bloody+spout&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwj27r_fiLuVAxX3D1kFHRp2PY0Q6AF6BAgQEAM
# https://books.google.com/books?id=iL00AAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA101&amp;dq=bloody+sparrow+went+up+the+bloody+spout&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwj27r_fiLuVAxX3D1kFHRp2PY0Q6AF6BAgMEAM
# https://books.google.com/books?id=evk8AAAAIAAJ&amp;q=bloody+sparrow+went+up+the+bloody+spout&amp;dq=bloody+sparrow+went+up+the+bloody+spout&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwj27r_fiLuVAxX3D1kFHRp2PY0Q6AF6BAgPEAM
# https://books.google.com/books?id=S8qVjIE-trwC&amp;pg=RA8-PA15&amp;dq=bloody+sparrow+went+up+the+bloody+spout&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjE-tSairuVAxXRFVkFHdKKN4s4ChDoAXoECA4QAw
# https://books.google.com/books?id=GAtli-kuoggC&amp;pg=PA1750&amp;dq=bloody+sparrow+went+up+the+bloody+spout&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjE-tSairuVAxXRFVkFHdKKN4s4ChDoAXoECAsQAw
# https://books.google.com/books?id=_DZmYt6D-i4C&amp;pg=RA15-PA15&amp;dq=bloody+sparrow+went+up+the+bloody+spout&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjE-tSairuVAxXRFVkFHdKKN4s4ChDoAXoECAwQAw
# https://books.google.com/books?id=4Fg1AAAAMAAJ&amp;q=bloody+sparrow+went+up+the+bloody+spout&amp;dq=bloody+sparrow+went+up+the+bloody+spout&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjE-tSairuVAxXRFVkFHdKKN4s4ChDoAXoECAkQAw
# https://books.google.com/books?id=r4daAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=bloody+sparrow+went+up+the+bloody+spout&amp;dq=bloody+sparrow+went+up+the+bloody+spout&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjE-tSairuVAxXRFVkFHdKKN4s4ChDoAXoECBAQAw
# https://books.google.com/books?id=RoPmAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA300-IA1&amp;dq=blooming+sparrow&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwigmMHviLuVAxW1M1kFHbp-PaUQ6AF6BAgMEAM
# https://books.google.com/books?id=lTEZAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA46&amp;dq=blooming+sparrow&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwigmMHviLuVAxW1M1kFHbp-PaUQ6AF6BAgKEAM
# https://books.google.com/books?id=ouUnAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA235&amp;dq=blooming+sparrow&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwigmMHviLuVAxW1M1kFHbp-PaUQ6AF6BAgIEAM
# https://archive.org/details/californiapoemss00haag/page/n61/mode/2up
# https://archive.org/details/v5universityofot1902univ/page/n155/mode/2up
# https://archive.org/details/gallovidianannua0000doro/page/n87/mode/2up
# https://archive.org/details/McGillLibrary-mcgill-daily-v04-n116-march-06-1915-5927/page/n1/mode/2up
# https://archive.org/details/archonmar1914dumm/page/n25/mode/2up/
# https://books.google.com/books?id=hsPTzwM6p9QC&amp;pg=PA177&amp;dq=blooming+sparrow&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiU5J3s8smVAxW7EFkFHXTRE0MQ6AF6BAgOEAM
# https://books.google.com/books?id=0xDnAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA270&amp;dq=bloody+sparrow+went+up+a+blooming+spout&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwj2qYaX9MmVAxVglIkEHVybOpYQ6AF6BAgJEAM
# https://books.google.com/books?id=ADqRn3ucaBQC&amp;pg=PA479&amp;dq=bloody+sparrow+went+up+a+bloody+spout&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjAiNnR9MmVAxXTrokEHRTuJ_MQ6AF6BAgHEAM
# https://archive.org/stream/americaswarforhu00newy/americaswarforhu00newy#page/n255/mode/1up
# https://books.google.com/books?id=izcIAQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA100&amp;dq=bloomin+sparrow&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiS2OrIzeWVAxWYj4kEHQXqJwg4ChDoAXoECAwQAw
# https://books.google.com/books?id=hzJEAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA446&amp;dq=bloomin+sparrow&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiS2OrIzeWVAxWYj4kEHQXqJwg4ChDoAXoECAcQAw
# https://books.google.com/books?id=alNBAQAAMAAJ&amp;q=sparrow+spout+wind+and+rain&amp;dq=sparrow+spout+wind+and+rain&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwigirjyou-VAxVarYkEHQ1iNYQ4ChDoAXoECAcQAw
# https://books.google.com/books?id=xphPAQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA222&amp;dq=sparrer+went+up+the+spout&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwic29Lvn--VAxV2D1kFHVhmGvUQ6AF6BAgNEAM
# https://books.google.com/books?id=qOdw7iaMDIkC&amp;pg=PT148&amp;dq=sparrer+went+up+the+spout&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwic29Lvn--VAxV2D1kFHVhmGvUQ6AF6BAgJEAM
# https://books.google.com/books?id=QERsPn0nN-YC&amp;pg=PA272&amp;dq=sparrer+went+up+the+spout&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwic29Lvn--VAxV2D1kFHVhmGvUQ6AF6BAgKEAM
# https://books.google.com/books?id=k1hvhzk5QgcC&amp;pg=PA87&amp;dq=sparrer+went+up+the+spout&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwic29Lvn--VAxV2D1kFHVhmGvUQ6AF6BAgMEAM
# https://books.google.com/books?id=G0ZHAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=sparrer+went+up+the+spout&amp;dq=sparrer+went+up+the+spout&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiFpJL1oe-VAxUilYkEHbAPGvk4ChDoAXoECAcQAw
# https://books.google.com/books?id=zgrPAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA118&amp;dq=sparrow+built+up+a+spout&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjKvvKnou-VAxWvk4kEHQTtCIIQ6AF6BAgJEAM
# https://books.google.com/books?id=nbud7Dw4STgC&amp;pg=PA102&amp;dq=the+spider+and+the+spout&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjb9p7Go--VAxXA5ckDHfz1HfoQ6AF6BAgIEAM
# https://books.google.com/books?id=SedOAQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA32&amp;dq=spider+and+the+spout&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiX5-Ts5YSWAxWsjIkEHT1HHy44ChDoAXoECAsQAw
# https://books.google.com/books?id=SRPOAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA196&amp;dq=spider+and+the+spout&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiX5-Ts5YSWAxWsjIkEHT1HHy44ChDoAXoECA0QAw
# https://books.google.com/books?id=NLPxaOceu2sC&amp;pg=PA139&amp;dq=spider+and+the+spout&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwj47qGC5oSWAxX1m4kEHcGAHzY4HhDoAXoECAwQAw
# https://books.google.com/books?id=BDdUM-1YpAsC&amp;q=there+was+a+sparrow+went+up+a+spout&amp;dq=there+was+a+sparrow+went+up+a+spout&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjko6yG6JKWAxXbF2IAHXv6JHs4WhDoAXoECAsQAw
# https://books.google.com/books?id=ODBMAAAAIAAJ&amp;q=there+was+a+sparrow+went+up+a+spout&amp;dq=there+was+a+sparrow+went+up+a+spout&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiv6P-A6JKWAxXbKlkFHVudK_E4UBDoAXoECAwQAw
# https://books.google.com/books?id=uuk6AAAAMAAJ&amp;q=There+was+a+bloomin+sparra&amp;dq=There+was+a+bloomin+sparra&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwil-K3Kw-OWAxXlLlkFHRqBLCE4FBDoAXoECBIQAw
# https://books.google.com/books?id=vA8xAAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA149&amp;dq=spider+and+the+went+up+the+spout+again&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiGjpvc55KWAxWkLFkFHapeKDc4KBDoAXoECBAQAw
# https://books.google.com/books?id=pUFIAQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA236&amp;dq=there+was+a+sparrow+went+up+a+spout&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwil1eqc6JKWAxWkGVkFHXi_Dxw4MhDoAXoECBAQAw
# https://books.google.com/books?id=Y7IcAQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA277&amp;dq=bloomin+sparrow+blasted+spout&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwi-5M_W6JKWAxUUGlkFHYcUFhk4ChDoAXoECAkQAw
# https://archive.org/details/dixon-evening-telegraph-1911-04-03/page/n5/mode/2up
#https://archive.org/details/dec2191302dulu/page/n79/mode/2up
# https://archive.org/details/norwichbulletinj00bull_2/page/n234/mode/2up
# https://archive.dartmouthalumnimagazine.com/article/1964/12/1/1911
# https://www.blipfoto.com/entry/2182029548168679413
# https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.72966/page/n37/mode/2up
# https://archive.org/details/1963fighterpilotssongbookblackwidowsquadron#page/n138/mode/2up
#https://archive.org/details/1967354thtacticalfightersdrntrainingmanual/page/n131/mode/2up
# https://archive.org/details/1970s-46thtacticalfightersquadronsongbookfromreeves/page/n135/mode/2up
# https://archive.org/details/Flight_International_Magazine_1922-01-19-pdf/page/n7/mode/2up
# https://ok.ru/video/7961626544846?st._aid=VideoState_open_search
# https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1R6jSub-f8g&amp;t=488s
# https://books.google.com/books?id=FMbweex1qNEC&amp;q=bloody+spider+went+up+the+bloody+spout&amp;dq=bloody+spider+went+up+the+bloody+spout&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiy4NP1h7uVAxU5FVkFHd0VFVMQ6AF6BAgLEAM
# https://books.google.com/books?id=adAcAQAAMAAJ&amp;q=bloody+spider+went+up+the+bloody+spout&amp;dq=bloody+spider+went+up+the+bloody+spout&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiy4NP1h7uVAxU5FVkFHd0VFVMQ6AF6BAgQEAM
# https://books.google.com/books?id=S93LdPw2KP0C&amp;pg=PA676&amp;dq=bloody+spider+went+up+the+bloody+spout&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiy4NP1h7uVAxU5FVkFHd0VFVMQ6AF6BAgHEAM
# https://archive.org/details/ourcommoninsects00packrich#page/n17/mode/2up
# https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESTQHuR6pNypATq0YkuRkHv5LBnlE7LYWD3BYZjzGmCoRYYMGf-l6J4WaKQcECMyIY0xEyFq2rOYusTJq0N4Wp-jRSdRieAejxoyS_uVYI
# https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESUAHuR6pNhoMIuFt1JnLijLZFer9VaiY5he5xIEKwCsEVv00Cpb0oaAXZhjmf0kPctxirPRFjdwLk-Zpo49plSE9fZw6B-V5MkiaJQD70uVDC
# https://archive.org/details/americanwarfrom100smit#page/n174/mode/2up
# https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6wBdjLMM7Ns
# https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-kansas-city-times-injured-on-silver/66919121/
# https://archive.org/details/bellsystemtechni08amerrich#page/n616mode
# https://archive.org/details/universalweekly100movi_3/page/n430/mode/1up#page/n430mode
# https://www.reddit.com/r/Dollywood/comments/1ltvp75/blazing_fury_during_late_70s_and_early_80s/
# https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M8edn8lOi78&amp;pp=0gcJCZkLAYcqIYzv
# https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PHpHx0Zszn4&amp;ab_channel=MarkusBrylka
# https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L_hFw_cWg9U
# https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LRV-797awEQ
# https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SOKxVWqW1Fk
# https://www.candomusic.ca/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/sweetly-sings-the-donkey-pdf.pdf
# http://www.labbe.de/liederbaum/index.asp?themaid=23&amp;titelid=120
# https://www.mamalisa.com/?t=es&amp;p=3723
# https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CFcobdL8aO8
# https://makingmusicfun.net/public/assets/pdf/sheet_music/itsy-bitsy-spider-piano.pdf

==Elsewhere in the Wikiverse==
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itsy_Bitsy_Spider 'Itsy Bitsy Spider' on Wikipedia]

[[Category:Nursery Rhymes and Songs]]</text>
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      <text bytes="30209" sha1="47oex1cbjo857wnql0w6km8r02odm5d" xml:space="preserve">&quot;'''The Itsy Bitsy Spider'''&quot; (also known as &quot;'''The Incey Wincey Spider'''&quot; in Australia or &quot;'''Incy Wincy Spider'''&quot; in the United Kingdom, and other anglophone countries) is a popular [[nursery rhyme]], [[folksong]], and [[fingerplay]] that describes the adventures of a [[spider]] as it ascends, descends, and re-ascends the downspout or &quot;waterspout&quot; of a [[Rain gutter|gutter]] system or, alternatively, the spout of a [[teapot]], or open-air reservoir. It is usually accompanied by a sequence of gestures that mimic the words of the song.

One claim says that the rhyme is based on a song called “Tipsy Dipsy Hobo” and was a reference to the [[Safety|dangers]] of a [[person]] getting [[drunk]] and trying to climb on board of [[trains]], risking a fatal [[injury]]. But it doesn’t appear to be any credible source for this interpretation.

==Lyrics==
A commonly used version uses these words and gestures:

{|
!Words!!Fingerplay
|-
|&lt;poem&gt;The itsy bitsy spider climbed up the waterspout.
Down came the rain
And washed the spider out.
Out came the sun
And dried up all the rain
And the itsy bitsy spider climbed up the spout again.&lt;/poem&gt;
|style=&quot;padding-left:2em;&quot;|&lt;poem&gt;Alternately touch the thumb of one hand to the index finger of the other.
Hold both hands up and wiggle the fingers as the hands are lowered.
Sweep the hands from side to side.
Raise both hands and sweep to the sides to form a semicircle as the sun.
Wiggle fingers upwards.
(As in the first line)&lt;/poem&gt;
|}

===British variant===
&lt;poem&gt;
The incy wincy spider climbed up the water spout, ''(Touch left thumb to right forefinger, then left forefinger to right thumb, whilst moving hands upwards)''
Down came the rain and washed the spider out. ''(Wiggle fingers of both hands, palm out, whilst moving hands down; then make sweeping motion with both hands, center outwards)''
Out came the sun and dried up all the rain, ''(Lifting motion with both hands)''
And the incy wincy spider climbed up the spout again. ''(Touch left thumb to right forefinger, then left forefinger to right thumb, whilst moving hands upwards)''
&lt;/poem&gt;

Other versions exist.

== Origin ==
The origin for the song is unknown. It was first published in musical publications, such as the earliest known recorded version in the book ''Camp and Camino in Lower California, A Record of The Adventures of The Author While Exploring [[Baja California peninsula|Peninsular California, Mexico]]'' (1910), by Arthur Walbridge North (1874–1943), page 279-280, where it is referred to as (the classic) &quot;The Spider Song&quot;. It appears to be a more adult version of this song using &quot;blooming, bloody&quot; instead of &quot;itsy bitsy&quot;. Another printed versions appeared in ''Camp and Trail'' (1911), and ''Journal of [[American Folklore]]'' (1920). It was later published in one of its song's several modern versions in [[Western Folklore]], by the ''California Folklore Society'' (1947), [[Mike Seeger|Mike]], [[Peggy Seeger|Peggy]], and [[Ruth Crawford Seeger]]'s ''American Folk Songs for Children'' (1948), and in ''The Growing Family : A Guide for Parents'' by [[Maxwell Slutz Stewart]] (1955).

Lyrics as described the version in 1910 as they were originally found in a book, which was as the 'classic' &quot;The Spider Song&quot;:

&lt;poem style=&quot;margin-left: 2em;&quot;&gt;Oh, the blooming, bloody spider went up the spider web,
The blooming, bloody rain came down and washed the spider out,
The blooming, bloody sun came out and dried up all the rain,
And the blooming, bloody spider came up the spout again.&lt;/poem&gt; 

A similar ribald version featuring a bloody [[sparrow]] instead of a spider was recorded on December 15, 1879 issue in a [[London]] magazine ''The Pearl'' which goes like this:

&lt;poem style=&quot;margin-left:2em;&quot;&gt;
He was a bloody sparrow 
Lived up a bloody spout
There came a bloody [[thunderstorm]]
And washed the bugger out!
But in a bloody minute, 
They stopped the bloody rain;
So the bloody little sparrow 
Went up the spout again.&lt;/poem&gt;

The song later appeared in publications such as ''The Purple and White at Millsaps College'' (1909) ''Proceedings of the ... Convention of the Indiana Sanitary and Water Supply Association'' (1912), ''Howard University Program'' (1912), ''Camp Fire Girls'' (1912), ''The Oregon Teachers Monthly'' (1912), ''The Chautauquan'' (1912), ''Baltimore and Ohio Employees Railroad Company Magazine'' (1913) and ''Variety (August 1926)''. A version appeared in ''[[Collier's]]'' magazine in December 1913 was describes as a &quot;deathless Cockney lyric&quot;, while it printed a version in the ''Virginian-Pilot and the Norfolk Landmark'' - Volume 49 (November 3, 1913). A reference to the bloody sparrow in this book called ''Reminiscences: Volume One'', by John Orlando Hodge (1828-1912), published in 1902 attributing the poem to a MA is a Harry L. Veil, in Cleveland, Ohio. Also, it was printed in a 1945 book called ''Apples of Eden: A Private Collection of American Folk-Lore''.

In ''[[Symphony No. 4 (Mahler)|Mahler's Symphony No. 4]]'' (1901), Floros divides the movement into five main parts (A – B – A{{sup|1}} – B{{sup|1}} – A{{sup|2}}) followed by a coda. The first theme in G major is played in the beginning of part A by the cellos, a version from 1901 goes like this:

&lt;poem style=&quot;margin-left: 2em;&quot;&gt;Oh! the blooming blasted sparrow went up the oak tree,
The blooming, blasted rain came down and washed the sparrow out,
The blooming, blasted sun came out and dried up all the rain,
And the blooming, blasted sparrow came up the tree again!&lt;/poem&gt;

Some historians think the rhyme may date back to a 1908 magazine ''The Children's Friend'':

&lt;poem style=&quot;margin-left: 2em;&quot;&gt;There was a bloody spider
Went up a bloody spout
There came the rain
And washed the spider out
The bloody sun
And dried up all the rain
But that bloody blooming son of a gun
Went up that spout again. &lt;/poem&gt;

Later, versions of the spider-sparrow where printed in newspapers, journals,  include ''The True Citizen'' (August 25, 1882), ''Brownstown Banner'' (August 10, 1882), ''The Puget Sound Mail'' (August 12, 1882), ''Hickman courier'' (August 11, 1882) ''The Judge'' (July 26, 1884), ''The National Police Gazette'' (November 1, 1884), ''The New York Mirror'' (July 28, 1888), ''The Stamp World: Vol. V-VI'' (July 1889) ''The Atlanta Constitution'' (July 20, 1889), ''Columbus, Enquirer-Sun'' (July 21, 1889), ''Monroe Daily Independent'' (July 22, 1889), ''The Theatre'' - Volume 5 (1888-1889), ''The Griffin Daily News and Sun'' (August 18, 1889), ''Morris Tribune'' (October 2, 1889), ''Alleghany Tribune'' - Volume 4 (September 1, 1882), ''The Evening World'' (June 9, 1894), ''The American Slang Dictionary'' (1891), ''The Papyrus'' - Volume 1 (1907), ''Chance Hits'' (1915), ''National Floodmarks'' (1915), ''The Inside Track'' - Volumes 8-9 (1929), ''American Cattle Producer'' - Volume 5 (1924), ''Commerce and Finance'' - Volume 16 (1927), ''The Producer'' - Volumes 5-6 (1923), ''The Axe-thrower of the Tittabawassee'' (1935), ''The Merrill Studies in The Bridge'' (1970), ''The Autocar'' (1912),'' Odds and Ends of Prose and Verse'' (1902), ''Mekeel's Weekly Stamp News'' - Volume 28 (1914), ''The Santa Fe Magazine'' - Volume 34 (1939), ''California poems and selections'' (1916), ''University of Ottawa review'' (1902), ''The Gallovidian Annual'' (1932), ''The McGill Daily Vol. 04 No. 116: (March 6, 1915)'', ''Archon'' (1914), ''My Colonial Service in British Guiana, St. Lucia, Trinidad, Fiji, Australia, Newfoundland, and Hong Kong, with Interludes'' - Volume 2 (1903), ''Current Politics, Literature, Science and Art'' - Volume 2 (1884), ''Republic of Dreams Greenwich Village: The American Bohemia'' (2007), ''America's war for humanity related in story and picture'' (1898), ''Birds of Lakeside and Prairie'' (1901), ''Birds and Nature'' (1914), ''Specimens of Type, Borders, Ornaments'' (1892), ''Demorest's Monthly Magazine'' - Volume 31 (1894), ''The Robert W. Gordon &quot;Inferno&quot; Collection'' (1928), ''The Anatomy of Swearing'' (1967), ''Navy &amp; Army Illustrated'' - Volume 9 (1899), ''Winged Wonders: A Celebration of Birds in Human History'' (2007), ''The Letters of Thomasina Atkins'' (1918), ''Songs for Lions'' (1929), ''Verse and Verse'' (1930), ''Camp Management: A Manual for Camp Directors'' (1923), ''Billy Whiskers and the Radio'' (1927), ''Record of Proceedings of the Annual Meeting'' (1935), ''Pantaloons and Antics; Or, Doodling with a Hermes'' (1964), ''Foxes and Physic'' (1962),  ''Against the Wall'' (1929), ''Midland Schools Official Organ of the Iowa State Education Association'' - Volume 25 (1910),  ''Fuel Magazine: The Coal Operators National Weekly'' - Volume 17 (1911), ''Dixon Evening Telegraph'' (April 3, 1911), ''The Duluth Herald'' (December  8, 1913), ''Norwich Bulletin (July 31, 1902), ''Dartmouth Alumni Magazine'' (December 1964), and ''Meayrs (May 1971) as &quot;The bleedin' sparrer&quot;:

{{Poem quote|We ‘ad a bleedin’ sparrer wot 
Lived up a bleedin’ spaht 
One day the bleedin’ rain came dahn 
An’ washed the bleeder aht.


An’ as 'e layed ‘arf drahnded 
Dahn in the bleedin’ street 
‘E begged that bleedin’ rainstorm 
To bave ‘is bleedin’ feet.


But then the bleedin’ sun came aht 
Dried up the bleedin’ rain 
So that bleedin’ little sparrer 
‘E climbs up ‘is spaht again.


But, Oh! - the cruel sparrer ‘awk 
‘E spies ‘im in ‘is snuggery 
‘E sharpens up ‘is bleedin’ claws 
An’ rips ‘im aht by thuggery.


Jist then a bleedin’ sportin’ type 
Wot ‘ad a bleedin’ gun 
‘E spots that bleedin’ sparrer ‘awk 
An’ blasts ‘is bleedin’ fun.


The moral of the story 
Is plain to everyone...
That them wot’s up the bleedin’ spaht 
Don’t get no bleedin’ fun.
}}

[[Arnold Silcock]] included a parody in [[Cockney dialect]], &quot;The Bleed'n' Sparrer&quot;, in his 1952 compilation ''[[Verse and Worse]]''.

The bloody sparrow version can be found in aircraft books and magazines such as ''Fighter Pilots Songbook Black Widow Squadron'' (1963), ''354th Tactical Fighter Squadron Training Manual'' (1967), ''46th Tactical Fighter Squadron Songbook'' (1970), and ''Flight magazine'' (January 19, 1922). It also appeared in films such as ''[[The Hill (1965 film)|The Hill]]'' (1965), and ''[[White Pongo]]'' (1945).

One of the bloody-rooting spider references was founded in newspapers and books such as ''Cornell Countryman'' - Volumes 41-44 (1945), ''National Sportsman'' - Volume 77 (1937), and ''Blow the Candle Out'' (1955).

The Finland spider named, ''Hämä-hämä-häkki'' can be found in A.S. Packard, Jr.'s 1873 book ''Our Common Insects''.

The term &quot;itsy-bitsy&quot; originated in the late 19th century as a reduplicated baby-talk alteration of &quot;little bit&quot;. The components &quot;itty&quot; (a variant of little) and &quot;bitsy&quot; (a variant of bit) first appeared in print independently in 1798, 1850, 1875, and 1883, respectively, eventually merging into the popular phrase by 1882. 

The creaky sparrow version have founded in a 1780 book ''The Charles ''.

A version of a [[halloween]] sparrow was founded in an 1882 opera called ''The House of the Pumpkin Tree'' that premiered at the [[Niblo's Garden]]. The opera was particularly successfull, the halloween song survived and flourished, and versions can be heard in later ballad operas and musical theaters, including ''The Perfect Girl'' (1889), ''The Rage of the Mansion'' (1892), ''The Playhouse'' (1895), ''The Emergency'' (1897) and ''The Dancing Majors'' (1904).

A creeky sparrow version was published in 1972 in Missouri reported said a guest suffered injuries when falling out of a ride vehicle in a [[Silver Dollar City]] ride [[Fire in the Hole (1972 roller coaster)|Fire in the Hole]] reuses the version:

&lt;poem style=&quot;margin-left: 2em;&quot;&gt;There was a creeky sparrow
Went up a creeky spout
The heavy rain came down
Washed the sparrow out
The sun came out
Dried up all the rain
The creeky sparrow
Went up that spout again. &lt;/poem&gt;

The famous collector J. J. Carty's create a version in 1922 in ''The Bell System technical journal'' and the lyrics began with the following verse:

&lt;poem style=&quot;margin-left: 2em;&quot;&gt;The bloody spider,
Went up a spout,
The bleeding rain came down,
Washed the spider out,
Out came the sun,
Dried up all the rain,
The bloody spider,
Went up that spout again.
&lt;/poem&gt;

A reference to the bloody sparrow in this ''Universal Weekly'' magazine published in 1925 attributing the poem to a Hollywood:

&lt;poem style=&quot;margin-left:2em;&quot;&gt;
He was a bloody sparrow 
Came up a bloody spout
There came a rain
Washed the buggy out
In a bloody sun, 
They stopped the bloody rain;
The bloody little sparrow 
Went up the spout again.&lt;/poem&gt;

Perhaps, the recorded version of the song, when guest suffered injuries when falling out of a ride vehicle, in a 1978 ride, [[Blazing Fury]]:

&lt;poem style=&quot;margin-left: 2em;&quot;&gt;There was a bloody sparrow
Went up a blooming spout
The heavy rain came down
Washed the sparrow out
The sun came out
Dried up all the rain
The bloody sparrow
Went up that spout again. &lt;/poem&gt;
{{listen
 | type        = music | image = none | help = no
 | filename    = Four Ruffles and Flourishes and Hail Columbia.ogg
 | title       = Hail, Columbia
 | filename2   = Chopin, Nocturne in C-sharp minor, Op. Posth.ogg
 | title2      = Nocturne in C-sharp minor, Op. posth. (Chopin)
 | filename3   = Alouette.mid
 | title3      = Alouette 
 | filename4   = Spannenlanger Hansel.mid
 | tile4       = Spannenlanger Hansel
 | description4 = These songs uses the same tune of &quot;Itsy Bitsy Spider&quot;.
}}
The song is sung by and for children in countless languages and cultures. It is similar to the melodies ([[metric line]]) of the songs, &quot;[[Hail, Columbia]]&quot;, &quot;[[Chopin, Nocturne in C-sharp minor, Op. Posth]]&quot;, &quot;[[Alouette (song)|Alouette]]&quot;, &quot;[[Down by the Station]]&quot;, &quot;Climbing Up the Golden Stairs&quot;, &quot;Sweetly Sings the Donkey&quot; in the United States, and &quot;{{ill|Auf der Mauer, auf der Lauer|de}}&quot; (1890), &quot;Ich bin ein kleiner Esel&quot; (&quot;I'm a little donkey&quot;, the German-language version of &quot;Sweetly Sings the Donkey&quot;) and &quot;{{ill|Spannenlanger Hansel|de}}&quot; (1838) (see: [[Hansel and Gretel]]) in German-speaking countries.

== Score ==
&lt;score sound raw&gt;
\header { tagline = ##f }
\layout { indent = 0\cm \context { \Score \remove &quot;Bar_number_engraver&quot; } }

global = { \key g \major \time 6/8 \partial 8 }

right = \relative g' { \global
  d8 | g4 g8 g4 a8 | b4. b4 b8 | a4 g8 a4 b8 | g2. |
  b4. b4 c8 | d4. d | c4 b8 c4 d8 b2. |
  g4. g4 a8 | b4. b | a4 g8 a4 b8 | g4.
  fis4 fis8 | g4 g8 g4 a8 | b4. b4 b8 | a4 g8 a4 b8 | g4. ~g4 \bar &quot;|.&quot;
}

left = \relative g { \global
  d'8 | g,4 r8 &lt;b d&gt;4 r8 | g4 r8 &lt;b d&gt;4 r8 | fis4 r8 &lt;c' d&gt;4 r8 | g4 r8 &lt;b d&gt;4 r8 |
  g4 r8 d'4 c8 | b4 a8 g4. | fis4 r8 &lt;c' d&gt;4 r8 | g4 r8 &lt;b d&gt;4 r8 |
  g4 r8 &lt;b d&gt;4 r8 | g4 r8 &lt;b d&gt;4 r8 | fis4 r8 &lt;c' d&gt;4 r8 | g4
  r8 d'4 d8 | g,4 r8 b4 a8 | g8 b c d4 r8 | fis,4 r8 &lt;c' d&gt;4 r8 | &lt;g b&gt;4. ~&lt;g b&gt;4 \bar &quot;|.&quot;
}

verse = \lyricmode {
  The it -- sy bit -- sy spi -- der crawled up the wa -- ter spout.
  Down came the rain and washed the spi -- der out!
  Up came the sun and dried up all the rain.
  And the it -- sy bit -- sy spi -- der went up the spout a -- gain.
} 

kords = \chordmode { \set ChordNames.midiInstrument = &quot;acoustic guitar (steel)&quot;
  \set chordChanges = ##t d,8 | g,2. | g,2. | d,2.:7 | g,2. |
  \set chordChanges = ##f g,2. | d,2.:7 | \set chordChanges = ##t d,2.:7 | g,2. |
  \set chordChanges = ##f g,2. | e,2.:m | \set chordChanges = ##t e,2.:m | g,2. |
  g,2. | g,2. | d,2.:7 | g,4. ~g,4 \bar &quot;|.&quot;
}

\score {
  \new PianoStaff &lt;&lt;
    \new ChordNames { \kords }
    \new Staff = &quot;right&quot; \with { midiInstrument = &quot;clarinet&quot; }
    \right
    \addlyrics { \verse }
    \new Staff = &quot;left&quot; \with { midiInstrument = &quot;acoustic grand&quot; }
    { \clef bass \left }
  &gt;&gt;
  \layout { }
  \midi { \context { \ChordNames midiMaximumVolume = #0.8 }
    \tempo 4.=112
  }
}
&lt;/score&gt;

==Videos==
&lt;gallery widths=&quot;400&quot; heights=&quot;300&quot; showfilename=&quot;yes&quot;&gt;
File:Itsy Bitsy Spider - La Araña Pequeñita.webm|American variant with American accent, followed by Spanish language version. 
File:Insey winsey spider song video.webm|British variant, American accent
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== References ==
# https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/97265265
# https://www.bbc.co.uk/teach/school-radio/nursery-rhymes-incy-wincy-spider/zr4yt39
# https://www.ladbible.com/community/incy-wincy-spider-dark-meaning-543924-20230113
# http://www.datsplat.com/words-to-the-itsy-bitsy-spider/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260215052014/https://www.datsplat.com/words-to-the-itsy-bitsy-spider/ |date=2026-02-15 }}
# https://archive.org/details/campcaminoinlowe00nort_0#page/n338/mode/2up
# https://archive.org/details/camptrail01whit#page/n203/mode/2up
# https://archive.org/details/journalofamefolk32ameruoft#page/n445/mode/2up
# https://www.jstor.org/stable/1496690
# https://archive.org/details/americanfolksong0000seeg/page/126/mode/2up
# https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000977986
# https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wZMq75G7MpQ
# https://archive.org/details/pearl_1-6/page/n178/mode/2up
# https://archive.org/details/millsapscollegepurpleandwhite19081909_201509#page/n54/mode/2up
# https://books.google.com/books?id=0e0TAAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=RA2-PA105
# https://www.in.gov/history/files/publichealth.pdf
# https://dh.howard.edu/hugradpro/59/
# https://books.google.com/books?id=FvqDbf4az0IC&amp;pg=PA24&amp;source=gbs_toc_r&amp;cad=2
# https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.a0004602793
# https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=iau.31858055201887
# https://archive.org/details/baltimoreohioemp01balt#page/n584mode
# https://archive.org/details/variety84-1926-08#page/n110mode
# https://books.google.com/books?id=Fl8wAQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=RA12-PA35&amp;dq=There+Was+a+Bloomin+Sparra&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwisl86H-qiFAxWWj4kEHfpJAi0Q6AF6BAgEEAI#v=onepage&amp;q=There%20Was%20a%20Bloomin%20Sparra&amp;f=false
# https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&amp;d=VPTNL19131103.1.6&amp;e=-------en-20--61--txt-txIN-bloody+sparrow--------
# https://archive.org/details/reminiscences02hodg#page/n382/mode/2up
# https://archive.org/details/1945applesofeden/page/n11/mode/2up
# https://archive.org/details/gustavmahlersymp0000flor
# https://www.google.com/books/edition/_/q9kRAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjshtWy3rSUAxUpmokEHY_AKhwQre8FegQIAxABpg=RA2-PA29
# https://gahistoricnewspapers.galileo.usg.edu/lccn/sn89053289/1882-08-25/ed-1/seq-6/
# https://newspaperarchive.com/brownstown-banner-aug-10-1882-p-1/
# https://washingtondigitalnewspapers.org/?a=d&amp;d=PUGSNDML18820812.1.4&amp;
# https://archive.org/details/xt786688k30x/page/n0/mode/2up
# https://archive.org/details/sim_judge_1884-07-26_6_145/page/n5/mode/2up
# https://archive.org/details/sim_national-police-gazette_1884-11-01_45_371/page/n1/mode/2up
# 
# https://archive.org/details/per_new-york-dramatic-mirror_the-new-york-mirror_1888-07-28_20_500/page/n2/mode/2up
# https://archive.org/details/1889thestampworld1/page/n33/mode/2up
# https://archive.org/details/per_atlanta-constitution_1889-07-20_21/page/n3/mode/2up
# https://gahistoricnewspapers.galileo.usg.edu/lccn/sn84024799/1889-07-21/ed-1/seq-2/
# https://newspaperarchive.com/monroe-daily-independent-jul-22-1889-p-1/
# https://books.google.com/books?id=QuYRAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA418&amp;dq=bloody+sparrow+went+up+the+bloody+spout&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwj27r_fiLuVAxX3D1kFHRp2PY0Q6AF6BAgKEAM
# https://gahistoricnewspapers.galileo.usg.edu/lccn/sn89053183/1889-08-18/ed-1/seq-4/#words=bloody+sparrow
# https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESnwEB7keqTcxDew0Sv9UZTOu-pDaP4rQbjGhOXSX7zVsIr7NdOGQAj0RrTbxI9xG4ZacFo5eXc6qr4hx5XJ3n9j-BkHaKk7FWwjxC7YkVAN2fUSFkHRYHyUt-nhm_G4vejgfE6eDdOwIdCr8L2ghvwwVAg1UeSNjXEE2U8-tcJyUXxrz1LQBrdzlSQ8RdQUK0ySQC618j3URiwvY-qsHcJoM=
# https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&amp;d=ATB18820901.1.4&amp;e=-------en-20--21--txt-txIN-bloody+sparrow--------
# https://www.nyshistoricnewspapers.org/?a=d&amp;d=tew18940609-03.1.4&amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-bloody+sparrow+went+the+spout---------
# https://books.google.com/books?id=uLNZAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA36&amp;dq=bloody+sparrow+went+up+the+bloody+spout&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwibhvjUibuVAxXQFVkFHfWxCho4ChDoAXoECAgQAw
# https://books.google.com/books?id=n7znAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA7&amp;dq=bloody+sparrow+went+up+the+bloody+spout&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwj27r_fiLuVAxX3D1kFHRp2PY0Q6AF6BAgJEAM
# https://books.google.com/books?id=4CcgAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA95&amp;dq=bloody+sparrow+went+up+the+bloody+spout&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwj27r_fiLuVAxX3D1kFHRp2PY0Q6AF6BAgQEAM
# https://books.google.com/books?id=iL00AAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA101&amp;dq=bloody+sparrow+went+up+the+bloody+spout&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwj27r_fiLuVAxX3D1kFHRp2PY0Q6AF6BAgMEAM
# https://books.google.com/books?id=evk8AAAAIAAJ&amp;q=bloody+sparrow+went+up+the+bloody+spout&amp;dq=bloody+sparrow+went+up+the+bloody+spout&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwj27r_fiLuVAxX3D1kFHRp2PY0Q6AF6BAgPEAM
# https://books.google.com/books?id=S8qVjIE-trwC&amp;pg=RA8-PA15&amp;dq=bloody+sparrow+went+up+the+bloody+spout&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjE-tSairuVAxXRFVkFHdKKN4s4ChDoAXoECA4QAw
# https://books.google.com/books?id=GAtli-kuoggC&amp;pg=PA1750&amp;dq=bloody+sparrow+went+up+the+bloody+spout&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjE-tSairuVAxXRFVkFHdKKN4s4ChDoAXoECAsQAw
# https://books.google.com/books?id=_DZmYt6D-i4C&amp;pg=RA15-PA15&amp;dq=bloody+sparrow+went+up+the+bloody+spout&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjE-tSairuVAxXRFVkFHdKKN4s4ChDoAXoECAwQAw
# https://books.google.com/books?id=4Fg1AAAAMAAJ&amp;q=bloody+sparrow+went+up+the+bloody+spout&amp;dq=bloody+sparrow+went+up+the+bloody+spout&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjE-tSairuVAxXRFVkFHdKKN4s4ChDoAXoECAkQAw
# https://books.google.com/books?id=r4daAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=bloody+sparrow+went+up+the+bloody+spout&amp;dq=bloody+sparrow+went+up+the+bloody+spout&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjE-tSairuVAxXRFVkFHdKKN4s4ChDoAXoECBAQAw
# https://books.google.com/books?id=RoPmAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA300-IA1&amp;dq=blooming+sparrow&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwigmMHviLuVAxW1M1kFHbp-PaUQ6AF6BAgMEAM
# https://books.google.com/books?id=lTEZAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA46&amp;dq=blooming+sparrow&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwigmMHviLuVAxW1M1kFHbp-PaUQ6AF6BAgKEAM
# https://books.google.com/books?id=ouUnAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA235&amp;dq=blooming+sparrow&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwigmMHviLuVAxW1M1kFHbp-PaUQ6AF6BAgIEAM
# https://archive.org/details/californiapoemss00haag/page/n61/mode/2up
# https://archive.org/details/v5universityofot1902univ/page/n155/mode/2up
# https://archive.org/details/gallovidianannua0000doro/page/n87/mode/2up
# https://archive.org/details/McGillLibrary-mcgill-daily-v04-n116-march-06-1915-5927/page/n1/mode/2up
# https://archive.org/details/archonmar1914dumm/page/n25/mode/2up/
# https://books.google.com/books?id=hsPTzwM6p9QC&amp;pg=PA177&amp;dq=blooming+sparrow&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiU5J3s8smVAxW7EFkFHXTRE0MQ6AF6BAgOEAM
# https://books.google.com/books?id=0xDnAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA270&amp;dq=bloody+sparrow+went+up+a+blooming+spout&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwj2qYaX9MmVAxVglIkEHVybOpYQ6AF6BAgJEAM
# https://books.google.com/books?id=ADqRn3ucaBQC&amp;pg=PA479&amp;dq=bloody+sparrow+went+up+a+bloody+spout&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjAiNnR9MmVAxXTrokEHRTuJ_MQ6AF6BAgHEAM
# https://archive.org/stream/americaswarforhu00newy/americaswarforhu00newy#page/n255/mode/1up
# https://books.google.com/books?id=izcIAQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA100&amp;dq=bloomin+sparrow&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiS2OrIzeWVAxWYj4kEHQXqJwg4ChDoAXoECAwQAw
# https://books.google.com/books?id=hzJEAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA446&amp;dq=bloomin+sparrow&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiS2OrIzeWVAxWYj4kEHQXqJwg4ChDoAXoECAcQAw
# https://books.google.com/books?id=alNBAQAAMAAJ&amp;q=sparrow+spout+wind+and+rain&amp;dq=sparrow+spout+wind+and+rain&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwigirjyou-VAxVarYkEHQ1iNYQ4ChDoAXoECAcQAw
# https://books.google.com/books?id=xphPAQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA222&amp;dq=sparrer+went+up+the+spout&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwic29Lvn--VAxV2D1kFHVhmGvUQ6AF6BAgNEAM
# https://books.google.com/books?id=qOdw7iaMDIkC&amp;pg=PT148&amp;dq=sparrer+went+up+the+spout&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwic29Lvn--VAxV2D1kFHVhmGvUQ6AF6BAgJEAM
# https://books.google.com/books?id=QERsPn0nN-YC&amp;pg=PA272&amp;dq=sparrer+went+up+the+spout&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwic29Lvn--VAxV2D1kFHVhmGvUQ6AF6BAgKEAM
# https://books.google.com/books?id=k1hvhzk5QgcC&amp;pg=PA87&amp;dq=sparrer+went+up+the+spout&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwic29Lvn--VAxV2D1kFHVhmGvUQ6AF6BAgMEAM
# https://books.google.com/books?id=G0ZHAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=sparrer+went+up+the+spout&amp;dq=sparrer+went+up+the+spout&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiFpJL1oe-VAxUilYkEHbAPGvk4ChDoAXoECAcQAw
# https://books.google.com/books?id=zgrPAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA118&amp;dq=sparrow+built+up+a+spout&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjKvvKnou-VAxWvk4kEHQTtCIIQ6AF6BAgJEAM
# https://books.google.com/books?id=nbud7Dw4STgC&amp;pg=PA102&amp;dq=the+spider+and+the+spout&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjb9p7Go--VAxXA5ckDHfz1HfoQ6AF6BAgIEAM
# https://books.google.com/books?id=SedOAQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA32&amp;dq=spider+and+the+spout&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiX5-Ts5YSWAxWsjIkEHT1HHy44ChDoAXoECAsQAw
# https://books.google.com/books?id=SRPOAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA196&amp;dq=spider+and+the+spout&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiX5-Ts5YSWAxWsjIkEHT1HHy44ChDoAXoECA0QAw
# https://books.google.com/books?id=NLPxaOceu2sC&amp;pg=PA139&amp;dq=spider+and+the+spout&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwj47qGC5oSWAxX1m4kEHcGAHzY4HhDoAXoECAwQAw
# https://books.google.com/books?id=BDdUM-1YpAsC&amp;q=there+was+a+sparrow+went+up+a+spout&amp;dq=there+was+a+sparrow+went+up+a+spout&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjko6yG6JKWAxXbF2IAHXv6JHs4WhDoAXoECAsQAw
# https://books.google.com/books?id=ODBMAAAAIAAJ&amp;q=there+was+a+sparrow+went+up+a+spout&amp;dq=there+was+a+sparrow+went+up+a+spout&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiv6P-A6JKWAxXbKlkFHVudK_E4UBDoAXoECAwQAw
# https://books.google.com/books?id=uuk6AAAAMAAJ&amp;q=There+was+a+bloomin+sparra&amp;dq=There+was+a+bloomin+sparra&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwil-K3Kw-OWAxXlLlkFHRqBLCE4FBDoAXoECBIQAw
# https://books.google.com/books?id=vA8xAAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA149&amp;dq=spider+and+the+went+up+the+spout+again&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiGjpvc55KWAxWkLFkFHapeKDc4KBDoAXoECBAQAw
# https://books.google.com/books?id=pUFIAQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA236&amp;dq=there+was+a+sparrow+went+up+a+spout&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwil1eqc6JKWAxWkGVkFHXi_Dxw4MhDoAXoECBAQAw
# https://books.google.com/books?id=Y7IcAQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA277&amp;dq=bloomin+sparrow+blasted+spout&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwi-5M_W6JKWAxUUGlkFHYcUFhk4ChDoAXoECAkQAw
# https://archive.org/details/dixon-evening-telegraph-1911-04-03/page/n5/mode/2up
#https://archive.org/details/dec2191302dulu/page/n79/mode/2up
# https://archive.org/details/norwichbulletinj00bull_2/page/n234/mode/2up
# https://archive.dartmouthalumnimagazine.com/article/1964/12/1/1911
# https://www.blipfoto.com/entry/2182029548168679413
# https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.72966/page/n37/mode/2up
# https://archive.org/details/1963fighterpilotssongbookblackwidowsquadron#page/n138/mode/2up
#https://archive.org/details/1967354thtacticalfightersdrntrainingmanual/page/n131/mode/2up
# https://archive.org/details/1970s-46thtacticalfightersquadronsongbookfromreeves/page/n135/mode/2up
# https://archive.org/details/Flight_International_Magazine_1922-01-19-pdf/page/n7/mode/2up
# https://ok.ru/video/7961626544846?st._aid=VideoState_open_search
# https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1R6jSub-f8g&amp;t=488s
# https://books.google.com/books?id=FMbweex1qNEC&amp;q=bloody+spider+went+up+the+bloody+spout&amp;dq=bloody+spider+went+up+the+bloody+spout&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiy4NP1h7uVAxU5FVkFHd0VFVMQ6AF6BAgLEAM
# https://books.google.com/books?id=adAcAQAAMAAJ&amp;q=bloody+spider+went+up+the+bloody+spout&amp;dq=bloody+spider+went+up+the+bloody+spout&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiy4NP1h7uVAxU5FVkFHd0VFVMQ6AF6BAgQEAM
# https://books.google.com/books?id=S93LdPw2KP0C&amp;pg=PA676&amp;dq=bloody+spider+went+up+the+bloody+spout&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=1&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiy4NP1h7uVAxU5FVkFHd0VFVMQ6AF6BAgHEAM
# https://archive.org/details/ourcommoninsects00packrich#page/n17/mode/2up
# https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESTQHuR6pNypATq0YkuRkHv5LBnlE7LYWD3BYZjzGmCoRYYMGf-l6J4WaKQcECMyIY0xEyFq2rOYusTJq0N4Wp-jRSdRieAejxoyS_uVYI
# https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESUAHuR6pNhoMIuFt1JnLijLZFer9VaiY5he5xIEKwCsEVv00Cpb0oaAXZhjmf0kPctxirPRFjdwLk-Zpo49plSE9fZw6B-V5MkiaJQD70uVDC
# https://archive.org/details/americanwarfrom100smit#page/n174/mode/2up
# https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6wBdjLMM7Ns
# https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-kansas-city-times-injured-on-silver/66919121/
# https://archive.org/details/bellsystemtechni08amerrich#page/n616mode
# https://archive.org/details/universalweekly100movi_3/page/n430/mode/1up#page/n430mode
# https://www.reddit.com/r/Dollywood/comments/1ltvp75/blazing_fury_during_late_70s_and_early_80s/
# https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M8edn8lOi78&amp;pp=0gcJCZkLAYcqIYzv
# https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PHpHx0Zszn4&amp;ab_channel=MarkusBrylka
# https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L_hFw_cWg9U
# https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LRV-797awEQ
# https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SOKxVWqW1Fk
# https://www.candomusic.ca/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/sweetly-sings-the-donkey-pdf.pdf
# http://www.labbe.de/liederbaum/index.asp?themaid=23&amp;titelid=120
# https://www.mamalisa.com/?t=es&amp;p=3723
# https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CFcobdL8aO8
# https://makingmusicfun.net/public/assets/pdf/sheet_music/itsy-bitsy-spider-piano.pdf

==Elsewhere in the Wikiverse==
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itsy_Bitsy_Spider 'Itsy Bitsy Spider' on Wikipedia]

[[Category:Nursery Rhymes and Songs]]</text>
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      <text bytes="2836" sha1="d5k1ilyijiagusuvt3842gjx5l5ejr3" xml:space="preserve">—Vocal Expression
[[File:Dee Bradley Baker by Gage Skidmore.jpg|thumb|[[w:Dee_Bradley_Baker|Dee Bradley Baker]] is an American [[w:Voice_acting|voice actor]].]]
[[w:Voice_acting|Voice acting]] is the art of performing [[w:Voice-over|voice-overs]], providing voices to represent a character, or to provide information to an audience or user. Examples include animated, off-stage, off-screen or non-visible characters in various works, including feature films, dubbed foreign language films, animated short films, television programs, commercials, radio or audio dramas, comedy, video games, puppet shows, amusement rides, audiobooks and documentaries. Voice acting is also done for small handheld audio games.

Performers are called voice actors or actresses, voice artists or voice talent. 

Because voice acting is a broad and complex topic, this series of courses includes several individual courses each addressing some aspect of voice acting.

Learning basic voice acting skills can improve your verbal communications and increase your confidence in everyday conversations, during routine business meetings, and when leading or addressing groups. 
==Existing Courses==
*[[/Basic Voice Acting Skills/]]—Improve your speaking voice
**[[/Relaxation Exercises/]]
**[[/Practice Copy/]]
**[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Marked_copy_for_voice_acting.pdf Marked Copy]
**[[/Tongue Twisters/]]
**[[/Enunciation Exercises/]]
**[[/Great Speeches/]]

==Courses to be Created==
Subject matter experts, authors, and editors are encouraged to create courses on the following topics and link them here.
*Working with a voice acting coach
*Accents, dialects, and drama
** Incorporate the [[w:International_Dialects_of_English_Archive|International Dialects of English Archive]] 
*Cold reading
*Roles and Characters
*Story telling
*Pronunciation using the International Phonetic Alphabet
*Editing Voice Audio Files
*Building a Studio
*Auditioning
*Building a Business
*Overcoming speech impediments

==Recommended Reading==
Students wanting to learn more about voice acting may be interested in reading the following books:
*{{cite book |last=Alburger |first=James |date=July 19, 2014 |title=The Art of Voice Acting: The Craft and Business of Performing for Voiceover |publisher=Routledge |pages=492 |isbn=978-0415736978 }}
*{{cite book |last1=Ciccarelli |first1=David |last2=Ciccarelli |first2=Stephanie |date=January 29, 2013 |title=Voice Acting For Dummies |publisher=For Dummies |pages=384 |isbn=978-1118399583 }}
*[[b:Announcing|Announcing]]

==Additional learning resources==
===Videos===
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r9dF8v4I5VU How to Make an Audiobook for Audible and iTunes (ACX)]

==References==
&lt;references/&gt;

[[Category:Life skills]]
[[Category:Theatre]]
[[Category:Acting]]
[[Category:Film]]
[[Category:Voice Acting]]</text>
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      <text bytes="2816" sha1="3rp3of0if8b28ggtuz29ah52brcztea" xml:space="preserve">—Vocal Expression
[[File:Dee Bradley Baker by Gage Skidmore.jpg|thumb|[[w:Dee_Bradley_Baker|Dee Bradley Baker]] is an American [[w:Voice_acting|voice actor]].]]
[[w:Voice_acting|Voice acting]] is the art of performing [[w:Voice-over|voice-overs]], providing voices to represent a character, or to provide information to an audience or user. Examples include animated, off-stage, off-screen or non-visible characters in various works, including feature films, dubbed foreign language films, animated short films, television programs, commercials, radio or audio dramas, comedy, video games, puppet shows, amusement rides, audiobooks and documentaries. Voice acting is also done for small handheld audio games.

Performers are called voice actors or actresses, voice artists or voice talent. 

Because voice acting is a broad and complex topic, this series of courses includes several individual courses each addressing some aspect of voice acting.

Learning basic voice acting skills can improve your verbal communications and increase your confidence in everyday conversations, during routine business meetings, and when leading or addressing groups. 
==Existing Courses==
*[[/Basic Voice Acting Skills/]]—Improve your speaking voice
**[[/Relaxation Exercises/]]
**[[/Practice Copy/]]
**[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Marked_copy_for_voice_acting.pdf Marked Copy]
**[[/Tongue Twisters/]]
**[[/Enunciation Exercises/]]
**[[/Great Speeches/]]

==Courses to be Created==
Subject matter experts, authors, and editors are encouraged to create courses on the following topics and link them here.
*Working with a voice acting coach
*Accents, dialects, and drama
** Incorporate the [[w:International_Dialects_of_English_Archive|International Dialects of English Archive]] 
*Cold reading
*Roles and Characters
*Story telling
*Pronunciation using the International Phonetic Alphabet
*Editing Voice Audio Files
*Building a Studio
*Auditioning
*Building a Business
*Overcoming speech impediments

==Recommended Reading==
Students wanting to learn more about voice acting may be interested in reading the following books:
*{{cite book |last=Alburger |first=James |date=July 19, 2014 |title=The Art of Voice Acting: The Craft and Business of Performing for Voiceover |publisher=Routledge |pages=492 |isbn=978-0415736978 }}
*{{cite book |last1=Ciccarelli |first1=David |last2=Ciccarelli |first2=Stephanie |date=January 29, 2013 |title=Voice Acting For Dummies |publisher=For Dummies |pages=384 |isbn=978-1118399583 }}
*[[b:Announcing|Announcing]]

==Additional learning resources==
===Videos===
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r9dF8v4I5VU How to Make an Audiobook for Audible and iTunes (ACX)]

==References==
&lt;references/&gt;

[[Category:Life skills]]
[[Category:Theatre]]
[[Category:Film]]
[[Category:Voice Acting]]</text>
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      <text bytes="2791" sha1="seiianexxrn4ujmsjatd9mp3i6ngwve" xml:space="preserve">—Vocal Expression
[[File:Dee Bradley Baker by Gage Skidmore.jpg|thumb|[[w:Dee_Bradley_Baker|Dee Bradley Baker]] is an American [[w:Voice_acting|voice actor]].]]
[[w:Voice_acting|Voice acting]] is the art of performing [[w:Voice-over|voice-overs]], providing voices to represent a character, or to provide information to an audience or user. Examples include animated, off-stage, off-screen or non-visible characters in various works, including feature films, dubbed foreign language films, animated short films, television programs, commercials, radio or audio dramas, comedy, video games, puppet shows, amusement rides, audiobooks and documentaries. Voice acting is also done for small handheld audio games.

Performers are called voice actors or actresses, voice artists or voice talent. 

Because voice acting is a broad and complex topic, this series of courses includes several individual courses each addressing some aspect of voice acting.

Learning basic voice acting skills can improve your verbal communications and increase your confidence in everyday conversations, during routine business meetings, and when leading or addressing groups. 
==Existing Courses==
*[[/Basic Voice Acting Skills/]]—Improve your speaking voice
**[[/Relaxation Exercises/]]
**[[/Practice Copy/]]
**[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Marked_copy_for_voice_acting.pdf Marked Copy]
**[[/Tongue Twisters/]]
**[[/Enunciation Exercises/]]
**[[/Great Speeches/]]

==Courses to be Created==
Subject matter experts, authors, and editors are encouraged to create courses on the following topics and link them here.
*Working with a voice acting coach
*Accents, dialects, and drama
** Incorporate the [[w:International_Dialects_of_English_Archive|International Dialects of English Archive]] 
*Cold reading
*Roles and Characters
*Story telling
*Pronunciation using the International Phonetic Alphabet
*Editing Voice Audio Files
*Building a Studio
*Auditioning
*Building a Business
*Overcoming speech impediments

==Recommended Reading==
Students wanting to learn more about voice acting may be interested in reading the following books:
*{{cite book |last=Alburger |first=James |date=July 19, 2014 |title=The Art of Voice Acting: The Craft and Business of Performing for Voiceover |publisher=Routledge |pages=492 |isbn=978-0415736978 }}
*{{cite book |last1=Ciccarelli |first1=David |last2=Ciccarelli |first2=Stephanie |date=January 29, 2013 |title=Voice Acting For Dummies |publisher=For Dummies |pages=384 |isbn=978-1118399583 }}
*[[b:Announcing|Announcing]]

==Additional learning resources==
===Videos===
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r9dF8v4I5VU How to Make an Audiobook for Audible and iTunes (ACX)]

==References==
&lt;references/&gt;

[[Category:Theatre]]
[[Category:Film]]
[[Category:Voice Acting]]</text>
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      <text bytes="2773" sha1="bc0col7uq94yvbjudzdxmvtikez0jdp" xml:space="preserve">—Vocal Expression
[[File:Dee Bradley Baker by Gage Skidmore.jpg|thumb|[[w:Dee_Bradley_Baker|Dee Bradley Baker]] is an American [[w:Voice_acting|voice actor]].]]
[[w:Voice_acting|Voice acting]] is the art of performing [[w:Voice-over|voice-overs]], providing voices to represent a character, or to provide information to an audience or user. Examples include animated, off-stage, off-screen or non-visible characters in various works, including feature films, dubbed foreign language films, animated short films, television programs, commercials, radio or audio dramas, comedy, video games, puppet shows, amusement rides, audiobooks and documentaries. Voice acting is also done for small handheld audio games.

Performers are called voice actors or actresses, voice artists or voice talent. 

Because voice acting is a broad and complex topic, this series of courses includes several individual courses each addressing some aspect of voice acting.

Learning basic voice acting skills can improve your verbal communications and increase your confidence in everyday conversations, during routine business meetings, and when leading or addressing groups. 
==Existing Courses==
*[[/Basic Voice Acting Skills/]]—Improve your speaking voice
**[[/Relaxation Exercises/]]
**[[/Practice Copy/]]
**[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Marked_copy_for_voice_acting.pdf Marked Copy]
**[[/Tongue Twisters/]]
**[[/Enunciation Exercises/]]
**[[/Great Speeches/]]

==Courses to be Created==
Subject matter experts, authors, and editors are encouraged to create courses on the following topics and link them here.
*Working with a voice acting coach
*Accents, dialects, and drama
** Incorporate the [[w:International_Dialects_of_English_Archive|International Dialects of English Archive]] 
*Cold reading
*Roles and Characters
*Story telling
*Pronunciation using the International Phonetic Alphabet
*Editing Voice Audio Files
*Building a Studio
*Auditioning
*Building a Business
*Overcoming speech impediments

==Recommended Reading==
Students wanting to learn more about voice acting may be interested in reading the following books:
*{{cite book |last=Alburger |first=James |date=July 19, 2014 |title=The Art of Voice Acting: The Craft and Business of Performing for Voiceover |publisher=Routledge |pages=492 |isbn=978-0415736978 }}
*{{cite book |last1=Ciccarelli |first1=David |last2=Ciccarelli |first2=Stephanie |date=January 29, 2013 |title=Voice Acting For Dummies |publisher=For Dummies |pages=384 |isbn=978-1118399583 }}
*[[b:Announcing|Announcing]]

==Additional learning resources==
===Videos===
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r9dF8v4I5VU How to Make an Audiobook for Audible and iTunes (ACX)]

==References==
&lt;references/&gt;

[[Category:Theatre]]
[[Category:Voice Acting]]</text>
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      <text bytes="2752" sha1="53cp3cg5goon97bef4bpzo64kc3hcb5" xml:space="preserve">—Vocal Expression
[[File:Dee Bradley Baker by Gage Skidmore.jpg|thumb|[[w:Dee_Bradley_Baker|Dee Bradley Baker]] is an American [[w:Voice_acting|voice actor]].]]
[[w:Voice_acting|Voice acting]] is the art of performing [[w:Voice-over|voice-overs]], providing voices to represent a character, or to provide information to an audience or user. Examples include animated, off-stage, off-screen or non-visible characters in various works, including feature films, dubbed foreign language films, animated short films, television programs, commercials, radio or audio dramas, comedy, video games, puppet shows, amusement rides, audiobooks and documentaries. Voice acting is also done for small handheld audio games.

Performers are called voice actors or actresses, voice artists or voice talent. 

Because voice acting is a broad and complex topic, this series of courses includes several individual courses each addressing some aspect of voice acting.

Learning basic voice acting skills can improve your verbal communications and increase your confidence in everyday conversations, during routine business meetings, and when leading or addressing groups. 
==Existing Courses==
*[[/Basic Voice Acting Skills/]]—Improve your speaking voice
**[[/Relaxation Exercises/]]
**[[/Practice Copy/]]
**[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Marked_copy_for_voice_acting.pdf Marked Copy]
**[[/Tongue Twisters/]]
**[[/Enunciation Exercises/]]
**[[/Great Speeches/]]

==Courses to be Created==
Subject matter experts, authors, and editors are encouraged to create courses on the following topics and link them here.
*Working with a voice acting coach
*Accents, dialects, and drama
** Incorporate the [[w:International_Dialects_of_English_Archive|International Dialects of English Archive]] 
*Cold reading
*Roles and Characters
*Story telling
*Pronunciation using the International Phonetic Alphabet
*Editing Voice Audio Files
*Building a Studio
*Auditioning
*Building a Business
*Overcoming speech impediments

==Recommended Reading==
Students wanting to learn more about voice acting may be interested in reading the following books:
*{{cite book |last=Alburger |first=James |date=July 19, 2014 |title=The Art of Voice Acting: The Craft and Business of Performing for Voiceover |publisher=Routledge |pages=492 |isbn=978-0415736978 }}
*{{cite book |last1=Ciccarelli |first1=David |last2=Ciccarelli |first2=Stephanie |date=January 29, 2013 |title=Voice Acting For Dummies |publisher=For Dummies |pages=384 |isbn=978-1118399583 }}
*[[b:Announcing|Announcing]]

==Additional learning resources==
===Videos===
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r9dF8v4I5VU How to Make an Audiobook for Audible and iTunes (ACX)]

==References==
&lt;references/&gt;

[[Category:Voice Acting]]</text>
      <sha1>53cp3cg5goon97bef4bpzo64kc3hcb5</sha1>
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      <text bytes="2732" sha1="j0y7ayqnyuawpfgi9t3emi8cstj0x70" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Dee Bradley Baker by Gage Skidmore.jpg|thumb|[[w:Dee_Bradley_Baker|Dee Bradley Baker]] is an American [[w:Voice_acting|voice actor]].]]
[[w:Voice_acting|Voice acting]] is the art of performing [[w:Voice-over|voice-overs]], providing voices to represent a character, or to provide information to an audience or user. Examples include animated, off-stage, off-screen or non-visible characters in various works, including feature films, dubbed foreign language films, animated short films, television programs, commercials, radio or audio dramas, comedy, video games, puppet shows, amusement rides, audiobooks and documentaries. Voice acting is also done for small handheld audio games.

Performers are called voice actors or actresses, voice artists or voice talent. 

Because voice acting is a broad and complex topic, this series of courses includes several individual courses each addressing some aspect of voice acting.

Learning basic voice acting skills can improve your verbal communications and increase your confidence in everyday conversations, during routine business meetings, and when leading or addressing groups. 
==Existing Courses==
*[[/Basic Voice Acting Skills/]]—Improve your speaking voice
**[[/Relaxation Exercises/]]
**[[/Practice Copy/]]
**[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Marked_copy_for_voice_acting.pdf Marked Copy]
**[[/Tongue Twisters/]]
**[[/Enunciation Exercises/]]
**[[/Great Speeches/]]

==Courses to be Created==
Subject matter experts, authors, and editors are encouraged to create courses on the following topics and link them here.
*Working with a voice acting coach
*Accents, dialects, and drama
** Incorporate the [[w:International_Dialects_of_English_Archive|International Dialects of English Archive]] 
*Cold reading
*Roles and Characters
*Story telling
*Pronunciation using the International Phonetic Alphabet
*Editing Voice Audio Files
*Building a Studio
*Auditioning
*Building a Business
*Overcoming speech impediments

==Recommended Reading==
Students wanting to learn more about voice acting may be interested in reading the following books:
*{{cite book |last=Alburger |first=James |date=July 19, 2014 |title=The Art of Voice Acting: The Craft and Business of Performing for Voiceover |publisher=Routledge |pages=492 |isbn=978-0415736978 }}
*{{cite book |last1=Ciccarelli |first1=David |last2=Ciccarelli |first2=Stephanie |date=January 29, 2013 |title=Voice Acting For Dummies |publisher=For Dummies |pages=384 |isbn=978-1118399583 }}
*[[b:Announcing|Announcing]]

==Additional learning resources==
===Videos===
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r9dF8v4I5VU How to Make an Audiobook for Audible and iTunes (ACX)]

==References==
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Choose from these exercises to relax anytime, especially before or after a performance. You may wish to explore the many variations of the simple exercises described here to find [[w:Relaxation_technique|relaxation techniques]] that work best for you.

No medical advice is provided here; please contact qualified medical personnel to obtain medical advice.
==Square Breathing==
#Inhale counting 1,2,3,4
#Hold the breath counting 1,2,3,4
#Exhale counting 1,2,3,4
#Hold counting 1,2,3,4
#Repeat
==Autogenic Training==
[[w:Autogenic_training|Autogenic training]] is a desensitization-relaxation technique intended to elicit a relaxation response.
#Begin muscular relaxation by repeating the verbal formula, &quot;My right arm is heavy&quot;, emphasizing heaviness. During the initial stages of the training, the feeling of heaviness in the trained arm is more expressed and occurs more rapidly. The same feeling can be experienced in the other extremities at the same time in the other arm. Within a week, a short concentration can trigger the sensation of heaviness in your arms and legs.
#Passive concentration focuses on feeling warm, initiated by the instruction &quot;My right arm is warm&quot;.
#Begin cardiac activity using the formula &quot;My heartbeat is calm and regular&quot;.
#Focus passive concentration on the respiratory mechanism with the formula &quot;It breathes me&quot;.
#Concentrate on the warmth in the abdominal region with &quot;My solar plexus is warm&quot;.
#Passive concentration focuses on coolness in the cranial region with the formula &quot;My forehead is cool&quot;.
==Progressive Muscle Relaxation==
[[w:Progressive_muscle_relaxation|Progressive muscle relaxation]] is a method of deep muscle relaxation based on the premise that muscle tension is the body's psychological response to anxiety-provoking thoughts and that muscle relaxation blocks anxiety.

Choose from the many progressive muscle relaxation scripts available, including:
*Berkeley Progressive Muscle Relaxation Script&lt;ref&gt;https://www.law.berkeley.edu/files/Progressive_Muscle_Relaxation.pdf &lt;/ref&gt;
*Psych Central Progressive Muscle Relaxation&lt;ref&gt;https://psychcentral.com/lib/progressive-muscle-relaxation/&lt;/ref&gt;
*A video Progressive Muscle Relaxation (With Music)&lt;ref&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=86HUcX8ZtAk &lt;/ref&gt;
==Guided Imagery==
[[w:Guided_imagery|Guided imagery]] is a mind-body intervention where a teacher helps a participant evoke and generate mental images that simulate or re-create the sensory perception of sights, sounds, tastes, smells, movements, and images associated with touch, such as texture, temperature, and pressure and that may precipitate strong emotions or feelings.

Choose from the many guided imagery scripts available, including:
*Inner Health Studio Public Speaking Visualization &lt;ref&gt;https://www.innerhealthstudio.com/public-speaking.html &lt;/ref&gt;
*Ocean Escape (with music): Walk Along the Beach Guided Meditation and Visualization &lt;ref&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ar_W4jSzOlM &lt;/ref&gt;

== Guided Body Scan ==
Body scan meditation is a mindfulness-based technique where you slowly direct attention through different parts of the body, noticing sensations and releasing tension.

Body scan meditations are perfect for cultivating present-moment awareness, managing stress, and preparing the mind and body for sleep or focus.

Choose from the many guided body scan scripts available, including:

* Guided Meditation Script for Body Scan: Relax, Release Tension, and Find Inner Peace&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.mindfulnesscontent.com/blog/guided-meditation-script-for-body-scan|title=Guided Meditation Script for Body Scan: Relax, Release Tensi|website=www.mindfulnesscontent.com|language=en|access-date=2025-04-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Biofeedback==
[[w:Biofeedback|Biofeedback]] is the process of gaining greater awareness of physiological functions primarily using instruments that provide information on the activity of those physiological systems, with a goal of being able to manipulate them at will.

You may find that using a simple galvanic skin response biofeedback device can help you relax.
==References==
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[[Category:Exercises]]
[[Category:Relaxation]]
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Use these copy samples for practicing voice acting skills. 
==[[w:Henry_V_(play)|Henry V]], Prologue, William Shakespeare== 
Oh, for a muse of fire that would ascend The brightest heaven of invention!

A kingdom for a stage, princes to act, And monarchs to behold the swelling scene!

Then should the warlike Harry, like himself, Assume the port of Mars, and at his heels,

Leashed in like hounds, should famine, sword, and fire …
==[[w:Gettysburg_Address|Gettysburg Address]], Abraham Lincoln==
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.

Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. …
==[[w:Announcer's_test|Announcer’s test]]==
Attempt pronouncing this clearly in a single breath without rushing.
*One hen
*Two ducks
*Three squawking geese
*Four Limerick oysters
*Five corpulent porpoises
*Six pair of Don Alverzo's tweezers
*Seven thousand Macedonians in full battle array
*Eight brass monkeys from the ancient sacred crypts of Egypt
*Nine apathetic, sympathetic, diabetic old men on roller skates, with a marked propensity towards procrastination and sloth
*Ten lyrical, spherical, diabolical denizens of the deep who all stall around the corner of the quo of the quay of the quivery, all at the same time.

Enjoy this [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=06D1F5-4Atc YouTube video of Jerry Lewis] performing this announcer’s test. 
==[[w:United_States_Declaration_of_Independence|Declaration of Independence]]==
When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.

We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.

That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. …
==[[w:The_Merchant_of_Venice|The Merchant of Venice]]==
&lt;blockquote&gt;
The quality of mercy is not strained.&lt;br&gt;
It droppeth as the gentle rain from heaven&lt;br&gt;
Upon the place beneath. It is twice blest:&lt;br&gt;
It blesseth him that gives and him that takes.&lt;br&gt;
'Tis mightiest in the mightiest; it becomes&lt;br&gt;
The thronèd monarch better than his crown.&lt;br&gt;
His scepter shows the force of temporal power,&lt;br&gt;
The attribute to awe and majesty&lt;br&gt;
Wherein doth sit the dread and fear of kings;&lt;br&gt;
But mercy is above this sceptered sway.&lt;br&gt;
It is enthronèd in the hearts of kings; …
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
==[[w:United_States_Constitution|United States Constitution]]==
We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. …
===[[w:First_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution|First Amendment]]===
Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.
===[[w:Second_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution|Second Amendment]]===
A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.
==Lists==
The top 20 fruits sold in the United States are: bananas, apples, grapes, strawberries, oranges, watermelon, lemons, blueberries, peaches, cantaloupe, avocados, pineapples, cherries, pears, limes, raspberries, blackberries, plums, nectarines, and grapefruit. The top 20 vegetables are: potatoes, tomatoes, onions, carrots, lettuce, broccoli, salad mix, bell peppers, celery, cucumbers, corn, garlic, mushrooms, sweet potatoes, spinach, cabbage, green beans, cauliflower, green onions, and asparagus.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.pma.com/content/articles/2017/05/top-20-fruits-and-vegetables-sold-in-the-us &lt;/ref&gt;  
==Medical Disclaimer==
Do not take REXULTI&lt;ref&gt;https://www.rexulti.com/us/mdd/about-depression/&lt;/ref&gt;  if you are allergic to brexpiprazole or any of the ingredients in REXULTI. Allergic reactions have included rash, facial swelling, hives and itching, and anaphylaxis, which may include difficulty breathing, tightness in the chest, and swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue.

REXULTI may cause serious side effects, including:
*Stroke in elderly people (cerebrovascular problems) that can lead to death.
*Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS): Tell your healthcare provider right away if you have some or all of the following symptoms: high fever, stiff muscles, confusion, sweating, changes in pulse, heart rate, and blood pressure. These may be symptoms of a rare and serious condition that can lead to death. Call your healthcare provider right away if you have any of these symptoms. … 
==[[w:Big_Mac#Two_all-beef_patties_slogan|Advertising Copy]]==
Two all-beef patties, special sauce, lettuce, cheese, pickles, onions – on a sesame seed bun.

For much more see The Edge Studio collection of free voice over scripts for artists.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.edgestudio.com/script-library/unregistered &lt;/ref&gt;
==References==
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[[w:Tongue-twister|Tongue twisters]] are a great way to warm up your [[w:Speech_organ|articulators]].&lt;ref&gt;https://privatelessons.com/music-lesson-tip/warm-sequence &lt;/ref&gt; Begin slowly at first, then pick up speed. Enunciate each word clearly. Don’t drift off or drop the ends of words.

Use these in conjunction with [[Voice Acting/Enunciation Exercises|enunciation exercises]]. 

Many more tongue twisters are provided at the International Collection of Tongue Twisters.

Very furry frogs are very rare

Budda gudda budda gudda boo

Crispy cookies crumble and they crunch

Mommy made me mash my M&amp;M's

Princess Pippa picked a purple pig.

A noisy noise annoys an ouster

Lovely lemon liniment 

Twelve twins twirled twelve twigs

Unique New York, Unique New York

I slit a sheet; a sheet I slit, upon the slitted sheet I sit.

A proper cup of coffee in a copper coffee pot

She sells seashells by the seashore. 

I saw Susie sitting in a shoeshine shop.&lt;br&gt;
Where she sits she shines, and where she shines she sits.

Can you can a can as a canner can can a can?

Clean clams crammed in clean cans.

Six sick hicks nick six slick bricks with picks and sticks.

rudder valve reversals

He threw three free throws.

The seething sea ceaseth and thus the seething sea sufficeth us.

Amid the mists and coldest frosts With stoutest wrists and loudest boasts He thrusts his fists against the posts And still insists he sees the ghosts.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.vocabilities.com/uploads/1/3/4/1/13413403/tongue_twisters_and_mouth_gym.pdf &lt;/ref&gt;

She stood in the doorway of Burgess’s fish store shop inexplicably mimicking him and welcoming him in.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C0g9oXR0GPI &lt;/ref&gt;
==Recommended Reading==
Students wanting to learn more about Tongue Twisters may be interested in reading the following books:
*(Evaluate the book ''Tongue Twisters and Vocal Warm-Ups'', by Rodney Saulsberry )

==References==
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Watch, listen to, study, and learn from these great speeches to improve your voice acting skills.
==Barack Obama Eulogy for John McCain==
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7kbF7uEJYes Barack Obama’s eulogy for John McCain]: “We Never Doubted We Were On The Same Team” delivered September 1, 2018.
==Steve Jobs, Stay Hungry, Stay Foolish==
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9YzvM6V5rBM Steve Jobs, 2005 Stanford Commencement Speech]. Three stories, stay hungry, stay foolish.
==Martin Luther King, Jr, I have a dream==
Martin Luther King, Jr. “[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vP4iY1TtS3s I have a dream].” Delivered August 28, 1963.
==Franklin Delano Roosevelt==
[http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/fdrpearlharbor.htm Pearl Harbor Address to the Nation], delivered December 8, 1941.
==Barbara Charline Jordan==
*[http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/barbarajordanjudiciarystatement.htm Statement on the Articles of Impeachment], delivered July 25, 1974.
*[http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/barbarajordan1976dnc.html 1976 Democratic National Convention Keynote Address], delivered July 12, 1976.

Many other great speeches are available from the American Rhetoric list of the top 100 speeches&lt;ref&gt;http://www.americanrhetoric.com/top100speechesall.html &lt;/ref&gt; 
==References==
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      <text bytes="10018" sha1="s8ydu9i6k2a7lkt7szfbmoyjug59m33" xml:space="preserve">This collection set of enunciation exercises is intended to improve [[w:Diction|diction]], [[w:Articulation_(phonetics)|articulation]], [[w:Pronunciation|pronunciation]], and speech clarity. Choose exercises that address enunciations you have the most difficulty with. Use these as on-going training exercises, and as a warm-up before recording sessions. 
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Begin by going through your chosen exercise slowly to ensure you produce each sound clearly.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.wikihow.com/Stop-Mumbling-and-Speak-Clearly &lt;/ref&gt; 
#'''Open your mouth wider as you talk.''' Closed lips and teeth will reduce your speech volume.
#'''Articulate.''' Make sure you stop the air for consonants like 't' and 'b'. Differentiate between your vowels. Begin by exaggerating each consonant so it is crisp and clear. Make sure the start and end of each word is crisp.
#'''Speak up.''' Practice speaking a little bit louder. You will automatically use more breath, and you will probably slow down and articulate better in the process.
#'''Speak with inflection.''' Questions should go up in pitch at the end. Statements should go down. Notice, also, what syllables and words get emphasis. Try exaggerating your inflection, the way you would if you were reading to a small child and hamming it up a little bit.
#'''Support from your diaphragm.''' Use the muscles in your stomach to support your breath as you speak. Even if you speak no more loudly, you will speak more clearly this way. Place a hand over your stomach, just below your ribs. You should feel the muscles there move as you speak.
#'''Increase speed''' while maintaining clear pronunciation of each sound as you practice each exercise.

Use these enunciation exercises in conjunction with [[Voice Acting/Tongue Twisters|tongue twisters]]. 

This [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pBDS6Li2WQM video on How to Enunciate] may provide some helpful fun.

==Articulation 1:&lt;ref&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pBDS6Li2WQM&lt;/ref&gt; ==
Repeat clearly:
*ba, ba, ba, wa, wa, wa,  ba, ba, ba, wa, wa, wa, pu, pu, pu, fu, fu, fu, pu, pu, pu, fu, fu, fu
*Gutta butta, gutta butta, butta gutta, butta gutta, …
*Red leather, yellow leather, Red leather, yellow leather, …

==Articulation 2:&lt;ref&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Qjr9nWh5cU &lt;/ref&gt; ==
Repeat clearly, and increase the speed at each repetition:

Bah dah gah  pah dah gah&lt;br&gt;
Boh doh goh  poh doh goh&lt;br&gt;
Boo doo goo  poo doo goo&lt;br&gt;
Bee dee gee  pee dee gee&lt;br&gt;
Bay day gay  pay day gay&lt;br&gt;

==Articulation 3:&lt;ref&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Qjr9nWh5cU &lt;/ref&gt; ==
Repeat clearly, and increase the speed at each repetition:

Mah nah lah   Thah vah zah&lt;br&gt;
Moh noh loh  Thoh voh zoh&lt;br&gt;
Moo noo loo Thoo voo zoo&lt;br&gt;
Mee nee lee  Thee vee zee&lt;br&gt;
May nay lay  Thay vay zay
==Articulation 4:&lt;ref&gt;https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/speech/enunciation.htm &lt;/ref&gt; ==

Sah Kah She Fah Rah&lt;br&gt;
Pah Kah She Fah Rah&lt;br&gt;
Wah Kah She Fah Rah&lt;br&gt;
Bah Kah She Fah Rah&lt;br&gt;
Dah Kah She Fah Rah

==Articulation 5:&lt;ref&gt;https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/speech/enunciation.htm &lt;/ref&gt; ==
The tip of the tongue, the teeth and the lips

Lah lee loo lee.  Zip e do da

Repetition, repetition, repetition

We'll weather the weather whatever the weather whether we like it or not
==Articulation 6:==
This [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m8uKrqRXaxk video demonstrates a useful enunciation warm up] for voice over.

==Individual Letters:&lt;ref&gt;https://www.thoughtco.com/enunciation-exercises-for-drama-teachers-2712994 &lt;/ref&gt; ==
=== A: ===
Around the rugged rocks the ragged rascal ran.
=== B: &lt;ref&gt;https://www.write-out-loud.com/dictionexercises.html&lt;/ref&gt; ===
Betty bought a bit of butter, but she found the butter bitter, so Betty bought a bit of better butter to make the bitter butter better.

Big black bug bit a big black bear and the big black bear bled black blood.
=== C: ===
Can I cook a proper cup of coffee in a copper coffee pot?

How can a clam cram in a clean cream can?

=== D: ===
Did Doug dig David's garden or did David dig Doug's garden?

Do drop in at the Dewdrop Inn. Do drop in at the Dewdrop Inn.

Don't doubt the doorbell, but differ with the doorknob.
=== E: ===
Eight gray geese in a green field grazing.
=== F: ===
Four furious friends fought for the phone

Fine white vinegar with veal.

Five flippant Frenchmen fly from France for fashions. Five flippant Frenchmen fly from France for fashions

The free thugs set three thugs free.
=== G: ===
Grab the groundhog from the glazed grass.

Grey geese in a green field grazing.
=== H: ===
How was Harry hastened so hurriedly from the hunt?

In Hertford, Hereford and Hampshire hurricanes hardly ever happen
=== I: ===
Inexplicably mimicking him hiccupping.

I wish to wash my Irish wristwatch

=== J: ===
Jean just jostled James gently. Jean just jostled James gently. 

Jingle jungle jangle joker. Jingle jungle jangle joker.

Jack the jailbird jacked a jeep.
=== K: ===
Kiss her quick, Kiss her quicker, Kiss her quickest

Knit kilts for nasty cold nights.

My cutlery cuts keenly and cleanly.
=== L: ===
Larry sent the latter a letter later. Larry sent the latter a letter later. 

Little lucky Luke likes lakes, lucky little Luke likes licking lakes.

Lucy lingered, looking longingly for her lost lap-dog.

High roller, low roller, lower roller.

=== M: ===
Monkeys make monopoly monotonous.

=== N: ===
The next nest will not necessarily be next to nothing.

You know New York,&lt;br&gt;
You need New York,&lt;br&gt;
You know you need unique New York.
=== O: ===
Octopi occupy a porcupine's mind.

Only royal oily royal oil boils
=== P: ===
Peter Prangle, the prickly pear picker, picked three perfectly prickly pears.

A proper copper coffee pot.

Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.&lt;br&gt;
A peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked.&lt;br&gt;
If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers,&lt;br&gt;
Where's the peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked?

Pearls, please, pretty Penelope,&lt;br&gt;
Pretty Penelope, pretty Penelope,&lt;br&gt;
Pearls, please, pretty Penelope,&lt;br&gt;
Pretty Penelope Pring.
=== Q: ===
Quickly, quickly, quickly, quickly, quickly, quickly, quickly, quickly, quickly, quickly...

Quick kiss. Quicker kiss. Quickest kiss.

Queen Catherine wakes the cat, and the cat quietly cries.
=== R: ===
Reading and writing are richly rewarding. Reading and writing are richly rewarding. 

Rubber Baby Buggy Bumpers!

Roberta ran rings around the Roman ruins.

Round the rugged rocks the ragged rascal ran.
=== S: ===
Some shun sunshine. Do you shun sunshine?

Six thick thistle sticks

Six stick shifts stuck shut.

She sells seashells by the seashore. 

The shrewd shrew sold Sarah seven sliver fish slices.

Moses supposes his toeses are roses,&lt;br&gt;
But Moses supposes erroneously,&lt;br&gt;
For nobody's toeses are posies of roses&lt;br&gt;
As Moses supposes his toeses to be.

Sally sold seven six dollar seashells by the salty seashore

=== T: ===
Three thick thistle sticks.

The thirty-three thieves thought that they thrilled the throne throughout Thursday.

Two toads, totally tired, trying to trot to Tewkesbury.
=== U: ===
Unique New York, Unique New York, Unique New York.
=== V: ===
Vincent vowed vengeance vehemently. Vincent vowed vengeance vehemently. 

Venti, Grande, Tall - Very Grand Words for Large, Medium, Small.

Veni, vidi, vici. 
=== W: ===
Will's wetsuit is round and wet and rough and wide and ready to go on a watery ride.

Wayne went to Wales to watch walruses.
=== X: ===
Xylophones exist or so existentialists insist.
=== Y: ===
Yoda met a Yeti on the Plains of Serengeti.
=== Z: ===
Zoologists illogically love to read astrology.
== Consonant Combinations:&lt;ref&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m8uKrqRXaxk&lt;/ref&gt; ==
=== S/P/C/B/D:&lt;ref&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gp2VvmUJJc8 &lt;/ref&gt; ===
To sit in solemn silence in a dull dark dock in a pestilential prison with a life long lock.

Awaiting the sensation of a short sharp shock from a cheap and chippy chopper on a big, black block.
=== T/D: ===
In tooting two tutors astute tried to toot a duke on a flute.

But duets so grueling end only in dueling when tutors astute toot the flute.
=== M/H/I: ===
She stood on the balcony inexplicably mimicking him hiccupping and amicably welcoming him home.
=== Th: ===
This thin that thatch these themes those thorns the thug they thank. 

Theophilus Thistler, the thistle sifter, in sifting a sieve of unsifted thistles, thrust three thousand thistles through the thick of his thumb.
== Intonation: ==
I scream, you scream, we all scream for ice cream

== From the Pirates of Penzance ==
Adapted from The Major General’s song:

I am the very model of a modern Major-General;&lt;br&gt;
I've information vegetable, animal, and mineral;&lt;br&gt;
I know the Kings of England, and I quote the fights historical,&lt;br&gt;
From Marathon to Waterloo, in order categorical;&lt;br&gt;
I'm very well acquainted too with matters mathematical,&lt;br&gt;
I understand equations, both simple and quadratical,&lt;br&gt;
About binomial theorem, I'm teeming with a lot o' news,&lt;br&gt;
With many cheerful facts about the square of the hypotenuse.

I'm very good at integral and differential calculus,&lt;br&gt;
I know the scientific names of beings animalculous,&lt;br&gt;
In short, in matters vegetable, animal, and mineral,&lt;br&gt;
I am the very model of a modern Major-General.

== Vowel Deviations ==
Vowel deviations occur when one vowel sound is used in place of another. Many common mispronunciations are due to vowel deviations.

Practice these [[b:Announcing/Articulation#Vowel_Deviations|vowel deviation exercises]] to help avoid vowel deviations.
== Diphthongs ==
A [[w:Diphthong|diphthong]] is a sound positioned between two vowel sounds, where one vowel sound glides into another.

Practice [[b:Announcing/Articulation#Diphthongs|these diphthong exercises]]. 
== Recommended Reading ==
Students wanting to learn more about enunciation exercises may be interested in reading the following books:
*(Evaluate the book ''Broadcast Voice Exercises'', by Jon Beaupre )
== References ==
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      <text bytes="10045" sha1="4yt5pcen67z6he8efa0pas8qlz52uji" xml:space="preserve">This collection set of enunciation exercises is intended to improve [[w:Diction|diction]], [[w:Articulation_(phonetics)|articulation]], [[w:Pronunciation|pronunciation]], and speech clarity. Choose exercises that address enunciations you have the most difficulty with. Use these as on-going training exercises, and as a warm-up before recording sessions. 
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Begin by going through your chosen exercise slowly to ensure you produce each sound clearly.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.wikihow.com/Stop-Mumbling-and-Speak-Clearly &lt;/ref&gt; 
#'''Open your mouth wider as you talk.''' Closed lips and teeth will reduce your speech volume.
#'''Articulate.''' Make sure you stop the air for consonants like 't' and 'b'. Differentiate between your vowels. Begin by exaggerating each consonant so it is crisp and clear. Make sure the start and end of each word is crisp.
#'''Speak up.''' Practice speaking a little bit louder. You will automatically use more breath, and you will probably slow down and articulate better in the process.
#'''Speak with inflection.''' Questions should go up in pitch at the end. Statements should go down. Notice, also, what syllables and words get emphasis. Try exaggerating your inflection, the way you would if you were reading to a small child and hamming it up a little bit.
#'''Support from your diaphragm.''' Use the muscles in your stomach to support your breath as you speak. Even if you speak no more loudly, you will speak more clearly this way. Place a hand over your stomach, just below your ribs. You should feel the muscles there move as you speak.
#'''Increase speed''' while maintaining clear pronunciation of each sound as you practice each exercise.

Use these enunciation exercises in conjunction with [[Voice Acting/Tongue Twisters|tongue twisters]]. 

This [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pBDS6Li2WQM video on How to Enunciate] may provide some helpful fun.

==Articulation 1:&lt;ref&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pBDS6Li2WQM&lt;/ref&gt; ==
Repeat clearly:
*ba, ba, ba, wa, wa, wa,  ba, ba, ba, wa, wa, wa, pu, pu, pu, fu, fu, fu, pu, pu, pu, fu, fu, fu
*Gutta butta, gutta butta, butta gutta, butta gutta, …
*Red leather, yellow leather, Red leather, yellow leather, …

==Articulation 2:&lt;ref&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Qjr9nWh5cU &lt;/ref&gt; ==
Repeat clearly, and increase the speed at each repetition:

Bah dah gah  pah dah gah&lt;br&gt;
Boh doh goh  poh doh goh&lt;br&gt;
Boo doo goo  poo doo goo&lt;br&gt;
Bee dee gee  pee dee gee&lt;br&gt;
Bay day gay  pay day gay&lt;br&gt;

==Articulation 3:&lt;ref&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Qjr9nWh5cU &lt;/ref&gt; ==
Repeat clearly, and increase the speed at each repetition:

Mah nah lah   Thah vah zah&lt;br&gt;
Moh noh loh  Thoh voh zoh&lt;br&gt;
Moo noo loo Thoo voo zoo&lt;br&gt;
Mee nee lee  Thee vee zee&lt;br&gt;
May nay lay  Thay vay zay
==Articulation 4:&lt;ref&gt;https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/speech/enunciation.htm &lt;/ref&gt; ==

Sah Kah She Fah Rah&lt;br&gt;
Pah Kah She Fah Rah&lt;br&gt;
Wah Kah She Fah Rah&lt;br&gt;
Bah Kah She Fah Rah&lt;br&gt;
Dah Kah She Fah Rah

==Articulation 5:&lt;ref&gt;https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/speech/enunciation.htm &lt;/ref&gt; ==
The tip of the tongue, the teeth and the lips

Lah lee loo lee.  Zip e do da

Repetition, repetition, repetition

We'll weather the weather whatever the weather whether we like it or not
==Articulation 6:==
This [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m8uKrqRXaxk video demonstrates a useful enunciation warm up] for voice over.

==Individual Letters:&lt;ref&gt;https://www.thoughtco.com/enunciation-exercises-for-drama-teachers-2712994 &lt;/ref&gt; ==
=== A: ===
Around the rugged rocks the ragged rascal ran.
=== B: &lt;ref&gt;https://www.write-out-loud.com/dictionexercises.html&lt;/ref&gt; ===
Betty bought a bit of butter, but she found the butter bitter, so Betty bought a bit of better butter to make the bitter butter better.

Big black bug bit a big black bear and the big black bear bled black blood.
=== C: ===
Can I cook a proper cup of coffee in a copper coffee pot?

How can a clam cram in a clean cream can?

=== D: ===
Did Doug dig David's garden or did David dig Doug's garden?

Do drop in at the Dewdrop Inn. Do drop in at the Dewdrop Inn.

Don't doubt the doorbell, but differ with the doorknob.
=== E: ===
Eight gray geese in a green field grazing.
=== F: ===
Four furious friends fought for the phone

Fine white vinegar with veal.

Five flippant Frenchmen fly from France for fashions. Five flippant Frenchmen fly from France for fashions

The free thugs set three thugs free.
=== G: ===
Grab the groundhog from the glazed grass.

Grey geese in a green field grazing.
=== H: ===
How was Harry hastened so hurriedly from the hunt?

In Hertford, Hereford and Hampshire hurricanes hardly ever happen
=== I: ===
Inexplicably mimicking him hiccupping.

I wish to wash my Irish wristwatch

=== J: ===
Jean just jostled James gently. Jean just jostled James gently. 

Jingle jungle jangle joker. Jingle jungle jangle joker.

Jack the jailbird jacked a jeep.
=== K: ===
Kiss her quick, Kiss her quicker, Kiss her quickest

Knit kilts for nasty cold nights.

My cutlery cuts keenly and cleanly.
=== L: ===
Larry sent the latter a letter later. Larry sent the latter a letter later. 

Little lucky Luke likes lakes, lucky little Luke likes licking lakes.

Lucy lingered, looking longingly for her lost lap-dog.

High roller, low roller, lower roller.

=== M: ===
Monkeys make monopoly monotonous.

=== N: ===
The next nest will not necessarily be next to nothing.

You know New York,&lt;br&gt;
You need New York,&lt;br&gt;
You know you need unique New York.
=== O: ===
Octopi occupy a porcupine's mind.

Only royal oily royal oil boils
=== P: ===
Peter Prangle, the prickly pear picker, picked three perfectly prickly pears.

A proper copper coffee pot.

Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.&lt;br&gt;
A peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked.&lt;br&gt;
If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers,&lt;br&gt;
Where's the peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked?

Pearls, please, pretty Penelope,&lt;br&gt;
Pretty Penelope, pretty Penelope,&lt;br&gt;
Pearls, please, pretty Penelope,&lt;br&gt;
Pretty Penelope Pring.
=== Q: ===
Quickly, quickly, quickly, quickly, quickly, quickly, quickly, quickly, quickly, quickly...

Quick kiss. Quicker kiss. Quickest kiss.

Queen Catherine wakes the cat, and the cat quietly cries.
=== R: ===
Reading and writing are richly rewarding. Reading and writing are richly rewarding. 

Rubber Baby Buggy Bumpers!

Roberta ran rings around the Roman ruins.

Round the rugged rocks the ragged rascal ran.
=== S: ===
Some shun sunshine. Do you shun sunshine?

Six thick thistle sticks

Six stick shifts stuck shut.

She sells seashells by the seashore. 

The shrewd shrew sold Sarah seven sliver fish slices.

Moses supposes his toeses are roses,&lt;br&gt;
But Moses supposes erroneously,&lt;br&gt;
For nobody's toeses are posies of roses&lt;br&gt;
As Moses supposes his toeses to be.

Sally sold seven six dollar seashells by the salty seashore

=== T: ===
Three thick thistle sticks.

The thirty-three thieves thought that they thrilled the throne throughout Thursday.

Two toads, totally tired, trying to trot to Tewkesbury.
=== U: ===
Unique New York, Unique New York, Unique New York.
=== V: ===
Vincent vowed vengeance vehemently. Vincent vowed vengeance vehemently. 

Venti, Grande, Tall - Very Grand Words for Large, Medium, Small.

Veni, vidi, vici. 
=== W: ===
Will's wetsuit is round and wet and rough and wide and ready to go on a watery ride.

Wayne went to Wales to watch walruses.
=== X: ===
Xylophones exist or so existentialists insist.
=== Y: ===
Yoda met a Yeti on the Plains of Serengeti.
=== Z: ===
Zoologists illogically love to read astrology.
== Consonant Combinations:&lt;ref&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m8uKrqRXaxk&lt;/ref&gt; ==
=== S/P/C/B/D:&lt;ref&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gp2VvmUJJc8 &lt;/ref&gt; ===
To sit in solemn silence in a dull dark dock in a pestilential prison with a life long lock.

Awaiting the sensation of a short sharp shock from a cheap and chippy chopper on a big, black block.
=== T/D: ===
In tooting two tutors astute tried to toot a duke on a flute.

But duets so grueling end only in dueling when tutors astute toot the flute.
=== M/H/I: ===
She stood on the balcony inexplicably mimicking him hiccupping and amicably welcoming him home.
=== Th: ===
This thin that thatch these themes those thorns the thug they thank. 

Theophilus Thistler, the thistle sifter, in sifting a sieve of unsifted thistles, thrust three thousand thistles through the thick of his thumb.
== Intonation: ==
I scream, you scream, we all scream for ice cream

== From the Pirates of Penzance ==
Adapted from The Major General’s song:

I am the very model of a modern Major-General;&lt;br&gt;
I've information vegetable, animal, and mineral;&lt;br&gt;
I know the Kings of England, and I quote the fights historical,&lt;br&gt;
From Marathon to Waterloo, in order categorical;&lt;br&gt;
I'm very well acquainted too with matters mathematical,&lt;br&gt;
I understand equations, both simple and quadratical,&lt;br&gt;
About binomial theorem, I'm teeming with a lot o' news,&lt;br&gt;
With many cheerful facts about the square of the hypotenuse.

I'm very good at integral and differential calculus,&lt;br&gt;
I know the scientific names of beings animalculous,&lt;br&gt;
In short, in matters vegetable, animal, and mineral,&lt;br&gt;
I am the very model of a modern Major-General.

== Vowel Deviations ==
Vowel deviations occur when one vowel sound is used in place of another. Many common mispronunciations are due to vowel deviations.

Practice these [[b:Announcing/Articulation#Vowel_Deviations|vowel deviation exercises]] to help avoid vowel deviations.
== Diphthongs ==
A [[w:Diphthong|diphthong]] is a sound positioned between two vowel sounds, where one vowel sound glides into another.

Practice [[b:Announcing/Articulation#Diphthongs|these diphthong exercises]]. 
== Recommended Reading ==
Students wanting to learn more about enunciation exercises may be interested in reading the following books:
*(Evaluate the book ''Broadcast Voice Exercises'', by Jon Beaupre )
== References ==
&lt;references/&gt;

[[Category:Voice Acting]]</text>
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      <text bytes="35226" sha1="4t6bczw4y2qgb3nsjajp9p16gmnfjtg" xml:space="preserve">—Speak like you mean it
== Introduction ==
[[File:Fred Tatasciore by Gage Skidmore.jpg|thumb|[[w:Fred_Tatasciore|Fred Tatasciore]] is an American [[w:Voice_acting|voice actor]].]]
{{TOC right | limit|limit=2}}
Speak to be understood. Speak to be believed. Although we speak often and hope we are being understood, the exercises provided in this course can help you speak more clearly, express emotion, improve your speaking endurance, and establish a tone that better conveys your message. These skills are useful in your everyday speaking, at business meetings, when leading groups, giving presentations, addressing the town council, or even as a professional voice actor. This course can help you learn to speak with confidence and clarity.

== Objectives ==
{{100%done}}{{By|lbeaumont}}
The objective of this course is to improve your speaking voice. While many of the exercise are described in the context of delivering prepared materials, the course is useful for improving your speaking during everyday conversations, leading small groups, being clear and articulate during dialogues, interviews, and public speaking opportunities; instructing, formal presentations, podcasting, narrating videos, and preparing to work as a professional voice actor.

Practicing the exercises in this course can help you:
*Improve the clarity of your voice so that you speak more clearly.
*Improve your literacy so you can read without hesitating or stumbling,
*Vary the volume and tone of your voice to convey emotion and motivation,
*Choose phrasing that clearly communicates and allows you to breath effectively. 
*Speak so that people listen, understand, and respond. 

By conscientiously practicing the exercises in this course you can progress from being an [[w:Four_stages_of_competence|unconsciously incompetent]] speaker toward becoming an unconsciously competent speaker.  

There are no prerequisites to this course and all students are welcome. This is the first course in the [[Voice Acting]] series. Although this course is oriented toward [[w:American_English|American English]] speakers, much of the material is useful to any motivated students. 

Because voice acting is a performance craft, It is important to supplement these course materials with the personal help of a well-qualified [[w:Vocal_coach|voice or vocal coach]] who will assist in your [[w:Vocal_pedagogy|vocal pedagogy]]. Several references in this course include videos that demonstrate relevant exercises. These videos are important supplements to the text of this course because they demonstrate skillful voice acting performances. Voice acting requires [[w:Experiential_learning|experiential learning]]. 

The freely available WikiBook ''[[b:Announcing|Announcing]]'', is a good complement to this course material. 

The course contains many [[w:Hyperlink|hyperlinks]] to further information. Use your judgment and these [[What Matters/link following guidelines|link following guidelines]] to decide when to follow a link, and when to skip over it.

If you wish to contact the instructor, please [[Special:EmailUser/Lbeaumont|click here to send me an email]] or leave a comment or question on the [[Talk:Voice_Acting/Basic_Voice_Acting_Skills|discussion page]].

== Stay Healthy ==
Because poor health will result in poor voice performance, it is important to maintain your overall health and fitness. It is especially important to maintain your [[w:Speech_organ|speech organs]] in peak fitness.

Care for your voice. Avoid screaming, yelling, and whispering.&lt;ref&gt;Ciccarelli, 2013, Page 32&lt;/ref&gt; Stay deliberately silent when you can to rest your voice. 

[[w:Hand_washing|Wash your hands]] often with soap and warm water.

Get enough sleep and eat healthy foods.

Avoid coffee, soft drinks, smoking, alcohol and [[w:Prohibition_of_drugs|prohibited drugs]]. Each of these can impair vocal performance by causing your mouth to dry out or by contributing to general [[w:Dehydration|dehydration]]. Drink water to stay [[w:Drinking|hydrated]]. 

Breath only [[w:Air_pollution|clean air]].

[[w:Nasal_congestion|Nasal congestion]], [[w:Common_cold|colds]], [[w:Influenza|influenza]], [[w:Allergy|allergies]],  and other [[w:Respiratory_tract_infection|respiratory tract infections]] will seriously affect the quality of your voice and your overall ability to perform. Prevent such illnesses and take steps to clear clogged or stuffy sinuses before a performance. [[w:Nasal_irrigation|Nasal irrigation]] can help flush out the nasal cavity. 

[[w:Sore_throat|Sore throats]] and [[w:Laryngitis|laryngitis]] are often longer lasting and potentially more serious conditions that can degrade your voice quality and performance abilities. Prevent these conditions and treat them promptly when they occur. Overcoming laryngitis may require your complete silence for several days.

== Voice Training Exercises ==
=== Breathing ===
Because the [[w:Thoracic_diaphragm|diaphragm]] is the primary muscle of respiration, it is important to practice [[w:Diaphragmatic_breathing|diaphragmatic breathing]]. “For a performer, correct breathing is from the diaphragm, not from the chest.”&lt;ref&gt;Alburger 2014 @ 27 of 465&lt;/ref&gt; 

To check your breathing, stand in front of a mirror and place your right hand on your stomach below the rib cage. Place your left hand on your chest, over the sternum. Exhale fully&lt;ref&gt;To learn to breath diaphragmatically breath ''out'' first then relax. See: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bs7a5lt1kx4&lt;/ref&gt;  and feel your stomach contract as your right hand moves toward your spine. Relax and allow your lungs to fill with air. You will feel your stomach expand. Your left hand should not feel expansion or contraction of the chest during correct diaphragmatic breathing. Your shoulders should not rise. As you continue to breath, your stomach should expand as you inhale and contract as you exhale, and your chest should remain still.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jc91qZPjamY&lt;/ref&gt;

As an exercise,&lt;ref&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1sgb2cUqFiY&lt;/ref&gt; inhale while silently counting slowly 1-2-3-4, notice the stomach expand, hold the breath counting slowly 1-2-3-4, exhale counting slowly 1-2-3-4-5-6, notice the stomach contract, and then hold counting slowly 1-2. Repeat several times.

As another exercise,&lt;ref&gt;Adapted from Alburger 2014 @ 29 of 465 adapted from ''The 3-Dimensional Voice'', by Joni Wilson&lt;/ref&gt; place the fingers of both hands on the belly and open your mouth wide in a [[w:Yawn|yawn]]. Inhale a deep breath and then exhale with a long yawn-sigh making a “haaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa” sound, pushing your diaphragm with your fingers toward the spine as you continue to exhale. When there is no more air, relax, allow the diaphragm to lower and draw in your next breath. 

These exercises are helpful in developing strong diaphragmatic breathing, however to breath conversationally, it is important to only take in enough air for what you need to say.&lt;ref&gt;Alburger 2014 @ 30 of 465&lt;/ref&gt;  Breath after expressing a complete thought, as you typically do in ordinary conversation.

Because the diaphragm is our primary breathing muscle, we naturally breath diaphragmatically. A problem arises, however, when we unknowingly hold our breath while trying to speak. The goal of these exercises is to practice diaphragmatic breathing, so it becomes natural during speech performances.  

Practice sounding conversational as you read copy. Record yourself, listen to the recording, and continue to practice until you sound relaxed and natural.  Copy can be obtained from many sources, including various books, advertisements, instruction manuals, and even cereal boxes. Useful [[Voice Acting/Practice Copy|practice copy]] is also included as part of this course. Practice often.

Work to improve the ''clarity'' of your speech as you practice reading copy. American speakers should begin by using [[w:General_American|General American]] (also known as Standard American English) as your pronunciation reference standard. Recorded samples are available from the [https://www.dialectsarchive.com/general-american General American collection] of the [[w:International_Dialects_of_English_Archive|International Dialects of English Archive]].
*Avoid over-emphasizing the “s” sound, known as ''[[w:Sibilant|sibilance]]'', by clearly differentiating between the “s”, “sh”, and “z” sounds.
*Take care to pronounce the ends of words, especially those ending in “b”, “d”, “g”, “p”, and “ing”. Use proper breath control to provide adequate breath support throughout the passage.
*Avoid lowering your voice and trailing off toward the end of sentences. 
*To convey emotion, emphasize [[w:Vowel|vowel]] sounds.

=== Activating your Resonators ===
In a process called [[w:Vocal_resonation|vocal resonation]], our voices employ a variety of ''[[w:Acoustic_resonance|acoustic resonators]]'' to amplify the sound.

The voice, like all acoustic instruments, has its own special chambers for resonating the tone. Once the tone is produced by the vibrating vocal cords, it vibrates in and through the open resonating ducts and chambers. Since the vocal tract is often associated with different regions of the body, different resonance chambers might be referred to as: chest, mouth, nose (&quot;mask&quot;), or head.

Because we have several [[w:Vocal_resonation|vocal resonators]] we can learn to place sound primarily within a particular resonator. Our vocal resonators include our chest, the larynx, the pharynx, the oral cavity, the nasal cavity, and the sinuses. Each resonator creates a distinctive sound quality. 
*'''Head resonance''' should not be confused with head register or falsetto. It is used primarily for softer singing in either register throughout the range.
*'''Nasal (mask resonance)''' is well-moderated at all times in a well-produced tone. Nasal resonance is bright and edgy and is used in combination with mouth resonance to create forward placement (mask resonance). Nasal resonance adds overtones that give clarity and projection to the voice.
*M'''outh resonance''' is used for a conversational vocal color in singing and, in combination with nasal resonance, it creates forward placement or mask resonance.
*'''Chest resonance''' adds richer, darker, and deeper tone coloring for a sense of power, warmth, and sensuality. It creates a feeling of depth and drama in the voice.

To explore these resonators, begin by humming.&lt;ref&gt;Long, Lecture 15, Vocal Dynamics—Your Best Voice&lt;/ref&gt; While humming feel your throat with your hands. You should notice the hum vibrating the throat area as the sound resonates in the throat. Now try moving the hum so it resonates in the head. This [[w:Head_voice|head voice]] will shift to a much higher pitch. Now speak the line “’The time has come,’ the Walrus said, ‘to talk of many things’” placing the sound in your head resonators. 

Now hum using your nasal and sinus cavities as the resonators. This area is called your “mask.” Try speaking while resonating in your mask. Finally try humming then speaking using chest resonance. This [[w:Chest_voice|chest voice]] has a lower pitch. Confirm the chest resonance by using your hands to feel your chest. You should feel the hum and speech vibrating in the chest.

=== Tongue-twisters ===
A [[w:Tongue-twister|tongue-twister]] is a phrase that is designed to be difficult to [[w:Articulation_(phonetics)|articulate]] properly, and can be used as an exercise to improve speech clarity, pace, and rhythm.

Choose a variety of phrases from this [[Voice Acting/Tongue Twisters|list of tongue-twisters]] to practice. Begin speaking them slowly out loud while focusing on speech clarity and maintaining diaphragmatic breathing. Enunciate clearly, accurately, and completely. Maintain your speech volume, pitch, and pacing throughout the phrase taking care not to trail off at the end of the phrase.  Repeat each phrase and work to increase speed as you maintain speech clarity. It can be helpful to practice while watching yourself in a mirror. Listening to recordings of yourself can help identify speech elements and combinations that are difficult for you and require more practice. Practice often.

=== Inflection and Emotion ===
Vary your inflection to express emotion and convey a particular attitude, mood, or intention.

As an exercise, speak some ordinary sentence and use your inflection to convey an [[w:Emotion|emotion]] chosen from the table below.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.voiceactorsnotebook.com/acting-emotions-list-for-practice&lt;/ref&gt;

For example, speak “How would you like to go to the mall today?” as if you are lonely, then again as if you are joyful.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Emotions for Practice !! Negative Affect !! Positive Affect
|-
| '''High energy''' || Angry 😠&lt;br&gt;
Jealous&lt;br&gt;
Envious&lt;br&gt;
Hateful&lt;br&gt;
Contemptuous&lt;br&gt;
Afraid 😨 😱&lt;br&gt;
Gloating 😏&lt;br&gt;
Disgust 😧
 || Surprised 😲&lt;br&gt;
Joyful 🙂&lt;br&gt;
Passionate&lt;br&gt;
Proud 😁&lt;br&gt;
Loving&lt;br&gt;
Compassionate&lt;br&gt;
Grateful&lt;br&gt;
Hopeful

|-
| '''Low Energy''' || Sad ☹️&lt;br&gt;
Depressed&lt;br&gt;
Ashamed 😳&lt;br&gt;
Embarrassed 😖&lt;br&gt;
Guilty&lt;br&gt;
Exhausted 😩&lt;br&gt;
Lonely
 || Contentment&lt;br&gt;
Serenity
|}


Practice a variety of emotions using other phrases, such as:
*I would like some more please! (Vary the emphasized word.)
*How do you know?
*Some food is pretty bland without salt
*I hope it does not rain again today. 
*The Eiffel tower is 300 meters tall.

You can also perform a similar exercise using various intentions rather than emotions.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.voiceactorsnotebook.com/the-intention-behind-the-words&lt;/ref&gt;

Practice delivering copy using a variety of postures to vary the tone of the performance. Try speaking using each of these postures:
*At [[w:At_attention|attention]]—chin up, chest out, shoulders back, stomach in,
*[[w:Military_parade#Rest_positions|At ease]]— feet shoulder width apart, hands clasped behind back but with upper body half still in position of attention,
*Hands behind head with fingers clasped,
*Arms akimbo— the hands are on the hips and the elbows are bowed outward.
*With your hands in your pockets, or clasped together in front of your body.
*While jumping rope, waking, marching, running in place, skipping, or other [[w:Play_(activity)|playful]] postures.
*Reclining

== Tone ==
Varying the ''tone'' of your performance can create a wide variety of distinctive voice qualities, including:&lt;ref&gt;Long, Lecture 15, Vocal Dynamics &lt;/ref&gt; rich, ringing, booming, deep, breathy, cracked, gravelly, thin, flat, nasal, shrill, sing-songy, velvety, and glib.

Tone, also known as [[w:Timbre|timbre]], emerges from a combination of ''pacing, volume, range, articulation, diction, tempo, rhythm, phrasing, attitude,'' and ''subtext''.&lt;ref&gt;Alburger 2014 @ 106 of 465&lt;/ref&gt;

Each of these tonal elements is described below.
=== Pacing, Volume, and Range ===
Pacing, volume, and range are the vocal elements you can vary to create a dynamic performance. 

''Pacing'' describes the variations in speed of your delivery. You can speed up or slow down, and vary the pacing within a phrase, or among phrases to provide interest and express emotion during your performance. 

''Volume'', also known as ''dynamic range'' describes the variations in loudness in your delivery. You can be soft, loud, or moderate and vary the volume throughout the delivery.

''Vocal range'' describes the highest and lowest [[w:Pitch_(music)|pitch]], tone, or frequency of the voice. Pitch can also be varied throughout the performance. 
These are the basic tools available, and a skillful voice actor will apply these tools to convey emotion, intention, and communicate effectively. 
=== Articulation ===
''[[w:Articulation_(phonetics)|Articulation]]'' is the movement of the tongue, lips, jaw, and other speech organs—known as the articulators—in ways that make speech sounds. In speech acting, ''articulation'' refers to the ''clarity'' with which words are spoken.&lt;ref&gt;Alburger 2014 @ 97 of 465&lt;/ref&gt;  ''Enunciation'' is a close synonym and refers to the art of speaking so that each word is clearly heard and understood to its fullest complexity and extremity. This clarity is accomplished through accurate [[w:Pronunciation|pronunciation]] and tone choice. 

Practice [[Voice Acting/Enunciation Exercises|these enunciation exercise]] paying particular attention to:
*Speaking the ends of every word. Say “going to do this” rather than “gotta to this”
*Distinctly articulating both letters when the same letters appear back-to-back in adjacent words as in “success seeds success”
*Pronounce “ing” rather than “ng” in words like lightning, clothing, and everything. 
*Differentiate the ([[w:Voicelessness|unvoiced]]) “s” and the ([[w:Voice_(phonetics)|voiced]]) “z” sounds so that “bells” sounds differently than “buzzer” and “zoologists” sounds different at the start than the end.
*Accentuate the pronunciation during these practice exercises but be sure to speak naturally when using a conversational style.
=== Diction ===
''[[w:Diction|Diction]]'' is the accent, inflection, intonation, and speaking style dependent on the speaker’s distinctive vocabulary choices.&lt;ref&gt;Alburger 2014 @ 99 of 465&lt;/ref&gt; Slow down as required to ensure you are speaking clearly. 

Speak using [[w:General_American|General American]] pronunciation, unless the performance calls for a specific regional [[w:Dialect|dialect]] or [[w:Accent_(sociolinguistics)|accent]]. 

Listen to recordings of your vocal performances to assess your diction. Have others also listen to provide constructive feedback. Use this feedback to improve your diction. 
=== Tempo ===
[[w:Tempo|Tempo]] is the speed or pace of the performance. 
=== Rhythm ===
[[w:Rhythm|Rhythm]] is the timing of sounds and silences that occur over time. Pacing, pauses, breath, the emphasis of key words, diction, and intonation&lt;ref&gt;Alburger 2014 @ 63 of 465&lt;/ref&gt; comprise the rhythm of each voice acting performance. 

Whereas ''tempo'' is the overall speed of the performance, ''rhythm'' is the variations in speed.

As you practice each performance, play with a variety of pacing and rhythms until you find the best emotional expression and most accurate communication. 
=== Phrasing ===
In language a [[w:Phrase|phrase]] is a group of words that convey some meaning. In music a [[w:Phrase_(music)|phrase]] is a unit that has a complete musical sense of its own. Phrasing in voice acting refers to how the speaker chooses to group words. Phrasing is a particular grouping of words marked by pauses, breaths, emphasis, speed changes, or tone that convey some coherent thought and emotion. Use pauses to establish phrasing and indicate importance. Whatever follows a pause is perceived as being more important.&lt;ref&gt;Alburger 2014 @ 106 of 465&lt;/ref&gt;

Various phrasing choices can substantially alter the meaning of a passage.

Compare “The panda eats shoots and leaves.” to “The panda eats, shoots, and leaves.”&lt;ref&gt;''[[w:Eats,_Shoots_&amp;_Leaves|Eats, Shoots, &amp; Leaves]]'', by Lynne Truss&lt;/ref&gt; 

Compare “Let’s eat, Grandma” to &quot;Let’s eat Grandma”

Speak “The British left waffles on the Falklands” or “We saw a cave walking down the road” using a variety of phrasing.

Choose phrasing carefully to correctly resolve [[w:Syntactic_ambiguity|syntactic ambiguity]].

=== Attitude ===
[[w:Attitude_(psychology)|Attitude]] refers to your overall state of mind with respect to some person, place, thing, or event. Your attitude reflects your evaluation of the situation, which may range from extremely positive—I really like this—to extremely negative—I really hate this. Your attitude may also be indifferent, conflicted, or ambivalent. Your attitude determines your readiness to act in some certain way.

When voice acting, read the copy to determine what attitude to adopt to convey the intended meaning most accurately. Rehearse by experimenting with a variety of attitudes to find the one most suitable. Express emotions consistent with that attitude during your performance.
=== Subtext ===
[[w:Subtext|Subtext]] is any content of a creative work which is not announced explicitly by the characters or author but is implicit or becomes something understood by the observer of the work as the production unfolds.

Understanding the subtext of the copy will help determine your attitude.

== Your signature voice ==
Work with a voice coach to determine your [[w:Vocal_range|vocal range]] and suitability of various [[w:Vocal_register|vocal registers]]. Your signature voice will be comfortably within your vocal range. Find the [[w:Musical_note|musical note]] that is most characteristic of your range and begin speaking on ''that'' note. This is ''your'' note. A [[w:Pitch_pipe|pitch pipe]], key board, tuning fork, or [[w:Electronic_tuner|electronic tuner]] may help by providing a reference sound at the intended pitch. 

It may be helpful to [[w:Humming|hum]] your note, or voice it as “me, me, me, me” or “om” before starting to speak.

== Preparing to Perform ==
The work of reading, researching, understanding, and interpreting the material that comprise the performance is called ''wood shedding''.&lt;ref&gt;See, for example: http://azaleamusic.com/the-importance-of-woodshedding/&lt;/ref&gt; Careful preparation is essential for a peak performance. 
=== Read the copy silently ===
Read the copy completely and carefully several times to fully understand the message, and to identify any words that may be difficult to pronounce.

Understand the copy as well as if you wrote it yourself. Determine what is happening, who is talking, when, where, and why actions take place, and the various desirable outcomes. Become comfortable enough that you can genuinely express the message in your own words and you will be believed when delivering the performance.
=== Determine your role ===
As a voice actor, your role may be to converse, instruct, persuade, inform, entertain, captivate, narrate, or tell a story.

Read the script to determine:&lt;ref&gt;Ciccarelli 2013 Page 70&lt;/ref&gt;
*The role you are playing,
*What you want to communicate,
*When the story happens,
*Where the story takes place, and
*Why you are speaking.

Use a conversational delivery style.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KLhyYwvHT00 &lt;/ref&gt;
=== Learn and practice any unusual pronunciations ===
Mark any words that you are unsure how to pronounce. Consult a reliable reference to determine the correct pronunciation.
*The pronunciation of names of people and places are best determined by asking the named person, or someone who lives in the named place. 
*Ask the author, director, or qualified representative how to pronounce product names, brand names, corporation names, or organization names.
*Research the pronunciation of technical terms, medical terms, legal terms, foreign-language terms, and other specific language using a reliable reference such as subject matter experts, native speakers, the author, or director.
*The pronunciation of many words can be checked using on-line references&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Announcing/Standard_Pronunciation&lt;/ref&gt;  such as the Merriam-Webster on-line dictionary,&lt;ref&gt;https://www.merriam-webster.com/ &lt;/ref&gt; or the ''For Voice-over''&lt;ref&gt;https://forvo.com/ &lt;/ref&gt; pronunciation dictionary.

Mark the copy using some form of [[w:Phonetic_transcription|phonetic transcription]], [[w:Pronunciation_respelling_for_English|pronunciation respelling for English]], alternative spelling, the [[w:International_Phonetic_Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet]], or some other prompt, cue, or notation that is helpful to you. 
=== Read the copy out loud ===
Practice reading the copy out-loud several times. Play with a variety of delivery approaches to find a tone, inflection, and emotion that best conveys a believable message. Speak to be understood. 
=== Mark the copy ===
As you read and re-read the copy out loud, begin to mark the copy to indicate:&lt;ref&gt;Ciccarelli 2013 Page 78&lt;/ref&gt;
*Where to pause or breath,
*The tone, inflection, and pacing,
*The volume of your voice,
*Pronunciation of difficult words, and
*Other dynamic elements contributing to the tone of your delivery.

Use any marking system that works for you. Some commonly used marks are listed in this table.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.linkedin.com/learning/voice-over-for-video-and-animation/marking-up-a-script&lt;/ref&gt;, &lt;ref&gt;http://www.peterdrewvo.com/html/analyze_the_copy_first.html &lt;/ref&gt; Add to this list, or modify it to suit your needs.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Mark !! Meaning
|-
| /|| Breath
|-
| // || Pause
|-
| /// || Long pause
|-
| Circled words || Check and mark pronunciation before performing
|-
| ↗ or ↑ or &lt; || Raise voice or pitch
|-
| ↘ or ↓ or &gt;  || Lower voice or pitch
|-
| UPPER CASE, or bold  || Raise Voice
|-
| Underline || Emphasize by raising or lowering your voice or pitch.
|-
| H or 😊 || Happy mood
|-
| E or  😄 || Excited mood
|-
| C or  😌 || Calm mood
|}
 
Study this [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Marked_copy_for_voice_acting.pdf example of marked up copy].

== Speaking ==
=== Dress for Success ===
Wear comfortable clothes that stay quiet as you move. Avoid jewelry, loose change or keys in your pockets, and other accessories that can make noise or cause distractions during your performance. Flat sneakers are more practical than high heels. Put your mobile devices aside so you will not be disturbed. 
=== Posture ===
Stand at the microphone with your feet shoulder width apart.  Keep your upper body upright, with your shoulders in line with your hips.&lt;ref&gt;[[b:Announcing/Five_Steps_to_Building_a_Better_Voice#Posture|Announcing/Five Steps to Building a Better Voice#Posture]] &lt;/ref&gt;  Imagine a string pulling the top of your head up as if you were a marionette. Attain a well-balanced [[w:Neutral_spine|neutral spine]] posture. Stay relaxed and don’t stand stiffly. 

Because emotion is the by-product of action,&lt;ref&gt;Long, Lecture 20&lt;/ref&gt;  it is important to be physical while you stand and deliver. Move your hands, wave your arms, use hand gestures, walk around, bend over, shake your head, make facial expressions, and don’t be afraid to overact as you speak. Only your engaged and expressive voice, and none of your thrashing about will be captured in the recording. 

To try this, deliver the phrase&lt;ref&gt;Alburger 2014 @ 79 of 465&lt;/ref&gt;  “You want me to do what?” first while seated and still, and then again while standing and fully animated. Use [[w:Body_language|body language]] and [[w:Facial_expression|facial expressions]] that convey how you feel about being asked to do something surprising, arduous, or outrageous. Listen to the difference in delivery.

=== Hydrate ===
[[w:Drinking|Hydrate]] before each performance. Drinking water at room temperature is best. A [[w:Spray_bottle|spray bottle]] of water can be used to irrigate your mouth during a performance. Episodes of [[w:Xerostomia|dry mouth]] can be relieved by using saliva stimulants such as dissolved [[w:Vitamin_C|vitamin C]], a [[w:Throat_lozenge|throat lozenge]], or a throat spray before the performance.

Swishing a small amount of olive oil can lubricate the mouth and reduce mouth noise.&lt;ref&gt;Alburger 2014 @ 49 of 465&lt;/ref&gt;

Eating [[w:Granny_Smith|Granny Smith apples]] may reduce mucus buildup in the mouth and help clear your throat.

=== Warmups ===
Use these warm-up exercises,&lt;ref&gt;Alburger 2014 @ 40 of 465&lt;/ref&gt;,&lt;ref&gt;[[b:Announcing/Voice_Exercises|Announcing/Voice Exercises]]&lt;/ref&gt;  to relax your mind, body, and voice before each recording session.
*Inhale a slow deep breath through your nose. Hold the breath for a few seconds, then slowly exhale through the mouth. It may be helpful to voice “ooooh”, “[[w:Om|om]]”, or “haaaaa” as you breathe out all the air and relax. Repeat this about 10 times. 
*Stand with your feet about shoulder width apart. Breath deeply. Stretch your hands over your head, reaching toward the ceiling. Bend forward at the waist, lower your arms toward the floor. Slowly straighten the body, returning to a standing position. Repeat this slowly a few times.
*Stand as above, let your arms hang limp at your side and shake them out.
*Scrunch up your face, closing your eyes and closing your lips tightly. Hold this tightly. Then make a big face, opening your mouth widely, opening your eyes widely. Hold this, then relax. Repeat this several times. 
*Inhale deeply and slowly, then release the air through your relaxed lips. They should flutter and make a sound like horse lips or lip trills . Repeat several times increasing the length of each repetition.
*Stick you tongue out as far as you can. Try to touch your tongue to your chin, then your nose, then your left ear, and finally your right ear. Repeat several times. 
*Yawn , vocalizing with a low pitch “haaaa” sound.
*Obtain a cork from a wine bottle. Hold it loosely in your teeth with about ¼ inch of the cork extending behind your teeth like a stubby cigar.  Inhale and exhale a few breaths with the cork in place. Read a few sentences of copy slowly and clearly. Ensure your pronunciation is accurate, clear, and complete. With the cork still in place, read the copy a few times. You may notice your mouth and tongue muscles getting tired. This is a result of exercising these muscles. Remove the cork and read the copy normally. You should notice improved clarity. The SpeechMaster pro is a device that may be more effective than a cork in this exercise. 
*The ''[[w:Pitch_(music)|pitch]]'' of your voice is the frequency or tone of the sound. You will naturally have some particular [[w:Vocal_range|''vocal range'']].  The highest female voices are in the [[w:Soprano|soprano]] range and the lowest male voices are in the [[w:Bass_(voice_type)|bass]] range. Begin this exercise with a deep inhale, then slowly release air making a “haaaa” sound like a slow siren beginning with the lowest tone in your range and then gradually increasing the pitch toward the highest tone in your range.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gki1OAvFBDc &lt;/ref&gt; After sweeping low to high, take another breath and sweep from high to low. Repeat several times. 
*Perform exercises chosen from this collection of [[Voice Acting/Enunciation Exercises|enunciation exercises]]. 
*Practice exercises chosen from this list of [[Voice Acting/Tongue Twisters|tongue twisters]]. For an additional challenge, practice the tongue twisters while holding a cork in your teeth, as described above. 

More exercises are demonstrated in “Mastering Stage Presence”, Lecture 13, Accessing the breath, available from [[w:The_Great_Courses|The Great Courses]], in the article “How to develop a ‘Radio Voice’”.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.wikihow.com/Develop-a-%22Radio-Voice%22 How to develop a ‘Radio Voice’”], WikiHow Article. &lt;/ref&gt;

=== Relax ===
A relaxed performance is a believable performance. “What is needed is to get into the flow of the copy, breath naturally, relax, have fun, and let the performance take you where it needs to go.”&lt;ref&gt;Alburger 2014 @ 16 of 465&lt;/ref&gt;

A few simple “yawn-sighs” at the start of your performance may be enough to relax you. If you are still tense, choose from [[Voice Acting/Relaxation Exercises|these relaxation exercises]] to relax before your performance.

=== Converse ===
The most important characteristic of your communication is that it be believable. Often a simple, natural conversational style is the most effective delivery approach. 

Don’t ''try'' to speak, simply speak. “The best voice actors do not sound like someone ‘doing’ voiceover. They sound like your best friend talking to you—comfortable, casual, friendly, and most of all, not ‘announcery.’”&lt;ref&gt;Alburger 2014 @ 18 of 465&lt;/ref&gt;

Express the message, don’t just read it. “As a voice actor, you will need to learn how to read out loud in a way that sounds like you are just talking to another person, as if you were having a casual conversation.”&lt;ref&gt;Alburger 2014 @ 64 of 465&lt;/ref&gt;

Explore a wide variety of delivery styles to search for the most effective delivery. This playful experimentation is called “character departure”.&lt;ref&gt;Alburger 2014 @ 66 of 465&lt;/ref&gt;  Try delivering each line faster, slower, louder, softer, higher pitched, lower pitched. Try a rising emphasis, a falling emphasis, with longer pauses, with shorter pauses, with no pauses, with pauses in different places.  Emphasize different words by increasing or decreasing their speed, volume, or pitch. Change up the rhythm. Modify the transitions. Vary your inflection when delivering lists. Mix up the phrasing, breathing, and intonation until the delivery captures the intent. 

It can be helpful to memorize the start of each phrase, so you can deliver part of it from memory. You are less likely to sound like you are reading if you aren’t reading. 
During your performance, choose one person to speak to. If you can have a person sit a few feet away, listen, and remain interested as you speak, this is ideal. Lacking that, choose some object in the room and imagine you best friend there, hanging on your every word. 
==== Assignment ====
#Read this article on [[b:Announcing/Reading_Copy|Reading Copy]].
#Carry out the exercise in that article.
#Relax and converse when you perform.

== Summary ==
Speak to be understood. [[Voice Acting/Relaxation Exercises|Relax]] and breath from your diaphragm without unwittingly holding your breath. Practice [[Voice Acting/Enunciation Exercises|elocution]], [[Voice Acting/Tongue Twisters|tongue-twisters]], and a wide range of inflections and emotions so you can speak clearly. Experiment and choose a tone to fit the message. Find your signature voice and use it comfortably. Practice, research, warm up, and relax so your delivery is clear and believable.

Study [[Voice Acting/Great Speeches|these great speeches]] to improve your voice acting skills.

Speak like you mean it.

==Recommended Reading==
Students wanting to learn more about voice acting may be interested in reading the following books:
*{{cite book |last=Alburger |first=James |date=July 19, 2014 |title=The Art of Voice Acting: The Craft and Business of Performing for Voiceover |publisher=Routledge |pages=492 |isbn=978-0415736978 }}
*{{cite book |last1=Ciccarelli |first1=David |last2=Ciccarelli |first2=Stephanie |date=January 29, 2013 |title=Voice Acting For Dummies |publisher=For Dummies |pages=384 |isbn=978-1118399583 }}
*[[b:Announcing|Announcing]]
== Notes ==
{{Reflist}}
==References==
*{{cite book |last=Alburger |first=James |date=July 19, 2014 |title=The Art of Voice Acting: The Craft and Business of Performing for Voiceover |publisher=Routledge |pages=492 |isbn=978-0415736978 }}
*{{cite book |last1=Ciccarelli |first1=David |last2=Ciccarelli |first2=Stephanie |date=January 29, 2013 |title=Voice Acting For Dummies |publisher=For Dummies |pages=384 |isbn=978-1118399583 }}
*Long, Melanie M. ''Mastering Stage Presence: How to Present to Any Audience'', available from [[w:The_Great_Courses|The Teaching Company]]

[[Category:Life skills]]
[[Category:Theatre]]
[[Category:Film]]</text>
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== Introduction ==
[[File:Fred Tatasciore by Gage Skidmore.jpg|thumb|[[w:Fred_Tatasciore|Fred Tatasciore]] is an American [[w:Voice_acting|voice actor]].]]
{{TOC right | limit|limit=2}}
Speak to be understood. Speak to be believed. Although we speak often and hope we are being understood, the exercises provided in this course can help you speak more clearly, express emotion, improve your speaking endurance, and establish a tone that better conveys your message. These skills are useful in your everyday speaking, at business meetings, when leading groups, giving presentations, addressing the town council, or even as a professional voice actor. This course can help you learn to speak with confidence and clarity.

== Objectives ==
{{100%done}}{{By|lbeaumont}}
The objective of this course is to improve your speaking voice. While many of the exercise are described in the context of delivering prepared materials, the course is useful for improving your speaking during everyday conversations, leading small groups, being clear and articulate during dialogues, interviews, and public speaking opportunities; instructing, formal presentations, podcasting, narrating videos, and preparing to work as a professional voice actor.

Practicing the exercises in this course can help you:
*Improve the clarity of your voice so that you speak more clearly.
*Improve your literacy so you can read without hesitating or stumbling,
*Vary the volume and tone of your voice to convey emotion and motivation,
*Choose phrasing that clearly communicates and allows you to breath effectively. 
*Speak so that people listen, understand, and respond. 

By conscientiously practicing the exercises in this course you can progress from being an [[w:Four_stages_of_competence|unconsciously incompetent]] speaker toward becoming an unconsciously competent speaker.  

There are no prerequisites to this course and all students are welcome. This is the first course in the [[Voice Acting]] series. Although this course is oriented toward [[w:American_English|American English]] speakers, much of the material is useful to any motivated students. 

Because voice acting is a performance craft, It is important to supplement these course materials with the personal help of a well-qualified [[w:Vocal_coach|voice or vocal coach]] who will assist in your [[w:Vocal_pedagogy|vocal pedagogy]]. Several references in this course include videos that demonstrate relevant exercises. These videos are important supplements to the text of this course because they demonstrate skillful voice acting performances. Voice acting requires [[w:Experiential_learning|experiential learning]]. 

The freely available WikiBook ''[[b:Announcing|Announcing]]'', is a good complement to this course material. 

The course contains many [[w:Hyperlink|hyperlinks]] to further information. Use your judgment and these [[What Matters/link following guidelines|link following guidelines]] to decide when to follow a link, and when to skip over it.

If you wish to contact the instructor, please [[Special:EmailUser/Lbeaumont|click here to send me an email]] or leave a comment or question on the [[Talk:Voice_Acting/Basic_Voice_Acting_Skills|discussion page]].

== Stay Healthy ==
Because poor health will result in poor voice performance, it is important to maintain your overall health and fitness. It is especially important to maintain your [[w:Speech_organ|speech organs]] in peak fitness.

Care for your voice. Avoid screaming, yelling, and whispering.&lt;ref&gt;Ciccarelli, 2013, Page 32&lt;/ref&gt; Stay deliberately silent when you can to rest your voice. 

[[w:Hand_washing|Wash your hands]] often with soap and warm water.

Get enough sleep and eat healthy foods.

Avoid coffee, soft drinks, smoking, alcohol and [[w:Prohibition_of_drugs|prohibited drugs]]. Each of these can impair vocal performance by causing your mouth to dry out or by contributing to general [[w:Dehydration|dehydration]]. Drink water to stay [[w:Drinking|hydrated]]. 

Breath only [[w:Air_pollution|clean air]].

[[w:Nasal_congestion|Nasal congestion]], [[w:Common_cold|colds]], [[w:Influenza|influenza]], [[w:Allergy|allergies]],  and other [[w:Respiratory_tract_infection|respiratory tract infections]] will seriously affect the quality of your voice and your overall ability to perform. Prevent such illnesses and take steps to clear clogged or stuffy sinuses before a performance. [[w:Nasal_irrigation|Nasal irrigation]] can help flush out the nasal cavity. 

[[w:Sore_throat|Sore throats]] and [[w:Laryngitis|laryngitis]] are often longer lasting and potentially more serious conditions that can degrade your voice quality and performance abilities. Prevent these conditions and treat them promptly when they occur. Overcoming laryngitis may require your complete silence for several days.

== Voice Training Exercises ==
=== Breathing ===
Because the [[w:Thoracic_diaphragm|diaphragm]] is the primary muscle of respiration, it is important to practice [[w:Diaphragmatic_breathing|diaphragmatic breathing]]. “For a performer, correct breathing is from the diaphragm, not from the chest.”&lt;ref&gt;Alburger 2014 @ 27 of 465&lt;/ref&gt; 

To check your breathing, stand in front of a mirror and place your right hand on your stomach below the rib cage. Place your left hand on your chest, over the sternum. Exhale fully&lt;ref&gt;To learn to breath diaphragmatically breath ''out'' first then relax. See: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bs7a5lt1kx4&lt;/ref&gt;  and feel your stomach contract as your right hand moves toward your spine. Relax and allow your lungs to fill with air. You will feel your stomach expand. Your left hand should not feel expansion or contraction of the chest during correct diaphragmatic breathing. Your shoulders should not rise. As you continue to breath, your stomach should expand as you inhale and contract as you exhale, and your chest should remain still.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jc91qZPjamY&lt;/ref&gt;

As an exercise,&lt;ref&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1sgb2cUqFiY&lt;/ref&gt; inhale while silently counting slowly 1-2-3-4, notice the stomach expand, hold the breath counting slowly 1-2-3-4, exhale counting slowly 1-2-3-4-5-6, notice the stomach contract, and then hold counting slowly 1-2. Repeat several times.

As another exercise,&lt;ref&gt;Adapted from Alburger 2014 @ 29 of 465 adapted from ''The 3-Dimensional Voice'', by Joni Wilson&lt;/ref&gt; place the fingers of both hands on the belly and open your mouth wide in a [[w:Yawn|yawn]]. Inhale a deep breath and then exhale with a long yawn-sigh making a “haaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa” sound, pushing your diaphragm with your fingers toward the spine as you continue to exhale. When there is no more air, relax, allow the diaphragm to lower and draw in your next breath. 

These exercises are helpful in developing strong diaphragmatic breathing, however to breath conversationally, it is important to only take in enough air for what you need to say.&lt;ref&gt;Alburger 2014 @ 30 of 465&lt;/ref&gt;  Breath after expressing a complete thought, as you typically do in ordinary conversation.

Because the diaphragm is our primary breathing muscle, we naturally breath diaphragmatically. A problem arises, however, when we unknowingly hold our breath while trying to speak. The goal of these exercises is to practice diaphragmatic breathing, so it becomes natural during speech performances.  

Practice sounding conversational as you read copy. Record yourself, listen to the recording, and continue to practice until you sound relaxed and natural.  Copy can be obtained from many sources, including various books, advertisements, instruction manuals, and even cereal boxes. Useful [[Voice Acting/Practice Copy|practice copy]] is also included as part of this course. Practice often.

Work to improve the ''clarity'' of your speech as you practice reading copy. American speakers should begin by using [[w:General_American|General American]] (also known as Standard American English) as your pronunciation reference standard. Recorded samples are available from the [https://www.dialectsarchive.com/general-american General American collection] of the [[w:International_Dialects_of_English_Archive|International Dialects of English Archive]].
*Avoid over-emphasizing the “s” sound, known as ''[[w:Sibilant|sibilance]]'', by clearly differentiating between the “s”, “sh”, and “z” sounds.
*Take care to pronounce the ends of words, especially those ending in “b”, “d”, “g”, “p”, and “ing”. Use proper breath control to provide adequate breath support throughout the passage.
*Avoid lowering your voice and trailing off toward the end of sentences. 
*To convey emotion, emphasize [[w:Vowel|vowel]] sounds.

=== Activating your Resonators ===
In a process called [[w:Vocal_resonation|vocal resonation]], our voices employ a variety of ''[[w:Acoustic_resonance|acoustic resonators]]'' to amplify the sound.

The voice, like all acoustic instruments, has its own special chambers for resonating the tone. Once the tone is produced by the vibrating vocal cords, it vibrates in and through the open resonating ducts and chambers. Since the vocal tract is often associated with different regions of the body, different resonance chambers might be referred to as: chest, mouth, nose (&quot;mask&quot;), or head.

Because we have several [[w:Vocal_resonation|vocal resonators]] we can learn to place sound primarily within a particular resonator. Our vocal resonators include our chest, the larynx, the pharynx, the oral cavity, the nasal cavity, and the sinuses. Each resonator creates a distinctive sound quality. 
*'''Head resonance''' should not be confused with head register or falsetto. It is used primarily for softer singing in either register throughout the range.
*'''Nasal (mask resonance)''' is well-moderated at all times in a well-produced tone. Nasal resonance is bright and edgy and is used in combination with mouth resonance to create forward placement (mask resonance). Nasal resonance adds overtones that give clarity and projection to the voice.
*M'''outh resonance''' is used for a conversational vocal color in singing and, in combination with nasal resonance, it creates forward placement or mask resonance.
*'''Chest resonance''' adds richer, darker, and deeper tone coloring for a sense of power, warmth, and sensuality. It creates a feeling of depth and drama in the voice.

To explore these resonators, begin by humming.&lt;ref&gt;Long, Lecture 15, Vocal Dynamics—Your Best Voice&lt;/ref&gt; While humming feel your throat with your hands. You should notice the hum vibrating the throat area as the sound resonates in the throat. Now try moving the hum so it resonates in the head. This [[w:Head_voice|head voice]] will shift to a much higher pitch. Now speak the line “’The time has come,’ the Walrus said, ‘to talk of many things’” placing the sound in your head resonators. 

Now hum using your nasal and sinus cavities as the resonators. This area is called your “mask.” Try speaking while resonating in your mask. Finally try humming then speaking using chest resonance. This [[w:Chest_voice|chest voice]] has a lower pitch. Confirm the chest resonance by using your hands to feel your chest. You should feel the hum and speech vibrating in the chest.

=== Tongue-twisters ===
A [[w:Tongue-twister|tongue-twister]] is a phrase that is designed to be difficult to [[w:Articulation_(phonetics)|articulate]] properly, and can be used as an exercise to improve speech clarity, pace, and rhythm.

Choose a variety of phrases from this [[Voice Acting/Tongue Twisters|list of tongue-twisters]] to practice. Begin speaking them slowly out loud while focusing on speech clarity and maintaining diaphragmatic breathing. Enunciate clearly, accurately, and completely. Maintain your speech volume, pitch, and pacing throughout the phrase taking care not to trail off at the end of the phrase.  Repeat each phrase and work to increase speed as you maintain speech clarity. It can be helpful to practice while watching yourself in a mirror. Listening to recordings of yourself can help identify speech elements and combinations that are difficult for you and require more practice. Practice often.

=== Inflection and Emotion ===
Vary your inflection to express emotion and convey a particular attitude, mood, or intention.

As an exercise, speak some ordinary sentence and use your inflection to convey an [[w:Emotion|emotion]] chosen from the table below.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.voiceactorsnotebook.com/acting-emotions-list-for-practice&lt;/ref&gt;

For example, speak “How would you like to go to the mall today?” as if you are lonely, then again as if you are joyful.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Emotions for Practice !! Negative Affect !! Positive Affect
|-
| '''High energy''' || Angry 😠&lt;br&gt;
Jealous&lt;br&gt;
Envious&lt;br&gt;
Hateful&lt;br&gt;
Contemptuous&lt;br&gt;
Afraid 😨 😱&lt;br&gt;
Gloating 😏&lt;br&gt;
Disgust 😧
 || Surprised 😲&lt;br&gt;
Joyful 🙂&lt;br&gt;
Passionate&lt;br&gt;
Proud 😁&lt;br&gt;
Loving&lt;br&gt;
Compassionate&lt;br&gt;
Grateful&lt;br&gt;
Hopeful

|-
| '''Low Energy''' || Sad ☹️&lt;br&gt;
Depressed&lt;br&gt;
Ashamed 😳&lt;br&gt;
Embarrassed 😖&lt;br&gt;
Guilty&lt;br&gt;
Exhausted 😩&lt;br&gt;
Lonely
 || Contentment&lt;br&gt;
Serenity
|}


Practice a variety of emotions using other phrases, such as:
*I would like some more please! (Vary the emphasized word.)
*How do you know?
*Some food is pretty bland without salt
*I hope it does not rain again today. 
*The Eiffel tower is 300 meters tall.

You can also perform a similar exercise using various intentions rather than emotions.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.voiceactorsnotebook.com/the-intention-behind-the-words&lt;/ref&gt;

Practice delivering copy using a variety of postures to vary the tone of the performance. Try speaking using each of these postures:
*At [[w:At_attention|attention]]—chin up, chest out, shoulders back, stomach in,
*[[w:Military_parade#Rest_positions|At ease]]— feet shoulder width apart, hands clasped behind back but with upper body half still in position of attention,
*Hands behind head with fingers clasped,
*Arms akimbo— the hands are on the hips and the elbows are bowed outward.
*With your hands in your pockets, or clasped together in front of your body.
*While jumping rope, waking, marching, running in place, skipping, or other [[w:Play_(activity)|playful]] postures.
*Reclining

== Tone ==
Varying the ''tone'' of your performance can create a wide variety of distinctive voice qualities, including:&lt;ref&gt;Long, Lecture 15, Vocal Dynamics &lt;/ref&gt; rich, ringing, booming, deep, breathy, cracked, gravelly, thin, flat, nasal, shrill, sing-songy, velvety, and glib.

Tone, also known as [[w:Timbre|timbre]], emerges from a combination of ''pacing, volume, range, articulation, diction, tempo, rhythm, phrasing, attitude,'' and ''subtext''.&lt;ref&gt;Alburger 2014 @ 106 of 465&lt;/ref&gt;

Each of these tonal elements is described below.
=== Pacing, Volume, and Range ===
Pacing, volume, and range are the vocal elements you can vary to create a dynamic performance. 

''Pacing'' describes the variations in speed of your delivery. You can speed up or slow down, and vary the pacing within a phrase, or among phrases to provide interest and express emotion during your performance. 

''Volume'', also known as ''dynamic range'' describes the variations in loudness in your delivery. You can be soft, loud, or moderate and vary the volume throughout the delivery.

''Vocal range'' describes the highest and lowest [[w:Pitch_(music)|pitch]], tone, or frequency of the voice. Pitch can also be varied throughout the performance. 
These are the basic tools available, and a skillful voice actor will apply these tools to convey emotion, intention, and communicate effectively. 
=== Articulation ===
''[[w:Articulation_(phonetics)|Articulation]]'' is the movement of the tongue, lips, jaw, and other speech organs—known as the articulators—in ways that make speech sounds. In speech acting, ''articulation'' refers to the ''clarity'' with which words are spoken.&lt;ref&gt;Alburger 2014 @ 97 of 465&lt;/ref&gt;  ''Enunciation'' is a close synonym and refers to the art of speaking so that each word is clearly heard and understood to its fullest complexity and extremity. This clarity is accomplished through accurate [[w:Pronunciation|pronunciation]] and tone choice. 

Practice [[Voice Acting/Enunciation Exercises|these enunciation exercise]] paying particular attention to:
*Speaking the ends of every word. Say “going to do this” rather than “gotta to this”
*Distinctly articulating both letters when the same letters appear back-to-back in adjacent words as in “success seeds success”
*Pronounce “ing” rather than “ng” in words like lightning, clothing, and everything. 
*Differentiate the ([[w:Voicelessness|unvoiced]]) “s” and the ([[w:Voice_(phonetics)|voiced]]) “z” sounds so that “bells” sounds differently than “buzzer” and “zoologists” sounds different at the start than the end.
*Accentuate the pronunciation during these practice exercises but be sure to speak naturally when using a conversational style.
=== Diction ===
''[[w:Diction|Diction]]'' is the accent, inflection, intonation, and speaking style dependent on the speaker’s distinctive vocabulary choices.&lt;ref&gt;Alburger 2014 @ 99 of 465&lt;/ref&gt; Slow down as required to ensure you are speaking clearly. 

Speak using [[w:General_American|General American]] pronunciation, unless the performance calls for a specific regional [[w:Dialect|dialect]] or [[w:Accent_(sociolinguistics)|accent]]. 

Listen to recordings of your vocal performances to assess your diction. Have others also listen to provide constructive feedback. Use this feedback to improve your diction. 
=== Tempo ===
[[w:Tempo|Tempo]] is the speed or pace of the performance. 
=== Rhythm ===
[[w:Rhythm|Rhythm]] is the timing of sounds and silences that occur over time. Pacing, pauses, breath, the emphasis of key words, diction, and intonation&lt;ref&gt;Alburger 2014 @ 63 of 465&lt;/ref&gt; comprise the rhythm of each voice acting performance. 

Whereas ''tempo'' is the overall speed of the performance, ''rhythm'' is the variations in speed.

As you practice each performance, play with a variety of pacing and rhythms until you find the best emotional expression and most accurate communication. 
=== Phrasing ===
In language a [[w:Phrase|phrase]] is a group of words that convey some meaning. In music a [[w:Phrase_(music)|phrase]] is a unit that has a complete musical sense of its own. Phrasing in voice acting refers to how the speaker chooses to group words. Phrasing is a particular grouping of words marked by pauses, breaths, emphasis, speed changes, or tone that convey some coherent thought and emotion. Use pauses to establish phrasing and indicate importance. Whatever follows a pause is perceived as being more important.&lt;ref&gt;Alburger 2014 @ 106 of 465&lt;/ref&gt;

Various phrasing choices can substantially alter the meaning of a passage.

Compare “The panda eats shoots and leaves.” to “The panda eats, shoots, and leaves.”&lt;ref&gt;''[[w:Eats,_Shoots_&amp;_Leaves|Eats, Shoots, &amp; Leaves]]'', by Lynne Truss&lt;/ref&gt; 

Compare “Let’s eat, Grandma” to &quot;Let’s eat Grandma”

Speak “The British left waffles on the Falklands” or “We saw a cave walking down the road” using a variety of phrasing.

Choose phrasing carefully to correctly resolve [[w:Syntactic_ambiguity|syntactic ambiguity]].

=== Attitude ===
[[w:Attitude_(psychology)|Attitude]] refers to your overall state of mind with respect to some person, place, thing, or event. Your attitude reflects your evaluation of the situation, which may range from extremely positive—I really like this—to extremely negative—I really hate this. Your attitude may also be indifferent, conflicted, or ambivalent. Your attitude determines your readiness to act in some certain way.

When voice acting, read the copy to determine what attitude to adopt to convey the intended meaning most accurately. Rehearse by experimenting with a variety of attitudes to find the one most suitable. Express emotions consistent with that attitude during your performance.
=== Subtext ===
[[w:Subtext|Subtext]] is any content of a creative work which is not announced explicitly by the characters or author but is implicit or becomes something understood by the observer of the work as the production unfolds.

Understanding the subtext of the copy will help determine your attitude.

== Your signature voice ==
Work with a voice coach to determine your [[w:Vocal_range|vocal range]] and suitability of various [[w:Vocal_register|vocal registers]]. Your signature voice will be comfortably within your vocal range. Find the [[w:Musical_note|musical note]] that is most characteristic of your range and begin speaking on ''that'' note. This is ''your'' note. A [[w:Pitch_pipe|pitch pipe]], key board, tuning fork, or [[w:Electronic_tuner|electronic tuner]] may help by providing a reference sound at the intended pitch. 

It may be helpful to [[w:Humming|hum]] your note, or voice it as “me, me, me, me” or “om” before starting to speak.

== Preparing to Perform ==
The work of reading, researching, understanding, and interpreting the material that comprise the performance is called ''wood shedding''.&lt;ref&gt;See, for example: http://azaleamusic.com/the-importance-of-woodshedding/&lt;/ref&gt; Careful preparation is essential for a peak performance. 
=== Read the copy silently ===
Read the copy completely and carefully several times to fully understand the message, and to identify any words that may be difficult to pronounce.

Understand the copy as well as if you wrote it yourself. Determine what is happening, who is talking, when, where, and why actions take place, and the various desirable outcomes. Become comfortable enough that you can genuinely express the message in your own words and you will be believed when delivering the performance.
=== Determine your role ===
As a voice actor, your role may be to converse, instruct, persuade, inform, entertain, captivate, narrate, or tell a story.

Read the script to determine:&lt;ref&gt;Ciccarelli 2013 Page 70&lt;/ref&gt;
*The role you are playing,
*What you want to communicate,
*When the story happens,
*Where the story takes place, and
*Why you are speaking.

Use a conversational delivery style.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KLhyYwvHT00 &lt;/ref&gt;
=== Learn and practice any unusual pronunciations ===
Mark any words that you are unsure how to pronounce. Consult a reliable reference to determine the correct pronunciation.
*The pronunciation of names of people and places are best determined by asking the named person, or someone who lives in the named place. 
*Ask the author, director, or qualified representative how to pronounce product names, brand names, corporation names, or organization names.
*Research the pronunciation of technical terms, medical terms, legal terms, foreign-language terms, and other specific language using a reliable reference such as subject matter experts, native speakers, the author, or director.
*The pronunciation of many words can be checked using on-line references&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Announcing/Standard_Pronunciation&lt;/ref&gt;  such as the Merriam-Webster on-line dictionary,&lt;ref&gt;https://www.merriam-webster.com/ &lt;/ref&gt; or the ''For Voice-over''&lt;ref&gt;https://forvo.com/ &lt;/ref&gt; pronunciation dictionary.

Mark the copy using some form of [[w:Phonetic_transcription|phonetic transcription]], [[w:Pronunciation_respelling_for_English|pronunciation respelling for English]], alternative spelling, the [[w:International_Phonetic_Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet]], or some other prompt, cue, or notation that is helpful to you. 
=== Read the copy out loud ===
Practice reading the copy out-loud several times. Play with a variety of delivery approaches to find a tone, inflection, and emotion that best conveys a believable message. Speak to be understood. 
=== Mark the copy ===
As you read and re-read the copy out loud, begin to mark the copy to indicate:&lt;ref&gt;Ciccarelli 2013 Page 78&lt;/ref&gt;
*Where to pause or breath,
*The tone, inflection, and pacing,
*The volume of your voice,
*Pronunciation of difficult words, and
*Other dynamic elements contributing to the tone of your delivery.

Use any marking system that works for you. Some commonly used marks are listed in this table.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.linkedin.com/learning/voice-over-for-video-and-animation/marking-up-a-script&lt;/ref&gt;, &lt;ref&gt;http://www.peterdrewvo.com/html/analyze_the_copy_first.html &lt;/ref&gt; Add to this list, or modify it to suit your needs.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Mark !! Meaning
|-
| /|| Breath
|-
| // || Pause
|-
| /// || Long pause
|-
| Circled words || Check and mark pronunciation before performing
|-
| ↗ or ↑ or &lt; || Raise voice or pitch
|-
| ↘ or ↓ or &gt;  || Lower voice or pitch
|-
| UPPER CASE, or bold  || Raise Voice
|-
| Underline || Emphasize by raising or lowering your voice or pitch.
|-
| H or 😊 || Happy mood
|-
| E or  😄 || Excited mood
|-
| C or  😌 || Calm mood
|}
 
Study this [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Marked_copy_for_voice_acting.pdf example of marked up copy].

== Speaking ==
=== Dress for Success ===
Wear comfortable clothes that stay quiet as you move. Avoid jewelry, loose change or keys in your pockets, and other accessories that can make noise or cause distractions during your performance. Flat sneakers are more practical than high heels. Put your mobile devices aside so you will not be disturbed. 
=== Posture ===
Stand at the microphone with your feet shoulder width apart.  Keep your upper body upright, with your shoulders in line with your hips.&lt;ref&gt;[[b:Announcing/Five_Steps_to_Building_a_Better_Voice#Posture|Announcing/Five Steps to Building a Better Voice#Posture]] &lt;/ref&gt;  Imagine a string pulling the top of your head up as if you were a marionette. Attain a well-balanced [[w:Neutral_spine|neutral spine]] posture. Stay relaxed and don’t stand stiffly. 

Because emotion is the by-product of action,&lt;ref&gt;Long, Lecture 20&lt;/ref&gt;  it is important to be physical while you stand and deliver. Move your hands, wave your arms, use hand gestures, walk around, bend over, shake your head, make facial expressions, and don’t be afraid to overact as you speak. Only your engaged and expressive voice, and none of your thrashing about will be captured in the recording. 

To try this, deliver the phrase&lt;ref&gt;Alburger 2014 @ 79 of 465&lt;/ref&gt;  “You want me to do what?” first while seated and still, and then again while standing and fully animated. Use [[w:Body_language|body language]] and [[w:Facial_expression|facial expressions]] that convey how you feel about being asked to do something surprising, arduous, or outrageous. Listen to the difference in delivery.

=== Hydrate ===
[[w:Drinking|Hydrate]] before each performance. Drinking water at room temperature is best. A [[w:Spray_bottle|spray bottle]] of water can be used to irrigate your mouth during a performance. Episodes of [[w:Xerostomia|dry mouth]] can be relieved by using saliva stimulants such as dissolved [[w:Vitamin_C|vitamin C]], a [[w:Throat_lozenge|throat lozenge]], or a throat spray before the performance.

Swishing a small amount of olive oil can lubricate the mouth and reduce mouth noise.&lt;ref&gt;Alburger 2014 @ 49 of 465&lt;/ref&gt;

Eating [[w:Granny_Smith|Granny Smith apples]] may reduce mucus buildup in the mouth and help clear your throat.

=== Warmups ===
Use these warm-up exercises,&lt;ref&gt;Alburger 2014 @ 40 of 465&lt;/ref&gt;,&lt;ref&gt;[[b:Announcing/Voice_Exercises|Announcing/Voice Exercises]]&lt;/ref&gt;  to relax your mind, body, and voice before each recording session.
*Inhale a slow deep breath through your nose. Hold the breath for a few seconds, then slowly exhale through the mouth. It may be helpful to voice “ooooh”, “[[w:Om|om]]”, or “haaaaa” as you breathe out all the air and relax. Repeat this about 10 times. 
*Stand with your feet about shoulder width apart. Breath deeply. Stretch your hands over your head, reaching toward the ceiling. Bend forward at the waist, lower your arms toward the floor. Slowly straighten the body, returning to a standing position. Repeat this slowly a few times.
*Stand as above, let your arms hang limp at your side and shake them out.
*Scrunch up your face, closing your eyes and closing your lips tightly. Hold this tightly. Then make a big face, opening your mouth widely, opening your eyes widely. Hold this, then relax. Repeat this several times. 
*Inhale deeply and slowly, then release the air through your relaxed lips. They should flutter and make a sound like horse lips or lip trills . Repeat several times increasing the length of each repetition.
*Stick you tongue out as far as you can. Try to touch your tongue to your chin, then your nose, then your left ear, and finally your right ear. Repeat several times. 
*Yawn , vocalizing with a low pitch “haaaa” sound.
*Obtain a cork from a wine bottle. Hold it loosely in your teeth with about ¼ inch of the cork extending behind your teeth like a stubby cigar.  Inhale and exhale a few breaths with the cork in place. Read a few sentences of copy slowly and clearly. Ensure your pronunciation is accurate, clear, and complete. With the cork still in place, read the copy a few times. You may notice your mouth and tongue muscles getting tired. This is a result of exercising these muscles. Remove the cork and read the copy normally. You should notice improved clarity. The SpeechMaster pro is a device that may be more effective than a cork in this exercise. 
*The ''[[w:Pitch_(music)|pitch]]'' of your voice is the frequency or tone of the sound. You will naturally have some particular [[w:Vocal_range|''vocal range'']].  The highest female voices are in the [[w:Soprano|soprano]] range and the lowest male voices are in the [[w:Bass_(voice_type)|bass]] range. Begin this exercise with a deep inhale, then slowly release air making a “haaaa” sound like a slow siren beginning with the lowest tone in your range and then gradually increasing the pitch toward the highest tone in your range.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gki1OAvFBDc &lt;/ref&gt; After sweeping low to high, take another breath and sweep from high to low. Repeat several times. 
*Perform exercises chosen from this collection of [[Voice Acting/Enunciation Exercises|enunciation exercises]]. 
*Practice exercises chosen from this list of [[Voice Acting/Tongue Twisters|tongue twisters]]. For an additional challenge, practice the tongue twisters while holding a cork in your teeth, as described above. 

More exercises are demonstrated in “Mastering Stage Presence”, Lecture 13, Accessing the breath, available from [[w:The_Great_Courses|The Great Courses]], in the article “How to develop a ‘Radio Voice’”.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.wikihow.com/Develop-a-%22Radio-Voice%22 How to develop a ‘Radio Voice’”], WikiHow Article. &lt;/ref&gt;

=== Relax ===
A relaxed performance is a believable performance. “What is needed is to get into the flow of the copy, breath naturally, relax, have fun, and let the performance take you where it needs to go.”&lt;ref&gt;Alburger 2014 @ 16 of 465&lt;/ref&gt;

A few simple “yawn-sighs” at the start of your performance may be enough to relax you. If you are still tense, choose from [[Voice Acting/Relaxation Exercises|these relaxation exercises]] to relax before your performance.

=== Converse ===
The most important characteristic of your communication is that it be believable. Often a simple, natural conversational style is the most effective delivery approach. 

Don’t ''try'' to speak, simply speak. “The best voice actors do not sound like someone ‘doing’ voiceover. They sound like your best friend talking to you—comfortable, casual, friendly, and most of all, not ‘announcery.’”&lt;ref&gt;Alburger 2014 @ 18 of 465&lt;/ref&gt;

Express the message, don’t just read it. “As a voice actor, you will need to learn how to read out loud in a way that sounds like you are just talking to another person, as if you were having a casual conversation.”&lt;ref&gt;Alburger 2014 @ 64 of 465&lt;/ref&gt;

Explore a wide variety of delivery styles to search for the most effective delivery. This playful experimentation is called “character departure”.&lt;ref&gt;Alburger 2014 @ 66 of 465&lt;/ref&gt;  Try delivering each line faster, slower, louder, softer, higher pitched, lower pitched. Try a rising emphasis, a falling emphasis, with longer pauses, with shorter pauses, with no pauses, with pauses in different places.  Emphasize different words by increasing or decreasing their speed, volume, or pitch. Change up the rhythm. Modify the transitions. Vary your inflection when delivering lists. Mix up the phrasing, breathing, and intonation until the delivery captures the intent. 

It can be helpful to memorize the start of each phrase, so you can deliver part of it from memory. You are less likely to sound like you are reading if you aren’t reading. 
During your performance, choose one person to speak to. If you can have a person sit a few feet away, listen, and remain interested as you speak, this is ideal. Lacking that, choose some object in the room and imagine you best friend there, hanging on your every word. 
==== Assignment ====
#Read this article on [[b:Announcing/Reading_Copy|Reading Copy]].
#Carry out the exercise in that article.
#Relax and converse when you perform.

== Summary ==
Speak to be understood. [[Voice Acting/Relaxation Exercises|Relax]] and breath from your diaphragm without unwittingly holding your breath. Practice [[Voice Acting/Enunciation Exercises|elocution]], [[Voice Acting/Tongue Twisters|tongue-twisters]], and a wide range of inflections and emotions so you can speak clearly. Experiment and choose a tone to fit the message. Find your signature voice and use it comfortably. Practice, research, warm up, and relax so your delivery is clear and believable.

Study [[Voice Acting/Great Speeches|these great speeches]] to improve your voice acting skills.

Speak like you mean it.

==Recommended Reading==
Students wanting to learn more about voice acting may be interested in reading the following books:
*{{cite book |last=Alburger |first=James |date=July 19, 2014 |title=The Art of Voice Acting: The Craft and Business of Performing for Voiceover |publisher=Routledge |pages=492 |isbn=978-0415736978 }}
*{{cite book |last1=Ciccarelli |first1=David |last2=Ciccarelli |first2=Stephanie |date=January 29, 2013 |title=Voice Acting For Dummies |publisher=For Dummies |pages=384 |isbn=978-1118399583 }}
*[[b:Announcing|Announcing]]
== Notes ==
{{Reflist}}
==References==
*{{cite book |last=Alburger |first=James |date=July 19, 2014 |title=The Art of Voice Acting: The Craft and Business of Performing for Voiceover |publisher=Routledge |pages=492 |isbn=978-0415736978 }}
*{{cite book |last1=Ciccarelli |first1=David |last2=Ciccarelli |first2=Stephanie |date=January 29, 2013 |title=Voice Acting For Dummies |publisher=For Dummies |pages=384 |isbn=978-1118399583 }}
*Long, Melanie M. ''Mastering Stage Presence: How to Present to Any Audience'', available from [[w:The_Great_Courses|The Teaching Company]]

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[[Category:Voice Acting]]</text>
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      <text bytes="35227" sha1="eg7b4y3jdhdpzo4v9nhpt2kpaogbz8u" xml:space="preserve">—Speak like you mean it
== Introduction ==
[[File:Fred Tatasciore by Gage Skidmore.jpg|thumb|[[w:Fred_Tatasciore|Fred Tatasciore]] is an American [[w:Voice_acting|voice actor]].]]
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Speak to be understood. Speak to be believed. Although we speak often and hope we are being understood, the exercises provided in this course can help you speak more clearly, express emotion, improve your speaking endurance, and establish a tone that better conveys your message. These skills are useful in your everyday speaking, at business meetings, when leading groups, giving presentations, addressing the town council, or even as a professional voice actor. This course can help you learn to speak with confidence and clarity.

== Objectives ==
{{100%done}}{{By|lbeaumont}}
The objective of this course is to improve your speaking voice. While many of the exercise are described in the context of delivering prepared materials, the course is useful for improving your speaking during everyday conversations, leading small groups, being clear and articulate during dialogues, interviews, and public speaking opportunities; instructing, formal presentations, podcasting, narrating videos, and preparing to work as a professional voice actor.

Practicing the exercises in this course can help you:
*Improve the clarity of your voice so that you speak more clearly.
*Improve your literacy so you can read without hesitating or stumbling,
*Vary the volume and tone of your voice to convey emotion and motivation,
*Choose phrasing that clearly communicates and allows you to breath effectively. 
*Speak so that people listen, understand, and respond. 

By conscientiously practicing the exercises in this course you can progress from being an [[w:Four_stages_of_competence|unconsciously incompetent]] speaker toward becoming an unconsciously competent speaker.  

There are no prerequisites to this course and all students are welcome. This is the first course in the [[Voice Acting]] series. Although this course is oriented toward [[w:American_English|American English]] speakers, much of the material is useful to any motivated students. 

Because voice acting is a performance craft, It is important to supplement these course materials with the personal help of a well-qualified [[w:Vocal_coach|voice or vocal coach]] who will assist in your [[w:Vocal_pedagogy|vocal pedagogy]]. Several references in this course include videos that demonstrate relevant exercises. These videos are important supplements to the text of this course because they demonstrate skillful voice acting performances. Voice acting requires [[w:Experiential_learning|experiential learning]]. 

The freely available WikiBook ''[[b:Announcing|Announcing]]'', is a good complement to this course material. 

The course contains many [[w:Hyperlink|hyperlinks]] to further information. Use your judgment and these [[What Matters/link following guidelines|link following guidelines]] to decide when to follow a link, and when to skip over it.

If you wish to contact the instructor, please [[Special:EmailUser/Lbeaumont|click here to send me an email]] or leave a comment or question on the [[Talk:Voice_Acting/Basic_Voice_Acting_Skills|discussion page]].

== Stay Healthy ==
Because poor health will result in poor voice performance, it is important to maintain your overall health and fitness. It is especially important to maintain your [[w:Speech_organ|speech organs]] in peak fitness.

Care for your voice. Avoid screaming, yelling, and whispering.&lt;ref&gt;Ciccarelli, 2013, Page 32&lt;/ref&gt; Stay deliberately silent when you can to rest your voice. 

[[w:Hand_washing|Wash your hands]] often with soap and warm water.

Get enough sleep and eat healthy foods.

Avoid coffee, soft drinks, smoking, alcohol and [[w:Prohibition_of_drugs|prohibited drugs]]. Each of these can impair vocal performance by causing your mouth to dry out or by contributing to general [[w:Dehydration|dehydration]]. Drink water to stay [[w:Drinking|hydrated]]. 

Breath only [[w:Air_pollution|clean air]].

[[w:Nasal_congestion|Nasal congestion]], [[w:Common_cold|colds]], [[w:Influenza|influenza]], [[w:Allergy|allergies]],  and other [[w:Respiratory_tract_infection|respiratory tract infections]] will seriously affect the quality of your voice and your overall ability to perform. Prevent such illnesses and take steps to clear clogged or stuffy sinuses before a performance. [[w:Nasal_irrigation|Nasal irrigation]] can help flush out the nasal cavity. 

[[w:Sore_throat|Sore throats]] and [[w:Laryngitis|laryngitis]] are often longer lasting and potentially more serious conditions that can degrade your voice quality and performance abilities. Prevent these conditions and treat them promptly when they occur. Overcoming laryngitis may require your complete silence for several days.

== Voice Training Exercises ==
=== Breathing ===
Because the [[w:Thoracic_diaphragm|diaphragm]] is the primary muscle of respiration, it is important to practice [[w:Diaphragmatic_breathing|diaphragmatic breathing]]. “For a performer, correct breathing is from the diaphragm, not from the chest.”&lt;ref&gt;Alburger 2014 @ 27 of 465&lt;/ref&gt; 

To check your breathing, stand in front of a mirror and place your right hand on your stomach below the rib cage. Place your left hand on your chest, over the sternum. Exhale fully&lt;ref&gt;To learn to breath diaphragmatically breath ''out'' first then relax. See: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bs7a5lt1kx4&lt;/ref&gt;  and feel your stomach contract as your right hand moves toward your spine. Relax and allow your lungs to fill with air. You will feel your stomach expand. Your left hand should not feel expansion or contraction of the chest during correct diaphragmatic breathing. Your shoulders should not rise. As you continue to breath, your stomach should expand as you inhale and contract as you exhale, and your chest should remain still.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jc91qZPjamY&lt;/ref&gt;

As an exercise,&lt;ref&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1sgb2cUqFiY&lt;/ref&gt; inhale while silently counting slowly 1-2-3-4, notice the stomach expand, hold the breath counting slowly 1-2-3-4, exhale counting slowly 1-2-3-4-5-6, notice the stomach contract, and then hold counting slowly 1-2. Repeat several times.

As another exercise,&lt;ref&gt;Adapted from Alburger 2014 @ 29 of 465 adapted from ''The 3-Dimensional Voice'', by Joni Wilson&lt;/ref&gt; place the fingers of both hands on the belly and open your mouth wide in a [[w:Yawn|yawn]]. Inhale a deep breath and then exhale with a long yawn-sigh making a “haaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa” sound, pushing your diaphragm with your fingers toward the spine as you continue to exhale. When there is no more air, relax, allow the diaphragm to lower and draw in your next breath. 

These exercises are helpful in developing strong diaphragmatic breathing, however to breath conversationally, it is important to only take in enough air for what you need to say.&lt;ref&gt;Alburger 2014 @ 30 of 465&lt;/ref&gt;  Breath after expressing a complete thought, as you typically do in ordinary conversation.

Because the diaphragm is our primary breathing muscle, we naturally breath diaphragmatically. A problem arises, however, when we unknowingly hold our breath while trying to speak. The goal of these exercises is to practice diaphragmatic breathing, so it becomes natural during speech performances.  

Practice sounding conversational as you read copy. Record yourself, listen to the recording, and continue to practice until you sound relaxed and natural.  Copy can be obtained from many sources, including various books, advertisements, instruction manuals, and even cereal boxes. Useful [[Voice Acting/Practice Copy|practice copy]] is also included as part of this course. Practice often.

Work to improve the ''clarity'' of your speech as you practice reading copy. American speakers should begin by using [[w:General_American|General American]] (also known as Standard American English) as your pronunciation reference standard. Recorded samples are available from the [https://www.dialectsarchive.com/general-american General American collection] of the [[w:International_Dialects_of_English_Archive|International Dialects of English Archive]].
*Avoid over-emphasizing the “s” sound, known as ''[[w:Sibilant|sibilance]]'', by clearly differentiating between the “s”, “sh”, and “z” sounds.
*Take care to pronounce the ends of words, especially those ending in “b”, “d”, “g”, “p”, and “ing”. Use proper breath control to provide adequate breath support throughout the passage.
*Avoid lowering your voice and trailing off toward the end of sentences. 
*To convey emotion, emphasize [[w:Vowel|vowel]] sounds.

=== Activating your Resonators ===
In a process called [[w:Vocal_resonation|vocal resonation]], our voices employ a variety of ''[[w:Acoustic_resonance|acoustic resonators]]'' to amplify the sound.

The voice, like all acoustic instruments, has its own special chambers for resonating the tone. Once the tone is produced by the vibrating vocal cords, it vibrates in and through the open resonating ducts and chambers. Since the vocal tract is often associated with different regions of the body, different resonance chambers might be referred to as: chest, mouth, nose (&quot;mask&quot;), or head.

Because we have several [[w:Vocal_resonation|vocal resonators]] we can learn to place sound primarily within a particular resonator. Our vocal resonators include our chest, the larynx, the pharynx, the oral cavity, the nasal cavity, and the sinuses. Each resonator creates a distinctive sound quality. 
*'''Head resonance''' should not be confused with head register or falsetto. It is used primarily for softer singing in either register throughout the range.
*'''Nasal (mask resonance)''' is well-moderated at all times in a well-produced tone. Nasal resonance is bright and edgy and is used in combination with mouth resonance to create forward placement (mask resonance). Nasal resonance adds overtones that give clarity and projection to the voice.
*M'''outh resonance''' is used for a conversational vocal color in singing and, in combination with nasal resonance, it creates forward placement or mask resonance.
*'''Chest resonance''' adds richer, darker, and deeper tone coloring for a sense of power, warmth, and sensuality. It creates a feeling of depth and drama in the voice.

To explore these resonators, begin by humming.&lt;ref&gt;Long, Lecture 15, Vocal Dynamics—Your Best Voice&lt;/ref&gt; While humming feel your throat with your hands. You should notice the hum vibrating the throat area as the sound resonates in the throat. Now try moving the hum so it resonates in the head. This [[w:Head_voice|head voice]] will shift to a much higher pitch. Now speak the line “’The time has come,’ the Walrus said, ‘to talk of many things’” placing the sound in your head resonators. 

Now hum using your nasal and sinus cavities as the resonators. This area is called your “mask.” Try speaking while resonating in your mask. Finally try humming then speaking using chest resonance. This [[w:Chest_voice|chest voice]] has a lower pitch. Confirm the chest resonance by using your hands to feel your chest. You should feel the hum and speech vibrating in the chest.

=== Tongue-twisters ===
A [[w:Tongue-twister|tongue-twister]] is a phrase that is designed to be difficult to [[w:Articulation_(phonetics)|articulate]] properly, and can be used as an exercise to improve speech clarity, pace, and rhythm.

Choose a variety of phrases from this [[Voice Acting/Tongue Twisters|list of tongue-twisters]] to practice. Begin speaking them slowly out loud while focusing on speech clarity and maintaining diaphragmatic breathing. Enunciate clearly, accurately, and completely. Maintain your speech volume, pitch, and pacing throughout the phrase taking care not to trail off at the end of the phrase.  Repeat each phrase and work to increase speed as you maintain speech clarity. It can be helpful to practice while watching yourself in a mirror. Listening to recordings of yourself can help identify speech elements and combinations that are difficult for you and require more practice. Practice often.

=== Inflection and Emotion ===
Vary your inflection to express emotion and convey a particular attitude, mood, or intention.

As an exercise, speak some ordinary sentence and use your inflection to convey an [[w:Emotion|emotion]] chosen from the table below.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.voiceactorsnotebook.com/acting-emotions-list-for-practice&lt;/ref&gt;

For example, speak “How would you like to go to the mall today?” as if you are lonely, then again as if you are joyful.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Emotions for Practice !! Negative Affect !! Positive Affect
|-
| '''High energy''' || Angry 😠&lt;br&gt;
Jealous&lt;br&gt;
Envious&lt;br&gt;
Hateful&lt;br&gt;
Contemptuous&lt;br&gt;
Afraid 😨 😱&lt;br&gt;
Gloating 😏&lt;br&gt;
Disgust 😧
 || Surprised 😲&lt;br&gt;
Joyful 🙂&lt;br&gt;
Passionate&lt;br&gt;
Proud 😁&lt;br&gt;
Loving&lt;br&gt;
Compassionate&lt;br&gt;
Grateful&lt;br&gt;
Hopeful

|-
| '''Low Energy''' || Sad ☹️&lt;br&gt;
Depressed&lt;br&gt;
Ashamed 😳&lt;br&gt;
Embarrassed 😖&lt;br&gt;
Guilty&lt;br&gt;
Exhausted 😩&lt;br&gt;
Lonely
 || Contentment&lt;br&gt;
Serenity
|}


Practice a variety of emotions using other phrases, such as:
*I would like some more please! (Vary the emphasized word.)
*How do you know?
*Some food is pretty bland without salt
*I hope it does not rain again today. 
*The Eiffel tower is 300 meters tall.

You can also perform a similar exercise using various intentions rather than emotions.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.voiceactorsnotebook.com/the-intention-behind-the-words&lt;/ref&gt;

Practice delivering copy using a variety of postures to vary the tone of the performance. Try speaking using each of these postures:
*At [[w:At_attention|attention]]—chin up, chest out, shoulders back, stomach in,
*[[w:Military_parade#Rest_positions|At ease]]— feet shoulder width apart, hands clasped behind back but with upper body half still in position of attention,
*Hands behind head with fingers clasped,
*Arms akimbo— the hands are on the hips and the elbows are bowed outward.
*With your hands in your pockets, or clasped together in front of your body.
*While jumping rope, waking, marching, running in place, skipping, or other [[w:Play_(activity)|playful]] postures.
*Reclining

== Tone ==
Varying the ''tone'' of your performance can create a wide variety of distinctive voice qualities, including:&lt;ref&gt;Long, Lecture 15, Vocal Dynamics &lt;/ref&gt; rich, ringing, booming, deep, breathy, cracked, gravelly, thin, flat, nasal, shrill, sing-songy, velvety, and glib.

Tone, also known as [[w:Timbre|timbre]], emerges from a combination of ''pacing, volume, range, articulation, diction, tempo, rhythm, phrasing, attitude,'' and ''subtext''.&lt;ref&gt;Alburger 2014 @ 106 of 465&lt;/ref&gt;

Each of these tonal elements is described below.
=== Pacing, Volume, and Range ===
Pacing, volume, and range are the vocal elements you can vary to create a dynamic performance. 

''Pacing'' describes the variations in speed of your delivery. You can speed up or slow down, and vary the pacing within a phrase, or among phrases to provide interest and express emotion during your performance. 

''Volume'', also known as ''dynamic range'' describes the variations in loudness in your delivery. You can be soft, loud, or moderate and vary the volume throughout the delivery.

''Vocal range'' describes the highest and lowest [[w:Pitch_(music)|pitch]], tone, or frequency of the voice. Pitch can also be varied throughout the performance. 
These are the basic tools available, and a skillful voice actor will apply these tools to convey emotion, intention, and communicate effectively. 
=== Articulation ===
''[[w:Articulation_(phonetics)|Articulation]]'' is the movement of the tongue, lips, jaw, and other speech organs—known as the articulators—in ways that make speech sounds. In speech acting, ''articulation'' refers to the ''clarity'' with which words are spoken.&lt;ref&gt;Alburger 2014 @ 97 of 465&lt;/ref&gt;  ''Enunciation'' is a close synonym and refers to the art of speaking so that each word is clearly heard and understood to its fullest complexity and extremity. This clarity is accomplished through accurate [[w:Pronunciation|pronunciation]] and tone choice. 

Practice [[Voice Acting/Enunciation Exercises|these enunciation exercise]] paying particular attention to:
*Speaking the ends of every word. Say “going to do this” rather than “gotta to this”
*Distinctly articulating both letters when the same letters appear back-to-back in adjacent words as in “success seeds success”
*Pronounce “ing” rather than “ng” in words like lightning, clothing, and everything. 
*Differentiate the ([[w:Voicelessness|unvoiced]]) “s” and the ([[w:Voice_(phonetics)|voiced]]) “z” sounds so that “bells” sounds differently than “buzzer” and “zoologists” sounds different at the start than the end.
*Accentuate the pronunciation during these practice exercises but be sure to speak naturally when using a conversational style.
=== Diction ===
''[[w:Diction|Diction]]'' is the accent, inflection, intonation, and speaking style dependent on the speaker’s distinctive vocabulary choices.&lt;ref&gt;Alburger 2014 @ 99 of 465&lt;/ref&gt; Slow down as required to ensure you are speaking clearly. 

Speak using [[w:General_American|General American]] pronunciation, unless the performance calls for a specific regional [[w:Dialect|dialect]] or [[w:Accent_(sociolinguistics)|accent]]. 

Listen to recordings of your vocal performances to assess your diction. Have others also listen to provide constructive feedback. Use this feedback to improve your diction. 
=== Tempo ===
[[w:Tempo|Tempo]] is the speed or pace of the performance. 
=== Rhythm ===
[[w:Rhythm|Rhythm]] is the timing of sounds and silences that occur over time. Pacing, pauses, breath, the emphasis of key words, diction, and intonation&lt;ref&gt;Alburger 2014 @ 63 of 465&lt;/ref&gt; comprise the rhythm of each voice acting performance. 

Whereas ''tempo'' is the overall speed of the performance, ''rhythm'' is the variations in speed.

As you practice each performance, play with a variety of pacing and rhythms until you find the best emotional expression and most accurate communication. 
=== Phrasing ===
In language a [[w:Phrase|phrase]] is a group of words that convey some meaning. In music a [[w:Phrase_(music)|phrase]] is a unit that has a complete musical sense of its own. Phrasing in voice acting refers to how the speaker chooses to group words. Phrasing is a particular grouping of words marked by pauses, breaths, emphasis, speed changes, or tone that convey some coherent thought and emotion. Use pauses to establish phrasing and indicate importance. Whatever follows a pause is perceived as being more important.&lt;ref&gt;Alburger 2014 @ 106 of 465&lt;/ref&gt;

Various phrasing choices can substantially alter the meaning of a passage.

Compare “The panda eats shoots and leaves.” to “The panda eats, shoots, and leaves.”&lt;ref&gt;''[[w:Eats,_Shoots_&amp;_Leaves|Eats, Shoots, &amp; Leaves]]'', by Lynne Truss&lt;/ref&gt; 

Compare “Let’s eat, Grandma” to &quot;Let’s eat Grandma”

Speak “The British left waffles on the Falklands” or “We saw a cave walking down the road” using a variety of phrasing.

Choose phrasing carefully to correctly resolve [[w:Syntactic_ambiguity|syntactic ambiguity]].

=== Attitude ===
[[w:Attitude_(psychology)|Attitude]] refers to your overall state of mind with respect to some person, place, thing, or event. Your attitude reflects your evaluation of the situation, which may range from extremely positive—I really like this—to extremely negative—I really hate this. Your attitude may also be indifferent, conflicted, or ambivalent. Your attitude determines your readiness to act in some certain way.

When voice acting, read the copy to determine what attitude to adopt to convey the intended meaning most accurately. Rehearse by experimenting with a variety of attitudes to find the one most suitable. Express emotions consistent with that attitude during your performance.
=== Subtext ===
[[w:Subtext|Subtext]] is any content of a creative work which is not announced explicitly by the characters or author but is implicit or becomes something understood by the observer of the work as the production unfolds.

Understanding the subtext of the copy will help determine your attitude.

== Your signature voice ==
Work with a voice coach to determine your [[w:Vocal_range|vocal range]] and suitability of various [[w:Vocal_register|vocal registers]]. Your signature voice will be comfortably within your vocal range. Find the [[w:Musical_note|musical note]] that is most characteristic of your range and begin speaking on ''that'' note. This is ''your'' note. A [[w:Pitch_pipe|pitch pipe]], key board, tuning fork, or [[w:Electronic_tuner|electronic tuner]] may help by providing a reference sound at the intended pitch. 

It may be helpful to [[w:Humming|hum]] your note, or voice it as “me, me, me, me” or “om” before starting to speak.

== Preparing to Perform ==
The work of reading, researching, understanding, and interpreting the material that comprise the performance is called ''wood shedding''.&lt;ref&gt;See, for example: http://azaleamusic.com/the-importance-of-woodshedding/&lt;/ref&gt; Careful preparation is essential for a peak performance. 
=== Read the copy silently ===
Read the copy completely and carefully several times to fully understand the message, and to identify any words that may be difficult to pronounce.

Understand the copy as well as if you wrote it yourself. Determine what is happening, who is talking, when, where, and why actions take place, and the various desirable outcomes. Become comfortable enough that you can genuinely express the message in your own words and you will be believed when delivering the performance.
=== Determine your role ===
As a voice actor, your role may be to converse, instruct, persuade, inform, entertain, captivate, narrate, or tell a story.

Read the script to determine:&lt;ref&gt;Ciccarelli 2013 Page 70&lt;/ref&gt;
*The role you are playing,
*What you want to communicate,
*When the story happens,
*Where the story takes place, and
*Why you are speaking.

Use a conversational delivery style.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KLhyYwvHT00 &lt;/ref&gt;
=== Learn and practice any unusual pronunciations ===
Mark any words that you are unsure how to pronounce. Consult a reliable reference to determine the correct pronunciation.
*The pronunciation of names of people and places are best determined by asking the named person, or someone who lives in the named place. 
*Ask the author, director, or qualified representative how to pronounce product names, brand names, corporation names, or organization names.
*Research the pronunciation of technical terms, medical terms, legal terms, foreign-language terms, and other specific language using a reliable reference such as subject matter experts, native speakers, the author, or director.
*The pronunciation of many words can be checked using on-line references&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Announcing/Standard_Pronunciation&lt;/ref&gt;  such as the Merriam-Webster on-line dictionary,&lt;ref&gt;https://www.merriam-webster.com/ &lt;/ref&gt; or the ''For Voice-over''&lt;ref&gt;https://forvo.com/ &lt;/ref&gt; pronunciation dictionary.

Mark the copy using some form of [[w:Phonetic_transcription|phonetic transcription]], [[w:Pronunciation_respelling_for_English|pronunciation respelling for English]], alternative spelling, the [[w:International_Phonetic_Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet]], or some other prompt, cue, or notation that is helpful to you. 
=== Read the copy out loud ===
Practice reading the copy out-loud several times. Play with a variety of delivery approaches to find a tone, inflection, and emotion that best conveys a believable message. Speak to be understood. 
=== Mark the copy ===
As you read and re-read the copy out loud, begin to mark the copy to indicate:&lt;ref&gt;Ciccarelli 2013 Page 78&lt;/ref&gt;
*Where to pause or breath,
*The tone, inflection, and pacing,
*The volume of your voice,
*Pronunciation of difficult words, and
*Other dynamic elements contributing to the tone of your delivery.

Use any marking system that works for you. Some commonly used marks are listed in this table.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.linkedin.com/learning/voice-over-for-video-and-animation/marking-up-a-script&lt;/ref&gt;, &lt;ref&gt;http://www.peterdrewvo.com/html/analyze_the_copy_first.html &lt;/ref&gt; Add to this list, or modify it to suit your needs.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Mark !! Meaning
|-
| /|| Breath
|-
| // || Pause
|-
| /// || Long pause
|-
| Circled words || Check and mark pronunciation before performing
|-
| ↗ or ↑ or &lt; || Raise voice or pitch
|-
| ↘ or ↓ or &gt;  || Lower voice or pitch
|-
| UPPER CASE, or bold  || Raise Voice
|-
| Underline || Emphasize by raising or lowering your voice or pitch.
|-
| H or 😊 || Happy mood
|-
| E or  😄 || Excited mood
|-
| C or  😌 || Calm mood
|}
 
Study this [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Marked_copy_for_voice_acting.pdf example of marked up copy].

== Speaking ==
=== Dress for Success ===
Wear comfortable clothes that stay quiet as you move. Avoid jewelry, loose change or keys in your pockets, and other accessories that can make noise or cause distractions during your performance. Flat sneakers are more practical than high heels. Put your mobile devices aside so you will not be disturbed. 
=== Posture ===
Stand at the microphone with your feet shoulder width apart.  Keep your upper body upright, with your shoulders in line with your hips.&lt;ref&gt;[[b:Announcing/Five_Steps_to_Building_a_Better_Voice#Posture|Announcing/Five Steps to Building a Better Voice#Posture]] &lt;/ref&gt;  Imagine a string pulling the top of your head up as if you were a marionette. Attain a well-balanced [[w:Neutral_spine|neutral spine]] posture. Stay relaxed and don’t stand stiffly. 

Because emotion is the by-product of action,&lt;ref&gt;Long, Lecture 20&lt;/ref&gt;  it is important to be physical while you stand and deliver. Move your hands, wave your arms, use hand gestures, walk around, bend over, shake your head, make facial expressions, and don’t be afraid to overact as you speak. Only your engaged and expressive voice, and none of your thrashing about will be captured in the recording. 

To try this, deliver the phrase&lt;ref&gt;Alburger 2014 @ 79 of 465&lt;/ref&gt;  “You want me to do what?” first while seated and still, and then again while standing and fully animated. Use [[w:Body_language|body language]] and [[w:Facial_expression|facial expressions]] that convey how you feel about being asked to do something surprising, arduous, or outrageous. Listen to the difference in delivery.

=== Hydrate ===
[[w:Drinking|Hydrate]] before each performance. Drinking water at room temperature is best. A [[w:Spray_bottle|spray bottle]] of water can be used to irrigate your mouth during a performance. Episodes of [[w:Xerostomia|dry mouth]] can be relieved by using saliva stimulants such as dissolved [[w:Vitamin_C|vitamin C]], a [[w:Throat_lozenge|throat lozenge]], or a throat spray before the performance.

Swishing a small amount of olive oil can lubricate the mouth and reduce mouth noise.&lt;ref&gt;Alburger 2014 @ 49 of 465&lt;/ref&gt;

Eating [[w:Granny_Smith|Granny Smith apples]] may reduce mucus buildup in the mouth and help clear your throat.

=== Warmups ===
Use these warm-up exercises,&lt;ref&gt;Alburger 2014 @ 40 of 465&lt;/ref&gt;,&lt;ref&gt;[[b:Announcing/Voice_Exercises|Announcing/Voice Exercises]]&lt;/ref&gt;  to relax your mind, body, and voice before each recording session.
*Inhale a slow deep breath through your nose. Hold the breath for a few seconds, then slowly exhale through the mouth. It may be helpful to voice “ooooh”, “[[w:Om|om]]”, or “haaaaa” as you breathe out all the air and relax. Repeat this about 10 times. 
*Stand with your feet about shoulder width apart. Breath deeply. Stretch your hands over your head, reaching toward the ceiling. Bend forward at the waist, lower your arms toward the floor. Slowly straighten the body, returning to a standing position. Repeat this slowly a few times.
*Stand as above, let your arms hang limp at your side and shake them out.
*Scrunch up your face, closing your eyes and closing your lips tightly. Hold this tightly. Then make a big face, opening your mouth widely, opening your eyes widely. Hold this, then relax. Repeat this several times. 
*Inhale deeply and slowly, then release the air through your relaxed lips. They should flutter and make a sound like horse lips or lip trills . Repeat several times increasing the length of each repetition.
*Stick you tongue out as far as you can. Try to touch your tongue to your chin, then your nose, then your left ear, and finally your right ear. Repeat several times. 
*Yawn , vocalizing with a low pitch “haaaa” sound.
*Obtain a cork from a wine bottle. Hold it loosely in your teeth with about ¼ inch of the cork extending behind your teeth like a stubby cigar.  Inhale and exhale a few breaths with the cork in place. Read a few sentences of copy slowly and clearly. Ensure your pronunciation is accurate, clear, and complete. With the cork still in place, read the copy a few times. You may notice your mouth and tongue muscles getting tired. This is a result of exercising these muscles. Remove the cork and read the copy normally. You should notice improved clarity. The SpeechMaster pro is a device that may be more effective than a cork in this exercise. 
*The ''[[w:Pitch_(music)|pitch]]'' of your voice is the frequency or tone of the sound. You will naturally have some particular [[w:Vocal_range|''vocal range'']].  The highest female voices are in the [[w:Soprano|soprano]] range and the lowest male voices are in the [[w:Bass_(voice_type)|bass]] range. Begin this exercise with a deep inhale, then slowly release air making a “haaaa” sound like a slow siren beginning with the lowest tone in your range and then gradually increasing the pitch toward the highest tone in your range.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gki1OAvFBDc &lt;/ref&gt; After sweeping low to high, take another breath and sweep from high to low. Repeat several times. 
*Perform exercises chosen from this collection of [[Voice Acting/Enunciation Exercises|enunciation exercises]]. 
*Practice exercises chosen from this list of [[Voice Acting/Tongue Twisters|tongue twisters]]. For an additional challenge, practice the tongue twisters while holding a cork in your teeth, as described above. 

More exercises are demonstrated in “Mastering Stage Presence”, Lecture 13, Accessing the breath, available from [[w:The_Great_Courses|The Great Courses]], in the article “How to develop a ‘Radio Voice’”.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.wikihow.com/Develop-a-%22Radio-Voice%22 How to develop a ‘Radio Voice’”], WikiHow Article. &lt;/ref&gt;

=== Relax ===
A relaxed performance is a believable performance. “What is needed is to get into the flow of the copy, breath naturally, relax, have fun, and let the performance take you where it needs to go.”&lt;ref&gt;Alburger 2014 @ 16 of 465&lt;/ref&gt;

A few simple “yawn-sighs” at the start of your performance may be enough to relax you. If you are still tense, choose from [[Voice Acting/Relaxation Exercises|these relaxation exercises]] to relax before your performance.

=== Converse ===
The most important characteristic of your communication is that it be believable. Often a simple, natural conversational style is the most effective delivery approach. 

Don’t ''try'' to speak, simply speak. “The best voice actors do not sound like someone ‘doing’ voiceover. They sound like your best friend talking to you—comfortable, casual, friendly, and most of all, not ‘announcery.’”&lt;ref&gt;Alburger 2014 @ 18 of 465&lt;/ref&gt;

Express the message, don’t just read it. “As a voice actor, you will need to learn how to read out loud in a way that sounds like you are just talking to another person, as if you were having a casual conversation.”&lt;ref&gt;Alburger 2014 @ 64 of 465&lt;/ref&gt;

Explore a wide variety of delivery styles to search for the most effective delivery. This playful experimentation is called “character departure”.&lt;ref&gt;Alburger 2014 @ 66 of 465&lt;/ref&gt;  Try delivering each line faster, slower, louder, softer, higher pitched, lower pitched. Try a rising emphasis, a falling emphasis, with longer pauses, with shorter pauses, with no pauses, with pauses in different places.  Emphasize different words by increasing or decreasing their speed, volume, or pitch. Change up the rhythm. Modify the transitions. Vary your inflection when delivering lists. Mix up the phrasing, breathing, and intonation until the delivery captures the intent. 

It can be helpful to memorize the start of each phrase, so you can deliver part of it from memory. You are less likely to sound like you are reading if you aren’t reading. 
During your performance, choose one person to speak to. If you can have a person sit a few feet away, listen, and remain interested as you speak, this is ideal. Lacking that, choose some object in the room and imagine you best friend there, hanging on your every word. 
==== Assignment ====
#Read this article on [[b:Announcing/Reading_Copy|Reading Copy]].
#Carry out the exercise in that article.
#Relax and converse when you perform.

== Summary ==
Speak to be understood. [[Voice Acting/Relaxation Exercises|Relax]] and breath from your diaphragm without unwittingly holding your breath. Practice [[Voice Acting/Enunciation Exercises|elocution]], [[Voice Acting/Tongue Twisters|tongue-twisters]], and a wide range of inflections and emotions so you can speak clearly. Experiment and choose a tone to fit the message. Find your signature voice and use it comfortably. Practice, research, warm up, and relax so your delivery is clear and believable.

Study [[Voice Acting/Great Speeches|these great speeches]] to improve your voice acting skills.

Speak like you mean it.

==Recommended Reading==
Students wanting to learn more about voice acting may be interested in reading the following books:
*{{cite book |last=Alburger |first=James |date=July 19, 2014 |title=The Art of Voice Acting: The Craft and Business of Performing for Voiceover |publisher=Routledge |pages=492 |isbn=978-0415736978 }}
*{{cite book |last1=Ciccarelli |first1=David |last2=Ciccarelli |first2=Stephanie |date=January 29, 2013 |title=Voice Acting For Dummies |publisher=For Dummies |pages=384 |isbn=978-1118399583 }}
*[[b:Announcing|Announcing]]
== Notes ==
{{Reflist}}
==References==
*{{cite book |last=Alburger |first=James |date=July 19, 2014 |title=The Art of Voice Acting: The Craft and Business of Performing for Voiceover |publisher=Routledge |pages=492 |isbn=978-0415736978 }}
*{{cite book |last1=Ciccarelli |first1=David |last2=Ciccarelli |first2=Stephanie |date=January 29, 2013 |title=Voice Acting For Dummies |publisher=For Dummies |pages=384 |isbn=978-1118399583 }}
*Long, Melanie M. ''Mastering Stage Presence: How to Present to Any Audience'', available from [[w:The_Great_Courses|The Teaching Company]]

[[Category:Theatre]]
[[Category:Film]]
[[Category:Voice Acting]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
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      <text bytes="1137527" sha1="dnbe3m8t6n0oa5kqugz1vpaohptrkks" xml:space="preserve">== First Message Posting ==

Update Talk on Wikiversity [[User:Bnhassin|Bnhassin]] ([[User talk:Bnhassin|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Bnhassin|contribs]]) 21:04, 29 June 2019 (UTC)

== Update Sandbox User ==

==  Posting to sandbox == 

Update Sandbox on Wikiversity [[User:Bnhassin/sandbox]] ([[User talk:Bnhassin|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Bnhassin|contribs]])[[User:Bnhassin|Bnhassin]] ([[User talk:Bnhassin|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Bnhassin|contribs]]) 11:04, 25 October 2020 (UTC)

== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/50|Tech News: 2020-50]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2020-W50&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/50|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* You can now put pages on your watchlist for a limited period of time. Some wikis already had this function. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Tech/Watchlist_Expiry][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Watchlist_expiry]

'''Changes later this week'''
* Information from Wikidata that is used on a wiki page can be shown in recent changes and watchlists on a Wikimedia wiki. To see this you need to turn on showing Wikidata edits in your watchlist in the preferences. Changes to the Wikidata description in the language of a Wikimedia wiki will then be shown in recent changes and watchlists. This will not show edits to languages that are not relevant to your wiki. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikidata/2020-November/014402.html][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191831]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2020-12-08|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2020-12-09|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2020-12-10|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* You can vote on proposals in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021|Community Wishlist Survey]] between 8 December and 21 December. The survey decides what the [[m:Community Tech|Community Tech team]] will work on.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/50|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;section end=&quot;technews-2020-W50&quot;/&gt; 16:15, 7 December 2020 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/51|Tech News: 2020-51]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2020-W51&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/51|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* There is a [[mw:Wikipedia for KaiOS|Wikipedia app]] for [[:w:en:KaiOS|KaiOS]] phones. It was released in India in September. It can now be downloaded in other countries too. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2020/12/10/growing-wikipedias-reach-with-an-app-for-kaios-feature-phones/]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2020-12-15|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2020-12-16|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2020-12-17|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/51|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;section end=&quot;technews-2020-W51&quot;/&gt; 21:34, 14 December 2020 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/52|Tech News: 2020-52]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2020-W52&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/52|Translations]] are available.

'''Tech News'''
* Because of the [[w:en:Christmas and holiday season|holidays]] the next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 11 January 2021.

'''Recent changes'''
* The &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{citation needed}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; template shows when a statement in a Wikipedia article needs a source. If you click on it when you edit with the visual editor there is a popup that explains this. Now it can also show the reason and when it was added. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T270107]

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week or next week.

'''Future changes'''
* You can [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Geoinformation/Ideas|propose and discuss]] what technical improvements should be done for geographic information. This could be coordinates, maps or other related things.
* Some wikis use [[mw:Writing systems/LanguageConverter|LanguageConverter]] to switch between writing systems or variants of a language. This can only be done for the entire page. There will be a &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;langconvert&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; tag that can convert a piece of text on a page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263082]
*  Oversighters and stewards can hide entries in [[Special:AbuseLog|Special:AbuseLog]]. They can soon hide multiple entries at once using checkboxes. This works like hiding normal edits. It will happen in early January. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T260904]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/52|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;section end=&quot;technews-2020-W52&quot;/&gt; 20:54, 21 December 2020 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/02|Tech News: 2021-02]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2021-W02&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/02|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* You can choose to be reminded when you have not added an edit summary. This can be done in your preferences. This could conflict with the [[:w:en:CAPTCHA|CAPTCHA]]. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T12729]
* You can link to specific log entries. You can get these links for example by clicking the timestamps in the log. Until now, such links to private log entries showed no entry even if you had permission to view private log entries. The links now show the entry. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T269761]
* Admins can use the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|abuse filter tool]] to automatically prevent bad edits. Three changes happened last week:
** The filter editing interface now shows syntax errors while you type. This is similar to JavaScript pages. It also shows a warning for regular expressions that match the empty string. New warnings will be added later. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T187686]
** [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Meta:Oversighters|Oversighters]] can now hide multiple filter log entries at once using checkboxes on [[Special:AbuseLog]]. This is how the usual revision deletion works. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T260904]
** When a filter matches too many actions after it has been changed it is &quot;throttled&quot;. The most powerful actions are disabled. This is to avoid many editors getting blocked when an administrator made a mistake. The administrator will now get a notification about this &quot;throttle&quot;.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] There is a new tool to [https://skins.wmflabs.org/?#/add build new skins]. You can also [https://skins.wmflabs.org/?#/ see] existing [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Skins|skins]]. You can [[mw:User talk:Jdlrobson|give feedback]]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2020-December/094130.html]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Bots using the API no longer watch pages automatically based on account preferences. Setting the &lt;code&gt;watchlist&lt;/code&gt; to &lt;code&gt;watch&lt;/code&gt; will still work. This is to reduce the size of the watchlist data in the database. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T258108]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto's]] [[:mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#File metadata|file metadata]] now includes length. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T209679]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [[:w:en:CSS|CSS]] and [[:w:en:JavaScript|JavaScript]] code pages now have link anchors to [https://patchdemo.wmflabs.org/wikis/40e4795d4448b55a6d8c46ff414bcf78/w/index.php/MediaWiki:En.js#L-125 line numbers]. You can use wikilinks like [[:w:en:MediaWiki:Common.js#L-50]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T29531]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] There was a [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki last week. You can read [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.25/Changelog|a detailed log]] of all 763 changes. Most of them are very small and will not affect you.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-01-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-01-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-01-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/02|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;section end=&quot;technews-2021-W02&quot;/&gt; 15:42, 11 January 2021 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/03|Tech News: 2021-03]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2021-W03&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/03|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.27|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-01-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-01-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-01-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth|Growth team]] plans to add features to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Personalized first day/Newcomer tasks/Experiment analysis, November 2020|get more visitors to edit]] to more Wikipedias. You can help [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=ext-growthexperiments&amp;language=&amp;filter=&amp;action=translate translating the interface].
* You will be able to read but not to edit Wikimedia Commons for a short time on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210126T07 {{#time:j xg|2021-01-26|en}} at 07:00 (UTC)]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271791]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|MassMessage]] posts could be automatically timestamped in the future. This is because MassMessage senders can now send pages using MassMessage. Pages are more difficult to sign. If there are times when a MassMessage post should not be timestamped you can [[phab:T270435|let the developers know]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/03|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;section end=&quot;technews-2021-W03&quot;/&gt; 16:10, 18 January 2021 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/04|Tech News: 2021-04]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2021-W04&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/04|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* You will be able to read but not to edit Wikimedia Commons for a short time on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210126T07 {{#time:j xg|2021-01-26|en}} at 07:00 (UTC)]. You will not be able to read or edit [[:wikitech:Main Page|Wikitech]] for a short time on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210128T09 {{#time:j xg|2021-01-28|en}} at 09:00 (UTC)]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271791][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T272388]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Bracket Matching|Bracket matching]] will be added to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] syntax highlighter on the first wikis. The first wikis are German and Catalan Wikipedia and maybe other Wikimedia wikis. This will happen on 27 January. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T270238]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.28|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-01-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-01-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-01-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/04|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;section end=&quot;technews-2021-W04&quot;/&gt; 18:31, 25 January 2021 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/05|Tech News: 2021-05]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2021-W05&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/05|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* [[:w:en:IPv6|IPv6 addresses]] were written in lowercase letters in diffs. This caused dead links since [[Special:Contributions|Special:Contributions]] only accepted uppercase letters for the IPs. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T272225]

'''Changes later this week'''
* You can soon use Wikidata to link to pages on the multilingual Wikisource. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T138332]
* Often editors use a &quot;non-breaking space&quot; to make a gap between two items when reading but still show them together. This can be used to avoid a line break. You will now be able to add new ones via the special character tool in the 2010, 2017, and visual editors. The character will be shown in the visual editor as a space with a grey background. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T70429][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T96666]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=| Advanced item]] Wikis use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|abuse filters]] to stop bad edits being made. Filter maintainers can now use syntax like &lt;code&gt;1.2.3.4 - 1.2.3.55&lt;/code&gt; as well as the &lt;code&gt;1.2.3.4/27&lt;/code&gt; syntax for IP ranges. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T218074]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.29|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* [[mw:Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva]] is the skin Wikimedia wikis use for mobile traffic. When a page is protected and you can't edit it you can normally read the source wikicode. This doesn't work on Minerva on mobile devices. This is being fixed. Some text might overlap. This is because your community needs to update [[MediaWiki:Protectedpagetext|MediaWiki:Protectedpagetext]] to work on mobile. You can [[phab:T208827|read more]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Recommendations_for_mobile_friendly_articles_on_Wikimedia_wikis#Inline_styles_should_not_use_properties_that_impact_sizing_and_positioning][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Recommendations_for_mobile_friendly_articles_on_Wikimedia_wikis#Avoid_tables_for_anything_except_data]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [[:wikitech:Portal:Cloud VPS|Cloud VPS]] and [[:wikitech:Portal:Toolforge|Toolforge]] will change the IP address they use to contact the wikis. The new IP address will be &lt;code&gt;185.15.56.1&lt;/code&gt;. This will happen on February 8. You can [[:wikitech:News/CloudVPS NAT wikis|read more]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/05|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;section end=&quot;technews-2021-W05&quot;/&gt; 22:38, 1 February 2021 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/06|Tech News: 2021-06]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2021-W06&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/06|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps|Wikipedia app]] for Android now has watchlists and talk pages in the app. [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.wikipedia]

'''Changes later this week'''
* You can see edits to chosen pages on [[Special:Watchlist|Special:Watchlist]]. You can add pages to your watchlist on every wiki you like. The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|GlobalWatchlist]] extension will come to Meta on 11 February. There you can see entries on watched pages on different wikis on the same page. The new watchlist will be found on [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Special:GlobalWatchlist]] on Meta. You can choose which wikis to watch and other preferences on [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlistSettings|Special:GlobalWatchlistSettings]] on Meta. You can watch up to five wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T260862]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.30|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* When admins [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Protecting and unprotecting pages|protect]] pages the form will use the [[mw:UX standardization|OOUI look]]. [[Special:Import|Special:Import]] will also get the new look. This will make them easier to use on mobile phones. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T235424][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T108792]
* Some services will not work for a short period of time from 07:00 UTC on 17 February. There might be problems with new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|short links]], new translations, new notifications, adding new items to your [[mw:Reading/Reading Lists|reading lists]] or recording [[:w:en:Email#Tracking of sent mail|email bounces]]. This is because of database maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273758]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [[m:Tech/News/2021/05|Last week]] Tech News reported that the IP address [[:wikitech:Portal:Cloud VPS|Cloud VPS]] and [[:wikitech:Portal:Toolforge|Toolforge]] use to contact the wikis will change on 8 February. This is delayed. It will happen later instead. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/CloudVPS_NAT_wikis]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/06|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;section end=&quot;technews-2021-W06&quot;/&gt; 17:42, 8 February 2021 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=21082948 --&gt;

== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/07|Tech News: 2021-07]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2021-W07&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/07|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* There were problems with recent versions of MediaWiki.  Because the updates caused problems the developers rolled back to an earlier version. Some updates and new functions will come later than planned. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2021-February/094255.html][https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2021-February/094271.html]
* Some services will not work for a short period of time from 07:00 UTC on 17 February. There might be problems with new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|short links]], new translations, new notifications, adding new items to your [[mw:Reading/Reading Lists|reading lists]] or recording [[:w:en:Email#Tracking of sent mail|email bounces]]. This is because of database maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273758]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.31|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/07|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;section end=&quot;technews-2021-W07&quot;/&gt; 17:56, 15 February 2021 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=21105437 --&gt;

== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/08|Tech News: 2021-08]] ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/08|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The visual editor will now use [[:c:Commons:Structured data/Media search|MediaSearch]] to find images. You can search for images on Commons in the visual editor when you are looking for illustrations. This is to help editors find better images. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259896]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight|syntax highlighter]] now works with more languages: [[:w:en:Futhark (programming language)|Futhark]], [[:w:en:Graphviz|Graphviz]]/[[:w:en:DOT (graph description language)|DOT]], CDDL and AMDGPU. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T274741]

'''Problems'''
* Editing a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:EasyTimeline|timeline]] might have removed all text from it. This was because of a bug and has been fixed. You might need to edit the timeline again for it to show properly. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T274822]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.32|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] There is a [[:m:Wikimedia Rust developers user group|user group]] for developers and users interested in working on Wikimedia wikis with the [[:w:en:Rust (programming language)|Rust programming language]]. You can join or tell others who want to make your wiki better in the future.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/08|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;

----

00:17, 23 February 2021 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/09|Tech News: 2021-09]] ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/09|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
*  Wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Growth team tools]] can now show the name of a newcomer's mentor anywhere [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship/Integrating_mentorship|through a magic word]]. This can be used for welcome messages or userboxes.
* A new version of the [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:VideoCutTool|VideoCutTool]] is now available. It enables cropping, trimming, audio disabling, and rotating video content. It is being created as part of the developer outreach programs.

'''Problems'''
* There was a problem with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Job queue|job queue]]. This meant some functions did not save changes and mass messages were delayed. This did not affect wiki edits. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275437]
* Some editors may not be logged in to their accounts automatically in the latest versions of Firefox and Safari. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T226797]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.33|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/09|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;

----

19:08, 1 March 2021 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/10|Tech News: 2021-10]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2021-W10&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/10|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation|Section translation]] now works on Bengali Wikipedia. It helps mobile editors translate sections of articles. It will come to more wikis later. The first focus is active wikis with a smaller number of articles. You can [https://sx.wmflabs.org/index.php/Main_Page test it] and [[mw:Talk:Content translation/Section translation|leave feedback]].
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:FlaggedRevs|Flagged revisions]] now give admins the review right. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275293]
* When someone links to a Wikipedia article on Twitter this will now show a preview of the article. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T276185]

'''Problems'''
* Many graphs have [[:w:en:JavaScript|JavaScript]] errors. Graph editors can check their graphs in their browser's developer console after editing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275833]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.34|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* The [[mw:Talk pages project/New discussion|New Discussion]] tool will soon be a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DiscussionTools|discussion tools]] beta feature for on most Wikipedias. The goal is to make it easier to start new discussions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275257]

'''Future changes'''
* There will be a number of changes to make it easier to work with templates. Some will come to the first wikis in March. Other changes will come to the first wikis in June. This is both for those who use templates and those who create or maintain them. You can [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Templates|read more]].
* [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews|Reference Previews]] will become a default feature on some wikis on 17 March. They will share a setting with [[mw:Page Previews|Page Previews]]. If you prefer the Reference Tooltips or Navigation-Popups gadget you can keep using them. If so Reference Previews won't be shown. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271206][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews]
* New JavaScript-based functions will not work in [[:w:en:Internet Explorer 11|Internet Explorer 11]]. This is because Internet Explorer is an old browser that doesn't work with how JavaScript is written today. Everything that works in Internet Explorer 11 today will continue working in Internet Explorer for now. You can [[mw:Compatibility/IE11|read more]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/10|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;section end=&quot;technews-2021-W10&quot;/&gt; 17:51, 8 March 2021 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/11|Tech News: 2021-11]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2021-W11&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/11|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Wikis that are part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|desktop improvements]] project can now use a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Search|search function]]. The desktop improvements and the new search will come to more wikis later. You can also [[mw:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements#Deployment plan and timeline|test it early]].
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Editors who put up banners or change site-wide [[:w:en:JavaScript|JavaScript]] code should use the [https://grafana.wikimedia.org/d/000000566/overview?viewPanel=16&amp;orgId=1 client error graph] to see that their changes has not caused problems. You can [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2021/03/08/sailing-steady%e2%80%8a-%e2%80%8ahow-you-can-help-keep-wikimedia-sites-error-free read more]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T276296]

'''Problems'''
* Due to [[phab:T276968|database issues]] the [https://meta.wikimedia.beta.wmflabs.org Wikimedia Beta Cluster] was read-only for over a day.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.34|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* You can add a [[:w:en:Newline|newline]] or [[:w:en:Carriage return|carriage return]] character to a custom signature if you use a template. There is a proposal to not allow them in the future. This is because they can cause formatting problems. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/New_requirements_for_user_signatures#Additional_proposal_(2021)][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T272322]
* You will be able to read but not edit [[phab:T276899|12 wikis]] for a short period of time on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210323T06 {{#time:j xg|2021-03-23|en}} at 06:00 (UTC)]. This could take 30 minutes but will probably be much faster.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can use [https://quarry.wmflabs.org/ Quarry] for [[:w:en:SQL|SQL]] queries to the [[wikitech:Wiki replicas|Wiki Replicas]]. Cross-database &lt;code&gt;JOINS&lt;/code&gt; will no longer work from 23 March. There will be a new field to specify the database to connect to. If you think this affects you and you need help you can [[phab:T268498|post on Phabricator]] or on [[wikitech:Talk:News/Wiki Replicas 2020 Redesign|Wikitech]]. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/PAWS PAWS] and other ways to do [[:w:en:SQL|SQL]] queries to the Wiki Replicas will be affected later. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/Wiki_Replicas_2020_Redesign]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/11|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;section end=&quot;technews-2021-W11&quot;/&gt; 23:22, 15 March 2021 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/12|Tech News: 2021-12]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2021-W12&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/12|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* There is a [[mw:Wikipedia for KaiOS|Wikipedia app]] for [[:w:en:KaiOS|KaiOS]] phones. They don't have a touch screen so readers navigate with the phone keys. There is now a [https://wikimedia.github.io/wikipedia-kaios/sim.html simulator] so you can see what it looks like.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Replying|reply tool]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/New discussion|new discussion tool]] are now available as the &quot;{{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}&quot; [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] in almost all wikis except German Wikipedia.

'''Problems'''
* You will be able to read but not edit [[phab:T276899|twelve wikis]] for a short period of time on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210323T06 {{#time:j xg|2021-03-23|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}} at 06:00 (UTC)]. This can also affect password changes, logging in to new wikis, global renames and changing or confirming emails. This could take 30 minutes but will probably be much faster.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.36|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[:w:en:Syntax highlighting|Syntax highlighting]] colours will change to be easier to read. This will soon come to the [[phab:T276346|first wikis]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Improved_Color_Scheme_of_Syntax_Highlighting]

'''Future changes'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|Flagged revisions]] will no longer have multiple tags like &quot;tone&quot; or &quot;depth&quot;. It will also only have one tier. This was changed because very few wikis used these features and they make the tool difficult to maintain. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T185664][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T277883]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Gadgets and user scripts can access variables about the current page in JavaScript. In 2015 this was moved from &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;wg*&lt;/code&gt; to &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;mw.config&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;wg*&lt;/code&gt; will soon no longer work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T72470]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/12|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;section end=&quot;technews-2021-W12&quot;/&gt; 16:53, 22 March 2021 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=21244806 --&gt;

== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/13|Tech News: 2021-13]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/13|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Some very old [[:w:en:Web browser|web browsers]] [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Compatibility|don’t work]] well with the Wikimedia wikis. Some old code for browsers that used to be supported is being removed. This could cause issues in those browsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T277803]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [[:m:IRC/Channels#Raw_feeds|IRC recent changes feeds]] have been moved to a new server. Make sure all tools automatically reconnect to &lt;code&gt;irc.wikimedia.org&lt;/code&gt; and not to the name of any specific server. Users should also consider switching to the more modern [[:wikitech:Event Platform/EventStreams|EventStreams]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T224579]

'''Problems'''
* When you move a page that many editors have on their watchlist the history can be split. It might also not be possible to move it again for a while. This is because of a [[:w:en:Job queue|job queue]] problem. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T278350]
* Some translatable pages on Meta could not be edited. This was because of a bug in the translation tool. The new MediaWiki version was delayed because of problems like this. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T278429][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T274940]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.37|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-31|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-04-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/13|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;

17:30, 29 March 2021 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/14|Tech News: 2021-14]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/14|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Editors can collapse part of an article so you have to click on it to see it. When you click a link to a section inside collapsed content it will now expand to show the section. The browser will scroll down to the section. Previously such links didn't work unless you manually expanded the content first. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T276741]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid|citoid]] [[:w:en:API|API]] will use for example &lt;code&gt;2010-12-XX&lt;/code&gt; instead of &lt;code&gt;2010-12&lt;/code&gt; for dates with a month but no days. This is because &lt;code&gt;2010-12&lt;/code&gt; could be confused with &lt;code&gt;2010-2012&lt;/code&gt; instead of &lt;code&gt;December 2010&lt;/code&gt;. This is called level 1 instead of level 0 in the [https://www.loc.gov/standards/datetime/ Extended Date/Time Format]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T132308]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.38|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-04-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-04-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-04-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [[:wikitech:PAWS|PAWS]] can now connect to the new [[:wikitech:Wiki Replicas|Wiki Replicas]]. Cross-database &lt;code&gt;JOINS&lt;/code&gt; will no longer work from 28 April. There is [[:wikitech:News/Wiki Replicas 2020 Redesign#How should I connect to databases in PAWS?|a new way to connect]] to the databases. Until 28 April both ways to connect to the databases will work. If you think this affects you and you need help you can post [[phab:T268498|on Phabricator]] or on [[wikitech:Talk:News/Wiki Replicas 2020 Redesign|Wikitech]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/14|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;

19:41, 5 April 2021 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/16|Tech News: 2021-16]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/16|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Email to the Wikimedia wikis are handled by groups of Wikimedia editors. These volunteer response teams now use [https://github.com/znuny/Znuny Znuny] instead of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/OTRS|OTRS]]. The functions and interface remain the same. The volunteer administrators will give more details about the next steps soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T279303][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275294]
* If you use [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|syntax highlighting]], you can see line numbers in the 2010 and 2017 wikitext editors when editing templates. This is to make it easier to see line breaks or talk about specific lines. Line numbers will soon come to all namespaces. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267911][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Line_Numbering][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Line_Numbering]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Because of a technical change there could be problems with gadgets and scripts that have an edit summary area that looks [https://phab.wmfusercontent.org/file/data/llvdqqnb5zpsfzylbqcg/PHID-FILE-25vs4qowibmtysl7cbml/Screen_Shot_2021-04-06_at_2.34.04_PM.png similar to this one]. If they look strange they should use &lt;code&gt;mw.loader.using('mediawiki.action.edit.styles')&lt;/code&gt; to go back to how they looked before. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T278898]
* The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.1|latest version]] of MediaWiki came to the Wikimedia wikis last week. There was no Tech News issue last week.

'''Changes later this week'''
*  There is no new MediaWiki version this week.

'''Future changes'''
* The user group &lt;code&gt;oversight&lt;/code&gt; will be renamed &lt;code&gt;suppress&lt;/code&gt;. This is for [[phab:T109327|technical reasons]]. This is the technical name. It doesn't affect what you call the editors with this user right on your wiki. This is planned to happen in two weeks. You can comment [[phab:T112147|in Phabricator]] if you have objections.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/16|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;

16:48, 19 April 2021 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=21356080 --&gt;

== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/17|Tech News: 2021-17]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/17|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Templates have parameters that can have specific values. It is possible to suggest values for editors with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:TemplateData|TemplateData]]. You can soon see them as a drop-down list in the visual editor. This is to help template users find the right values faster. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273857][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Suggested_values_for_template_parameters][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Suggested_values_for_template_parameters]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-04-27|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-04-28|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-04-29|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/17|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;

21:24, 26 April 2021 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=21391118 --&gt;

== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/18|Tech News: 2021-18]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/18|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[w:en:Wikipedia:Twinkle|Twinkle]] is a gadget on English Wikipedia. It can help with maintenance and patrolling. It can [[m:Grants:Project/Rapid/SD0001/Twinkle localisation/Report|now be used on other wikis]]. You can get Twinkle on your wiki using the [https://github.com/wikimedia-gadgets/twinkle-starter twinkle-starter] GitHub repository.

'''Problems'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|content translation tool]] did not work for many articles for a little while. This was because of a bug. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T281346]
* Some things will not work for about a minute on 5 May. This will happen [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210505T0600 around 06:00 UTC]. This will affect the content translation tool and notifications among other things. This is because of an upgrade to avoid crashes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T281212]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] will become a default feature on a number of wikis on 5 May. This is later than planned because of some changes. You can use it without using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Page Previews|Page Previews]] if you want to. The earlier plan was to have the preference to use both or none. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271206][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The [[:w:en:CSS|CSS]] classes &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;.error&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;.warning&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;.success&lt;/code&gt; do not work for mobile readers if they have not been specifically defined on your wiki. From June they will not work for desktop readers. This can affect gadgets and templates. The classes can be defined in [[MediaWiki:Common.css]] or template styles instead. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T280766]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/18|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;

15:43, 3 May 2021 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=21418010 --&gt;

== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/19|Tech News: 2021-19]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/19|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* You can see what participants plan to work on at the online [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon 2021|Wikimedia hackathon]] 22–23 May.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/19|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;

15:10, 10 May 2021 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=21428676 --&gt;

== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/20|Tech News: 2021-20]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/20|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* There is a new toolbar in [[mw:Talk pages project/Replying|the Reply tool]]. It works in the wikitext source mode. You can enable it in [[Special:Preferences#mw-htmlform-discussion|your preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T276608] [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk_pages_project/Replying#13_May_2021] [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk_pages_project/New_discussion#13_May_2021]
* Wikimedia [https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo mailing lists] are being moved to [[:w:en:GNU Mailman|Mailman 3]]. This is a newer version. For the [[:w:en:Character encoding|character encoding]] to work it will change from &lt;code&gt;[[:w:en:UTF-8|UTF-8]]&lt;/code&gt; to &lt;code&gt;utf8mb3&lt;/code&gt;. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/IEYQ2HS3LZF2P3DAYMNZYQDGHWPVMTPY/][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T282621]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] An [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/14|earlier issue]] of Tech News said that the  [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid|citoid]] [[:w:en:API|API]] would handle dates with a month but no days in a new way. This has been reverted for now. There needs to be more discussion of how it affects different wikis first. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T132308]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] &lt;code&gt;MediaWiki:Pageimages-blacklist&lt;/code&gt; will be renamed &lt;code&gt;MediaWiki:Pageimages-denylist&lt;/code&gt;. The list can be copied to the new name. It will happen on 19 May for some wikis and 20 May for some wikis. Most wikis don't use it. It lists images that should never be used as thumbnails for articles. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T282626]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/20|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;

13:49, 17 May 2021 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=21464279 --&gt;

== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/21|Tech News: 2021-21]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/21|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The Wikimedia movement has been using [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/IRC|IRC]] on a network called [[:w:en:Freenode|Freenode]]. There have been changes around who is in control of the network. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IRC/Group_Contacts|Wikimedia IRC Group Contacts]] have [[m:Special:Diff/21476411|decided]] to move to the new [[:w:en:Libera Chat|Libera Chat]] network instead. This is not a formal decision for the movement to move all channels but most Wikimedia IRC channels will probably leave Freenode. There is a [[:m:IRC/Migrating_to_Libera_Chat|migration guide]] and ongoing Wikimedia [[m:Wikimedia Forum#Freenode (IRC)|discussions about this]].

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/21|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;

17:07, 24 May 2021 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/22|Tech News: 2021-22]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/22|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* There was an issue on the Vector skin with the text size of categories and notices under the page title. It was fixed last Monday. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T283206]

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/22|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;

17:05, 31 May 2021 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/23|Tech News: 2021-23]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/23|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-06-08|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-06-09|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-06-10|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* The Wikimedia movement uses [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Phabricator|Phabricator]] for technical tasks. This is where we collect technical suggestions, bugs and what developers are working on. The company behind Phabricator will stop working on it. This will not change anything for the Wikimedia movement now. It could lead to changes in the future. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/YAXOD46INJLAODYYIJUVQWOZFIV54VUI/][https://admin.phacility.com/phame/post/view/11/phacility_is_winding_down_operations/][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T283980]
* Searching on Wikipedia will find more results in some languages. This is mainly true for when those who search do not use the correct [[:w:en:Diacritic|diacritics]] because they are not seen as necessary in that language. For example searching for &lt;code&gt;Bedusz&lt;/code&gt; doesn't find &lt;code&gt;Będusz&lt;/code&gt; on German Wikipedia. The character &lt;code&gt;ę&lt;/code&gt; isn't used in German so many would write &lt;code&gt;e&lt;/code&gt; instead. This will work better in the future in some languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T219550]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The [[:w:en:Cross-site request forgery|CSRF token parameters]] in the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Main page|action API]] were changed in 2014. The old parameters from before 2014 will stop working soon. This can affect bots, gadgets and user scripts that still use the old parameters. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/IMP43BNCI32C524O5YCUWMQYP4WVBQ2B/][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T280806]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/23|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;

20:02, 7 June 2021 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/24|Tech News: 2021-24]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/24|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Logged-in users on the mobile web can choose to use the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Advanced mobile contributions|advanced mobile mode]]. They now see categories in a similar way as users on desktop do. This means that some gadgets that have just been for desktop users could work for users of the mobile site too. If your wiki has such gadgets you could decide to turn them on for the mobile site too. Some gadgets probably need to be fixed to look good on mobile. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T284763]
* Language links on Wikidata now works for [[:oldwikisource:Main Page|multilingual Wikisource]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275958]

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week.

'''Future changes'''
* In the future we [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|can't show the IP]] of unregistered editors to everyone. This is because privacy regulations and norms have changed. There is now a rough draft of how [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation#Updates|showing the IP to those who need to see it]] could work.
* German Wikipedia, English Wikivoyage and 29 smaller wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on 22 June. This is planned between 5:00 and 5:30 UTC. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T284530]
* All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes in the week of 28 June. More information will be published in Tech News later. It will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T281515][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T281209]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/24|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;

20:26, 14 June 2021 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=21587625 --&gt;

== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/25|Tech News: 2021-25]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/25|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The &lt;code&gt;otrs-member&lt;/code&gt; group name is now &lt;code&gt;vrt-permissions&lt;/code&gt;. This could affect abuse filters. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T280615]

'''Problems'''
* You will be able to read but not edit German Wikipedia, English Wikivoyage and 29 smaller wikis for a few minutes on 22 June. This is planned between [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210623T0500 5:00 and 5:30 UTC]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T284530]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.11|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-06-22|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-06-23|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-06-24|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/25|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;

15:49, 21 June 2021 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=21593987 --&gt;

== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/26|Tech News: 2021-26]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/26|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Wikis with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth|Growth features]] now can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure Growth features directly on their wiki]]. This uses the new special page &lt;code&gt;Special:EditGrowthConfig&lt;/code&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285423]
* Wikisources have a new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech/OCR Improvements|OCR tool]]. If you don't want to see the &quot;extract text&quot; button on Wikisource you can add &lt;code&gt;.ext-wikisource-ExtractTextWidget { display: none; }&lt;/code&gt; to your [[Special:MyPage/common.css|common.css page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285311]

'''Problems'''
*You will be able to read but not edit the Wikimedia wikis for a few minutes on 29 June. This is planned at [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210629T1400 14:00 UTC]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T281515][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T281209]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.12|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-06-29|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-06-30|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-07-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* &lt;code&gt;Threshold for stub link formatting&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;thumbnail size&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;auto-number headings&lt;/code&gt; can be set in preferences. They are expensive to maintain and few editors use them. The developers are planning to remove them. Removing them will make pages load faster. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/User:SKim (WMF)/Performance Dependent User Preferences|read more and give feedback]].
* A toolbar will be added to the [[mw:Talk pages project/Replying|Reply tool]]'s wikitext source mode. This will make it easier to link to pages and to ping other users. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T276609][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk_pages_project/Replying#Status_updates]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/26|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;

16:32, 28 June 2021 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/27|Tech News: 2021-27]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/27|Translations]] are available.

'''Tech News'''
* The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 19 July.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[:wikidata:Q4063270|AutoWikiBrowser]] is a tool to make repetitive tasks easier. It now uses [[:w:en:JSON|JSON]]. &lt;code&gt;Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser/CheckPage&lt;/code&gt; has moved to &lt;code&gt;Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser/CheckPageJSON&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser/Config&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;code&gt;Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser/CheckPage/Version&lt;/code&gt; has moved to &lt;code&gt;Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser/CheckPage/VersionJSON&lt;/code&gt;. The tool will eventually be configured on the wiki so that you don't have to wait until the new version to add templates or regular expression fixes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T241196]

'''Problems'''
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] helps saving online sources on some wikis. It adds them to [[:w:en:Wayback Machine|Wayback Machine]] and links to them there. This is so they don't disappear if the page that was linked to is removed. It currently has a problem with linking to the wrong date when it moves pages from &lt;code&gt;archive.is&lt;/code&gt; to &lt;code&gt;web.archive.org&lt;/code&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T283432]

'''Changes later this week'''
* The tool to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Finding and inserting templates|find, add and remove templates]] will be updated. This is to make it easier to find and use the right templates. It will come to the first wikis on 7 July. It will come to more wikis later this year. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Removing_a_template_from_a_page_using_the_VisualEditor][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T284553]
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week.

'''Future changes'''
* Some Wikimedia wikis use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Flagged Revisions|Flagged Revisions]] or pending changes. It hides edits from new and unregistered accounts for readers until they have been patrolled. The auto review action in Flagged Revisions will no longer be logged. All old logs of auto-review will be removed. This is because it creates a lot of logs that are not very useful. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285608]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/27|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;

17:33, 5 July 2021 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=21694636 --&gt;

== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/29|Tech News: 2021-29]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/29|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The tool to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Finding and inserting templates|find, add and remove templates]] was updated. This is to make it easier to find and use the right templates. It was supposed to come to the first wikis on 7 July. It was delayed to 12 July instead. It will come to more wikis later this year. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Removing_a_template_from_a_page_using_the_VisualEditor][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T284553]
* [[Special:UnconnectedPages|Special:UnconnectedPages]] lists pages that are not connected to Wikidata. This helps you find pages that can be connected to Wikidata items. Some pages should not be connected to Wikidata. You can use the magic word &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;__EXPECTED_UNCONNECTED_PAGE__&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; on pages that should not be listed on the special page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T97577]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-07-20|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-07-21|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-07-22|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] How media is structured in the [[:w:en:Parsing|parser's]] HTML output will soon change. This can affect bots, gadgets, user scripts and extensions. You can [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/L2UQJRHTFK5YG3IOZEC7JSLH2ZQNZRVU/ read more]. You can test it on [[:testwiki:Main Page|Testwiki]] or [[:test2wiki:Main Page|Testwiki 2]].
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The parameters for how you obtain [[mw:API:Tokens|tokens]] in the MediaWiki API were changed in 2014. The old way will no longer work from 1 September. Scripts, bots and tools that use the parameters from before the 2014 change need to be updated. You can [[phab:T280806#7215377|read more]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/29|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;

15:31, 19 July 2021 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=21755027 --&gt;

== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/30|Tech News: 2021-30]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/30|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* A [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.14|new version]] of MediaWiki came to the Wikimedia wikis the week before last week. This was not in Tech News because there was no newsletter that week. 

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-07-27|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-07-28|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-07-29|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* If you use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:MonoBook|Monobook skin]] you can choose to switch off [[:w:en:Responsive web design|responsive design]] on mobile. This will now work for more skins. If &lt;code&gt;{{int:monobook-responsive-label}}&lt;/code&gt; is unticked you need to also untick the new [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|preference]] &lt;code&gt;{{int:prefs-skin-responsive}}&lt;/code&gt;. Otherwise it will stop working. Interface admins can automate this process on your wiki. You can [[phab:T285991|read more]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/30|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;

21:11, 26 July 2021 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=21771634 --&gt;

== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/31|Tech News: 2021-31]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/31|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] If your wiki uses markup like &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; or &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; without the required &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;dir&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; attribute, then these will no longer work in 2 weeks. There is a short-term fix that can be added to your local wiki's Common.css page, which is explained at [[phab:T287701|T287701]]. From now on, all usages should include the full attributes, for example: &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; or &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-rtl&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; lang=&quot;he&quot;&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. This also applies to some other HTML tags, such as &lt;code&gt;span&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;code&lt;/code&gt;. You can find existing examples on your wiki that need to be updated, using the instructions at [[phab:T287701|T287701]].
* Reminder: Wikimedia has [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IRC/Migrating to Libera Chat|migrated to the Libera Chat IRC network]], from the old Freenode network. Local documentation should be updated.

'''Problems'''
* Last week, all wikis had slow access or no access for 30 minutes. There was a problem with generating dynamic lists of articles on the Russian Wikinews, due to the bulk import of 200,000+ new articles over 3 days, which led to database problems. The problematic feature has been disabled on that wiki and developers are discussing if it can be fixed properly. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287380][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incident_documentation/2021-07-26_ruwikinews_DynamicPageList]

'''Changes later this week'''
* When adding links to a page using [[mw:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] or the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017 wikitext editor|2017 wikitext editor]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Disambiguator|disambiguation pages]] will now only appear at the bottom of search results. This is because users do not often want to link to disambiguation pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285510]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-03|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-04|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-05|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* The [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android|team of the Wikipedia app for Android]] is working on communication in the app. The developers are working on how to talk to other editors and get notifications. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Communication|read more]]. They are looking for users who want to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Communication/UsertestingJuly2021|test the plans]]. Any editor who has an Android phone and is willing to download the app can do this.
* The [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature]] for {{int:discussiontools-preference-label}} will be updated in the coming weeks.  You will be able to [[mw:Talk pages project/Notifications|subscribe to individual sections]] on a talk page at more wikis.  You can test this now by adding &lt;code&gt;?dtenable=1&lt;/code&gt; to the end of the talk page's URL ([https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Meta_talk:Sandbox?dtenable=1 example]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/31|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;

20:47, 2 August 2021 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/32|Tech News: 2021-32]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/32|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* You can read but not edit 17 wikis for a few minutes on 10 August. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1628571650 05:00 UTC]. This is because of work on the database. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287449]

'''Changes later this week'''
* The [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2021:Hackathon|Wikimania Hackathon]] will take place remotely on 13 August, starting at 5:00 UTC, for 24 hours. You can participate in many ways. You can still propose projects and sessions.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-10|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-11|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-12|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The old CSS &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;visualClear&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; will not be supported after 12 August. Instead, templates and pages should use &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. Please help to replace any existing uses on your wiki. There are global-search links available at [[phab:T287962|T287962]].

'''Future changes'''
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is a place for Wikipedia editors to get access to sources. There is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:TheWikipediaLibrary|extension]] which has a new function to tell users when they can take part in it. It will use notifications. It will start pinging the first users in September. It will ping more users later. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T288070]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [[w:en:Vue.js|Vue.js]] will be the [[w:en:JavaScript|JavaScript]] framework for MediaWiki in the future. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/SOZREBYR36PUNFZXMIUBVAIOQI4N7PDU/]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/32|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;

16:21, 9 August 2021 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=21856726 --&gt;

== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/33|Tech News: 2021-33]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/33|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* You can add language links in the sidebar in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|new Vector skin]] again. You do this by connecting the page to a Wikidata item. The new Vector skin has moved the language links but the new language selector cannot add language links yet. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287206]

'''Problems'''
* There was a problem on wikis which use the Translate extension. Translations were not updated or were replaced with the English text. The problems have been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T288700][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T288683][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T288719]

'''Changes later this week'''
* A [[mw:Help:Tags|revision tag]] will soon be added to edits that add links to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Disambiguator|disambiguation pages]]. This is because these links are usually added by accident. The tag will allow editors to easily find the broken links and fix them. If your wiki does not like this feature, it can be [[mw:Help:Tags#Deleting a tag added by the software|hidden]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287549]
*Would you like to help improve the information about tools? Would you like to attend or help organize a small virtual meetup for your community to discuss the list of tools? Please get in touch on the [[m:Toolhub/The Quality Signal Sessions|Toolhub Quality Signal Sessions]] talk page. We are also looking for feedback [[m:Talk:Toolhub/The Quality Signal Sessions#Discussion topic for &quot;Quality Signal Sessions: The Tool Maintainers edition&quot;|from tool maintainers]] on some specific questions.
* In the past, edits to any page in your user talk space ignored your [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Notifications#mute|mute list]], e.g. sub-pages. Starting this week, this is only true for edits to your talk page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T288112]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-17|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-18|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-19|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/33|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;

19:27, 16 August 2021 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=21889213 --&gt;

== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/34|Tech News: 2021-34]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/34|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Score|Score]] extension (&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;score&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; notation) has been re-enabled on public wikis and upgraded to a newer version. Some musical score functionality may no longer work because the extension is only enabled in &quot;safe mode&quot;. The security issue has been fixed and an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Score/2021 security advisory|advisory published]].

'''Problems'''
* You will be able to read but not edit [[phab:T289130|some wikis]] for a few minutes on {{#time:j xg|2021-08-25|en}}. This will happen around [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1629871217 06:00 UTC]. This is for database maintenance. During this time, operations on the CentralAuth will also not be possible.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-24|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-25|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-26|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/34|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;

21:58, 23 August 2021 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=21923254 --&gt;

== Read-only reminder ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;MassMessage&quot;/&gt;
A maintenance operation will be performed on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1629871231 {{#time: l F d H:i e|2021-08-25T06:00|en}}]. It should only last for a few minutes.

This will affect your wiki as well as 11 other wikis. During this time, publishing edits will not be possible. 

Also during this time, operations on the CentralAuth will not be possible (GlobalRenames, changing/confirming e-mail addresses, logging into new wikis, password changes).

For more details about the operation and on all impacted services, please check [[phab:T289130|on Phabricator]].

A banner will be displayed 30 minutes before the operation.

Please help your community to be aware of this maintenance operation. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}&lt;section end=&quot;MassMessage&quot;/&gt;

20:35, 24 August 2021 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=21927201 --&gt;

== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/35|Tech News: 2021-35]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/35|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Some musical score syntax no longer works and may needed to be updated, you can check [[:Category:{{MediaWiki:score-error-category}}]] on your wiki for a list of pages with errors.

'''Problems'''
* Musical scores were unable to render lyrics in some languages because of missing fonts. This has been fixed now. If your language would prefer a different font, please file a request in Phabricator. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T289554]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The parameters for how you obtain [[mw:API:Tokens|tokens]] in the MediaWiki API were changed in 2014. The old way will no longer work from 1 September. Scripts, bots and tools that use the parameters from before the 2014 change need to be updated. You can [[phab:T280806#7215377|read more]] about this.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-31|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-09-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-09-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* You will be able to read but not edit [[phab:T289660|Commons]] for a few minutes on {{#time:j xg|2021-09-06|en}}. This will happen around [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1630818058 05:00 UTC]. This is for database maintenance.
* All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes in the week of 13 September. More information will be published in Tech News later. It will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287539]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/35|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;

16:01, 30 August 2021 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=21954810 --&gt;

== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/36|Tech News: 2021-36]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/36|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The wikis that have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature_summary|Growth features]] deployed have been part of A/B testing since deployment, in which some newcomers did not receive the new features. Now, all of the newcomers on 21 of the smallest of those wikis will be receiving the features. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T289786]

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week.

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] In 2017, the provided jQuery library was upgraded from version 1 to 3, with a compatibility layer. The migration will soon finish, to make the site load faster for everyone. If you maintain a gadget or user script, check if you have any JQMIGRATE errors and fix them, or they will break. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T280944][https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/6Z2BVLOBBEC2QP4VV4KOOVQVE52P3HOP/]
* Last year, the Portuguese Wikipedia community embarked on an experiment to make log-in compulsory for editing.  The [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Impact report for Login Required Experiment on Portuguese Wikipedia|impact report of this trial]] is ready. Moving forward, the Anti-Harassment Tools team is looking for projects that are willing to experiment with restricting IP editing on their wiki for a short-term experiment. [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Login Required Experiment|Learn more]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/36|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;

15:20, 6 September 2021 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=21981010 --&gt;

== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/37|Tech News: 2021-37]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/37|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* 45 new Wikipedias now have access to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Growth features]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T289680]
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Deployment table|A majority of Wikipedias]] now have access to the Growth features. The Growth team [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/FAQ|has published an FAQ page]] about the features. This translatable FAQ covers the description of the features, how to use them, how to change the configuration, and more.

'''Problems'''
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on 14 September. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1631628002 14:00 UTC]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287539]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-09-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-09-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-09-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Starting this week, Wikipedia in Italian will receive weekly software updates on Wednesdays. It used to receive the updates on Thursdays. Due to this change, bugs will be noticed and fixed sooner. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T286664]
* You can add language links in the sidebar in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|the new Vector skin]] again. You do this by connecting the page to a Wikidata item. The new Vector skin has moved the language links but the new language selector cannot add language links yet. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287206]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight|syntax highlight]] tool marks up code with different colours. It now can highlight 23 new code languages. Additionally, &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;golang&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; can now be used as an alias for the [[d:Q37227|Go programming language]], and a special &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;output&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; mode has been added to show a program's output. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T280117][https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/SyntaxHighlight_GeSHi/+/715277/]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/37|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;

15:35, 13 September 2021 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=22009517 --&gt;

== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/38|Tech News: 2021-38]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/38|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Growth features are now deployed to almost all Wikipedias. [[phab:T290582|For the majority of small Wikipedias]], the features are only available for experienced users, to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/FAQ#enable|test the features]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/FAQ#config|configure them]]. Features will be available for newcomers starting on 20 September 2021.
* MediaWiki had a feature that would highlight local links to short articles in a different style. Each user could pick the size at which &quot;stubs&quot; would be highlighted. This feature was very bad for performance, and following a consultation, has been removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T284917]
* A technical change was made to the MonoBook skin to allow for easier maintenance and upkeep. This has resulted in some minor changes to HTML that make MonoBook's HTML consistent with other skins. Efforts have been made to minimize the impact on editors, but please ping [[m:User:Jon (WMF)|Jon (WMF)]] on wiki or in [[phab:T290888|phabricator]] if any problems are reported.

'''Problems'''
* There was a problem with search last week. Many search requests did not work for 2 hours because of an accidental restart of the search servers. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incident_documentation/2021-09-13_cirrussearch_restart]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-09-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-09-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-09-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The [[s:Special:ApiHelp/query+proofreadinfo|meta=proofreadpage API]] has changed. The &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;piprop&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; parameter has been renamed to &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;prpiprop&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. API users should update their code to avoid unrecognized parameter warnings. Pywikibot users should upgrade to 6.6.0. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290585]

'''Future changes'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Replying|Reply tool]] will be deployed to the remaining wikis in the coming weeks.  It is currently part of &quot;{{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}&quot; in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta features]] at most wikis. You will be able to turn it off in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|Editing Preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262331]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki_1.37/Deprecation_of_legacy_API_token_parameters|previously announced]] change to how you obtain tokens from the API has been delayed to September 21 because of an incompatibility with Pywikibot. Bot operators using Pywikibot can follow [[phab:T291202|T291202]] for progress on a fix, and should plan to upgrade to 6.6.1 when it is released.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/38|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;

18:32, 20 September 2021 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/39|Tech News: 2021-39]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2021-W39&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/39|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[w:en:IOS|iOS 15]] has a new function called [https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT212614 Private Relay] (Apple website). This can hide the user's IP when they use [[w:en:Safari (software)|Safari]] browser. This is like using a [[w:en:Virtual private network|VPN]] in that we see another IP address instead. It is opt-in and only for those who pay extra for [[w:en:ICloud|iCloud]]. It will come to Safari users on [[:w:en:OSX|OSX]] later. There is a [[phab:T289795|technical discussion]] about what this means for the Wikimedia wikis.

'''Problems'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Some gadgets and user-scripts add items to the [[m:Customization:Explaining_skins#Portlets|portlets]] (article tools) part of the skin. A recent change to the HTML may have made those links a different font-size. This can be fixed by adding the CSS class &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;.vector-menu-dropdown-noicon&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T291438]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-09-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-09-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-09-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Onboarding_new_Wikipedians#New_experience|GettingStarted extension]] was built in 2013, and provides an onboarding process for new account holders in a few versions of Wikipedia. However, the recently developed [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature_summary|Growth features]] provide a better onboarding experience. Since the vast majority of Wikipedias now have access to the Growth features, GettingStarted will be deactivated starting on 4 October. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T235752]
* A small number of users will not be able to connect to the Wikimedia wikis after 30 September. This is because an old [[:w:en:root certificate|root certificate]] will no longer work. They will also have problems with many other websites. Users who have updated their software in the last five years are unlikely to have problems. Users in Europe, Africa and Asia are less likely to have immediate problems even if their software is too old. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/HTTPS/2021 Let's Encrypt root expiry|read more]].
* You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Notifications|receive notifications]] when someone leaves a comment on user talk page or mentions you in a talk page comment. Clicking the notification link will now bring you to the comment and highlight it. Previously, doing so brought you to the top of the section that contained the comment. You can find [[phab:T282029|more information in T282029.]]

'''Future changes'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Replying|Reply tool]] will be deployed to the remaining wikis in the coming weeks. It is currently part of &quot;{{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}&quot; in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta features]] at most wikis. You will be able to turn it off in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|Editing Preferences]]. [[phab:T288485|See the list of wikis.]] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262331]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/39|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2021-W39&quot;/&gt;

22:23, 27 September 2021 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/40|Tech News: 2021-40]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/40|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* A more efficient way of sending changes from Wikidata to Wikimedia wikis that show them has been enabled for the following 10 wikis: mediawiki.org, the Italian, Catalan, Hebrew and Vietnamese Wikipedias, French Wikisource, and English Wikivoygage, Wikibooks, Wiktionary and Wikinews. If you notice anything strange about how changes from Wikidata appear in recent changes or your watchlist on those wikis you can [[phab:T48643|let the developers know]].

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-05|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-06|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-07|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Some gadgets and bots that use the API to read the AbuseFilter log might break. The &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;hidden&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; property will no longer say an entry is &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;implicit&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; for unsuppressed log entries about suppressed edits. If your bot needs to know this, do a separate revision query. Additionally, the property will have the value &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;false&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; for visible entries; previously, it wasn't included in the response. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T291718]
* A more efficient way of sending changes from Wikidata to Wikimedia wikis that show them will be enabled for ''all production wikis''. If you notice anything strange about how changes from Wikidata appear in recent changes or your watchlist you can [[phab:T48643|let the developers know]].

'''Future changes'''
* You can soon get cross-wiki notifications in the [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS|iOS Wikipedia app]]. You can also get notifications as push notifications. More notification updates will follow in later versions. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/iOS/Notifications#September_2021_update]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The JavaScript variables &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;wgExtraSignatureNamespaces&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;wgLegalTitleChars&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;wgIllegalFileChars&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; will soon be removed from &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Interface/JavaScript#mw.config|mw.config]]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. These are not part of the &quot;stable&quot; variables available for use in wiki JavaScript. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T292011] 
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The JavaScript variables &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;wgCookiePrefix&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;wgCookieDomain&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;wgCookiePath&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;wgCookieExpiration&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; will soon be removed from mw.config. Scripts should instead use &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mw.cookie&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; from the &quot;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[mw:ResourceLoader/Core_modules#mediawiki.cookie|mediawiki.cookie]]&lt;/bdi&gt;&quot; module. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T291760]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/40|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;

16:32, 4 October 2021 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/41|Tech News: 2021-41]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2021-W41&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/41|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]).

* The [[mw:Manual:Table_of_contents#Auto-numbering|&quot;auto-number headings&quot; preference]] is being removed. You can read [[phab:T284921]] for the reasons and discussion. This change was [[m:Tech/News/2021/26|previously]] announced. [[mw:Snippets/Auto-number_headings|A JavaScript snippet]] is available which can be used to create a Gadget on wikis that still want to support auto-numbering.

'''Meetings'''
* You can join a meeting about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Desktop Improvements]]. A demonstration version of the [[mw:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Sticky Header|newest feature]] will be shown. The event will take place on Tuesday, 12 October at 16:00 UTC. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/Talk to Web/12-10-2021|See how to join]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/41|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2021-W41&quot;/&gt;

15:30, 11 October 2021 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/42|Tech News: 2021-42]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2021-W42&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/42|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
*[[m:Toolhub|Toolhub]] is a catalogue to make it easier to find software tools that can be used for working on the Wikimedia projects. You can [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LF4SSR4QRCKV6NPRFGUAQWUFQISVIPTS/ read more].

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* The developers of the [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android|Wikipedia Android app]] are working on [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Communication|communication in the app]]. You can now answer questions in [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Communication/UsertestingOctober2021|survey]] to help the development.
* 3–5% of editors may be blocked in the next few months. This is because of a new service in Safari, which is similar to a [[w:en:Proxy server|proxy]] or a [[w:en:VPN|VPN]]. It is called iCloud Private Relay. There is a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Apple iCloud Private Relay|discussion about this]] on Meta. The goal is to learn what iCloud Private Relay could mean for the communities.
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] is a new [[w:en:API|API]] for those who use a lot of information from the Wikimedia projects on other sites. It is a way to get big commercial users to pay for the data. There will soon be a copy of the Wikimedia Enterprise dataset. You can [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-ambassadors@lists.wikimedia.org/message/B2AX6PWH5MBKB4L63NFZY3ADBQG7MSBA/ read more]. You can also ask the team questions [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/88994018553 on Zoom] on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=15&amp;min=00&amp;sec=0&amp;day=22&amp;month=10&amp;year=2021 22 October 15:00 UTC].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/42|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2021-W42&quot;/&gt;

20:53, 18 October 2021 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/43|Tech News: 2021-43]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2021-W43&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/43|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest_Tool_Award|Coolest Tool Award 2021]] is looking for nominations. You can recommend tools until 27 October.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
*[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Diff|Diff pages]] will have an improved copy and pasting experience. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Copy paste diffs|The changes]] will allow the text in the diff for before and after to be treated as separate columns and will remove any unwanted syntax. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T192526]
* The version of the [[w:en:Liberation fonts|Liberation fonts]] used in SVG files will be upgraded. Only new thumbnails will be affected. Liberation Sans Narrow will not change. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T253600]

'''Meetings'''
* You can join a meeting about the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]]. News about the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Warn when linking to disambiguation pages|disambiguation]] and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Real Time Preview for Wikitext|real-time preview]] wishes will be shown. The event will take place on Wednesday, 27 October at 14:30 UTC. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates/Talk to Us|See how to join]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/43|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2021-W43&quot;/&gt;

20:08, 25 October 2021 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/44|Tech News: 2021-44]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2021-W44&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/44|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* There is a limit on the amount of emails a user can send each day. This limit is now global instead of per-wiki. This change is to prevent abuse. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T293866]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-11-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-11-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-11-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/44|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2021-W44&quot;/&gt;

20:28, 1 November 2021 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=22269406 --&gt;

== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/45|Tech News: 2021-45]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2021-W45&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/45|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Mobile IP editors are now able to receive warning notices indicating they have a talk page message on the mobile website (similar to the orange banners available on desktop). These notices will be displayed on every page outside of the main namespace and every time the user attempts to edit. The notice on desktop now has a slightly different colour. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T284642][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T278105]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[phab:T294321|Wikidata will be read-only]] for a few minutes on 11 November. This will happen around [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1636610400 06:00 UTC]. This is for database maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T294321]
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week.

'''Future changes'''
* In the future, unregistered editors will be given an identity that is not their [[:w:en:IP address|IP address]]. This is for legal reasons. A new user right will let editors who need to know the IPs of unregistered accounts to fight vandalism, spam, and harassment, see the IP. You can read the [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation#IP Masking Implementation Approaches (FAQ)|suggestions for how that identity could work]] and [[m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|discuss on the talk page]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/45|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2021-W45&quot;/&gt;

20:36, 8 November 2021 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/46|Tech News: 2021-46]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2021-W46&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/46|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Most [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Maximum_file_size#MAXTHUMB|large file uploads]] errors that had messages like &quot;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;stashfailed&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;&quot; or &quot;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;DBQueryError&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;&quot; have now been fixed. An [[wikitech:Incident documentation/2021-11-04 large file upload timeouts|incident report]] is available.

'''Problems'''
* Sometimes, edits made on iOS using the visual editor save groups of numbers as telephone number links, because of a feature in the operating system. This problem is under investigation. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T116525]
* There was a problem with search last week. Many search requests did not work for 2 hours because of a configuration error. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incident_documentation/2021-11-10_cirrussearch_commonsfile_outage]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-11-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-11-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-11-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/46|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2021-W46&quot;/&gt;

22:06, 15 November 2021 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/47|Tech News: 2021-47]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2021-W47&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/47|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week.
*The template dialog in VisualEditor and in the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|new wikitext mode]] Beta feature will be [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/VisualEditor template dialog improvements|heavily improved]] on [[phab:T286992|a few wikis]]. Your [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/VisualEditor template dialog improvements|feedback is welcome]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/47|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2021-W47&quot;/&gt;

20:02, 22 November 2021 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/48|Tech News: 2021-48]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2021-W48&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/48|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.11|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-11-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-12-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-12-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/48|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2021-W48&quot;/&gt;

21:15, 29 November 2021 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/49|Tech News: 2021-49]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2021-W49&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/49|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* MediaWiki 1.38-wmf.11 was scheduled to be deployed on some wikis last week. The deployment was delayed because of unexpected problems.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.12|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-12-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-12-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-12-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* At all Wikipedias, a Mentor Dashboard is now available at &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;Special:MentorDashboard&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. It allows registered mentors, who take care of newcomers' first steps, to monitor their assigned newcomers' activity. It is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Growth features]]. You can learn more about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Communities/How_to_configure_the_mentors%27_list|activating the mentor list]] on your wiki and about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Mentor dashboard|the mentor dashboard project]].
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The predecessor to the current [[mw:API|MediaWiki Action API]] (which was created in 2008), &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;action=ajax&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, will be removed this week. Any scripts or bots using it will need to switch to the corresponding API module. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T42786]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] An old ResourceLoader module, &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;jquery.jStorage&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, which was deprecated in 2016, will be removed this week. Any scripts or bots using it will need to switch to &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;mediawiki.storage&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; instead. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T143034]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/49|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2021-W49&quot;/&gt;

21:59, 6 December 2021 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/50|Tech News: 2021-50]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2021-W50&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/50|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* There are now default [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Namespace#Other_namespace_aliases|short aliases]] for the &quot;Project:&quot; namespace on most wikis. E.g. On Wikibooks wikis, &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[WB:]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; will go to the local language default for the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Project:]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; namespace. This change is intended to help the smaller communities have easy access to this feature. Additional local aliases can still be requested via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|the usual process]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T293839]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-12-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-12-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-12-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/50|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2021-W50&quot;/&gt;

22:27, 13 December 2021 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/51|Tech News: 2021-51]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2021-W51&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/51|Translations]] are available.

'''Tech News'''
* Because of the [[w:en:Christmas and holiday season|holidays]] the next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 10 January 2022.

'''Recent changes'''
* Queries made by the DynamicPageList extension (&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;DynamicPageList&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;) are now only allowed to run for 10 seconds and error if they take longer. This is in response to multiple outages where long-running queries caused an outage on all wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287380#7575719]

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week or next week.

'''Future changes'''
* The developers of the Wikipedia iOS app are looking for testers who edit in multiple languages. You can [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/202112 testing|read more and let them know if you are interested]].
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The Wikimedia [[wikitech:Portal:Cloud VPS|Cloud VPS]] hosts technical projects for the Wikimedia movement. Developers need to [[wikitech:News/Cloud VPS 2021 Purge|claim projects]] they use. This is because old and unused projects are removed once a year. Unclaimed projects can be shut down from February. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/2B7KYL5VLQNHGQQHMYLW7KTUKXKAYY3T/]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/51|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2021-W51&quot;/&gt;

22:05, 20 December 2021 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/02|Tech News: 2022-02]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W02&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/02|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] A &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;oauth_consumer&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; variable has been added to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] to enable identifying changes made by specific tools. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298281]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Gadgets are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ResourceLoader/Migration_guide_(users)#Package_Gadgets|now able to directly include JSON pages]]. This means some gadgets can now be configured by administrators without needing the interface administrator permission, such as with the Geonotice gadget. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T198758]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Gadgets [[mw:Extension:Gadgets#Options|can now specify page actions]] on which they are available. For example, &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;|actions=edit,history&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; will load a gadget only while editing and on history pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T63007]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Gadgets can now be loaded on demand with the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;withgadget&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; URL parameter. This can be used to replace [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Snippets/Load JS and CSS by URL|an earlier snippet]] that typically looks like &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;withJS&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; or &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;withCSS&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T29766]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] At wikis where [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Communities/How to configure the mentors' list|the Mentorship system is configured]], you can now use the Action API to get a list of a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Mentor_dashboard|mentor's]] mentees. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T291966]
* The heading on the main page can now be configured using &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[MediaWiki:Mainpage-title-loggedin]]&lt;/span&gt; for logged-in users and &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[MediaWiki:Mainpage-title]]&lt;/span&gt; for logged-out users. Any CSS that was previously used to hide the heading should be removed. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Small_wiki_toolkits/Starter_kit/Main_page_customization#hide-heading] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298715]
* Four special pages (and their API counterparts) now have a maximum database query execution time of 30 seconds. These special pages are: RecentChanges, Watchlist, Contributions, and Log. This change will help with site performance and stability. You can read [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/IPJNO75HYAQWIGTHI5LJHTDVLVOC4LJP/ more details about this change] including some possible solutions if this affects your workflows. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T297708]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Sticky Header|sticky header]] has been deployed for 50% of logged-in users on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Frequently asked questions#pilot-wikis|more than 10 wikis]]. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Desktop Improvements]]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Participate|how to take part in the project]]. 

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-01-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-01-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-01-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Events'''
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022|Community Wishlist Survey 2022]] begins. All contributors to the Wikimedia projects can propose for tools and platform improvements. The proposal phase takes place from {{#time:j xg|2022-01-10|en}} 18:00 UTC to {{#time:j xg|2022-01-23|en}} 18:00 UTC. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey/FAQ|Learn more]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/02|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W02&quot;/&gt;

01:23, 11 January 2022 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/03|Tech News: 2022-03]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W03&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/03|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* When using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:WikiEditor|WikiEditor]] (also known as the 2010 wikitext editor), people will now see a warning if they link to disambiguation pages.  If you click &quot;{{int:Disambiguator-review-link}}&quot; in the warning, it will ask you to correct the link to a more specific term. You can [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Warn when linking to disambiguation pages#Jan 12, 2021: Turning on the changes for all Wikis|read more information]] about this completed 2021 Community Wishlist item.
* You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#subscribe|automatically subscribe to all of the talk page discussions]] that you start or comment in using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|DiscussionTools]].  You will receive [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications|notifications]] when another editor replies.  This is available at most wikis.  Go to your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|Preferences]] and turn on &quot;{{int:discussiontools-preference-autotopicsub}}&quot;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263819]
* When asked to create a new page or talk page section, input fields can be [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Creating_pages_with_preloaded_text|&quot;preloaded&quot; with some text]]. This feature is now limited to wikitext pages. This is so users can't be tricked into making malicious edits. There is a discussion about [[phab:T297725|if this feature should be re-enabled]] for some content types.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-01-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-01-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-01-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Events'''
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022|Community Wishlist Survey 2022]] continues. All contributors to the Wikimedia projects can propose for tools and platform improvements. The proposal phase takes place from {{#time:j xg|2022-01-10|en}} 18:00 UTC to {{#time:j xg|2022-01-23|en}} 18:00 UTC. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey/FAQ|Learn more]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/03|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W03&quot;/&gt;

19:55, 17 January 2022 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/04|Tech News: 2022-04]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W04&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/04|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-01-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-01-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-01-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* The following languages can now be used with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight|syntax highlighting]]: BDD, Elpi, LilyPond, Maxima, Rita, Savi, Sed, Sophia, Spice, .SRCINFO.
* You can now access your watchlist from outside of the user menu in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|new Vector skin]]. The watchlist link appears next to the notification icons if you are at the top of the page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T289619]

'''Events'''
* You can see the results of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Coolest Tool Award 2021]] and learn more about 14 tools which were selected this year.
* You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey/Help_us|translate, promote]], or comment on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Proposals|the proposals]] in the Community Wishlist Survey. Voting will begin on {{#time:j xg|2022-01-28|en}}.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/04|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W04&quot;/&gt;

21:38, 24 January 2022 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/05|Tech News: 2022-05]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W05&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/05|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] If a gadget should support the new &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;?withgadget&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; URL parameter that was [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/02|announced]] 3 weeks ago, then it must now also specify &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;supportsUrlLoad&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; in the gadget definition ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#supportsUrlLoad|documentation]]). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T29766]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-01|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-02|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-03|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* A change that was [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/16|announced]] last year was delayed. It is now ready to move ahead:
** The user group &lt;code&gt;oversight&lt;/code&gt; will be renamed &lt;code&gt;suppress&lt;/code&gt;. This is for [[phab:T109327|technical reasons]]. This is the technical name. It doesn't affect what you call the editors with this user right on your wiki. This is planned to happen in three weeks. You can comment [[phab:T112147|in Phabricator]] if you have objections. As usual, these labels can be translated on translatewiki ([[phab:T112147|direct links are available]]) or by administrators on your wiki.

'''Events'''
* You can vote on proposals in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022|Community Wishlist Survey]] between 28 January and 11 February. The survey decides what the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech team]] will work on.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/05|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W05&quot;/&gt;

17:42, 31 January 2022 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/06|Tech News: 2022-06]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W06&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/06|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* English Wikipedia recently set up a gadget for dark mode. You can enable it there, or request help from an [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface administrator]] to set it up on your wiki ([[w:en:Wikipedia:Dark mode (gadget)|instructions and screenshot]]).
* Category counts are sometimes wrong. They will now be completely recounted at the beginning of every month. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T299823]

'''Problems'''
* A code-change last week to fix a bug with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Live preview|Live Preview]] may have caused problems with some local gadgets and user-scripts. Any code with skin-specific behaviour for &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;vector&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; should be updated to also check for &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;vector-2022&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. [[phab:T300987|A code-snippet, global search, and example are available]].

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-08|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-09|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-10|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/06|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W06&quot;/&gt;

21:15, 7 February 2022 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=22765948 --&gt;

== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/07|Tech News: 2022-07]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W07&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/07|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Purge|Purging]] a category page with fewer than 5,000 members will now recount it completely. This will allow editors to fix incorrect counts when it is wrong. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T85696]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-15|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-16|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-17|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] In the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] extension, the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;rmspecials()&lt;/code&gt; function has been updated so that it does not remove the &quot;space&quot; character. Wikis are advised to wrap all the uses of &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;rmspecials()&lt;/code&gt; with &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;rmwhitespace()&lt;/code&gt; wherever necessary to keep filters' behavior unchanged. You can use the search function on [[Special:AbuseFilter]] to locate its usage. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263024]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/07|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W07&quot;/&gt;

19:18, 14 February 2022 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/08|Tech News: 2022-08]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W08&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/08|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[Special:Nuke|Special:Nuke]] will now provide the standard deletion reasons (editable at &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[MediaWiki:Deletereason-dropdown]]&lt;/bdi&gt;) to use when mass-deleting pages. This was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Admins and patrollers/Mass-delete to offer drop-down of standard reasons, or templated reasons.|a request in the 2022 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T25020]
* At Wikipedias, all new accounts now get the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature_summary|Growth features]] by default when creating an account. Communities are encouraged to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Account_creation|update their help resources]]. Previously, only 80% of new accounts would get the Growth features. A few Wikipedias remain unaffected by this change. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T301820]
* You can now prevent specific images that are used in a page from appearing in other locations, such as within PagePreviews or Search results. This is done with the markup &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;class=notpageimage&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. For example, &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[File:Example.png|class=notpageimage]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T301588]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] There has been a change to the HTML of Special:Contributions, Special:MergeHistory, and History pages, to support the grouping of changes by date in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva_Neue|the mobile skin]]. While unlikely, this may affect gadgets and user scripts. A [[phab:T298638|list of all the HTML changes]] is on Phabricator.

'''Events'''
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Results|Community Wishlist Survey results]] have been published. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates/2022 results#leaderboard|ranking of prioritized proposals]] is also available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-22|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-23|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-24|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* The software to play videos and audio files on pages will change soon on all wikis. The old player will be removed. Some audio players will become wider after this change. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:TimedMediaHandler/VideoJS_Player|The new player]] has been a beta feature for over four years. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100106][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248418]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Toolforge's underlying operating system is being updated. If you maintain any tools there, there are two options for migrating your tools into the new system.  There are [[wikitech:News/Toolforge Stretch deprecation|details, deadlines, and instructions]] on Wikitech. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EPJFISC52T7OOEFH5YYMZNL57O4VGSPR/]
* Administrators will soon have [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/(Un)delete associated talk page|the option to delete/undelete]] the associated &quot;talk&quot; page when they are deleting a given page. An API endpoint with this option will also be available. This was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Admins and patrollers/(Un)delete associated talk page|a request from the 2021 Wishlist Survey]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/08|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W08&quot;/&gt;

19:12, 21 February 2022 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/09|Tech News: 2022-09]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W09&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/09|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* When searching for edits by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Tags|change tags]], e.g. in page history or user contributions, there is now a dropdown list of possible tags. This was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Miscellaneous/Improve plain-text change tag selector|a request in the 2022 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T27909]
* Mentors using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Mentor_dashboard|Growth Mentor dashboard]] will now see newcomers assigned to them who have made at least one edit, up to 200 edits. Previously, all newcomers assigned to the mentor were visible on the dashboard, even ones without any edit or ones who made hundred of edits. Mentors can still change these values using the filters on their dashboard. Also, the last choice of filters will now be saved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T301268][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T294460]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The user group &lt;code&gt;oversight&lt;/code&gt; was renamed &lt;code&gt;suppress&lt;/code&gt;. This is for [[phab:T109327|technical reasons]]. You may need to update any local references to the old name, e.g. gadgets, links to Special:Listusers, or uses of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic_words|NUMBERINGROUP]].

'''Problems'''
* The recent change to the HTML of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Tracking changes|tracking changes]] pages caused some problems for screenreaders. This is being fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298638]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.24|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-01|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-02|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-03|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* Working with templates will become easier. [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Templates|Several improvements]] are planned for March 9 on most wikis and on March 16 on English Wikipedia. The improvements include: Bracket matching, syntax highlighting colors, finding and inserting templates, and related visual editor features.
* If you are a template developer or an interface administrator, and you are intentionally overriding or using the default CSS styles of user feedback boxes (the classes: &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;successbox, messagebox, errorbox, warningbox&lt;/code&gt;), please note that these classes and associated CSS will soon be removed from MediaWiki core. This is to prevent problems when the same class-names are also used on a wiki. Please let us know by commenting at [[phab:T300314]] if you think you might be affected.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/09|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W09&quot;/&gt;

22:59, 28 February 2022 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/10|Tech News: 2022-10]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W10&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/10|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* There was a problem with some interface labels last week. It will be fixed this week. This change was part of ongoing work to simplify the support for skins which do not have active maintainers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T301203]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-08|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-09|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-10|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/10|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W10&quot;/&gt;

21:16, 7 March 2022 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/11|Tech News: 2022-11]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W11&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/11|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* In the Wikipedia Android app [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Android/Communication#Updates|it is now possible]] to change the toolbar at the bottom so the tools you use more often are easier to click on. The app now also has a focused reading mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T296753][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T254771]

'''Problems'''
* There was a problem with the collection of some page-view data from June 2021 to January 2022 on all wikis. This means the statistics are incomplete. To help calculate which projects and regions were most affected, relevant datasets are being retained for 30 extra days. You can [[m:Talk:Data_retention_guidelines#Added_exception_for_page_views_investigation|read more on Meta-wiki]].
* There was a problem with the databases on March 10. All wikis were unreachable for logged-in users for 12 minutes. Logged-out users could read pages but could not edit or access uncached content then. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incident_documentation/2022-03-10_MediaWiki_availability]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-15|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-16|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-17|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* When [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:System_message#Finding_messages_and_documentation|using &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;uselang=qqx&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; to find localisation messages]], it will now show all possible message keys for navigation tabs such as &quot;{{int:vector-view-history}}&quot;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T300069]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Access to [[{{#special:RevisionDelete}}]] has been expanded to include users who have &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;deletelogentry&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;deletedhistory&lt;/code&gt; rights through their group memberships. Before, only those with the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;deleterevision&lt;/code&gt; right could access this special page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T301928]
* On the [[{{#special:Undelete}}]] pages for diffs and revisions, there will be a link back to the main Undelete page with the list of revisions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T284114]

'''Future changes'''
*  The Wikimedia Foundation has announced the IP Masking implementation strategy and next steps. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation#feb25|announcement can be read here]].
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Android FAQ|Wikipedia Android app]] developers are working on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Communication|new functions]] for user talk pages and article talk pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T297617]

'''Events'''
* The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon 2022|Wikimedia Hackathon 2022]] will take place as a hybrid event on 20-22 May 2022. The Hackathon will be held online and there are grants available to support local in-person meetups around the world. Grants can be requested until 20 March.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/11|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W11&quot;/&gt;

22:07, 14 March 2022 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/12|Tech News: 2022-12]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W12&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/12|Translations]] are available.

'''New code release schedule for this week'''
* There will be four MediaWiki releases this week, instead of just one. This is an experiment which should lead to fewer problems and to faster feature updates. The releases will be on all wikis, at different times, on Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Release Engineering Team/Trainsperiment week|read more about this project]].

'''Recent changes'''
* You can now set how many search results to show by default in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-searchoptions|your Preferences]]. This was the 12th most popular wish in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Results|Community Wishlist Survey 2022]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T215716]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Jupyter notebooks tool [[wikitech:PAWS|PAWS]] has been updated to a new interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295043]

'''Future changes'''
* Interactive maps via [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] will soon work on wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevisions]] extension. [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/Kartographer-Workflows-EN/ Please tell us] which improvements you want to see in Kartographer. You can take this survey in simple English. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/12|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W12&quot;/&gt;

16:01, 21 March 2022 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/13|Tech News: 2022-13]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W13&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/13|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* There is a simple new Wikimedia Commons upload tool available for macOS users, [[c:Commons:Sunflower|Sunflower]].

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-29|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-30|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-31|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of regular database maintenance. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-03-29|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s3.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-03-31|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist targeted wikis]). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T301850][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T303798]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/13|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W13&quot;/&gt;

19:54, 28 March 2022 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/14|Tech News: 2022-14]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W14&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/14|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* For a few days last week, edits that were suggested to newcomers were not tagged in the [[{{#special:recentchanges}}]] feed. This bug has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304747]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-05|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-06|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-07|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-04-07|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s4.dblist targeted wikis]).

'''Future changes'''
* Starting next week, Tech News' title will be translatable. When the newsletter is distributed, its title may not be &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;Tech News: 2022-14&lt;/code&gt; anymore. It may affect some filters that have been set up by some communities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T302920]
* Over the next few months, the &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot; Growth feature [[phab:T304110|will become available to more Wikipedias]]. Each week, a few wikis will get the feature. You can test this tool at [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth#deploymentstable|a few wikis where &quot;Link recommendation&quot; is already available]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/14|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W14&quot;/&gt;

21:01, 4 April 2022 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2022-15 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W15&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/15|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* There is a new public status page at &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[https://www.wikimediastatus.net/ www.wikimediastatus.net]&lt;/span&gt;. This site shows five automated high-level metrics where you can see the overall health and performance of our wikis' technical environment. It also contains manually-written updates for widespread incidents, which are written as quickly as the engineers are able to do so while also fixing the actual problem. The site is separated from our production infrastructure and hosted by an external service, so that it can be accessed even if the wikis are briefly unavailable. You can [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2022/03/31/announcing-www-wikimediastatus-net/ read more about this project].
* On Wiktionary wikis, the software to play videos and audio files on pages has now changed. The old player has been removed. Some audio players will become wider after this change. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:TimedMediaHandler/VideoJS_Player|The new player]] has been a beta feature for over four years. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100106][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248418]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/15|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W15&quot;/&gt;

19:44, 11 April 2022 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2022-16 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W16&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/16|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-04-19|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s7.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-04-21|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s8.dblist targeted wikis]).
* Administrators will now have [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2021/(Un)delete associated talk page|the option to delete/undelete the associated &quot;Talk&quot; page]] when they are deleting a given page. An API endpoint with this option is also available. This concludes the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Admins and patrollers/(Un)delete associated talk page|11th wish of the 2021 Community Wishlist Survey]].
* On [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements#test-wikis|selected wikis]], 50% of logged-in users will see the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Table of contents|table of contents]]. When scrolling up and down the page, the table of contents will stay in the same place on the screen. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Desktop Improvements]] project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304169]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Message boxes produced by MediaWiki code will no longer have these CSS classes: &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;successbox&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;errorbox&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;warningbox&lt;/code&gt;. The styles for those classes and &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;messagebox&lt;/code&gt; will be removed from MediaWiki core. This only affects wikis that use these classes in wikitext, or change their appearance within site-wide CSS. Please review any local usage and definitions for these classes you may have. This was previously announced in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/09|28 February issue of Tech News]].

'''Future changes'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] will become compatible with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevisions page stabilization]]. Kartographer maps will also work on pages with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Pending changes|pending changes]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation#Project_descriptions] The Kartographer documentation has been thoroughly updated. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer/Getting_started] [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/Maps] [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/16|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W16&quot;/&gt;

23:11, 18 April 2022 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2022-17 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W17&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/17|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
*  On [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/dblists/group1.dblist many wikis] (group 1), the software to play videos and audio files on pages has now changed. The old player has been removed. Some audio players will become wider after this change. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:TimedMediaHandler/VideoJS_Player|The new player]] has been a beta feature for over four years. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100106][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248418]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-04-26|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s2.dblist targeted wikis]).
* Some very old browsers and operating systems are no longer supported. Some things on the wikis might look weird or not work in very old browsers like Internet Explorer 9 or 10, Android 4, or Firefox 38 or older. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306486]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/17|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W17&quot;/&gt;

22:56, 25 April 2022 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2022-18 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W18&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/18|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* On [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/dblists/group2.dblist all remaining wikis] (group 2), the software to play videos and audio files on pages has now changed. The old player has been removed. Some audio players will become wider after this change. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:TimedMediaHandler/VideoJS_Player|The new player]] has been a beta feature for over four years. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100106][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248418]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-03|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-04|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-05|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* The developers are working on talk pages in the [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS|Wikipedia app for iOS]]. You can [https://wikimedia.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_9GBcHczQGLbQWTY give feedback]. You can take the survey in English, German, Hebrew or Chinese.
* [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/VisualEditor_template_dialog_improvements#Status_and_next_steps|Most wikis]] will receive an [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/VisualEditor_template_dialog_improvements|improved template dialog]] in VisualEditor and New Wikitext mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T296759] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306967]
* If you use syntax highlighting while editing wikitext, you can soon activate a [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Improved_Color_Scheme_of_Syntax_Highlighting#Color-blind_mode|colorblind-friendly color scheme]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306867]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Several CSS IDs related to MediaWiki interface messages will be removed. Technical editors should please [[phab:T304363|review the list of IDs and links to their existing uses]]. These include &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;#mw-anon-edit-warning&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;#mw-undelete-revision&lt;/code&gt; and 3 others.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/18|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W18&quot;/&gt;

19:33, 2 May 2022 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2022-19 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W19&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/19|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* You can now see categories in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android|Wikipedia app for Android]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T73966]

'''Problems'''
* Last week, there was a problem with Wikidata's search autocomplete. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T307586]
* Last week, all wikis had slow access or no access for 20 minutes, for logged-in users and non-cached pages. This was caused by a problem with a database change. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T307647]

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T305217#7894966]
*  [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Geoinformation#Current issues|Incompatibility issues]] with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] and the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs extension]] will be fixed: Deployment is planned for May 10 on all wikis. Kartographer will then be enabled on the [[phab:T307348|five wikis which have not yet enabled the extension]] on May 24.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector (2022)]] skin will be set as the default on several more wikis, including Arabic and Catalan Wikipedias. Logged-in users will be able to switch back to the old Vector (2010). See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/2022-04 for the largest wikis|latest update]] about Vector (2022).

'''Future meetings'''
* The next [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/Talk to Web|open meeting with the Web team]] about Vector (2022) will take place on 17 May. The following meetings are currently planned for: 7 June, 21 June, 5 July, 19 July.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/19|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W19&quot;/&gt;

15:22, 9 May 2022 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2022-20 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W20&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/20|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* Some wikis can soon use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|add a link]] feature. This will start on Wednesday. The wikis are {{int:project-localized-name-cawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-simplewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-svwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/en}}. This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304542]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2022|Wikimedia Hackathon 2022]] will take place online on May 20–22. It will be in English. There are also local [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2022/Meetups|hackathon meetups]] in Germany, Ghana, Greece, India, Nigeria and the United States. Technically interested Wikimedians can work on software projects and learn new skills. You can also host a session or post a project you want to work on.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.12|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-17|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-18|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-19|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* You can soon edit translatable pages in the visual editor. Translatable pages exist on for examples Meta and Commons. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2022/05/12/mediawiki-1-38-brings-support-for-editing-translatable-pages-with-the-visual-editor/]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/20|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W20&quot;/&gt;

18:58, 16 May 2022 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2022-21 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W21&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/21|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Administrators using the mobile web interface can now access Special:Block directly from user pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T307341]
* The &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[https://www.wiktionary.org/ www.wiktionary.org]&lt;/span&gt; portal page now uses an automated update system. Other [[m:Project_portals|project portals]] will be updated over the next few months. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304629]

'''Problems'''
* The Growth team maintains a mentorship program for newcomers. Previously, newcomers weren't able to opt out from the program. Starting May 19, 2022, newcomers are able to fully opt out from Growth mentorship, in case they do not wish to have any mentor at all. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287915]
* Some editors cannot access the content translation tool if they load it by clicking from the contributions menu. This problem is being worked on. It should still work properly if accessed directly via Special:ContentTranslation. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308802]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-24|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-25|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-26|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadget and user scripts developers are invited to give feedback on a [[mw:User:Jdlrobson/Extension:Gadget/Policy|proposed technical policy]] aiming to improve support from MediaWiki developers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308686]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/21|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W21&quot;/&gt;

00:21, 24 May 2022 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2022-22 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W22&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/22|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]]  In the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] extension, an &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;ip_in_ranges()&lt;/code&gt; function has been introduced to check if an IP is in any of the ranges. Wikis are advised to combine multiple &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;ip_in_range()&lt;/code&gt; expressions joined by &lt;code&gt;|&lt;/code&gt; into a single expression for better performance. You can use the search function on [[Special:AbuseFilter|Special:AbuseFilter]] to locate its usage. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T305017]
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/IP Info feature|IP Info feature]] which helps abuse fighters access information about IPs, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/IP Info feature#May 24, 2022|has been deployed]] to all wikis as a beta feature. This comes after weeks of beta testing on test.wikipedia.org.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.14|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-31|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-05-31|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist targeted wikis]).
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#New topic tool|New Topic Tool]] will be deployed for all editors at most wikis soon. You will be able to opt out from within the tool and in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|Preferences]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/New_discussion][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287804]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]]  The [[:mw:Special:ApiHelp/query+usercontribs|list=usercontribs API]] will support fetching contributions from an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Range blocks#Non-technical explanation|IP range]] soon. API users can set the &lt;code&gt;uciprange&lt;/code&gt; parameter to get contributions from any IP range within [[:mw:Manual:$wgRangeContributionsCIDRLimit|the limit]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T177150]
* A new parser function will be introduced: &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{=}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. It will replace existing templates named &quot;=&quot;. It will insert an [[w:en:Equals sign|equal sign]]. This can be used to escape the equal sign in the parameter values of templates. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T91154]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/22|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W22&quot;/&gt;

20:28, 30 May 2022 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2022-23 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W23&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/23|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] A new &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;str_replace_regexp()&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; function can be used in [[Special:AbuseFilter|abuse filters]] to replace parts of text using a [[w:en:Regular expression|regular expression]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285468]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/23|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W23&quot;/&gt;

02:46, 7 June 2022 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2022-24 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W24&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/24|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* All wikis can now use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps. Kartographer maps now also work on pages with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Pending changes|pending changes]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation#Project_descriptions][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T307348]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-06-14|en}} at 06:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s6.dblist targeted wikis]). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T300471]
* Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot; ({{int:project-localized-name-abwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-acewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-adywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-afwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-akwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-alswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-amwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-anwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-angwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-arcwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-arzwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-astwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-atjwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-avwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-aywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-azbwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304548]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#New topic tool|New Topic Tool]] will be deployed for all editors at Commons, Wikidata, and some other wikis soon. You will be able to opt out from within the tool and in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|Preferences]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/New_discussion][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287804]

'''Future meetings'''
* The next [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/Talk to Web|open meeting with the Web team]] about Vector (2022) will take place today (13 June). The following meetings will take place on: 28 June, 12 July, 26 July.

'''Future changes'''
* By the end of July, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector 2022]] skin should be ready to become the default across all wikis. Discussions on how to adjust it to the communities' needs will begin in the next weeks. It will always be possible to revert to the previous version on an individual basis. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/2022-04 for the largest wikis|Learn more]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/24|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W24&quot;/&gt;

16:58, 13 June 2022 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2022-25 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W25&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/25|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android|Wikipedia App for Android]] now has an option for editing the whole page at once, located in the overflow menu (three-dots menu [[File:Ic more vert 36px.svg|15px|link=|alt=]]). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T103622]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Some recent database changes may affect queries using the [[m:Research:Quarry|Quarry tool]]. Queries for &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;site_stats&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; at English Wikipedia, Commons, and Wikidata will need to be updated. [[phab:T306589|Read more]].
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] A new &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;user_global_editcount&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; variable can be used in [[Special:AbuseFilter|abuse filters]] to avoid affecting globally active users. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T130439]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Users of non-responsive skins (e.g. MonoBook or Vector) on mobile devices may notice a slight change in the default zoom level. This is intended to optimize zooming and ensure all interface elements are present on the page (for example the table of contents on Vector 2022). In the unlikely event this causes any problems with how you use the site, we'd love to understand better, please ping &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:User:Jon (WMF)|Jon (WMF)]]&lt;/span&gt; to any on-wiki conversations. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306910]

'''Future changes'''
* The Beta Feature for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] will be updated throughout July.  Discussions will look different.  You can see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Prototype|some of the proposed changes]].
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Parsoid's HTML output will soon stop annotating file links with different &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;typeof&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; attribute values, and instead use &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mw:File&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; for all types. Tool authors should adjust any code that expects: &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mw:Image&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mw:Audio&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, or &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mw:Video&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273505]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/25|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W25&quot;/&gt;

20:18, 20 June 2022 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2022-26 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W26&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/26|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] API service now has self-service accounts with free on-demand requests and monthly snapshots ([https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/ API documentation]). Community access [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise/FAQ#community-access|via database dumps &amp; Wikimedia Cloud Services]] continues.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wiktionary#lua|All Wikimedia wikis can now use Wikidata Lexemes in Lua]] after creating local modules and templates. Discussions are welcome [[d:Wikidata_talk:Lexicographical_data#You_can_now_reuse_Wikidata_Lexemes_on_all_wikis|on the project talk page]].

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-06-28|en}} at 06:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s7.dblist targeted wikis]). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311033]
*  Some global and cross-wiki services will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-06-30|en}} at 06:00 UTC. This will impact ContentTranslation, Echo, StructuredDiscussions, Growth experiments and a few more services. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T300472]
* Users will be able to sort columns within sortable tables in the mobile skin. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T233340]

'''Future meetings'''
* The next [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/Talk to Web|open meeting with the Web team]] about Vector (2022) will take place tomorrow (28 June). The following meetings will take place on 12 July and 26 July.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/26|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W26&quot;/&gt;

20:02, 27 June 2022 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2022-27 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W27&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/27|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-05|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-06|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-07|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-07-05|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s6.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-07-07|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s4.dblist targeted wikis]).
* The Beta Feature for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] will be updated throughout July.  Discussions will look different.  You can see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Prototype|some of the proposed changes]].
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=| Advanced item]] This change only affects pages in the main namespace in Wikisource. The Javascript config variable &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;proofreadpage_source_href&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; will be removed from &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Interface/JavaScript#mw.config|mw.config]]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and be replaced with the variable &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;prpSourceIndexPage&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;.  [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T309490]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/27|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W27&quot;/&gt;

19:32, 4 July 2022 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2022-28 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W28&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/28|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* In the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector 2022 skin]], the page title is now displayed above the tabs such as Discussion, Read, Edit, View history, or More. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates#Page title/tabs switch|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T303549]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] It is now possible to easily view most of the configuration settings that apply to just one wiki, and to compare settings between two wikis if those settings are different. For example: [https://noc.wikimedia.org/wiki.php?wiki=jawiktionary Japanese Wiktionary settings], or [https://noc.wikimedia.org/wiki.php?wiki=eswiki&amp;compare=eowiki settings that are different between the Spanish and Esperanto Wikipedias]. Local communities may want to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting_wiki_configuration_changes|discuss and propose changes]] to their local settings. Details about each of the named settings can be found by [[mw:Special:Search|searching MediaWiki.org]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308932]
*The Anti-Harassment Tools team [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/IP Info feature#May|recently deployed]] the IP Info Feature as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature at all wikis]]. This feature allows abuse fighters to access information about IP addresses. Please check our update on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/IP Info feature#April|how to find and use the tool]]. Please share your feedback using a link you will be given within the tool itself.

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-07-12|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s3.dblist targeted wikis]).

'''Future changes'''
* The Beta Feature for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] will be updated throughout July.  Discussions will look different.  You can see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Prototype|some of the proposed changes]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/28|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W28&quot;/&gt;

19:24, 11 July 2022 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=23502519 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2022-29 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W29&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/29|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* The feature on mobile web for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:NearbyPages|Nearby Pages]] was missing last week. It will be fixed this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312864]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* The [[mw:Technical_decision_making/Forum|Technical Decision Forum]] is seeking [[mw:Technical_decision_making/Community_representation|community representatives]]. You can apply on wiki or by emailing &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;TDFSupport@wikimedia.org&lt;/span&gt; before 12 August.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/29|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W29&quot;/&gt;

22:59, 18 July 2022 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2022-30 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W30&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/30|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[https://www.wikibooks.org/ www.wikibooks.org]&lt;/span&gt; and &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[https://www.wikiquote.org/ www.wikiquote.org]&lt;/span&gt; portal pages now use an automated update system. Other [[m:Project_portals|project portals]] will be updated over the next few months. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273179]

'''Problems'''
*  Last week, some wikis were in read-only mode for a few minutes because of an emergency switch of their main database ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s7.dblist targeted wikis]). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T313383]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* The external link icon will change slightly in the skins Vector legacy and Vector 2022. The new icon uses simpler shapes to be more recognizable on low-fidelity screens. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T261391]
* Administrators will now see buttons on user pages for &quot;{{int:changeblockip}}&quot; and &quot;{{int:unblockip}}&quot; instead of just &quot;{{int:blockip}}&quot; if the user is already blocked. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308570]

'''Future meetings'''
* The next [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/Talk to Web|open meeting with the Web team]] about Vector (2022) will take place tomorrow (26 July).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/30|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W30&quot;/&gt;

19:27, 25 July 2022 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2022-31 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W31&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/31|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Improved [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Displaying_a_formula#Phantom|LaTeX capabilities for math rendering]] are now available in the wikis thanks to supporting &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;Phantom&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; tags. This completes part of [[m:Community_Wishlist_Survey_2022/Editing/Missing_LaTeX_capabilities_for_math_rendering|the #59 wish]] of the 2022 Community Wishlist Survey.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:WikiEditor/Realtime_Preview|Realtime Preview]] will be available as a Beta Feature on wikis in [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists%2Fgroup0.dblist Group 0]. This feature was built in order to fulfill [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey_2021/Real_Time_Preview_for_Wikitext|one of the Community Wishlist Survey proposals]].

'''Future changes'''
* The Beta Feature for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] will be updated throughout August.  Discussions will look different.  You can see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Prototype|some of the proposed changes]].

'''Future meetings'''
* This week, three meetings about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector (2022)]] with live interpretation will take place. On Tuesday, interpretation in Russian will be provided. On Thursday, meetings for Arabic and Spanish speakers will take place. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/Talk to Web|See how to join]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/31|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W31&quot;/&gt;

21:21, 1 August 2022 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2022-32 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W32&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/32|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Meta:GUS2Wiki/Script|GUS2Wiki]] copies the information from [[{{#special:GadgetUsage}}]] to an on-wiki page so you can review its history. If your project isn't already listed on the [[d:Q113143828|Wikidata entry for Project:GUS2Wiki]] you can either run GUS2Wiki yourself or [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Meta:GUS2Wiki/Script#Opting|make a request to receive updates]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T121049]

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-08-09|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-08-11|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s2.dblist targeted wikis]).

'''Future meetings'''
* The [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/Hackathon|Wikimania Hackathon]] will take place online from August 12–14. Don't miss [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/Hackathon/Schedule|the pre-hacking showcase]] to learn about projects and find collaborators. Anyone can [[phab:/project/board/6030/|propose a project]] or [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/Hackathon/Schedule|host a session]]. [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/Hackathon/Newcomers|Newcomers are welcome]]!

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/32|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W32&quot;/&gt;

19:50, 8 August 2022 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2022-33 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W33&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/33|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The Persian (Farsi) Wikipedia community decided to block IP editing from October 2021 to April 2022. The Wikimedia Foundation's Product Analytics team tracked the impact of this change. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/IP Editing Restriction Study/Farsi Wikipedia|An impact report]] is now available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-08-16|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s1.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-08-18|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s8.dblist targeted wikis]).
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:WikiEditor/Realtime_Preview|Realtime Preview]] will be available as a Beta Feature on wikis in [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists%2Fgroup1.dblist Group 1]. This feature was built in order to fulfill [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey_2021/Real_Time_Preview_for_Wikitext|one of the Community Wishlist Survey proposals]].

'''Future changes'''
* The Beta Feature for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] will be updated throughout August.  Discussions will look different.  You can see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Prototype|some of the proposed changes]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk_pages_project/Usability#4_August_2022][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk_pages_project/Usability#Phase_1:_Topic_containers][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312672]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/33|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W33&quot;/&gt;

21:08, 15 August 2022 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2022-34 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W34&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/34|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Two problems with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps have been fixed. Maps are no longer shown as empty when a geoline was created via VisualEditor. Geolines consisting of points with QIDs (e.g., subway lines) are no longer shown with pushpins. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T292613][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308560]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-08-25|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s4.dblist targeted wikis]).
* The colours of links and visited links will change. This is to make the difference between links and other text more clear. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T213778]

'''Future changes'''
* The new [{{int:discussiontools-topicsubscription-button-subscribe}}] button [[mw:Talk pages project/Notifications#12 August 2022|helps newcomers get answers]].  The Editing team is enabling this tool everywhere.  You can turn it off in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|your preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T284489]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/34|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W34&quot;/&gt;

00:12, 23 August 2022 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2022-35 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W35&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/35|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:WikiEditor/Realtime_Preview|Realtime Preview]] is available as a Beta Feature on wikis in [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists%2Fgroup2.dblist Group 2]. This feature was built in order to fulfill [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey_2021/Real_Time_Preview_for_Wikitext|one of the Community Wishlist Survey proposals]]. Please note that when this Beta feature is enabled, it may cause conflicts with some wiki-specific Gadgets.

'''Problems'''
* In recent months, there have been inaccurate numbers shown for various [[{{#special:statistics}}]] at Commons, Wikidata, and English Wikipedia. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T315693]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.27|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-31|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-08-30|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s6.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-09-01|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s7.dblist targeted wikis]).

'''Future changes'''
* The Wikimedia Foundation wants to improve how Wikimedia communities report harmful incidents by building the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Private Incident Reporting System|Private Incident Reporting System (PIRS)]] to make it easy and safe for users to make reports. You can leave comments on the talk page, by answering the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Private Incident Reporting System#Phase 1|questions provided]].  If you have ever faced a harmful situation that you wanted to report/reported, join a PIRS interview to share your experience. To sign up [[m:Special:EmailUser/MAna_(WMF)|please email]] &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:User:MAna (WMF)|Madalina Ana]]&lt;/span&gt;.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/35|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W35&quot;/&gt;

23:05, 29 August 2022 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2022-36 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W36&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/36|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.28|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-09-06|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s1.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-09-08|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s3.dblist targeted wikis]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] On Special pages that only have one tab, the tab-bar's row will be hidden in the Vector-2022 skin to save space. The row will still show if Gadgets use it. Gadgets that currently append directly to the CSS id of &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;#p-namespaces&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; should be updated to use the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;[[mw:ResourceLoader/Core_modules#addPortletLink|mw.util.addPortletLink]]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; function instead. Gadgets that style this id should consider also targeting &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;#p-associated-pages&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, the new id for this row. [[phab:T316908|Examples are available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316908][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T313409]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/36|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W36&quot;/&gt;

23:22, 5 September 2022 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2022-37 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W37&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/37|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The search servers have been upgraded to a new major version. If you notice any issues with searching, please report them on [[phab:project/view/1849/|Phabricator]]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/XPCTYYTN67FVFKN6XOHULJVGUO44J662]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-13|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-14|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-15|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight|Syntax highlighting]] is now tracked as an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:$wgExpensiveParserFunctionLimit|expensive parser function]]. Only 500 expensive function calls can be used on a single page. Pages that exceed the limit are added to a [[:Category:{{MediaWiki:expensive-parserfunction-category}}|tracking category]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316858]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/37|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W37&quot;/&gt;

01:50, 13 September 2022 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2022-38 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W38&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/38|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Two database fields in the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;templatelinks&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; table are now being dropped: &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;tl_namespace&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;tl_title&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. Any queries that rely on these fields need to be changed to use the new normalization field called &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;tl_target_id&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. See &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[phab:T299417|T299417]]&lt;/span&gt; for more information. This is part of [[w:Database normalization|normalization]] of links tables. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/U2U6TXIBABU3KDCVUOITIGI5OJ4COBSW/][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/User:ASarabadani_(WMF)/Database_for_devs_toolkit/Concepts/Normalization]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-20|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-21|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-22|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* In [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps, you can use icons on markers for common points of interest. On Tuesday, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer/Icons|previous icon set]] will be updated to [https://de.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Hilfe:Extension:Kartographer/Icons version maki 7.2]. That means, around 100 new icons will be available.  Additionally, all existing icons were updated for clarity and to make them work better in international contexts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T302861][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation#Update_maki_icons]

'''Future changes'''
* In a [[m:Content_Partnerships_Hub/Software/Volunteer_developers_discussion_at_Wikimania_2022|group discussion at Wikimania]], more than 30 people talked about how to make content partnership software in the Wikimedia movement more sustainable. What kind of support is acceptable for volunteer developers? Read the summary and [[m:Talk:Content Partnerships Hub/Software/Volunteer developers discussion at Wikimania 2022|leave your feedback]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/38|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W38&quot;/&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/span&gt; 22:16, 19 September 2022 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2022-39 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W39&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/39|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Parsoid clients should be updated to allow for space-separated multi-values in the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;rel&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; attribute of links. Further details are in &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[phab:T315209|T315209]]&lt;/bdi&gt;.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-27|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-28|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-29|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Diffs|Visual diffs]] will become available to all users, except at the Wiktionaries and Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314588]
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Mobile|Talk pages on the mobile site]] will change at the Arabic, Bangla, Chinese, French, Haitian Creole, Hebrew, Korean, and Vietnamese Wikipedias.  They should be easier to use and provide more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318302] [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk_pages_project/Mobile]
* In the [[mw:Lua/Scripting|{{ns:828}}]] namespace, pages ending with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;.json&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; will be treated as JSON, just like they already are in the {{ns:2}} and {{ns:8}} namespaces. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T144475]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/39|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W39&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:30, 27 September 2022 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2022-40 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W40&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/40|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps can now show geopoints from Wikidata, via QID or SPARQL query. Previously, this was only possible for geoshapes and geolines. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T307695] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation/Geopoints_via_QID]
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest_Tool_Award|Coolest Tool Award 2022]] is looking for nominations. You can recommend tools until 12 October.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Mobile|Talk pages on the mobile site]] will change at the Arabic, Bangla, Chinese, French, Haitian Creole, Hebrew, Korean, and Vietnamese Wikipedias.  They should be easier to use and provide more information. (Last week's release was delayed) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318302] [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk_pages_project/Mobile]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;scribunto-console&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; API module will require a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Tokens|CSRF token]]. This module is documented as internal and use of it is not supported. [[phab:T212071|[5]]] 
* The Vector 2022 skin will become the default across the smallest Wikimedia projects. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements#Deployment_plan_and_timeline|Learn more]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/40|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W40&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:23, 4 October 2022 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2022-41 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W41&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/41|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* On some wikis, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps in full size view will be able to display nearby articles. After a feedback period, more wikis will follow. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316782][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation/Nearby_articles]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/41|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W41&quot;/&gt;

14:08, 10 October 2022 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2022-42 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W42&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/42|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The recently implemented feature of [[phab:T306883|article thumbnails in Special:Search]] will be limited to Wikipedia projects only. Further details are in [[phab:T320510|T320510]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Data_Across_Wikimedia/Search_Improvements]
* A bug that caused problems in loading article thumbnails in Special:Search has been fixed. Further details are in [[phab:T320406|T320406]].

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Lua module authors can use &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#mw.loadJsonData|mw.loadJsonData()]]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; to load data from JSON pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T217500]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Lua module authors can enable &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#Strict_library|require( &quot;strict&quot; )]]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; to add errors for some possible code problems. This replaces &quot;[[wikidata:Q16748603|Module:No globals]]&quot; on most wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T209310]

'''Future changes'''
* The [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature]] for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] will be updated at most wikis. The &quot;{{int:discussiontools-replylink}}&quot; button will look different after this change. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320683]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/42|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W42&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:46, 17 October 2022 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=23943992 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2022-43 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W43&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/43|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* There have been some minor visual fixes in Special:Search, regarding audio player alignment and image placeholder height. Further details are in [[phab:T319230|T319230]].
* On Wikipedias, a new [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-searchoptions|preference]] has been added to hide article thumbnails in Special:Search. Full details are in [[phab:T320337|T320337]].

'''Problems'''
* Last week, three wikis ({{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ruwiki/en}}) had read-only access for 25 minutes. This was caused by a hardware problem. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320990]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-10-25|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-10-27|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s4.dblist targeted wikis]).
* Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot; ({{int:project-localized-name-aswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-banwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-barwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bat smgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bclwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-be x oldwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bhwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-biwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bjnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bpywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-brwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bugwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bxrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304549] 
* Starting on Wednesday October 26, 2022, the list of mentors will be upgraded [[d:Q14339834 | at wikis where Growth mentorship is available]]. The mentorship system will continue to work as it does now. The signup process [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Communities/How to configure the mentors' list#add|will be replaced]], and a new management option will be provided. Also, this change simplifies [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Communities/How to configure the mentors' list#create|the creation of mentorship systems at Wikipedias]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314858][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T310905][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Structured_mentor_list]
* Pages with titles that start with a lower-case letter according to Unicode 11 will be renamed or deleted. There is a list of affected pages at &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:Unicode 11 case map migration]]&lt;/bdi&gt;. More information can be found at [[phab:T292552|T292552]].
* The Vector 2022 skin will become the default across the smallest Wikipedias. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements#smallest-1|Learn more]].

'''Future changes'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Replying|Reply tool]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/New discussion|New Topic tool]] will soon get a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Special characters|special characters menu]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T249072]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/43|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W43&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:22, 24 October 2022 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=23975411 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2022-44 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W44&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/44|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* When using keyboard navigation on a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] map, the focus will become more visible. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T315997]
* In {{#special:RecentChanges}}, you can now hide the log entries for new user creations with the filter for &quot;{{int:rcfilters-filter-newuserlogactions-label}}&quot;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321155]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-01|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-02|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-03|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|maps dialog]] in VisualEditor now has some help texts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318818]
* It is now possible to select the language of a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] map in VisualEditor via a dropdown menu. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318817]
* It is now possible to add a caption to a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] map in VisualEditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318815]
* It is now possible to hide the frame of a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] map in VisualEditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318813]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/44|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W44&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:15, 31 October 2022 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=23977539 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2022-45 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W45&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/45|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* An updated version of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/EventCenter/Registration|Event Registration]] tool is now available for testing at [[testwiki:|testwiki]] and [[test2wiki:| test2wiki]]. The tool provides features for event organizers and participants. Your feedback is welcome at our [[m:Talk:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Registration|project talkpage]]. More information about [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Registration|the project]] is available. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318592]

'''Problems'''
* Twice last week, for about 45 minutes, some files and thumbnails failed to load and uploads failed, mostly for logged-in users. The cause is being investigated and an incident report will be available soon.

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/45|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W45&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:32, 8 November 2022 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24001035 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2022-46 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W46&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/46|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* At Wikidata, an interwiki link can now point to a redirect page if certain conditions are met. This new feature is called [[wikidata:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Sitelinks_to_redirects|sitelinks to redirects]]. It is needed when one wiki uses one page to cover multiple concepts but another wiki uses more pages to cover the same concepts. Your [[wikidata:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata talk:Sitelinks to redirects|feedback on the talkpage]] of the new proposed guideline is welcome. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T278962]
* The &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[https://www.wikinews.org/ www.wikinews.org]&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[https://www.wikiversity.org/ www.wikiversity.org]&lt;/span&gt;, and &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[https://www.wikivoyage.org/ www.wikivoyage.org]&lt;/span&gt; portal pages now use an automated update system. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273179]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-15|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-16|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-17|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* There will be a new link to directly &quot;Edit template data&quot; on Template pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316759]

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Wikis where mobile [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] are enabled ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Deployment Status|these ones]]) will soon use full CSS styling to display any templates that are placed at the top of talk pages. To adapt these “talk page boxes” for narrow mobile devices you can use media queries, such as in [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Message_box/tmbox.css&amp;oldid=1097618699#L-69 this example]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312309]
* Starting in January 2023, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]] will be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates/2023 Changes Update|running the Community Wishlist Survey (CWS) every two years]]. This means that in 2024, there will be no new proposals or voting.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/46|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W46&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:54, 14 November 2022 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24071290 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2022-47 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W47&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/47|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The display of non-free media in the search bar and for article thumbnails in Special:Search has been deactivated. Further details are in [[phab:T320661|T320661]].

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-11-22|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s2.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-11-24|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s7.dblist targeted wikis]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/47|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W47&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:22, 21 November 2022 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24071290 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2022-48 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W48&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/48|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* A new preference, “Enable limited width mode”, has been added to the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|Vector 2022 skin]]. The preference is also available as a toggle on every page if your monitor is 1600 pixels or wider. It allows for increasing the width of the page for logged-out and logged-in users. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319449]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.12|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-29|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-30|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-11-29|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s3.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-12-01|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s1.dblist targeted wikis]).
* Mathematical formulas shown in SVG image format will no longer have PNG fall-backs for browsers that don't support them. This is part of work to modernise the generation system. Showing only PNG versions was the default option until in February 2018. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/3BGOKWJIZGL4TC4HJ22ICRU2SEPWGCR4/][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311620][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T186327]
* On [[phab:P40224|some wikis]] that use flagged revisions, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:FlaggedRevs#Special:Contributions|a new checkbox will be added]] to Special:Contributions that enables you to see only the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Pending changes|pending changes]] by a user. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321445]

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] How media is structured in the parser's HTML output will change early next week at [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train#Wednesday group1 wikis] (but not Wikimedia Commons or Meta-Wiki). This change improves the accessibility of content, and makes it easier to write related CSS. You may need to update your site-CSS, or userscripts and gadgets. There are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Media_structure/FAQ|details on what code to check, how to update the code, and where to report any related problems]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314318]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/48|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W48&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:03, 28 November 2022 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24114342 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2022-49 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W49&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/49|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Wikisources use a tool called ProofreadPage. ProofreadPage uses OpenSeadragon which is an open source tool. The OpenSeadragon JavaScript API has been significantly re-written to support dynamically loading images. The functionality provided by the older version of the API should still work but it is no longer supported. User scripts and gadgets should migrate over to the newer version of the API. The functionality provided by the newer version of the API is [[mw:Extension:Proofread_Page/Page_viewer#JS_API|documented on MediaWiki]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308098][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Proofread_Page/Edit-in-Sequence]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/49|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W49&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:41, 6 December 2022 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24151590 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2022-50 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W50&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/50|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* An [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Mobile|A/B test has begun]] at 15 Wikipedias for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Mobile|DiscussionTools on mobile]].  Half of the editors on the [[mw:Reading/Web/Mobile|mobile web site]] will have access to the {{int:discussiontools-replybutton}} tool and other features. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321961]
* The character &lt;code&gt;=&lt;/code&gt; cannot be used in new usernames, to make usernames work better with templates. Existing usernames are not affected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T254045]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.14|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-13|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-14|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-15|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML markup used by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/Usability#Phase_1:_Topic_containers|show discussion metadata below section headings]] will be inserted after these headings, not inside of them. This change improves the accessibility of discussion pages for screen reader software. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314714]

'''Events'''
* The fourth edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest_Tool_Award|Coolest Tool Award]] will happen online on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1671210002 Friday 16 December 2022 at 17:00 UTC]! The event will be live-streamed on YouTube in the [https://www.youtube.com/user/watchmediawiki MediaWiki channel] and added to Commons afterwards.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/50|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W50&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:34, 12 December 2022 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2022-51 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W51&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/51|Translations]] are available.

'''Tech News'''
* Because of the [[w:en:Christmas and holiday season|holidays]] the next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 9 January 2023.

'''Recent changes'''
* On a user's contributions page, you can filter it for edits with a tag like 'reverted'. Now, you can also filter for all edits that are not tagged like that. This was part of a Community Wishlist 2022 request. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T119072]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] A new function has been used for gadget developers to add content underneath the title on article pages. This is considered a stable API that should work across all skins. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ResourceLoader/Core_modules#addSubtitle|Documentation is available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316830]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[test2wiki:|One of our test wikis]] is now being served from a new infrastructure powered by [[w:Kubernetes|Kubernetes]] ([[wikitech:MediaWiki On Kubernetes|read more]]). More Wikis will switch to this new infrastructure in early 2023. Please test and let us know of any issues. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290536]

'''Problems'''
* Last week, all wikis had no edit access for 9 minutes. This was caused by a database problem. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2022-12-13_sessionstore]

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week or next week.
* The word &quot;{{int:discussiontools-replybutton}}&quot; is very short in some languages, such as Arabic (&quot;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;ar&quot;&gt;ردّ&lt;/bdi&gt;&quot;). This makes the {{int:discussiontools-preference-label}} button on talk pages difficult to use. An arrow icon will be added to those languages. This will only be visible to editors who have the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature]] turned on. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk_pages_project/Usability#Status] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T323537]

'''Future changes'''
* Edits can be automatically &quot;tagged&quot; by the system software or the {{int:Abusefilter}} system. Those tags link to a help page about the tags. Soon they will also link to Recent Changes to let you see other edits tagged this way. This was a Community Wishlist 2022 request. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T301063]
* The Trust &amp; Safety tools team [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Private Incident Reporting System/Timeline and Updates|have shared new plans]] for building the Private Incident Reporting System. The system will make it easier for editors to ask for help if they are harassed or abused. 
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Real Time Preview for Wikitext|Realtime Preview for Wikitext]] is coming out of beta as an enabled feature for every user of the 2010 Wikitext [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editor|editor]] in the week of January 9, 2023. It will be available to use via the toolbar in the 2010 Wikitext editor. The feature was the 4th most popular wish of the Community Wishlist Survey 2021.

'''Events'''
* You can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2023/Participate|register for the Wikimedia Hackathon 2023]], taking place on May 19–21 in Athens, Greece. You can also apply for a scholarship until January 14th.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/51|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W51&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:00, 20 December 2022 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2023-02 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W02&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/02|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* You can use tags to filter edits in the recent changes feed or on your watchlist. You can now use tags to filter out edits you don't want to see. Previously you could only use tags to focus on the edits with those tags. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T174349]
* [[Special:WhatLinksHere|Special:WhatLinksHere]] shows all pages that link to a specific page. There is now a [https://wlh.toolforge.org prototype] for how to sort those pages alphabetically. You can see the discussion in the [[phab:T4306|Phabricator ticket]].
* You can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Thanks|thanks]] function on your watchlist and the user contribution page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T51541]
* A wiki page can be moved to give it a new name. You can now get a dropdown menu with common reasons when you move a page. This is so you don't have to write the explanation every time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T325257]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Matrix.org|Matrix]] is a chat tool. You can now use &lt;code&gt;matrix:&lt;/code&gt; to create Matrix links on wiki pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326021]
* You can filter out translations when you look at the recent changes on multilingual wikis. This didn't hide translation pages. You can now also hide subpages which are translation pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T233493]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Real Time Preview for Wikitext|Realtime preview for wikitext]] is a tool which lets editors preview the page when they edit wikitext. It will be enabled for all users of the 2010 wikitext editor. You will find it in the editor toolbar.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2023-01-10|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2023-01-12|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s6.dblist targeted wikis]).
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-10|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-11|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-12|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/02|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W02&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:07, 10 January 2023 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2023-03 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W03&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/03|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The URLs in &quot;{{int:last}}&quot; links on page history now contain &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;diff=prev&amp;oldid=[revision ID]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; in place of &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;diff=[revision ID]&amp;oldid=[revision ID]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. This is to fix a problem with links pointing to incorrect diffs when history was filtered by a tag. Some user scripts may break as a result of this change. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T243569]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-17|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-18|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-19|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Some [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|changes to the appearance of talk pages]] have only been available on &lt;code&gt;{{ns:1}}:&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;{{ns:3}}:&lt;/code&gt; namespaces.  These will be extended to other talk namespaces, such as &lt;code&gt;{{ns:5}}:&lt;/code&gt;.  They will continue to be unavailable in non-talk namespaces, including &lt;code&gt;{{ns:4}}:&lt;/code&gt; pages (e.g., at the Village Pump).  You can [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|change your preferences]] ([[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]]). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T325417]
*On Wikisources, when an image is zoomed or panned in the Page: namespace, the same zoom and pan settings will be remembered for all Page: namespace pages that are linked to a particular Index: namespace page. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/ProofreadPage/+/868841]
* The Vector 2022 skin will become the default for the English Wikipedia desktop users. The change will take place on January 18 at 15:00 UTC. [[:en:w:Wikipedia:Vector 2022|Learn more]].

'''Future changes'''
* The 2023 edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023|Community Wishlist Survey]], which invites contributors to make technical proposals and vote for tools and improvements, starts next week on 23 January 2023 at 18:00 UTC. You can start drafting your proposals in [[m:Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|the CWS sandbox]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/03|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W03&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:10, 17 January 2023 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2023-04 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W04&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/04|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* Last week, for ~15 minutes, all wikis were unreachable for logged-in users and non-cached pages. This was caused by a timing issue. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-01-17_MediaWiki]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-24|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-25|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-26|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* If you have the Beta Feature for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project|DiscussionTools]] enabled, the appearance of talk pages will add more information about discussion activity. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/Usability#Status][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T317907]
* The 2023 edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023|Community Wishlist Survey]] (CWS), which invites contributors to make technical proposals and vote for tools and improvements, starts on Monday 23 January 2023 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1674496814 18:00 UTC]. 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/04|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W04&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:46, 23 January 2023 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2023-05 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W05&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/05|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* Last week, for ~15 minutes, some users were unable to log in or edit pages. This was caused by a problem with session storage. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-01-24_sessionstore_quorum_issues]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-31|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Wikis that use localized numbering schemes for references need to add new CSS. This will help to show citation numbers the same way in all reading and editing modes. If your wiki would prefer to do it yourselves, please see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|details and example CSS to copy from]], and also add your wiki to the list. Otherwise, the developers will directly help out starting the week of February 5.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/05|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W05&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:05, 31 January 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24455949 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-06 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W06&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/06|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* In the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector 2022 skin]], logged-out users using the full-width toggle will be able to see the setting of their choice even after refreshing pages or opening new ones. This only applies to wikis where Vector 2022 is the default. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321498]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Previously, we announced when some wikis would be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. These switches will not be announced any more, as the read-only time has become non-significant. Switches will continue to happen at 7AM UTC on Tuesdays and Thursdays. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T292543#8568433]
* Across all the wikis, in the Vector 2022 skin, logged-in users will see the page-related links such as &quot;What links here&quot; in a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Features/Page_tools|new side menu]]. It will be displayed on the other side of the screen. This change had previously been made on Czech, English, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328692]
*[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023|Community Wishlist Survey 2023]] will stop receiving new proposals on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1675706431 Monday, 6 February 2023, at 18:00 UTC]. Proposers should complete any edits by then, to give time for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey/Help_us|translations]] and review. Voting will begin on Friday, 10 February.

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadgets and user scripts will be changing to load on desktop and mobile sites. Previously they would only load on the desktop site. It is recommended that wiki administrators audit the [[MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition|gadget definitions]] prior to this change, and add &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;skins=…&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; for any gadgets which should not load on mobile. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328610 More details are available].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/06|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W06&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 10:21, 6 February 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24491749 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-07 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W07&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/07|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* On wikis where patrolled edits are enabled, changes made to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Communities/How to configure the mentors' list|mentor list]] by autopatrolled mentors are not correctly marked as patrolled. It will be fixed later this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328444]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* The Reply tool and other parts of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Mobile|DiscussionTools]] will be deployed for all editors using the mobile site.  You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/Mobile#Status_Updates|read more about this decision]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298060]

'''Future changes'''
* All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 1. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677679222 14:00 UTC]. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328287][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327920][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/07|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W07&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:48, 14 February 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24540832 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-08 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W08&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/08|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* Last week, during planned maintenance of Cloud Services, unforeseen complications forced the team to turn off all tools for 2–3 hours to prevent data corruption. Work is ongoing to prevent similar problems in the future. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329535] 

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
*The voting phase for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023|Community Wishlist Survey 2023]] ends on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677261621 24 February at 18:00 UTC]. The results of the survey will be announced on 28 February.

'''Future changes'''
* All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 1. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677679222 14:00 UTC]. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328287][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327920][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/08|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W08&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:57, 21 February 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24570514 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-09 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W09&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/09|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* Last week, in some areas of the world, there were problems with loading pages for 20 minutes and saving edits for 55 minutes. These issues were caused by a problem with our caching servers due to unforseen events during a routine maintenance task. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-02-22_wiki_outage][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-02-22_read_only] 

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 1. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677679222 14:00 UTC]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/09|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W09&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:47, 27 February 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24634242 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-10 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W10&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/10|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The Community Wishlist Survey 2023 edition has been concluded. Community Tech has [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Results|published the results]] of the survey and will provide an update on what is next in April 2023.
* On wikis which use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Writing_systems|LanguageConverter]] to handle multiple writing systems, articles which used custom conversion rules in the wikitext (primarily on Chinese Wikipedia) would have these rules applied inconsistently in the table of contents, especially in the Vector 2022 skin. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306862]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* A search system has been added to the [[Special:Preferences|Preferences screen]]. This will let you find different options more easily. Making it work on mobile devices will happen soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T313804]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/10|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W10&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:49, 6 March 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24676916 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-11 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W11&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/11|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.27|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot; ({{int:project-localized-name-cbk_zamwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cdowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cebwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-chwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-chrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-chywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ckbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-csbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cuwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304542][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304550] 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/11|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W11&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:20, 13 March 2023 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2023-12 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W12&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/12|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* Last week, some users experienced issues loading image thumbnails. This was due to incorrectly cached images. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331820]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] A link to the user's [[{{#special:CentralAuth}}]] page will appear on [[{{#special:Contributions}}]] — some user scripts which previously added this link may cause conflicts. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Admins and patrollers/Add link to CentralAuth on Special:Contributions|voted #17 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]].
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The [[{{#special:AbuseFilter}}]] edit window will be resizable and larger by default. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Anti-harassment/Make the AbuseFilter edit window resizable and larger by default|voted #80 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]].
* There will be a new option for Administrators when they are unblocking a user, to add the unblocked user’s user page to their watchlist. This will work both via [[{{#special:Unblock}}]] and via the API. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T257662]

'''Meetings'''
* You can join the next meeting with the Wikipedia mobile apps teams. During the meeting, we will discuss the current features and future roadmap. The meeting will be on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1679677204 24 March at 17:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Office Hours|details and how to join]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/12|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W12&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:25, 21 March 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24732558 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-13 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W13&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/13|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] condition limit was increased from 1000 to 2000. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T309609]
* [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global AbuseFilter#Locally disabled actions|Some Global AbuseFilter]] actions will no longer apply to local projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332521]
* Desktop users are now able to subscribe to talk pages by clicking on the {{int:discussiontools-newtopicssubscription-button-subscribe-label}} link in the {{int:toolbox}} menu. If you subscribe to a talk page, you receive [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications|notifications]] when new topics are started on that talk page. This is separate from putting the page on your watchlist or subscribing to a single discussion. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263821]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* You will be able to choose [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Diffs|visual diffs]] on all [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Page history|history pages]] at the Wiktionaries and Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314588]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The legacy [[mw:Mobile Content Service|Mobile Content Service]] is going away in July 2023. Developers are encouraged to switch to Parsoid or another API before then to ensure service continuity. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/4MVQQTONJT7FJAXNVOFV3WWVVMCHRINE/]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/13|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W13&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:13, 28 March 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24780854 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-14 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W14&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/14|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The system for automatically creating categories for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Babel|Babel]] extension has had several important changes and fixes. One of them allows you to insert templates for automatic category descriptions on creation, allowing you to categorize the new categories. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T211665][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T64714][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170654][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184941][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T33074]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Some older [[w:en:Web browser|Web browsers]] will stop being able to use [[w:en:JavaScript|JavaScript]] on Wikimedia wikis from this week. This mainly affects users of Internet Explorer 11. If you have an old web browser on your computer you can try to upgrade to a newer version. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T178356]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The deprecated &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;jquery.hoverIntent&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; module has been removed. This module could be used by gadgets and user scripts, to create an artificial delay in how JavaScript responds to a hover event. Gadgets and user scripts should now use jQuery &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;hover()&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; or &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;on()&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; instead. Examples can be found in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ResourceLoader/Migration_guide_(users)#jquery.hoverIntent|migration guide]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311194]
* Some of the links in [[{{#special:SpecialPages}}]] will be re-arranged. There will be a clearer separation between links that relate to all users, and links related to your own user account. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333242]
* You will be able to hide the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Replying|Reply button]] in archived discussion pages with a new &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;__ARCHIVEDTALK__&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; magic word.  There will also be a new &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;.mw-archivedtalk&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; CSS class for hiding the Reply button in individual sections on a page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T249293][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295553][https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/DiscussionTools/+/738221]

'''Future changes'''
* The Vega software that creates data visualizations in pages, such as graphs, will be upgraded to the newest version in the future. Graphs that still use the very old version 1.5 syntax may stop working properly. Most existing uses have been found and updated, but you can help to check, and to update any local documentation. [[phab:T260542|Examples of how to find and fix these graphs are available]]. 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/14|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W14&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:39, 3 April 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24820268 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-15 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W15&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/15|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] In the visual editor, it is now possible to edit captions of images in galleries without opening the gallery dialog. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Editing/Editable gallery captions in Visual Editor|voted #61 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T190224]
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] You can now receive notifications when another user edits your user page. See the &quot;{{int:Echo-category-title-edit-user-page}}&quot; option in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-echo|your Preferences]]. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Anti-harassment/Notifications for user page edits|voted #3 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T3876]

'''Problems'''
* There was a problem with all types of CentralNotice banners still being shown to logged-in users even if they had [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-centralnotice-banners|turned off]] specific banner types. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331671]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot; ({{int:project-localized-name-arywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dinwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dsbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-elwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-emlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-etwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-euwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-extwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tumwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ffwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiu_vrowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fjwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frpwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-furwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gcrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-glwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-glkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gomwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gotwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-guwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gvwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304551][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308133]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/15|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W15&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:05, 10 April 2023 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2023-16 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W16&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/16|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* You can now see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer#Show_nearby_articles|nearby articles on a Kartographer map]] with the button for the new feature &quot;{{int:Kartographer-sidebar-nearbybutton}}&quot;. Six wikis have been testing this feature since October. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation/Nearby_articles#Implementation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334079]
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Special:GlobalWatchlist]] page now has links for &quot;{{int:globalwatchlist-markpageseen}}&quot; for each entry. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Notifications, Watchlists and Talk Pages/Button to mark a single change as read in the global watch list|voted #161 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334246]

'''Problems'''
* At Wikimedia Commons, some thumbnails have not been getting replaced correctly after a new version of the image is uploaded. This should be fixed later this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331138][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333042]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] For the last few weeks, some external tools had inconsistent problems with logging-in with OAuth. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332650]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/16|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W16&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:54, 18 April 2023 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2023-17 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W17&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/17|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The date-selection menu on pages such as [[{{#special:Contributions}}]] will now show year-ranges that are in the current and past decade, instead of the current and future decade. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Miscellaneous/Change year range shown in date selection popup|voted #145 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]].  [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334316]

'''Problems'''
* Due to security issues with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Graph extension]], graphs have been disabled in all Wikimedia projects. Wikimedia Foundation teams are working to respond to these vulnerabilities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940]
* For a few days, it was not possible to save some kinds of edits on the mobile version of a wiki. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334797][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334799][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334794]

'''Changes later this week'''
* All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on April 26. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1682517653 14:00 UTC]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* The Editing team plans an A/B test for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|a usability analysis of the Talk page project]]. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Analysis|planned measurements are available]]. Your wiki [[phab:T332946|may be invited to participate]]. Please suggest improvements to the measurement plan at [[mw:Talk:Talk pages project/Usability|the discussion page]].
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2023-2024|The Wikimedia Foundation annual plan 2023-2024 draft is open for comment and input]] until May 19. The final plan will be published in July 2023 on Meta-wiki.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/17|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W17&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:03, 24 April 2023 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2023-18 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W18&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/18|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The content attribution tools [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Who Wrote That?|Who Wrote That?]], [[xtools:authorship|XTools Authorship]], and [[xtools:blame|XTools Blame]] now support the French and Italian Wikipedias. More languages will be added in the near future. This is part of the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Reading/Extend &quot;Who Wrote That?&quot; tool to more wikis|#7 wish in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T243711][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T270490][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334891]
* The [[:commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2commons]] tool has been updated. This fixed several bugs related to YouTube uploads. [https://github.com/toolforge/video2commons/pull/162/commits]
* The [[{{#special:Preferences}}]] page has been redesigned on mobile web. The new design makes it easier to browse the different categories and settings at low screen widths. You can also now access the page via a link in the Settings menu in the mobile web sidebar. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Moderator_Tools/Content_moderation_on_mobile_web/Preferences]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/18|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W18&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:45, 2 May 2023 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2023-19 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W19&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/19|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] Last week, Community Tech released the first update for providing [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Better diff handling of paragraph splits|better diffs]], the #1 request in the 2022 Community Wishlist Survey. [[phab:T324759|This update]] adds legends and tooltips to inline diffs so that users unfamiliar with the blue and yellow highlights can better understand the type of edits made.
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] When you close an image that is displayed via MediaViewer, it will now return to the wiki page instead of going back in your browser history. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Reading/Return to the article when closing the MediaViewer|voted #65 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T236591]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight|SyntaxHighlight]] extension now supports &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;wikitext&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; as a selected language. Old alternatives that were used to highlight wikitext, such as &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;html5&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;moin&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;html+handlebars&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, can now be replaced. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T29828]
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Creating pages with preloaded text|Preloading text to new pages/sections]] now supports preloading from localized MediaWiki interface messages. [https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Martin_Urbanec_(WMF)?action=edit&amp;section=new&amp;preload=MediaWiki:July Here is an example] at the {{int:project-localized-name-cswiki/en}} that uses &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;preload=MediaWiki:July&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T330337]

'''Problems'''
* Graph Extension update: Foundation developers have completed upgrading the visualization software to Vega5. Existing community graphs based on Vega2 are no longer compatible. Communities need to update local graphs and templates, and shared lua modules like &lt;bdi lang=&quot;de&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[:de:Modul:Graph]]&lt;/bdi&gt;. The [https://vega.github.io/vega/docs/porting-guide/ Vega Porting guide] provides the most comprehensive detail on migration from Vega2 and [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Graph:PageViews&amp;action=history here is an example migration]. Vega5 has currently just been enabled on mediawiki.org to provide a test environment for communities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940#8813922]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Until now, all new OAuth apps went through manual review. Starting this week, apps using identification-only or basic authorizations will not require review. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T67750]

'''Future changes'''
* During the next year, MediaWiki will stop using IP addresses to identify logged-out users, and will start automatically assigning unique temporary usernames. Read more at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Updates|IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Updates]]. You can [[m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation#What should it look like?|join the discussion]] about the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Updates#What will temporary usernames look like?|format of the temporary usernames]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332805]
* There will be an [[:w:en:A/B testing|A/B test]] on 10 Wikipedias where the Vector 2022 skin is the default skin. Half of logged-in desktop users will see an interface where the different parts of the page are more clearly separated. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/2023-05 Zebra9 A/B test|read more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333180][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335972]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] &lt;code&gt;jquery.tipsy&lt;/code&gt; will be removed from the MediaWiki core. This will affect some user scripts. Many lines with &lt;code&gt;.tipsy(&lt;/code&gt; can be commented out. &lt;code&gt;OO.ui.PopupWidget&lt;/code&gt; can be used to keep things working like they are now. You can [[phab:T336019|read more]] and [[:mw:Help:Locating broken scripts|read about how to find broken scripts]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336019]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/19|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W19&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:36, 9 May 2023 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2023-20 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W20&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/20|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* Citations that are automatically generated based on [[d:Q33057|ISBN]] are currently broken. This affects citations made with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User_guide/Citations-Full#Automatic|VisualEditor Automatic tab]], and the use of the citoid API in gadgets and user scripts. Work is ongoing to restore this feature. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336298] 

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot; ({{int:project-localized-name-gorwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hakwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hifwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hsbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-htwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-igwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ilowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-inhwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iuwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jamwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jvwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308134] 

'''Future changes'''
* There is a recently formed team at the Wikimedia Foundation which will be focusing on experimenting with new tools. Currently they are building [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future_Audiences#FA2.2_Conversational_AI|a prototype ChatGPT plugin that allows information generated by ChatGPT to be properly attributed]] to the Wikimedia projects.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadget and userscript developers should replace &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;jquery.cookie&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mediawiki.cookie&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. The &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;jquery.cookie&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; library will be removed in ~1 month, and staff developers will run a script to replace any remaining uses at that time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336018]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/20|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W20&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:45, 15 May 2023 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2023-21 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W21&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/21|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The &quot;recent edits&quot; time period for page watchers is now 30 days. It used to be 180 days. This was a [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Notifications, Watchlists and Talk Pages/Change information about the number of watchers on a page|Community Wishlist Survey proposal]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336250]

'''Changes later this week'''
* An [[mw:special:MyLanguage/Growth/Positive reinforcement#Impact|improved impact module]] will be available at Wikipedias. The impact module is a feature available to newcomers [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary#Newcomer homepage|at their personal homepage]]. It will show their number of edits, how many readers their edited pages have, how many thanks they have received and similar things. It is also accessible by accessing Special:Impact. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336203]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/21|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W21&quot;/&gt;

16:55, 22 May 2023 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2023-22 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W22&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/22|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Citations can once again be added automatically from ISBNs, thanks to Zotero's ISBN searches. The current data sources are the Library of Congress (United States), the Bibliothèque nationale de France (French National Library), and K10plus ISBN (German repository). Additional data source searches can be [[mw:Citoid/Creating Zotero translators|proposed to Zotero]]. The ISBN labels in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User_guide/Citations-Full#Automatic|VisualEditor Automatic tab]] will reappear later this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336298#8859917]
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The page [[{{#special:EditWatchlist}}]] now has &quot;{{int:watchlistedit-normal-check-all}}&quot; options to select all the pages within a namespace. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Notifications, Watchlists and Talk Pages/Watchlist edit - &quot;check all&quot; checkbox|voted #161 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334252]	

'''Problems'''
* For a few days earlier this month, the &quot;Add interlanguage link&quot; item in the Tools menu did not work properly. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337081]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.11|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-31|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* VisualEditor will be switched to a new backend on [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/source/mediawiki-config/browse/master/dblists/small.dblist small] and [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/source/mediawiki-config/browse/master/dblists/medium.dblist medium] wikis this week. Large wikis will follow in the coming weeks. This is part of the effort to move Parsoid into MediaWiki core. The change should have no noticeable effect on users, but if you experience any slow loading or other strangeness when using VisualEditor, please report it on the phabricator ticket linked here. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320529]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/22|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W22&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:03, 29 May 2023 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2023-23 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W23&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/23|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:RealMe|RealMe]] extension allows you to mark URLs on your user page as verified for Mastodon and similar software.
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] Citation and footnote editing can now be started from the reference list when using the visual editor. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Citations/Allow citations to be edited in the references section with VisualEditor|voted #2 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T54750]
* Previously, clicking on someone else's link to Recent Changes with filters applied within the URL could unintentionally change your preference for &quot;{{int:Rcfilters-group-results-by-page}}&quot;. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T202916#8874081]

'''Problems'''
* For a few days last week, some tools and bots returned outdated information due to database replication problems, and may have been down entirely while it was being fixed. These issues have now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337446]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.12|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Bots will no longer be prevented from making edits because of URLs that match the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SpamBlacklist|spam blacklist]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T313107]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/23|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W23&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:52, 5 June 2023 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2023-24 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W24&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/24|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The content attribution tools [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Who Wrote That?|Who Wrote That?]], [[xtools:authorship|XTools Authorship]], and [[xtools:blame|XTools Blame]] now support the Dutch, German, Hungarian, Indonesian, Japanese, Polish and Portuguese Wikipedias. This was the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Reading/Extend &quot;Who Wrote That?&quot; tool to more wikis|#7 wish in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334891]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Data Across Wikimedia/Search Improvements#Search Preview panel|Search Preview panel]] has been deployed on four Wikipedias (Catalan, Dutch, Hungarian and Norwegian). The panel will show an image related to the article (if existing), the top sections of the article, related images (coming from MediaSearch on Commons), and eventually the sister projects associated with the article. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306341]
* The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:RealMe#Verifying_a_link_on_non-user_pages|RealMe]] extension now allows administrators to verify URLs for any page, for Mastodon and similar software. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T324937]
* The default project license [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimediaannounce-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/7G6XPWZPQFLZ2JANN3ZX6RT4DVUI3HZQ/ has been officially upgraded] to CC BY-SA 4.0. The software interface messages have been updated. Communities should feel free to start updating any mentions of the old CC BY-SA 3.0 licensing within policies and related documentation pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319064]

'''Problems'''
* For three days last month, some Wikipedia pages edited with VisualEditor or DiscussionTools had an unintended &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;__TOC__&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; (or its localized form) added during an edit. There is [[mw:Parsoid/Deployments/T336101_followup|a listing of affected pages sorted by wiki]], that may still need to be fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336101]
* Currently, the &quot;{{int:Visualeditor-dialog-meta-categories-defaultsort-label}}&quot; feature in VisualEditor is broken. Existing &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{DEFAULTSORT:...}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; keywords incorrectly appear as missing templates in VisualEditor. Developers are exploring how to fix this. In the meantime, those wishing to edit the default sortkey of a page are advised to switch to source editing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337398]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Last week, an update to the delete form may have broken some gadgets or user scripts. If you need to manipulate (empty) the reason field, replace &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;#wpReason&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;#wpReason &gt; input&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. See [https://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3AGadget-CleanDeleteReasons.js&amp;diff=22859956&amp;oldid=12794189 an example fix]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337809]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-13|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-14|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-15|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* VisualEditor will be switched to a new backend on English Wikipedia on Monday, and all other [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/source/mediawiki-config/browse/master/dblists/large.dblist large] wikis on Thursday. The change should have no noticeable effect on users, but if you experience any slow loading or other strangeness when using VisualEditor, please report it on the phabricator ticket linked here. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320529]

'''Future changes'''
* From 5 June to 17 July, the Foundation's [[:mw:Wikimedia Security Team|Security team]] is holding a consultation with contributors regarding a draft policy to govern the use of third-party resources in volunteer-developed gadgets and scripts. Feedback and suggestions are warmly welcome at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Third-party resources policy|Third-party resources policy]] on meta-wiki.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/24|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W24&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 14:51, 12 June 2023 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2023-25 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W25&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/25|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Flame graphs are now available in WikimediaDebug. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/JXNQD3EHG5V5QW5UXFDPSHQG4MJ3FWJQ/][https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2023/06/08/flame-graphs-arrive-in-wikimediadebug/]

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week.
* There is now a toolbar search popup in the visual editor. You can trigger it by typing &lt;code&gt;\&lt;/code&gt; or pressing &lt;code&gt;ctrl + shift + p&lt;/code&gt;. It can help you quickly access most tools in the editor. [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Visual_editor_toolbar_search_feature.png][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T66905]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/25|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W25&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:08, 19 June 2023 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2023-26 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W26&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/26|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Action API modules and Special:LinkSearch will now add a trailing &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;/&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; to all &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;prop=extlinks&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; responses for bare domains. This is part of the work to remove duplication in the &lt;code&gt;externallinks&lt;/code&gt; database table. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337994]

'''Problems'''
* Last week, search was broken on Commons and Wikidata for 23 hours. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T339810][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-06-18_search_broken_on_wikidata_and_commons]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-27|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-28|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-29|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Minerva skin now applies more predefined styles to the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;.mbox-text&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; CSS class. This enables support for mbox templates that use divs instead of tables. Please make sure that the new styles won't affect other templates in your wiki. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/skins/MinervaNeue/+/930901/][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T339040]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadgets will now load on both desktop and mobile by default. Previously, gadgets loaded only on desktop by default. Changing this default using the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;|targets=&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; parameter is also deprecated and should not be used. You should make gadgets work on mobile or disable them based on the skin (with the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;|skins=&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; parameter in &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition&lt;/bdi&gt;) rather than whether the user uses the mobile or the desktop website. Popular gadgets that create errors on mobile will be disabled by developers on the Minerva skin as a temporary solution. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T127268]
* All namespace tabs now have the same browser [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Keyboard_shortcuts|access key]] by default. Previously, custom and extension-defined namespaces would have to have their access keys set manually on-wiki, but that is no longer necessary. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T22126]
* The review form of the Flagged Revisions extension now uses the standardized [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|user interface components]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156]

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] How media is structured in the parser's HTML output will change in the coming weeks at [[:wikitech:Deployments/Train#Thursday|group2 wikis]]. This change improves the accessibility of content. You may need to update your site-CSS, or userscripts and gadgets. There are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Media_structure/FAQ|details on what code to check, how to update the code, and where to report any related problems]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314318]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/26|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W26&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 16:18, 26 June 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25202311 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-27 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W27&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/27|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the rolling out of the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Multimedia and Commons/Audio links that play on click|audio links that play on click]] wishlist proposal, [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/small.dblist small wikis] will now be able to use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Phonos#Inline audio player mode|inline audio player]] that is implemented by the [[mw:Extension:Phonos|Phonos]] extension. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336763]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] From this week all gadgets automatically load on mobile and desktop sites. If you see any problems with gadgets on your wikis, please adjust the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Options|gadget options]] in your gadget definitions file. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328610]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/27|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W27&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:51, 3 July 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25231546 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-28 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W28&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/28|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Data Across Wikimedia/Section-level Image Suggestions|Section-level Image Suggestions feature]] has been deployed on seven Wikipedias (Portuguese, Russian, Indonesian, Catalan, Hungarian, Finnish and Norwegian Bokmål). The feature recommends images for articles on contributors' watchlists that are a good match for individual sections of those articles.
* [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global AbuseFilter|Global abuse filters]] have been enabled on all Wikimedia projects, except English and Japanese Wikipedias (who opted out). This change was made following a [[:m:Requests for comment/Make global abuse filters opt-out|global request for comments]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341159]
* [[{{#special:BlockedExternalDomains}}]] is a new tool for administrators to help fight spam. It provides a clearer interface for blocking plain domains (and their subdomains), is more easily searchable, and is faster for the software to process for each edit on the wiki. It does not support regex (for complex cases), nor URL path-matching, nor the [[MediaWiki:Spam-whitelist|MediaWiki:Spam-whitelist]], but otherwise it replaces most of the functionalities of the existing [[MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist|MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist]]. There is a Python script to help migrate all simple domains into this tool, and more feature details, within [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:BlockedExternalDomains|the tool's documentation]]. It is available at all wikis except for Meta-wiki, Commons, and Wikidata. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337431]
* The WikiEditor extension was updated. It includes some of the most frequently used features of wikitext editing. In the past, many of its messages could only be translated by administrators, but now all regular translators on translatewiki can translate them. Please check [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=ext-wikieditor&amp;messages=&amp;x=D#sortable:0=asc the state of WikiEditor localization into your language], and if the &quot;Completion&quot; for your language shows anything less than 100%, please complete the translation. See [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-ambassadors@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/D4YELU2DXMZ75PGELUOKXXMFF3FH45XA/ a more detailed explanation].

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* The default protocol of [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]] and API counterparts has changed from http to both http and https. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T14810]
* [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]] and its API counterparts will now search for all of the URL provided in the query. It used to be only the first 60 characters. This feature was requested fifteen years ago. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T17218]

'''Future changes'''
* There is an experiment with a [[:w:en:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] plugin. This is to show users where the information is coming from when they read information from Wikipedia. It has been tested by Wikimedia Foundation staff and other Wikimedians. Soon all ChatGPT plugin users can use the Wikipedia plugin. This is the same plugin which was mentioned in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/20|Tech News 2023/20]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future_Audiences#FA2.2_Conversational_AI]
* There is an ongoing discussion on a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Third-party resources policy|proposed Third-party resources policy]]. The proposal will impact the use of third-party resources in gadgets and userscripts. Based on the ideas received so far, policy includes some of the risks related to user scripts and gadgets loading third-party resources, some best practices and exemption requirements such as code transparency and inspectability. Your feedback and suggestions are warmly welcome until July 17, 2023 on [[m:Talk:Third-party resources policy|on the policy talk page]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/28|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W28&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:54, 10 July 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25278797 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-29 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W29&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/29|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] We are now serving 1% of all global user traffic from [[w:en:Kubernetes|Kubernetes]] (you can [[wikitech:MediaWiki On Kubernetes|read more technical details]]). We are planning to increment this percentage regularly. You can [[phab:T290536|follow the progress of this work]]. 

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:System_message|system messages]] will now look for available local fallbacks, instead of always using the default fallback defined by software. This means wikis no longer need to override each language on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback_languages|fallback chain]] separately. For example, English Wikipedia doesn't have to create &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;en-ca&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;en-gb&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; subpages with a transclusion of the base pages anymore. This makes it easier to maintain local overrides. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T229992]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;action=growthsetmentorstatus&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; API will be deprecated with the new MediaWiki version. Bots or scripts calling that API should use the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;action=growthmanagementorlist&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; API now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321503]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/29|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W29&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:08, 17 July 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25289122 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-30 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W30&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/30|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]]   On July 18, the Wikimedia Foundation launched a survey about the [[:mw:Technical_decision_making|technical decision making process]] for people who do technical work that relies on software that is maintained by the Foundation or affiliates. If this applies to you, [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/885471 please take part in the survey]. The survey will be open for three weeks, until August 7. You can find more information in [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/Q7DUCFA75DXG3G2KHTO7CEWMLCYTSDB2/|the announcement e-mail on wikitech-l]].

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/30|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W30&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 02:20, 25 July 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25332248 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-31 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W31&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/31|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Synchronizer|Synchronizer]] tool is now available to keep Lua modules synced across Wikimedia wikis, along with [[mw:Multilingual Templates and Modules|updated documentation]] to develop global Lua modules and templates.
* The tag filter on [[{{#special:NewPages}}]] and revision history pages can now be inverted. For example, you can hide edits that were made using an automated tool. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334337][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334338]
* The Wikipedia [[:w:en:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] plugin experiment can now be used by ChatGPT users who can use plugins. You can participate in a [[:m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future Audiences#Announcing monthly Future Audiences open &quot;office hours&quot;|video call]] if you want to talk about this experiment or similar work. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future_Audiences#FA2.2_Conversational_AI]

'''Problems'''
* It was not possible to generate a PDF for pages with non-Latin characters in the title, for the last two weeks. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342442]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-01|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-02|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-03|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Starting on Tuesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot; ({{int:project-localized-name-kawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kaawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kabwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kbdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kbpwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-knwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kshwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kuwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kwwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308135] 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/31|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W31&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:54, 31 July 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25362228 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-32 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W32&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/32|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Mobile Web editors can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Advanced_mobile_contributions#August_1,_2023_-_Full-page_editing_added_on_mobile|edit a whole page at once]]. To use this feature, turn on &quot;{{int:Mobile-frontend-mobile-option-amc}}&quot; in your settings and use the &quot;{{int:Minerva-page-actions-editfull}}&quot; button in the &quot;{{int:Minerva-page-actions-overflow}}&quot; menu. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T203151]

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/32|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W32&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:20, 7 August 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25420038 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-33 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W33&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/33|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The Content translation system is no longer using Youdao's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Content_translation/Translating/Initial_machine_translation|machine translation service]]. The service was in place for several years, but due to no usage, and availability of alternatives, it was deprecated to reduce maintenance overheads. Other services which cover the same languages are still available. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329137]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-15|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-16|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-17|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot; ({{int:project-localized-name-lawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ladwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lbewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lezwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lfnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-liwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lijwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lmowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ltgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-maiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-map_bmswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mdfwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kywiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308136] &lt;!-- TODO replace wiki codes --&gt;

'''Future changes'''
* A few gadgets/user scripts which add icons to the Minerva skin need to have their CSS updated. There are more details available including a [[phab:T344067|search for all existing instances and how to update them]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/33|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W33&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 05:59, 15 August 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25428668 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-34 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W34&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/34|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The [https://gdrive-to-commons.toolforge.org/ GDrive to Commons Uploader] tool is now available. It enables [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GDrive to Commons Uploader|securely selecting and uploading files]] from your Google Drive directly to Wikimedia Commons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267868]
* From now on, we will announce new Wikimedia wikis in Tech News, so you can update any tools or pages.
** Since the last edition, two new wikis have been created:
*** a Wiktionary in [[d:Q7121294|Pa'O]] ([[wikt:blk:|&lt;code&gt;wikt:blk:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T343540]
*** a Wikisource in [[d:Q34002|Sundanese]] ([[s:su:|&lt;code&gt;s:su:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T343539]
** To catch up, the next most recent six wikis are:
*** Wikifunctions ([[f:|&lt;code&gt;f:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275945]
*** a Wiktionary in [[d:Q2891049|Mandailing]] ([[wikt:btm:|&lt;code&gt;wikt:btm:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335216]
*** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q5555465|Ghanaian Pidgin]] ([[w:gpe:|&lt;code&gt;w:gpe:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335969]
*** a Wikinews in [[d:Q3111668|Gungbe]] ([[n:guw:|&lt;code&gt;n:guw:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334394]
*** a Wiktionary in [[d:Q33522|Kabardian]] ([[wikt:kbd:|&lt;code&gt;wikt:kbd:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333266]
*** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q35570|Fante]] ([[w:fat:|&lt;code&gt;w:fat:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335016]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-22|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-23|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-24|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] There is an existing [[mw:Stable interface policy|stable interface policy]] for MediaWiki backend code. There is a [[mw:User:Jdlrobson/Stable interface policy/frontend|proposed stable interface policy for frontend code]]. This is relevant for anyone who works on gadgets or Wikimedia frontend code. You can read it, discuss it, and let the proposer know if there are any problems. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344079]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/34|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W34&quot;/&gt;

15:25, 21 August 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25497111 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-35 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W35&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/35|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the changes for the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Better diff handling of paragraph splits|better diff handling of paragraph splits]], improved detection of splits is being rolled out. Over the last two weeks, we deployed this support to [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Groups|group0]] and group1 wikis. This week it will be deployed to group2 wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341754]
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] All [[{{#special:Contributions}}]] pages now show the user's local edit count and the account's creation date. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T324166]
* Wikisource users can now use the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;prpbengalicurrency&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; label to denote Bengali currency characters as page numbers inside the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;pagelist&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; tag.  [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T268932]
* Two preferences have been relocated. The preference &quot;{{int:visualeditor-preference-visualeditor}}&quot; is now shown on the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|&quot;{{int:prefs-editing}}&quot; tab]] at all wikis. Previously it was shown on the &quot;{{int:prefs-betafeatures}}&quot; tab at some wikis. The preference &quot;{{int:visualeditor-preference-newwikitexteditor-enable}}&quot; is now also shown on the &quot;{{int:prefs-editing}}&quot; tab at all wikis, instead of the &quot;{{int:prefs-betafeatures}}&quot; tab. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335056][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344158]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.24|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-29|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-30|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-31|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] New signups for a Wikimedia developer account will start being pushed towards &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[https://idm.wikimedia.org/ idm.wikimedia.org]&lt;/bdi&gt;, rather than going via Wikitech. [[wikitech:IDM|Further information about the new system is available]].
* All right-to-left language wikis, plus Korean, Armenian, Ukrainian, Russian, and Bulgarian Wikipedias, will have a link in the sidebar that provides a short URL of that page, using the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]]. This feature will come to more wikis in future weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267921]

'''Future changes'''
* The removal of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DoubleWiki|DoubleWiki extension]] is being discussed. This extension currently allows Wikisource users to view articles from multiple language versions side by side when the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;=&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; symbol next to a specific language edition is selected. Comments on this are welcomed at [[phab:T344544|the phabricator task]].
* A proposal has been made to merge the second hidden-categories list (which appears below the wikitext editing form) with the main list of categories (which is further down the page). [[phab:T340606|More information is available on Phabricator]]; feedback is welcome!

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/35|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W35&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 14:00, 28 August 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25510866 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-36 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W36&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/36|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[m:Wikisource_EditInSequence|EditInSequence]], a feature that allows users to edit pages faster on Wikisource has been moved to a Beta Feature based on community feedback. To enable it, you can navigate to the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features tab in Preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308098]
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the changes for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Generate Audio for IPA|Generate Audio for IPA]] and [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Multimedia and Commons/Audio links that play on click|Audio links that play on click]] wishlist proposals, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Phonos#Inline_audio_player_mode|inline audio player mode]] of [[mw:Extension:Phonos|Phonos]] has been deployed to all projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336763]
* There is a new option for Administrators when they are changing the usergroups for a user, to add the user’s user page to their watchlist. This works both via [[{{#special:UserRights}}]] and via the API. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T272294]
* One new wiki has been created:
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q34318|Talysh]] ([[w:tly:|&lt;code&gt;w:tly:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345166]
'''Problems'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:LoginNotify|LoginNotify extension]] was not sending notifications since January. It has now been fixed, so going forward, you may see notifications for failed login attempts, and successful login attempts from a new device. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344785]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-05|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-06|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-07|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot; ({{int:project-localized-name-mhrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-miwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-minwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrjwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mtwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mwlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-myvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mznwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nahwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-napwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ndswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nds_nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-novwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nqowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nrmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nsowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ocwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-olowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-omwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-orwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-oswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pagwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pamwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-papwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pcdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pdcwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pflwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pihwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pmswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pnbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pntwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pswiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308137][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308138]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/36|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W36&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:33, 4 September 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25566983 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-37 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W37&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/37|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ORES|ORES]], the revision evaluation service, is now using a new open-source infrastructure on all wikis except for English Wikipedia and Wikidata. These two will follow this week. If you notice any unusual results from the Recent Changes filters that are related to ORES (for example, &quot;{{int:ores-rcfilters-damaging-title}}&quot; and &quot;{{int:ores-rcfilters-goodfaith-title}}&quot;), please [[mw:Talk:Machine Learning|report them]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342115]
* When you are logged in on one Wikimedia wiki and visit a different Wikimedia wiki, the system tries to log you in there automatically. This has been unreliable for a long time. You can now visit the login page to make the system try extra hard. If you feel that made logging in better or worse than it used to be, your feedback is appreciated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326281]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Technical decision making|Technical Decision-Making Forum Retrospective]] team invites anyone involved in the technical field of Wikimedia projects to signup to and join [[mw:Technical decision making/Listening Sessions|one of their listening sessions]] on 13 September. Another date will be scheduled later. The goal is to improve the technical decision-making processes.
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the changes for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Better diff handling of paragraph splits|Better diff handling of paragraph splits]] wishlist proposal, the inline switch widget in diff pages is being rolled out this week to all wikis. The inline switch will allow viewers to toggle between a unified inline or two-column diff wikitext format. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336716]

'''Future changes'''
* All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on 20 September. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This is planned at 14:00 UTC.]] More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345263]
* The Enterprise API is launching a new feature called &quot;[http://breakingnews-beta.enterprise.wikimedia.com/ breaking news]&quot;. Currently in BETA, this attempts to identify likely &quot;newsworthy&quot; topics as they are currently being written about in any Wikipedia. Your help is requested to improve the accuracy of its detection model, especially on smaller language editions, by recommending templates or identifiable editing patterns. See more information at [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise/Breaking news|the documentation page]] on MediaWiki or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise/FAQ#What is Breaking News|the FAQ]] on Meta.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/37|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W37&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:07, 11 September 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25589064 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-38 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W38&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/38|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki now has a [[mw:Stable interface policy/frontend|stable interface policy for frontend code]] that more clearly defines how we deprecate MediaWiki code and wiki-based code (e.g. gadgets and user scripts). Thank you to everyone who contributed to the content and discussions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T346467][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344079]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.27|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on September 20. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This is planned at 14:00 UTC.]] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345263]
* All wikis will have a link in the sidebar that provides a short URL of that page, using the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267921]

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The team investigating the Graph Extension posted [[mw:Extension:Graph/Plans#Proposal|a proposal for reenabling it]] and they need your input.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/38|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W38&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:19, 18 September 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25623533 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-39 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W39&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The Vector 2022 skin will now remember the pinned/unpinned status for the Table of Contents for all logged-out users. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316060]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.28|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The ResourceLoader &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;mediawiki.ui&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; modules are now deprecated as part of the move to Vue.js and Codex. There is a [[mw:Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|guide for migrating from MediaWiki UI to Codex]] for any tools that use it. More [[phab:T346468|details are available in the task]] and your questions are welcome there.
* Gadget definitions will have a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Options|new &quot;namespaces&quot; option]]. The option takes a list of namespace IDs. Gadgets that use this option will only load on pages in the given namespaces.

'''Future changes'''
* New variables will be added to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]]: &lt;code&gt;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;global_account_groups&lt;/bdi&gt;&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;global_account_editcount&lt;/bdi&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. They are available only when an account is being created. You can use them to prevent blocking automatic creation of accounts when users with many edits elsewhere visit your wiki for the first time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345632][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Rules_format]

'''Meetings'''
* You can join the next meeting with the Wikipedia mobile apps teams. During the meeting, we will discuss the current features and future roadmap. The meeting will be on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1698426015 27 October at 17:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Office_Hours#October_2023|details and how to join]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W39&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 16:51, 26 September 2023 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2023-40 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W40&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/40|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* There is a new [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering-advancedrendering|user preference]] for &quot;{{int:tog-forcesafemode}}&quot;. This setting will make pages load without including any on-wiki JavaScript or on-wiki stylesheet pages. It can be useful for debugging broken JavaScript gadgets. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342347]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadget definitions now have a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Options|new &quot;&lt;var&gt;contentModels&lt;/var&gt;&quot; option]]. The option takes a list of page content models, like &lt;code&gt;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;wikitext&lt;/bdi&gt;&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;css&lt;/bdi&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. Gadgets that use this option will only load on pages with the given content models.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.29|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-03|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-04|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-05|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Vector 2022 skin will no longer use the custom styles and scripts of Vector legacy (2010). The change will be made later this year or in early 2024. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Loading Vector 2010 scripts|how to adjust the CSS and JS pages on your wiki]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331679]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/40|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W40&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:26, 3 October 2023 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2023-41 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W41&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/41|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q33291|Fon]] ([[w:fon:|&lt;code&gt;w:fon:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347935]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.30|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-10|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-11|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-12|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot; ({{int:project-localized-name-swwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-wawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-warwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-wowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-xalwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-xhwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-xmfwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-yiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-yowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zeawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zh_min_nanwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zuwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308139]
* At some wikis, newcomers are suggested images from Commons to add to articles without any images. Starting on Tuesday, newcomers at these wikis will be able to add images to unillustrated article sections. The specific wikis are listed under &quot;Images recommendations&quot; [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Deployment table|at the Growth team deployment table]]. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add an image|learn more about this feature.]] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345940]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] In the mobile web skin (Minerva) the CSS ID &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;#page-actions&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; will be replaced with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;#p-views&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. This change is to make it consistent with other skins and to improve support for gadgets and extensions in the mobile skin. A few gadgets may need to be updated; there are [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348267 details and search-links in the task].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/41|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W41&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 14:39, 9 October 2023 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2023-42 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W42&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/42|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|Unified login]] system's edge login should now be fixed for some browsers (Chrome, Edge, Opera). This means that if you visit a new sister project wiki, you should be logged in automatically without the need to click &quot;Log in&quot; or reload the page. Feedback on whether it's working for you is welcome. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347889]
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Interface/Edit_notice|Edit notices]] are now available within the MobileFrontend/Minerva skin. This feature was inspired by [[w:en:Wikipedia:EditNoticesOnMobile|the gadget on English Wikipedia]]. See more details in [[phab:T316178|T316178]].

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-17|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-18|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-19|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* In 3 weeks, in the Vector 2022 skin, code related to &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;addPortletLink&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;#p-namespaces&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; that was deprecated one year ago will be removed. If you notice tools that should appear next to the &quot;Discussion&quot; tab are then missing, please tell the gadget's maintainers to see [[phab:T347907|instructions in the Phabricator task]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/42|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W42&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:47, 16 October 2023 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2023-43 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W43&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/43|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* There is a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language engineering/Newsletter/2023/October|Language and internationalization newsletter]], written quarterly. It contains updates on new feature development, improvements in various language-related technical projects, and related support work.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Source map support has been enabled on all wikis. When you open the debugger in your browser's developer tools, you should be able to see the unminified JavaScript source code. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T47514]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-24|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-25|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-26|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/43|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W43&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:16, 23 October 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25782286 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-44 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W44&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/44|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The Structured Content team, as part of its project of [[:commons:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements|improving UploadWizard on Commons]], made some UX improvements to the upload step of choosing own vs not own work ([[phab:T347590|T347590]]), as well as to the licensing step for own work ([[phab:T347756|T347756]]).
* The Design Systems team has released version 1.0.0 of [[wmdoc:codex/latest/|Codex]], the new design system for Wikimedia. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Design_Systems_Team/Announcing_Codex_1.0|full announcement about the release of Codex 1.0.0]].

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-31|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Listings on category pages are sorted on each wiki for that language using a [[:w:en:International Components for Unicode|library]]. For a brief period on 2 November, changes to categories will not be sorted correctly for many languages. This is because the developers are upgrading to a new version of the library. They will then use a script to fix the existing categories. This will take a few hours or a few days depending on how big the wiki is. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Technical Operations/ICU announcement|read more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345561][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267145] 
* Starting November 1, the impact module (Special:Impact) will be upgraded by the Growth team. The new impact module shows newcomers more data regarding their impact on the wiki. It was tested by a few wikis during the last few months. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336203]

'''Future changes'''
* There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph/Plans#Roadmap|a proposed plan]] for re-enabling the Graph Extension. You can help by reviewing this proposal and [[mw:Extension_talk:Graph/Plans#c-PPelberg_(WMF)-20231020221600-Update:_20_October|sharing what you think about it]].
* The WMF is working on making it possible for administrators to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community_configuration_2.0|edit MediaWiki configuration directly]]. This is similar to previous work on Special:EditGrowthConfig. [[phab:T349757|A technical RfC is running until November 08, where you can provide feedback.]] 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/44|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W44&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:21, 30 October 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25801989 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-45 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W45&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/45|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* In the Vector 2022 skin, the default font-size of a number of navigational elements (tagline, tools menu, navigational links, and more) has been increased slightly to match the font size used in page content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T346062]

'''Problems'''
* Last week, there was a problem displaying some recent edits on [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist a few wikis], for 1-6 hours. The edits were saved but not immediately shown. This was due to a database problem. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350443]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* The Growth team will reassign newcomers from former mentors to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Structured mentor list|the currently active mentors]]. They have also changed the notification language to be more user-friendly. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T330071][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327493]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/45|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W45&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:05, 6 November 2023 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2023-46 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W46&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/46|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Four new wikis have been created:
** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q7598268|Moroccan Amazigh]] ([[w:zgh:|&lt;code&gt;w:zgh:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350216]
** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q35159|Dagaare]] ([[w:dga:|&lt;code&gt;w:dga:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350218]
** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q33017|Toba Batak]] ([[w:bbc:|&lt;code&gt;w:bbc:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350320]
** a Wikiquote in [[d:Q33151|Banjar]] ([[q:bjn:|&lt;code&gt;q:bjn:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350217]

'''Problems'''
* Last week, users who previously visited Meta-Wiki or Wikimedia Commons and then became logged out on those wikis could not log in again. The problem is now resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350695]
* Last week, some pop-up dialogs and menus were shown with the wrong font size. The problem is now resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350544]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* Reference Previews are coming to many wikis as a default feature. They are popups for references, similar to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Page Previews|PagePreviews feature]]. [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Opt-out feature|You can opt out]] of seeing them. If you are [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets|using the gadgets]] Reference Tooltips or Navigation Popups, you won’t see Reference Previews. [[phab:T282999|Deployment]] is planned for November 22, 2023. 
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Canary (also known as heartbeat) events will be produced into [https://stream.wikimedia.org/?doc#/streams Wikimedia event streams] from December 11. Streams users are advised to filter out these events, by discarding all events where &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;meta.domain == &quot;canary&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. Updates to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot|Pywikibot]] or [https://github.com/ChlodAlejandro/wikimedia-streams wikimedia-streams] will discard these events by default. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T266798]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/46|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W46&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:52, 13 November 2023 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2023-47 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W47&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/47|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot; ({{int:project-localized-name-quwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rmywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-roa_rupwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-roa_tarawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ruewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rwwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sahwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-satwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-scwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-scnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-scowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-shwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-siwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-skwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-slwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-smwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sqwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-srwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-srnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-stwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-stqwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-suwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-szlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tcywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tetwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-thwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-towiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tpiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ttwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-twwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tyvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-udmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ugwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-uzwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vecwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vepwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vlswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vowiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308141][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308142][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308143] 
* The Vector 2022 skin will have some minor visual changes to drop-down menus, column widths, and more. These changes were added to four Wikipedias last week. If no issues are found, these changes will proceed to all wikis this week. These changes will make it possible to add new menus for readability and dark mode. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Updates#November_2023:_Visual_changes,_more_deployments,_and_shifting_focus|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347711]

'''Future changes'''
* There is [[mw:Extension talk:Graph/Plans#Update: 15 November|an update on re-enabling the Graph Extension]]. To speed up the process, Vega 2 will not be supported and only [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335325 some protocols] will be available at launch. You can help by sharing what you think about the plan.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/47|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W47&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:55, 21 November 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25884616 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-48 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W48&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/48|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). There is no new MediaWiki version next week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki's JavaScript system will now allow &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;async&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;await&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; syntax in gadgets and user scripts. Gadget authors should remember that users' browsers may not support it, so it should be used appropriately. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T343499]
* The deployment of &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add_a_link|Add a link]]&quot; announced [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/47|last week]] was postponed. It will resume this week.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/48|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W48&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:08, 27 November 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25906379 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-49 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W49&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/49|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The spacing between paragraphs on Vector 2022 has been changed from 7px to 14px to match the size of the text. This will make it easier to distinguish paragraphs from sentences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T351754]
* The &quot;{{int:Visualeditor-dialog-meta-categories-defaultsort-label}}&quot; feature in VisualEditor is working again. You no longer need to switch to source editing to edit &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{DEFAULTSORT:...}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; keywords. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337398]

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* On 6 December, people who have the enabled the preference for &quot;{{int:Discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}&quot; will notice the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|talk page usability improvements]] appear on pages that include the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;__NEWSECTIONLINK__&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; magic word. If you notice any issues, please [[phab:T352232|share them with the team on Phabricator]].

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Toolforge [[wikitech:News/Toolforge Grid Engine deprecation|Grid Engine shutdown process]] will start on December 14. Maintainers of [[toolforge:grid-deprecation|tools that still use this old system]] should plan to migrate to Kubernetes, or tell the team your plans on Phabricator in the task about your tool, before that date. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/VIWWQKMSQO2ED3TVUR7KPPWRTOBYBVOA/]
* Communities using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions|Structured Discussions]] are being contacted regarding [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|the upcoming deprecation of Structured Discussions]]. You can read more about this project, and share your comments, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|on the project's page]].

'''Events'''
* Registration &amp; Scholarship applications are now open for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2024|Wikimedia Hackathon 2024]] that will take place from 3–5 May in Tallinn, Estonia. Scholarship applications are open until 5 January 2024.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/49|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W49&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:50, 4 December 2023 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2023-50 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W50&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/50|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* On Wikimedia Commons, there are some minor user-interface improvements for the &quot;choosing own vs not own work&quot; step in the UploadWizard. This is part of the Structured Content team's project of [[:commons:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements|improving UploadWizard on Commons]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352707][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352709]

'''Problems'''
* There was a problem showing the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Personalized first day/Newcomer homepage|Newcomer homepage]] feature with the &quot;impact module&quot; and their page-view graphs, for a few days in early December. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352352][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352349]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=]] The [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/796964 2023 Developer Satisfaction Survey] is seeking the opinions of the Wikimedia developer community. Please take the survey if you have any role in developing software for the Wikimedia ecosystem. The survey is open until 5 January 2024, and has an associated [[foundation:Legal:December_2023_Developer_Satisfaction_Survey|privacy statement]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/50|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W50&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 02:12, 12 December 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25945501 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-51 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W51&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/51|Translations]] are available.

'''Tech News'''
* The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 8 January 2024 because of [[w:en:Christmas and holiday season|the holidays]].

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). There is no new MediaWiki version next week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* Starting December 18, it won't be possible to activate Structured Discussions on a user's own talk page using the Beta feature. The Beta feature option remains available for users who want to deactivate Structured Discussions. This is part of [[mw:Structured Discussions/Deprecation|Structured Discussions' deprecation work]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248309] 
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] There will be full support for redirects in the Module namespace. The &quot;Move Page&quot; feature will leave an appropriate redirect behind, and such redirects will be appropriately recognized by the software (e.g. hidden from [[{{#special:UnconnectedPages}}]]). There will also be support for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Renaming or moving modules|manual redirects]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T120794]

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The MediaWiki JavaScript documentation is moving to a new format. During the move, you can read the old docs using [https://doc.wikimedia.org/mediawiki-core/REL1_41/js/ version 1.41]. Feedback about [https://doc.wikimedia.org/mediawiki-core/master/js/ the new site] is welcome on the [[mw:Talk:JSDoc_WMF_theme|project talk page]].
* The Wishathon is a new initiative that encourages collaboration across the Wikimedia community to develop solutions for wishes collected through the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]]. The first community Wishathon will take place from 15–17 March. If you are interested in a project proposal as a user, developer, designer, or product lead, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:WishathonMarch2024|register for the event and read more]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/51|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W51&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 16:17, 18 December 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25959059 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2024-02 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W02&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/02|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [https://mediawiki2latex.wmflabs.org/ mediawiki2latex] is a tool that converts wiki content into the formats of LaTeX, PDF, ODT, and EPUB. The code now runs many times faster due to recent improvements. There is also an optional Docker container you can [[b:de:Benutzer:Dirk_Hünniger/wb2pdf/install#Using_Docker|install]] on your local machine.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The way that Random pages are selected has been updated. This will slowly reduce the problem of some pages having a lower chance of appearing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T309477]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/02|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W02&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:19, 9 January 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26026251 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2024-03 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W03&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/03|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Pages that use the JSON [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:ContentHandler|contentmodel]] will now use tabs instead of spaces for auto-indentation. This will significantly reduce the page size. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326065]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] and personal user scripts may now use JavaScript syntax introduced in ES6 (also known as &quot;ES2015&quot;) and ES7 (&quot;ES2016&quot;). MediaWiki validates the source code to protect other site functionality from syntax errors, and to ensure scripts are valid in all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Compatibility#Browsers|supported browsers]]. Previously, Gadgets could use the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;requiresES6&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; option. This option is no longer needed and will be removed in the future. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T75714]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Bot passwords|Bot passwords]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/Owner-only consumers|owner-only OAuth consumers]] can now be restricted to allow editing only specific pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T349957]
* You can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Thanks|thank]] edits made by bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341388]
* An update on the status of the Community Wishlist Survey for 2024 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Future Of The Wishlist/January 4, 2024 Update|has been published]]. Please read and give your feedback.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.14|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* Starting on January 17, it will not be possible to login to Wikimedia wikis from some specific old versions of the Chrome browser (versions 51–66, released between 2016 and 2018). Additionally, users of iOS 12, or Safari on Mac OS 10.14, may need to login to each wiki separately. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344791]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;jquery.cookie&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; module was deprecated and replaced with the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mediawiki.cookie&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; module last year. A script has now been run to replace any remaining uses, and this week the temporary alias will be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354966]

'''Future changes'''
* Wikimedia Deutschland is working to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Reusing references|make reusing references easier]]. They are looking for people who are interested in participating in [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/User-research-into-Reusing-References-Sign-up-Form-2024/en/ individual video calls for user research in January and February].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/03|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W03&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:13, 16 January 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26074460 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2024-04 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W04&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/04|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* A bug in UploadWizard prevented linking to the userpage of the uploader when uploading. It has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354529]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/04|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W04&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:03, 23 January 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26096197 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2024-05 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W05&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/05|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Starting Monday January 29, all talk pages messages' timestamps will become a link. This link is a permanent link to the comment. It allows users to find the comment they are looking for, even if this comment was moved elsewhere. This will affect all wikis except for the English Wikipedia. You can read more about this change [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/01/29/talk-page-permalinks-dont-lose-your-threads/ on Diff] or [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Talk_pages_permalinking|on Mediawiki.org]].&lt;!-- The Diff post will be published on Monday morning UTC--&gt; [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T302011]
* There are some improvements to the CAPTCHA to make it harder for spam bots and scripts to bypass it. If you have feedback on this change, please comment on [[phab:T141490|the task]]. Staff are monitoring metrics related to the CAPTCHA, as well as secondary metrics such as account creations and edit counts.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-31|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] On February 1, a link will be added to the &quot;Tools&quot; menu to download a [[w:en:QR code|QR code]] that links to the page you are viewing. There will also be a new [[{{#special:QrCode}}]] page to create QR codes for any Wikimedia URL. This addresses the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Mobile and apps/Add ability to share QR code for a page in any Wikimedia project|#19 most-voted wish]] from the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Results|2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329973]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] which only work in some skins have sometimes used the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;targets&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; option to limit where you can use them. This will stop working this week. You should use the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;skins&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; option instead. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328497]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/05|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W05&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:31, 29 January 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26137870 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2024-06 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W06&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/06|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
*The mobile site history pages now use the same HTML as the desktop history pages. If you hear of any problems relating to mobile history usage please point them to [[phab:T353388|the phabricator task]].
*On most wikis, admins can now block users from making specific actions. These actions are: uploading files, creating new pages, moving (renaming) pages, and sending thanks. The goal of this feature is to allow admins to apply blocks that are adequate to the blocked users' activity. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community health initiative/Partial blocks#action-blocks|Learn more about &quot;action blocks&quot;]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T242541][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T280531]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* Talk pages permalinks that included diacritics and non-Latin script were malfunctioning. This issue is fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356199]

'''Future changes'''
* [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#24WPs|24 Wikipedias]] with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference_Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] as a default gadget are encouraged to remove that default flag. This would make [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference_Previews|Reference Previews]] the new default for reference popups, leading to a more consistent experience across wikis. For [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#46WPs|46 Wikipedias]] with less than 4 interface admins, the change is already scheduled for mid-February, [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Reference Previews to become the default for previewing references on more wikis.|unless there are concerns]]. The older Reference Tooltips gadget will still remain usable and will override this feature, if it is available on your wiki and you have enabled it in your settings. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Reference_Previews_to_become_the_default_for_previewing_references_on_more_wikis][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355312]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/06|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W06&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:22, 5 February 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26180971 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2024-07 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W07&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/07|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
*  The [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|WDQS Graph Split experiment]] is working and loaded onto 3 test servers. The team in charge is testing the split's impact and requires feedback from WDQS users through the UI or programmatically in different channels. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata_talk:SPARQL_query_service/WDQS_graph_split][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356773][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/User:Sannita_(WMF)] Users' feedback will validate the impact of various use cases and workflows around the Wikidata Query service. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:SPARQL_query_service/WDQS_backend_update/October_2023_scaling_update][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikidata_Query_Service/User_Manual#Federation]

'''Problems'''
*There was a bug that affected the appearance of visited links when using mobile device to access wiki sites. It made the links appear black; [[phab:T356928|this issue]] is fixed.  

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-13|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-14|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-15|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] As work continues on the grid engine deprecation,[https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/Toolforge_Grid_Engine_deprecation] tools on the grid engine will be stopped starting on February 14th, 2024. If you have tools actively migrating you can ask for an extension so they are not stopped. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Portal:Toolforge/About_Toolforge#Communication_and_support] 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/07|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W07&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 05:48, 13 February 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26223994 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2024-08 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W08&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/08|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* If you have the &quot;{{int:Tog-enotifwatchlistpages}}&quot; option enabled, edits by bot accounts no longer trigger notification emails. Previously, only minor edits would not trigger the notification emails. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356984]
* There are changes to how user and site scripts load for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector/2022| Vector 2022]] on specific wikis. The changes impacted the following Wikis: all projects with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector|Vector legacy]] as the default skin, Wikivoyage, and Wikibooks. Other wikis will be affected over the course of the next three months. Gadgets are not impacted. If you have been affected or want to minimize the impact on your project, see [[Phab:T357580| this ticket]]. Please coordinate and take action proactively.
*Newly auto-created accounts (the accounts you get when you visit a new wiki) now have the same local notification preferences as users who freshly register on that wiki. It is effected in four notification types listed in the [[phab:T353225|task's description]].
*The maximum file size when using [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Upload_Wizard|Upload Wizard]] is now 5 GiB. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191804]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-20|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-21|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-22|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Selected tools on the grid engine have been [[wikitech:News/Toolforge_Grid_Engine_deprecation|stopped]] as we prepare to shut down the grid on March 14th, 2024. The tool's code and data have not been deleted. If you are a maintainer and you want your tool re-enabled reach out to the [[wikitech:Portal:Toolforge/About_Toolforge#Communication_and_support|team]]. Only tools that have asked for extension are still running on the grid.
* The CSS &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/filter filter]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; property can now be used in HTML &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;style&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; attributes in wikitext. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308160]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/08|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W08&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 15:36, 19 February 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26254282 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2024-09 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W09&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/09|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor_on_mobile|mobile visual editor]] is now the default editor for users who never edited before, at a small group of wikis. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor_on_mobile/VE_mobile_default#A/B_test_results| Research ]] shows that users using this editor are slightly more successful publishing the edits they started, and slightly less successful publishing non-reverted edits. Users who defined the wikitext editor as their default on desktop will get the wikitext editor on mobile for their first edit on mobile as well. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352127]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ResourceLoader/Core modules#mw.config|mw.config]] value &lt;code&gt;wgGlobalGroups&lt;/code&gt; now only contains groups that are active in the wiki. Scripts no longer have to check whether the group is active on the wiki via an API request. A code example of the above is: &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;if (/globalgroupname/.test(mw.config.get(&quot;wgGlobalGroups&quot;)))&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356008]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-27|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-28|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-29|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''Future changes'''
* The right to change [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Tags|edit tags]] (&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;changetags&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;) will be removed from users in Wikimedia sites, keeping it by default for admins and bots only. Your community can ask to retain the old configuration on your wiki before this change happens. Please indicate in [[phab:T355639|this ticket]] to keep it for your community before the end of March 2024.
'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/09|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W09&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:23, 26 February 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26294125 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2024-10 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W10&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/10|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;Special:Book&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; page (as well as the associated &quot;Create a book&quot; functionality) provided by the old [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Collection|Collection extension]] has been removed from all Wikisource wikis, as it was broken. This does not affect the ability to download normal books, which is provided by the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Wikisource|Wikisource extension]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358437]
* [[m:Wikitech|Wikitech]] now uses the next-generation [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] wikitext parser by default to generate all pages in the Talk namespace.  Report any problems on the [[mw:Talk:Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Known_Issues|Known Issues discussion page]]. You can use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ParserMigration|ParserMigration]] extension to control the use of Parsoid; see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|ParserMigration help documentation]] for more details.
* Maintenance on [https://etherpad.wikimedia.org etherpad] is completed. If you encounter any issues, please indicate in [[phab:T316421|this ticket]].
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=| Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] allow interface admins to create custom features with CSS and JavaScript. The &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;Gadget&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;Gadget_definition&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; namespaces and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;gadgets-definition-edit&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; user right were reserved for an experiment in 2015, but were never used. These were visible on Special:Search and Special:ListGroupRights. The unused namespaces and user rights are now removed. No pages are moved, and no changes need to be made. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T31272]
* A usability improvement to the &quot;Add a citation&quot; in Wikipedia workflow has been made, the insert button was moved to the popup header. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354847]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-05|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-06|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-07|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''Future changes'''
*  All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 20. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358233]
* The HTML markup of headings and section edit links will be changed later this year to improve accessibility. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Heading_HTML_changes|Heading HTML changes]] for details. The new markup will be the same as in the new Parsoid wikitext parser. You can test your gadget or stylesheet with the new markup if you add &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;?useparsoid=1&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; to your URL ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration#Selecting_a_parser_using_a_URL_query_string|more info]]) or turn on Parsoid read views in your user options ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration#Enabling_via_user_preference|more info]]).
*

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/10|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W10&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:47, 4 March 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26329807 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2024-11 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W11&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/11|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* After consulting with various communities, the line height of the text on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva skin]] will be increased to its previous value of 1.65. Different options for typography can also be set using the options in the menu, as needed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358498]
*The active link color in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva]] will be changed to provide more consistency with our other platforms and best practices. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358516]
* [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Structured data|Structured data on Commons]] will no longer ask whether you want to leave the page without saving. This will prevent the “information you’ve entered may not be saved” popups from appearing when no information have been entered. It will also make file pages on Commons load faster in certain cases. However, the popups will be hidden even if information has indeed been entered. If you accidentally close the page before saving the structured data you entered, that data will be lost. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312315]

'''Future changes'''
* All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 20. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358233][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/11|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W11&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:04, 11 March 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26374013 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2024-12 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W12&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/12|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The notice &quot;Language links are at the top of the page&quot; that appears in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector/2022|Vector 2022 skin]] main menu has been removed now that users have learned the new location of the Language switcher. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T353619]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP_Editing:_Privacy_Enhancement_and_Abuse_Mitigation/IP_Info_feature|IP info feature]] displays data from Spur, an IP addresses database. Previously, the only data source for this feature was MaxMind. Now, IP info is more useful for patrollers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341395]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Toolforge Grid Engine services have been shut down after the final migration process from Grid Engine to Kubernetes. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Obsolete:Toolforge/Grid][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/Toolforge_Grid_Engine_deprecation][https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2022/03/14/toolforge-and-grid-engine/]
* Communities can now customize the default reasons for undeleting a page by creating [[MediaWiki:Undelete-comment-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326746]

'''Problems'''
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/RevisionSlider|RevisionSlider]] is an interface to interactively browse a page's history. Users in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:RevisionSlider/Developing_a_RTL-accessible_feature_in_MediaWiki_-_what_we%27ve_learned_while_creating_the_RevisionSlider|right-to-left]] languages reported RevisionSlider reacting wrong to mouse clicks. This should be fixed now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352169]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 20. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1710943200 14:00 UTC]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358233][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/12|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W12&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 17:39, 18 March 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26410165 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2024-13 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W13&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/13|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] An update was made on March 18th 2024 to how various projects load site, user JavaScript and CSS in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector/2022|Vector 2022 skin]]. A [[phab:T360384|checklist]] is provided for site admins to follow.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.24|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/13|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W13&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 18:56, 25 March 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26446209 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2024-14 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W14&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/14|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Users of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading|reading accessibility]] beta feature will notice that the default line height for the standard and large text options has changed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359030]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''Future changes'''
* The Wikimedia Foundation has an annual plan. The annual plan decides what the Wikimedia Foundation will work on. You can now read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product &amp; Technology OKRs#Draft Key Results|the draft key results]] for the Product and Technology department. They are suggestions for what results the Foundation wants from big technical changes from July 2024 to June 2025. You can [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|comment on the talk page]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/14|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W14&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 03:36, 2 April 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26462933 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2024-15 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W15&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/15|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Web browsers can use tools called [[:w:en:Browser extension|extensions]]. There is now a Chrome extension called [[m:Future Audiences/Experiment:Citation Needed|Citation Needed]] which you can use to see if an online statement is supported by a Wikipedia article. This is a small experiment to see if Wikipedia can be used this way. Because it is a small experiment, it can only be used in Chrome in English.
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] A new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit Recovery|Edit Recovery]] feature has been added to all wikis, available as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|user preference]]. Once you enable it, your in-progress edits will be stored in your web browser, and if you accidentally close an editing window or your browser or computer crashes, you will be prompted to recover the unpublished text. Please leave any feedback on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Edit-recovery feature|project talk page]]. This was the #8 wish in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey.
* Initial results of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]] experiments [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check#4_April_2024|have been published]]. Edit Check is now deployed as a default feature at [[phab:T342930#9538364|the wikis that tested it]]. [[mw:Talk:Edit check|Let us know]] if you want your wiki to be part of the next deployment of Edit check. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342930][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361727]
* Readers using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva skin]] on mobile will notice there has been an improvement in the line height across all typography settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359029]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* New accounts and logged-out users will get the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor|visual editor]] as their default editor on mobile. This deployment is made at all wikis except for the English Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361134]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/15|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W15&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:37, 8 April 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26564838 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2024-16 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W16&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/16|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* Between 2 April and 8 April, on wikis using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|Flagged Revisions]], the &quot;{{Int:tag-mw-reverted}}&quot; tag was not applied to undone edits. In addition, page moves, protections and imports were not autoreviewed. This problem is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361918][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361940]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#DEFAULTSORT|Default category sort keys]] will now affect categories added by templates placed in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Cite|footnotes]]. Previously footnotes used the page title as the default sort key even if a different default sort key was specified (category-specific sort keys already worked). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T40435]
* A new variable &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;page_last_edit_age&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; will be added to [[Special:AbuseFilter|abuse filters]]. It tells how many seconds ago the last edit to a page was made. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T269769]

'''Future changes'''
* Volunteer developers are kindly asked to update the code of their tools and features to handle [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/2024-04 CTA|Learn more]].
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Four database fields will be removed from database replicas (including [[quarry:|Quarry]]). This affects only the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;abuse_filter&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;abuse_filter_history&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; tables. Some queries might need to be updated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361996]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/16|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W16&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:29, 15 April 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26564838 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2024-17 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W17&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/17|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Starting this week, newcomers editing Wikipedia [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Positive reinforcement#Leveling up 3|will be encouraged]] to try structured tasks. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary#Newcomer tasks|Structured tasks]] have been shown to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Personalized first day/Structured tasks/Add a link/Experiment analysis, December 2021|improve newcomer activation and retention]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348086]
* You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|nominate your favorite tools]] for the fifth edition of the Coolest Tool Award. Nominations will be open until May 10. 

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''Future changes'''
* This is the last warning that by the end of May 2024 the Vector 2022 skin will no longer share site and user scripts/styles with old Vector. For user-scripts that you want to keep using on Vector 2022, copy the contents of [[{{#special:MyPage}}/vector.js]] to [[{{#special:MyPage}}/vector-2022.js]]. There are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Loading Vector 2010 scripts|more technical details]] available. Interface administrators who foresee this leading to lots of technical support questions may wish to send a mass message to your community, as was done on French Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T362701]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/17|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W17&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:28, 22 April 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26647188 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2024-18 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W18&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/18|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''

[[File:Talk_pages_default_look_(April_2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]]
* The appearance of talk pages changed for the following wikis: {{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-thwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-viwiki/en}}. These wikis participated to a test, where 50% of users got the new design, for one year. As this test [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Analysis|gave positive results]], the new design is deployed on these wikis as the default design. It is possible to opt-out these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in user preferences]] (&quot;{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}&quot;). The deployment will happen at all wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341491]
* Seven new wikis have been created: 
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q33014|Betawi]] ([[w:bew:|&lt;code&gt;w:bew:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357866]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35708|Kusaal]] ([[w:kus:|&lt;code&gt;w:kus:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359757]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35513|Igala]] ([[w:igl:|&lt;code&gt;w:igl:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361644]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary}} in [[d:Q33541|Karakalpak]] ([[wikt:kaa:|&lt;code&gt;wikt:kaa:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T362135]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q9228|Burmese]] ([[s:my:|&lt;code&gt;s:my:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361085]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q9237|Malay]] ([[s:ms:|&lt;code&gt;s:ms:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363039]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q8108|Georgian]] ([[s:ka:|&lt;code&gt;s:ka:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363085]
* You can now [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Support#Early_access:_Watch_Message_Groups_on_Translatewiki.net watch message groups/projects] on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/translatewiki.net|Translatewiki.net]]. Initially, this feature will notify you of added or deleted messages in these groups. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348501]
* Dark mode is now available on all wikis, on mobile web for logged-in users who opt into the [[Special:MobileOptions|advanced mode]]. This is the early release of the feature. Technical editors are invited to [https://night-mode-checker.wmcloud.org/ check for accessibility issues on wikis]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-04|more detailed guidelines]].

'''Problems'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps can use an alternative visual style without labels, by using &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;mapstyle=&quot;osm&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. This wasn't working in previews, creating the wrong impression that it wasn't supported. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T362531]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/18|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W18&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 03:33, 30 April 2024 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2024-19 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W19&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
[[File:Talk_pages_default_look_(April_2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]]
* The appearance of talk pages changed for all wikis, except for Commons, Wikidata and most Wikipedias ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/18|a few]] have already received this design change). You can read the detail of the changes [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. It is possible to opt-out these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in user preferences]] (&quot;{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}&quot;). The deployment will happen at remaining wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352087][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319146]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Interface admins now have greater control over the styling of article components on mobile with the introduction of the &lt;code&gt;SiteAdminHelper&lt;/code&gt;. More information on how styles can be disabled can be found [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:WikimediaMessages#Site_admin_helper|at the extension's page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363932]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] has added article body sections in JSON format and a curated short description field to the existing parsed Infobox. This expansion to the API is also available via Wikimedia Cloud Services. [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/article-sections-and-description/]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* When you look at the Special:Log page, the first view is labelled &quot;All public logs&quot;, but it only shows some logs. This label will now say &quot;Main public logs&quot;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T237729]

'''Future changes'''
* A new service will be built to replace [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Extension:Graph]]. Details can be found in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph/Plans|the latest update]] regarding this extension.
* Starting May 21, English Wikipedia and German Wikipedia will get the possibility to activate &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot;. This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to all Wikipedias]]. These communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|activate and configure the feature locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308144]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W19&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 16:44, 6 May 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26729363 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2024-20 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W20&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/20|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* On Wikisource there is a special page listing pages of works without corresponding scan images. Now you can use the new magic word &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;__EXPECTWITHOUTSCANS__&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; to exclude certain pages (list of editions or translations of works) from that list. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344214]
* If you use the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|user-preference]] &quot;{{int:tog-uselivepreview}}&quot;, then the template-page feature &quot;{{int:Templatesandbox-editform-legend}}&quot; will now also work without reloading the page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T136907]
* [[mw:Special:Mylanguage/Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps can now specify an alternative text via the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;alt=&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; attribute. This is identical in usage to the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;alt=&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; attribute in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Images#Syntax|image and gallery syntax]]. An exception for this feature is wikis like Wikivoyage where the miniature maps are interactive. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328137]
* The old [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GuidedTour|Guided Tour]] for the &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit Review Improvements/New filters for edit review|New Filters for Edit Review]]&quot; feature has been removed. It was created in 2017 to show people with older accounts how the interface had changed, and has now been seen by most of the intended people. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T217451]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[{{#special:search}}]] results page will now use CSS flex attributes, for better accessibility, instead of a table. If you have a gadget or script that adjusts search results, you should update your script to the new HTML structure. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320295]

'''Future changes'''
* In the Vector 2022 skin, main pages will be displayed at full width (like special pages). The goal is to keep the number of characters per line large enough. This is related to the coming changes to typography in Vector 2022. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357706]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Two columns of the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:pagelinks table|pagelinks]]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; database table (&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;pl_namespace&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;pl_title&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;) are being dropped soon. Users must use two columns of the new &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;[[mw:special:MyLanguage/Manual:linktarget table|linktarget]]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; table instead (&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;lt_namespace&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;lt_title&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;). In your existing SQL queries:
*# Replace &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;JOIN pagelinks&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;JOIN linktarget&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;pl_&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;lt_&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; in the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;ON&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; statement
*# Below that add &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;JOIN pagelinks ON lt_id = pl_target_id&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;
** See &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[phab:T222224]]&lt;/bdi&gt; for technical reasoning. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T222224][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T299947]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/20|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W20&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:58, 13 May 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26762074 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2024-21 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W21&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/21|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Nuke]] feature, which enables administrators to mass delete pages, will now correctly delete pages which were moved to another title. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T43351]
* New changes have been made to the UploadWizard in Wikimedia Commons: the overall layout has been improved, by following new styling and spacing for the form and its fields; the headers and helper text for each of the fields was changed; the Caption field is now a required field, and there is an option for users to copy their caption into the media description. [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:WMF_support_for_Commons/Upload_Wizard_Improvements#Changes_to_%22Describe%22_workflow][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361049]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]]  The HTML used to render all headings [[mw:Heading_HTML_changes|is being changed to improve accessibility]]. It will change on 22 May in some skins (Timeless, Modern, CologneBlue, Nostalgia, and Monobook). Please test gadgets on your wiki on these skins and [[phab:T13555|report any related problems]] so that they can be resolved before this change is made in all other skins. The developers are also considering the introduction of a [[phab:T337286|Gadget API for adding buttons to section titles]] if that would be helpful to tool creators, and would appreciate any input you have on that.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/21|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W21&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:04, 20 May 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26786311 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2024-22 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W22&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/22|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Several bugs related to the latest updates to the UploadWizard on Wikimedia Commons have been fixed. For more information, see [[:phab:T365107|T365107]] and [[:phab:T365119|T365119]].
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] In March 2024 a new [[mw:ResourceLoader/Core_modules#addPortlet|addPortlet]] API was added to allow gadgets to create new portlets (menus) in the skin. In certain skins this can be used to create dropdowns. Gadget developers are invited to try it and [[phab:T361661|give feedback]].
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Some CSS in the Minerva skin has been removed to enable easier community configuration. Interface editors should check the rendering on mobile devices for aspects related to the classes: &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;.collapsible&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;.multicol&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;.reflist&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;.coordinates&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;.topicon&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. [[phab:T361659|Further details are available on replacement CSS]] if it is needed.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* When you visit a wiki where you don't yet have a local account, local rules such as edit filters can sometimes prevent your account from being created. Starting this week, MediaWiki takes your global rights into account when evaluating whether you can override such local rules. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316303]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/22|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W22&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:15, 28 May 2024 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2024-23 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W23&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/23|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* It is now possible for local administrators to add new links to the bottom of the site Tools menu without JavaScript. [[mw:Manual:Interface/Sidebar#Add or remove toolbox sections|Documentation is available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6086]
* The message name for the definition of the tracking category of WikiHiero has changed from &quot;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;MediaWiki:Wikhiero-usage-tracking-category&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;&quot; to &quot;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;MediaWiki:Wikihiero-usage-tracking-category&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;&quot;. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/wikihiero/+/1035855]
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q5317225|Kadazandusun]] ([[w:dtp:|&lt;code&gt;w:dtp:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365220]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''Future changes'''
* Next week, on wikis with the Vector 2022 skin as the default, logged-out desktop users will be able to choose between different font sizes. The default font size will also be increased for them. This is to make Wikimedia projects easier to read. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-06 deployments|Learn more]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/23|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W23&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:35, 3 June 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26844397 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2024-24 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W24&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/24|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The software used to render SVG files has been updated to a new version, fixing many longstanding bugs in SVG rendering. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265549]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML used to render all headings [[mw:Heading HTML changes|is being changed to improve accessibility]]. It was changed last week in some skins (Vector legacy and Minerva). Please test gadgets on your wiki on these skins and [[phab:T13555|report any related problems]] so that they can be resolved before this change is made in Vector-2022. The developers are still considering the introduction of a [[phab:T337286|Gadget API for adding buttons to section titles]] if that would be helpful to tool creators, and would appreciate any input you have on that.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML markup used for citations by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] changed last week. In places where Parsoid previously added the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mw-reference-text&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; class, Parsoid now also adds the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;reference-text&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; class for better compatibility with the legacy parser. [[mw:Specs/HTML/2.8.0/Extensions/Cite/Announcement|More details are available]]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/1036705]

'''Problems'''
* There was a bug with the Content Translation interface that caused the tools menus to appear in the wrong location. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366374]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The new version of MediaWiki includes another change to the HTML markup used for citations: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] will now generate a &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-cite-backlink&quot;&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; wrapper for both named and unnamed references for better compatibility with the legacy parser. Interface administrators should verify that gadgets that interact with citations are compatible with the new markup. [[mw:Specs/HTML/2.8.0/Extensions/Cite/Announcement|More details are available]]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/1035809] 
* On multilingual wikis that use the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;translate&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; system, there is a feature that shows potentially-outdated translations with a pink background until they are updated or confirmed. From this week, confirming translations will be logged, and there is a new user-right that can be required for confirming translations if the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|requests it]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T49177]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/24|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W24&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:20, 10 June 2024 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2024-25 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W25&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/25|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* People who attempt to add an external link in the visual editor will now receive immediate feedback if they attempt to link to a domain that a project has decided to block. Please see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check#11_June_2024|Edit check]] for more details. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366751]
* The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CommunityConfiguration|Community Configuration extension]] is available [[testwiki:Special:CommunityConfiguration|on Test Wikipedia]]. This extension allows communities to customize specific features to meet their local needs. Currently only Growth features are configurable, but the extension will support other [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community_configuration#Use_cases|Community Configuration use cases]] in the future. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T323811][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T360954]
* The dark mode [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] is now available on category and help pages, as well as more special pages. There may be contrast issues. Please report bugs on the [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading|project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366370]

'''Problems'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Cloud Services tools were not available for 25 minutes last week. This was caused by a faulty hardware cable in the data center. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2024-06-11_WMCS_Ceph]
* Last week, styling updates were made to the Vector 2022 skin. This caused unforeseen issues with templates, hatnotes, and images. Changes to templates and hatnotes were reverted. Most issues with images were fixed. If you still see any, [[phab:T367463|report them here]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367480]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* Starting June 18, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#ref|Reference Edit Check]] will be deployed to [[phab:T361843|a new set of Wikipedias]]. This feature is intended to help newcomers and to assist edit-patrollers by inviting people who are adding new content to a Wikipedia article to add a citation when they do not do so themselves. During [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check#Reference_Check_A/B_Test|a test at 11 wikis]], the number of citations added [https://diff.wikimedia.org/?p=127553 more than doubled] when Reference Check was shown to people. Reference Check is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Configuration|community configurable]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361843]&lt;!-- NOTE: THE DIFF BLOG WILL BE PUBLISHED ON MONDAY --&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mailing_lists|Mailing lists]] will be unavailable for roughly two hours on Tuesday 10:00–12:00 UTC. This is to enable migration to a new server and upgrade its software. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367521]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/25|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W25&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:48, 17 June 2024 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2024-26 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W26&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/26|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Editors will notice that there have been some changes to the background color of text in the diff view, and the color of the byte-change numbers, last week. These changes are intended to make text more readable in both light mode and dark mode, and are part of a larger effort to increase accessibility. You can share your comments or questions [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading|on the project talkpage]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361717]
* The text colors that are used for visited-links, hovered-links, and active-links, were also slightly changed last week to improve their accessibility in both light mode and dark mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366515]

'''Problems'''
* You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Talk pages permalinking|copy permanent links to talk page comments]] by clicking on a comment's timestamp. [[mw:Talk pages project/Permalinks|This feature]] did not always work when the topic title was very long and the link was used as a wikitext link. This has been fixed. Thanks to Lofhi for submitting the bug. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356196]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.11|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* Starting 26 June, all talk pages messages' timestamps will become a link at English Wikipedia, making this feature available for you to use at all wikis. This link is a permanent link to the comment. It allows users to find the comment they were linked to, even if this comment has since been moved elsewhere. You can read more about this feature [[DiffBlog:/2024/01/29/talk-page-permalinks-dont-lose-your-threads/|on Diff]] or [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Talk pages permalinking|on Mediawiki.org]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365974]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/26|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W26&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:32, 24 June 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26989424 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2024-27 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W27&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/27|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Over the next three weeks, dark mode will become available for all users, both logged-in and logged-out, starting with the mobile web version. This fulfils one of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey_2023/Reading/Dark_mode|top-requested community wishes]], and improves low-contrast reading and usage in low-light settings. As part of these changes, dark mode will also work on User-pages and Portals. There is more information in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading/Updates#June_2024:_Typography_and_dark_mode_deployments,_new_global_preferences|the latest Web team update]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366364]
* Logged-in users can now set [[m:Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering-skin-skin-prefs|global preferences for the text-size and dark-mode]], thanks to a combined effort across Foundation teams. This allows Wikimedians using multiple wikis to set up a consistent reading experience easily, for example by switching between light and dark mode only once for all wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341278] 
* If you use a very old web browser some features might not work on the Wikimedia wikis. This affects Internet Explorer 11 and versions of Chrome, Firefox and Safari older than 2016. This change makes it possible to use new [[d:Q46441|CSS]] features and to send less code to all readers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T288287][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:How_to_make_a_MediaWiki_skin#Using_CSS_variables_for_supporting_different_themes_e.g._dark_mode]
* Wikipedia Admins can customize local wiki configuration options easily using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]]. Community Configuration was created to allow communities to customize how some features work, because each language wiki has unique needs. At the moment, admins can configure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature_summary|Growth features]] on their home wikis, in order to better recruit and retain new editors. More options will be provided in the coming months. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366458]
* Editors interested in language issues that are related to [[w:en:Unicode|Unicode standards]], can now discuss those topics at [[mw:Talk:WMF membership with Unicode Consortium|a new conversation space in MediaWiki.org]]. The Wikimedia Foundation is now a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/WMF membership with Unicode Consortium|member of the Unicode Consortium]], and the coordination group can collaboratively review the issues discussed and, where appropriate, bring them to the attention of the Unicode Consortium.
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q2891049|Mandailing]] ([[w:btm:|&lt;code&gt;w:btm:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368038] 

'''Problems'''
* Editors can once again click on links within the visual editor's citation-preview, thanks to a bug fix by the Editing Team. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368119]

'''Future changes'''
* Please [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/758713?lang=en help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey]. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 2 weeks. The survey is covered by [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Tech_News_Survey_2024_Privacy_Statement this privacy statement]. Some translations are available.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/27|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W27&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:59, 1 July 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=27038456 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2024-28 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W28&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/28|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* At the Wikimedia Foundation a new task force was formed to replace the disabled Graph with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project|more secure, easy to use, and extensible Chart]]. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Newsletter:Chart Project|subscribe to the newsletter]] to get notified about new project updates and other news about Chart.
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension is now available on Meta-wiki, Igbo Wikipedia, and Swahili Wikipedia, and can be requested on your wiki. This extension helps in managing and making events more visible, giving Event organizers the ability to use tools like the Event registration tool. To learn more about the deployment status and how to request this extension for your wiki, visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment_status|CampaignEvents page on Meta-wiki]]. 
* Editors using the iOS Wikipedia app who have more than 50 edits can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits#Add an image|Add an Image]] feature. This feature presents opportunities for small but useful contributions to Wikipedia.
* Thank you to [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Contributor retention and growth/Celebration|all of the authors]] who have contributed to MediaWiki Core. As a result of these contributions, the [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Contributor retention and growth|percentage of authors contributing more than 5 patches has increased by 25% since last year]], which helps ensure the sustainability of the platform for the Wikimedia projects.

'''Problems'''
* A problem with the color of the talkpage tabs always showing as blue, even for non-existent pages which should have been red, affecting the Vector 2022 skin, [[phab:T367982|has been fixed]]. 

'''Future changes'''
* The Trust and Safety Product team wants to introduce [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] with as little disruption to tools and workflows as possible. Volunteer developers, including gadget and user-script maintainers, are kindly asked to update the code of their tools and features to handle temporary accounts. The team has [[mw:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|created documentation]] explaining how to do the update. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/2024-04 CTA|Learn more]].

'''Tech News survey'''
* Please [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/758713?lang=en help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey]. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 1 more week. The survey is covered by [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Tech_News_Survey_2024_Privacy_Statement this privacy statement]. Some translations are available.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/28|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W28&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:31, 8 July 2024 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2024-29 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W29&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/29|Translations]] are available.

'''Tech News survey'''
* Please [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/758713?lang=en help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey]. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 3 more days. The survey is covered by [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Tech_News_Survey_2024_Privacy_Statement this privacy statement]. Some translations are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia developers can now officially continue to use both [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Gerrit|Gerrit]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]], due to a June 24 decision by the Wikimedia Foundation to support software development on both platforms. Gerrit and GitLab are both code repositories used by developers to write, review, and deploy the software code that supports the MediaWiki software that the wiki projects are built on, as well as the tools used by editors to create and improve content. This decision will safeguard the productivity of our developers and prevent problems in code review from affecting our users. More details are available in the [[mw:GitLab/Migration status|Migration status]] page.
* The Wikimedia Foundation seeks applicants for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC). This group will bring technical contributors and Wikimedia Foundation together to co-define a more resilient, future-proof technological platform. Council members will evaluate and consult on the movement's product and technical activities, so that we develop multi-generational projects. We are looking for a range of technical contributors across the globe, from a variety of Wikimedia projects. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal#Joining the PTAC as a technical volunteer|Please apply here by August 10]].
* Editors with rollback user-rights who use the Wikipedia App for Android can use the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Anti Vandalism|Edit Patrol]] features. These features include a new feed of Recent Changes, related links such as Undo and Rollback, and the ability to create and save a personal library of user talk messages to use while patrolling. If your wiki wants to make these features available to users who do not have rollback rights but have reached a certain edit threshold, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android#Contact us|you can contact the team]]. You can [[diffblog:2024/07/10/ِaddressing-vandalism-with-a-tap-the-journey-of-introducing-the-patrolling-feature-in-the-mobile-app/|read more about this project on Diff blog]].
* Editors who have access to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The_Wikipedia_Library|The Wikipedia Library]] can once again use non-open access content in SpringerLinks, after the Foundation [[phab:T368865|contacted]] them to restore access. You can read more about [[m:Tech/News/Recently_resolved_community_tasks|this and 21 other community-submitted tasks that were completed last week]]. 

'''Changes later this week'''
* This week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-07 deployments|dark mode will be available on a number of Wikipedias]], both desktop and mobile, for logged-in and logged-out users. Interface admins and user script maintainers are encouraged to check gadgets and user scripts in the dark mode, to find any hard-coded colors and fix them. There are some [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Recommendations for night mode compatibility on Wikimedia wikis|recommendations for dark mode compatibility]] to help.

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Next week, functionaries, volunteers maintaining tools, and software development teams are invited to test the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] feature on testwiki. Temporary accounts is a feature that will help improve privacy on the wikis. No further temporary account deployments are scheduled yet. Please [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|share your opinions and questions on the project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348895]
* Editors who upload files cross-wiki, or teach other people how to do so, may wish to join a Wikimedia Commons discussion. The Commons community is discussing limiting who can upload files through the cross-wiki upload/Upload dialog feature to users auto-confirmed on Wikimedia Commons. This is due to the large amount of copyright violations uploaded this way. There is a short summary at [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Cross-wiki upload|Commons:Cross-wiki upload]] and [[c:Commons:Village pump/Proposals#Deactivate cross-wiki uploads for new users|discussion at Commons:Village Pump]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/29|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' You can also get other news from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]].
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W29&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:31, 16 July 2024 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2024-30 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W30&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/30|Translations]] are available.

'''Feature News'''
* Stewards can now [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_blocks|globally block]] accounts. Before [[phab:T17294|the change]] only IP addresses and IP ranges could be blocked globally. Global account blocks are useful when the blocked user should not be logged out. [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_locks|Global locks]] (a similar tool logging the user out of their account) are unaffected by this change. The new global account block feature is related to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] project, which is a new type of user account that replaces IP addresses of unregistered editors that are no longer made public.
* Later this week, Wikimedia site users will notice that the Interface of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs]] (also known as &quot;Pending Changes&quot;) is improved and consistent with the rest of the MediaWiki interface and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Wikimedia's design system]]. The FlaggedRevs interface experience on mobile and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:MinervaNeue|Minerva skin]] was inconsistent before it was fixed and ported to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]] by the WMF Growth team and some volunteers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156]
*  Wikimedia site users can now submit account vanishing requests via [[m:Special:GlobalVanishRequest|GlobalVanishRequest]]. This feature is used when a contributor wishes to stop editing forever. It helps you hide your past association and edit to protect your privacy. Once processed, the account will be locked and renamed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367329]
* Have you tried monitoring and addressing vandalism in Wikipedia using your phone? [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/10/%d9%90addressing-vandalism-with-a-tap-the-journey-of-introducing-the-patrolling-feature-in-the-mobile-app/ A Diff blog post on Patrolling features in the Mobile App] highlights some of the new capabilities of the feature, including swiping through a feed of recent changes and a personal library of user talk messages for use when patrolling from your phone. 
* Wikimedia contributors and GLAM (galleries, libraries, archives, and museums) organisations can now learn and measure the impact Wikimedia Commons is having towards creating quality encyclopedic content using the [https://doc.wikimedia.org/generated-data-platform/aqs/analytics-api/reference/commons.html Commons Impact Metrics] analytics dashboard. The dashboard offers organizations analytics on things like monthly edits in a category, the most viewed files, and which Wikimedia articles are using Commons images. As a result of these new data dumps, GLAM organisation can more reliably measure their return on investment for programs bringing content into the digital Commons. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/19/commons-impact-metrics-now-available-via-data-dumps-and-api/]

'''Project Updates'''
*  Come share your ideas for improving the wikis on the newly reopened [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|Community Wishlist]]. The Community Wishlist is Wikimedia’s forum for volunteers to share ideas (called wishes) to improve how the wikis work. The new version of the wishlist is always open, works with both wikitext and Visual Editor, and allows wishes in any language.

'''Learn more'''
* Have you ever wondered how Wikimedia software works across over 300 languages? This is 253 languages more than the Google Chrome interface, and it's no accident. The Language and Product Localization Team at the Wikimedia Foundation supports your work by adapting all the tools and interfaces in the MediaWiki software so that contributors in our movement who translate pages and strings can translate them and have the sites in all languages. Read more about the team and their upcoming work on [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/17/building-towards-a-robust-multilingual-knowledge-ecosystem-for-the-wikimedia-movement/ Diff]. 
* How can Wikimedia build innovative and experimental products while maintaining such heavily used websites? A recent [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/09/on-the-value-of-experimentation/ blog post] by WMF staff Johan Jönsson highlights the work of the [[m:Future Audiences#Objectives and Key Results|WMF Future Audience initiative]], where the goal is not to build polished products but test out new ideas, such as a [[m:Future_Audiences/Experiments: conversational/generative AI|ChatGPT plugin]] and [[m:Future_Audiences/Experiment:Add a Fact|Add a Fact]], to help take Wikimedia into the future. 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/30|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' You can also get other news from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]].
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W30&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:04, 23 July 2024 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2024-31 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W31&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/31|Translations]] are available.

'''Feature news'''
* Editors using the Visual Editor in languages that use non-Latin characters for numbers, such as Hindi, Manipuri and Eastern Arabic, may notice some changes in the formatting of reference numbers. This is a side effect of preparing a new sub-referencing feature, and will also allow fixing some general numbering issues in Visual Editor. If you notice any related problems on your wiki, please share details at the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|project talkpage]].

'''Bugs status'''
* Some logged-in editors were briefly unable to edit or load pages last week. [[phab:T370304|These errors]] were mainly due to the addition of new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Linter|linter]] rules which led to caching problems. Fixes have been applied and investigations are continuing.
* Editors can use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/IP Info|IP Information tool]] to get information about IP addresses. This tool is available as a Beta Feature in your preferences. The tool was not available for a few days last week, but is now working again. Thank you to Shizhao for filing the bug report. You can read about that, and [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks#2024-07-25|28 other community-submitted tasks]] that were resolved last week.

'''Project updates'''
* There are new features and improvements to Phabricator from the Release Engineering and Collaboration Services teams, and some volunteers, including: the search systems, the new task creation system, the login systems, the translation setup which has resulted in support for more languages (thanks to Pppery), and fixes for many edge-case errors. You can [[phab:phame/post/view/316/iterative_improvements/|read details about these and other improvements in this summary]].
* There is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|update on the Charts project]]. The team has decided which visualization library to use, which chart types to start focusing on, and where to store chart definitions.
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} in [[d:Q9056|Czech]] ([[voy:cs:|&lt;code&gt;voy:cs:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370905] 

'''Learn more'''
* There is a [[diffblog:2024/07/26/the-journey-to-open-our-first-data-center-in-south-america/|new Wikimedia Foundation data center]] in São Paulo, Brazil which helps to reduce load times.
* There is new [[diffblog:2024/07/22/the-perplexing-process-of-uploading-images-to-wikipedia/|user research]] on problems with the process of uploading images.
* Commons Impact Metrics are [[diffblog:2024/07/19/commons-impact-metrics-now-available-via-data-dumps-and-api/|now available]] via data dumps and API.
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2024/July|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/31|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W31&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:10, 29 July 2024 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2024-32 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W32&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/32|Translations]] are available.

'''Feature news'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Two new parser functions will be available this week: &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic_words#dir|#dir]]&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic_words#bcp47|#bcp47]]&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. These will reduce the need for &lt;code&gt;Template:Dir&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;Template:BCP47&lt;/code&gt; on Commons and allow us to [[phab:T343131|drop 100 million rows]] from the &quot;what links here&quot; database. Editors at any wiki that use these templates, can help by replacing the templates with these new functions. The templates at Commons will be updated during the Hackathon at Wikimania. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359761][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366623]
* Communities can request the activation of the visual editor on entire namespaces where discussions sometimes happen (for instance ''Wikipedia:'' or ''Wikisource:'' namespaces) if they understand the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/FAQ#WPNS|known limitations]]. For discussions, users can already use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] in these namespaces.
* The tracking category &quot;Pages using Timeline&quot; has been renamed to &quot;Pages using the EasyTimeline extension&quot; [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3ATimeline-tracking-category&amp;namespace=8 in TranslateWiki]. Wikis that have created the category locally should rename their local creation to match.

'''Project updates'''
* Editors who help to organize WikiProjects and similar on-wiki collaborations, are invited to share ideas and examples of successful collaborations with the Campaigns and Programs teams. You can fill out [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/WikiProjects|a brief survey]] or share your thoughts [[m:Talk:Campaigns/WikiProjects|on the talkpage]]. The teams are particularly looking for details about successful collaborations on non-English wikis.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The new parser is being rolled out on {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} wikis over the next few months. The {{int:project-localized-name-enwikivoyage}} and {{int:project-localized-name-hewikivoyage}} were [[phab:T365367|switched]] to Parsoid last week. For more information, see [[mw:Parsoid/Parser_Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]].

'''Learn more'''
* There will be more than 200 sessions at Wikimania this week. Here is a summary of some of the [[diffblog:2024/08/05/interested-in-product-and-tech-here-are-some-wikimania-sessions-you-dont-want-to-miss/|key sessions related to the product and technology area]].
* The latest [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/07-02|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]] is available.
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2024/July|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available. It includes: New design previews for Translatable pages; Updates about MinT for Wiki Readers; the release of Translation dumps; and more.
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/31|Growth newsletter]] is available.
* The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/July 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/32|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W32&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:43, 5 August 2024 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2024-33 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W33&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/33|Translations]] are available.

'''Feature news'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] editors and maintainers can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Actions#Show a CAPTCHA|make a CAPTCHA show if a filter matches an edit]]. This allows communities to quickly respond to spamming by automated bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T20110]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards|Stewards]] can now specify if global blocks should prevent account creation. Before [[phab:T17273|this change]] by the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Trust and Safety Product]] Team, all global blocks would prevent account creation. This will allow stewards to reduce the unintended side-effects of global blocks on IP addresses.

'''Project updates'''
* [[wikitech:Help talk:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee#August_2024_committee_nominations|Nominations are open on Wikitech]] for new members to refresh the [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee|Toolforge standards committee]]. The committee oversees the Toolforge [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Right to fork policy|Right to fork policy]] and [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Abandoned tool policy|Abandoned tool policy]] among other duties. Nominations will remain open until at least 2024-08-26.
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q2880037|West Coast Bajau]] ([[w:bdr:|&lt;code&gt;w:bdr:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371757]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/33|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W33&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:21, 12 August 2024 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2024-34 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W34&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/34|Translations]] are available.

'''Feature news'''
* Editors who want to re-use references but with different details such as page numbers, will be able to do so by the end of 2024, using a new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Sub-referencing in a nutshell|sub-referencing]] feature. You can read more [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|about the project]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Test|how to test the prototype]].
* Editors using tracking categories to identify which pages use specific extensions may notice that six of the categories have been renamed to make them more easily understood and consistent. These categories are automatically added to pages that use specialized MediaWiki extensions. The affected names are for: [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Aintersection-category&amp;namespace=8 DynamicPageList], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Akartographer-tracking-category&amp;namespace=8 Kartographer], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Aphonos-tracking-category&amp;namespace=8 Phonos], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Arss-tracking-category&amp;namespace=8 RSS], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Ascore-use-category&amp;namespace=8 Score], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Awikihiero-usage-tracking-category&amp;namespace=8 WikiHiero]. Wikis that have created the category locally should rename their local creation to match. Thanks to Pppery for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347324]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Technical volunteers who edit modules and want to get a list of the categories used on a page, can now do so using the &lt;code&gt;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;categories&lt;/bdi&gt;&lt;/code&gt; property of &lt;code&gt;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Title objects|mw.title objects]]&lt;/bdi&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. This enables wikis to configure workflows such as category-specific edit notices. Thanks to SD001 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T50175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T85372]

'''Bugs status'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Your help is needed to check if any pages need to be moved or deleted. A maintenance script was run to clean up unreachable pages (due to Unicode issues or introduction of new namespaces/namespace aliases). The script tried to find appropriate names for the pages (e.g. by following the Unicode changes or by moving pages whose titles on Wikipedia start with &lt;code&gt;Talk:WP:&lt;/code&gt; so that their titles start with &lt;code&gt;Wikipedia talk:&lt;/code&gt;), but it may have failed for some pages, and moved them to &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[Special:PrefixIndex/T195546/]]&lt;/bdi&gt; instead. Your community should check if any pages are listed there, and move them to the correct titles, or delete them if they are no longer needed. A full log (including pages for which appropriate names could be found) is available in [[phab:P67388]].
* Editors who volunteer as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|mentors]] to newcomers on their wiki are once again able to access lists of potential mentees who they can connect with to offer help and guidance. This functionality was restored thanks to [[phab:T372164|a bug fix]]. Thank you to Mbch331 for filing the bug report. You can read about that, and 18 other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Project updates'''
* The application deadline for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal|Product &amp; Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC) has been extended to September 16. Members will help by providing advice to Foundation Product and Technology leadership on short and long term plans, on complex strategic problems, and help to get feedback from more contributors and technical communities. Selected members should expect to spend roughly 5 hours per month for the Council, during the one year pilot. Please consider applying, and spread the word to volunteers you think would make a positive contribution to the committee.

'''Learn more'''
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award#2024 Winners|2024 Coolest Tool Awards]] were awarded at Wikimania, in seven categories. For example, one award went to the ISA Tool, used for adding structured data to files on Commons, which was recently improved during the [[m:Event:Wiki Mentor Africa ISA Hackathon 2024|Wiki Mentor Africa Hackathon]]. You can see video demonstrations of each tool at the awards page. Congratulations to this year's recipients, and thank you to all tool creators and maintainers.
* The latest [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/08-01|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]] is available, and includes some highlights from Wikimania, an upcoming Language community meeting, and other news from the movement.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/34|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W34&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:54, 20 August 2024 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2024-35 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W35&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/35|Translations]] are available.

'''Feature news'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Administrators can now test the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] feature on test2wiki. This was done to allow cross-wiki testing of temporary accounts, for when temporary accounts switch between projects. The feature was enabled on testwiki a few weeks ago. No further temporary account deployments are scheduled yet. Temporary Accounts is a project to create a new type of user account that replaces IP addresses of unregistered editors which are no longer made public. Please [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|share your opinions and questions on the project talk page]].
* Later this week, editors at wikis that use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs]] (also known as &quot;Pending Changes&quot;) may notice that the indicators at the top of articles have changed. This change makes the system more consistent with the rest of the MediaWiki interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156]

'''Bugs status'''
* Editors who use the 2010 wikitext editor, and use the Character Insert buttons, will [[phab:T361465|no longer]] experience problems with the buttons adding content into the edit-summary instead of the edit-window. You can read more about that, and 26 other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Project updates'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Please review and vote on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas|Focus Areas]], which are groups of wishes that share a problem. Focus Areas were created for the newly reopened Community Wishlist, which is now open year-round for submissions. The first batch of focus areas are specific to moderator workflows, around welcoming newcomers, minimizing repetitive tasks, and prioritizing tasks. Once volunteers have reviewed and voted on focus areas, the Foundation will then review and select focus areas for prioritization.
* Do you have a project and are willing to provide a three (3) month mentorship for an intern? [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Outreachy|Outreachy]] is a twice a year program for people to participate in a paid internship that will start in December 2024 and end in early March 2025, and they need mentors and projects to work on. Projects can be focused on coding or non-coding (design, documentation, translation, research). See the Outreachy page for more details, and a list of past projects since 2013.

'''Learn more'''
* If you're curious about the product and technology improvements made by the Wikimedia Foundation last year, read [[diffblog:2024/08/21/wikimedia-foundation-product-technology-improving-the-user-experience/|this recent highlights summary on Diff]].
* To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out:
** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 2 - Community Configuration - Shaping On-Wiki Functionality Together.webm|Community Configuration - Shaping On-Wiki Functionality Together]] (55 mins) - about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]] project.
** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Belgrade - Day 1 - Future of MediaWiki. A sustainable platform to support a collaborative user base and billions of page views.webm|Future of MediaWiki. A sustainable platform to support a collaborative user base and billions of page views]] (30 mins) - an overview for both technical and non technical audiences, covering some of the challenges and open questions, related to the [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights|platform evolution, stewardship and developer experiences]] research.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/35|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W35&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:33, 26 August 2024 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2024-36 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W36&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/36|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Editors and volunteer developers interested in data visualisation can now test the new software for charts. Its early version is available on beta Commons and beta Wikipedia. This is an important milestone before making charts available on regular wikis. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|read more about this project update]] and help to test the charts.

'''Feature news'''
* Editors who use the [[{{#special:Unusedtemplates}}]] page can now filter out pages which are expected to be there permanently, such as sandboxes, test-cases, and templates that are always substituted. Editors can add the new magic word [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#EXPECTUNUSEDTEMPLATE|&lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;__EXPECTUNUSEDTEMPLATE__&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;]] to a template page to hide it from the listing. Thanks to Sophivorus and DannyS712 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184633]
* Editors who use the New Topic tool on discussion pages, will [[phab:T334163|now be reminded]] to add a section header, which should help reduce the quantity of newcomers who add sections without a header. You can read more about that, and {{formatnum:28}} other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].
* Last week, some Toolforge tools had occasional connection problems. The cause is still being investigated, but the problems have been resolved for now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373243]
* Translation administrators at multilingual wikis, when editing multiple translation units, can now easily mark which changes require updates to the translation. This is possible with the [[phab:T298852#10087288|new dropdown menu]].

'''Project updates'''
* A new draft text of a policy discussing the use of Wikimedia's APIs [[m:Special:MyLanguage/API Policy Update 2024|has been published on Meta-Wiki]]. The draft text does not reflect a change in policy around the APIs; instead, it is an attempt to codify existing API rules. Comments, questions, and suggestions are welcome on [[m:Talk:API Policy Update 2024|the proposed update’s talk page]] until September 13 or until those discussions have concluded.

'''Learn more'''
* To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out:
** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 2 - Charts, the successor of Graphs - A secure and extensible tool for data visualization.webm|Charts, the successor of Graphs - A secure and extensible tool for data visualization]] (25 mins) – about the above-mentioned Charts project.
** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 3 - State of Language Technology and Onboarding at Wikimedia.webm|State of Language Technology and Onboarding at Wikimedia]] (90 mins) – about some of the language tools that support Wikimedia sites, such as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|Content]]/[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation|Section Translation]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MinT|MinT]], and LanguageConverter; also the current state and future of languages onboarding. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368772]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/36|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W36&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:07, 3 September 2024 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2024-37 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W37&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/37|Translations]] are available.

'''Feature news'''
* Starting this week, the standard [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|syntax highlighter]] will receive new colors that make them compatible in dark mode. This is the first of many changes to come as part of a major upgrade to syntax highlighting. You can learn more about what's to come on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|help page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365311][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059]
* Editors of wikis using Wikidata will now be notified of only relevant Wikidata changes in their watchlist. This is because the Lua functions &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;entity:getSitelink()&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mw.wikibase.getSitelink(qid)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; will have their logic unified for tracking different aspects of sitelinks to reduce junk notifications from [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Projects/Watchlist Wikidata Sitelinks Tracking|inconsistent sitelinks tracking]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295356]

'''Project updates'''
*  Users of all Wikis will have access to Wikimedia sites as read-only for a few minutes on September 25, starting at 15:00 UTC. This is a planned datacenter switchover for maintenance purposes. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370962]
* Contributors of [[phab:T363538#10123348|11 Wikipedias]], including English will have a new &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;MOS&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; namespace added to their Wikipedias. This improvement ensures that links beginning with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;MOS:&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; (usually shortcuts to the [[w:en:Wikipedia:Manual of Style|Manual of Style]]) are not broken by [[w:en:Mooré|Mooré]] Wikipedia (language code &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mos&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363538]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/37|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W37&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 18:52, 9 September 2024 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2024-38 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W38&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/38|Translations]] are available.

'''Improvements and Maintenance'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Editors interested in templates can help by reading the latest Wishlist focus area, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template recall and discovery]], and share your feedback on the talkpage. This input helps the Community Tech team to decide the right technical approach to build. Everyone is also encouraged to continue adding [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|new wishes]].
* The new automated [[{{#special:NamespaceInfo}}]] page helps editors understand which [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Namespaces|namespaces]] exist on each wiki, and some details about how they are configured. Thanks to DannyS712 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263513]
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|References Check]] is a feature that encourages editors to add a citation when they add a new paragraph to a Wikipedia article. For a short time, the corresponding tag &quot;Edit Check (references) activated&quot; was erroneously being applied to some edits outside of the main namespace. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373692]
* It is now possible for a wiki community to change the order in which a page’s categories are displayed on their wiki. By default, categories are displayed in the order they appear in the wikitext. Now, wikis with a consensus to do so can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|request]] a configuration change to display them in alphabetical order. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373480]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Tool authors can now access ToolsDB's [[wikitech:Portal:Data Services#ToolsDB|public databases]] from both [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Quarry|Quarry]] and [[wikitech:Superset|Superset]]. Those databases have always been accessible to every [[wikitech:Portal:Toolforge|Toolforge]] user, but they are now more broadly accessible, as Quarry can be accessed by anyone with a Wikimedia account. In addition, Quarry's internal database can now be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Quarry#Querying Quarry's own database|queried from Quarry itself]]. This database contains information about all queries that are being run and starred by users in Quarry. This information was already public through the web interface, but you can now query it using SQL. You can read more about that, and {{formatnum:20}} other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].
* Any pages or tools that still use the very old CSS classes &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mw-message-box&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; need to be updated. These old classes will be removed next week or soon afterwards. Editors can use a [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?q=mw-message-box&amp;regex=1&amp;namespaces=&amp;title= global-search] to determine what needs to be changed. It is possible to use the newer &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;cdx-message&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; group of classes as a replacement (see [https://doc.wikimedia.org/codex/latest/components/demos/message.html#css-only-version the relevant Codex documentation], and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tech/Header&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=27449042 an example update]), but using locally defined onwiki classes would be best. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374499]

'''Technical project updates'''
* Next week, all Wikimedia wikis will be read-only for a few minutes. This will start on September 25 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1727276400 15:00 UTC]. This is a planned datacenter switchover for maintenance purposes. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This maintenance process also targets other services.]] The previous switchover took 3 minutes, and the Site Reliability Engineering teams use many tools to make sure that this essential maintenance work happens as quickly as possible. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370962]

'''Tech in depth'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/August 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available. This edition includes details about: research about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Hooks|hook]] handlers to help simplify development, research about performance improvements, work to improve the REST API for end-users, and more.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out: 
** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Auditorium Kyiv - Day 4 - Hackathon Showcase.webm|Hackathon Showcase]] (45 mins) - 19 short presentations by some of the Hackathon participants, describing some of the projects they worked on, such as automated testing of maintenance scripts, a video-cutting command line tool, and interface improvements for various tools. There are [[phab:T369234|more details and links available]] in the Phabricator task.
** [[c:File:Co-Creating a Sustainable Future for the Toolforge Ecosystem.webm|Co-Creating a Sustainable Future for the Toolforge Ecosystem]] (40 mins) - a roundtable discussion for tool-maintainers, users, and supporters of Toolforge about how to make the platform sustainable and how to evaluate the tools available there.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/38|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W38&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:02, 17 September 2024 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2024-39 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W39&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/39|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* All wikis will be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday September 25 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1727276400 15:00 UTC]. Reading the wikis will not be interrupted, but editing will be paused. These twice-yearly processes allow WMF's site reliability engineering teams to remain prepared to keep the wikis functioning even in the event of a major interruption to one of our data centers.

'''Updates for editors'''
[[File:Add alt text from a halfsheet, with the article behind.png|thumb|A screenshot of the interface for the Alt Text suggested-edit feature]]
* Editors who use the iOS Wikipedia app in Spanish, Portuguese, French, or Chinese, may see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project/Alt Text Experiment|Alt Text suggested-edit experiment]] after editing an article, or completing a suggested edit using &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project#Hypothesis 2 Add an Image Suggested Edit|Add an image]]&quot;. Alt-text helps people with visual impairments to read Wikipedia articles. The team aims to learn if adding alt-text to images is a task that editors can be successful with. Please share any feedback on [[mw:Talk:Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project/Alt Text Experiment|the discussion page]].
* The Codex color palette has been updated with new and revised colors for the MediaWiki user interfaces. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Design System Team/Color/Design documentation#Updates|most noticeable changes]] for editors include updates for: dark mode colors for Links and for quiet Buttons (progressive and destructive), visited Link colors for both light and dark modes, and background colors for system-messages in both light and dark modes.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] It is now possible to include clickable wikilinks and external links inside code blocks. This includes links that are used within &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;syntaxhighlight&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; tags and on code pages (JavaScript, CSS, Scribunto and Sanitized CSS). Uses of template syntax &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{…}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; are also linked to the template page. Thanks to SD0001 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368166]
* Two bugs were fixed in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Account vanishing|GlobalVanishRequest]] system by improving the logging and by removing an incorrect placeholder message. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370595][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T372223]
* View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] From [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]]: 
** The API now enables 5,000 on-demand API requests per month and twice-monthly HTML snapshots freely (gratis and libre). More information on the updates and also improvements to the software development kits (SDK) are explained on [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/enhanced-free-api/ the project's blog post]. While Wikimedia Enterprise APIs are designed for high-volume commercial reusers, this change enables many more community use-cases to be built on the service too.
** The Snapshot API (html dumps) have added beta Structured Contents endpoints ([https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-snapshot-api/ blog post on that]) as well as released two beta datasets (English and French Wikipedia) from that endpoint to Hugging Face for public use and feedback ([https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/hugging-face-dataset/ blog post on that]). These pre-parsed data sets enable new options for researchers, developers, and data scientists to use and study the content.

'''In depth'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The Wikidata Query Service (WDQS) is used to get answers to questions using the Wikidata data set. As Wikidata grows, we had to make a major architectural change so that WDQS could remain performant. As part of the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|WDQS Graph Split project]], we have new SPARQL endpoints available for serving the &quot;[https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org scholarly]&quot; and &quot;[https://query-main.wikidata.org main]&quot; subgraphs of Wikidata. The [http://query.wikidata.org query.wikidata.org endpoint] will continue to serve the full Wikidata graph until March 2025. After this date, it will only serve the main graph. For more information, please see [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/September 2024 scaling update|the announcement on Wikidata]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/39|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W39&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:36, 23 September 2024 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2024-40 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W40&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/40|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Readers of [[phab:T375401|42 more wikis]] can now use Dark Mode. If the option is not yet available for logged-out users of your wiki, this is likely because many templates do not yet display well in Dark Mode. Please use the [https://night-mode-checker.wmcloud.org/ night-mode-checker tool] if you are interested in helping to reduce the number of issues. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Recommendations for night mode compatibility on Wikimedia wikis|recommendations page]] provides guidance on this. Dark Mode is enabled on additional wikis once per month.
* Editors using the 2010 wikitext editor as their default can access features from the 2017 wikitext editor by adding &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;?veaction=editsource&lt;/code&gt; to the URL. If you would like to enable the 2017 wikitext editor as your default, it can be set in [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpvisualeditor-newwikitext|your preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T239796]
* For logged-out readers using the Vector 2022 skin, the &quot;donate&quot; link has been moved from a collapsible menu next to the content area into a more prominent top menu, next to &quot;Create an account&quot;. This restores the link to the level of prominence it had in the Vector 2010 skin. [[mw:Readers/2024 Reader and Donor Experiences#Donor Experiences (Key Result WE 3.2 and the related hypotheses)|Learn more]] about the changes related to donor experiences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373585]
* The CampaignEvents extension provides tools for organizers to more easily manage events, communicate with participants, and promote their events on the wikis. The extension has been [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|enabled]] on Arabic Wikipedia, Igbo Wikipedia, Swahili Wikipedia, and Meta-Wiki. [[w:zh:Wikipedia:互助客栈/其他#引進CampaignEvents擴充功能|Chinese Wikipedia has decided]] to enable the extension, and discussions on the extension are in progress [[w:es:Wikipedia:Votaciones/2024/Sobre la política de Organizadores de Eventos|on Spanish Wikipedia]] and [[d:Wikidata:Project chat#Enabling the CampaignEvents Extention on Wikidata|on Wikidata]]. To learn how to enable the extension on your wiki, you can visit [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|the CampaignEvents page on Meta-Wiki]].
* View all {{formatnum:22}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:22|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Developers with an account on Wikitech-wiki should [[wikitech:Wikitech/SUL-migration|check if any action is required]] for their accounts. The wiki is being changed to use the single-user-login (SUL) system, and other configuration changes. This change will help reduce the overall complexity for the weekly software updates across all our wikis.

'''In depth'''
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|server switch]] was completed successfully last week with a read-only time of [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Past Switches|only 2 minutes 46 seconds]]. This periodic process makes sure that engineers can switch data centers and keep all of the wikis available for readers, even if there are major technical issues. It also gives engineers a chance to do maintenance and upgrades on systems that normally run 24 hours a day, and often helps to reveal weaknesses in the infrastructure. The process involves dozens of software services and hundreds of hardware servers, and requires multiple teams working together. Work over the past few years has reduced the time from 17 minutes down to 2–3 minutes. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/66ZW7B2MG63AESQVTXDIFQBDBS766JGW/]

'''Meetings and events'''
* October 4–6: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiIndaba conference 2024|WikiIndaba Conference's Hackathon]] in Johannesburg, South Africa
* November 4–6: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024]] in Vienna, Austria

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/40|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W40&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:20, 30 September 2024 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2024-41 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W41&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/41|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Communities can now request installation of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Automoderator|Automoderator]] on their wiki. Automoderator is an automated anti-vandalism tool that reverts bad edits based on scores from the new &quot;Revert Risk&quot; machine learning model. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AutoModerator/Deploying|read details about the necessary steps]] for installation and configuration. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336934]

'''Updates for editors'''
* Translators in wikis where [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation#Try the tool|the mobile experience of Content Translation is available]], can now customize their articles suggestion list from 41 filtering options when using the tool. This topic-based article suggestion feature makes it easy for translators to self-discover relevant articles based on their area of interest and translate them. You can [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&amp;active-list=suggestions try it with your mobile device]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368422]
* View all {{formatnum:12}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:12|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* It is now possible for &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;syntaxhighlight&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; code blocks to offer readers a &quot;Copy&quot; button if the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;copy=1&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; attribute is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight#copy|set on the tag]]. Thanks to SD0001 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T40932]
* Customized copyright footer messages on all wikis will be updated. The new versions will use wikitext markup instead of requiring editing raw HTML. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375789]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Later this month, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] will be rolled out on several pilot wikis. The final list of the wikis will be published in the second half of the month. If you maintain any tools, bots, or gadgets on [[phab:T376499|these 11 wikis]], and your software is using data about IP addresses or is available for logged-out users, please check if it needs to be updated to work with temporary accounts. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|Guidance on how to update the code is available]].
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Rate limiting has been enabled for the code review tools [[Wikitech:Gerrit|Gerrit]] and [[Wikitech:GitLab|GitLab]] to address ongoing issues caused by malicious traffic and scraping. Clients that open too many concurrent connections will be restricted for a few minutes. This rate limiting is managed through [[Wikitech:nftables|nftables]] firewall rules. For more details, see Wikitech's pages on [[Wikitech:Firewall#Throttling with nftables|Firewall]], [[Wikitech:GitLab/Abuse and rate limiting|GitLab limits]] and [[Wikitech:Gerrit/Operations#Throttling IPs|Gerrit operations]].
* Five new wikis have been created: 
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q49224|Komering]] ([[w:kge:|&lt;code&gt;w:kge:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374813]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q36096|Mooré]] ([[m:mos:|&lt;code&gt;m:mos:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374641]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary}} in [[d:Q36213|Madurese]] ([[wikt:mad:|&lt;code&gt;wikt:mad:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374968]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote}} in [[d:Q2501174|Gorontalo]] ([[q:gor:|&lt;code&gt;q:gor:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375088]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikinews}} in [[d:Q56482|Shan]] ([[n:shn:|&lt;code&gt;n:shn:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375430]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/41|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W41&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:42, 7 October 2024 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2024-42 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W42&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/42|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Structured Discussion extension (also known as Flow) is starting to be removed. This extension is unmaintained and causes issues. It will be replaced by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]], which is used on any regular talk page. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Discussions/Deprecation#Deprecation timeline|A first set of wikis]] are being contacted. These wikis are invited to stop using Flow, and to move all Flow boards to sub-pages, as archives. At these wikis, a script will move all Flow pages that aren't a sub-page to a sub-page automatically, starting on 22 October 2024. On 28 October 2024, all Flow boards at these wikis will be set in read-only mode. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370722]
* WMF's Search Platform team is working on making it easier for readers to perform text searches in their language. A [[phab:T332342|change last week]] on over 30 languages makes it easier to find words with accents and other diacritics. This applies to both full-text search and to types of advanced search such as the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;''hastemplate''&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;''incategory''&lt;/bdi&gt; keywords. More technical details (including a few other minor search upgrades) are available. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/User:TJones_%28WMF%29/Notes/Language_Analyzer_Harmonization_Notes#ASCII-folding/ICU-folding_%28T332342%29]
* View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|EditCheck]] was installed at Russian Wikipedia, and fixes were made for some missing user interface styles.

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Editors who use the Toolforge tool [[toolforge:copyvios|Earwig's Copyright Violation Detector]] will now be required to log in with their Wikimedia account before running checks using the &quot;search engine&quot; option. This change is needed to help prevent external bots from misusing the system. Thanks to Chlod for these improvements. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:New_pages_patrol/Reviewers#Authentication_is_now_required_for_search_engine_checks_on_Earwig's_Copyvio_Tool]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Phabricator|Phabricator]] users can create tickets and add comments on existing tickets via Email again. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Phabricator/Help#Using email|Sending email to Phabricator]] has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356077]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Some HTML elements in the interface are now wrapped with a &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;bdi&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; element, to make our HTML output more aligned with Web standards. More changes like this will be coming in future weeks. This change might break some tools that rely on the previous HTML structure of the interface. Note that relying on the HTML structure of the interface is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Stable interface policy/Frontend#What is not stable?|not recommended]] and might break at any time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375975]

'''In depth'''
* The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/September 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available. This edition includes: updates on Wikimedia's authentication system, research to simplify feature development in the MediaWiki platform, updates on Parser Unification and MathML rollout, and more.
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2024/October|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition include: research about improving topic suggestions related to countries, improvements to PHPUnit tests, and more.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/42|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W42&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:21, 14 October 2024 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2024-43 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W43&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/43|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Mobile Apps team has released an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Navigation Refresh#Phase 1: Creating a user Profile Menu (T373714)|update]] to the iOS app's navigation, and it is now available in the latest App store version. The team added a new Profile menu that allows for easy access to editor features like Notifications and Watchlist from the Article view, and brings the &quot;Donate&quot; button into a more accessible place for users who are reading an article. This is the first phase of a larger planned [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Navigation Refresh|navigation refresh]] to help the iOS app transition from a primarily reader-focused app, to an app that fully supports reading and editing. The Wikimedia Foundation has added more editing features and support for on-wiki communication based on volunteer requests in recent years.
[[File:IOS App Navigation refresh first phase 05.png|thumb|iOS Wikipedia App's profile menu and contents]]

'''Updates for editors'''
* Wikipedia readers can now download a browser extension to experiment with some early ideas on potential features that recommend articles for further reading, automatically summarize articles, and improve search functionality. For more details and to stay updated, check out the Web team's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments|Content Discovery Experiments page]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Newsletter:Web team's projects|subscribe to their newsletter]].
* Later this month, logged-out editors of [[phab:T376499|these 12 wikis]] will start to have [[mw:Special:Mylanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] created. The list may slightly change - some wikis may be removed but none will be added. Temporary account is a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/User account types|type of user account]]. It enhances the logged-out editors' privacy and makes it easier for community members to communicate with them. If you maintain any tools, bots, or gadgets on these 12 wikis, and your software is using data about IP addresses or is available for logged-out users, please check if it needs to be updated to work with temporary accounts. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|Guidance on how to update the code is available]]. Read more about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|deployment plan across all wikis]].
* View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[w:nr:Main Page|South Ndebele]], [[w:rsk:Главни бок|Pannonian Rusyn]], [[w:ann:Uwu|Obolo]], [[w:iba:Lambar Keterubah|Iban]] and [[w:tdd:ᥞᥨᥝᥴ ᥘᥣᥲ ᥖᥥᥰ|Tai Nüa]] Wikipedia languages were created last week. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36785][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35660][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36614][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33424][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36556]
* It is now possible to create functions on Wikifunctions using Wikidata lexemes, through the new [[f:Z6005|Wikidata lexeme type]] launched last week. When you go to one of these functions, the user interface provides a lexeme selector that helps you pick a lexeme from Wikidata that matches the word you type. After hitting run, your selected lexeme is retrieved from Wikidata, transformed into a Wikidata lexeme type, and passed into the selected function. Read more about this in [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-10-17#Function of the Week: select representation from lexeme|the latest Wikifunctions newsletter]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Users of the Wikimedia sites can now format dates more easily in different languages with the new &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;{{[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##timef|#timef]]:…}}&lt;/code&gt; parser function. For example, &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{#timef:now|date|en}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; will show as &quot;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;{{#timef:now|date|en}}&lt;/bdi&gt;&quot;. Previously, &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{#time:…}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; could be used to format dates, but this required knowledge of the order of the time and date components and their intervening punctuation. &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;#timef&lt;/code&gt; (or &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;#timefl&lt;/code&gt; for local time) provides access to the standard date formats that MediaWiki uses in its user interface. This may help to simplify some templates on multi-lingual wikis like Commons and Meta. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T223772][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##timef]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Commons and Meta users can now efficiently [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#Localization|retrieve the user's language]] using &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{USERLANGUAGE}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; instead of using &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{int:lang}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T4085]
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Tech Advisory Council]] (PTAC) now has its pilot members with representation across Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and South America. They will work to address the [[Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Initiatives/Technology Council|Movement Strategy's Technology Council]] initiative of having a co-defined and more resilient technological platform. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Movement_Strategy/Initiatives/Technology_Council]

'''In depth'''
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/32|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: an upcoming Newcomer Homepage Community Updates module, new Community Configuration options, and details on new projects.
* The Wikimedia Foundation is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Security Team#CNA Partnership|now an official partner of the CVE program]], which is an international effort to catalog publicly disclosed cybersecurity vulnerabilities. This partnership will allow the Security Team to instantly publish [[w:en:Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures|common vulnerabilities and exposures]] (CVE) records that are affecting MediaWiki core, extensions, and skins, along with any other code the Foundation is a steward of.
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|Community Wishlist]] is now [[m:Community Wishlist/Updates#October 16, 2024: Conversations Made Easier: Machine-Translated Wishes Are Here!|testing machine translations]] for Wishlist content. Volunteers can now read machine-translated versions of wishes and dive into discussions even before translators arrive to translate content.

'''Meetings and events'''
* 24 October - Wiki Education Speaker Series Webinar - [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/N4XTB4G55BUY3M3PNGUAKQWJ7A4UOPAK/ Open Source Tech: Building the Wiki Education Dashboard], featuring Wikimedia interns and a Web developer in the panel.
* 20–22 December 2024 - [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Indic Wikimedia Hackathon Bhubaneswar 2024|Indic Wikimedia Hackathon Bhubaneswar 2024]] in Odisha, India. A hackathon for community members, including developers, designers and content editors, to build technical solutions that improve contributors' experiences.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/43|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W43&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:52, 21 October 2024 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2024-44 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W44&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/44|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Later in November, the Charts extension will be deployed to the test wikis in order to help identify and fix any issue. A security review is underway to then enable deployment to pilot wikis for broader testing. You can read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates#October 2024: Working towards production deployment|the October project update]] and see the [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Charts latest documentation and examples on Beta Wikipedia].
* View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[w:en:PediaPress|Pediapress.com]], an external service that creates books from Wikipedia, can now use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Maps|Wikimedia Maps]] to include existing pre-rendered infobox map images in their printed books on Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375761]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Wikis can use [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GuidedTour|the Guided Tour extension]] to help newcomers understand how to edit. The Guided Tours extension now works with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Dark mode|dark mode]]. Guided Tour maintainers can check their tours to see that nothing looks odd. They can also set &lt;code&gt;emitTransitionOnStep&lt;/code&gt; to &lt;code&gt;true&lt;/code&gt; to fix an old bug. They can use the new flag &lt;code&gt;allowAutomaticBack&lt;/code&gt; to avoid back-buttons they don't want. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T73927#10241528]
*  Administrators in the Wikimedia projects who use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Nuke|Nuke Extension]] will notice that mass deletions done with this tool have the &quot;Nuke&quot; tag. This change will make reviewing and analyzing deletions performed with the tool easier. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366068]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/44|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W44&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:56, 28 October 2024 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2024-45 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W45&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/45|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Stewards can now make [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global blocks|global account blocks]] cause global [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Autoblock|autoblocks]]. This will assist stewards in preventing abuse from users who have been globally blocked. This includes preventing globally blocked temporary accounts from exiting their session or switching browsers to make subsequent edits for 24 hours. Previously, temporary accounts could exit their current session or switch browsers to continue editing. This is an anti-abuse tool improvement for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] project. You can read more about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|progress on key features for temporary accounts]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368949]
* Wikis that have the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|CampaignEvents extension enabled]] can now use the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Event list#October 29, 2024: Collaboration List launched|Collaboration List]] feature. This list provides a new, easy way for contributors to learn about WikiProjects on their wikis. Thanks to the Campaign team for this work that is part of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product %26 Technology OKRs#WE KRs|the 2024/25 annual plan]]. If you are interested in bringing the CampaignEvents extension to your wiki, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|follow these steps]] or you can reach out to User:Udehb-WMF for help.
* The text color for red links will be slightly changed later this week to improve their contrast in light mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370446]
* View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, on multilingual wikis, users [[phab:T216368|can now]] hide translations from the WhatLinksHere special page.

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* XML [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Data dumps|data dumps]] have been temporarily paused whilst a bug is investigated. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/xmldatadumps-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/BXWJDPO5QI2QMBCY7HO36ELDCRO6HRM4/]

'''In depth'''
* Temporary Accounts have been deployed to six wikis; thanks to the Trust and Safety Product team for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|this work]], you can read about [[phab:T340001|the deployment plans]]. Beginning next week, Temporary Accounts will also be enabled on [[phab:T378336|seven other projects]]. If you are active on these wikis and need help migrating your tools, please reach out to [[m:User:Udehb-WMF|User:Udehb-WMF]] for assistance.
*  The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2024/October|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available.  It includes: New languages supported in translatewiki or in MediaWiki; New keyboard input methods for some languages; details about recent and upcoming meetings, and more.

'''Meetings and events'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024]] is happening in Vienna, Austria and online from 4 to 6 November 2024. The conference will feature discussions around the usage of MediaWiki software by and within companies in different industries and will inspire and onboard new users.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/45|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W45&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:50, 4 November 2024 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2024-46 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W46&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/46|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* On wikis with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Translate|Translate extension]] enabled, users will notice that the FuzzyBot will now automatically create translated versions of categories used on translated pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285463]
* View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the submitted task to use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SecurePoll|SecurePoll extension]] for English Wikipedia's special [[w:en:Wikipedia:Administrator elections|administrator election]] was resolved on time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371454] 

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] In &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[mw:MediaWiki_1.44/wmf.2|1.44.0-wmf-2]]&lt;/code&gt;, the logic of Wikibase function &lt;code&gt;getAllStatements&lt;/code&gt; changed to behave like &lt;code&gt;getBestStatements&lt;/code&gt;. Invoking the function now returns a copy of values which are immutable. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T270851]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/ Wikimedia REST API] users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. The API will be rerouting some page content endpoints from RESTbase to the newer [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API|MediaWiki REST API]] endpoints. The [[phab:T374683|impacted endpoints]] include getting page/revision metadata and rendered HTML content. These changes will be available on testwiki later this week, with other projects to follow. This change should not affect existing functionality, but active users of the impacted endpoints should verify behavior on testwiki, and raise any concerns on the related [[phab:T374683|Phabricator ticket]].

'''In depth'''
* Admins and users of the Wikimedia projects [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator_Tools/Automoderator#Usage|where Automoderator is enabled]] can now monitor and evaluate important metrics related to Automoderator's actions. [https://superset.wmcloud.org/superset/dashboard/unified-automoderator-activity-dashboard/ This Superset dashboard] calculates and aggregates metrics about Automoderator's behaviour on the projects in which it is deployed. Thanks to the Moderator Tools team for this Dashboard; you can visit [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Automoderator/Unified Activity Dashboard|the documentation page]] for more information about this work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T369488]

'''Meetings and events'''
* 21 November 2024 ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 8:00 UTC|8:00 UTC]] &amp; [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 16:00 UTC|16:00 UTC]]) - [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Community call]] with Wikimedia Commons volunteers and stakeholders to help prioritize support efforts for 2025-2026 Fiscal Year. The theme of this call is how content should be organised on Wikimedia Commons.
'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/46|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W46&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:07, 12 November 2024 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2024-47 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W47&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/47|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Users of Wikimedia sites will now be warned when they create a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Redirects|redirect]] to a page that doesn't exist. This will reduce the number of broken redirects to red links in our projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326057]
* View all {{formatnum:42}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:42|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot/Overview|Pywikibot]], which automates work on MediaWiki sites, was upgraded to 9.5.0 on Toolforge. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378676]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* On wikis that use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs extension]], pages created or moved by users with the appropriate permissions are marked as flagged automatically. This feature has not been working recently, and changes fixing it should be deployed this week. Thanks to Daniel and Wargo for working on this. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379218][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368380]

'''In depth'''
* There is a new [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/11/05/say-hi-to-temporary-accounts-easier-collaboration-with-logged-out-editors-with-better-privacy-protection Diff post] about Temporary Accounts, available in more than 15 languages. Read it to learn about what Temporary Accounts are, their impact on different groups of users, and the plan to introduce the change on all wikis.

'''Meetings and events'''
* Technical volunteers can now register for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]], which will take place in Istanbul, Turkey. [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/hackathon2025/ Application for travel and accommodation scholarships] is open from '''November 12 to December 10 2024'''. The registration for the event will close in mid-April 2025. The Wikimedia Hackathon is an annual gathering that unites the global technical community to collaborate on existing projects and explore new ideas.
* Join the [[C:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:WMF%20support%20for%20Commons/Commons%20community%20calls|Wikimedia Commons community calls]] this week to help prioritize support for Commons which will be planned for 2025–2026. The theme will be how content should be organised on Wikimedia Commons. This is an opportunity for volunteers who work on different things to come together and talk about what matters for the future of the project. The calls will take place '''November 21, 2024, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 8:00 UTC|8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 16:00 UTC|16:00 UTC]]'''.
* A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community meetings#29 November 2024|Language community meeting]] will take place '''November 29, 16:00 UTC''' to discuss updates and technical problem-solving.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/47|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W47&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 02:00, 19 November 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=27806858 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2024-48 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W48&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/48|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new version of the standard wikitext editor-mode [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|syntax highlighter]] will be available as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] later this week. This brings many new features and bug fixes, including right-to-left support, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Template folding|template folding]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|autocompletion]], and an improved search panel. You can learn more on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|help page]].
* The 2010 wikitext editor now supports common keyboard shortcuts such &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ctrl&lt;/code&gt;+&lt;code&gt;B&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; for bold and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ctrl&lt;/code&gt;+&lt;code&gt;I&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; for italics. A full [[mw:Help:Extension:WikiEditor#Keyboard shortcuts|list of all six shortcuts]] is available. Thanks to SD0001 for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62928]
* Starting November 28, Flow/Structured Discussions pages will be automatically archived and set to read-only at the following wikis: &lt;bdi&gt;bswiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;elwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;euwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;fawiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;fiwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;frwikiquote&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;frwikisource&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;frwikiversity&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;frwikivoyage&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;idwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;lvwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;plwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;ptwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;urwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;viwikisource&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;zhwikisource&lt;/bdi&gt;. This is done as part of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|StructuredDiscussions deprecation work]]. If you need any assistance to archive your page in advance, please contact [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. 
* View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a user creating a new AbuseFilter can now only set the filter to &quot;protected&quot; [[phab:T377765|if it includes a protected variable]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]], which can be used in JavaScript, CSS, JSON, and Lua pages, [[phab:T377663|now offers]] live autocompletion. Thanks to SD0001 for this improvement. The feature can be temporarily disabled on a page by pressing &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ctrl&lt;/code&gt;+&lt;code&gt;,&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and un-selecting &quot;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Live Autocompletion&lt;/bdi&gt;&quot;.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Tool-maintainers who use the Graphite system for tracking metrics, need to migrate to the newer Prometheus system. They can check [https://grafana.wikimedia.org/d/K6DEOo5Ik/grafana-graphite-datasource-utilization?orgId=1 this dashboard] and the list in the Description of the [[phab:T350592|task T350592]] to see if their tools are listed, and they should claim metrics and dashboards connected to their tools. They can then disable or migrate all existing metrics by following the instructions in the task. The Graphite service will become read-only in April. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/KLUV4IOLRYXPQFWD6WKKJUHMWE77BMSZ/]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/NewPP parser report|New PreProcessor parser performance report]] has been fixed to give an accurate count for the number of Wikibase entities accessed. It had previously been resetting after 400 entities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T279069]

'''Meetings and events'''
* A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community meetings#29 November 2024|Language community meeting]] will take place November 29 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1732896000 16:00 UTC]. There will be presentations on topics like developing language keyboards, the creation of the Mooré Wikipedia, the language support track at [[m:Wiki Indaba|Wiki Indaba]], and a report from the Wayuunaiki community on their experiences with the Incubator and as a new community over the last 3 years. This meeting will be in English and will also have Spanish interpretation.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/48|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W48&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:42, 25 November 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=27847039 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2024-49 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W49&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/49|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Two new parser functions were added this week. The &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#interwikilink|#interwikilink]]&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; function adds an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Links#Interwiki links|interwiki link]] and the &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#interlanguagelink|#interlanguagelink]]&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; function adds an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Links#Interlanguage links|interlanguage link]]. These parser functions are useful on wikis where namespaces conflict with interwiki prefixes. For example, links beginning with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;MOS:&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; on English Wikipedia [[phab:T363538|conflict with the &lt;code&gt;mos&lt;/code&gt; language code prefix of Mooré Wikipedia]].
* Starting this week, Wikimedia wikis no longer support connections using old RSA-based HTTPS certificates, specifically rsa-2048. This change is to improve security for all users. Some older, unsupported browser or smartphone devices will be unable to connect; Instead, they will display a connectivity error. See the [[wikitech:HTTPS/Browser_Recommendations|HTTPS Browser Recommendations page]] for more-detailed information. All modern operating systems and browsers are always able to reach Wikimedia projects. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/CTYEHVNSXUD3NFAAMG3BLZVTVQWJXJAH/]
* Starting December 16, Flow/Structured Discussions pages will be automatically archived and set to read-only at the following wikis: &lt;bdi&gt;arwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;cawiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;frwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;mediawikiwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;orwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;wawiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;wawiktionary&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;wikidatawiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;zhwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;. This is done as part of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|StructuredDiscussions deprecation work]]. If you need any assistance to archive your page in advance, please contact [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380910]
* This month the Chart extension was deployed to production and is now available on Commons and Testwiki. With the security review complete, pilot wiki deployment is expected to start in the first week of December. You can see a working version [[testwiki:Charts|on Testwiki]] and read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|the November project update]] for more details.
* View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug with the &quot;Download as PDF&quot; system was fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376438]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* In late February, temporary accounts will be rolled out on at least 10 large wikis. This deployment will have a significant effect on the community-maintained code. This is about Toolforge tools, bots, gadgets, and user scripts that use IP address data or that are available for logged-out users. The Trust and Safety Product team wants to identify this code, monitor it, and assist in updating it ahead of the deployment to minimize disruption to workflows. The team asks technical editors and volunteer developers to help identify such tools by adding them to [[mw:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/Impacted tools|this list]]. In addition, review the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|updated documentation]] to learn how to adjust the tools. Join the discussions on the [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|project talk page]] or in the [[discord:channels/221049808784326656/1227616742340034722|dedicated thread]] on the [[w:Wikipedia:Discord|Wikimedia Community Discord server (in English)]] for support and to share feedback. 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/49|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W49&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:22, 2 December 2024 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2024-50 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W50&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/50|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Technical documentation contributors can find updated resources, and new ways to connect with each other and the Wikimedia Technical Documentation Team, at the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Documentation|Documentation hub]] on MediaWiki.org. This page links to: resources for writing and improving documentation, a new &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;#wikimedia-techdocs&lt;/bdi&gt; IRC channel on libera.chat, a listing of past and upcoming documentation events, and ways to request a documentation consultation or review. If you have any feedback or ideas for improvements to the documentation ecosystem, please [[mw:Wikimedia Technical Documentation Team#Contact us|contact the Technical Documentation Team]].

'''Updates for editors'''
[[File:Edit Check on Desktop.png|thumb|Layout change for the Edit Check feature]]
* Later this week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit Check]] will be relocated to a sidebar on desktop. Edit check is the feature for new editors to help them follow policies and guidelines. This layout change creates space to present people with [[mw:Edit check#1 November 2024|new Checks]] that appear ''while'' they are typing. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check#Reference Check A/B Test|initial results]] show newcomers encountering Edit Check are 2.2 times more likely to publish a new content edit that includes a reference and is not reverted.
* The Chart extension, which enables editors to create data visualizations, was successfully made available on MediaWiki.org and three pilot wikis (Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedias). You can see a working examples [[testwiki:Charts|on Testwiki]] and read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|the November project update]] for more details.
* Translators in wikis where the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation#Try the tool|mobile experience of Content Translation is available]], can now discover articles in Wikiproject campaigns of their interest from the &quot;[https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&amp;campaign=specialcx&amp;filter-type=automatic&amp;filter-id=collections&amp;active-list=suggestions&amp;from=es&amp;to=en All collection]&quot; category in the articles suggestion feature. Wikiproject Campaign organizers can use this feature, to help translators to discover articles of interest, by adding the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;page-collection&gt; &lt;/page-collection&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; tag to their campaign article list page on Meta-wiki. This will make those articles discoverable in the Content Translation tool. For more detailed information on how to use the tool and tag, please refer to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translation suggestions: Topic-based &amp; Community-defined lists/How to use the features|the step-by-step guide]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378958]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Nuke]] feature, which enables administrators to mass delete pages, now has a [[phab:T376379#10310998|multiselect filter for namespace selection]]. This enables users to select multiple specific namespaces, instead of only one or all, when fetching pages for deletion.
* The Nuke feature also now [[phab:T364225#10371365|provides links]] to the userpage of the user whose pages were deleted, and to the pages which were not selected for deletion, after page deletions are queued. This enables easier follow-up admin-actions. Thanks to Chlod and the Moderator Tools team for both of these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T364225#10371365]
* The Editing Team is working on making it easier to populate citations from archive.org using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|Citoid]] tool, the auto-filled citation generator. They are asking communities to add two parameters preemptively, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;archiveUrl&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;archiveDate&lt;/code&gt;, within the TemplateData for each citation template using Citoid. You can see an [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACite_web%2Fdoc&amp;diff=1261320172&amp;oldid=1260788022 example of a change in a template], and a [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?namespaces=10&amp;q=%5C%22citoid%5C%22%3A%20%5C%7B&amp;regex=1&amp;title= list of all relevant templates]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374831]
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} in [[d:Q9240|Indonesian]] ([[voy:id:|&lt;code&gt;voy:id:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380726]
* Last week, all wikis had problems serving pages to logged-in users and some logged-out users for 30–45 minutes. This was caused by a database problem, and investigation is ongoing. [https://www.wikimediastatus.net/incidents/3g2ckc7bp6l9]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add Link]] feature has been fixed. Previously, the list of sections which are excluded from Add Link was partially ignored in certain cases. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380455][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380329]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the design system for Wikimedia, now has an early-stage [[gitiles:design/codex-php|implementation in PHP]]. It is available for general use in MediaWiki extensions and Toolforge apps through [https://packagist.org/packages/wikimedia/codex Composer], with use in MediaWiki core coming soon. More information is available in [[wmdoc:design-codex-php/main/index.html|the documentation]]. Thanks to Doğu for the inspiration and many contributions to the library. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379662]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/ Wikimedia REST API] users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. On December 4, the MediaWiki Interfaces team began rerouting page/revision metadata and rendered HTML content endpoints on [[testwiki:|testwiki]] from RESTbase to comparable MediaWiki REST API endpoints. The team encourages active users of these endpoints to verify their tool's behavior on testwiki and raise any concerns on the related [[phab:T374683|Phabricator ticket]] before the end of the year, as they intend to roll out the same change across all Wikimedia projects in early January. These changes are part of the work to replace the outdated [[mw:RESTBase/deprecation|RESTBase]] system.
* The [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/986172 2024 Developer Satisfaction Survey] is seeking the opinions of the Wikimedia developer community. Please take the survey if you have any role in developing software for the Wikimedia ecosystem. The survey is open until 3 January 2025, and has an associated [[foundation:Legal:Developer Satisfaction Survey 2024 Privacy Statement|privacy statement]].
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''Meetings and events'''
* The next meeting in the series of [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Wikimedia Foundation discussions with the Wikimedia Commons community]] will take place on [[m:Event:Commons community discussion - 12 December 2024 08:00 UTC|December 12 at 8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Event:Commons community discussion - 12_December 2024 16:00 UTC|at 16:00 UTC]]. The topic of this call is new media and new contributors. Contributors from all wikis are welcome to attend.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/50|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W50&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:16, 9 December 2024 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2024-51 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W51&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/51|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Interested in improving event management on your home wiki? The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] offers organizers features like event registration management, event/wikiproject promotion, finding potential participants, and more - all directly on-wiki. If you are an organizer or think your community would benefit from this extension, start a discussion to enable it on your wiki today. To learn more about how to enable this extension on your wiki, visit the [[m:CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|deployment status page]].

'''Updates for editors'''
* Users of the iOS Wikipedia App in Italy and Mexico on the Italian, Spanish, and English Wikipedias, can see a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Personalized Wikipedia Year in Review|personalized Year in Review]] with insights based on their reading and editing history.
* Users of the Android Wikipedia App in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia can see the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Rabbit Holes|Rabbit Holes]] feature. This feature shows a suggested search term in the Search bar based on the current article being viewed, and a suggested reading list generated from the user’s last two visited articles.
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|global reminder bot]] is now active and running on nearly 800 wikis. This service reminds most users holding temporary rights when they are about to expire, so that they can renew should they want to. See [[m:Global reminder bot/Technical details|the technical details page]] for more information.
* The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 13 January 2025 because of the end of year holidays. Thank you to all of the translators, and people who submitted content or feedback, this year.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was [[phab:T374988|fixed]] in the Android Wikipedia App which had caused translatable SVG images to show the wrong language when they were tapped.

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version next week. The next deployments will start on 14 January. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar/2025] 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/51|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W51&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:24, 16 December 2024 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-03 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W03&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Single User Login system is being updated over the next few months. This is the system which allows users to fill out the login form on one Wikimedia site and get logged in on all others at the same time. It needs to be updated because of the ways that browsers are increasingly restricting cross-domain cookies. To accommodate these restrictions, login and account creation pages will move to a central domain, but it will still appear to the user as if they are on the originating wiki. The updated code will be enabled this week for users on test wikis. This change is planned to roll out to all users during February and March. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3#Deployment|the SUL3 project page]] for more details and a timeline.

'''Updates for editors'''
* On wikis with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:PageAssessments|PageAssessments]] installed, you can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:PageAssessments#Search|filter search results]] to pages in a given WikiProject by using the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;inproject:&lt;/code&gt; keyword. (These wikis: {{int:project-localized-name-arwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwikivoyage/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-huwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zhwiki/en}}) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378868] 
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q34129|Tigre]] ([[w:tig:|&lt;code&gt;w:tig:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381377]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:35}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:35|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a bug with updating a user's edit-count after making a rollback edit, which is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382592]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia REST API users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. Starting the week of January 13, we will begin rerouting [[phab:T374683|some page content endpoints]] from RESTbase to the newer MediaWiki REST API endpoints for all wiki projects. This change was previously available on testwiki and should not affect existing functionality, but active users of the impacted endpoints may raise issues directly to the [[phab:project/view/6931/|MediaWiki Interfaces Team]] in Phabricator if they arise.
* Toolforge tool maintainers can now share their feedback on Toolforge UI, an initiative to provide a web platform that allows creating and managing Toolforge tools through a graphic interface, in addition to existing command-line workflows. This project aims to streamline active maintainers’ tasks, as well as make registration and deployment processes more accessible for new tool creators. The initiative is still at a very early stage, and the Cloud Services team is in the process of collecting feedback from the Toolforge community to help shape the solution to their needs. [[wikitech:Wikimedia Cloud Services team/EnhancementProposals/Toolforge UI|Read more and share your thoughts about Toolforge UI]]. 
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] For tool and library developers who use the OAuth system: The identity endpoint used for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#Identifying the user|OAuth 1]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#Identifying the user 2|OAuth 2]] returned a JSON object with an integer in its &lt;code&gt;sub&lt;/code&gt; field, which was incorrect (the field must always be a string). This has been fixed; the fix will be deployed to Wikimedia wikis on the week of January 13. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382139]
* Many wikis currently use [[:mw:Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|Cite CSS]] to render custom footnote markers in Parsoid output. Starting January 20 these rules will be disabled, but the developers ask you to ''not'' clean up your &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[MediaWiki:Common.css]]&lt;/bdi&gt; until February 20 to avoid issues during the migration. Your wikis might experience some small changes to footnote markers in Visual Editor and when using experimental Parsoid read mode, but if there are changes these are expected to bring the rendering in line with the legacy parser output. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370027]

'''Meetings and events'''
* The next meeting in the series of [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Wikimedia Foundation Community Conversations with the Wikimedia Commons community]] will take place on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 15 January 2025 08:00 UTC|January 15 at 8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 15 January 2025 16:00 UTC|at 16:00 UTC]]. The topic of this call is defining the priorities in tool investment for Commons. Contributors from all wikis, especially users who are maintaining tools for Commons, are welcome to attend.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W03&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:42, 14 January 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-04 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W04&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/04|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Administrators can mass-delete multiple pages created by a user or IP address using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Extension:Nuke]]. It previously only allowed deletion of pages created in the last 30 days. It can now delete pages from the last 90 days, provided it is targeting a specific user or IP address. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380846]
* On [[phab:P72148|wikis that use]] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Patrolled edits|Patrolled edits]] feature, when the rollback feature is used to revert an unpatrolled page revision, that revision will now be marked as &quot;manually patrolled&quot; instead of &quot;autopatrolled&quot;, which is more accurate. Some editors that use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Filtering|filters]] on Recent Changes may need to update their filter settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T302140]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Visual Editor's &quot;Insert link&quot; feature did not always suggest existing pages properly when an editor started typing, which has now been [[phab:T383497|fixed]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The Structured Discussion extension (also known as Flow) is being progressively removed from the wikis. This extension is unmaintained and causes issues. It will be replaced by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]], which is used on any regular talk page. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Discussions/Deprecation#Deprecation timeline|The last group of wikis]] ({{int:project-localized-name-cawikiquote/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiwikimedia/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gomwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kabwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwikibooks/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sewikimedia/en}}) will soon be contacted. If you have questions about this process, please ping [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] at your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380912]
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical_Community_Newsletter/2025/January|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: updates about services from the Data Platform Engineering teams, information about Codex from the Design System team, and more.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/04|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W04&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:36, 21 January 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-05 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W05&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/05|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Patrollers and admins - what information or context about edits or users could help you to make patroller or admin decisions more quickly or easily? The Wikimedia Foundation wants to hear from you to help guide its upcoming annual plan. Please consider sharing your thoughts on this and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|13 other questions]] to shape the technical direction for next year.

'''Updates for editors'''
* iOS Wikipedia App users worldwide can now access a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Personalized Wikipedia Year in Review/How your data is used|personalized Year in Review]] feature, which provides insights based on their reading and editing history on Wikipedia. This project is part of a broader effort to help welcome new readers as they discover and interact with encyclopedic content.
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Edit patrollers now have a new feature available that can highlight potentially problematic new pages. When a page is created with the same title as a page which was previously deleted, a tag ('Recreated') will now be added, which users can filter for in [[{{#special:RecentChanges}}]] and [[{{#special:NewPages}}]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T56145]
* Later this week, there will be a new warning for editors if they attempt to create a redirect that links to another redirect (a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Redirects#Double redirects|double redirect]]). The feature will recommend that they link directly to the second redirect's target page. Thanks to the user SomeRandomDeveloper for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326056]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia wikis allow [[w:en:WebAuthn|WebAuthn]]-based second factor checks (such as hardware tokens) during login, but the feature is [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Miscellaneous/Fix security key (WebAuthn) support|fragile]] and has very few users. The MediaWiki Platform team is temporarily disabling adding new WebAuthn keys, to avoid interfering with the rollout of [[mw:MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|SUL3]] (single user login version 3). Existing keys are unaffected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378402]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''

* For developers that use the [[wikitech:Data Platform/Data Lake/Edits/MediaWiki history dumps|MediaWiki History dumps]]: The Data Platform Engineering team has added a couple of new fields to these dumps, to support the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] initiative. If you maintain software that reads those dumps, please review your code and the updated documentation, since the order of the fields in the row will change. There will also be one field rename: in the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mediawiki_user_history&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; dump, the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;anonymous&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; field will be renamed to &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;is_anonymous&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. The changes will take effect with the next release of the dumps in February. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LKMFDS62TXGDN6L56F4ABXYLN7CSCQDI/] 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/05|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W05&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:14, 27 January 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-06 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W06&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/06|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Editors who use the &quot;Special characters&quot; editing-toolbar menu can now see the 32 special characters you have used most recently, across editing sessions on that wiki. This change should help make it easier to find the characters you use most often. The feature is in both the 2010 wikitext editor and VisualEditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T110722]
* Editors using the 2010 wikitext editor can now create sublists with correct indentation by selecting the line(s) you want to indent and then clicking the toolbar buttons.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380438] You can now also insert &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; tags using a new toolbar button.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383010] Thanks to user stjn for these improvements.
* Help is needed to ensure the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|citation generator]] works properly on each wiki.
** (1) Administrators should update the local versions of the page &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;MediaWiki:Citoid-template-type-map.json&lt;/code&gt; to include entries for &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;preprint&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;standard&lt;/code&gt;, and &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;dataset&lt;/code&gt;; Here are example diffs to replicate [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3ACitoid-template-type-map.json&amp;diff=1189164774&amp;oldid=1165783565 for 'preprint'] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3ACitoid-template-type-map.json&amp;diff=1270832208&amp;oldid=1270828390 for 'standard' and 'dataset'].
** (2.1) If the citoid map in the citation template used for these types of references is missing, [[mediawikiwiki:Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki#Step 2.a: Create a 'citoid' maps value for each citation template|one will need to be added]]. (2.2) If the citoid map does exist, the TemplateData will need to be updated to include new field names. Here are example updates [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACitation%2Fdoc&amp;diff=1270829051&amp;oldid=1262470053 for 'preprint'] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACitation%2Fdoc&amp;diff=1270831369&amp;oldid=1270829480 for 'standard' and 'dataset']. The new fields that may need to be supported are &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;archiveID&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;identifier&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;repository&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;organization&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;repositoryLocation&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;committee&lt;/code&gt;, and &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;versionNumber&lt;/code&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383666]
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q15637215|Central Kanuri]] ([[w:knc:|&lt;code&gt;w:knc:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385181]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Wikisource/Wikimedia OCR|OCR (optical character recognition) tool]] used for Wikisource now supports a new language, Church Slavonic. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384782]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/06|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W06&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:09, 4 February 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-07 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W07&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/07|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''

* The Product and Technology Advisory Council (PTAC) has published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|a draft of their recommendations]] for the Wikimedia Foundation's Product and Technology department. They have recommended focusing on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback/Mobile experiences|mobile experiences]], particularly contributions. They request community [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|feedback at the talk page]] by 21 February.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The &quot;Special pages&quot; portlet link will be moved from the &quot;Toolbox&quot; into the &quot;Navigation&quot; section of the main menu's sidebar by default. This change is because the Toolbox is intended for tools relating to the current page, not tools relating to the site, so the link will be more logically and consistently located. To modify this behavior and update CSS styling, administrators can follow the instructions at [[phab:T385346|T385346]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333211]
* As part of this year's work around improving the ways readers discover content on the wikis, the Web team will be running an experiment with a small number of readers that displays some suggestions for related or interesting articles within the search bar. Please check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments#Experiment 1: Display article recommendations in more prominent locations, search|the project page]] for more information.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Template editors who use TemplateStyles can now customize output for users with specific accessibility needs by using accessibility related media queries (&lt;code dir=ltr&gt;[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-reduced-motion prefers-reduced-motion]&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-reduced-transparency prefers-reduced-transparency]&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-contrast prefers-contrast]&lt;/code&gt;, and &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/forced-colors forced-colors]&lt;/code&gt;). Thanks to user Bawolff for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384175]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:22}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:22|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the global blocks log will now be shown directly on the {{#special:CentralAuth}} page, similarly to global locks, to simplify the workflows for stewards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377024]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Wikidata [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Default values for labels and aliases|now supports a special language as a &quot;default for all languages&quot;]] for labels and aliases. This is to avoid excessive duplication of the same information across many languages. If your Wikidata queries use labels, you may need to update them as some existing labels are getting removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312511]
* The function &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;getDescription&lt;/code&gt; was invoked on every Wiki page read and accounts for ~2.5% of a page's total load time. The calculated value will now be cached, reducing load on Wikimedia servers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383660]
* As part of the RESTBase deprecation [[mw:RESTBase/deprecation|effort]], the &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;/page/related&lt;/code&gt; endpoint has been blocked as of February 6, 2025, and will be removed soon. This timeline was chosen to align with the deprecation schedules for older Android and iOS versions. The stable alternative is the &quot;&lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;morelike&lt;/code&gt;&quot; action API in MediaWiki, and [[gerrit:c/mediawiki/services/mobileapps/+/982154/13/pagelib/src/transform/FooterReadMore.js|a migration example]] is available. The MediaWiki Interfaces team [[phab:T376297|can be contacted]] for any questions. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/GFC2IJO7L4BWO3YTM7C5HF4MCCBE2RJ2/]

'''In depth'''

* The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available. It includes: Updates about the &quot;Contribute&quot; menu; details on some of the newest language editions of Wikipedia; details on new languages supported by the MediaWiki interface; updates on the Community-defined lists feature; and more. 
* The latest [[mw:Extension:Chart/Project/Updates#January 2025: Better visibility into charts and tabular data usage|Chart Project newsletter]] is available. It includes updates on the progress towards bringing better visibility into global charts usage and support for categorizing pages in the Data namespace on Commons.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/07|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W07&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:12, 11 February 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-08 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W08&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/08|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Communities using growth tools can now showcase one event on the &lt;code&gt;{{#special:Homepage}}&lt;/code&gt; for newcomers. This feature will help newcomers to be informed about editing activities they can participate in. Administrators can create a new event to showcase at &lt;code&gt;{{#special:CommunityConfiguration}}&lt;/code&gt;. To learn more about this feature, please read [[diffblog:2025/02/12/community-updates-module-connecting-newcomers-to-your-initiatives/|the Diff post]], have a look [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Community updates module|at the documentation]], or contact [[mw:Talk:Growth|the Growth team]].

'''Updates for editors'''
[[File:Page Frame Features on desktop.png|thumb|Highlighted talk pages improvements]]
* Starting next week, talk pages at these wikis – {{int:project-localized-name-eswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/en}} – will get [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|a new design]]. This change was extensively tested as a Beta feature and is the last step of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|talk pages improvements]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379102]
* You can now navigate to view a redirect page directly from its action pages, such as the history page. Previously, you were forced to first go to the redirect target. This change should help editors who work with redirects a lot. Thanks to user stjn for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T5324]
* When a Cite reference is reused many times, wikis currently show either numbers like &quot;1.23&quot; or localized alphabetic markers like &quot;a b c&quot; in the reference list. Previously, if there were so many reuses that the alphabetic markers were all used, [[MediaWiki:Cite error references no backlink label|an error message]] was displayed.  As part of the work to [[phab:T383036|modernize Cite customization]], these errors will no longer be shown and instead the backlinks will fall back to showing numeric markers like &quot;1.23&quot; once the alphabetic markers are all used.
* The log entries for each change to an editor's user-groups are now clearer by specifying exactly what has changed, instead of the plain before and after listings. Translators can [[phab:T369466|help to update the localized versions]]. Thanks to user Msz2001 for these improvements.
* A new filter has been added to the [[{{#special:Nuke}}]] tool, which allows administrators to mass delete pages, to enable users to filter for pages in a range of page sizes (in bytes). This allows, for example, deleting pages only of a certain size or below. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378488]
* Non-administrators can now check which pages are able to be deleted using the [[{{#special:Nuke}}]] tool. Thanks to user MolecularPilot for this and the previous improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376378]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed in the configuration for the AV1 video file format, which enables these files to play again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382193]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Parsoid Read Views is going to be rolling out to most Wiktionaries over the next few weeks, following the successful transition of Wikivoyage to Parsoid Read Views last year. For more information, see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]] project page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385923][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371640]
* Developers of tools that run on-wiki should note that &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;mw.Uri&lt;/code&gt; is deprecated. Tools requiring &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;mw.Uri&lt;/code&gt; must explicitly declare &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;mediawiki.Uri&lt;/code&gt; as a ResourceLoader dependency, and should migrate to the browser native &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;URL&lt;/code&gt; API soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384515]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/08|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W08&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:16, 17 February 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-09 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W09&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/09|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Administrators can now customize how the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User language|Babel feature]] creates categories using [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration/Babel}}]]. They can rename language categories, choose whether they should be auto-created, and adjust other settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374348]
* The &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[https://www.wikimedia.org/ wikimedia.org]&lt;/bdi&gt; portal has been updated – and is receiving some ongoing improvements – to modernize and improve the accessibility of our portal pages. It now has better support for mobile layouts, updated wording and links, and better language support. Additionally, all of the Wikimedia project portals, such as &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[https://wikibooks.org wikibooks.org]&lt;/bdi&gt;, now support dark mode when a reader is using that system setting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373204][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368221][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Project_portals]
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q33965|Santali]] ([[wikt:sat:|&lt;code&gt;wikt:sat:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386619]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that prevented clicking on search results in the web-interface for some Firefox for Android phone configurations. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381289]

'''Meetings and events'''
* The next Language Community Meeting is happening soon, February 28th at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1740751200 14:00 UTC]. This week's meeting will cover: highlights and technical updates on keyboard and tools for the Sámi languages, Translatewiki.net contributions from the Bahasa Lampung community in Indonesia, and technical Q&amp;A. If you'd like to join, simply [[mw:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#28 February 2025|sign up on the wiki page]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/09|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W09&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:41, 25 February 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-10 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W10&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/10|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* All logged-in editors using the mobile view can now edit a full page. The &quot;{{int:Minerva-page-actions-editfull}}&quot; link is accessible from the &quot;{{int:minerva-page-actions-overflow}}&quot; menu in the toolbar. This was previously only available to editors using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Advanced mobile contributions|Advanced mobile contributions]] setting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387180]
* Interface administrators can now help to remove the deprecated Cite CSS code matching &quot;&lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;mw-ref&lt;/code&gt;&quot; from their local &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[MediaWiki:Common.css]]&lt;/bdi&gt;. The list of wikis in need of cleanup, and the code to remove, [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?q=mw-ref%5B%5E-a-z%5D&amp;regex=1&amp;namespaces=8&amp;title=.*css can be found with this global search] and in [https://ace.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Common.css&amp;oldid=145662#L-139--L-144 this example], and you can learn more about how to help on the [[mw:Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|CSS migration project page]]. The Cite footnote markers (&quot;&lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/code&gt;&quot;) are now rendered by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]], and the deprecated CSS is no longer needed. The CSS for backlinks (&quot;&lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;mw:referencedBy&lt;/code&gt;&quot;) should remain in place for now. This cleanup is expected to cause no visible changes for readers. Please help to remove this code before March 20, after which the development team will do it for you.
* When editors embed a file (e.g. &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[File:MediaWiki.png]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;) on a page that is protected with cascading protection, the software will no longer restrict edits to the file description page, only to new file uploads.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T24521] In contrast, transcluding a file description page (e.g. &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{:File:MediaWiki.png}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;) will now restrict edits to the page.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62109]
* When editors revert a file to an earlier version it will now require the same permissions as ordinarily uploading a new version of the file. The software now checks for 'reupload' or 'reupload-own' rights,[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304474] and respects cascading protection.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T140010]
* When administrators are listing pages for deletion with the Nuke tool, they can now also list associated talk pages and redirects for deletion, alongside pages created by the target, rather than needing to manually delete these pages afterwards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T95797]
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|previously noted]] update to Single User Login, which will accommodate browser restrictions on cross-domain cookies by moving login and account creation to a central domain, will now roll out to all users during March and April. The team plans to enable it for all new account creation on [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Tuesday|Group0]] wikis this week. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3#Deployment|the SUL3 project page]] for more details and an updated timeline.
* Since last week there has been a bug that shows some interface icons as black squares until the page has fully loaded. It will be fixed this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387351]
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q2044560|Sylheti]] ([[w:syl:|&lt;code&gt;w:syl:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386441]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed with loading images in very old versions of the Firefox browser on mobile. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386400]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.19|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/10|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W10&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 02:30, 4 March 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-11 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W11&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/11|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Editors who use password managers at multiple wikis may notice changes in the future. The way that our wikis provide information to password managers about reusing passwords across domains has recently been updated, so some password managers might now offer you login credentials that you saved for a different Wikimedia site. Some password managers already did this, and are now doing it for more Wikimedia domains. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|SUL3 project]] which aims to improve how our unified login works, and to keep it compatible with ongoing changes to the web-browsers we use. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385520][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384844]
* The Wikipedia Apps Team is inviting interested users to help improve Wikipedia’s offline and limited internet use. After discussions in [[m:Afrika Baraza|Afrika Baraza]] and the last [[m:Special:MyLanguage/ESEAP Hub/Meetings|ESEAP call]], key challenges like search, editing, and offline access are being explored, with upcoming focus groups to dive deeper into these topics. All languages are welcome, and interpretation will be available. Want to share your thoughts? [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Improving Wikipedia Mobile Apps for Offline &amp; Limited Internet Use|Join the discussion]] or email &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;aramadan@wikimedia.org&lt;/bdi&gt;!
* All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 19. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1742392800 14:00 UTC]. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.20|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/33|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: the launch of the Community Updates module, the most recent changes in Community Configuration, and the upcoming test of in-article suggestions for first-time editors.
* An old API that was previously used in the Android Wikipedia app is being removed at the end of March. There are no current software uses, but users of the app with a version that is older than 6 months by the time of removal (2025-03-31), will no longer have access to the Suggested Edits feature, until they update their app. You can [[diffblog:2025/02/24/sunset-of-wikimedia-recommendation-api/|read more details about this change]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/11|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W11&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:09, 10 March 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-12 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W12&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/12|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Twice a year, around the equinoxes, the Wikimedia Foundation's Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) team performs [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|a datacenter server switchover]], redirecting all traffic from one primary server to its backup. This provides reliability in case of a crisis, as we can always fall back on the other datacenter. [http://listen.hatnote.com/ Thanks to the Listen to Wikipedia] tool, you can hear the switchover take place: Before it begins, you'll hear the steady stream of edits; Then, as the system enters a brief read-only phase, the sound stops for a couple of minutes, before resuming after the switchover. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the background and details of this process on the Diff blog]]. If you want to keep an ear out for the next server switchover, listen to the wikis on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1742392800 March 19 at 14:00 UTC].

'''Updates for editors'''

* The [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&amp;filter-type=automatic&amp;filter-id=previous-edits&amp;active-list=suggestions&amp;from=en&amp;to=es improved Content Translation tool dashboard] is now available in [[phab:T387820|10 Wikipedias]] and will be available for all Wikipedias [[phab:T387821|soon]]. With [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation#Improved translation experience|the unified dashboard]], desktop users can now: Translate new sections of an article; Discover and access topic-based [https://ig.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&amp;active-list=suggestions&amp;from=en&amp;to=ig&amp;filter-type=automatic&amp;filter-id=previous-edits article suggestion filters] (initially available only for mobile device users); Discover and access the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translation suggestions: Topic-based &amp; Community-defined lists|Community-defined lists]] filter, also known as &quot;Collections&quot;, from wiki-projects and campaigns.
* On Wikimedia Commons, a [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements#Improve category selection|new system to select the appropriate file categories]] has been introduced: if a category has one or more subcategories, users will be able to click on an arrow that will open the subcategories directly within the form, and choose the correct one. The parent category name will always be shown on top, and it will always be possible to come back to it. This should decrease the amount of work for volunteers in fixing/creating new categories. The change is also available on mobile. These changes are part of planned improvements to the UploadWizard.
* The Community Tech team is seeking wikis to join a pilot for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|Multiblocks]] feature and a refreshed Special:Block page in late March. Multiblocks enables administrators to impose multiple different types of blocks on the same user at the same time. If you are an admin or steward and would like us to discuss joining the pilot with your community, please leave a message on the [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|project talk page]].
* Starting March 25, the Editing team will test a new feature for Edit Check at [[phab:T384372|12 Wikipedias]]: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi-check|Multi-Check]]. Half of the newcomers on these wikis will see all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#ref|Reference Checks]] during their edit session, while the other half will continue seeing only one. The goal of this test is to see if users are confused or discouraged when shown multiple Reference Checks (when relevant) within a single editing session. At these wikis, the tags used on edits that show References Check will be simplified, as multiple tags could be shown within a single edit. Changes to the tags are documented [[phab:T373949|on Phabricator]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379131]
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]], which is a service for notifying users that their temporary user-rights are about to expire, now supports using the localized name of the user-rights group in the message heading. Translators can see the [[m:Global reminder bot/Translation|listing of existing translations and documentation]] to check if their language needs updating or creation.
* The [[Special:GlobalPreferences|GlobalPreferences]] gender setting, which is used for how the software should refer to you in interface messages, now works as expected by overriding the local defaults. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386584]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:26}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:26|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Wikipedia App for Android had a bug fixed for when a user is browsing and searching in multiple languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379777]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Later this week, the way that Codex styles are loaded will be changing. There is a small risk that this may result in unstyled interface message boxes on certain pages. User generated content (e.g. templates) is not impacted. Gadgets may be impacted. If you see any issues [[phab:T388847|please report them]]. See the linked task for details, screenshots, and documentation on how to fix any affected gadgets.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.21|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/12|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W12&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:48, 17 March 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-13 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W13&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/13|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Wikimedia Foundation is seeking your feedback on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|drafts of the objectives and key results that will shape the Foundation's Product and Technology priorities]] for the next fiscal year (starting in July). The objectives are broad high-level areas, and the key-results are measurable ways to track the success of their objectives. Please share your feedback on the talkpage, in any language, ideally before the end of April.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] will be released to multiple wikis (see [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#Global Deployment Plan|deployment plan]] for details) in April 2025, and the team has begun the process of engaging communities on the identified wikis. The extension provides tools to organize, manage, and promote collaborative activities (like events, edit-a-thons, and WikiProjects) on the wikis. The extension has three tools: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Invitation Lists]]. It is currently on 13 Wikipedias, including English Wikipedia, French Wikipedia, and Spanish Wikipedia, as well as Wikidata. Questions or requests can be directed to the [[mw:Help talk:Extension:CampaignEvents|extension talk page]] or in Phabricator (with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;#campaigns-product-team&lt;/bdi&gt; tag).
* Starting the week of March 31st, wikis will be able to set which user groups can view private registrants in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], as part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension. By default, event organizers and the local wiki admins will be able to see private registrants. This is a change from the current behavior, in which only event organizers can see private registrants. Wikis can change the default setup by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|requesting a configuration change]] in Phabricator (and adding the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;#campaigns-product-team&lt;/bdi&gt; tag). Participants of past events can cancel their registration at any time.
* Administrators at wikis that have a customized &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[MediaWiki:Sidebar]]&lt;/bdi&gt; should check that it contains an entry for the {{int:specialpages}} listing. If it does not, they should add it using &lt;code dir=ltr style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;* specialpages-url|specialpages&lt;/code&gt;. Wikis with a default sidebar will see the link moved from the page toolbox into the sidebar menu in April. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T388927]
* The Minerva skin (mobile web) combines both Notice and Alert notifications within the bell icon ([[File:OOjs UI icon bell.svg|16px|link=|class=skin-invert]]). There was a long-standing bug where an indication for new notifications was only shown if you had unseen Alerts. This bug is now fixed. In the future, Minerva users will notice a counter atop the bell icon when you have 1 or more unseen Notices and/or Alerts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344029]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* VisualEditor has introduced a [[mw:VisualEditor/Hooks|new client-side hook]] for developers to use when integrating with the VisualEditor target lifecycle. This hook should replace the existing lifecycle-related hooks, and be more consistent between different platforms. In addition, the new hook will apply to uses of VisualEditor outside of just full article editing, allowing gadgets to interact with the editor in DiscussionTools as well. The Editing Team intends to deprecate and eventually remove the old lifecycle hooks, so any use cases that this new hook does not cover would be of interest to them and can be [[phab:T355555|shared in the task]].
* Developers who use the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;mw.Api&lt;/code&gt; JavaScript library, can now identify the tool using it with the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;userAgent&lt;/code&gt; parameter: &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;var api = new mw.Api( { userAgent: 'GadgetNameHere/1.0.1' } );&lt;/code&gt;. If you maintain a gadget or user script, please set a user agent, because it helps with library and server maintenance and with differentiating between legitimate and illegitimate traffic. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373874][https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Wikimedia_Foundation_User-Agent_Policy]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.22|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/13|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W13&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:42, 24 March 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-14 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W14&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/14|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Editing team is working on a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit Check|Edit check]]: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check#26 March 2025|Peacock check]]. This check's goal is to identify non-neutral terms while a user is editing a wikipage, so that they can be informed that their edit should perhaps be changed before they publish it. This project is at the early stages, and the team is looking for communities' input: [[phab:T389445|in this Phabricator task]], they are gathering on-wiki policies, templates used to tag non-neutral articles, and the terms (jargon and keywords) used in edit summaries for the languages they are currently researching. You can participate by editing the table on Phabricator, commenting on the task, or directly messaging [[m:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]].
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|Single User Login]] has now been updated on all wikis to move login and account creation to a central domain. This makes user login compatible with browser restrictions on cross-domain cookies, which have prevented users of some browsers from staying logged in.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:35}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:35|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Starting on March 31st, the MediaWiki Interfaces team will begin a limited release of generated OpenAPI specs and a SwaggerUI-based sandbox experience for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API|MediaWiki REST APIs]]. They invite developers from a limited group of non-English Wikipedia communities (Arabic, German, French, Hebrew, Interlingua, Dutch, Chinese) to review the documentation and experiment with the sandbox in their preferred language. In addition to these specific Wikipedia projects, the sandbox and OpenAPI spec will be available on the [[testwiki:Special:RestSandbox|on the test wiki REST Sandbox special page]] for developers with English as their preferred language. During the preview period, the MediaWiki Interfaces Team also invites developers to [[mw:MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Feature Feedback/REST Sandbox|share feedback about your experience]]. The preview will last for approximately 2 weeks, after which the sandbox and OpenAPI specs will be made available across all wiki projects.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.23|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* Sometimes a small, [[gerrit:c/operations/cookbooks/+/1129184|one line code change]] can have great significance: in this case, it means that for the first time in years we're able to run all of the stack serving &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[http://maps.wikimedia.org/ maps.wikimedia.org]&lt;/bdi&gt; - a host dedicated to serving our wikis and their multi-lingual maps needs - from a single core datacenter, something we test every time we perform a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|datacenter switchover]]. This is important because it means that in case one of our datacenters is affected by a catastrophe, we'll still be able to serve the site. This change is the result of [[phab:T216826|extensive work]] by two developers on porting the last component of the maps stack over to [[w:en:Kubernetes|kubernetes]], where we can allocate resources more efficiently than before, thus we're able to withstand more traffic in a single datacenter. This work involved a lot of complicated steps because this software, and the software libraries it uses, required many long overdue upgrades. This type of work makes the Wikimedia infrastructure more sustainable.

'''Meetings and events'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Workshop Spring 2025|MediaWiki Users and Developers Workshop Spring 2025]] is happening in Sandusky, USA, and online, from 14–16 May 2025. The workshop will feature discussions around the usage of MediaWiki software by and within companies in different industries and will inspire and onboard new users. Registration and presentation signup is now available at the workshop's website.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/14|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W14&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:05, 1 April 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-15 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W15&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/15|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* From now on, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface admins]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Central notice administrators|centralnotice admins]] are technically required to enable [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] before they can use their privileges. In the future this might be expanded to more groups with advanced user-rights. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T150898]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The Design System Team is preparing to release the next major version of Codex (v2.0.0) on April 29. Editors and developers who use CSS from Codex should see the [[mw:Codex/Release Timeline/2.0|2.0 overview documentation]], which includes guidance related to a few of the breaking changes such as &lt;code dir=ltr style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;font-size&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;line-height&lt;/code&gt;, and &lt;code dir=ltr style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;size-icon&lt;/code&gt;.
* The results of the [[mw:Developer Satisfaction Survey/2025|Developer Satisfaction Survey (2025)]]  are now available. Thank you to all participants. These results help the Foundation decide what to work on next and to review what they recently worked on.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.24|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]] will take place in Istanbul, Turkey, between 2–4 May. Registration for attending the in-person event will close on 13 April. Before registering, please note the potential need for a [https://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkish-representations.en.mfa visa] or [https://www.mfa.gov.tr/visa-information-for-foreigners.en.mfa e-visa] to enter the country.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/15|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W15&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 18:52, 7 April 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-16 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W16&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Later this week, the default thumbnail size will be increased from 220px to 250px. This changes how pages are shown in all wikis and has been requested by some communities for many years, but wasn't previously possible due to technical limitations. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355914]
* File thumbnails are now stored in discrete sizes. If a page specifies a thumbnail size that's not among the standard sizes (20, 40, 60, 120, 250, 330, 500, 960), then MediaWiki will pick the closest larger thumbnail size but will tell the browser to downscale it to the requested size. In these cases, nothing will change visually but users might load slightly larger images. If it doesn't matter which thumbnail size is used in a page, please pick one of the standard sizes to avoid the extra in-browser down-scaling step. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Images#Thumbnail_sizes][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355914]

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Wikimedia Foundation are working on a system called [[m:Edge Uniques|Edge Uniques]] which will enable [[:w:en:A/B testing|A/B testing]], help protect against [[:w:en:Denial-of-service attack|Distributed denial-of-service attacks]] (DDoS attacks), and make it easier to understand how many visitors the Wikimedia sites have. This is so that they can more efficiently build tools which help readers, and make it easier for readers to find what they are looking for.
* To improve security for users, a small percentage of logins will now require that the account owner input a one-time password [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:EmailAuth|emailed to their account]]. It is recommended that you [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal-email|check]] that the email address on your account is set correctly, and that it has been confirmed, and that you have an email set for this purpose. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390662]
* &quot;Are you interested in taking a short survey to improve tools used for reviewing or reverting edits on your Wiki?&quot; This question will be [[phab:T389401|asked at 7 wikis starting next week]], on Recent Changes and Watchlist pages. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools|Moderator Tools team]] wants to know more about activities that involve looking at new edits made to your Wikimedia project, and determining whether they adhere to your project's policies.
* On April 15, the full Wikidata graph will no longer be supported on &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[https://query.wikidata.org/ query.wikidata.org]&lt;/bdi&gt;. After this date, scholarly articles will be available through &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;[https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org/ query-scholarly.wikidata.org]&lt;/bdi&gt;, while the rest of the data hosted on Wikidata will be available through the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[https://query.wikidata.org/ query.wikidata.org]&lt;/bdi&gt; endpoint. This is part of the scheduled split of the Wikidata Graph, which was [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/September 2024 scaling update|announced in September 2024]]. More information is [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|available on Wikidata]].
* The latest quarterly [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter/First quarter of 2025|Wikimedia Apps Newsletter]] is now available. It covers updates, experiments, and improvements made to the Wikipedia mobile apps.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2025/April|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: an invitation for tool maintainers to attend the Toolforge UI Community Feedback Session on April 15th; recent community metrics; and recent technical blog posts.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.25|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W16&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:24, 15 April 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-17 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W17&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/17|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Main Page|Wikifunctions]] is now integrated with [[w:dag:Solɔɣu|Dagbani Wikipedia]] since April 15. It is the first project that will be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them in articles. A function is something that takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, such as adding up two numbers, converting miles into metres, calculating how much time has passed since an event, or declining a word into a case. Wikifunctions will allow users to do that through a simple call of [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Catalogue|a stable and global function]], rather than via a local template. [https://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status_updates/2025-04-16]
* A new type of lint error has been created: [[Special:LintErrors/empty-heading|{{int:linter-category-empty-heading}}]] ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Lint errors/empty-heading|documentation]]). The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Linter|Linter extension]]'s purpose is to identify wikitext patterns that must or can be fixed in pages and provide some guidance about what the problems are with those patterns and how to fix them. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368722]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:37}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:37|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Following its publication on HuggingFace, the &quot;Structured Contents&quot; dataset, developed by Wikimedia Enterprise, is [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/kaggle-dataset/ now also available on Kaggle]. This Beta initiative is focused on making Wikimedia data more machine-readable for high-volume reusers. They are releasing this beta version in a location that open dataset communities already use, in order to seek feedback, to help improve the product for a future wider release. You can read more about the overall [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-snapshot-api/#open-datasets Structured Contents project], and about the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-wikipedia-infobox/ first release that's freely usable].
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week.

'''Meetings and events'''
* The Editing and Machine Learning Teams invite interested volunteers to a video meeting to discuss [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Peacock check|Peacock check]], which is the latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]] that will detect &quot;peacock&quot; or &quot;overly-promotional&quot; or &quot;non-neutral&quot; language whilst an editor is typing. Editors who work with newcomers, or help to fix this kind of writing, or are interested in how we use artificial intelligence in our projects are encouraged to attend. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing team/Community Conversations#Next Conversation|meeting will be on April 28, 2025]] at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1745863200 18:00–19:00 UTC] and hosted on Zoom.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/17|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W17&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:00, 21 April 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-18 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W18&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/18|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Event organizers who host collaborative activities on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#Global Deployment Plan|multiple wikis]], including Bengali, Japanese, and Korean Wikipedias, will have access to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] this week. Also, admins in the Wikipedia where the extension is enabled will automatically be granted the event organizer right soon. They won't have to manually grant themselves the right before they can manage events as [[phab:T386861|requested by a community]].
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The release of the next major version of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the design system for Wikimedia, is scheduled for 29 April 2025. Technical editors will have access to the release by the week of 5 May 2025. This update will include a number of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release_Timeline/2.0#Breaking_changes|breaking changes]] and minor [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release_Timeline/2.0#Visual_changes|visual changes]]. Instructions on handling the breaking and visual changes are documented on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release Timeline/2.0#|this page]]. Pre-release testing is reported in [[phab:T386298|T386298]], with post-release issues tracked in [[phab:T392379|T392379]] and [[phab:T392390|T392390]].
* Users of [[wikitech:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Wiki_Replicas|Wiki Replicas]] will notice that the database views of &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;ipblocks&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;ipblocks_ipindex&lt;/code&gt;, and &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;ipblocks_compat&lt;/code&gt; are [[phab:T390767|now deprecated]]. Users can query the &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block_table|block]]&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block_target_table|block_target]]&lt;/code&gt; new views that mirror the new tables in the production database instead. The deprecated views will be removed entirely from Wiki Replicas in June, 2025.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.27|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April|Language and Internationalization Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes an overview of the improved [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&amp;campaign=contributionsmenu&amp;to=es&amp;filter-type=automatic&amp;filter-id=previous-edits&amp;active-list=suggestions&amp;from=en#/ Content Translation Dashboard Tool], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April#Language Support for New and Existing Languages|support for new languages]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April#Wiki Loves Ramadan Articles Made In Content Translation Mobile Workflow|highlights from the Wiki Loves Ramadan campaign]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Languages Onboarding Experiment 2024 - Executive Summary|results from the Language Onboarding Experiment]], an analysis of topic diversity in articles, and information on upcoming community meetings and events.

'''Meetings and events'''
* The [[Special:MyLanguage/Grants:Knowledge_Sharing/Connect/Calendar|Let's Connect Learning Clinic]] will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1745937000 April 29 at 14:30 UTC]. This edition will focus on &quot;Understanding and Navigating Conflict in Wikimedia Projects&quot;. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Learning Clinic %E2%80%93 Understanding and Navigating Conflict in Wikimedia Projects (Part_1)|register now]] to attend.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]], which brings the global technical community together to connect, brainstorm, and hack existing projects, will take place from May 2 to 4th, 2025, at Istanbul, Turkey.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/18|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W18&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:31, 28 April 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-19 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W19&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/19|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Wikimedia Foundation has shared the latest draft update to their [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|annual plan]] for next year (July 2025–June 2026). This includes an [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|executive summary]] (also on [[diffblog:2025/04/25/sharing-the-wikimedia-foundations-2025-2026-draft-annual-plan/|Diff]]), details about the three main [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals|goals]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Effectiveness|Effectiveness]]), [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Global Trends|global trends]], and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Budget Overview|budget]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Financial Model|financial model]]. Feedback and questions are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|talk page]] until the end of May.

'''Updates for editors'''
* For wikis that have the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|CampaignEvents extension enabled]], two new feature improvements have been released:
** Admins can now choose which namespaces are permitted for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] via [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]] ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Permitted namespaces|documentation]]). The default setup is for event registration to be permitted in the Event namespace, but other namespaces (such as the project namespace or WikiProject namespace) can now be added. With this change, communities like WikiProjects can now more easily use Event Registration for their collaborative activities.
** Editors can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Transclusion|transclude]] the Collaboration List on a wiki page ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Collaboration list/Transclusion|documentation]]). The Collaboration List is an automated list of events and WikiProjects on the wikis, accessed via {{#special:AllEvents}} ([[w:en:Special:AllEvents|example]]). Now, the Collaboration List can be added to all sorts of wiki pages, such as: a wiki mainpage, a WikiProject page, an affiliate page, an event page, or even a user page.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Developers who use the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;moment&lt;/code&gt; library in gadgets and user scripts should revise their code to use alternatives like the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;Intl&lt;/code&gt; library or the new &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;mediawiki.DateFormatter&lt;/code&gt; library. The &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;moment&lt;/code&gt; library has been deprecated and will begin to log messages in the developer console. You can see a global search for current uses, and [[phab:T392532|ask related questions in this Phabricator task]].
* Developers who maintain a tool that queries the Wikidata term store tables (&lt;code dir=ltr style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;wbt_*&lt;/code&gt;) need to update their code to connect to a separate database cluster. These tables are being split into a separate database cluster. Tools that query those tables via the wiki replicas must be adapted to connect to the new cluster instead. [[wikitech:News/2025 Wikidata term store database split|Documentation and related links are available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390954]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.28|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* The latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|Chart Project newsletter]] is available. It includes updates on preparing to expand the deployment to additional wikis as soon as this week (starting May 6) and scaling up over the following weeks, plus exploring filtering and transforming source data.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/19|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W19&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:14, 6 May 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-20 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W20&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/20|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|&quot;Get shortened URL&quot;]] link on the sidebar now includes a [[phab:T393309|QR code]]. Wikimedia site users can now use it by scanning or downloading it to quickly share and access shared content from Wikimedia sites, conveniently.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Wikimedia Foundation is working on a system called [[m:Edge Uniques|Edge Uniques]], which will enable [[w:en:A/B testing|A/B testing]], help protect against [[w:en:Denial-of-service attack|distributed denial-of-service attacks]] (DDoS attacks), and make it easier to understand how many visitors the Wikimedia sites have. This is to help more efficiently build tools which help readers, and make it easier for readers to find what they are looking for. Tech News has [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|previously written about this]]. The deployment will be gradual. Some might see the Edge Uniques cookie the week of 19 May. You can discuss this on the [[m:Talk:Edge Uniques|talk page]].
* Starting May 19, 2025, Event organisers in wikis with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] enabled can use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] in the project namespace (e.g., Wikipedia namespace, Wikidata namespace). With this change, communities don't need admins to use the feature. However, wikis that don't want this change can remove and add the permitted namespaces at [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/CampaignEvents]].
* The Wikipedia project now has a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q36720|Nupe]] ([[w:nup:|&lt;code&gt;w:nup:&lt;/code&gt;]]). This is a language primarily spoken in the North Central region of Nigeria. Speakers of this language are invited to contribute to [[w:nup:Tatacin feregi|new Wikipedia]].
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Developers can now access pre-parsed Dutch Wikipedia, amongst others (English, German, French, Spanish, Italian, and Portuguese) through the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/snapshot/#structured-contents-snapshot-bundle-info-beta Structured Contents snapshots (beta)]. The content includes parsed Wikipedia abstracts, descriptions, main images, infoboxes, article sections, and references.
* The &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;/page/data-parsoid&lt;/code&gt; REST API endpoint is no longer in use and will be deprecated. It is [[phab:T393557|scheduled to be turned off]] on June 7, 2025.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.1|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* The [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/2025_Cloud_VPS_VXLAN_IPv6_migration IPv6 support] is a newly introduced Cloud virtual network that significantly boosts Wikimedia platforms' scalability, security, and readiness for the future. If you are a technical contributor eager to learn more, check out [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/05/06/wikimedia-cloud-vps-ipv6-support/ this blog post] for an in-depth look at the journey to IPv6.

'''Meetings and events'''
* The 2nd edition of 2025 of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Afrika Baraza|Afrika Baraza]], a virtual platform for African Wikimedians to connect, will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1747328400 May 15 at 17:00 UTC]. This edition will focus on discussions regarding [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|Wikimedia Annual planning and progress]].
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MENA Connect Community Call|MENA Connect Community Call]], a virtual meeting for [[w:en:Middle East and North Africa|MENA]] Wikimedians to connect, will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1747501200 May 17 at 17:00 UTC]. You can [[m:Event:MENA Connect (Wiki_Diwan) APP Call|register now]] to attend.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/20|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W20&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:37, 12 May 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-21 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W21&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/21|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Editing Team and the Machine Learning Team are working on a new check for newcomers: [[mw:Edit check/Peacock check|Peacock check]]. Using a prediction model, this check will encourage editors to improve the tone of their edits, using artificial intelligence. We invite volunteers to review the first version of the Peacock language model for the following languages: Arabic, Spanish, Portuguese, English, and Japanese. Users from these wikis interested in reviewing this model are [[mw:Edit check/Peacock check/model test|invited to sign up at MediaWiki.org]]. The deadline to sign up is on May 23, which will be the start date of the test.

'''Updates for editors'''

* From May 20, 2025, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Oversight policy|oversighters]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Meta:CheckUsers|checkusers]] will need to have their accounts secured with two-factor authentication (2FA) to be able to use their advanced rights. All users who belong to these two groups and do not have 2FA enabled have been informed. In the future, this requirement may be extended to other users with advanced rights. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|Learn more]].
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]]  [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|Multiblocks]] will begin mass deployment by the end of the month: all non-Wikipedia projects plus Catalan Wikipedia will adopt Multiblocks in the week of May 26, while all other Wikipedias will adopt it in the week of June 2. Please [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|contact the team]] if you have concerns. Administrators can test the new user interface now on your own wiki by browsing to [{{fullurl:Special:Block|usecodex=1}} {{#special:Block}}?usecodex=1], and can test the full multiblocks functionality [[testwiki:Special:Block|on testwiki]]. Multiblocks is the feature that makes it possible for administrators to impose different types of blocks on the same user at the same time. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|help page]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377121]
* Later this week, the [[{{#special:SpecialPages}}]] listing of almost all special pages will be updated with a new design. This page has been [[phab:T219543|redesigned]] to improve the user experience in a few ways, including: The ability to search for names and aliases of the special pages, sorting, more visible marking of restricted special pages, and a more mobile-friendly look. The new version can be [https://meta.wikimedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Special:SpecialPages previewed] at Beta Cluster now, and feedback shared in the task. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T219543]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] is being enabled on more wikis. For a detailed list of when the extension will be enabled on your wiki, please read the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|deployment timeline]].
* [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Main Page|Wikifunctions]] will be deployed on May 27 on five Wiktionaries: [[wikt:ha:|Hausa]], [[wikt:ig:|Igbo]], [[wikt:bn:|Bengali]], [[wikt:ml:|Malayalam]], and [[wikt:dv:|Dhivehi/Maldivian]]. This is the second batch of deployment planned for the project. After deployment, the projects will be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them in their pages. A function is something that takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, such as adding up two numbers, converting miles into metres, calculating how much time has passed since an event, or declining a word into a case. Wikifunctions will allow users to do that through a simple call of [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Catalogue|a stable and global function]], rather than via a local template.
* Later this week, the Wikimedia Foundation will publish a hub for [[diffblog:2024/07/09/on-the-value-of-experimentation/|experiments]]. This is to showcase and get user feedback on product experiments. The experiments help the Wikimedia movement [[diffblog:2023/07/13/exploring-paths-for-the-future-of-free-knowledge-new-wikipedia-chatgpt-plugin-leveraging-rich-media-social-apps-and-other-experiments/|understand new users]], how they interact with the internet and how it could affect the Wikimedia movement. Some examples are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Generated Video|generated video]], the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Roblox game|Wikipedia Roblox speedrun game]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Discord bot|the Discord bot]].
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a bug with creating an account using the API, which has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390751]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Gadgets and user scripts that interact with [[{{#special:Block}}]] may need to be updated to work with the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|manage blocks interface]]. Please review the [[mw:Help:Manage blocks/Developers|developer guide]] for more information. If you need help or are unable to adapt your script to the new interface, please let the team know on the [[mw:Help talk:Manage blocks/Developers|talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377121]
* The &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;mw.title&lt;/code&gt; object allows you to get information about a specific wiki page in the [[w:en:Wikipedia:Lua|Lua]] programming language. Starting this week, a new property will be added to the object, named &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;isDisambiguationPage&lt;/code&gt;. This property allows you to check if a page is a disambiguation page, without the need to write a custom function. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T71441]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] User script developers can use a [[toolforge:gitlab-content|new reverse proxy tool]] to load javascript and css from [[gitlab:|gitlab.wikimedia.org]] with &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;mw.loader.load&lt;/code&gt;. The tool's author hopes this will enable collaborative development workflows for user scripts including linting, unit tests, code generation, and code review on &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;gitlab.wikimedia.org&lt;/bdi&gt; without a separate copy-and-paste step to publish scripts to a Wikimedia wiki for integration and acceptance testing. See [[wikitech:Tool:Gitlab-content|Tool:Gitlab-content on Wikitech]] for more information.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.2|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* The 12th edition of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Workshop 2025|Wiki Workshop 2025]], a forum that brings together researchers that explore all aspects of Wikimedia projects, will be held virtually on 21-22 May. Researchers can [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/wikiworkshop2025/ register now].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/21|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W21&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:12, 19 May 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-22 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W22&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* A community-wide discussion about a very delicate issue for the development of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]] is now open on Meta: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. The discussion is open until June 12 at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]], and every opinion is welcomed. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Since last week, on all wikis except [[phab:T388604|the largest 20]], people using the mobile visual editor will have [[phab:T385851|additional tools in the menu bar]], accessed using the new &lt;code&gt;+&lt;/code&gt; toolbar button. To start, the new menu will include options to add: citations, hieroglyphs, and code blocks. Deployment to the remaining wikis is [[phab:T388605|scheduled]] to happen in June.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##ifexist|#ifexist]]&lt;/code&gt; parser function will no longer register a link to its target page. This will improve the usefulness of [[{{#special:WantedPages}}]], which will eventually only list pages that are the target of an actual red link. This change will happen gradually as the source pages are updated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T14019]
* This week, the Moderator Tools team will launch [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], starting at Indonesian Wikipedia. This new filter highlights edits that are likely to be reverted. The goal is to help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic edits. Other wikis will benefit from this filter in the future.
* Upon clicking an empty search bar, logged-out users will see suggestions of articles for further reading. The feature will be available on both desktop and mobile. Readers of Catalan, Hebrew, and Italian Wikipedias and some sister projects will receive the change between May 21 and mid-June. Readers of other wikis will receive the change later. The goal is to encourage users to read the wikis more. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Learn more]].
* Some users of the Wikipedia Android app can use a new feature for readers, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TrivaGame|WikiGames]], a daily trivia game based on real historical events. The release has started as an A/B test, available to 50% of users in the following languages: English, French, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Turkish.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Newsletter|Newsletter extension]] that is available on MediaWiki.org allows the creation of [[mw:Special:Newsletters|various newsletters]] for global users. The extension can now publish new issues as section links on an existing page, instead of requiring a new page for each issue. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393844]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The previously deprecated &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Ipblocks table|ipblocks]]&lt;/code&gt; views in [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|Wiki Replicas]] will be removed in the beginning of June. Users are encouraged to query the new &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block table|block]]&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block target table|block_target]]&lt;/code&gt; views instead.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.3|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikidata and Sister Projects|Wikidata and Sister Projects]] is a multi-day online event that will focus on how Wikidata is integrated to Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia projects. The event runs from May 29 – June 1. You can [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikidata and Sister Projects#Sessions|read the Program schedule]] and [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1291|register]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W22&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:04, 26 May 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-23 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W23&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Editors can use this new extension to create interactive data visualizations like bar, line, area, and pie charts. Charts are designed to replace many of the uses of the legacy [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Graph extension]].

'''Updates for editors'''
* It is now easier to configure automatic citations for your wiki within the visual editor's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|citation generator]]. Administrators can now set a default template by using the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;_default&lt;/code&gt; key in the local &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[MediaWiki:Citoid-template-type-map.json]]&lt;/bdi&gt; page ([[mw:Special:Diff/6969653/7646386|example diff]]). Setting this default will also help to future-proof your existing configurations when [[phab:T347823|new item types]] are added in the future. You can still set templates for individual item types as they will be preferred to the default template. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384709]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Starting the week of June 2, bots logging in using &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;action=login&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;action=clientlogin&lt;/code&gt; will fail more often. This is because of stronger protections against suspicious logins. Bots using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Bot passwords|bot passwords]] or using a loginless authentication method such as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/Owner-only consumers|OAuth]] are not affected. If your bot is not using one of those, you should update it; using &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;action=login&lt;/code&gt; without a bot password was deprecated [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/3EEMN7VQX5G7WMQI5K2GP5JC2336DPTD/|in 2016]]. For most bots, this only requires changing what password the bot uses. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395205]
* From this week, Wikimedia wikis will allow ES2017 features in JavaScript code for official code, gadgets, and user scripts. The most visible feature of ES2017 is &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;async&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;await&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; syntax, allowing for easier-to-read code. Until this week, the platform only allowed up to ES2016, and a few months before that, up to ES2015. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381537]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.4|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* Scholarship applications to participate in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025|GLAM Wiki Conference 2025]] are now open. The conference will take place from 30 October to 1 November, in Lisbon, Portugal. GLAM contributors who lack the means to support their participation can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025/Scholarships|apply here]]. Scholarship applications close on June 7th.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W23&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:55, 2 June 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=28819186 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2025-24 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W24&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Trust and Safety Product team]] is finalizing work needed to roll out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] on large Wikipedias later this month. The team has worked with stewards and other users with extended rights to predict and address many use cases that may arise on larger wikis, so that community members can continue to effectively moderate and patrol temporary accounts. This will be the second of three phases of deployment – the last one will take place in September at the earliest. For more information about the recent developments on the project, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|see this update]]. If you have any comments or questions, write on the [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|talk page]], and [[m:Event:CEE Catch up Nr. 10 (June 2025)|join a CEE Catch Up]] this Tuesday.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist expiry|watchlist expiry]] feature allows editors to watch pages for a limited period of time. After that period, the page is automatically removed from your watchlist. Starting this week, you can set a preference for the default period of time to watch pages. The [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-watchlist-pageswatchlist|preferences]] also allow you to set different default watch periods for editing existing pages, pages you create, and when using rollback. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265716]
[[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]]
* The appearance of talk pages will change at almost all Wikipedias ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|some]] have already received this design change, [[phab:T379264|a few]] will get these changes later). You can read details about the changes [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. It is possible to opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|in user preferences]] (&quot;{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}&quot;). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319146][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392121]
* Users with specific extended rights (including administrators, bureaucrats, checkusers, oversighters, and stewards) can now have IP addresses of all temporary accounts [[phab:T358853|revealed automatically]] during time-limited periods where they need to combat high-speed account-hopping vandalism. This feature was requested by stewards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386492]
* This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to several more Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-afwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-simplewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* AbuseFilter editors active on Meta-Wiki and large Wikipedias are kindly asked to update AbuseFilter to make it compatible with temporary accounts. A link to the instructions and the private lists of filters needing verification are [[phab:T369611|available on Phabricator]].
* Lua modules now have access to the name of a page's associated thumbnail image, and on [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/g/operations/mediawiki-config/+/2e4ab14aa15bb95568f9c07dd777065901eb2126/wmf-config/InitialiseSettings.php#10849 some wikis] to the WikiProject assessment information. This is possible using two new properties on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#added-by-extensions|mw.title objects]], named &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;pageImage&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;pageAssessments&lt;/code&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T131911][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380122]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.5|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W24&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:16, 10 June 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-25 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W25&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* You can [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/359761?lang=en nominate your favorite tools] for the sixth edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Coolest Tool Award]]. Nominations are anonymous and will be open until June 25. You can re-use the survey to nominate multiple tools.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.6|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* Foundation staff and technical volunteers use Wikimedia APIs to build the tools, applications, features, and integrations that enhance user experiences. Over the coming years, the MediaWiki Interfaces team will be investing in Wikimedia web (HTTP) APIs to better serve technical volunteer needs and protect Wikimedia infrastructure from potential abuse. You can [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/06/12/apis-as-a-product-investing-in-the-current-and-next-generation-of-technical-contributors/ read more about their plans to evolve the APIs in this Techblog post].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W25&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:38, 16 June 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-26 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W26&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to the third and last batch of Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-swwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tlwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964]

'''Updates for editors'''
* Last week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] were rolled out on Czech, Korean, and Turkish Wikipedias. This and next week, deployments on larger Wikipedias will follow. [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Share your thoughts]] about the project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340001]
* Later this week, the Editing team will release [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi check|Multi Check]] to all Wikipedias (except English Wikipedia). This feature shows multiple [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|Reference checks]] within the editing experience. This encourages users to add citations when they add multiple new paragraphs to a Wikipedia article. This feature was previously available as an A/B test. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/multi_check_ab_test_report_final.html#summary-of-results The test shows] that users who are shown multiple checks are 1.3 times more likely to add a reference to their edit, and their edit is less likely to be reverted (-34.7%). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395519]
* A few pages need to be renamed due to software updates and to match more recent Unicode standards. All of these changes are related to title-casing changes. Approximately 71 pages and 3 files will be renamed, across 15 wikis; the complete list is in [[phab:T396903|the task]]. The developers will rename these pages next week, and they will fix redirects and embedded file links a few minutes later via a system settings update.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused pages to scroll upwards when text near the top was selected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T364023]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Editors can now use Lua modules to filter and transform tabular data for use with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Extension:Chart]]. This can be used for things like selecting a subset of rows or columns from the source data, converting between units, statistical processing, and many other useful transformations. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Transforms|Information on how to use transforms is available]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates]
* The &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;all_links&lt;/code&gt; variable in [[Special:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] is now renamed to &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;new_links&lt;/code&gt; for consistency with other variables. Old usages will still continue to work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391811]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.7|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/34|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: the recent updates for the &quot;Add a Link&quot; Task, two new Newcomer Engagement Features, and updates to Community Configuration.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W26&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:21, 23 June 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-27 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W27&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled on all Wikipedias. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|Deployment information page]].

'''Updates for editors'''
* AbuseFilter maintainers can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:IPReputation/AbuseFilter variables|match against IP reputation data]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilters]]. IP reputation data is information about the proxies and VPNs associated with the user's IP address. This data is not shown publicly and is not generated for actions performed by registered accounts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354599]
* Hidden content that is within [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Collapsible elements|collapsible parts of wikipages]] will now be revealed when someone searches the page using the web browser's &quot;Find in page&quot; function (Ctrl+F or ⌘F) in supporting browsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327893][https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Global_attributes/hidden#browser_compatibility]
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new feature, called [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery|Favourite Templates]], will be deployed later this week on all projects (except English Wikipedia, which will receive the feature next week), following a piloting phase on Polish and Arabic Wikipedia, and Italian and English Wikisource. The feature will provide a better way for new and experienced contributors to recall and discover templates via the template dialog, by allowing users to put templates on a special &quot;favourite list&quot;. The feature works with both the visual editor and the wikitext editor. The feature is a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|community wishlist focus area]].
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused some Notifications to be sent multiple times. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397103]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.8|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W27&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:40, 30 June 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-28 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W28&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/28|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Temporary accounts|Temporary accounts]] have been rolled out on 18 large and medium-sized Wikipedias, including German, Japanese, French, and Chinese. Now, about 1/3 of all logged-out activity across wikis is coming from temporary accounts. Users involved in patrolling may be interested in two new documentation pages: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Access to IP|Access to IP]], explaining everything related to access to temporary account IP addresses, and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Repository|Repository]] with a list of new gadgets and user scripts.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Anyone can play an experimental new game, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|WikiRun]], that lets you race through Wikipedia by clicking from one article to another, aiming to reach a target page in as few steps and in as little time as possible. The project's goal is to explore new ways of engaging readers. [https://wikirun-game.toolforge.org/ Try playing the game] and let the team know what you think [[mw:Talk:New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|on the talk page]].
* Users of the Wikipedia Android app in some languages can now play the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TrivaGame|trivia game]]. ''Which came first?'' is a simple history game where you guess which of two events happened earlier on today's date. It was previously available as an A/B test. It is now available to all users in English, German, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, Arabic, Turkish, and Chinese. The goal of the feature is to help engage with new generations of readers. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22]
* Users of the iOS Wikipedia App in some languages may see a new tabbed browsing feature that enables you to open multiple tabs while reading. This feature makes it easier to explore related topics and switch between articles. The A/B test is currently running in Arabic, English, and Japanese in selected regions. More details are available on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)|Tabbed Browsing project page]].
* Bureaucrats on Wikimedia wikis can now use [[{{#special:VerifyOATHForUser}}]] to check if users have enabled [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265726]
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new feature related to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template Recall and Discovery]] will be deployed later this week to all Wikimedia projects: a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Template categories|template category browser]] will be introduced to assist users in finding templates to put in their “favourite” list. The browser will allow users to browse a list of templates which have been organised into a given category tree. The feature has been requested by the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Select templates by categories|through the Community Wishlist]].
* It is now possible to access watchlist preferences from the watchlist page. Also the redundant button to edit the watchlist has been removed. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Moderator_Tools/Watchlist]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* As part of [[mw:MediaWiki_1.44|MediaWiki 1.44]] there is now a unified built-in Notifications system that makes it easier for developers to send, manage, and customize notifications. Check out the updated documentation at [[mw:Manual:Notifications|Manual:Notifications]], information about migration in [[phab:T388663|T388663]] and details on deprecated hooks in [[phab:T389624|T389624]].
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.9|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:WikidataCon 2025|WikidataCon 2025]], the conference dedicated to Wikidata is now open for [https://pretalx.com/wikidatacon-2025/cfp session proposals] and for [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1340|registration]]. This year's event will be held online from October 31 – November 02 and will explore on the theme of &quot;Connecting People through Linked Open Data&quot;.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/28|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W28&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:05, 8 July 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-29 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W29&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Featured templates|Featured templates]], a new feature related to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template Recall and Discovery]] will be deployed this week to all Wikimedia projects: With this feature, editors will be able to quickly access a list of templates that are likely to be useful. These templates will be displayed in a list, under the &quot;featured&quot; tab of the template discovery interface. Administrators can define the list via the Community Configuration interface. The feature fulfills a request by the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Easy access Templates|through the Community Wishlist]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367428][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392896]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the request to add Malayalam fonts in the [[oldWikisource:Special:MyLanguage/Wikisource:WS Export|Wikisource Book Export Tool]] was resolved and now, the rendering of Malayalam letters in exported Wikisource books are accurate. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374457]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.10|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* Developers, designers, and all Wikimedians are invited to [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/7953/ submit a project idea] for the Wikimania Hackathon 2025. Read [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/06/30/call-for-projects-wikimania-hackathon-2025-is-coming-to-nairobi/ this Diff blog post] for more details.

'''Meetings and events'''
* [[m:WikiIndaba conference 2025|WikiIndaba 2025]] scholarship application and program submission is open until 23:59 GMT on July 20. WikiIndaba is a regional conference for African Wikimedians both on the continent and in the diaspora to unite and grow together. Submit [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdJTv68R1OPASXXDfpIl8EWiMLTM-TDwh6_5gNVvFuWccFZ2Q/viewform your scholarship application] and [https://ee.kobotoolbox.org/x/BI3omIfH program proposal] now!
* [https://br.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiCon_Brasil_2025 WikiCon Brasil 2025] will take place on July 19-20 in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The Brazilian community members are encouraged to register and attend!

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W29&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:09, 14 July 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-30 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W30&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/30|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Translation Suggestions feature in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|Content Translation tool]] now has another level of article filters added to the &quot;[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&amp;filter-type=automatic&amp;filter-id=previous-edits&amp;active-list=suggestions&amp;from=en&amp;to=fi#/ ... More]&quot; category. Translators who use the Suggestions feature can now select and receive article suggestions that are customized to geographical locations of their interest using the new &quot;{{int:Cx-sx-suggestions-filters-tab-regions}}&quot; filter. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T113257]
* Administrators can now limit &quot;Add a Link&quot; to newcomers. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|&quot;Add a Link&quot;]] Structured Task [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Constructive activation experimentation#Enwiki A/B test &amp; &quot;Add a Link&quot; Improvements (Wiki Experiences 1.2.11 &amp; 1.2.16)|helps new account holders start editing]], but some communities have requested the ability to restrict it to its intended audience: newcomers. Administrators can configure this setting within the [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/GrowthSuggestedEdits|Community Configuration]] feature.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* For AbuseFilter editors on [[phab:T392144|some wikis]], it is now possible to filter edits based on the RevertRisk score of the edit being attempted. It is only populated if the action being evaluated is an edit. For more information, please see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ORES/AbuseFilter variables#What variables are available for use|ORES/AbuseFilter variables]] documentation.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Cluster|Beta Cluster]] wikis have [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/YDABPV75LADRQCXMJAFWUP256N4EQ25B/|been moved]] from &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;beta.wmflabs.org&lt;/code&gt; to &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;beta.wmcloud.org&lt;/code&gt;. Users may need to update URLs in any tools, or in their password managers. Any related issues can be [[phab:T289318|reported in the task]].
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.11|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiCite 2025|WikiCite 2025]] will take place from 29–31 August, both online and in-person in Bern, Switzerland. The event's goals are to reconnect communities, institutions, and individuals working with open citations, bibliographic data, and the Wikidata/Wikibase ecosystem. Registration is open and the call for proposals will be announced soon. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/message/KQZUG3ETKLBWPBYSB2YAWZIRPWHS24TG/]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/30|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W30&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:42, 21 July 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=29005283 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2025-31 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W31&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/31|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Community Tech team will be focusing on wishes related to Watchlists and Recent Changes pages, over the next few months. They are looking for feedback. Please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#July 24, 2025: Watchlists and Recent Changes pages|read the latest update]], and if you have ideas, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|submit a wish]] on the topic.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Wikimedia Commons community has decided to block [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Upload dialog|cross-wiki uploads]] to Wikimedia Commons, for all users without autoconfirmed rights on that wiki, starting on August 16. This is because of [[:c:Commons:Cross-wiki media upload tool/History|widespread problems]] related to files that are uploaded by newcomers. Users who are affected by this will get an error message with a link to the less restrictive UploadWizard on Commons. Please help translating the [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki:Abusefilter-disallowed-cross-wiki-upload|message]] or give feedback on the message text. Please also update your local help pages to explain this restriction. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370598]
* On wikis with temporary accounts enabled and Meta-Wiki, administrators may now set up a footer for the Special:Contributions pages of temporary accounts, similar to those which can be shown on IP and user-account pages. They may do it by creating the page named &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;MediaWiki:Sp-contributions-footer-temp&lt;/code&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398347]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.12|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 2025]] will run from August 6–9. The [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ program is available] for you to plan which sessions you want to attend. Most sessions will be live-streamed, with exceptions for those that show the &quot;no camera&quot; icon. If you are joining online to watch live-streams and use the interactive features, please [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Registration|register]] for a free virtual ticket. For example, you may be interested in technical sessions such as:
** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/KFEFVG/ Temporary Accounts: Enhancing privacy for our unregistered editors]
** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TVCVAB/ Building a Sustainable Future for Wikimedia Contributors]
** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/WTRQCJ/ A dozen visions for wikitext!]
** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/8YKKP9/ Coordinate Across Stakeholders with the Product and Technology Advisory Council]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2025|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Fall 2025]] will be held 28–30 October 2025 in Hanover, Germany. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/31|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W31&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:26, 29 July 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=29051727 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2025-32 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W32&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/32|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Editors can now enable the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|User Info card]]. This feature adds an icon next to usernames on history pages and similar user-contribution log pages. When you tap or click on the icon, it displays data related to that user account such as the number of edits, reverted edits, blocks, and more. It's part of a broader project to make it easier for moderators to evaluate account trustworthiness. The feature can be enabled in [[testwiki:Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|your global preferences]], and later this week it will be available in local preferences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386439]
* Everybody is invited to share comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Collaborative Contributions]], a project recently launched by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team|Connection team]]. The project aims to create a new way to display the impact of collaborative editing activities (such as edit-a-thons, backlog drives, and WikiProjects) on the wikis. Post your comments on the [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378035]
* Administrators can now define the default block duration for temporary accounts. To do that, they need to create a page named &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;MediaWiki:Ipb-default-expiry-temporary-account&lt;/code&gt; and use a value defined in &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;MediaWiki:Ipboptions&lt;/code&gt;. This allows administrators to easily block temporary accounts for 90 days, which is functionally equivalent to an indefinite block. The advantage of this solution is that it does not clutter Special:BlockList. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block and unblock#Default block duration options|More documentation]] is available. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398626]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Gadgets can now include &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;.vue&lt;/code&gt; files. This makes it easier to develop modern user interfaces using [[mw:Vue.js|Vue.js]], in particular using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the official design system of Wikimedia. [[wmdoc:codex/latest/icons/overview.html|Codex icons]] can be loaded through the gadget definition. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Pages|The documentation]] has examples. For user scripts that use Vue.js, an [[mw:API:CodexIcons|API module]] now exists to load Codex icons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340460][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311099]
* Module developers can now use a [[mw:Help:Extension:Translate/Message Bundles/Lua reference|Lua interface]] to simplify the preparation of Lua modules for translation on Meta-Wiki. This improvement makes it easier for translators to find and edit module strings without dealing with raw Lua code. It helps prevent mistakes that could break the module during translation. Module developers and translators are invited to [[commons:File:Translatable modules video demo July 2025.webm|watch the demo video]], read more about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translatable modules|translatable modules]] to understand how it works, refer to Meta-Wiki's [[m:Module:User Wikimedia project|Module:User Wikimedia project]] for example usage, and [[mw:Talk:Translatable modules|share their feedback]] on how well it addresses the challenges in their workflow. The interface still has some performance issues, so it should not be used in widely used modules yet. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359918]
* Developers of external tools that connect to Wikimedia pages must set a user-agent that complies with [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|the user-agent policy]]. This policy will start to be more strongly enforced in August because of external crawlers that are [[diffblog:2025/04/01/how-crawlers-impact-the-operations-of-the-wikimedia-projects/|overusing]] Wikimedia's resources. Tools that are hosted on Wikimedia's Toolforge or Cloud VPS will not be affected by this for now, but should still set a user-agent. [[phab:T400119|More technical details are available]], and related questions are welcome in that task.
* Parsoid Read Views is going to be rolling out to some smaller Wikipedias over the next few weeks, following the successful transition of Wikivoyages and Wiktionaries to Parsoid Read Views. For more information, see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]] project page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/profile/7694/]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.13|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 2025]] will run from August 6–9. The [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ program is available] for you to plan which sessions you want to attend. Most sessions will be live-streamed, with exceptions for those that show the &quot;no camera&quot; icon. If you are joining online to watch live-streams and use the interactive features, please [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Registration|register]] for a free virtual ticket. For example, you may be interested in technical sessions such as:
** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/GEH9DH/ Wikimedia’s knowledge infrastructure in a changing internet: Establishing sustainable pathways for content reuse]
** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/7ELN9Q/ Wikifunctions is coming soon to a wiki near you!]
** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/ZMGVJV/ Shaping the Future of Wikipedia’s Reader Experience]
** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/KCKTFZ/ Making Wikipedia More Readable: What Comes Next]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/32|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W32&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 03:40, 5 August 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=29083927 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2025-33 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W33&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/33|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The WikiEditor toolbar now includes [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:WikiEditor#Keyboard shortcuts|its keyboard shortcuts]] in the tooltips for its buttons. This will help to improve the discoverability of this feature. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400583]
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] published a set of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|proposed experiments]] the Wikimedia Foundation can try to improve communication with community. Feedback on the proposals are welcomed until August 22 on [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|this talk page]].
* The search bar on the Minerva skin (mobile) has been updated to use the same type-ahead search component that is used on the Vector 2022 skin. There are no changes in search functionality but there are minor visual changes. Specifically, the close-search button has been changed from an &quot;X&quot; to a back arrow. This helps to distinguish it from the other &quot;X&quot; button that is used to clear any text. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393944]
* Editors on some wikis will see a new toggle for &quot;Group results by page&quot; on watchlist, related changes, and recent changes pages. This is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment|an A/B experiment]] that is planned to start on August 11, and will run for 3–6 weeks on the Bengali, Chinese, Czech, French, Greek, Portuguese, and Urdu Wikipedias. The experiment will examine how making this feature more discoverable might affect editors' ability to find the edits they are looking for. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The multiwiki datasets of [[:wikt:en:Module:Unicode data|Unicode data]] have been moved to [[c:Category:Unicode Module Datasets|Category:Unicode Module Datasets]] on Wikimedia Commons, to follow the idea of &quot;One common data source, multiple local wikis&quot;. Most wikis have been updated to use the Commons version. You can ask questions at [[c:Category talk:Unicode Module Datasets|the talkpage]]. [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Module_talk:Unicode_data#Data_from_commons]
* Lua code can add warnings when something is wrong, by using the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;mw.addWarning()&lt;/code&gt; function. It is now possible to add more than one warning, instead of new warnings replacing old ones. If you maintain a Lua module that used warnings, you should check it still works as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398390]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.14|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/33|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W33&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:29, 11 August 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=29106516 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2025-34 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W34&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/34|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Later this week, people who are logged-in and have the &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|Discussion tools]]&quot; [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature]] enabled will gain the ability to &quot;Thank&quot; individual comments directly from talk pages, rather than needing to navigate to page history. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Comment actions|Learn more about this feature]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400849]
* An A/B test comparing two versions of the desktop donate link launched on testwiki on 12 August and on English Wikipedia 14 August for 0.1% of logged out users on the desktop site. The experiment will run for three weeks, ending on 12 September. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395716]
* An A/A test to measure the baseline for reader retention was launched 12 August using [[wikitech:Experimentation Lab|Experimentation Lab]]. This measures the percentage of users who revisit a wiki after their initial visit over a 14-day period. No visual changes are expected. The experiment will run through 31 August. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399227]
* Five new wikis have been created:
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource/en}} in [[d:Q34057|Tagalog]] ([[s:tl:|&lt;code&gt;s:tl:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T388639]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource/en}} in [[d:Q36213|Madurese]] ([[s:mad:|&lt;code&gt;s:mad:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391747]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q3450749|Rakhine]] ([[w:rki:|&lt;code&gt;w:rki:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392490]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikibooks/en}} in [[d:Q13324|Minangkabau]] ([[b:min:|&lt;code&gt;b:min:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395452]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q7598268|Standard Moroccan Amazigh]] ([[wikt:zgh:|&lt;code&gt;wikt:zgh:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399684]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:46}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:46|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.15|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/34|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W34&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:38, 19 August 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=29127690 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2025-35 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W35&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/35|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Template authors can now use additional CSS properties, since the CSS sanitizer used by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateStyles|TemplateStyles]] was updated. For example: &lt;code&gt;width: fit-content&lt;/code&gt;; &lt;code&gt;ruby-align&lt;/code&gt;; relative units such as &lt;code&gt;lh&lt;/code&gt;; and custom strings in &lt;code&gt;list-style-type&lt;/code&gt;. These improvements are a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Allow use of modern CSS in templates by updating the TemplateStyles CSS sanitizer|Community Wishlist wish]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T277755][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T293633][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295088][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326906][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340057][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T360725][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371809][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375344][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T394619]
* On large wikis, the default time period to display edits from, within the Special:RecentChanges page, has been changed from 7 days to 1 day. This is part of a performance improvement project. This should have no user-facing impact due to the quantity of edits on these wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399455]
* Administrators can now access the [[{{#special:BlockedExternalDomains}}]] page from the [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration}}]] list page. This makes it easier to find. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393240]
* Wikimedia Commons videos were not shown in the Videos tab in Google Search. The problem was investigated and reported to Google who have now fixed the issue. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396168][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Wishlist/Wishes/Do_something_about_Google_%26_DuckDuckGo_search_not_indexing_media_files_and_categories_on_Commons] 
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q33014|Betawi]] ([[wikt:bew:|&lt;code&gt;wikt:bew:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402130]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:39}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:39|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Two fields of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Recentchanges table|recentchanges database table]] are being removed. &lt;code&gt;rc_new&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;rc_type&lt;/code&gt; are being removed in favor of &lt;code&gt;rc_source&lt;/code&gt;. Queries to these older fields will start to fail starting this week and developers should use &lt;code&gt;rc_source&lt;/code&gt; instead. These older fields were deprecated over 10 years ago and should not be in use. This is part of work to improve the performance and stability of queries to the recentchanges table. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400696] 
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.16|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/July|Language and Internationalization Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: support for new languages in MediaWiki and translatewiki; the start of the Language Onboarding and Development project to help support the growth of new and small wikis; updates on research projects; and more.

'''Meetings and events'''
* The next [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#29 August 2025|Language Community Meeting]] is happening soon, August 29th at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1756479600 15:00 UTC]. This week's meeting will cover: the Avro keyboard developers from Wikimedia Bangladesh, who were recently awarded a national award for their contributions to this keyboard; and other topics. 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/35|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W35&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:12, 26 August 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-36 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W36&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Editing team wants to compile a list of templates, jargon terms, and policies used in edit summaries when a copyright violation is removed. This will help them identify the number of edits reverted due to copyright issues. We invite community members from the following Wikis to list these terms in [[Phab:T402601|T402601]], or to share their list with [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]]: {{int:project-localized-name-arwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-plwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-viwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zhwiki/en}}. This project is open until September 9th 2025.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled for all Wikisources. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the Deployment information page. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#How_to_Request_the_CampaignEvents_Extension_for_your_wiki]
* The lists in the footer of the editing interface, such as &quot;Templates used on this page,&quot; will now be organized into columns when there is enough space. This enhancement minimizes scrolling when editing lengthy articles on Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401066]
* On September 3rd, 2025 we will increase the sampling percentages of our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment#Scope of the experiment|group by toggle experiment]] of the &lt;code&gt;Special:RecentChanges&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;Special:Watchlist&lt;/code&gt;, and &lt;code&gt;Special:RelatedChanges&lt;/code&gt; pages on the Chinese, French, and Portuguese Wikipedias to 100 percent, allowing more editors to be part of this experiment. This adjustment is intended to ensure we have sufficient data to make informed decisions when evaluating the experiment results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789]
* Upon clicking an empty search bar, logged-out users will see suggestions of articles for further reading on English Wikipedia beginning the week of September 22. The feature will be available on both desktop and mobile. All non-English wikis received this change in June and July. The goal is to make it easier for users to find articles. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Learn more]].
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:37}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:37|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.17|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* Wikifunctions now has a new capability called &quot;lightweight enumeration types&quot;, an enumeration type is simply a fixed set of values that's in the type's definition. This capability makes it quick and easy to define such a type, and allows for the reuse of values that are already present in Wikidata. Here is [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-07-19|a newsletter]] to learn more.
* The latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Newsletter updates#August 2025: Newsletter #1|Readers Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: the formation of two new teams — Reader Growth and Reader Experience; insights into declining pageviews and account creations; highlights from the Wikimania Nairobi panel on improving the reading experience; upcoming experiments to engage new and existing readers; and more.

'''Meetings and events'''
* Spotlight on some Wikimania 2025 Sessions:
** Identifying AI-generated text by searching for ISBNs whose checksums fail: Mathias Schindler of WMDE [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dw9o8Lsl974&amp;t=15910s shared tools to help communities search for these].
** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TCHZKH/ La durabilité du mouvement Wikimedia face aux défis actuels et futurs]: This session explored how Wikimedia can stay a trusted source of knowledge in the age of generative AI, information overload, and disinformation.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W36&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:50, 1 September 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-37 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W37&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/37|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Editing team is working on a new check: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Paste check|Paste check]]. This check informs newcomers who paste text into Wikipedia that the content might not be accepted. This check is an effort to increase the likelihood that the new content people are adding to Wikipedia is aligned with the Movement's commitment to offering information under a free content license. This check will soon be tested at a few wikis. If your community is interested in this test, please [[phab:T403680|tell us in this task]], or [[mw:Talk:Edit check|contact the team]].

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Later this week, users of the &quot;{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}&quot; [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will be able to use a [[w:en:Lint (software)|linting tool]] to see errors or other potential problems in wikitext in real time. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|help page for more information]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381577]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] When browsing a wiki (like &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;en.wikipedia.org&lt;/code&gt;), the software responds in one of two ways: a desktop page, or a redirect to a mobile version on an &quot;m&quot; domain (like &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;en.m.wikipedia.org&lt;/code&gt;). Over the next three weeks, MediaWiki will start displaying the mobile version to mobile devices directly on the standard domain, without this redirect. This change does not affect existing m-dot URLs, or the &quot;Desktop view&quot; opt-out. [[mw:Requests for comment/Mobile domain sunsetting/2025 Announcement|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214998]
* When an edit changes the categories of a page, the changes to the category membership counts are now happening asynchronously. This improves the speed of saving edits, especially when moving many pages to or from the same category, and reduces the risk of site outages, but it means that the counts can show outdated information for a few minutes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365303] 
* Edits on Wikidata to qualifiers (properties and values) and references (properties and values) in a Wikidata item statement will now not add entries to the RecentChanges or Watchlist pages on all other Wikis. This is a temporary change to improve performance while other solutions are created. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Reduce change propagation noise#Phase 1: Turn off (temporarily) Qualifiers and References Wikidata edits to the Recent Changes tables|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401286][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400698]
* Japanese-language wikis have had a major upgrade to the way that search works. The new search should generally give more accurate and more relevant search results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318269]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.18|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/37|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W37&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:14, 9 September 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=29238161 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2025-38 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W38&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/38|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* References lists that are made using the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;references/&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Cite#references-tag|tag]] will now automatically display with columns in Vector 2022 when readers are using its 'standard' settings for text-size and page-width. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334941]
* Starting in the week of October 6, on [[gitiles:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|small wikis]] and [[gitiles:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|medium wikis]] that have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] enabled, all autoconfirmed users will be able to use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] as an organizer. No changes will be made for [[gitiles:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/large.dblist|large wikis]] unless requested in Phabricator. This change is being made to make it easier for more people to use Event Registration, especially on wikis that are less likely to have policies related to the Event Organizer right. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Proposal to grant autoconfirmed users on small and medium wikis the organizer access to the event registration tool|Learn more]].
* Users that search using regular expressions (regex) can now use additional features including:
** for the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;intitle:&lt;/code&gt; keyword: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Metacharacters|metacharacters]] for start-of-line (&lt;code dir=ltr&gt;^&lt;/code&gt;) and end-of-line (&lt;code dir=ltr&gt;$&lt;/code&gt;) anchors [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T317599]
** for both &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;intitle:&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;insource:&lt;/code&gt; keywords: shorthand [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Character_Classes|character classes]] for digits (&lt;code dir=ltr&gt;\d&lt;/code&gt;), whitespace (&lt;code dir=ltr&gt;\s&lt;/code&gt;), and word characters (&lt;code dir=ltr&gt;\w&lt;/code&gt;); and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Escape codes|escape codes]] for line feed (&lt;code dir=ltr&gt;\r&lt;/code&gt;), newline (&lt;code dir=ltr&gt;\n&lt;/code&gt;), tab (&lt;code dir=ltr&gt;\t&lt;/code&gt;), and unicode (e.g. &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;\uHHHH&lt;/code&gt;). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403212]
* When you search for text that looks like an IP, the system will now show search results. It used to take you to the contributions for that IP instead of showing search results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306325]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on September 24. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests which happen twice a year. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the background and details of this process on the Diff blog]].
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that affected users who used the page-tabs to switch from wikitext editing of a section into the visualeditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401043]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The MediaWiki Interfaces team is redesigning the Wikimedia REST API Sandbox with Codex. If you have feedback on improvements for the API documentation or what makes developer experiences smooth (or frustrating), you’re invited to [https://calendar.google.com/calendar/u/0/appointments/schedules/AcZssZ2aZzbXeQvjOF7gB1fJXiwAYemQjKf4sXNaRODPA7_obFyNBwkzNkoVCoTF-aeov89kIjXHbCQm join an upcoming discovery interview], or [[mw:MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Developer Feedback/Wikimedia Web APIs|leave feedback onwiki]]. [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/C4FBAOA57PH6G5ORVMAUF5TGYBLZDU5Q/|Learn more]].
* Edits to Wikidata aliases (an alternative name for an item or a property) will now be shown in RecentChanges and Watchlist entries on other wikis less often, reducing unnecessary notifications. This will reduce the overall quantity of 'noisy' entries. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Reduce change propagation noise#Phase 1: More granular Alias tracking|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401288]
* The new [https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode17.0.0/ Unicode 17.0] version has been released. The [[:c:Category:Unicode Module Datasets|datasets on Commons]] for the [[:d:Q39301585|Module:Unicode data]] have been updated. Wikipedias that do not use the Commons datasets should either update their own data or switch to the Commons datasets.
* Users of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] Structured Contents endpoints can now access [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/parsed-wikipedia-tables/ Parsed Tables]. The new Parsed Tables feature extracts and represents Wikipedia tables in structured JSON. This improves machine accessibility as part of the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/api/structured-contents/ Structured Contents initiative]. Structured Contents output is freely available through the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/on-demand/#article-structured-contents-beta On-demand API], or through Wikimedia Cloud Services. 
* A [https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/wikimedia-foundation/english-wikipedia-people-dataset dataset of English Wikipedia biographical information] from [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] has been published on Kaggle, for evaluation and research. This provides structured data from more than 1.5 million biographies, including birth and death dates, education, affiliations, careers, awards, and more (from a June 2024 snapshot).
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.19|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Scholarships|Scholarship applications]] for Wikimania 2026 in Paris, France, are open until October 31.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/38|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W38&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 17:07, 15 September 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=29263921 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2025-39 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W39&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 On September 24th at 15:00 UTC], all Wikimedia sites users will experience a brief read-only period due to a scheduled [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|datacenter server switchover]]. The Wikimedia Foundation's Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) team will redirect all traffic from one primary server to its backup. You can listen to the switchover using the [http://listen.hatnote.com/ &quot;Listen to Wikipedia&quot;] tool, where you will hear edits stop for a few minutes during the read-only phase, then resume. This twice-yearly datacenter server switchover ensures reliability by testing the backup datacenter, so that our sites can stay online even if the primary datacenter fails. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the process on the Diff blog]].

'''Updates for editors'''
* Editors of [[f:Special:Mylanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-09-12#Next round of Wiktionaries to receive embedded Wikifunctions calls|60 more Wiktionaries]] will soon be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them into their pages. A function takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, like adding numbers, converting miles to meters, calculating elapsed time, or declining a word into a case. They will join the other [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-29#Wikifunctions available on 65 Wiktionaries|65 Wiktionary language editions]], which already have access to embedded Wikifunctions calls. Later this year, plans are in place to expand to more Wiktionaries and the Incubator.
* A new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#Technical metadata of another page|parser function]] has been added: &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{#contentmodel}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. Template editors and admins can use it to get the localized or canonical name of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|content model]] of a specific page. The function makes it easier to create and edit system messages, such as ''MediaWiki:editinginterface'', even when you switch types of pages, like wiki, JavaScript, CSS or JSON page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328254]
* Adding or editing a &lt;code&gt;DISPLAYTITLE&lt;/code&gt; for an article using VisualEditor will no longer be broken. Editors who use VisualEditor mode to modify the &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{DISPLAYTITLE}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; would no longer have the literal text &quot;DISPLAYTITLE&quot; or its localized variant added to their articles. A list of pages that may have been affected and might need cleanup is documented in [[phab:P83438|this ticket]]. 
* Beta users of the Wikipedia Android app can now try the redesigned [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Activity Tab Experiment|Activity tab]], which replaces the Edits tab. The new tab offers personalized insights into reading, editing, and donation activity, while simplifying navigation and making app use more engaging.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:12}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:12|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.20|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* Wikifunctions users can now import many essential facts involving [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6011|geo-coordinates]], [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6010|quantities]] and [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6064|time]] values from Wikidata. This is made possible by the creation of Wikifunctions types for these values, which makes them available for use by functions in Wikifunctions. Learn more about how this works in [[c:File:ImportingWikidataDatatypesIntoWikifunctions.webm|this video]] and Wikifunctions' [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-01#News in Types I: Wikidata quantity|August 1 newsletter]] (for quantities) and [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-22#News in Types: Wikidata geo-coordinate|August 22 newsletter]] (for geo-coordinates).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W39&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:55, 22 September 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=29305556 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2025-40 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W40&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* A major software upgrade has been made to [[phab:|Phabricator]]. The update introduces performance improvements, a refreshed search interface, enhancements to Maniphest task search, updates to user profile pages and project workboards, new Herald automation features, as well as general text input, mobile experience improvements and more. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/phame/post/view/321/iterative_improvements_september_2025/]

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Community Tech team will release the new Community Wishlist extension on October 1, that will improve the way wishes will be submitted. The new extension will allow users to add tags to their wishes to better categorise them, and (in a future iteration) to filter them by status, tags and focus areas. It will also be possible to support individual wishes again, as requested by the community in many instances. The old system will be retired. There will be a brief period of downtime while the extension is deployed and wishes are migrated to the new system. You can read more about this [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|in the latest update]] or you can consult the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CommunityRequests|current documentation on MediaWiki]].
* As announced [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|on Diff blog]], the production trial of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|hCaptcha]] service for bot detection has begun. The trial is currently using hCaptcha to protect account creation on Chinese, Persian, Portuguese, Indonesian, Japanese, and Turkish Wikipedias, where it will replace our existing [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ConfirmEdit#FancyCaptcha|CAPTCHA]] (FancyCaptcha). The goal with the trial is to better block bots while also improving usability and accessibility for users who encounter CAPTCHA challenges.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension has been [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|deployed]] to Wikimedia Commons. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. On Commons, anyone who is a registered user can use it as an event participant. To use it as an organizer, someone needs to have the [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Event organizers|event organizer right]].
* [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to German Wikipedia. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|test the feature]] on testwiki or [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on betawiki] as well. Please share your thoughts on [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Templates used in sub-references|using templates in sub-references]] or [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|volunteer to become a pilot wiki]].
* On wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|Mentorship]] system, communities can now opt experienced editors out of Mentorship through [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship}}]]. Within this setting, communities may define thresholds, based on edit count and account age, to decide when an editor is considered experienced enough to no longer receive Mentorship. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403563]
* The Editing Team and the Machine Learning Team are working on a new check for newcomers: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tone Check|Tone check]]. Using a prediction model, this check will encourage editors to improve the tone of their edits, using artificial intelligence. We invite volunteers to review the first version of the Tone language model for the following languages: Arabic, Czech, German, Hebrew, Indonesian, Dutch, Polish, Russian, Turkish, Chinese, Farsi, Italian, Norwegian, Romanian and Latvian. Users from these wikis interested in reviewing this model are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check/Tone_Check/Model_evaluation|invited to sign up at MediaWiki.org]]. The deadline to sign up is on October 3, which will be the start date of the test.
* The rollout of [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|multiblocks]] had the side effect that non-active block logs may have been shown on {{#special:Contributions}} and on blocked users' user and user_talk pages. This issue will be fully resolved in a few days. As part of the fix, [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=sp-contributions-blocked-notice}} messages prefixed with &lt;code&gt;sp-contributions-blocked-notice&lt;/code&gt;] will be removed and replaced with [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=blocked-notice-logextract}} those prefixed with &lt;code&gt;blocked-notice-logextract&lt;/code&gt;] in a few weeks. Please help translate the new messages and update any local overrides if needed.
* There was a bug with links added using visual editor if they included characters such as &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[ ] |&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; after the fragment identifier (&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;#&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;). They were not encoded properly creating an incorrect link. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404823]
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote/en}} in [[d:Q9237|Malay]] ([[q:ms:|&lt;code&gt;q:ms:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404698]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|User Info Card]] now displays currently active global lock/blocks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401128]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Later this week, editors using Lua modules will be able to use the &lt;code&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.title.newBatch|mw.title.newBatch]]&lt;/code&gt; function to look up the existence of up to 25 pages at once, in a way that only increases the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parser functions#Expensive parser functions|expensive function]] count once.
* A new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Unsupported Tools Working Group]] has been formed as part of ongoing efforts to collectively determine technical work priorities, similar to the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product &amp; Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC). The working group will help prioritize and review requests for support of unmaintained extensions, gadgets, bots, and tools. For the first cycle, the group will be prioritizing an unsupported Wikimedia Commons tool.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.21|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W40&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:52, 29 September 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-41 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W41&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/41|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#paste|Paste Check]] is a new Edit Check feature to help avoid and fight copyright violations. When editors paste text into an article, Paste Check prompts them to confirm the origin and licensing of the content. Starting Wednesday, 8 October, [[phab:T403680|22 wikis will test Paste Check]]. Paste Check will help new volunteers understand and follow the policies and guidelines necessary to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia projects.
'''Updates for editors'''
* Mobile devices will receive mobile articles directly on the standard domain (like &lt;code&gt;en.wikipedia.org&lt;/code&gt;), instead of via a redirect to an &quot;m&quot; domain (like &lt;code&gt;en.m.wikipedia.org&lt;/code&gt;). This change improves performance. This week it will be enabled on Wikipedias. The existing mobile URLs and the &quot;Desktop view&quot; opt-out remain available. [[mw:Requests for comment/Mobile domain sunsetting/2025 Announcement|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214998]
* New [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#creationdate and lasteditdate|date filters]], &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;creationdate:&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;lasteditdate:&lt;/code&gt;, are now available in the wiki search engine. This allows users to filter search results by a page's first or last revision date. The filters support comparison operators (e.g. &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;&gt;2024&lt;/code&gt;) and relative dates (e.g. &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;today-1d&lt;/code&gt;), making it easier to find recently updated content or pages within specific age ranges. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403593]
* [[f:|Wikifunctions]] now supports rich text in embedded calls across the 150 wikis where it's enabled. To showcase this, the team created a [[f:Z26333|Latin declination table]] that Wiktionary editors can use to automatically generate noun forms, producing clear, formatted results — see an [[f:Wikifunctions:Embedded function calls/Wiktionary tables demonstration|example output]]. If you need any help or have any feedback, please [[f:Wikifunctions:Project chat|contact the Wikifunctions Team]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397402]
* An edit link will now appear inside the categories box on article pages for logged in users, which will directly launch the VisualEditor category dialog. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T291691]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a problem downloading pdf files last week and that has been resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405957]
'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The field &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;rev_sha1&lt;/code&gt; in the revision database table is being removed in favor of &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;content_sha1&lt;/code&gt; in the content database table. See [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/2D2M3SP4WHR6BXXKTZ2PBLZQYR3EGQVR/ the announcement] for more information.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web|Reader Experience team]] will roll out [[w:en:Light-on-dark color scheme|Dark Mode]] user interface on all Wikimedia sites on October 29, 2025. All anonymous users of Wikimedia sites will have the option to activate a color scheme that features light-colored text on a dark background. This is designed to provide a more comfortable reading experience, especially in low-light situations. Template authors and technical contributors are encouraged to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-04|learn how to make pages ready for Dark mode]] and address any compatibility issues found in templates in their wiki before the enablement. Please contact the Web team for questions or any support on [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading#|this talk page]] before the enablement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395628]
* Starting on Monday, October 6, API endpoints under the &lt;code&gt;rest.php&lt;/code&gt; path will be rerouted through a new internal API Gateway. Individual wikis will be updated based on the standard release groups, with total traffic increased over time. This change is expected to be non-breaking and non-disruptive. If any issues are observed, please file a Phabricator ticket to the [[phab:tag/serviceops/|Service Ops team board]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400130]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.22|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/41|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W41&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 17:23, 6 October 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-42 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W42&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/42|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Last week, improvements to account security and two-factor authentication (2FA) features were enabled across all wikis. These changes include user interface improvements for [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity], the support of multiple 2FA methods via authenticator apps and portable security keys (previously users could only enable one method), and a new Recovery Codes module which facilitates fewer account lockouts due to lost two-factor apps and devices. As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project, work is continuing through the rest of 2025 on further user experience improvements, and support for passkeys as an alternate second factor. 

'''Updates for editors'''

* Another part of the Account security project is making 2FA generally available to all users. Along with editors with advanced privileges, such as administrators and bureaucrats, 40% of editors now have access to 2FA. You can check if you have access at [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity]. Instructions for activation are on the linked page. The plan is to continue increasing availability if it is determined that the user support capabilities are able to support global usage. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400579]
* This week, users at wikis where talk page [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|Usability Improvements]] are already available by default (everywhere ''except'' the 12 wikis listed in [[phab:T379264|T379264]]) will gain the ability to Thank a comment directly from the talk page it appears on. Before this change, Thanking could only be done by visiting the revision history of the talk page. You can [[diffblog:2025/10/13/revolutionizing-gratitude-a-new-era-of-thanking-comments/|learn more about this change]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366095]
* Users who have not [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal-email|verified their email address]] will soon be receiving monthly Notification reminders to do so. This is because users who have verified their email can more easily recover their account. These reminders will not be sent if the user is inactive or removes the unverified email from their account. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email_confirmation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T58074]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a fix was made for an occasional error with saving translated paragraphs in the Content Translation tool, and the related error messages are now easier to see. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376531]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''

* The Unsupported Tools Working Group has chosen [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] as the first tool for its pilot cycle. The group will explore ways to improve and sustain the tool over the coming months. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Learn more on Meta]].
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.23|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/42|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W42&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 18:59, 13 October 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-43 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W43&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/43|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* To optimize how user data is stored in our databases, the saved preferences of users who haven't logged in for over five years and have fewer than 100 edits will be cleared. When those users return, default settings will apply. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406724]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a broken link from the GlobalContributions interface message to the XTools GlobalContributions page which has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406415]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The work to reroute all traffic to API endpoints under the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;rest.php&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; route through a common API gateway is now complete. If any issues are observed, please file a phabricator ticket to the [[phab:tag/serviceops/|Service Ops team board]].
* Edits to Wikidata references or qualifiers will now be shown in RecentChanges and Watchlist entries on other wikis less often, reducing unnecessary notifications. This will reduce the overall quantity of 'noisy' entries. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401290]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.24|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/43|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W43&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:36, 20 October 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-44 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W44&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Wikipedia iOS app has launched an A/B/C test of improvements made to the tabbed browsing feature for select regions and languages. The test, named “More dynamic tabs”, explores new tab experiences and includes “Did you know” and “Because you read” article recommendations. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)/New Tab Experience and Recommendations Experiment|read more on the project page]].
* Autoconfirmed users on [[gitiles:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|small]] and [[gitiles:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|medium wikis]] with the CampaignEvents extension can now use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] without the Event Organizer right. This feature lets organizers enable registration, manage participants, and lets users register with one click instead of signing event pages.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue of flashing colors when holding or pressing the arrow keys under the dark mode settings in Vector 2022 has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402285]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''

* The CampaignEvents extension will be deployed to all remaining wikis during the week of 17 November 2025. The extension currently includes three features: Event Registration, Collaboration List, and Invitation List. For this rollout, Invitation List will not be enabled on Wikifunctions and MediaWiki unless requested by those communities. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|Visit the deployment page to learn more]].
* The SwaggerUI-based REST sandbox experience is now live on all wiki projects. The sandbox can be accessed through the [[{{#special:RestSandbox}}]] page. Please report any issues to the MediaWiki Interfaces team board, or join the discussion on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Feature Feedback/REST Sandbox|project launch]] page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/6931/]
* Transform endpoints with a trailing slash path in the MediaWiki REST API are now marked as deprecated. They will remain functional during this time, but removal is expected by the end of January 2026. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=mw-extra&amp;title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox]. See the [[mw:API/Deprecation|MediaWiki REST API Deprecation]] page for more detailed information about the API deprecation policies and procedures.
* A dedicated [[mw:API:REST API/Changelog|changelog now exists for the MediaWiki REST API]]. The changelog provides an overview of these changes, making it easier for developers to keep track of improvements and iterations. Announcements will also continue to flow through the standard communication channels, including Tech News and email distribution lists, but can now be more easily referenced from a central location. If you have feedback about the style, structure, or content of this changelog, please [[mw:API talk:REST API/Changelog|join the discussion]].
* Administrators can delete the tracking category which was previously added by the JsonConfig extension, as it is no longer used. See the categories linked from [[d:Q130635582#sitelinks-wikipedia|Q130635582]]. It is OK if there are still pages listed in the category as that is just a caching issue, and they will be automatically cleared out the next time each page is edited. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378352]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.25|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W44&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:31, 27 October 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-45 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W45&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/45|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Administrators will now find that [[{{#special:MergeHistory}}]] is now significantly more flexible about what it can merge. It can now merge sections taken from the middle of the history of the source (rather than only the start) and insert revisions anywhere in the history of the destination page (rather than only the start). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382958]
* For users with &quot;{{int:discussiontools-preference-autotopicsub}}&quot; [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|enabled in their preferences]], starting a new topic or adding a reply to an existing topic will now subscribe them to replies to that topic. Previously, this would only happen if the DiscussionTools &quot;{{int:Skin-action-addsection}}&quot; or &quot;{{int:Discussiontools-replybutton}}&quot; widgets were used. When DiscussionTools was originally launched existing accounts were not opted in to automatic topic subscriptions, so this change should primarily affect newer accounts and users who have deliberately changed their preferences since that time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290778]
* Scribunto modules can now be used to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#SVG library|generate SVG images]]. This can be used to build charts, graphics and other visualizations dynamically through Lua, reducing the need to compose them externally and upload them as files. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405861]
* Wikimedia sites now provide all anonymous users with the option to enable a dark mode color scheme, featuring light-colored text on a dark background. This enhancement aims to deliver a more enjoyable reading experience, especially in dimly lit environments.  [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395628]
* Users with large watchlists have long faced timeouts when editing [[Special:EditWatchlist|Special:EditWatchlist]]. The page now loads entries in smaller sections instead of all at once due to a paging update, allowing everyone to edit their watchlists smoothly. As part of the database update, sorting by expiry has been removed because it was over 100× slower than sorting by title. A [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Wishlist/W454 community wish] has been created to explore alternative ways to restore sort-by-expiry. If this feature is important to you, please support the wish! [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T41510]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the fixing of the persisting highlighting when using VisualEditor find and replace during a query. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T407318]
'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Since 2019 the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]] at https://w.wiki is available for all Wikimedia wikis to create short links to articles, permalinks, diffs, etc. It is available in the sidebar as &quot;Get shortened URL&quot;. There are 30 wikis that also install an older &quot;ShortUrl&quot; extension. The old extension will soon be removed. This means &lt;code&gt;/s/&lt;/code&gt; URLs will not be advertised under article titles via HTML &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;class=&quot;title-shortlink&quot;&lt;/code&gt;. The &lt;code&gt;/s/&lt;/code&gt; URLs will keep working. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T107188]
* On Thursday, October 30, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Interfaces Team|MediaWiki Interfaces]] and [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Service Operations]] teams began rerouting Action API traffic through a common API gateway. Individual wikis will be updated based on the standard release groups, with total traffic increased over time. This change is expected to be non-breaking and non-disruptive. If any issues are observed, please file a Phabricator ticket to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/tag/serviceops/ Service Ops team] board.
* MediaWiki Train deployments will pause for the final two weeks of 2025: 22 December and 29 December. Backport windows will also pause between Monday, 22 December 2025 and Thursday, 2 January 2026. A backport window is a scheduled time to add things like bug fixes and configuration changes. There are seven deployment trains remaining for 2025. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/SMWTEAES4SDLDUSK4HMWNBSKNCXZAWYN/]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.26|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* In 2025, the Wikimedia Foundation reported that AI systems and search engines increasingly use Wikipedia content without driving users to the site, contributing to an 8% drop in human pageviews compared to 2024. After detecting bots disguised as humans, Wikimedia updated its traffic data to reflect this shift. Read more about current user trends on Wikipedia in [[diffblog:2025/10/17/new-user-trends-on-wikipedia/|a Diff blog post]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/45|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W45&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:34, 3 November 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-46 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W46&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
[[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]]
* Starting November 12, users will see a change in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Usability improvements|appearance of talk pages]] on [[Phab:T379264|some Wikipedias]]. Almost [[phab:T392121|all wikis]] have received this design change; [[phab:T409297|English Wikipedia]] will get these changes later. You can read more [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. Users can opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in their user preferences]] in &quot;{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}&quot;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379264]
* MediaWiki can now display a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Protection indicators|page indicator]] automatically while a page is protected. This feature is disabled by default. It can be enabled by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|community request]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T12347]
* Using the &quot;{{int:showpreview}}&quot; or &quot;{{int:showdiff}}&quot; buttons in the wikitext editor will now carry over certain URL parameters like '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#useskin|useskin]]', '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#uselang|uselang]]' and '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Section#Editing sections|section]]'. This update also fixes an issue where, if the browser crashed while previewing an edit to a single section, saving this edit could overwrite the entire page with just that section’s content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62744][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T24029][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T155097]
* Wikivoyage wikis can use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer#Markers and counters|colored map markers in the article text]]. The text of these markers will now be shown in contrasting black or white color, instead of always being white. Local workarounds for the problem can be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T369454]
* The Activity tab in the Wikipedia Android app is now available for all users. The new tab offers personalized insights into reading, editing, and donation activity, while simplifying navigation and making app use more engaging. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Android/Activity_Tab_Experiment]
* The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment called &quot;Image browsing&quot; to test how to make it easier for readers to browse and discover images on Wikipedia articles. This experiment, a mobile-only A/B test, will go live on English Wikipedia in the week of November 17 and will run for four weeks, affecting 0.05% of users on English wiki. The test launched on November 3 on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese wikis, affecting up to 10% of users on those wikis. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Reader_Growth/WE3.1.3_Image_Browsing]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example the inability to lock accounts on mobile sites has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T256185]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[wikitech:Help talk:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee#November 2025 committee nominations|Nominations are open on Wikitech]] for new [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee|Toolforge standards committee]] members. The committee oversees the Toolforge [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Right to fork policy|Right to fork policy]] and [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Abandoned tool policy|Abandoned tool policy]] among other duties. Nominations will remain open through 2025-11-28.
* The [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|JWT issuer field]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|OAuth 2 access tokens]] for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|SUL wikis]] has been changed to &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://meta.wikimedia.org&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. Old access tokens will still work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199]
* The [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|JWT subject field]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|OAuth 2 access tokens]] will soon change from &lt;code&gt;&lt;user id&gt;&lt;/code&gt; to &lt;code dir=ltr style=&quot;white-space:nowrap&quot;&gt;mw:&lt;identity type&gt;:&lt;user id&gt;&lt;/code&gt;, where &lt;code&gt;&lt;identity type&gt;&lt;/code&gt; is typically &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;CentralAuth:&lt;/code&gt;&lt;!-- not a typo --&gt; (for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|SUL wikis]]) or &lt;code dir=ltr style=&quot;white-space:nowrap&quot;&gt;local:&lt;wiki id&gt;&lt;/code&gt; (for other wikis). This is to avoid conflicts between different user ID types, and to make OAuth 2 access tokens and the &lt;code&gt;sessionJwt&lt;/code&gt; cookie more similar. Old access tokens will still work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199]
* MediaWiki's block messages ([[MediaWiki:Blockedtext|blockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-partial|blockedtext-partial]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext|autoblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Systemblockedtext|systemblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-tempuser|blockedtext-tempuser]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext-tempuser|autoblockedtext-tempuser]]) now support additional parameters indicating whether the user is blocked from editing their own user talk page &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;$9&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; or emailing other users &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;$&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;10&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285612]
* A &lt;code&gt;REL1_45&lt;/code&gt; branch for MediaWiki core and each of the extensions and skins in Wikimedia git has been created. This is the first step in the release process for MediaWiki 1.45.0, scheduled for late November 2025. If you are working on a critical bug fix or working on a new feature, you may need to take note of this change. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/ZUY7TY3Z6XPZWZVAZV63OPO5OW52Q6GE/]
* The process for generating CirrusSearch dumps has been updated due to slowing performance. If you encounter any issues migrating to the replacement dumps, please contact the Search Platform Team for support. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366248][https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/3KQPOR6ACVN6OVLMLZPIBXQSWQKW4E3K/]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.2|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W46&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:38, 10 November 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-47 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W47&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/47|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] is experimenting with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4_Reading lists|reading lists on mobile web]], allowing logged-in readers with no edits to save private lists of articles for later. The experiment is running on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias since the week of 10 November, and will begin on English Wikipedia the week of 17 November.
* Users who can’t receive their email verification code during login can now get help by submitting a form on a new special page. This update is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] initiative. If your account has an email address, please make sure you still have access to it. When logging in from a new device or location without 2FA, you may be asked to enter a 6-digit code sent by email to finish logging in. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Why are you requiring me to enter a code from my email to log in? Can I opt out of this?|Learn more]].
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q13324|Minangkabau]] ([[s:min:|&lt;code&gt;s:min:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408317]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, the Content Transform Team rolled out Parsoid as the default parser to many low-traffic Wikipedias and is preparing the next step to high traffic ones. This message is an invitation for you to opt-in to Parsoid, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation, and identify any issues you might encounter with your own workflow using bots, gadgets, or user scripts. Please, let us know through the ''&quot;Report Visual Bug&quot;'' link in the Tools sidebar or create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]].
* Unsupported Tools: Several issues with [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] have been fixed, including filename-related upload failures, black-video imports, and retry handling. AV1 support has also been added. Ongoing work focuses on backend stability, ffmpeg errors, subtitle imports, metadata handling, and playlist uploads. To track specific tasks, check the [[phab:tag/video2commons/|Phabricator board]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.3|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* Save the date for the next Wikimedia Hackathon happening in Milan, Italy from May 1–3, 2026. Registration will open in January 2026. [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/Hackathon-2026/ Scholarship applications are currently open], and will close on November 28, 2025. If you have any questions, please email &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;hackathon@wikimedia.org&lt;/bdi&gt;.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/47|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W47&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 17:26, 17 November 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-48 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W48&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/48|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Last week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Search Platform|Wikimedia Search Team]] recreated the &quot;DWIM&quot; (Do What I Mean) gadget functionality server-side, for Russian and Hebrew Wikipedias. This feature adds cross-keyboard suggestions to the standard search-box suggestions. For example, searching for ''&lt;span lang=&quot;und&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;cxfcnmt&lt;/span&gt;'' on Russian Wikipedia will now add suggestions for ''&lt;span lang=&quot;ru&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;счастье&lt;/span&gt;'' (&quot;happiness&quot;) that the user probably intended. They plan to enable this feature for other Russian and Hebrew wikis this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408734]
* Later this week, users of the &quot;{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}&quot; [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will have syntax highlighting available in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]]. This requires that the &quot;{{int:discussiontools-preference-sourcemodetoolbar}}&quot; preference be set. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T407918]
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|Campaign events extension]] – the set of tools for coordinating events and other on-wiki collaborations has now been deployed to all Wikimedia wikis. A new feature known as [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Collaborative contribution]] to help organizers and participants see the impact of activities has also been added. Join the upcoming [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Connection learning session 3|learning session]] to see the new feature in action and share your feedback.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug which stopped CodeReviewBot from working, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410417]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
*  Users of Wikimedia API can join a usability study to help validate the new design of Wikimedia REST API sandboxes. Interested participants should fill the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/487662 recruitment survey]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/IREJRRWTZTGCYWQHDMSNJFTQAEPOOAE3/]
* The MediaWiki Interfaces team is deprecating XSLT stylesheets within the Action API. Support for &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;format=xml'''&amp;xlst={stylesheet}'''&lt;/code&gt; will be removed from Wikimedia projects by the end of November, 2025. In addition, it will soon be disabled by default in MediaWiki release versions: v1.43 (LTS), v1.44, and v1.45. Support for XSLT stylesheets will be fully removed from MediaWiki v1.46 (expected to release between April and May 2026). [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/5AX7UWAVVUNUSBOIRHMNOKWOZ5EZI3JX/]
* The WDQS legacy endpoint ([https://query-legacy-full.wikidata.org/ query-legacy-full.wikidata.org]) will be decommissioned at the end of December 2025, and finally closed down on 7th January 2026. After this date, users should expect requests to query.wikidata.org that require the full graph to fail or return invalid results if they are not rewritten to use SPARQL federation. The team encourages users to ensure that tools and workflows use the supported WDQS endpoints (&lt;span dir=ltr&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://query.wikidata.org/&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt; - Main graph or &lt;span dir=ltr&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org/&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt; - Scholarly graph). For support with migrating use cases, please review the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Data_access|Data Access]] and [[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query|Request a Query]] pages for details and assistance on alternative access methods.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.4|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/48|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W48&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 15:56, 24 November 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-49 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W49&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/49|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Wikipedia Year in Review 2025 will be available on December 2 for users of iOS and Android Wikipedia apps, featuring new personalized insights, updated reading highlights, and refreshed designs. Learn more on the review's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/Updates|project page]].
* The Growth team is working on improving the text and presentation of the Verification Email sent to new users to make them more welcoming, useful and informative. Some new text have been drafted for A/B testing and you can help by translating them. See [[phab:T396155|Phabricator]].
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]] will now be deployed at Japanese, Urdu and Chinese Wikipedias on December 2. Add a link is based on a prediction model that suggests links to be added to articles. While this feature has already been available on most Wikipedias, the prediction model could not support certain languages. A new model has now been developed to handle these languages, and it will be gradually rolled out to other Wikipedias over time. If you would like to know more, please contact [[mw:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where search boxes on some Commons pages showed no results due to switch from SpecialSearch to MediaSearch, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399476]
* Two new wikis have been created:
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q36846|Toki Pona]] ([[w:tok:|&lt;code&gt;w:tok:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404457]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote}} in [[d:Q33655|Nigerian Pidgin]] ([[q:pcm:|&lt;code&gt;q:pcm:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408318]
'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.5|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* The Wikimedia Foundation is in the early stages of exploring approaches to '''Article guidance'''. The initiative aims to identify interventions that could help new editors easily understand and apply existing Wikipedia practices and policies when creating an article. The project is in the exploration and early experimental design phase. All community members are encouraged to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|learn more]] about the project, and share their thoughts on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Article guidance|the talk page]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/49|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W49&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 18:57, 1 December 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-50 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W50&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/50|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Anybody who wishes to secure their user account can now use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). This is available to all registered users of all Wikimedia projects. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] initiative. Later, 2FA will be required for all users who can take security- or privacy-sensitive actions.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Following last week's deployments, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]] feature, which allows editors to add suggested links during editing, will be available to an additional [[Phab:T410469|33 Wikipedias]] starting on 9 December. This expansion is possible thanks to the new prediction model that now supports all languages, including those that were previously not covered. While the feature has been available on most Wikipedias for some time, this rollout brings us closer to using the improved model everywhere. If you have any questions or would like more details please contact [[mw:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]].
* Last week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Search Platform|Search Platform team]] added [[w:en:Transliteration|transliterated]] as-you-type search suggestions to Georgian wikis. If there are only a few regular search suggestions, then queries in Latin or Cyrillic script [[phab:T127003|are now rewritten into Georgian script]] to look for more matches. For example, searching for either &lt;bdi lang=&quot;ka-Latn&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;''bedniereba''&lt;/bdi&gt; or &lt;bdi lang=&quot;ka-Cyrl&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;''бедниереба''&lt;/bdi&gt; will now suggest the existing article about &lt;bdi lang=&quot;ka&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;ბედნიერება&lt;/bdi&gt; (&quot;happiness&quot;). You can recommend other languages where transliterated suggestions would be useful [[phab:T375215|on Phabricator]] for future development.
* Later this week, a controlled experiment will begin for editors on the 100 largest Wikipedias who are editing a section in the mobile web visual editor. 50% of these editors will notice a new &quot;Edit full page&quot; button that will enable them to expand their editing session to the whole page. This feature is intended to make it easier for people on mobile web to edit any article section, regardless of which section-edit icon they tapped to begin. The experiment will last ~4 weeks. You can find [[phab:T409112|more details]] about the project.
* Later this week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Reader Growth team]] will launch a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.1.14 Expanded Mobile Sections|mobile web experiment]] to expand all article sections by default (currently they are collapsed by default) and pin the section header the user is currently reading to the top of the page. The experiment will affect 10% of users on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409485]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/2025 Year in Review|Wikipedia Year in Review 2025]], a feature in the Wikipedia mobile apps (iOS and Android) that provides users with a personalised summary of their engagement with Wikipedia over the year, is now available on the iOS and Android apps. This edition includes expanded personalised insights, improved reading highlights, new donor messaging, and updated designs. Open the app to view your Year in Review and explore your reading journey from 2025.
* A recent software bug caused edits made with VisualEditor to make unintended changes to wikitext, including removing whitespace and replacing spaces with underscores in wikilinks inside citations. This was partially fixed last week, and further fixes are in progress. Editors who used VisualEditor between November 28 and December 2 should review their edits for unexpected modifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411238]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the incorrect handling of URLs copied from the address bar of Microsoft Edge users, has been resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341281]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Starting this week, users of the &quot;{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}&quot; [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] as the editor for Lua, JavaScript, CSS, JSON and Vue content models, instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]]. With this, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linters]] will be upgraded. This is part of a larger effort to eventually replace CodeEditor and provide a consistent code editing experience. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373711]
* Developers are encouraged to take the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/552643 2025 Developer Satisfaction Survey], which remains open until 5 January 2026. If you build software for the Wikimedia ecosystem and would like to share your experiences or feedback, your participation is greatly appreciated. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/W4WBKO6Q55UWWCCSFWQATKEXBEHP3QNR/]
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/50|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W50&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 17:45, 8 December 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-51 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W51&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/51|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:18}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:18|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, one of the fixes addressed an issue for temporary accounts adding an external URL, which triggered an hCaptcha request in more cases than intended, and did not display the required popup on the first attempt to publish the edit. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411927]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* To improve database and site performance, external links to Wikimedia projects will no longer be stored in the database. This means they will not be searchable in [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]], will not be checked by the Spam Blacklist or AbuseFilter as new links, and will not be in the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;externallinks&lt;/code&gt; table on database replicas. In the future this may be extended to other highly-linked trusted websites on a per-wiki basis, such as Creative Commons links on Wikimedia Commons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405005]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.7|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/51|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W51&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:03, 15 December 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-52 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W52&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/52|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* From January, edit filters [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Access flags|can be set]] to automatically suppress their details such as rules and list of attempted edits and actions. This will help oversighters use edit filters to prevent doxxing or other suppressible material. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290324]
* The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 12 January 2026 because of the end of year holidays. Thank you to all of the translators, and people who submitted content or feedback, this year.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:16}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:16|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the crash that occurred when tapping &quot;First Steps&quot; in the Wikipedia Android Year in Review has now been fixed, and the feature opens as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411546]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Interface elements such as diffs and categories generated by MediaWiki used to have the attribute &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&lt;/code&gt; to distinguish from wiki content. The attribute has been replaced with &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;data-mw-interface=&quot;&quot;&lt;/code&gt;, to avoid potential conflicts with other &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;data-mw&lt;/code&gt; attributes, which are generated by Parsoid. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409187]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] There is no new MediaWiki version this week or next week.
'''Meetings and events'''
* The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications just opened mid-December and will close in mid-January or earlier if capacity is reached. With space for approximately 100 participants, early application is encouraged.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/52|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W52&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:45, 22 December 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-03 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W03&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]].

'''Updates for editors'''
* As part of the current work of Community Tech team on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W372|Multiple watchlists]] project, the display of [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]] will be updated as a first step towards multiple watchlists. Additionally, the pagination on [[Special:Search|Search]] will be updated too, as a part of the work on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W186|Revamp pagination / page navigation]] wish. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411596]
* [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] is a MediaWiki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that lets you see your watchlists from different wikis on the same page. It was recently updated to look more like the regular [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlist]], such as preparing it for temporary accounts in IP masking (including rerouting user links to contributions pages), making page titles bold, and opening links in edit summaries and tags in new browser tabs. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398361][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298919][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273526][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T286309]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where global blocks did not have the option to disable sending emails, has now been fixed, and will be available for use in the week of January 13. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401293]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Citation tool|VisualEditor citation tool]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] now support &quot;map&quot; as a reference type. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411083]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.10|MediaWiki]]/[[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.11|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W03&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:33, 12 January 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-04 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W04&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The tray shown on [[Special:Diff|Special:Diff]] in mobile view has been redesigned. It is now collapsed by default, and incorporates a link to undo the edit being viewed, making it easier for mobile editors and reviewers to take action while keeping the interface uncluttered. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402297] 
* [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now automatically determines the text direction (ensuring correct display of sites with unusual domain names) and shows detailed descriptions for log actions. Later this week, a new permanent link for page creations and CSS classes for each entry element will be added. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T412505][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287929][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262768][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414135]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the previously observed issue in Vector 2022, where anchor link targets were obscured by the sticky header, has now been addressed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406114]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* As mentioned in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|October 2025 deprecation announcement]], MediaWiki Interfaces team will begin sunsetting all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the MediaWiki REST API the week of January 26. Changes are expected to roll out to all wikis on or before January 30th. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found, compared, and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox]. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in Phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board].
* Interactive reference documentation for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia REST API|Wikimedia REST API]] has moved. Requests to API docs previously hosted through [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase|RESTBase]] (e.g.: &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/&lt;/code&gt;) are now redirected to the [[w:en:Special:RestSandbox|REST Sandbox]].
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|WMF Wikidata Platform team]] (WDP) has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|January 2026 newsletter]]. It includes updates on the legacy full-graph endpoint decommissioning, the User-Agent policy change, the monthly Blazegraph migration office hours, and efforts to reduce regressions caused by the legacy endpoint shutdown. As a reminder, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/WDP team updates|subscribe to the WDP newsletter]]!
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.12|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications opened mid-December and will close soon or when capacity is reached. It's a two-day, technically oriented hackathon bringing together Wikimedians from the region. Hope to see you there!

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W04&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:29, 19 January 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-05 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W05&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Wikimedia Foundation invites comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Year1 Reflections and Proposed Way Forward 2026 Update|proposed future]] of the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] until 28 February.
* All users with registered accounts can now use passkeys for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). Passkeys are a simple way to log in without using a second device. They verify the user's identity using a fingerprint, face scan, or a PIN code. To set up a passkey, first set up a regular 2FA method. Currently, to log in with a passkey, users must also use a password. Later this quarter, passwordless login will allow users to log in with a single click and a passkey. Users with advanced rights will also be required to have 2FA enabled. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project.
* Unregistered contributors on blocked IPs or blocked IP ranges can now interact on-wiki to appeal a block by creating a temporary account to appeal a block on the user talk page, unless the &quot;prevent this user from editing their own talk page&quot; is enabled. This solves the problem of logged-out users unable to use the default unblock process via user talk page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398673]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) methods description on the management page has been updated. It is now clearer and easier for users to understand and make use of. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332385]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* A new AbuseFilter variable, &lt;code&gt;account_type&lt;/code&gt;, has been added to provide a reliable way to determine the account type being created in the &lt;code&gt;createaccount&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;autocreateaccount&lt;/code&gt; actions. As part of this change, the variable &lt;code&gt;accountname&lt;/code&gt; has been renamed to &lt;code&gt;account_name&lt;/code&gt;, and &lt;code&gt;accountname&lt;/code&gt; is now deprecated. Edit filter managers should update any filters that use hardcoded account type checks or the deprecated variable. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414049]
* Image thumbnails that are requested in non-standard sizes, and using non-standard methods such as direct requests to &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;upload.wikimedia.org/…&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; will stop working in the near future. This change is to prevent ongoing external abuse by web-scrapers and bots. Some users with custom CSS/JS, Interface Admins who can fix gadgets and local skins, and Tool-authors, will need to update their code to use standard thumbnail sizes. [[phab:T414805|Details, search-links, and examples of how to fix them, are available in the task]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.13|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W05&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:17, 26 January 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=29969530 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2026-06 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W06&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The &quot;{{int:pageinfo-toolboxlink}}&quot; feature, which gives validating information about a page ([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=info}} example]), now automatically includes a table of contents. If there is a local [[{{ns:8}}:Pageinfo-header]] page created by individual users, it can now be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363726]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, VisualEditor previously added bold or italic formatting inside link descriptions, making the wikicode complex. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409669]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* There was no XML dump on 20 January. Additionally, from now on, dumps will be generated once per month only. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414389]
* The MediaWiki Interfaces team removed support for all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/API:REST%20API MediaWiki REST API]. All API users currently calling those endpoints are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.14|MediaWiki]]

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Users are reminded that the Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W06&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 17:43, 2 February 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-07 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W07&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Logged-in contributors who manage large or complex watchlists can now organise and filter watched pages in ways that improve their workflows with the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|Watchlist labels]] feature. By adding custom labels (for example: pages you created, pages being monitored for vandalism, or discussion pages) users can more quickly identify what needs attention, reduce cognitive load, and respond more efficiently. This improves watchlist usability, especially for highly active editors.
* A new feature available on [[Special:Contributions|Special:Contributions]] shows [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] that are likely operated by the same person, and so makes patrolling less time-consuming. Upon checking contributions of a temporary account, users with access to temporary account IP addresses can now see a view of contributions from the related temporary accounts. The feature looks up all the IPs associated with a given temporary account within the data retention period and shows all the contributions of all temporary accounts that have used these IPs. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts#February 2026: Improvements to the patroller tooling|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415674] 
* When editors preview a wikitext edit, the reminder box that they are only seeing a preview (which is shown at the top), now has a grey/neutral background instead of a yellow/warning background. This makes it easier to distinguish preview notes from actual warnings (for example, edit conflicts or problematic redirect targets), which will now be shown in separate warning or error boxes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414742]
* The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now properly supports more than one Wikibase site, for example both [[d:|Wikidata]] and [[testwikidata:|testwikidata]]. In addition, issues regarding text direction have been fixed for users who prefer Wikidata or other Wikibase sites in right-to-left (RTL) languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415440][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415458]
* The automatic &quot;magic links&quot; for ISBN, RFC, and PMID numbers have been [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic links|deprecated in wikitext since 2021]] due to inflexibility and difficulties with localization. Several wikis have successfully replaced RFC and PMID magic links with equivalent external links, but a template was often required to replace the functionality of the ISBN magic link. There is now a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#isbn|built-in parser function]] &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{#isbn}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; available to replace the basic functionality of the ISBN magic link. This makes it easier for wikis who wish to migrate off of the deprecated magic link functionality to do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T145604]
* Two new wikis have been created: 
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35401|Jju]] ([[w:kaj:|&lt;code&gt;w:kaj:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413283]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q1186896|Nawat]] ([[w:ppl:|&lt;code&gt;w:ppl:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413273]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. 

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* A new global user group has been created: [[{{int:grouppage-local-bot}}|{{int:group-local-bot}}]]. It will be used internally by the software to allow community bots to bypass rate limits that are applied to abusive [[w:en:Web scraping|web scrapers]]. Accounts that are approved as bots on at least one Wikimedia wiki will be automatically added to this group. It will not change what user permissions the bot has. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415588]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.15|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Spring 2026|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Spring 2026]] will be held March 25–27 in Salt Lake City, USA. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/AZBWVI46SDEB65PGR5J6E4TYOQQEZXM7/]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W07&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:30, 9 February 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-08 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W08&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Team]] will be performing a cleanup of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Etherpad|Etherpad]] instance, the web-based editor for real-time collaborative document editing. All pads will be permanently deleted after 30 April, 2026 – if there are still migration projects in progress at that point the team can revisit the date on a case by case basis. Please create local backups of any content you wish to keep, as deleted data cannot be recovered. This cleanup helps reduce database size and minimize infrastructure footprint. Etherpad will continue to support real-time collaboration, but long-term storage should not be expected. Additional cleanups may occur in the future without prior notice. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415237]

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Information Retrieval team will be launching an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|Android mobile app experiment]] that tests hybrid search capabilities which can handle both semantic and keyword queries. The improvement of on-platform search will enable readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. The experiment will first be launched on Greek Wikipedia in late February, followed by English, French, and Portuguese in March. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/08/semantic-search-making-it-easier-to-find-the-information-readers-want/ Read more] on Diff blog. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Information_Retrieval]
* The Reader Growth team will run [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.10.2 Mobile Table of Contents|an experiment]] for mobile web users, that adds a table of contents and automatically expands all article sections, to learn more about navigation issues they face. The test will be available on Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias.
* Previously, site notices ([[{{ns:8}}:Sitenotice]] and [[{{ns:8}}:Anonnotice]]) would only render on the desktop site. Now, they will render on all platforms. Users on mobile web will now see these notices and be informed. Site administrators should be prepared to test and fix notices on mobile devices to avoid interference with articles. To opt out, interface admins can add &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;#siteNotice { display: none; }&lt;/code&gt; to [[{{ns:8}}:Minerva.css]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T138572][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416644]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue on [[Special:RecentChanges|Special:RecentChanges]] has been fixed. Previously, clicking hide in the active filters caused the &quot;view new changes since…&quot; button to disappear, though it should have remained visible. The button now behaves as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406339]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* New documentation is now available to help editors debug on-site search features. It supports troubleshooting when pages do not appear in results, when ranking seems unexpected, and when you need to inspect what content is being indexed, helping make search behavior easier to understand and analyze. [[mw:Help:CirrusSearch/Debug|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411169]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.16|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W08&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:17, 16 February 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-09 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W09&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Reference Check|Reference Check]] has been deployed to English Wikipedia, completing its rollout across all Wikipedias. The feature prompts newcomers to add a citation before publishing new content, helping reduce common citation-related reverts and improve verifiability. In A/B testing, the impact was substantial: newcomers shown Reference Check were approximately 2.2 times more likely to include a reference on desktop and about 17.5 times more likely on mobile web. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/reference_check_ab_test_report_final_2025.html]
'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:InterwikiSorting|InterwikiSorting extension]], which allowed for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interwiki sorting order|sorting of interwiki links]], has been undeployed from Wikipedia. As a result, editors who had enabled interwiki link sorting in non-compact mode (full list format) will now see links reordered. The links moving forward will be listed in the alphabetical order of language code. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T253764]
* Later this week, people who are editing a page-section using the mobile visual editor, will notice a new &quot;Edit full page&quot; button. When tapped, you will be able to edit the entire article. This helps when the change you want to make is outside the section you initially opened. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409112]
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|The Reader Experience team]] is inviting editors to assess whether dark mode should still be considered &quot;beta&quot; on their wiki, based on their experience of how well it functions on desktop and mobile. If the feature is deemed mature, editors can update the interface messages in &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;MediaWiki:skin-theme-description&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;MediaWiki:Vector-night-mode-beta-tag&lt;/code&gt; to indicate that dark mode is ready and no longer considered beta.
* The improved [[mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Team/iOS/Activity_Tab|Activity tab]] which displays user-insights is now available to all users of the Wikipedia iOS app (version 7.9.0 and later). Following earlier A/B testing that showed higher account creation among users with access to the feature, it has been rolled out to 100% of users along with some updates. The Activity tab now shows your edited articles in the timeline, offers editing impact insights like contribution counts and article view trends, and customization options to improve in-app experience for users.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug that prevented [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] from working on mobile has now been fixed, restoring full functionality. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415303]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that makes this possible continues to improve. The latest upgrade is the inclusion of a [[mw:Extension:GlobalWatchlist#hook|new hook]], &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;ext.globalwatchlist.rebuild&lt;/code&gt;, which fires after each watchlist rebuild. This allows you to run gadgets and user scripts for the Special page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275159]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.17|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W09&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:03, 23 February 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-10 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W10&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Wikipedia 25 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments|Birthday mode]] is now live on Betawi, Breton, Chinese, Czech, Dutch, English, French, Gorontalo, Indonesian, Italian, Luxembourgish, Madurese, Sicilian, Spanish, Thai, and Vietnamese Wikipedias! This limited-time campaign feature celebrates 25 years of Wikipedia with a birthday mascot, Baby Globe. When turned on, Baby Globe is shown on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments/article configuration|~2,500 articles]], waiting to be discovered by readers. Communities can choose to turn Birthday mode on by getting consensus from their community and asking an admin to enable the feature and customize it via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments#Community Configuration Demo|community configuration]] on the local wiki.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to Swedish Wikipedia, Polish Wikipedia and [[:phab:T418209|a couple of other wikis]]. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|try the feature]] on these projects or on testwiki and [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing betawiki]. Learnings from the first pilot wiki German Wikipedia have been [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Learnings|published in a report]]. Reach out to the Wikimedia Deutschland team if you are [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|interested in becoming a pilot wiki]].
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Paste check|Paste Check]] will become available at all Wikipedias this week. The feature prompts newcomers who are pasting text they are not likely to have written into VisualEditor to consider whether doing so risks a copyright violation. Paste Check [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tags|tags]] all edits where it is shown for potential review. Local administrators can configure various aspects of the feature via [[{{#special:EditChecks}}]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Paste Check#A/B Experiment|Research]] across 22 wikis found that Paste Check resulted in an 18% decrease in relative reverted-edits compared to the control group. Translators can [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;group=ext-visualeditor-ve-mw-editcheck&amp;filter=&amp;optional=1&amp;action=translate help to localize] this and related features.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] will be standardizing the user menu in the top right for all mobile users so that it is closer to the desktop experience. Currently this user menu is only visible to users with Advanced Mobile Controls (AMC) turned on. The only change is that a couple buttons previously in the left-side menu will move to the top right for users who do not have AMC turned on. This change is expected to go out March 9 and seeks to improve the user interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413912]
* Starting in the week of March 2, the emails sent out when an email address was added, removed, or changed for an account will switch to a substantially nicer and clearer HTML email from the prior plaintext one. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410807]
* Notifications are currently limited to 2,000 historic entries per user, and extend back to 2013 when the feature was released. This is going to be changed to only store Notifications from the last 5 years, but up to 10,000 of them. This will help with long-term infrastructure health and help to prevent more recent notifications from disappearing too soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948]
* The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page continues to see improvements. The latest update improves label usage experience. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] now allows activating the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback languages|language fallback system]] for Wikidata items without labels in the viewed language, and showing those labels in the user’s preferred Wikidata language if no &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;uselang=&lt;/code&gt; URL parameter is provided. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373686][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416111]
* The Wikipedia Android team has started a beta test of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|hybrid search]] on Greek Wikipedia. Hybrid search capabilities can handle both semantic and keyword queries enabling readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily.
* For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Currently, 2FA is required to use the group, but not to be a member of it. Given that this model still has some vulnerabilities, the situation will [[phab:T418580|gradually change in March]]. Members of these groups will be unable to disable last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the second half of March, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. This applies to: CentralNotice administrators, checkusers, interface administrators, suppressors, Wikidata staff, Wikifunctions staff, WMF Office IT and WMF Trust &amp; Safety. Nothing will change for other users. See the linked task for deployment schedule. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418580]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue preventing users from creating an instance in [https://www.wikibase.cloud/ Wikibase.cloud] has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416807]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], over the next month the Wikimedia Foundation will implement global API rate limits across our APIs. In early March, stricter limits will be applied to unidentified requests from outside Toolforge/WMCS and API requests that are made from web browsers. In April, higher limits will be applied to identified traffic. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]].
* The Wikidata Query Service Linked Data Fragment (LDF) endpoint will be decommissioned in February. This endpoint served limited traffic, which was successfully migrated to other data access methods that were better suited to support existing use cases. The hardware used to support the LDF endpoint will be reallocated to support the ongoing backend migration efforts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415696]
* The new Parsoid parser [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Updates|continues to be deployed to additional wikis]], improving platform sustainability and making it easier to introduce new reading and editing features. Parsoid is now the default parser on 488 WMF wikis (268 Wikipedias), now covering more than 10% of all Wikipedia page views.
* The process and criteria for [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise#Access|requesting exceptional access]] to the high volume feed of the ''Wikimedia Enterprise'' APIs (at no cost for mission-aligned usecases), [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Enterprise#Exceptional access criteria|have now been published]]. This is to provide more thorough and clearer documentation for users.
* [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/ Tech Blog], the blog dedicated to the Wikimedia technical community [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2026/02/24/a-tech-blog-diff/ will be migrating] to [[diffblog:|Diff]], the community news and event blog. The migration should be complete in April 2026, after which new posts will be accepted for publishing. Readers will be able to access posts – old and new – on the landing page at https://diff.wikimedia.org/techblog.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.18|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W10&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 17:51, 2 March 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-11 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W11&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies.
* Last week, all wikis had 2 hours of read-only time, and extended unavailability for user-scripts and gadgets. This was due to a security incident which has since been resolved. Work is ongoing to prevent re-occurrences. For current information please see the [[m:Steward's noticeboard#Statement on Meta about today's user script security incident|post on the Stewards' noticeboard]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Product Safety and Integrity/March 2026 User Script Incident|translations]]).

'''Updates for editors'''
* Users facing multiple blocks on mobile will now see the reasons for each block separately, instead of a generic message. This helps them understand why they are blocked and what steps they can take to resolve the issue. For example, users affected for using common VPNs (such as [[Special:MyLanguage/Apple iCloud Private Relay|iCloud Private Relay]]) will receive clearer guidance on what they need to do to start editing again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357118]
* Later this week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] will become available as a beta feature within the visual editor at all Wikipedias. This feature proactively suggests various types of actions that people can consider taking to improve Wikipedia articles, and learn about related guidelines. The feature is locally configurable, and can also be locally expanded with custom Suggestions. Current settings can be seen at [[Special:EditChecks]] and there are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators %E2%80%93 local customization|instructions for how administrators can customize]] the links to point to local guidelines. The feature is connected to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|Edit check]] which suggests improvements while someone is writing new content. In the future, the Editing team plans to evaluate the feature's impact with newcomers through a controlled experiment. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404600]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where the cursor became misaligned during the use of CodeMirror’s syntax highlighting, which makes wikitext and code easier to read, has now been fixed. This problem specifically affected users who defined a font rule in a custom stylesheet while creating a new topic with DiscussionTools. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418793]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* API rate limiting update: To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], global API rate limits will be applied this week to requests without a compliant User-Agent that originate from outside Toolforge/WMCS and to unauthenticated requests made from web browsers. Higher limits will be applied to identified traffic in April. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]].
* The new GraphQL API has been released. The API was developed as a flexible alternative to select features of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS), to improve developer experience and foster adaptability, and efficient data access. Try it out and [[d:Wikidata:Wikibase GraphQL#Feedback and development|give feedback]]. You can also [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/GraphQLAPI/apply sign up for usability tests].
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|PTAC Unsupported Tools Working Group]] continued improvements to [[commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons#|Video2Commons]] in February, with fixes addressing authentication errors, large-file handling, task queue visibility, and clearer upload behavior. Work is still ongoing in some areas, including changes related to deprecated server-side uploads. Read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group#February 2026|this update]] to learn more.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.19|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* The Article Guidance team invites experienced Wikipedia editors from selected [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators#Collaborators|pilot wikis]] and interested contributors from other Wikipedias to fill out this questionnaire which is available in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfmLeVWnxmsCbPoI_UF2jyRcn73WRGWCVPHzerXb4Cz97X_Ag/viewform English], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd6rzr4XXQw8r4024fE3geTPFe13M_6w7Mitj-YJi0sOlWTAw/viewform?usp=header Arabic], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdok3-RfB18lcugYTUMGkpwmqG_8p760Wv4dCXitOXOszjUDw/viewform?usp=header Bengali], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfjTfYp4jEo0akA4B1e-Nfg3QZPCudUjhJzHzzDi6AHyAaMGA/viewform?usp=header Japanese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScteVoI29Aue4xc72dekk-6RYtvmMgQxzMI900UOawrFrSTWg/viewform?usp=header Portuguese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSetdxnYwL3ub2vqA7awCg5hJZPMIYcDPaiTe12rY9h0GYnVlw/viewform?usp=header Persian], and [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScNvfJF-Ot-4pzA4qAN771_0QDJ4Li19YcUsaTgSKW8Nc7U_Q/viewform?usp=header Turkish]. Your answers will help the team customize guidance for less experienced editors and help them learn community policies and practices while creating an article. Learn more [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|on the project page]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W11&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 18:53, 9 March 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30213008 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2026-12 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W12&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature, also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], has been used for wikitext syntax highlighting since November 2024. It will be promoted out of beta by May 2026 in order to bring improvements and new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Features|features]] to all editors who use the standard syntax highlighter. If you have any questions or concerns about promoting the feature out of beta, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|please share]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059]
* Some changes to local user groups are performed by stewards on Meta-Wiki and logged there only. Now, interwiki rights changes will be logged both on Meta-Wiki and the wiki of the target user to make it easier to access a full record of user's rights changes on a local wiki. Past log entries for such changes will be backfilled in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6055]
* On wikis using [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Flagged Revisions|Flagged Revisions]], the number of pending changes shown on [[{{#Special:PendingChanges}}]] previously counted pages which were no longer pending review, because they have been removed from the system without being reviewed, e.g. due to being deleted, moved to a different namespace, or due to wiki configuration changes. The count will be correct now. On some wikis the number shown will be much smaller than before. There should be no change to the list of pages itself. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413016]
* Wikifunctions composition language has been rewritten, resulting in a new version of the language. This change aims to increase service stability by reducing the orchestrator's memory consumption. This rewrite also enables substantial latency reduction, code simplification, and better abstractions, which will open the door to later feature additions. Read more about [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-11|the changes]].
* Users can now sort search results alphabetically by page title. The update gives an additional option to finding pages more easily and quickly. Previously, results could be sorted by Edit date, Creation date, or Relevance. To use the new option, open 'Advanced Search' on the search results page and select 'Alphabetically' under 'Sorting Order'. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403775]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented UploadWizard on Wikimedia Commons from importing files from Flickr has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419263]
'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* A new special page, [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}]], has been created to list transcluded pages that are flagged as containing lint errors to help users discover them easily. The list is sorted by the number of transclusions with errors. For example: [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}/night-mode-unaware-background-color]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170874]
* Users of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature have been using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages, for some time now. Along with promoting CodeMirror 6 out of beta, the plan is to replace CodeEditor as the standard editor for these content models by May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|Feedback or concerns are welcome]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] JavaScript modules will soon be upgraded to CodeMirror 6. Leading up to the upgrade, loading the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;ext.CodeMirror&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;ext.CodeMirror.lib&lt;/code&gt; modules from gadgets and user scripts was deprecated in July 2025. The use of the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;ext.CodeMirror.switch&lt;/code&gt; hook was also deprecated in March 2025. Contributors can now make their scripts or gadgets compatible with CodeMirror 6. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror#Gadgets and user scripts|migration guide]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373720]
* The MediaWiki Interfaces team is expanding coverage of REST API module definitions to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API/Extensions|extension APIs]]. REST API modules are groups of related endpoints that can be independently managed and versioned. Modules now exist for [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414470 GrowthExperiments] and [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419053 Wikifunctions] APIs. As we migrate extension APIs to this structure, documentation will move out of the main MediaWiki OpenAPI spec and REST Sandbox view, and will instead be accessible via module-specific options in the dropdown on the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox] (i.e., [[{{#Special:RestSandbox}}]], available on all wiki projects).
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] extension provides different pieces of information about the wiki where the module is being used via the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual|mw.site]] library. Starting last week, the library also provides a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.site.wikiId|way]] of accessing the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Wiki ID|wiki ID]] that can be used to facilitate cross-wiki module maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T146616]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.20|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|2026 Coolest Tool Award]] celebrating outstanding community tools, is now open for nominations! Nominate your favorite tool using the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/435684?lang=en nomination survey] form by 23 March 2026. For more information on privacy and data handling, please see the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Coolest_Tool_Award_2026_Survey_Privacy_Statement|survey privacy statement]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W12&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:35, 16 March 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-13 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W13&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Wikimedia site users can now log in without a password using passkeys. This is a secure method supported by fingerprint, facial recognition, or PIN. With this change, all users who opt for passwordless login will find it easier, faster, and more secure to log in to their accounts using any device. The new passkey login option currently appears as an autofill suggestion in the username field. An additional [[phab:T417120|&quot;Log in with passkey&quot; button]] will soon be available for users who have already registered a passkey. This update will improve security and user experience. The [[c:File:Passwordless_login_screencast.webm|screen recording]] demonstrates the passwordless login process step by step.
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Wikimedia site users can now export their notifications older than 5 years using a [[toolforge:echo-chamber|new Toolforge tool]]. This will ensure that users retain their important notifications and avoid them being lost based on the planned change to delete notifications older than 5 years, as previously announced. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948]
* Wikipedia editors in Indonesian, Thai, Turkish, and Simple English now have access to Special:PersonalDashboard. This is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Dashboard|early version of an experience]] that introduces newer editors to patrolling workflows, making it easier for them to move from making edits to participating in more advanced moderation work on their project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402647]
* The [[Special:Block]] now has two minor interface changes. Administrators can now easily perform indefinite blocks through a dedicated radio button in the expiry section. Also, choosing an indefinite expiry provides a different set of common reasons to select from, which can be changed at: [[MediaWiki:Ipbreason-indef-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401823]
* Mobile editors [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#Logged-out|at several wikis]] can now see an improved logged-out edit warning, thanks to the recent updates from the Growth team. These changes released last week are part of ongoing efforts and tests to enhance [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|account creation experience on mobile]] and then increase participation. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408484]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:36}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:36|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented mobile web users from seeing the block information when affected by multiple blocks has been fixed. They can now see messages of all the blocks currently affecting them when they access Wikipedia.

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Images built using Toolforge will soon get the upgraded buildpacks version, bringing support for newer language versions and other upstream improvements and fixes. If you use Toolforge Build Service, review the recent [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EMYTA32EV2V5SQ2JIEOD2CL66YFIZEKV/ cloud-announce email] and update your build configuration as necessary to ensure your tools are compatible. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Toolforge/Building_container_images&amp;oldid=2392097#Buildpack_environment_upgrade_process][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380127]

* The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal] documentation wiki will shut down in June 2026. API keys created on the API Portal will continue to work normally. api.wikimedia.org endpoints will be deprecated gradually starting in July 2026. Documentation on the API Portal is moving to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.21|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] is considering improvements to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|automatically generated reference names in VisualEditor]]. Please check out the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|proposed solutions]] and participate in the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|request for comment]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W13&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 16:51, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-14 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W14&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Beta version of [[abstract:|Abstract Wikipedia]] a new Wikimedia project which is language-independent, was launched last week. The project allows communities to build Wikipedia articles in their native language, which can be readily accessed by other users in their own languages. The wiki is powered by instructions from Wikifunctions and also based on structured content from Wikidata. [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-26|Read more]].

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Growth team is running an A/B test to evaluate a clearer, more user-friendly message that promotes account creation on wikis. Currently when logged-out mobile users begin editing, they see a jarring warning message that can feel abrupt and discouraging. This also presents temporary account editing as the default rather than encouraging account creation. The test is running on ten Wikipedias, including Arabic, French, Spanish and German. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#2. Improve logged-out warning message (T415160)|Read more]].
* The Wikimedia Apps team is inviting feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Future of Editing on the Mobile Apps|how editing should work on the Wikipedia mobile apps]]. The discussion focuses on improving how users access editing tools when they tap &quot;Edit&quot;. This is part of a broader effort to convert readers who develop an interest in editing, to access a more user-friendly pathway to start contributing.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:45}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:45|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where citation fetching from the large newspaper archive [https://www.newspapers.com Newspapers.com] was no longer working, due to a block in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid|Citoid]] requests, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419903]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.22|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W14&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:25, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30329462 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2026-15 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W15&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''

* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] now includes a new group goal-setting feature, enabling organizers to set and track event goals such as the number of articles created and participating contributors in real time. Similarly, participants can work toward shared targets and see their collective impact as the event unfolds. The feature is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Learn more in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Collaborative contributions#Goal setting|the documentation]].
* [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|watchlist labels]] feature (announced in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Tech News 2026-07]]) is now available via VisualEditor, the source editor, and the 'watchstar' (or watch link, for skins that don't have a star icon). Previously it was only possible to assign labels via [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]]. In all three places it is a new field following the expiry field.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where talk pages on mobile with Parsoid are unusable after empty section headers, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419171]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]], which lets editors add details to an existing reference without duplicating it, will be gradually rolled out to [[phab:T414094|more wikis]] later this year. Wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] gadget are encouraged to update their version (typically at [[m:MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js|MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js]] as shown [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=1344408362 here]) to ensure compatibility. Other reference-related gadgets may also be affected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416304]
* All Wikinews editions will be closed and switched to read-only mode on 4 May 2026. Content will remain accessible, but no new edits or articles can be added. This closure was approved by the Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation following extended discussions. [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard#Board of Trustees Approves Closure of Wikinews|Read more]].
* The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Action API|Action API]] has had several formats for requested output. One of them, &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;format=php&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, is being removed soon. Please ensure your scripts or bots use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Data formats#Output|JSON format]]. This removal should affect very few scripts and bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T118538]
* The [[Special:NamespaceInfo|Special:NamespaceInfo]] page now includes namespace aliases. For example &quot;WP&quot; for the &quot;Project&quot; (&quot;Wikipedia&quot;) namespace on the German Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381455]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.23|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W15&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 16:19, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-16 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W16&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Experienced editors are invited to [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Main_Page test] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature, designed to help less-experienced editors create well-structured, policy-compliant Wikipedia articles. Testing instructions are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide|available]]. Also, after reviewing [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance the outlines], please provide feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Article guidance|project talk page]]. Based on your input, the feature will be refined and transferred to the pilot Wikipedias to translate and adapt. Check out [[c:File:Article Guidance workflow demo - April 2026.webm|the video]] explaining the feature.
'''Updates for editors'''
* On most wikis, all autoconfirmed users can now use [[Special:ChangeContentModel|Special:ChangeContentModel]] page to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|create new pages with custom content models]], such as mass message lists, making custom page formats more accessible. Check [[Special:ListGroupRights|Special:ListGroupRights]] for the status of your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248294]
* The Growth team has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account_Creation_Experiments|account creation experiment]] to evaluate whether adding an account creation button to the mobile web header increases new account registrations and encourages more mobile users to contribute to the wikis. The experiment is currently live on Hindi, Indonesian, Bengali, Thai, and Hebrew Wikipedia, and targets 10% of logged-out mobile web users.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where VisualEditor could get stuck loading on Windows devices with animations turned off, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382856]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Starting later this week, {{int:group-abusefilter}} who have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature enabled will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] as the editor at [[Special:AbuseFilter|Special:AbuseFilter]]. This is part of the broader effort to make the user experience more consistent across all editors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399673][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332]
* Tools and bots that access the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications/API|Notifications API]] (&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;action=query&amp;meta=notifications&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;) will need to update their OAuth or BotPassword grants to also include access to private notifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421991]
* Due to a library upgrade, listings on category pages may be displayed out of order starting on Monday, 20th April. A migration script will be run to correct this, and will take hours to days depending on the size of the wiki (up to a week for English Wikipedia). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T422544]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.24|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W16&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 15:19, 13 April 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-17 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W17&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* After two years of development, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]], also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], is to be promoted out of beta on Tuesday, April 21. It brings better code and wikitext readability, reduction in typing errors, and other [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|benefits]] to all users of the standard syntax highlighter. A huge thank you to volunteer [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/p/Bhsd/ Bhsd] who developed many of the new features, including [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Code folding|code folding]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|autocompletion]], and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linting]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059]
* A major update to the Wikipedia app for iOS is now rolling out, redesigning the interface to align with Apple's latest &quot;Liquid Glass&quot; visual design. [https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wikipedia/id324715238 Download the latest version] and explore the update.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Reading lists]] is a feature which allows readers to save articles to a list for reading later. This feature is now in beta on Arabic, French, Indonesian, Vietnamese, and Chinese Wikipedias and by default for all new accounts on all Wikipedias.
* An experiment which explores extending [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Page Previews to mobile web]] will be launched in the week of April 20 on Arabic, English, French, Italian, Polish, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. Page Previews are pop-ups that display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and a link to open the full article of a blue link, thereby improving content discovery. The feature is already available on desktop and in the apps. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/List of experiments in Product and Technology#Template|Read more about this experiment and others]].
* On several wikis, logged-in editors who haven't [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email confirmation|confirmed their email addresses]] can now see a banner encouraging them to do so. Having the email address confirmed allows a user to restore access to the account if they lose it. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Encouraging users to confirm their email addresses|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421366]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:15}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:15|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where editing very large wiki pages in the 2017 wikitext editor caused slow loading, preview and scrolling lag, and performance issues when selecting, cutting, or pasting content, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184857]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* As part of the promotion of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] from a beta feature, all users will use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332]
* The &lt;code&gt;mirrors.wikimedia.org&lt;/code&gt; service for Debian and Ubuntu users will sunset and stop working on May 15. The resources for the service will be replaced with new and better options. Some users may need to switch to a different server which should take about a minute. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LJYRIS4WB66HIRCAO4GIDTXCMDVZRBMA/ You can read more]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416707]
* The &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;image&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;oldimage&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; table will be removed from [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|wikireplicas]]. If your tools or queries access &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;image&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; or &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;oldimage&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; directly, please update them to use the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;file&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;filerevision&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; table before 28 May. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T28741]
* Following the recent implementation of global API rate limits on unidentified traffic, the Wikimedia Foundation will continue efforts to ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]] by applying global limits to identified API traffic beginning the last week of April. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]].
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Attribution API|Attribution API]] is now available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Stability policy|beta]]. The API fetches information for crediting Wikimedia articles and media files wherever they are used. Reference documentation is available through the REST Sandbox special page available on all Wikimedia wikis (such as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=attribution.v0-beta&amp;title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST sandbox on English Wikipedia]). Share your feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Attribution API|project talk page]].
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W17&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 15:00, 20 April 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-18 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W18&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* There is a change in how new users are autoconfirmed that will improve anti-vandalism protection. Currently, users who have had an account for a few days and made a few edits are automatically added to the [[{{int:grouppage-autoconfirmed/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}}|{{int:group-autoconfirmed}}]] group. This configuration tends to be exploited by some vandals, who create accounts and start to use them only after some time. To mitigate this, the configuration will be updated next week so that – for the purpose of becoming autoconfirmed – the account age will be counted from their first edit, instead of registration date. The numeric value of the age threshold will remain the same. This change will be deployed only to wikis which require at least one edit as part of the autoconfirmation conditions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418484]
* All Wikipedia users with new accounts and those who activated the &quot;automatically enable most beta features&quot; option in their preference can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|reading lists]] beta feature to save articles for later reading. This helps organize reading interests in one place for convenient access. 
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where infobox images have huge padding in Firefox, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423676]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* As a reminder, the global API rate limits will be applied this week to identified API traffic. This is to help ensure [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]]. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, including the actual rate limits, see [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.26|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W18&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 18:06, 27 April 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-19 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W19&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] team invites experienced editors of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators|pilot Wikipedias]]—Arabic, Bangla, Japanese, Portuguese, Persian, Turkish, Simple English, Spanish, and French—to help translate and adapt [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance sample outlines]. These outlines will guide editors in creating clear, well-structured, and policy-compliant articles when using [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Special:NewArticle the feature] once it is launched in May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|Simple instructions]] on how to translate and adapt the outlines are available.
'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] has published [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|draft recommendations]] on a model that affiliates can follow when contributing to the technical space. Community members are invited to provide feedback on the recommendation until May 8th [[:m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|on the talk page]].
* The number of available thumbnail size preferences in MediaWiki is being reduced to three standardized options—Small (180px), Regular (250px), and Large (400px), as part of ongoing efforts to improve performance and reduce strain on thumbnail services. As a result, existing preferences will be mapped to the nearest new size (for example, smaller selections like 120px or 150px will render at 180px, while larger ones like 300px or 360px will render at 400px). The preferences interface will soon be updated to reflect these changes, and users who wish to opt out or provide feedback can do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424909]
* From now on, even when a permission expires automatically, users will receive an Echo notification similar to the standard notification for permission changes. There is a difference between this and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]] in that the latter reminds users a week ''before'' the rights are due to expire, so that they can renew the rights.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the problem where the ULS language selector in [[m:Special:Translate|Special:Translate]] would scroll vertically when it shouldn't, has been resolved. Previously, when users opened the &quot;Translate to English&quot; dropdown and typed certain inputs, the dialog would scroll vertically by a few pixels even when there was enough space to display all results. The dropdown no longer shifts unnecessarily when filtering languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358864] 
* The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]], which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page, continues to improve. For example, watchlists for Wikibase sites such as [[:d:|Wikidata]] now support [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:EntitySchema|EntitySchema]] elements for better tracking. The Live Updates mode now refreshes the special page every 60 seconds to comply with the updated [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] for improved real-time responsiveness. Additionally, a directionality bug that displayed links as &quot;changes 3&quot; instead of &quot;3 changes&quot; in mixed-direction lists has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415450][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424422][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418091]
'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The second phase of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] has been rolled out to reduce the [[diffblog:2026/03/26/quo-vadis-crawlers-progress-and-whats-next-on-safeguarding-our-infrastructure/|impact of AI crawlers]] and ensure fair, sustainable access to Wikimedia resources, prioritising human and mission-aligned traffic. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits#Limits|Limits]] have been shifted from per-hour to per-minute, producing smoother traffic patterns and more predictable API load. Community users are not expected to be affected, and no action is required. Early indications show some User-Agent-based requestors are adjusting behaviour, and around 64% of automated API traffic has been identified. Monitoring continues, and Wikimedia Enterprise remains available for commercial support.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.27|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W19&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:43, 4 May 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30498077 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2026-20 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W20&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Community Tech has published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/How to write a good wish|new guidance]] explaining how wishes on Community Wishlist are triaged and prioritized. The documentation is intended to help contributors write stronger proposals by clarifying the factors that influence prioritization decisions. Beyond vote counts, the guidance highlights considerations such as potential impact on the community when determining which wishes move forward.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment to test a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Share_Card|Share Card feature]] that allows readers to create visually engaging cards from Wikipedia articles or selected article sections and share them online, with each card linking back to the original article to help expand readership and article discovery. The mobile-only A/B test will be available to a portion of readers on Arabic, Chinese, French, Vietnamese, and English Wikipedia to better understand reading and sharing habits, and is scheduled to begin the week of May 18 and run for four weeks.
* The Android and iOS Wikipedia apps recently released the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/25th_Birthday_Reading_Challenge|25-day reading challenge]] into Beta, as part of efforts to drive reader engagement by encouraging users to complete reading milestones. To track their reading streak during the challenge, App users can add a widget featuring Baby Globe to their home screen. The challenge officially begins May 11.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:17}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:17|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the global preference for enabling syntax highlighting in wikitext could unexpectedly disable itself after being turned on, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425286]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The ResourceLoader module &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;mediawiki.ui.input&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, deprecated since [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|September 2023]], will be removed this week. There is a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|guide for migrating from MediaWiki UI to Codex]] for any tools that use it. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420125]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.2|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W20&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:20, 11 May 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-21 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W21&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Abstract Wikipedia team has identified five potential pilot wikis to assess their interest in adopting abstract articles on their wikis. The pilots are Malayalam, Bengali, Dagbani, Arabic, and Indonesian Wikipedia. The feedback period will be open until May 22. If your community is interested in becoming a pilot, [[m:Talk:Abstract Wikipedia|let us know on Meta]].

'''Updates for editors'''
* An experiment to show [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]] to logged-out readers on mobile web will launch on May 18 across German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, and Urdu Wikipedias, and will run for one month. The effort supports broader goals of helping readers save and organize articles for later reading, while encouraging habits that could lead to future Wikipedia contributions.
* To support a bookmark button in the Reading List beta feature, the &quot;Tools &gt; Action&quot; menu has been updated to display icons, including the watch star indicator that helps editors identify temporarily watched articles. The icons now also match those used on mobile, improving consistency across platforms. The change is currently limited to the actions menu and mainly affects editors with privileged user rights. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T426008]
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] was released as an [[w:en:A/B test|A/B test]] for newcomer editors on the mobile website at [[phab:T421189|~15 Wikipedias]]. The experiment will measure the impact that Suggestion Mode has on the proportion of newcomer mobile web edit sessions that result in constructive (un-reverted) article edits. The experiment will also evaluate the feature's impact on editor retention, and monitor changes in revert and block rates.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue in the Wikipedia Android app where images could sometimes fail to load after opening a recommended reading list notification, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418231]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|Wikidata Platform team]] has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/Backend Replacement|backend replacement recommendation]] and accompanying [[wikitech:Wikidata Query Service/WDQS Architecture re-design|technical architecture]] for the migration of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS) away from Blazegraph. Feedback is invited until May 25th 2026, especially on potential gaps and impacts on advanced use cases. Wikidata community members and WDQS users are also encouraged to help identify high-impact tools and workflows that may need attention on [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/High-Impact Use Cases|this page]]. Feedback can be shared on the [[d:Wikidata talk:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update|Migration talk page]] or during the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Blazegraph Migration Office Hours|next office hour]]. See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|WDP team newsletter]] for more details.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.3|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''

* On English, French, Japanese, and a few other Wikipedias, there was a [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|trial of hCaptcha]], a third-party bot detection service. The trial showed that hCaptcha effectively detects and deters some bad-faith automated activity, on its own and by giving [[w:en:Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)/Archive 225#Introducing SuggestedInvestigations|checkusers and stewards]] signals to look into. Because the results were positive, hCaptcha will be rolled out across all wikis over the next few weeks. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|See the hCaptcha project page]] for technical information about the implementation and privacy protections. [[diffblog:2026/05/04/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha-part-2/|Learn more]].
* The latest Community Tech update is now available, with progress across several Community Wishlist initiatives, including Reading Lists expansion from the mobile app to the website, new language support for &quot;Who Wrote That&quot; and the Personal Dashboard, improvements to 3D rendering and Charts, and upcoming work on talk page sorting, audio playback, and editing workflows. The update also shares current priorities, wishlist status trends, and opportunities for community feedback on future focus areas and the Wikimedia Foundation’s 2026–2027 Annual Plan. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 13, 2026: Latest updates from the Community Tech team|Read the full newsletter for details]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W21&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:21, 18 May 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-22 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W22&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Following a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#LOWM|successful account creation experiment]], an improved logged-out edit warning message will be deployed to all Wikimedia wikis in the first week of June. The change will only affect logged-out users on mobile web who open an editing session. The updated experience is designed to encourage account creation more clearly, while still allowing users to edit with temporary accounts. Results from the experiment showed a significant increase in account creation, with a 27% relative lift among users shown the updated message. As expected, as more people funnel into account creation, temporary accounts decreased by a relative 16%. The experiment did not show any significant changes in constructive edit rates or other monitored contributor metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424595] 

'''Updates for editors'''
* For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Members of these groups will be unable to disable the last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the next few weeks, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. Notably, this applies to bureaucrats. See the linked tasks for deployment schedules. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423119][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423120]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] will run an [[w:en:A/B testing|A/B test]] on [[:phab:T415904|10 wikis]], testing [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/Reference Previews|potential improvements for Reference Previews]]. The experiment will run for ~2 weeks at the end of May / beginning of June and will affect 10% of desktop readers on the participating wikis.
* After two successful experiments, the Reader Growth team is rolling out an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Image Browsing]] beta feature for all Wikipedias on mobile on May 25. This means that anyone who has all beta features on by default will start to see this feature, and others can check the box to turn it on in their preferences. The beta feature will include a carousel of all an article's images at the top of the article, with controls for editors to [[mw:Readers/Reader_Growth/Image_Browsing#Phase_2.1_beta_feature|exclude images from the article's carousel or to exclude an article from the feature entirely]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, three dimensional STL files were being rendered incorrectly by the media viewer 3D extension which is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416723]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The legacy CSS classes &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;tleft&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;tright&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; have been replaced with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;floatleft&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;floatright&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; as the former do not work consistently across all MediaWiki platforms, notably mobile web and mobile apps. Projects relying on these classes are encouraged to review related usage and plan for migration. Please note that &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;floatleft&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;floatright&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; may also be deprecated in future, although there are currently no plans to do so. [[phab:T426452|Read more]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.4|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W22&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:52, 25 May 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-23 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W23&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] is conducting an experiment to show the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|reading lists]] feature, which is still in development, to logged-out mobile readers to test whether it encourages account creation at a higher rate compared to the watchstar button. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists#Experiment timeline|experiment]] was launched on May 18th on German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, and Urdu wikis, and it will run for a month.
* The Wikimedia Apps team released [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|Phase 1]] of the redesigned Home Feed to the Android Beta app. The new Home Feed includes a refreshed &quot;Community&quot; tab and a personalized &quot;For You&quot; tab featuring daily updated reading recommendations. The redesign is part of a broader effort to improve content discovery and create more engaging learning experiences in the Wikipedia apps.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:18}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:18|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where images could fail to load for some suggested edits on [[w:Special:Homepage|Special:Homepage]], leaving the thumbnail stuck in a loading state, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424048]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.5|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W23&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:08, 1 June 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-24 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W24&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Wikimedia Enterprise has increased the free usage limits for its API offerings. The monthly request limit for the On-demand API has increased from 5,000 to 50,000 requests, while the Snapshot API limit has increased from 15 to 30 requests per month. In addition, Structured Contents snapshots are now available for free accounts. These changes expand access to Wikimedia Enterprise data for developers, researchers, and organizations using Wikimedia content. [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/enhanced-free-api]

'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|refreshed Explore Feed]], now called the Home Feed, is rolling out to 50% of users of the Wikipedia Android app. The Home Feed helps readers discover relevant content through two new tabs: ''Community'' and ''For You''. The Community tab provides a scrollable feed of curated content and updates from the broader Wikimedia community and movement, while the ''For You'' tab offers a full-screen, swipeable experience that shows content tailored to a user's interests. The redesign is part of a broader effort to improve discovery and enhance the learning experience in the Wikipedia app.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/&quot;Which came first?&quot; Game|Which came first?]] daily trivia game is now available in the beta version of the Wikipedia iOS app in English, German, French, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Turkish. The game uses historical events from Wikipedia's &quot;On This Day&quot; content and challenges readers to guess which of two events happened first. The game was previously released on Android. Communities interested in making the game available in their languages can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Games#Game availability by language|read the instructions and requirements]].
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details, will begin rolling out to Wikimedia wikis following a successful pilot phase. Deployment will start on 8 June for most [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Wednesday|Group 1 wikis]] and French Wikipedia, with additional Wikipedia language editions receiving the feature over the coming months. Communities are encouraged to prepare by checking for [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;group=ext-cite&amp;language=en&amp;action_source=search&amp;filter=%21translated&amp;optional=1&amp;action=translate untranslated Cite extension messages] in their language and reviewing any use of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]], which may require [[:phab:T416304#11668731|updates]] to support the new functionality. Wikis using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] do not need to take any action. Communities may also wish to create the ''cite-tracking-category-ref-details'' [[Special:TrackingCategories|tracking category]] as a hidden category using &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;__HIDDENCAT__&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; (or a dedicated template), and connect it to the corresponding Wikidata item [[d:Q129764848]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425662]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews#Experimentation|Page Previews experiment]] on mobile web has concluded. The team decided not to roll out the feature after the results showed no statistically significant impact on reader retention, as the primary success metric was retention improvement. Page Previews, which are already available on desktop and in the apps, display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and link to the full article when readers tap a blue link. The experiment tested this experience on mobile web across six Wikipedias.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Design/Icons|user interface icon library]] will be [[phab:T399175|updated later this week or next week]]. Most of the ~300 icons have been slightly refined and ~30 new icons have been added. These changes improve the icons to make them more consistent and comprehensible, and provide more visual balance when they are used in groups.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector|Universal Language Selector]] (ULS) interface in MediaWiki, which helps users select content in other languages, has been updated. The new version improves speed and accessibility, and users of Wikimedia projects can now pin languages for quicker language switching. The deployment to Wikimedia sites will happen gradually in the coming weeks. You can test it now as a beta feature by selecting [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features]] in your profile preferences and share your feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector/New ULS|the project page]]. 
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the Pageviews Analysis dashboard on pageviews.wmcloud.org stopped updating graph data in May 2026, affecting all users, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427171]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The function signature for &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;mw.util.addPortletLink()&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; has been simplified. Developers can now pass a configuration object instead of a list of positional parameters when creating portlet links. The previous function signature remains supported for backwards compatibility. For example, instead of: &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', '#', 'Stub', 'ca-stubtag', 'Add a stub tag to this page');&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; use &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', { href: '#', text: 'Stub', id: 'ca-stubtag', tooltip: 'Add a stub tag to this page' });&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. Script maintainers are encouraged to review existing uses of &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;addPortletLink()&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and update them where appropriate. This change will be available on all wikis from 11 June. Thanks to community volunteer Gerges for contributing this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427945]
* '''Community Wishlist discussion''': Product &amp; Technology [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 20, 2026: Community Tech becomes a program|introduced changes]] meant to increase the number and complexity of wishes fulfilled, including the disbanding of the Community Tech team. They are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|engaging in discussions]] about a [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist#Proposed direction for Wishlist|proposed direction for the wishlist]] from community members. Includes ways to structure annual voting, better tracking of wishes, removing focus areas, and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|staffing updates]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.6|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W24&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:30, 8 June 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-25 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W25&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Reader Growth team]] has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Image Browsing]] beta feature on the mobile web version of all Wikipedias. The feature shows an image carousel at the top of articles with 3 or more images. Editors can configure this feature with the following controls: to hide a specific image from a page, either use &lt;code&gt;class=notpageimage&lt;/code&gt; excluding it from thumbnail previews, or &lt;code&gt;class=noviewer&lt;/code&gt; excluding it from MediaViewer. The carousel can also be disabled from a page entirely, with the magic word &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;__NOMEDIAVIEWERCAROUSEL__&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. To submit feedback or flag bugs, please visit the [[mw:Talk:Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|project page]]. 
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Tables#class=&quot;wikitable&quot;|Wikitables]] can now be [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Sortable tables#Forcing the initial sort direction|sorted in descending order]] on the first click by adding &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;data-sort-order=&quot;desc&quot;&lt;/code&gt; to the header cell. Previously, by default, clicking a column header for the first time sorts it in ascending order. This addition to a Wikitable gives it more control and flexibility, while the default behavior for subsequent clicks remains unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398416]

'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature is currently being tested with some editors creating new articles on the Simple English, French, and Turkish Wikipedias. The experiment will soon begin on the Arabic and Bangla Wikipedias as well. [[w:simple:Special:NewArticle|This feature]] gives editors community-curated guidance to help them create articles that follow community standards. Experienced editors can continue creating or adapting outlines for specific article types that are commonly created by less experienced contributors. The outlines guide less experienced editors in creating high-quality articles. A quick guide to markups used in outlines can be found on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide#Markups in outlines|this page]]. [[w:simple:Wikipedia:Article Guidance|Example outlines]] that can be adapted and instructions for how to adapt them are on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|this section]] of the project page.
* Wikis that wish to replace the &quot;indefinitely&quot; button in Special:Block for temporary accounts (for example, wikis that block temporary users only until account expiration) will be able to do so by creating [[MediaWiki:ipb-indefinite-expiry-temporary-account]] with the block duration they want. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427125]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:41}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:41|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* By the end of June, a valid user-agent string will be required for automated dumps downloads from the dumps.wikimedia.org website. Automated requests that provide a generic or empty user-agent will be blocked. This [[phab:T400119|extends enforcement]] of the long standing [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|user-agent policy]]. Access to dumps through Wikimedia Cloud Services will not change.
* The roll out of global [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|API rate limits]] is now complete, with limits enforced across all APIs and at the documented levels for all groups. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki remain exempt. All bots should continue to follow the documented best practices to avoid being rate limited.
* The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal wiki] will be read only starting this week (June 15-18). The following week (June 22-25), all API Portal wiki URLs will redirect to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|Wikimedia APIs on mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.7|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* On June 17th at 6pm UTC the WMF will be holding Discord call focused on a code review. We've heard through the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Developer Satisfaction Survey/2026|Developer Satisfaction Survey]] that volunteers are struggling with code review and we'd like to discuss these experiences with the goal of surfacing workable solutions. You can join the call [https://discord.gg/wikipedia?event=1514727511102062664 via the Wikimedia Community Discord server].
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Conferencia Wikimedia de América Latina 2026|Latin American Wikimedia Conference]] will host a regional hackathon that will bring together the Wikimedia movement’s technical community including developers, system administrators, data scientists, and users with extended rights. Interested technical contributors can [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSf4osJzTHBJjQbYJk7TMVEJjTEQv7IgtsUDfP-o-qTgeRQQxw/viewform apply for a scholarship] to participate until June 21 at midnight (Bolivia time, UTC-4).
* Sign up for Wikimania Team Challenges to join this special event. The Team challenges will take place online and in person from July 21 to 22, before Wikimania conference. Everyone is welcome, regardless of skills or Wikimania registration. Teams will work on 10 important challenges supporting the Wikimedia community. For details, visit [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Team challenges|the Team Challenges page]] and [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/wm/teamchallenges/ register there]. Registration closes on June 20th at 11pm UTC. 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W25&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 16:48, 15 June 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-26 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W26&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Growth features]] are [[phab:T418115|now available at Wikidata]]. This update enables access to Mentorship ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|if configured]]), Impact module, the Help Panel, and a simplified Newcomer Homepage (without Suggested Edits). Wikidata administrators are still configuring the features through Community Configuration.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The special page [[{{#special:RangeCalculator}}]] has been created. It allows users to find an IP range without needing to rely on external tools. Until now, this tool was only available to CheckUsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T268429]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]] is a new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details. It will be deployed to most small and medium-sized Wikipedia language versions on June 23. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#deployment|FAQ]] lists possible actions to take on your wiki to support the deployment. Check the [[:phab:T414094|rollout plan]] for the next deployment steps. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428902]
* Starting next week, users will get a notification when they are blocked or unblocked from editing, or if this block changes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100974]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Starting next week, abuse filters that are set to &quot;require CAPTCHA verification&quot; will begin to also affect users with the &lt;code&gt;skipcaptcha&lt;/code&gt; right, which includes most autoconfirmed users. Bots are exempted. This change only affects edits that trigger an abuse filter. The &lt;code&gt;skipcaptcha&lt;/code&gt; right will continue to exempt users from having to solve CAPTCHAs in the ordinary course of using the wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402595]
* Reference documentation for the [[wikitech:Machine_Learning/LiftWing/API|Lift Wing API]] has moved from the API Portal to the interactive [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?api=lift-wing&amp;title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox].
* The API Portal wiki is now closed. For API documentation, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_APIs|Wikimedia APIs on mediawiki.org]]. All API Portal wiki URLs (https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/) will redirect to the mediawiki.org page starting June 22. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427537]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.8|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* Join an online call on 25 June at 2:30pm UTC to meet the current Wikimedia interns for [[mw:Google_Summer_of_Code/2026|Google Summer of Code]] and [[mw:Outreachy/Round_32|Outreachy]]. Interns will provide an overview of their projects and a brief demo of their work so far. Attendees are encouraged to [[mw:event:Google_Summer_of_Code/Summer_2026_June_Internship_open_session|share ideas and connections in their community]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W26&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 13:05, 23 June 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-27 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W27&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/27|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|Account Creation Experiments]], the Growth team tested adding a user account icon in the mobile web header for logged-out users, providing direct access to &quot;Create account&quot; and &quot;Log in&quot; actions. The experiment increased account creation by about 20% without negatively affecting edit quality or constructive edit rates. The feature will now be rolled out to all Wikimedia Foundation wikis on mobile web in the first week of July. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428220]
* After a [[phab:T426248|successful experiment]], logged-in users who did not [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email_confirmation|confirm their email address]] when their account was created see a new banner asking them to complete that process. This helps reduce the risk that users get locked out of their account, and makes account email addresses overall more reliable. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428292]
* An update to [[Special:Search|Search]] is refining how the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;-prefix:&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; behaves when used to exclude results. Previously, using &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;-prefix:&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; with negation could unintentionally broaden search results by adding the namespaces included in the search scope, leading to confusing behavior for users expecting a straightforward exclusion filter. With the update, &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;-prefix:&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; will now strictly exclude matching page titles as intended and may display a warning if the relevant namespace has not been explicitly selected. The behavior of &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;prefix:&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; without negation however remains unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427443]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where reviewers using the Page Curation toolbar were not automatically subscribed to talk page discussions they started has now been fixed. Reviewers will now receive notifications when someone replies to those discussions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329346]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Starting June 29th, automated downloads from the dumps.wikimedia.org website will be subject to the [[Foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|user-agent policy]]. Automated requests that provide a generic or empty user-agent will be blocked. Access to dumps through Wikimedia Cloud Services remains unaffected. This is a follow up to the announcement made in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|2026/25 issue of Tech News]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.9|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/27|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W27&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 11:48, 29 June 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-28 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W28&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/28|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the search bar results on Wikidata, showed English results instead of using the correct language fallback for users of language variants, has now been fixed. Search suggestions will now follow the expected language fallback chain. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429769]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* In preparation for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Celebrate Women|Celebrate Women campaign]] planned for March 2027, the Wikimedia Foundation’s [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Advancement/Community Growth/Content Enablement|Content Enablement team]] has launched a 22-question survey to better understand technical contributions by women+ (anyone who identifies as a woman) across Wikimedia projects. The survey takes approximately 15–20 minutes to complete and will remain open until 20 July 2026. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Celebrate Women/Technical contributions survey|questions]] are also available on-wiki for review in advance.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Score|Score extension]] now supports rendering music scores as SVG images in addition to PNG, addressing a long-standing [[:phab:T49578|feature request]] and resolving historical image quality issues. Both formats are now provided to clients, with PNG in the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;src&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; attribute and SVG in the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;srcset&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; attribute.
* The new [[wikitech:Parsoid|Parsoid]] parser [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Updates|continues to be deployed to additional wikis]], making it easier to introduce new reading and editing features. It was enabled on French Wikipedia, bringing total progress to covering 78.9% of Wikipedia page views. Rollout to English Wikipedia desktop will progress through this week.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.10|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* The Wikimedia Hackathon 2026 [[diffblog:2026/06/29/wikimedia-hackathon-2026-building-collaborating-and-shaping-the-future-together/|recap blog post]] is now live. It highlights the projects, sessions, and social activities from this year’s event, and shares initial plans for the 2027 Wikimedia Hackathon.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/28|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W28&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 13:57, 6 July 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-29 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W29&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/29|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise_Tone|Revise Tone]] helps newcomers identify passages in Wikipedia articles that may contain non-encyclopedic language and encourages them to consider revising the tone. The feature was [[w:en:A/B_testing|A/B tested]] on the Arabic, English, French, and Portuguese Wikipedias, where newcomer task completion rates [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise_Tone#Experiment_Results|increased by 38.7%]] compared to the default Copyedit task, with no decrease in edit quality. The test ended on July 9, and the feature is now available for everyone on these wikis, configurable via Community Configuration. [[phab:T426364|The plan]] is to release Revise Tone to more wikis.
* The community configuration that allows [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship#Automated mentor list cleanup|automatic removal of inactive mentors]] based on configurable criteria will be enabled on Thursday 16, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Deployment|on some wikis]] to keep mentor lists up to date. Mentors are experienced contributors who opt in to help new users on-wiki through the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Growth Features]]. Administrators can now prepare the settings via [[w:Special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship|Special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship]]; they will take effect starting Thursday.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:38}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:38|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where some users of the Wikipedia Android app were logged out immediately after signing in, preventing them from staying logged in and editing pages, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316916]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Editing a page via user scripts or gadgets was causing watchlist labels that the user had assigned to that page to reset. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423778]
* To work around a Safari bug (see [[phab:T425211]]), on Parsoid-enabled wikis, wikilink hrefs now use absolute urls instead of protocol-relative urls. REST API output remains unchanged and continue to use protocol-relative urls. Gadgets, user scripts, bots, and CSS might need to be adapted if they relied on the presence of protocol-relative urls in wikilink hrefs. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T431358]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.11|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* The Wikimedia Foundation’s Experiment Platform Team has published a blog post reflecting on its first year of structured experimentation. It highlights successful experiments such as Paste Check, Reference Check, and Tone Check, which improved editing outcomes and have been rolled out to more users, as well as experiments that did not lead to product changes. [[diffblog:2026/07/07/moving-the-needle-how-we-test-new-ideas-across-wikimedia-projects|Read more]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/29|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W29&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 16:11, 13 July 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-31 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W31&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/31|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ContentTranslation|Content Translation]] now supports dark mode, fulfilling a [[m:Community Wishlist/W544|Community Wishlist request]]. This brings the tool in line with the accessibility features available in the Vector 2022 and Minerva skins, helping reduce visual fatigue for users translating content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367077]
* DiscussionTools' source mode and the 2017 wikitext editor will now offer autocomplete for links (&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;), templates (&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;), HTML and parser tags (&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;), and magic words (&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;__&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;), making it quicker and easier to insert links, templates, and other wiki markup while editing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T432400]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Readers Growth team]] has concluded its experiment with mobile page previews and will not roll out the feature. Page Previews are a pop-up bottom sheet that appears when readers tap a blue link, showing a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and an option to open the article. The experiment showed flat retention and negative indicator metrics, suggesting that mobile web readers preferred navigating directly to linked articles rather than using page previews.
* The Reader Experience team has seen encouraging early results from the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists feature]], with 93% of participating users reporting that it was useful. Reading Lists help active readers save articles for future reading and support their learning goals on Wikimedia projects. The team plans further improvements before expanding the feature to more users.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh|Explore Feed Refresh]] initiative was tested with new and casual Wikipedia app readers. The refreshed feed helps readers discover new and relevant content. After a 10.5% increase in engagement with the feed, Wikimedia Apps team has decided to scale the Home Feed redesign to iOS with the learnings from the Android release applied.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where subject names in the Article Guidance feature were displayed with incorrect capitalization on French Wikipedia, has now been fixed. Subject names will now follow the correct capitalization rules for the language. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427201]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* After running several [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|Account Creation Experiments]] to improve registration completion rates, a new version of the username field on [[Special:CreateAccount|Create Account]] has been rolled out. It includes [[:c:File:Create account - July 2026 updates.png|a popover summarizing the username policy]] to provide clearer guidance during account creation. As part of this change, the messages &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;createacct-helpusername&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;createacct-username-help&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; that several communities have configured will no longer be used. If communities want to customize the guidance shown in the new popover, they can instead edit the following messages: &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet1&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet2&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet3&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T430604]
* Later this week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror syntax highlighter]] will offer [[w:en:Theme (computing)|themes]]. The themes can be picked from a dropdown menu in the full [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#CodeMirror preferences|CodeMirror preferences]] dialog. For wikitext, available themes are default, colorblind-friendly (previously the colorblind preference option on [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing]]) and no-highlighting. For code languages (i.e., CSS/JavaScript/JSON/Vue/Lua), there are several themes available. These same themes will eventually be available for wikitext, too. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T163533]
* From now on, wikis can restrict editing in the &quot;User&quot; namespace to only the page owner and certain user groups. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:$wgRestrictUserPageEditing|Read the configuration documentation]] to learn more.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.14|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/31|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W31&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 18:49, 27 July 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-32 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W32&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/32|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] has developed a [https://82db7c8d4b.catalyst.wmcloud.org/w/index.php?title=Regent%27s_Park&amp;uselang=de patch demo] that wraps the page toolbar onto two lines when there is not enough horizontal space for all the buttons. This aims to reduce crowding in the Vector 2022 toolbar, which can occur on some language Wikipedias at certain screen widths. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429518]
* The Reader Experience team is planning to launch [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]], a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Mobile and apps/Have Apps reading lists available on Destop/Mobile|Community Wishlist item]], which is currently available to try in beta, as a full feature in September. Before then, volunteer translator help is needed for [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;group=ext-readinglists&amp;filter=&amp;action=translate string translations] into a number of languages. The feature supports reading and learning goals on Wikipedia.
* Next week, the table of contents on Wikimedia Commons file pages will be improved by consolidating the file page table of contents with the page table of contents. This will make it easier to understand a file page’s structure, navigate to specific sections, and share links to individual sections. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332644]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where some [[w:TIFF|TIFF]] images failed to load after clicking their thumbnail, causing a broken image to be displayed instead of the full-size image, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429326]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The variable and function selector in AbuseFilter has been updated to support search and autocomplete. It will allow filter maintainers to find the desired variable or function more quickly. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T323698]
* The MJPEG and VP8 formats are removed from the video player. The MP4 format (MPEG-4 Part 2) is added instead, which provides higher quality videos to older iPhone devices. It may take a few weeks to retroactively update all existing videos. The default format for modern devices stays the same (VP9/WebM). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358266]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.15|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/32|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W32&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:46, 3 August 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-33 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W33&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/33|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new ChartWizard is [[c:Special:ChartWizard/Data:Example.Pie.chart|now available on Wikimedia Commons]] for users interested in creating charts from their own data. The wizard makes the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] more beginner-friendly by allowing editors to create charts, such as bar and pie charts, without needing to use JSON. Users can still switch to the JSON editor if they prefer. Feedback on the new tool is welcome on the [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist/W414|wish talk page]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the Wikipedia iOS app’s Picture of the Day widget displayed the same image every day instead of updating daily, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T430692]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Math|Math formula]] SVG images will soon be generated in the browser instead of on the server. MathML continues to be generated on the server and renders in the browser without JavaScript. Wikibooks will see this change on 12 August, Wikisource on 19 August and Wikipedia from 20-27 August. You can try this by selecting &quot;{{int:Mw-math-mathjax}}&quot; in your preferences. This change is part of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase/deprecation|deprecating RESTBase]] and [[phab:T431372|deprecating Mathoid]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271001]
* Category pages will soon support sorting entries by the time they are added to a category. This will make it easier to find recently or long-standing categorized pages. It will also improve workflows for maintenance categories such as deletion backlogs and other time-based review tasks. You can use &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;cldsort=timestamp&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; URL argument in category view to sort the entries. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433768]
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] and user scripts on Wikimedia wikis may now use [[phab:T395347|ES2018 features]] and [[phab:T419142|ES2019 features]] in JavaScript code. Previously, the platform only allowed up to ES2017. MediaWiki validates the source code to protect functionality from syntax errors and to ensure scripts are valid in all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Compatibility#Browser_support_matrix|supported browsers]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419142]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.16|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/33|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W33&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:45, 10 August 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-34 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W34&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/34|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Worklist|Worklist feature]] for the Event Registration tool is now live on all Wikimedia wikis. With Worklist, event organizers can add the articles their event will focus on directly to the event page. The Worklist also powers [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Worklist#How Event Pathways uses the worklist|Event Pathways]] which notifies other editors of the upcoming or ongoing event when they edit an article featured in the event's Worklist. This is the minimum viable version (MVP), and feedback is welcome. Organizers are encouraged to try the feature. A hands-on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Worklist Setup Workshop: Get Your Event Ready|Worklist Setup Workshop]] will take place on 18 August at 16:00 UTC and 19 August at 11:00 UTC.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[Special:ShortPages]] displays short pages by their size, but in many cases it gets filled with disambiguations and soft redirects, making it harder to find the short articles themselves. Starting this weekend, you will be able to choose not to include an article in the special page by adding the magic word &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;__EXPECTSHORTPAGE__&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433203]
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q3436680|Bole]] ([[w:bol:|&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;w:bol:&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429921]
* Starting the week of August 17, the page toolbar will wrap onto two lines when there is not enough horizontal space for all the buttons. This is a [[phab:T429518|fully merged patch from the Reader Experience team]] which aims to reduce crowding in the Vector 2022 toolbar, that may occur on some language Wikipedias at certain screen widths.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:16}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:16|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, uploading large files to Wikimedia Commons has become more stable and less prone to failure following some fixes related to the “Could not acquire lock” upload error. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386640]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Debian Bullseye will reach the end of its Long Term Support on 31 August 2026. [[phab:T434103|Some Cloud VPS projects]] still have instances running Debian Bullseye. Maintainers of those projects are encouraged to migrate to Debian Bookworm or Debian Trixie. A [[wikitech:Help:Cloud VPS instance operating system migration|migration guide]] is available to help with the process, and users may also want to consider whether their workload is better suited to Toolforge. If you need help or cannot complete the migration by 31 August, please contact the Cloud VPS admins as soon as possible. [[listarchive:list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/RVIPQSYLKMSL5M46JP6NEJVGVE6I2RXQ/|Read more]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.16|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/34|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W34&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:03, 17 August 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-35 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W35&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[Special:CreateAccount|Special:CreateAccount]] page has been simplified as part of ongoing work to modernize the account creation experience. The panel showing project statistics no longer appears next to the form on desktop and mobile web. Multiple account creation experiments show that a simpler form helps newcomers complete registration. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433783]
* In order to improve page performance, images now load when they are viewed. This means images lower down an article will not load if a reader never scrolls to that part of the page, which may affect some image-related metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T148047]

* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:42}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:42|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where image thumbnails in Abstract Wikipedia could fail to display after the corresponding file was moved on Wikimedia Commons, has now been fixed. Thumbnails will now update correctly when files are moved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433448]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* User Info card is a feature that helps patrollers see information about user accounts. So far, it has been available only in places such as page history, logs and recent changes. Now, it's possible to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CheckUser#User_Info_card_in_page_content|place it in the page content]] as well, using the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{#uic:}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; parser function. It can be particularly useful in templates like [[:en:Template:Userlinks|&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Userlinks}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;]] (or their specialized variants), as it will make it easier to see the context about a user on various noticeboard pages. The card will be displayed only to users who have it enabled in their [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpcheckuser-userinfocard-enable|preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424466]
* Due to user security and privacy risks, we have disabled access to &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;Special:MyPage&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; URLs when specifically using &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;action=raw&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. If you are impacted by this, consider whether you can use an alternative approach. &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;Special:MyPage&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; URLs can still be accessed and used without &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;action=raw&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. Specified user page URLs (e.g. &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;User:Myusername&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;) can still be used with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;action=raw&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T120386]
* Due to an update, the thumbnailing software has been improved. This includes upgrading &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;librsvg&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; to 2.60 and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;ImageMagick&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; to 7, as well as resolving a number of long-standing thumbnailing bugs like rendering errors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419815#12222841]

* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.17|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W35&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:45, 24 August 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-36 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W36&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/36|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* A new format for the Community Wishlist is open for feedback. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Community Wishlist 2027|read the proposed ideas on Meta]]. This new process plans to improve how wishes are triaged, voted on, and prioritized in a way that is transparent and balanced across project families and language editions. This consultation is open for two weeks.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The latest release of the Wikipedia Android app includes updates to the Saved feature, bringing the app’s saving experience closer to iOS and Web. The update redesigns the Saved tab with an “All articles” view, removes the default “Saved” reading list, renames reading lists to “Collections,” and modernizes the article-saving experience. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420788]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]] feature was enabled for all logged-in users on Bengali, Chinese, Czech and Vietnamese Wikipedias on August 25, after several months as a beta feature. Reading Lists will be available to all logged-in users on Arabic, French and Indonesian Wikipedias on September 1, followed by English Wikipedia on September 14, and all other Wikipedia wikis on September 28.
* At the end of the month, some logged-out readers on Bengali, Czech, Persian, English, and Polish Wikipedias using the Minerva skin on mobile will see an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Minimal_Minerva|updated navigation bar]] in an [[w:A/B test|A/B test]]. The test will compare the current navigation bar with a new version designed to make it easier to find information more quickly. The goal is to determine whether these changes encourage readers to return more often. This experiment will not change the experience for logged-in readers and/or editors.
* Editors who maintain redirects, templates, and categories used on redirect pages now have improved ways for finding and curating redirects. Previously, redirects pages could not be searched. Two new search keywords, &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;onlyredirects:&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;withredirects:&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, now allow redirects to be searched directly and can be combined with existing keywords such as &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;incategory:&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;intitle:&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;insource:&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T204089]
* The ISBN lookup tools for generating citations were recently not working because of external service problems. Developers are working on solutions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435179]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where searching for pages by category using &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;deepcat&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; could return no results or unrelated results has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414859]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The domain of URLs for thumbnails is changing from upload.wikimedia.org to thumb.wikimedia.org. The old URLs will continue to work for the foreseeable future but MediaWiki will advertise the new domain instead. URLs to other types of media such as original files, videos and transcodes will still be served from upload.wikimedia.org. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427465]
* The Wikimedia [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?api=wmf-math%2Fv1&amp;title=Special%3ARestSandbox Math API] is now deprecated. These endpoints will be fully sunset by the end of September 2026. Developers who call these endpoints should transition to alternative math rendering solutions, such as the native [https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/MathML MathML] or [https://www.mathjax.org/ MathJax]. Third-party MediaWiki installations that utilize the Math extension for formula rendering are required to upgrade to v1.43+ to avoid disruption of service.

* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.18|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* Read more about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check/TextMatch|TextMatch]] in a Diff post titled, [[diffblog:2026/08/28/custom-edit-suggestions-for-every-wiki-how-communities-are-shaping-suggestion-mode-with-textmatch/|Custom edit suggestions for every wiki: How communities are shaping Suggestion Mode with TextMatch]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/36|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W36&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:53, 31 August 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-37 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W37&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/37|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add_a_link|Add a Link]] has been upgraded for English Wikipedia users with improved detection of links that have different capitalization. This will help reduce ambiguous suggestions caused by differences in capitalization in article titles, including articles about cultural goods. A second phase of improvements is planned, which will also prepare the feature for release in other languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435526#12240876] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T434259]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article_guidance|Article guidance]] feature will be enabled by default for junior editors on Simple English and Turkish Wikipedia starting 10 September 2026 following [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article_guidance/Updates#Summary_of_experiment_result|an experiment]]. Junior editors with 0 to 99 edits will automatically see the feature when they click a red link or use the &quot;[[tr:Vikipedi:Madde_sihirbazı|Madde oluşturto]]&quot; option on Turkish Wikipedia to create a new article. The change is intended to help junior editors create higher-quality articles that meet each Wikipedia’s standards. [[phab:maniphest/query/z3tcTjmLMxk5/#R|Additional improvements]] will continue based on the experiment results and community feedback.
* The [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org Pageviews Analysis] tool which allows users to compare pageviews across multiple pages, turns 10 years old this year and several new features have been added. They include [[toolforge:wikinav|WikiNav]] which provides insights into how readers of Wikipedia explore the content, editing stats in [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org/siteviews?range=latest-30&amp;sites=en.wikipedia.org Siteviews], the ability to [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org/massviews?source=wikiproject&amp;project=en.wikipedia.org lookup articles belonging to a WikiProject], and support for dark mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378549]
* A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Minimal_Minerva|visually simplified Minerva]] navigation bar is being tested for logged-out readers using mobile web on the Bengali, Czech, English, Farsi, and Polish Wikipedias. The experiment aims to determine whether simplifying the navigation improves reader retention. The test will run from August 31 to September 28, and no action is required from users.
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] is working on improving [[en:Wikipedia:VisualEditor/Named references|auto-generated reference names in VisualEditor]]. Editors will only notice a slight change starting this week. When adding automatic reference names the numbering will start at &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;:1&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; instead of &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;:0&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. Read more on the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|project page]]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/VisualEditor/VisualEditor/+/1332704]
*  All wikis will be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|read-only for a few minutes]] on September 23. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433363]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] could mishandle nested nowiki tags, causing content to be lost and displaying unwanted text has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435116]
'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Interface administrators can configure gadgets from [[MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition]]. The definition format has been updated and no longer requires the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;ResourceLoader&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; option, as gadgets are always loaded through &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;ResourceLoader&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. This simplifies gadget configuration by removing an option that is no longer necessary, making gadget definitions easier for administrators. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298199]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.19|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/37|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
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Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/38|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Future Audiences team has started a [[en:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia:Village pump (proposals)#New proposed experiment to let readers know about “Google preferred sources”|discussion on English Wikipedia]] about a proposed new experiment to show a temporary notice about the new [https://blog.google/products-and-platforms/products/search/original-high-quality-content-search/ Google Preferred Sources] feature to Wikipedia readers coming from Google. The experiment is to test whether this notice makes visitors come back to Wikipedia more often. Preferred Sources feature lets users choose websites they trust so Google can highlight content from those sources more prominently in Search and AI experiences. We are interested in testing this on other languages that Google supports and would welcome assistance with starting conversations on other wikis. If interested, please reach out to Future Audiences on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Preferred sources|talk page]].

'''Updates for editors'''
* The chat platform Discord is releasing a new self-service framework that websites can use to specify how their links should look when shared on Discord. The Future Audiences team is planning to start using this new framework to improve how Wikipedia links look when shared on Discord, giving better attribution and credit to contributors. The link appearance and behavior won't change in the first phase of this project as we want to first collect some baseline data to assess the impact of future changes. However, if community members who are active on Discord spot any issues, they can reach out on [[phab:tag/future-audiences/|Phabricator]] or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences|Metawiki]].
* The Reader Growth team will be running an experiment to test whether [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Compact Lead|compacting article lead sections on mobiles]] with the addition of a &quot;read more&quot; button improves reader retention. The test will begin on September 17 on Arabic, Spanish, French, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Portuguese, Vietnamese, and Chinese Wikipedias and will run for four weeks.
* All wikis will be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|read-only for a few minutes]] on September 23. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433363]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where [https://wikistats.wmcloud.org/ Wikistats] for Wikipedias was returning an HTTP 500 error and could not be reached, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435959]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Developers who maintain a tool that queries the Wikimedia Commons links tables need to update their code to connect to the new x4 database cluster. The links tables have been moved from the s4 cluster to x4, and will no longer receive updates on s4. The page and redirect tables remain available on both clusters. A wiki replica for the x4 cluster will be set up afterwards. The change is being made because the s4 cluster has grown too large to operate efficiently. You can [[wikitech:Special:MyLanguage/News/2026 Commons links tables database split|read more]].
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    <title>Social Victorians/Timeline/1890</title>
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      <text bytes="81510" sha1="khj4qzm1foqkbt9s6eji80jndnn8l92" xml:space="preserve">[[Social Victorians/Timeline/1840s|1840s]]  [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1850s |1850s]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1860s | 1860s]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1870s | 1870s]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1880s | 1880s Headlines]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1890s | 1890s Headlines]] 1890 [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1891 | 1891]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1892 | 1892]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1893 | 1893]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1894 | 1894]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1895 | 1895]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1896 | 1896]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1897 | 1897]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1898 | 1898]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1899 | 1899]]  [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s|1900s]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1910s|1910s]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1920s-30s|1920s-30s]]

==January 1890==
Sometime in January 1890, [[Social Victorians/People/Horniman|Annie Horniman]] was initiated into the Golden Dawn (Gilbert 86 144).

Sometime in 1890 Annie Besant and [[Social Victorians/People/Helena Blavatsky|Helena Blavatsky]] founded the Working Women's Club in the East End (Besant Chronology.pdf). Maye Dilke was a member (Crawford 170).

[[Social Victorians/People/Frank Harris|Frank Harris]] says,&lt;blockquote&gt;One day in 1890 I had George Meredith, Walter Pater and [[Social Victorians/People/Oscar Wilde|Oscar Wilde]] dining with me in Park Lane and the time of sex-awakening was discussed. Both Pater and Wilde spoke of it as a sign of puberty. Pater thought it began about thirteen or fourteen and Wilde to my amazement set it as late as sixteen. Meredith alone was inclined to put it earlier.&lt;ref&gt;Harris, Frank. ''My Life and Loves''.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

===1 January 1890, Wednesday, New Year's Day===
&lt;blockquote&gt;Sharp frost was experienced over the East of England yesterday morning, and in South London the thermometer had been as low as 27deg., and 28deg. in Hyde-park. It rose during the day to 41deg., but in the evening frost again set in. Later the thermometer rose again to 32deg., and there was an appearance as of coming rain.&lt;ref&gt;&lt;cite&gt;The Morning Post. 1 January 1890 (No. 36,675): P. 4, Col. F.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;Influenza is spreading all over Europe.

According to the &quot;Court Circular: Orders for Court Mourning&quot; in the Morning Post,&lt;blockquote&gt;A second supplement to the Gazette, issued last night, contains the following: —

&quot;Lord Chamberlain's Office, January 1.

&quot;Orders for the Court's going into mourning on Thursday next, the 2d instant, for her late Majesty the Empress of Brazil, viz.&quot; —

&quot;The ladies to wear black dresses, white gloves, black or white shoes, feathers, and fans, pearls, diamonds, or plain gold or silver ornaments. The gentlemen to wear black Court dress, with black swords and buckles.

&quot;The Court to change the mourning on Thursday, the 16th instant, viz.: — [new paragraph] The ladies to wear black dresses, with coloured ribbons, flowers, feathers, and ornaments, or grey or white dresses, with black ribbons, flowers, feathers, and ornaments. The gentlemen to continue the same mourning.

&quot;And on Thursday, the 23d instant, the Court to go out of mourning.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;&lt;cite&gt;&quot;Court Circular: Orders for Court Mourning.&quot; The Morning Post, 2 January 1890 (No. 36,676): page 5 Col. G.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

===9 January 1890, Thursday===

==== The York Hunt Ball ====
This account is from the ''Irish Society'', which explains which women's costumes are the focus:&lt;blockquote&gt;The fashionable world and his wife are out of town just now, having good times at country houses. They shed the light of their brilliant presence on those annual functions known as county balls, and enjoy themselves also at those popular and picturesque entertainments to which they are bidden by the masters and members of the various hunts.

One of the smartest dances of last week took place at York on Thursday evening. It was in fancy costume, and was in aid of funds for the York County Hospital. Once upon a time the journey from London to the Minster City of the North was a far cry, and one not lightly undertaken. Now it is luxurious and short. In consequence this hall presented the appearance of one in town in mid-season.

There was conspicuous for height and handsomeness the familiar figure and face of Countess de Grey. Lady Helen Duncombe, too, who shares with her Grace of Leinster, and Lady Cynthia Graham, the family beauty of the House of Feversham, was seen in the marvellously becoming (to her) costume of the Empire period. Lady Lilian Wemyss, a lady &quot;divinely tall,” and appropriately fair, was garbed in pink and white of a fashion hailing from the Empire. A &quot;square;” in which the lady dancers were all gowned empirically, was the event of the evening. An event worth remembering it was. The costumes were superb, but their attractions were nowhere in comparison with the charms the [Col. 1c–2a] wearers. These were all tall and each one handsome. Lady de Trafford’s pretty face and fine figure showed to great advantage in her gown of white satin, veiled with gold-bordered ''chiffon'', and with an Empire trained cloak from her shoulders of Rose du Barri velvet lined with white satin, and bordered with gold galon. The colour of the velvet in what is seen in the half-yellow, half-scarlet petals of the soft textured nasturtium bloom. [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Mrs Algernon Bourke]] looked a picture in a Gainsborough gown. The white satin skirt was flounced with sable and veiled with ''chiffon'', the setuage of which was left to show without being hemmed up. There was a broad sash of rose-pink silk and each buttonhole was filled round with crimped lisse. One might go on for long enough describing costume after costume, and then leave them half out. Therefore, we shall, like the judge &quot;sum up” and &quot;charge” for a verdict of the utmost brilliancy.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Our London Letter.&quot; ''Irish Society'' (Dublin) 11 January 1890, Saturday: 17 [of 24], Col. 1b–2a [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001939/18900111/042/0017. Same print title, p. 29.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

===16 January 1890, Thursday===
&lt;blockquote&gt;About two hundred members of the newly formed Dulwich Literary and Scientific Association attended the conversazione given on Jan. 16 at Surrey House Museum, Forest Hill, when Mr. Horniman, F.R.G.S., acted as cicerone round the rooms, richly stored with historical relics, ornithological curiosities, and art treasures.&lt;ref&gt;''Illustrated London News'' (London, England), Saturday, January 25, 1890; pg. 120; Issue 2649, Col. 3.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

==February 1890==

=== 12 February 1890, Wednesday ===

==== Lady Constance Leslie's Reception ====
&lt;blockquote&gt;On Wednesday last Lady Constance Leslie had an evening party at her residence in Stratford-place.

The numerous guests included Prince Ernest of Hohenlohe, Princess Victor of Hohenlohe, and the Countesses Gleichen, the Austro-Hungarian Ambassador, Count Mensdorf, Count and Countess Henry Lützow, Mr. and Mrs. Henry White, Baroness de Brienen and Mdlles de Brienen, the Duke of Abercorn, the Duchess of Cleveland, the Marchioness of Blandford and Lady Frances Spencer Churchill, Earl and Countess of Portarlington, Earl Stanhope, the Earl of Northbrook, the Earl and Countess of Arran, the Earl and Countess of Erne and the Ladies Cole, Julia Countess of Jersey and Mr. Brandling, Viscount Clifden, Viscountess Bary, Viscount Torrington, Viscount and Viscountess Castlerosse and Lady Louisa Beauclerk, Viscount and Viscountess de Vesci and Lady Sarah Spencer, Viscountess Galway, and Mr Caryl Ramsden, Lord de L'Isle and Dudley, Lord Alcester, Lord and Lady Wantage, Lord Ashbourne, Lady Henry Grosvenor and Lady G. Ogilvy, Lady Cloncurry, Lord Morris and Mr. M. Morris, Lady Charles Beresford, Lord Rowton, Lady Blanche Hozier, Lady Colville, Lady Rayleigh, Lady Constance Lytton and Mr. Charles Earle, Lady Evelyn Sutton, Lady Ernest Seymour and Ladies Fortescue, Lord and Lady Sandhurst, Lady Mary Lloyd, Lady Tweedmouth, Lady Windsor, Lord and Lady William Seymour, Lady Guy Campbell, Lady Egerton, Lady Fitzgerald, Baron d'Erlanger and Mr. Charles Derenberg, Hon. R. C. Spencer, M.P., and Mrs. Spencer, Hon. Evelyn Ashley, Hon. W. Mansfield, Hon. Lionel Ashley, Hon. A. Hood, Hon. William Lowther and Miss Lowther, Hon. Sydney Greville, Hon. Fitzroy and Mrs. Stewart, Hon. Frederick Leveson Gower, Hon. Kenneth Howard, Hon. Francis Villiers, Hon. Francis Bertie, Hon. Arthur Walsh, Colonel the Hon. Charles Edgcumbe, General Hon. John Bourke, General and Hon. Mrs. Ellis and Mrs. R. Sneyd and Miss Ellis, [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Hon. Algernon and Mrs. Bourke]], Hon. Alan and Hon. Evan Charteris, Hon. Alexander Yorke, Hon. Derek Keppel, General Sir Dighton Probyn, Hon. Percy Wyndham, Hon. Everard Baring and Hon. Susan Baring, Hon. Mrs. Brett, Hon. Claud Hay, the Right Hon. Henry Matthews, Sir George Arthur, Sir George Maude, Sir Philip Currie, C.B., Sir Redvers and Lady Audrey Buller, Sir Charles Grant, Sir Mackenzie Wallace, Sir Herbert Maxwell, M.P., Sir Oscar Clayton, Sir Robert Gresley, Sir Algernon West and Mr. Horace West, Sir George and Lady Russell and Miss Brackenbury, Sir Henry and Lady Longley, the Sub-Dean of the Chapels Royal, General Crealock, General Charles Fraser, Colonel Saunderson, M.P., and Hon. Mrs. Saunderson, Colonel and Mrs. Stewart and Miss Streatfeild [siv], Colonel and Miss Balfour, Colonel and Mrs. Stanley Clarke and Miss Clarke, Colonel R. Baring, Captain and Mrs. Jekyll, Captain and Mrs. J. Bagot, Captain Lambert Ward, Captain A. Bagot, Mr. Charles Hall, Q.C, M.P., Mr[.] Hussey Walsh, M.P., Mr and Mrs. W. Hartpole Lecky, Mr. and Mrs. Richard Combe, Mr Henry Foley, Mrs. Arbuthnot and Miss Guthrie, Mr. and Mrs. Heseltine and Miss Dorothy Heseltine and Lord Cantelupe, the Miss Stopford Brooke, Mr. and Mrs. Thackeray Ritchie, Mr Edmund Byng, Mr. and Mrs. Wilton Phipps, Professor Sidney Colvin, Mr. and Miss Tennant, Mr. Godfrey Webb, Mr. and Mrs. Turton and Mr. Sidney Ponsonby, Mrs. Adare, Mrs Cecil Paget and Mr. Hugo Wemyss, Mrs. L. Drummond, Mr. and Mrs E. Hope, Mrs. L. Seymour and Miss Seymour, Mr. Guy Repton, Mr. and Mrs. Julian Sturgis and Miss Beresford, Mr. Poynter, R.A., Mrs. Daniel Cooper, Mr. Hamilton Aïdé, Mr. Alwyne Maude, Mrs. C. Bentinck, Mrs. Bingham Mildmay, Mr. Philip Habord, Mr. and Mrs. George Bulteel, Mrs. Beerbohm Tree and Miss Julia Neilson, Mr. Hallé [Halle?], Mr. Rudolph Lehmann and Miss Lehmann, [[Social Victorians/People/Fanny Ronalds|Mr. R. Ronalds]], Mr. Ellice, Mr. Arthur, Madame Blumenthal, Miss Julia Leslie, Mr. and Mrs. Jeune, Mr and Mrs. Charles Stuart-Wortley and Misses Millais, Mrs. Arkwright, Mr Joachim, Mr. Gillett, Mr. Pulteney (Scots Guards), Colone| Cuthbert Larking, Mr. Harry Higgins, M. Tividar Nachez, Mr. G. Ross, Herr Johannes Woolff, Mrs. Charles Bagot and Miss Bagot, Mrs. Bischoffsheim, Mr. Henry Petre, Miss Balch, Mr. and Lady Maud Ramsden, Mr. Adolphus Liddell, Mr Knowles, Mr. Grenfell, Mr. Edward Hamilton, Mrs. Henry Gordon and Miss Gordon, Mr. Henry James, Mr. St. Leger, Mrs. Dacre Hamilton and the Misses Nugent, Mr. Harbord, Mr Somerset, Mr. Ruggles-Brise, Mr. and Miss Hughes of Kinmel, Mr. and Mrs Douglas Freshfield, Mrs. Homer, Mr. W. H. Mallock, Mr. and Mrs. Robert Benson, Mr. H. Seymour, Mr. Ernest Law, Mr. Hugh Grimston, Mr. Lionel Cust, Mr. Chappell, Mr. and Mrs. Du Maurier, Mr. Boughton, R.A., and Mrs. Boughton, Mr. R. Roche, Mr. Montagu Wilson, Mr. Herbert Hope, &amp;c.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Lady Constance Leslie's Reception.&quot; ''Morning Post'' 15 February 1890, Saturday: 2 [of 8], Col. 5c [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000174/18900215/008/0002. Same print title and p.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

==March 1890==

=== 10 March 1890, Monday ===


The Prince and Princess of Wales hosted a ball in celebration of their wedding anniversary:&lt;blockquote&gt;In celebration of the anniversary of the Prince and Princess of Wales's wedding day, their Royal Highnesses gave an evening party (dancing) at Marlborough House last night.

His Royal Highness the Duke of Edinburgh, her Royal Highness Princess Beatrice (Princess Henry of Battenberg) and his Royal Highness Prince Henry of Battenberg, her Royal Highness the Princess Louise of Wales (Duchess of Fife) and the Duke of Fife, his Royal Highness Prince George of Wales, her Royal Highness the Princess Victoria of Wales, her Royal Highness the Princess Maud of Wales, her Royal Highness the Princess Mary Adelaide (Duchess of Teck), and his Highness the Duke of Teck and her Serene Highness the Princess Victoria of Teck and his Serene Highness Prince Francis of Teck, and their Serene Highnesses the Prince and Princess Victor of  Hohenlohe-Langenburg and the Countess Victoria Gleichen were present.

The following had the honour to receive invitations, but some amongst them were unavoidably prevented from attending: —

The French Ambassador (M. Waddington) and Madame Waddington, the German Ambassador (Count Hatzfeldt) and the Countess Marie Hatzfeldt, the Turkish Ambassador (Rustem Pasha), the Austro-Hungarian Ambassador (Count Deym) and the Countess Deym, the Italian Ambassador  (Count Tornielli), the Countess Tornielli, and Mademoiselle Virginia dei Conti Lazzari, the Danish Minister (M. de Falbe) and Madame de Falbe, the Russian Chargé d'Affaires (M. Bontineff), his Serene Highness Prince Louis Esterhazy, M. A. Kroupensky, M. A. de Stoeckl, Count Leyden, Count Albert Mensdorff, Count Reventlow, Mr. and Mrs. Henry White, M. de Soveral, the Marques and Marquesa de Santurce, Mr. A. de Murrieta, Mr. C. de Murrieta.

The Duke and Duchess of Leeds and Lady Alice Osborne, the Duke and Duchess of Buccleuch, the Duke and Duchess of Portland, the Duke and Duchess of Westminster, the Marchioness of Blandford and Lady Frances Spencer Churchill, the Marquis and Marchioness of Granby, the Marquis and Marchioness of Londonderry, the Marquis and Marchioness of Ormonde, the Marquis and Marchioness of Salisbury and Lady Gwendolen Cecil, the Marquis and Marchioness of Stafford, Count Gleichen, the Earl and Countess Brownlow, the Earl and Countess Cadogan and Lady Emily  Cadogan, the Earl and Countess of Clarendon, the Earl of Chesterfield, the Earl of Clonmell, the Earl of Dudley, the Earl and Countess of Dunraven and Lady Florence Wyndham Quin, the Earl and Countess Granville and Lady Victoria Leveson Gower, the Earl and Countess of Hardwicke, the Earl and Countess Howe and Lady Evelyn Curzon, the Earl and Countess of  Kilmorey, the Earl and Countess of Lathom and Lady Alice Wilbraham, the Earl and Countess of Lucan and Lady Rosalind Bingham, the Earl of Mount Edgcumbe and Lady Albertha Edgcumbe, the Earl and Countess of Romney and Lady Florence Marsham, the Earl and Countess of Rosebery, the Earl of Shaftesbury, the Earl of Stradbroke, the Earl and Countess of Sefton and Lady Gertrude Molyneux, the Earl and Countess Spencer, Viscount Drumlanrig, Lord and Lady Randolph Spencer Churchill, Lord Frederick Hamilton, Lord Ernest Hamilton, Lord and Lady Algernon Gordon Lennox, [[Social Victorians/People/Mandeville|Viscountess Mandeville]], Lord Charles Montagu, Viscount Chelsea, Viscount and Viscountess Coke and the Hon. Violet White, Viscount Curzon, Lady Georgina Curzon and Lady Sarah Spencer Churchill, Viscount Fincastle, Viscount Royston, Viscount Valletort, Lord and Lady Brooke, Lord Burghersh, Lord Capell, Lord and Lady Norreys and the Hon. Coralie Glyn, Lady Charles Beresford, Lord Marcus Beresford, Lord Alwyne Compton, Lord and Lady William Nevill, Lord Richard Nevill, Lord Henry Paulet, Lord Henry Vane Tempest, Lord Herbert Vane Tempest, Admiral Lord Alcester, Lady Ampthill and the Hon. Constance Russell, Lord Alington and the Hon. Winifred and Hon. Mildred Sturt, Lord and Lady Colville of Culross  and the Hon. Blanche Colville, Lord and Lady De  Ramsey, Lady Hastings, Lord and Lady Hindlip, Lord Lurgan, Lord and Lady Revelstoke and the Hon. Susan Baring, Lord and Lady Rothschild,  Lord Rowton, Lord Suffield and the Hon. Judith and Hon. Eleanor Harbord, Lord and Lady Wimborne and the Hon. Frances Guest, Lord Wolverton, Baron Ferdinand Rothschild, Captain the Hon. Maurice Bourke, R.N., Colonel the Hon. Henry Byng and the Misses Byng, the Hon. Alan Charteris, Lieutenant-Colonel the Hon. C. Edgcumbe, the Hon. Sir Spencer and Lady Ponsonby Fane, the Hon. Sidney Greville, Colonel the Hon. Oliver Montagu, the Hon. C. R. and Mrs. Spencer, the Hon. S. M'Donnell, the Hon. Alexander Yorke, the Hon. H. and Lady Feodora Sturt, the Hon. Arthur Walsh, the Hon. R. Winn, the Right Hon. W. E. and Mrs. Gladstone and Miss Gladstone, the Right Hon. A. J. Balfour, the Right Hon. H. Chaplin, the Right. Hon. Sir Henry James, the Right Hon. Sir C. L. Wyke, the Hon. S. C. Colville, the Hon. Assheton Harbord, the Hon. Julia Stonor, the Hon. H. Stonor, the Hon. E. Stonor, Captain the Hon. Henry White, Sir Edward and Lady Guinness, Sir Charles Hartopp, Sir Frederick Johnstone, Sir John and Lady Lister Kaye, Sir James and Lady  Mackenzie, Colonel Sir Nigel and Lady Emily Kingscote, Admiral Sir R. and the Hon. Lady Macdonald and Miss Macdonald, General Sir Dighton and Lady Probyn, Sir Francis and the Hon. Lady Knollys, Major-General Sir Christopher Teesdale, Sir Oscar Clayton, Sir Allen Young, Lieutenant-General Bateson, Lieutenant-General Charles Fraser, Major-General and the Hon. Mrs. Arthur Ellis and Miss Ellis, Colonel J. P. Brabazon, Colonel and Mrs. Stanley Clarke and the Misses Clarke, Captain H. F. Stephenson, R.N., Lieutenant-Colonel F. H. Poore, Lieutenant-Colonel R. Vivian, Major C. Swaine, Captain Douglas Dawson, Captain C. H. A. Hervey, the officers of the Queen's Guard, St. James's Palace, Mr. G. Byng, Mr. Henry Calcraft, Mr. Victor Cavendish, Mr. Henry Ellis, Mr. Horace Farquhar, Mr. and Mrs. George Forbes and Miss Forbes, Mr. Montagu Guest, Mr. Charles Hall, Mr. E. W. Hamilton, Mr. and Lady Hilda Higgins, Mr. Holzmann, Miss Knollys, Mr. and Mrs. F. R. Knollys, Mr. Ronald Moncrieffe, Mr. Alfred Montgomery, Mr. Arnold Morley, Mr. Henry Petre, Mr. Alfred de Rothschild, Mr. and Mrs. Leopold de Rothschild, Mr. Reuben Sassoon and Miss Sassoon, Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Sassoon, Mr. Edgar Sebright, Mr. and Mrs. Ralph Sneyd, Mr. Christopher Sykes, and Mr. O. G. St. George Williams.

Messrs. Coote and Tinney's band was in attendance.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Marlborough House.&quot; ''Morning Post'' 11 March 1890, Tuesday: 5 [of 8]. Col. 6b–c [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.com/image-viewer?issue=BL%2F0000174%2F18900311&amp;page=5&amp;article=055&amp;stringtohighlight=mandeville+viscount. Same print title and p.
&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

==April 1890==
Arnold Dolmetsch took out a three-day ticket to the Reading Room in April 1890 (Campbell 22).

=== 9 April 1890, Wednesday ===

==== The New Forest United Hunt Ball ====
&lt;blockquote&gt;This annual ball was beld at the New Forest Hall, Lyndhearst, on Wednesday night, and was a most brilliant gathering, upwards of 200 being present, not only the New Forest but also neighbouring hunts being well represented. Among those present were Earl and Countess of Londesborough, Lady Mildred Denison, Lady Lilian Denison, Hon. Louis Johnstone, Hon. Gerald and Mrs Lascelles, Major Downman, Capt. Sandbach, R.H.A., Col. and Mrs Sinkins, Col. Fitzroy Smyth, Lady Thursby and party, Mr Stanley Pearce (Master of the Foxhounds), Mr F. Lovell (Master of the Deerhounds) and party, Lady Adela Goff and party, Hon. Miss St. Leger Glyn and party, Mr A. H. Jeffreys, M.P., and Mrs Jeffreys, Hon. Mrs A. Peter, Mr Somerset H. Onslow, Mr Lancelot Orde, Lord Garioch, Mr and Mrs C. K. Francis, the Countess of Normandy, Lady Mary Agar, Lord Montagu, Hon. John Scott Montagu, Viscount Cantelupe, Prince Dhuleep Singh, Hon. D. Keppel, Col. Charles Needham (1st Life Guards), [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Hon. Mrs Algernon Bourke]], Mrs Cornwallis West, Mr and Mrs Shelley Bontein, Col. Gridley, Col. Newton, Col. Elliot, R.H.A., Lady Meyrick and party, Sir W. Jervois, Lady Jervois and  party, &amp;c.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;The New Forest United Hunt Ball.&quot; ''The Sportsman'' 11 April 1890, Friday: 2 [of 4], Col. 5c [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001055/18900411/024/0002. Same print title and p.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

==May 1890==
Leonora Braham appeared at the Opera Comique as Ruth Ferns in ''Gretna Green''.
===21 May 1890, Wednesday===
It was his pupil the young Countess Valda Gleichen who found a sponsor for Dolmetsch's first but brief appearance at a London concert on 21 May 1890, when the 'Magpie Minstrels' … gave one of their bi-annual performances at the Princes' Hall&quot; (Campbell 30).

==June 1890==

=== 3 June 1890, Tuesday ===

==== Dinner and Concert Hosted by Mrs. Arthur Williams and Ball by Mrs. Menzies ====
&lt;blockquote&gt;Yesterday evening society passed a large proportion of time on wheels, and the number of receptions was more than the most inveterate could get through wvith comfort. ... Meanwhile, the Duke of Clarence and Avondale dined with Mrs. Arthur Wilson in Grosvenor-place, and a small and select concert followed. The Duchess of Leinster was, as ever, the most beautiful among many beauties, the Hon. Helen Henniker, after her long mourning, was warmly greeted by swarms of friends, and the Countess of Lovelace, in grey satin, chaperoned her débutante niece, Miss Milbank.

Prince &quot;Eddie&quot; went from Mrs. Arthur Wilson's hospitable mansion to that of Mrs. J. Graham Menzies. It is unusual to find mother and daughter entertaining this illustrious young man on the same evening. Mrs. Menzies, who has succeeded Lord Suffield in his beautiful house in Upper Grosvenor-street, had one of the smartest and most successful balls of the present season. The Blue Hungarians played with immense vigour and owing to the postponement of Lady Carnarvon's ball, there was no competition for men and married women. Countess Howe, Lady Brougham and Vaux, Lady Aveland and Miss Willoughby, Viscountess Stormont, the Hon. Lady Grey Egerton and Miss Egerton, the Duchess of Buccleuch, the [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Hon. Mrs. Algernon Bourke]], the Earl of Craven, Countess of Coventry, Mrs. Mackay, Lady Sykes, the Marchioness of Granby, Mrs. Hwfa Williams, Lord Garioch, Sir Savile and Lady Crossley, Mr. and Mrs. Harry Lawson, and many others were present.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Yesterday Evening Society.&quot; ''Pall Mall Gazette'' 4 June 1890, Wednesday: 4 [of 8], Col. 3a [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000098/18900604/015/0004. Same print title and p.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

==== Münster-Hay Wedding ====
Account of the wedding of Count Alexander Münster and Lady Muriel Henrietta Constance Hay. Count Bismarck sent a gift.&lt;blockquote&gt;St. Andrew's Church, Wells-street, was completely filled yesterday afternoon on the occasion of the marriage of Count Alexander Münster, son of Count Münster, German Ambassador in Paris, with Lady Muriel Henrietta Constance Hay, younger daughter of the Earl and Countess of Kinnoull. The ceremony was fixed for half-past two o'clock, but all the seats in the body of the church were occupied long before that time by invited guests. The rood screen was hidden with white flowers, and a number of tall palms were skilfully arranged in and about the chancel. The bridegroom was early in his place, and wore the splendid white and gold uniform of the Garde du Corps of the Emperor; his best man, Prince Hans Heinrich Pless, wearing the scarlet and gold uniform of the Garde Hussars. The six bridesmaids were Lady Mildred Denison, Lady Dorothea Stewart Murray, Hon. Marie Hay, Hon. Marjory Murray, Miss Rosalind Lovell, and Miss Gladys Hadow (niece of the bride). They wore pretty dresses of pale blue satin, veiled with white chiffon; the skirts were edged with a frill, and the bodices finished with quaint fichus of the chiffon, fastened in front with a bunch of forget-me-nots. They wore drawn hats of the chiffon, covered with forget-me-nots, and their posies were of the same flowers, intermixed with pink roses, and tied with narrow pink ribbons. Each wore a gold bangle with centre forming the initials &quot;A.M.,&quot; and a single turquoise drop. The bride entered the church at half-past two, and was received by her father, who led her to the chancel steps, preceded by the choristers singing a nuptial hymn. The bride's dress was of ivory satin made with a very long train. The front was fringed round the hem with orange blossoms and veiled with old Brussels lace, the gift of her mother; the bodice was entirely covered with beautiful old lace, and finished at the neck on one side with a cluster of orange blossoms. She wore a small wreath of orange blossoms and myrtle arranged in the hair at the back and a tulle veil falling almost to the end of the train and held by diamond stars, the gift of the bridegroom. The bride's other jewels included two diamond drop hairpins, the gift of Count Münster; an emerald and diamond brooch, from the bridegroom; enamel and diamond heartsease brooch, from Lady Mary Mills; a diamond and emerald bracelet, from the Duke of Beaufort; and a diamond bracelet, from the Duke and Duchess of Athole. Her train was held by her two little nephews, Masters Roland and Patrick Hadow, wearing Scotch dress with lace ruffles. The service, which was fully choral, was performed by the Rev. Provost Rorison, of St. Ninian's Cathedral, Perth, assisted by the Rev. W. T. Houldsworth, rector of St. Andrew's.

The Earl and Countess of Kinnoull afterwards entertained the bridal party at the residence of the Earl of Londesborough, uncle of the bride, in Grosvenor-square. Among the numerous guests were the Russian Ambassador and Madame de Staal, the German Ambassador, the Austrian Ambassador and Countess Deym, Count Münster and the Countesses Marie, Julia, and T. Münster, Prince Pless, Prince Louis Esterhazy, Count Donhoff, Baroness von Beckendorff-Hindenburg, Baron E. Fürstenberg, Count Paul Metternich, Geheimrath Schmettau, Countess Valentin, [[Social Victorians/People/de Soveral|M. de]] [[Social Victorians/People/de Soveral|Soveral]], Captain Hasenclever, Count Leyden, Herr von Rath, Count Francis Deym, Baron and Baroness Deichmann, Count Mensdorff, Herr Pilgrim Baltazzi, Count and Countess Henry Lützow, Baroness d' Erlanger [?], Herr von Kemnitz, Baron Cramm, Vicomte de Janzé, the Duke of Beaufort, the Duchess of Athole, and the Ladies Stewart Murray, the Marchioness of Downshire, the Marchioness of Stafford and Lady Sybil St. Clair Erskine, Maria Marchioness of Ailesbury, the Countess of Dunraven and Ladies Wyndham Quin, the Countess of Kilmorey, the Countess of Galloway and Miss Stewart, the Countess of Dudley and Lady Edith Ward, the Countess of Strathmore and Lady Constance Lyon, the Earl and Countess of Roden, Lady Willoughby de Eresby and Hon. Miss Willoughby, the Countess of Westmorland. Viscount and Viscountess Raincliffe, Viscountess Coke, Viscountess Stormont and Hon. MabeI Murray, Viscountess Malden and Hon. Miss Capel, Lord Hay of Kinfauns [?], Lady Delamere and Miss Cholmondeley, Lady Brougham, Lady Esher, Lord Saye and Sele and Hon. Maud and Hon. Gertrude Fiennes, Lady Helen MacGregor and Miss MacGregor, Lord and Lady Algernon Gordon Lennox and Lady Angela St. Clair Erskine, Lady Raglan, Lord Charles Innes Ker, Lady Elizabeth Bertie, Lady Frances Pratt and Lady Clementine Pratt, Lady Geraldine Somerset, Lady Dalton Fitzgerald and Miss Payne, Lady Mary Mills and Miss Pereira, Lady Dorchester, Lady Louisa Moncreiffe and Misses Moncreiffe, Lady Norreys, Lady Petre, Lady Jane Trefusis, Lord Frederic Hamilton, Baroness de Brienen and Miss de Brienen, Helen Lady Forbes and the Misses Forbes, Lady Scott, Miss Scott and Mrs. Green, Lord Zouche and Hon. Miss Curzon, Mr. and Lady Constance Hadow, Hon. Lady Campbell, Lady William Nevill and Miss Bannerman, Hon. Alastair and Mrs. Hay, Hon. Miss Greville, Captain Hon. Randolph Stewart, Hon. FitzRoy and Mrs. Stewart, Hon. Charles Walsh, Hon. William Walsh, [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Hon. Mrs. Algernon Bourke]], Colonel Hon. Charles and Mrs. Hay and Miss Maude Hay, Hon. Mrs. Greville Nugent, Hon. Mrs. Colville and Miss Streatfeild [sic], Hon. Claude Hay, Sir Charles and Lady Forbes of Newe, Laely Borthwick, Sir Francis Montefiore, Sir Henry Hoare, Sir George Arthur, Sir William Gordon Cumming, General and Mrs. Wilkinson, Colonel and Mrs. Chaine, Colonel Arthur Paget, Colonel H. M. Hozier, the Provost of St. Ninian's, Major Finch, Major Candy, Colonel Lloyd, Captain and Mrs. Stewart, Mr. and Mrs. Hay Drummond, Captain and Mrs. Lloyd, Mr. William Gillett, Mr. Hulse, M.P., and Mrs. Hulse, Captain Lumley, Captain Barrow, Major Anstruther, Mrs. Hwfa Williams, Mr. Arthur Hay, Mr. Raglan Somerset, Mr. and Mrs. George Cavendish Bentinck, Mrs. Villiers, Mr. Henry Petre, Mrs. Keighley, Mrs. E. Balfour and Miss Balfour and Miss Ellice, Mrs. Dick Cunynghame and Miss A. M'Gregor, Rev. C. Weidemann, Miss Balfour and Miss E. Balfour, Mrs. and Miss Halford, Mr. and Mrs. Toler, Mrs. and Miss Townley, Rev. Dr. M'Ewan, Mr. A. F. Levita, Mr. F. Stephens, Mrs. and Miss Leigh, Mr. and Mrs. George Forbes and Miss Forbes, Mrs. Luke Wheeler, Mrs. J. Beerbohm, Dr. and Mrs. W. M. Collins, Mrs. and Miss Orde, Mrs. Murray, Miss Glyn, Mrs. Godfrey Pearse, Mr. Balfour, Mr. Leopold Goldberg, Mr. and Miss Oswa d [Oswald], Mr. and Mrs. C. Bulteel, Mrs. Brydges Wyllyams, Mr. H. Balfour, the Misses Codrington, Miss Finch, Mrs. Barron and Miss Sullivan, Mr. Hamilton Aidé, Mr. Granville and Miss Berkeley, Mr. M'Gregor, Mrs. and Miss Needham, Mr. and Mrs. A. Consett and Miss Consett, Mrs. Herbert Naylor LeyIand, Mr. and Mrs. A. Darby, Mrs. Montefiore, Mrs. Charles Murray and Miss Murray, Mrs. Thomas Legh, the Rev. John F. Mitchell, Mr. and Mrs. Claud Hay, Mr. Fiztalan Manners, Mr. Albert Stopford, Mr. Hervey Pechell, and Mr. and Mrs. Charles Orde.

Later in the day Count Alexander Münster and his bride left for Hillingdon Court, Uxbridge, the residence of the Hon. A. Mills, where they will pass the early days of the honeymoon, and then proceed to Chàlet Sans Souci, Bellaggio, Lake of Como, lent by Mr. Hervey Pechell. They will afterwards go to Wiesbaden, and thence to Count Münster's German country seat, where a great reception awaits them.

The wedding presents were very numerous. Count Munster presented the bride with a diamond necklace and pair of diamond drop hairpins. The bridegroom's gifts to his bride included a tiara of three diamond stars, a brooch formed of an emerald of unusual size set in diamonds, large pearl pendant, gold bracelet set with turquoises, and diamond and turquoise ring. The Duke of Beaufort presented Lady Muriel with an emerald and diamond bracelet. The Earl and Countess of Kinnoull's presents included a quantity of plate and other articles. Prince Henry of Battenberg sent a large silver-mounted claret jug; Count Bismarck, a silver box; the Marchioness of Waterford, gold snake bracelet, with pearl head and ruby eyes; the Duke and Duchess of Athole, diamond &quot;M&quot; bangle; Lady Ermyntrude Malet, massive silver bowl; Countess Marie Münster, silver tea set and tray; Baron E. Fürstenberg, pair of gold-mounted claret jugs; Baron and Baroness Erlanger, large silver bowl; Baron and Baroness Gungberg, pair of antique silver mounted jugs.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Marriage of Count Alexander Münster and Lady Muriel Hay.&quot; ''Morning Post'' 4 June 1890, Wednesday: 7 [of 12], Col. 7a–c [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000174/18900604/064/0007. Same print title and p.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

===4 June 1890, Wednesday===
Derby Day.

According to the Morning Post, &lt;quote&gt;Lady Thurlow's first dance. / Mrs. Coddington's Ball. / The Fourth of June celebration at Eton. / ... Royal Society of Literature — Paper on &quot;Early England,&quot; by Mr. Carmichael, S. &lt;/quote&gt; (&quot;Arrangements for This Day.&quot; The Morning Post Wednesday, 4 June 1890: p. 7 [of 12], Col. 6A).

===13 June 1890, Friday===
? or on the 12th? Arnold Dolmetsch had a concert at which his students performed (Campbell 31). It was reviewed very positively in the 13 June Daily Graphic, especially Helene Dolmetsch's performance. They did Purcell's Fairy Queen. They used a harpsichord.

===26 June 1890, Thursday===
There was apparently a regular celebration of [[Social Victorians/People/Arthur Collins|Arthur Collins]]' birthday, 26 June, by Bret Harte, George Du Maurier, [[Social Victorians/People/Arthur Sullivan|Arthur Sullivan]], Alfred Cellier, Arthur Blunt, and John Hare (Nissen, Axel. Brent Harte: Prince and Pauper: 239. [http://books.google.com/books?id=WEDewmUnapcC]). Choosing 1885–1902 as the dates because those apparently are the dates of the close relationship between Harte and Collins, ending in Harte's death in 1902.

==July 1890==
===3 July 1890, Thursday===
&lt;blockquote&gt;On July 3, 1890, Besant’s house at 19 Avenue Road, St. John’s Wood, was inaugurated as a new center of Theosophical work, serving as the European headquarters of the [[Social Victorians/Theosophical Society|Theosophical Society]] and as HPB’s residence. That house became also the meeting place of HPB’s Inner Group, twelve of her students who were eager for more intense training than was feasible in a larger, more general gathering.&lt;/blockquote&gt;That Inner Group is different from the Esoteric Section.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Esoteric World Chapter 23.&quot; ''The Theosophical Society of America, Online Resources''. http://www.theosophical.org/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;catid=23&amp;id=1725&amp;Itemid=53&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;The hall had a seating capacity of about 200. On the opening night [July 3, 1890] [sic] the room was crammed, and many were unable to gain admission. The speakers were Mrs. Besant, Mr. Sinnett, a Mrs. Woolff (of America), and Mr. [Bertram] Keightley. HPB was present but said nothing, on account of the critical state of her health.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;23a. Henry S. Olcott, July 1890, London [Olcott 1931, 4:254–6].&quot; Esoteric World Chapter 23. ''The Theosophical Society of America, Online Resources''. http://www.theosophical.org/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;catid=23&amp;id=1725&amp;Itemid=53.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

=== 4 July 1890, Friday, 11 p.m. ===

==== The Queen's State Ball at Buckingham Palace ====
The Prince and Princess of Wales were hosts of this ball, as Queen Victoria was not present. Many of the Queen's children and their spouses were present.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;State Ball at Buckingham Palace.&quot; ''Morning Post'' 5 July 1890, Saturday: 5 [of 8], Col. 5a–7b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000174/18900705/038/0005. Same print title and p.&lt;/ref&gt; The dancing commenced shortly after the Prince and Princess of Wales arrived at 11:00.

=== 1890 July 15, Tuesday ===

==== Garden Party at Marlborough House to Meet the Queen ====
The beginning of the ''Morning Post'' article, which is followed by a very long list of people invited:&lt;blockquote&gt;Their Royal Highnesses the Prince and Princess of Wales gave a garden party at Marlborough House yesterday afternoon to meet the Queen.

Her Majesty was accompanied by their Royal Highnesses the Princesses Victoria and Margaret of Prussia, and was attended by the Duchess of Roxburghe, Miss M'Neill, the Hon. Evelyn Moore, the Hon. Bertha Lambert, and Major-General Sir Henry Ewart and Major F. A. Bigge. Madlle. De Perpigna was in attendance on the Princesses Victoria and Margaret.

The following were present: — Their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of Edinburgh and Prince Alfred, and the Princesses Marie, Victoria, Alexandra, and Beatrice of Edinburgh; their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of Connaught and Prince Arthur, and the Princesses Margaret and Patricia of Connaught; their Royal Highnesses the Prince and Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein Sonderburg-Augustenburg and Princess Victoria and Princess Louisa of Schleswig-Holstein, her Royal Highness the Princess Louise, Marchioness of Lorne, and the Marquis of Lorne.

Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Albany, her Royal Highness the Princess Frederica and the Baron von Pawell-Rammingen, his Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge, her Royal Highness Princess Mary Adelaide Duchess of Teck and his Highness the Duke of Teck and Princess Victoria of Teck, his Royal Highness the Duke d'Orleans and Princess Hélène d'Orleans, his Imperial Highness Don Pedro Augustus of Coburg and Braganza, his Serene Highness the Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe, his Serene Highness the Prince of Leiningen and their Serene Highnesses Prince and Princess Victor of Hohenlohe-Langenburg and the Countesses Gleichen, and Count Gleichen.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Garden Party at Marlborough House.&quot; ''Morning Post'' 15 July 1890, Tuesday: 5 [of 8], Col. 3a–7c [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000174/18900715/044/0005. Same print title and p.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

=== 19 July 1890, Saturday ===

==== Wedding of James Francis Harry St. Clair-Erskine and Violet Aline Vyner ====
This report from the ''Fife Free Press'' is missing a big piece of the 2nd paragraph, where the bridesmaids' and bride's dresses are described, because the page was damaged. The digitized copy is also generally poor.&lt;blockquote&gt;On Saturday forenoon, in Michael’s Church, Chester Square, London, was celebrated the marriage of Lord Loughhorough, eldest son of the Earl of Rosslyn with Miss Violet Aline Vyner, younger daughter of Mr R. C. Vyner, of Fairfield, Yorkshire. The chancel was beautifully decorated with palms and a profusion of lilies most artistically arranged. The Prince of Wales, Duke of Cambridge. Princess Mary Adelaide, Duchess and the Duke of Teck, and Princess Victoria, and the Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone were among those present.

The wedding party began to arrive at 11 o’clock, the bridesmaids being early in attendance. They were the Ladies Sybil and Angela St Clair Erskine, sisters of the bridegroom; Lady Anne Lambton, Miss Musgrave, Miss Rachel Gurney, and Miss Fleming. They were charmingly dressed in soft cream crepon, with violet velvet Zoave jackets, forming half sleeves and capes at the back, and pretty turn-down collars and cravats of white mosseline [mousseline?] chiffon, and the skirts were very plainly made. They wore large white hats lined with a band of violet velvet near the face, and trimmed on the crown with white ostrich plumes, a bunch of violets fastening the brim at the back. Each wore a brooch — the St Clair cross in rubies and diamonds set in a circle of the latter, and surmounted by a baron’s cornet of the same precious stones — the gift of the bri[degroom]; and carried a bouquet of Marechal Niel [roses?] ...ging sprays of the same, and tied w... ribbons. The bride entered the ... eleven o’clock, being received at ... father, who led her to the cha... her away. The service be... procession was preceded up ... choir, who sang &quot;The voic...&quot; The bride’s dress was ... with a long court train, ... white velvet being embro... ...und the train, and fasten... ...ver true lover’s knot. The picture... ...gh silver waistband, had full slee... mousseline chiffon; and a small ... blossoms was most becomingly arra... with a long tulle veil. The Earl of Chesterfield discharged the duties of best man.

The Rev. Canon Fleming, Chaplain in Ordinary to the Queen and Vicar of St Michael's, performed the marriage rite, assisted by the Rev. Edgar Sheppard, Sub-Dean of the Chapels Royal, and the Rev. J. Thomson, of Rosslyn, near Edinburgh. The hymn “Thine for ever! For of love,” was sung the end of the service. Canon Fleming afterwards delivered a most impressive address. After the benediction the clergy and bride and bridegroom passed to the vestry, the Prince of Wales following with Mrs Vyner. Pretty wedding favours of orange blossoms, Parma violets, and white heather were then distributed amongst the congregation.

Mr and Mrs Vyner afterwards welcomed the wedding party at Ashburnham House, Dover-street. The ''dejeuner'' was served in three rooms, one being reserved for the bride and bridegroom and the Royal party. The table in the latter room was decorated with several of Mr Vynet's racing trophies. The band of the Grenadier Guards performed in the garden during the reception. The Prince of Wales, Duke of Cambridge, the Duke and Duchess of Teck and Princess Victoria were present at the breakfast, and among the general company were Count Munster and Countess Maria Munster, the Marchese and Marchesa de Montagliari, the Marquis and Marchioness of Ripon, the Marquis and Marchioness of Stafford, the Marquis of Cholmondeley, the Marquis of Northampton, Maria Marchioness of Ailesbury, the Dowager Marchioness of Conyngham and Lady Blanche Conyngham, the Marchioness of Downshire, the Countess of Rosslyn, Earl and Countess Compton, the Earl of Feversham, the Earl of Durham, the Countess of Coventry and the Ladies Coventry, Countess Howe and Ladies Curzon, the Countess of Yarborough, the Earl of Clonmell, the Earl and Countess of Loudoun, the Countess of Kilmorey, Countess de Grey, Viscount Molyneux, the Bishop of Gibraltar and Mrs Sandford, Viscountess de Labrosse and Mdles. de Labrosse, Lord Greenock, Lord and Lady Algernon Lennox, Lady Lilian Wemyss, Lady Julia Wombwell and Miss Wombwell, Hon. Lady Campbell of Blythswood, Lady Constance Harris, Lady Florence Harris, Lord and Lady Burghley, Lady Dorchester, Lord Houghton, Lady Curzon, Lady Brougham and Vaux and Miss Musgrave, Baron de Hirsch, Helen Lady Forbes and the Misses Forbes, Baroness Burdett Coutts and Mr Burdett Coutts, M.P., Lady Astley, Lord and Lady William Nevill, Lord and Lady Brooke and Hon. Leopold and Hon. Marjorie Greville, Lady Dalton Fitzgerald and Miss Payne, Lord Elcho, Lady Willoughby de Eresby and the Misses Willoughby, Lady Ewart, Lady Hindlip, Lady Cecilia Rose, Lord Rowton, Lord Capell, Lady Mabel Compton, Lord and Lady Herries, Lady Sykes, Lord and Lady Alwyne Compton, Lady Ventry and Hon. Miss de Moleyns, Hon. Lady Knollys, Lady Manners, Hon. Lady Drummond and Misses Drummond, Hon. Sydney Greville, Hon. Assheton Harbord, Hon. Derek Keppel, Hon. Captain Bourke, Hon. Mrs Percy Mitford, Hon. Philip Harbord, Hon. and Rev. L. Tyrwhitt, Hon. Coralie Glyn, Hon. M. Lambton, Hon L. Greville, Hon. Alwyn Greville, Hon[.] Eva Greville, Hon. Frances Dawnay, Hon Evelyn Paget, Hon Mrs Algernon Grosvcnor, Hon and Mrs Lambton. Hon. Mrs Evelyn Pelham, Hon. Fitzroy St Clair Erskine, [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Hon. Mrs Algernon Bourke]], Hon. W. Maxwell, Hon. G. and Mrs Dawnay, Hon. Captain Lambton, General Sir Seymour Blane, Sir William Gordon Cumming, Sir Archibald and Miss Edmunstone, Sir Henry and Lady Meysey Thompson, Mrs Gladstone, Mr and Lady Margaret Cameron, Mr and Lady Florence Astley, Mr and Lady Elizabeth Melville Cartwright and Miss Melville Cartwright, General and Mrs Duff and Miss Duff, General Owen Williams, Colonel and Mrs Anstruther Thompson, Colonel Stopford Sackville, Colonel Craig, Colonel Brabazon, Colonel Forester, Colonel Stanley Clarke (in attendance on the Prince of Wales) and Miss Clarke, Major Davidson, Canon and Mrs Fleming, Captain St John Mildmay (in attendance on the Duke of Cambridge), Captain and Mrs FitzGeorge, Mrs William Portal, the Sub Dean of the Chapels Royal, Rev. W. M. and Mrs Wollaston, Rev. R. West, Mr and Miss Chamberlain. Mr and Mrs W. H. Grenfell, Mr Christopher Sykes, M.P., Mr Reuben Sassoon, Mr Arthur Sassoon, Mrs Bischoffsheim, Mr and Mrs Herbert Naylor Leyland, Dr and Mrs Anderson, Mrs Oswald, Mr and Mrs Surtees, Mr Fitzgerald, Mr and Mrs Menzies, Miss Willoughby and Miss Gertrude Willoughby, Mr Arthur Paget, Miss Christie, Mr Dowdall, Mrs Eastwood and the Misses Eastwood, Mr Frederick Warre, Mr William Williamson, Mrs Burton, Mrs Chaine, Captain and Mrs Livesey Wardle, Captain A. R. Hill, Miss Helby, Mrs and Miss Winslow, Mr and Miss Oswald, Mr Willoughby, Mr Quintin Hume, Mr F and Miss Fitzherbert, Mrs and Miss F. Hotham, Mr and Mrs Moreton Frewin, Mrs Charles Otway, Mr Calcraft, Mr Watson, Mr Fennick, Mr Montgomery, Mr Cecil Murray, Mr and Mrs Sneyd, Mr Leslie Stephen, Mr Edgar Sebright, Miss Fleetwood Wilson, Mrs and Miss Farmer of Nonsuch, Mr and Mrs Dennistoun and Miss Dennistoun, Mr and Mrs J. R. Lane Fox and Miss Lane Fox, &amp;c. 

The bride and bridegroom left early in the afternoon for Easton Lodge, Dunmow, the seat of Lord and Lady Brooke, in Essex, where they will spend the honeymoon. The bride travelled in a costume of biscuit coloured armure silk, the top of the bodice and sleeves being of pale pink mousseline de soie, and the lower part of the former inserted with pink velvet ribbons to form a high band, Tuscan straw-hat trimmed with pink crepe de chine, and biscuit feathers. The presents exceeded four hundred in number. The Prince of Wales presented the bride with a trefoil moonstone and diamond brooch and the bridegroom with a sapphire and diamond pin. The Princess of Wales's gift the bridegroom was a silver-necked claret jug. The Duke of Cambridge gave an amethyst and diamond pendant, and the bridegroom a pair of silver gilt candlesticks; and Princess Mary and the Duke of Teck presented the bride with a silver sugar basin. The bridegroom’s gifts to the bride were a diamond and sapphire watch bracelet, a diamond half-hoop ring, diamond brooch with pearl centre, diamond and turquoise brooch, formed of the St Clair badge in rubies and diamonds set in a circle of diamonds, surmounted by a baron’s coronet in the same precious stones, a large salts bottle with two heart-shaped moonstones set with rubies and diamonds and a silver sugar basin. The bride presented Lord Loughborough with a turquoise and diamond stud. The Earl of Rosslyn presented the bride with diamond necklet. The Countess of Rosslyn’s gifts were diamond orchid brooch and a pink feather fan. Mr R. C. Vyner’s gifts to his daughter were a diamond and pearl tiara and gold mounted dressing case, and Mrs Vyner gave her a sapphire and diamond ring. The Marchioness of Stafford gave a ruby and diamond pin; Lady Mary Vyner antique diamond tiara; the Ladies Angela and Sybil Erskine sapphire and diamond bracelet; Hon. Fitzroy St Clair Erskine with &quot;1890&quot; in rubies and diamonds; Lord and Lady A. Compton large diamond star; the Earl of Rosslyn presented his son with a large silver bowl and two silver dishes; the Countess of Rosslyn's present was a travelling bag; Mr Vyner gave him a luncheon basket; Mrs Vyner a silver ''entree'' dish; the Marchioness of Stafford case containing silver coffee and tea pots, urn and stand, sugar basin, and cream jug; Lord and Lady Brooke four antique silver sauce boats; Lord and Lady Algernon Gordon ['''Col. 1c–2a'''] Lennox three antique silver ''entree'' dishes. The Earl of Rosslyn's Fifeshire tenants presented Lord Loughborough with a beautiful antique silver bowl, two antique silver dessert dishes, and two antique sugar castors; and to the bride they gave an antique silver tea service. The congregation of Rosslyn Chapel presented the bridegroom with a complete and elegant writing set, whilst Lord Rosslyn's servants gave him a silver inkstand and pair of silver candlesticks. Mr Vyner's servants presented the bride with a silver salver and six ''liqueur'' cups. The servants of Newby Hall gave a silver coffee pot, and Mr Vyner’s Cheshire tenants presented a case containing silver tea pot, sugar basin, and cream jug. The bride also received from the Duchess of Portland a travelling bag; the Duchess de Luynes, sapphire and diamond ring; the Duke of Westminister, Indian necklace; the Marquis of Northampton, diamond bracelet; the Marquis of Ripon, sapphire and diamond bracelet; the Marchioness of Ripon, turquoise and diamond bangle, the Earl of Durham, a diamond half hoop bracelet; Earl and Countess Cowper, a diamond &quot;V V” brooch; Dowager Viscountess Downe, moonstone and diamond crescent; Lady Skyes [Sykes] ruby and diamond fish brooch; Lady Millbank, sapphire and diamond brooch Lord Douglas Compton, double heart brooch; Lord Herbert Vane Tempest, gold curb chain bracelet set with pearls; Earl and Countess Compton, bangle with “Vi” and “good luck” on it; the Duke and Duchess of St Albans, tea service with table; the Marchioness Conyngham, silver cream jug; the Marchioness of Tavistock, silver vase; the Countess of Rodin, a silver I bowl; the Countess of Yarborough, silver candlesticks; Viscountess Downe, silver tea caddie; Lady de Trafford, gold mounted salts bottle; the Hon. F. Dawnay, large silver candlesticks[;] Hon. F and Lady Lampton, travelling clock; Hon. W. Lambton, silver candlesticks; Sir R. and Lady Graham, silver salver; Sir Roderick and Miss Cameron, two silver dishes; General Williams, diamond bangle; Colonel and Mrs G. FitzGeorge, gold mounted bottle; Major and Mrs Egerton, pair of silver candlesticks; Major Stuart Wortley, diamond Swallow; Major Davidson, heart-shaped brooch in coral and diamonds; Captain and Lady Cecilia Rose, a brougham; Mr Beaumont, silver bowl; Miss Edmonstone, moonstone and diamond hat pins; Mrs Harris, sapphire and diamond bracelet; Mr Egerton, turquoise and diamond brooch; Sir Cecil Murray, sapphire and diamond pin; Mr A. Farquharson, diamond swallow brooch; Mr and Mrs Hulse, two small silver vases; Miss Fleetwood Wilson, diamond bangle; Mrs A. Wilson, tortoiseshell candlestick; Mr Quintin Hume, salts bottle mounted with diamonds and rubies; Miss Helbert, gold violet pin; Mr Chamberlain, pair of silver candlesticks; Hon. Arthur Coventry, gold mounted bottle with &quot;Vi&quot; in diamonds; Mrs Leopold de Rothschild, diamond hand brooch, together with a number of other gifts. Among the presents to the bridegroom were — from the Marchioness of Downshire, antique silver sugar sifter; the Marquis of Exeter, silver sandwich case; the Marchioness of Bath, antique Dutch silver box; the Marquis of Downshire, a gold pencil; Count Munster, cigarette case and match box; Count Alexander Munster, a hunting flask; the Countess of Lindsay, antique silver pen-tray; the Earl of Mar and Kellie, silver matchbox; the Earl and Countess of Loudoun, silver cigarette box; the Earl of Chesterfield, antique silver gilt inkstand; the Countess of Bradford, gold seal with agate; the Countess of Warwick, antique silver bowl; the Earl of Coventry, silver pen-tray; the Countess of Wharncliffe, two silver candlesticks; the Earl and Countess of Cromartie, two antique silver cups; Viscountess of Newport, silver paper knife; Mr and Mrs A. Sassoon, ruby and diamond pin; Lord John Cecil, silver salver; Lord and Lady Willoughby de Eresby, antique silver-mounted cruet stand; Lord William Nevtll, antique brandy carrier; Lady Margaret Spicer, silver match box; Lord Burghley, four silver salt cellars and spoons; Baron de Hirch [Hirsch?], silver inkstand; Lady W. E. Osborne Elphinstone, silver inkstand; Lord Kesteven, silver cream jug; Lord Capell, silver cigarette case; Lord and Lady Gerard, tortoiseshell and silver travelling clock; Lady Lilian Wemyss, silver cigarette case; Dad Alwyne Compton, umbrella containing matchbox and whistle; Lord and Lady Lennox, two antique silver ''entree'' dishes and bacon dish; Lord Burghersh, silver cigarette lighter; Lady Angela 8t Clair Erskine, four silver salt cellars; Lady Randolph Churchill, gold pencil case, with two sapphires; Lord Houghton, antique gold basket; Lady Sybil St Clair Erskine, umbrella; Lord and Lady Dorchester, large crystal seal; Hon. Derek P. Keppel, pair of silver candlesticks; Hon. E. and Mrs Pelham, silver inkstand; Hon. G. N. Curzon, silver gilt bowl; Hon. F. St Clair Erskine, four silver candle-sticks; [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Hon. A. and Mrs Bourke]], four small silver dessert dishes; Hon. Mrs Elliot Yorke, pair of silver candlesticks; Hon. Mr and Mrs L. Greville, tortoise-shell and silver box; Hon. R Somerset, diamond and pearl pin; Hon. G. H. Willoughby, silver ink-stand; Hon. H. and Mrs Grosvenor, umbrella; [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Hon. Mrs Algernon Bourke]], enamel and diamond pin; Captain Hon. Maurice Bourke, cigarette case and lighter; Hon. W. Maxwell, silver-backed clothes and hat brushes; Hon. Sidney Greville, saltspoons; Hon. M. C. Maxwell Scott, two silver ''menu'' plates; Hon. W. Edwardes, pin; [[Social Victorians/People/Greville|Captain Hon. A.]] and [[Social Victorians/People/Lady Violet Greville|Mrs Greville]], silver gilt bowl, fork, spoon, and ladle; Sir Frederick Milner, diamond and moonstone pin; Sir George Chetwynd, two long silver flagons; Sir M. and Lady Fitzgerald, two silver saltspoons; Sir N. Gordon Gumming, silver-handled paper knife, &amp;c.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Marriage of Lord Loughborough with Miss Vyner.&quot; ''Fife Free Press'' 26 July 1890, Saturday: 2 [of 8], Col. 1a–2b [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001110/18900726/015/0002. Same print title and p.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;/blockquote&gt;

=== 24 July 1890, Thursday ===

==== Dinner and Dance Hosted by Lord Alington ====
Perhaps the date on this is uncertain, since the article in ''Truth'' would suggest it was held in late May or early June. The newspaper story in the ''Queen'' mentions another occasion in which the flowers were notable as well.

From ''Truth'':&lt;blockquote&gt;
But not a quarter of a mile distant [from a dinner and dance hosted by Lord Rothschild featuring Princess Louise and the Marquis of Lorne] a more important event was proceeding, for Lord Alington, having previously walked down the Row and invited his friends right and left to Alington House, South Audley-street, proceeded to give a dance which was honoured by the presence of the Prince and Princess of Wales, the Princesses Victoria and Maud, the Duke of Clarence, Princess Mary Adelaide, and Princess &quot;May&quot; and Prince and Princess Christian. This without exaggeration, with the exception of Lady Leconfield's, Lady Willoughby de Eresby's, and Lady Cadogan's, was the best ball hitherto given this season, and the prolific way ortolans [small songbirds regarded as a delicacy] were distributed at supper will long linger in the memories of those by whom these delicacies are cherished. One lady displayed her enthusiastic appreciation by devouring five of these, and it is to be hoped her devotion did not endanger her life. As for beauty, seldom before have so many pre-eminent for good looks been present at one gathering, as a mere enumeration of a few of these will prove. Of course the Duchess of Leinster heads the list, followed in quick succession by the Duchess of Portland, Lady de Grey, Lady Randolph Churchill, Lady Dudley, Lady Kilmorey, Lady Brooke, Lady de Trafford, Lady Helen Duncombe, Lady Hilda Dundas, Lady Sybil St. Clair Erskine, Lady Olivia Taylour, Miss Rachael Gurney, Lady Cardross, Miss Bourke, Lady Rose Leigh and her sister-in-law, Miss Leigh, Miss Berens (sister to Lady Cairns), Mrs. Ralph Sneyd, Lady Gerard, and a host of others far too numerous to mention. I often wonder that no painter has yet attempted to give us in one picture a permanent record of the chief beauties of our day. It would make a most interesting and exquisite group of lovely women, such as could not be found probably in any other country than this.&lt;ref&gt;Marmaduke, pseud. &quot;Letters from the Linkman.&quot; ''Truth'' 12 June 1890, Thursday: 26 [of 56], Col. 1a–b [of 2]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002961/18900612/064/0026. Same print title, p. 1212.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
From the ''Queen'':&lt;blockquote&gt;The P&lt;small&gt;RINCE AND&lt;/small&gt; P&lt;small&gt;RINCESS OF&lt;/small&gt; W&lt;small&gt;ALES&lt;/small&gt; and the Princesses Victoria and Maud honoured L&lt;small&gt;ORD&lt;/small&gt; A&lt;small&gt;LINGTON&lt;/small&gt; by their presence at D&lt;small&gt;INNER&lt;/small&gt;, at A&lt;small&gt;LINGTON&lt;/small&gt; H&lt;small&gt;OUSE&lt;/small&gt;, South Audley-street, on the 24th ult., when a distinguished party was present to meet them, including, among others, the Duke and Duchess of Leinster, the Marquis of Hartington, the Marquis and Marchioness of Ormonde, Maria Marchioness of Ailesbury, Earl and Countess Cadogan and Lady Emily Cadogan, the Earl Countess of Lucan and Lady Rosaline Bingham, the Earl  of Hardwicke, the Countess of Dudley and Lady Edith Ward, the EarI of Chesterfield, the Earl of Stradbroke and Lady Hilda Rous, and Earl Annesley. Covers were laid for sixty. Lord Alington afterwards gave a dance to meet the Prince and Princess of Wales and their daughters. As on the previous occasion, the floral decorations were exquisite. The entrance hall and the approaches to the reception rooms were decorated with tall palms and a profusion of lilies, pelargoniums, ferns in every variety, and roses in every imaginable shade. The conservatories at the back were carpeted and furnished luxuriously, and blocks of ice, lighted by fairy lamps, were placed about with artistic effect, serving to keep the atmosphere cool and fresh. Feathery palms, hydrangeos [hydrangeas] and arums were here used freely, and a particularly pretty result was obtained by the windows being framed, one in a fringe of ferns and red pelargoniums, and the other in ferns and fuschias. The ballroom fireplaces were adorned on each side with palms reaching to the ceiling, the mantelpieces being hidden by a delicate arrangement of roses in various shades springing from banks of hydrangeas, calceolarias, pelargoniums, and marguerites, and the walls of the staircase leading from the conservatory to the ball-room were hung with half-balls of floral roses. The supper was served in the dining-room, the tables being embellished with the loveliest orchids and roses of the most delicate tints, intermixed with pancretia; the arrangement was so light and elegant that it was difficult to believe that hands had ever touched the flowers. On those tables with silver candelabra in the centre, the flowers were all pure white, and those having gold candelabra were treated with mauve orchids and the palest pink and yellow roses. A tent, arranged near the conservatory for the Prince of Wales, was draped with Oriental hangings, and outside were groups of flowers and myriads of fairy lamps. The company began to arrive at eleven o'clock, when dancing commenced to the strains of the Blue Hungarian Band. The Princess of Wales was dressed in white striped satin and silk, the front being embroidered in pale shades, and wore handsome diamond ornaments. The Princesses Victoria and Maud wore white tulle over satin, the front being sprinkled all over with tiny sprays of lilies of the valley, each laid on a single leaf. The Duchess of Wellington was in black satin, with a pink sash arranged very prettily across the back of the bodice, and falling to the feet; a cluster of pink flowers and a beautiful diamond spray were fastened in the front of the bodicea and a diamond rivière was arranged in the hair, a diamond necklace being also worn. The Duchess of Westminster was in white satin trimmed with gold embroidery, and veiled in white chiffon. The Marchioness of Ormonde wore white striped brocade and satin trimmed with white lace, and a splendid diamond tiara and other ornaments. Countess de Grey, palest blue satin, with front beautifully embroidered in beads, and a diamond and pearl coronet. Maria, Marchioness of Ailesbury, white brocade and lace, with splendid diamond and emerald ornaments. The Marchioness of Bath, cream an violet brocaded velvet, the front being covered with mauve [38, Col. 3c – 39, Col. 1a] violets. Lady Mary Mills, rose-pink satin, with front richly embroidered; Lady Cardross, white satin, trimmed round the bodice and train with silver embroidery; Lady William Nevill, pale yellow brocade, the front veiled with black net, trimmed up the side with jet leaves, and all round the skirt was a bordering of Maréchal Niel roses, over a flounce of black net; Countess Granville wore rich white brocade and beautiful jewels; the Countess of Sefton, black satin and diamonds; Viscountess Dungan, white mousseline de soie, the skirt edged with a deep flounce; Lady Brooke, pale blue satin, trimmed with silver; Lady Emma Crichton, white satin train, with front of white lisse, prettily embroidered in red; Lady Idina Brassey, pale mauve bengaline, with front of chiffon and a handsome diamon coronet; Lady Rose Molyneux, white cross crêpe de Chine, with a pale green sash, and prettily trimmed with pink roses; Lady Wimborne, pale grey satin; the Hon. Miss Guest, pink satin, veiled with white net, sparkling with silver; Lady Sarah Spencer Churchill, white satin, with a chiffon frill; Lady Chesham, white silk, with pink roses; the Countess of Normanton, pale grey satin, with front of fine old lace; Mrs Hulse, handsome white brocade, diamond tiara, &amp;c.; Mrs Bischoffsheim, white silk, embroidered with silver, and trimmed round the bottom of the skirt and train with a ruche of pale yellow crèpe; the Hon. Muriel Brassey, white chiffon, over satin, slightly trimmed with pink; and the [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Hon. Mrs Algernon Bourke]] was in pink, with magnificent diamonds.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Entertainments, Balls, &amp;c.&quot; ''The Queen'' 2 August 1890, Saturday: 38, Col. 3c – 39 [of 82], Col. 1a–1c [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/BL/0002627/18900802/237/0038 and https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002627/18900802/237/0039. Print: ''The Queen, The Lady's Newspaper'', pp. 170–171.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;This is the story from the ''Morning Post'':&lt;blockquote&gt;The Prince and Princess of Wales and the Princesses Victoria and Maud honoured Lord Alington by their company at dinner last evening at Alington House, South Audley-street. The guests present to meet their Royal Highnesses comprised the Duke and Duchess of Leinster, the Marquis of Hartington, the Marquis and Marchioness of Ormonde, Maria Marchioness of Ailesbury, Earl and Countess Cadogan and Lady Emily Cadogan, the Earl and Countess of Lucan and Lady Rosaline Bingham, the Earl of Hardwicke, the Countess of Dudley and Lady Edith Ward, the Earl of Chesterfield, Earl Annesley, the Earl of Stradbroke and Lady Hilda Rous, Lord and Lady Gerard, Lady Norreys, Lord Rowton, Lord Calthorpe, Lord Frederick Hamilton, Lord Charles Montagu, Lord Herbert Vane Tempest, Lord Arthur Grosvenor, Lady Lilian Wemyss, Colonel the Hon. Oliver Montagu, Sir John and Lady Lister Kaye, the Hon. Humphrey and Lady Feodore Sturt, the Hon. John Baring, the Hon. Henry and the Hon. Julia Stonor, the Hon. Gilbert Willoughby, Lady Suffield and Major-General Ellis, in waiting on the Prince and Princess of Wales; Sir Henry Calcraft, Mr. and Lady Rose Leigh, General and Mrs. Owen Williams, Mr. Mildmay, M.P., Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Sassoon, Mr. Montague Guest, Captain Orr-Ewing, Mrs. Bulkeley, Mr. Ricardo, and Mr. Caryl Craven.

Lord Alington afterwards gave a dance expressly to meet the Prince and Princess of Wales.

Among the company were— The Russian Ambassador, the Danish Minister, Prince Louis Esterhazy, Comte Costa de Beaunyardt, the Duchess of Buccleuch and Lady Evelyn Fitzmaurice, the Duchess of Westminster, the Dowager Duchess of Marlborough and Lady Sarah Spencer Churchill, the Duchess of Wellington and Lady Cardross, the Marquis and Marchioness of Granby and Miss Bourke, the Marchioness of Stafford and Lady Sybil St. Clair Erskine, the Marchioness of Bath and Lady Beatrice Thynne, the Marquis of Cholmondeley, the Marquese and Marquesa de Santurce and Lady Wilham Nevill, Countess Spencer, Countess Granville and Lady Victoria Leveson-Gower, Countess de Grey, the Earl of Dunraven, the Countess of Lathom and Lady Edith Wilbraham, the Countess of Enniskillen and Lady Christian Cole, the Earl of Ilchester, the Earl of Durham and Lady Anne Lambton, the Earl of Dalkeith and Lord Ernest Scott, the Countess of Sefton and Lady Rose Molyneux, Countess Howe and the Ladies Curzon, the Countess of Normanton and Lady Mary Agar and Miss Mary Liddell, Earl Craven, Viscount Clifden, Viscount Ennismore and Lady Beatrice Hare, Viscount Coke and the Hon. Violet White, Viscount and Viscountess Castlerosse and the Hon. Susan Baring, Viscountess Newport and the Hon. Miss Bruce, Viscount and Viscountess Melgund, Viscount and Viscountess Curzon, Viscount and Lady Violet Dangan and Lady Eva Wellesley, Viscount Dungarvan, Viscount Chelsea, Viscount Royston, Lady Hastings, Lord Capell, Lord and Lady Willoughby de Eresby and Hon. Margaret Willoughby, Lady Cloncurry and Hon. Miss Winn, Lord and Lady Brooke, Lady Wimborne and Hon. Miss Guest, Lord Sandhurst, Lord and Lady Edmund Talbot, Lord and Lady Alwyne Compton and Miss Gurney, Lord and Lady Chesham, Lady Rossmore and Miss Naylor, Lord Kenyon, Lord Garioch, Lady Alice Portal, Lady Margaret Levett and the Ladies Ashley, Lady W. Nevill, Lord Paulet, Lady Charles Beresford, Lady Forbes and Misses Forbes, Lady Claud Hamilton, Lord Carlow, Lady Mary Mills, Lord Lurgan, Lord Henry Vane Tempest, Lord and Lady Algernon Gordon Lennox, Lord Richard Nevill, the Hon. W. Coventry, the Hon. G. Joliffe, the Hon. Schomberg M'Donnell, the Hon. H. Coventry, Captain the Hon. E. Dawson, the Hon. Alistair and Mrs. Hay, the Hon. Mrs. Grosvenor, [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|the Hon. Algernon and Mrs. Bourke]], the Hon. F. Dawnay, the Hon. E. J. Mills, the Hon. A. Johnstone, the Hon. Claude Hay, the Hon. Sidney Greville, the Hon. Mr. Dundas and Lady Hilda Dundas, the Hon. Thomas and Lady Idina Brassey and the Hon. Muriel Brassey, the Hon. Mr. Mansfield, Colonel the Hon. Henry Byng and Miss Byng, the Hon. Mrs. Oliphant, the Hon. Mr. Harbord, the Right Hon. Henry Chaplin, M.P., the Hon. G. Somerset, Sir William Gordon Cumming, Sir George Arthur, Sir Hubert Miller, Sir Charles Forbes, Sir William and Lady Eden, Sir George Chetwynd, Sir Frederick Johnstone, Sir John D. Poynder, Colonel and Lady Emma Crichton, the Hon. Miss Harbord, Captain and Lady Jane Combe, Colonel Paget, Captain Williams, Captain Ford, Captain Doyle, Captain Hanbury, Captain Campbell, Captain Constable, Captain Kinloch, Captain Longfield, M. Gutmansthal, Mrs. Bingham, Mr. Guthrie, Mrs. Arthur Paget, Mrs. Charles Wilson and Miss Wilson, Mr. Hulse, M.P., and Mrs. Hulse, Mr. de Murrieta, Mrs. Bischoffsheim, Mr. Spencer Portal, Mr. and Mrs. Gerald Paget, Mr. Leigh and Miss Leigh, Mr. Percy Daniell, Mr. Lister, Mr. Frederick Vincent, Mr. Cazalet, Mr. Alfred de Rothschild, Mr. John Savile Lumley, Mr. and Mrs Leopold de Rothschild, Mr. and Mrs. Skeffington Smith and Miss Taylor, Mrs. George Cavendish Bentinck, Mr. Alfred Farquhar, [[Social Victorians/People/Fanny Ronalds|Mr. Reginald Ronalds]], Miss Alice Ellice, Mr. George Marjoribanks, Mr. Wyndham, Mr. Dugdale, Mr. Montagu, Mrs. Sneyd, Mr. Wynn, Mr. Edward Hamilton, Mr. Murray Guthrie, Mr. George Lambert, Mrs. Sanford, Miss Mabel Forbes. Mr. Herbert Magniac, Mr. Bailey, Mr. Milner, Mr. Charles Kindersley, Mr. Beaumont, Mr. Walter Hervey, Mr. H. Hoare, Mr. Foley, Mr. Scott Murray, Mr. Coventry, Mr. Bertie, Mr. Jarvis, Mr. Guthrie, Mr. George Cavendish Bentinck, Mr. E. Charteris, Mr. Cholmondeley, Mr. Oswald Magniac, Mr. Cecil Campbell, Mr. and Mrs. Henry Oppenheim, Mr. Peploe, Mr. A. Charteris, Mr. Seymour Gore, Mr. Robert Antrobus, Mr. Elliot, M. de Champs, Mr. Wombwell, Mr. Charles Hoare, M.P., and many others.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Lord Alington's Ball.&quot; ''Morning Post'' 25 July 1890, Friday: 3 [of 8], Col. 5 b–c [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000174/18900725/014/0003. Same print title and p.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

==August 1890==
===6 August 1890, Friday===

==== Beautiful Women ====
The ''Lancaster Observer and Morecambe Chronicle'' reprinted a story from ''Vanity Fair'' about &quot;Beautiful Women&quot;:&lt;blockquote&gt;Beautiful Women. — ''Vanity Fair'' asks what country in the world can show a more beautiful bevy of women than England? When Lady Helen Vincent, with her sister, Lady Cynthia Graham; when Lady Warwick with her sisters, the Duchess of Sutherland and Lady Westmorland; and when Lady Mar and Kellie, Lady de Trafford, Princess Pless, Lady de Gray[,] Lady Naylor-Leyland, the Duchess of Portland, Lady Alington, Lady Sophie Scott, Lady Chelsea, [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Lady Algernon Bourke]], Lady Henry Bentinck, Mrs. Willie Grenfell, Mrs. Rupert Beckett, Mrs. Arthur Paget, and Countess Clary are gathered together it is a sight to make an old man young; while Mrs. Gerard Leigh and her sister, Lady Yarborough, and Lady Powis, Lady Norreys, Mrs Farquharson, Mrs. Willie James, Lady Dalkeith, Mrs. Pretyman, Mrs. Gervase Beckett, Lady Rossmore, Lady Sarah Wilson, Lady Colebrook, Lady Hartopp, Mrs. Willie Walker, and Lady Milton are almost equally admired. The many pretty girls include Miss Enid and Miss Muriel Wilson, who still head the list of the unmarried beauties, Lady Beatrice Butler, Lady Alexandra Hamilton, Miss Kennard, Miss Madeline Bourke, and Miss Leila Crichton; while among the debutantes Lady Evelyn Crichton and Lady Vivian's daughters have had a great success, and Lady Alice Montagu, petite and charmingly pretty, has been so much admired. The daughters of Lady Gosford, Lady Verulam, Lady Leitrim, Lady Inchiquin, and Lady Grey have also been admired, as well as Lady Helen Stewart, Lady Katherine Scott, and Miss Chaplin.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Beautiful Women.&quot; ''Lancaster Observer and Morecambe Chronicle'' 6 August 1897, Friday: 2 [of 8], Col. 5b [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001804/18970806/023/0002. Same print title and p.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

===25 August 1890, Monday===
Summer Bank Holiday

==September 1890==
==October 1890==
===22 October 1890, Wednesday===
Arnold Dolmetsch went to the Reading Room (Campbell 22).

===25 October 1890, Saturday===
[[Social Victorians/Loder De Vere Beauclerk Wedding|Loder—De Vere Beauclerk Wedding]]

===31 October 1890, Friday===
Halloween.

==November 1890==
===5 November 1890, Wednesday===
Guy Fawkes Day
===19 November 1890, Wednesday===
Arnold Dolmetsch, with some of his students and his daughter Helene, provided musical illustrations for a lecture given by Dr. Frederick Bridge on &quot;Mozart as Teacher,&quot; probably at Gresham College, where Bridges was professor (Campbell 34).

===21 November 1890, Friday===
Dr. Frederick Bridge's last fall 1890 lecture at Gresham College, for which Dolmetsch provided illustration. Campbell says, &quot;it is, in fact, the first record in modern times of music by Byrd, Dr. Bull, Jenkins, Simpson, Lawes, Locke and Purcell being played 'on the instruments for which it was written'&quot; (Campbell 34).

===25 November 1890, Tuesday===
Arnold Dolmetsch got a three-month pass to the Reading Room and &quot;thereafter held yearly tickets until 1916&quot; (Campbell 22).

==== 1890 November 29, Saturday ====

===== [[Social Victorians/Dudley-Beckwith Wedding 1890-11-29|Wedding of Francis Dudley, Lord Leigh and Héléne Forbes Beckwith]] =====

==December 1890==
Sometimes in December 1890, [[Social Victorians/People/William Robert Woodman|William Woodman]], one of the founding members of the [[Social Victorians/Golden Dawn|Golden Dawn]], died (Gilbert 86 12).

=== 4 December 1890, Thursday ===

==== [[Mure-Portal Wedding 1890-12-04|Wedding of Miss Mure and Mr. S. J. Portal]] ====

===19 December 1890, Friday===
&quot;The eleventh annual ''Truth'' Toy Exhibition for the children in London hospitals, workhouses, and infirmaries was held at the Grosvenor Gallery, Bond-street, on Dec. 19 and 20. There are over 22,000 children in these institutions, and each of them has a separate toy, besides the large and more expensive toys which are presented for the general use of the inmates. A special feature of the show was the dolls dressed by lady readers of ''Truth''. Several special donations in connection with the fund have been made, the principal of which is that of 10,200 new sixpences sent for distribution by the same liberal donor who has given a similar present on former occasions; while Mr. Tom Smith has had specially made, and has forwarded for distribution, over 22,000 crackers; and Mr. Horniman (as stated in our last issue) has given to the adults in hospitals and workhouses 1200 packets of tea, to be given to them as Christmas boxes.&quot; (Illustrated London News (London, England), Saturday, December 27, 1890; pg. 806; Issue 2697, Col. B)

===20 December 1890, Saturday===
&quot;In order that the adults connected with the hospitals and workhouses may participate in the good things given to the children in the ''Truth'' toy distribution, Mr. F. J. Horniman, of Wormwood-street, City, has sent Mr. Labouchere 1200 packets of tea to be given to them as a Christmas box.&quot; (Illustrated London News (London, England), Saturday, December 20, 1890; pg. 774; Issue 2696, Col. B) 

From the ''Times'', 22 December 1890, &quot;The Late Sir Edgar Boehm&quot;: &lt;blockquote&gt;On Saturday, in accordance with the special request of the Queen, the late Sir Edgar Boehm, R.A., was buried in St. Paul’s Cathedral, in the south aisle of the crypt, the spot being known as “The Painters Corner.” [new paragraph] The funeral cortége left the residence of the deceased at about 11 o’clock, there being five mourning and several private carriages. In the first carriage were the chief mourners, Sir Edgar Collins Boehm, the only son of the late baronet, and Mr. Conrad Herapath. The second and third carriages were occupied by Sir Frederic Leighton, P.R.A., Sir Nigel Kingscote, Mr. Richard Mills, Colonel Francis Baring, Mr. Alma-Tadema, R.A., Sir R. H. Collins, Mr. Edward J. Poynter, R.A., and Mr. Duncan MacGregor, all of whom subsequently, at the cathedral, acted as pall bearers. The fourth carriage contained representatives of the Council of the Royal Academy – Mr. Edwin Long, R.A., Mr. J. B. Burgess, R.A., Mr. F. Goodall, R.A., and Mr. Beavis. In the fifth carriage were the following members of the professional staff of the deceased – Mr. R. Glassby, Mr. E. Lantéri, Signor Finili, and Herr Gross. The cortége stopped for a few moments at the Royal Academy, in order that it might be joined by two carriages containing other representatives of the institution. Leaving Piccadilly, the route taken was Waterloo-place, Pall-mall, Cockspur-street, the Strand, Fleet-street, and Ludgate-hill, the cathedral being reached about noon.

The procession was met at the great west door by Canon Gregory, the Archdeacon of London, the Rev. Dr. Baker, Minor Canons Milman, Russell, and Kelly, and the choir, who had a few minutes previously left the vestry; by Major Bigge, Equerry to the Queen, representing her Majesty; Colonel Stanley Clarke, who attended on behalf of the Prince and Princess of Wales; and Colonel W. J. Colville, representing the Duke of Edinburgh. The [[Social Victorians/People/Princess Louise|Princess Louise]] (Marchioness of Lorne) attired in deep mourning, and accompanied by [[Social Victorians/People/Arthur Collins|Lieut.-Col. Arthur Collins]] and Lady Sophia Macnamara, arrived at the cathedral a few minutes before 12 o’clock, and was conducted to a seat in the south side of the nave, close to the late Sir Edgar Boehm’s two daughters, upon whom her Royal Highness had called earlier in the morning. As the procession came slowly up the nave towards the chancel, “I am the resurrection of life” and other sentences of the burial service were chanted to music by Dr. Croft. The coffin, which was completely hidden by splendid wreaths, was preceded by the choristers and the clergy. Then followed Sir E. C. Boehm, with Mr. Conrad Herapath and Mr. Alfred Gilbert, A.R.A., the officers and council of the Royal Academy, and members of the deceased’s studio. The coffin was deposited upon a bier, which had been placed under the dome in front of the opening into the crypt, through which the body was subsequently lowered. The mourners having been conducted to the seats which had been reserved for them, and the clergy and choir having proceeded to their places in the chancel, Psalms xxxix. and xc. Were sung to music by Purcell and Felton, followed by Spohr’s anthem, “Blest are the departed,” and the lesson 1 Cor. Xv. 20, which was read by Canon Gregory. Whilst the hymn “Days and moments quickly flying” was being sung the Archdeacon of London and Minor Canon Milman proceeded from the chancel and took up positions by the side of the coffin. The remainder of the service preceding and following the lowering of the body into the crypt was read by Minor Canon Milman, and the collect was impressively recited by Archdeacon Sinclair. The late Dr. Newman’s beautiful hymn, “Lead kindly light,” was afterwards sung by the choir, and the service was brought to a close by Beethoven’s Funeral March, which was played in compliance with the special request of her Majesty, at whose desire also Chopin’s Funeral March had preceded the service. Dr. Martin was the organist.

While Beethoven’s march was being played the son and daughters of the late “Sculptor in ordinary to her Majesty,” together with other mourners, descended the crypt by the door near Howard’s monument, and saw the coffin for the last time. It bore the following inscription:- “Joseph Edgar Boehm. Born July 6, 1834; died at his work December 12, 1890. Thy will be done.” The coffin had already been deposited in the brick grave prepared for it, which is next to that of Sir Edwin Landseer. Immediately around it lie the remains of painters and sculptors of bygone days – Sir Joshua Reynolds, James Barry, Benjamin West, Henry Fuseli, Sir Thomas Lawrence, J. M. W. Turner, and John Henry Foley, while within half-a-dozen yards is the tomb of the great architect of the cathedral, Sir Christopher Wren. The coffin as last seen was covered by the floral tributes of loving friends, the symbolic laurel wreath forwarded by her Majesty surmounting them. This bore the inscription, “A tribute of gratitude for many beautiful memorial works executed for her. From Victoria, R. I.” Attached to the beautiful wreath sent by the Prince and Princess of Wales were the words, “A token of sincere regard and friendship.” Wreaths were forwarded by other members of the Royal Family, by Sir John and Lady Millais, Lord and Lady Reay, the Countess Sydney, Lord and Lady de Vesci, Mr. Henry Irving, Mr. and Mrs. Bancroft, by members of the council, students and officers of the Royal Academy, the Society of Artistic Sculptors (Vienna), and by the London Hungarian Association.&quot; (http://glassby.com/Chapter1.htm) &lt;/blockquote&gt;

===24 December 1890, Wednesday===
&quot;The people of South London and adjacent suburbs have to be grateful to Mr. Frederick Horniman, a well-known City merchant residing at Dulwich, for a munificent and beneficial Christmas gift. This gentleman has, during thirty years, formed a collection, worth above £100,000, of specimens of art, European, Indian, Chinese, and Japanese, also of decorative manufactures, and of ethnology and natural history, and rare books and manuscripts, at Surrey House, Forest Hill, which he intends to present to the public. The museum was opened by Sir Morell Mackenzie on Wednesday afternoon, Dec. 24. It already comprises twenty-four rooms, containing many beautiful specimens of horse and chain armour, Elizabethan bed-room furniture, an old English parlour and pantry, an Oriental armoury, a bible and manuscript room, an Egyptian gallery, and ethnographical saloon, a book and embroidery saloon, a porcelain and glass room, and a zoological saloon, with two live Russian bears and a monkey. We may describe the museum further, after another visit. Our Artist has sketched, in the ethnograhical saloon, an idol's shrine, made of cocoanut-fibre, from Fiji. Mr. Horniman, in acknowledging a vote of thanks, said that in an adjoining house he had accumulated a vast library of bibles and entomological works and specimens. It was his intention to build a hall at the back of the present building to contain a thousand persons, while the galleries would contain a library, and a stage would be provided, so that both eye and ear could be amused. He also contemplated buying sufficient land to enable a public body to erect class-rooms and gymnasia. Three cheers were given for Mr. Horniman, and the company proceeded to inspect the museum.&quot; &quot;(Mr. F. Horniman's Museum, Forest Hill.&quot; Illustrated London News (London, England), Saturday, January 03, 1891; pg. 7; Issue 2698, Col. C)

===25 December 1890, Thursday===
Christmas Day
===26 December 1890, Friday===
Boxing Day
==Works Cited==
*&quot;Besant Chronology.pdf.&quot; From Anderson, Nancy Fix, Walter L Arnstein, Deborah Logan, and Susie L Steinbach, Volume Editors. Lives of Victorian Political Figures, Part III: Queen Victoria, Florence Nightingale, Annie Besant and Millicent Garrett Fawcett by their Contemporaries. Volume 3 of Lives of Victorian Political Figures. Series Editors, Nancy LoPatin-Lummis and Michael Partridge. London: Pickering and Chatto, 2008.
*Crawford, Elizabeth. The Women’s Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide, 1866–1928. Google Books. Accessed 14 October 2010.</text>
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      <text bytes="82409" sha1="cqqhcnnj5dwwdiqj8p6pccwfxzyo4n4" xml:space="preserve">[[Social Victorians/Timeline/1840s|1840s]]  [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1850s |1850s]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1860s | 1860s]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1870s | 1870s]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1880s | 1880s Headlines]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1890s | 1890s Headlines]] 1890 [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1891 | 1891]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1892 | 1892]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1893 | 1893]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1894 | 1894]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1895 | 1895]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1896 | 1896]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1897 | 1897]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1898 | 1898]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1899 | 1899]]  [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s|1900s]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1910s|1910s]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1920s-30s|1920s-30s]]

==January 1890==
Sometime in January 1890, [[Social Victorians/People/Horniman|Annie Horniman]] was initiated into the Golden Dawn (Gilbert 86 144).

Sometime in 1890 Annie Besant and [[Social Victorians/People/Helena Blavatsky|Helena Blavatsky]] founded the Working Women's Club in the East End (Besant Chronology.pdf). Maye Dilke was a member (Crawford 170).

[[Social Victorians/People/Frank Harris|Frank Harris]] says,&lt;blockquote&gt;One day in 1890 I had George Meredith, Walter Pater and [[Social Victorians/People/Oscar Wilde|Oscar Wilde]] dining with me in Park Lane and the time of sex-awakening was discussed. Both Pater and Wilde spoke of it as a sign of puberty. Pater thought it began about thirteen or fourteen and Wilde to my amazement set it as late as sixteen. Meredith alone was inclined to put it earlier.&lt;ref&gt;Harris, Frank. ''My Life and Loves''.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

===1 January 1890, Wednesday, New Year's Day===
&lt;blockquote&gt;Sharp frost was experienced over the East of England yesterday morning, and in South London the thermometer had been as low as 27deg., and 28deg. in Hyde-park. It rose during the day to 41deg., but in the evening frost again set in. Later the thermometer rose again to 32deg., and there was an appearance as of coming rain.&lt;ref&gt;&lt;cite&gt;The Morning Post. 1 January 1890 (No. 36,675): P. 4, Col. F.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;Influenza is spreading all over Europe.

According to the &quot;Court Circular: Orders for Court Mourning&quot; in the Morning Post,&lt;blockquote&gt;A second supplement to the Gazette, issued last night, contains the following: —

&quot;Lord Chamberlain's Office, January 1.

&quot;Orders for the Court's going into mourning on Thursday next, the 2d instant, for her late Majesty the Empress of Brazil, viz.&quot; —

&quot;The ladies to wear black dresses, white gloves, black or white shoes, feathers, and fans, pearls, diamonds, or plain gold or silver ornaments. The gentlemen to wear black Court dress, with black swords and buckles.

&quot;The Court to change the mourning on Thursday, the 16th instant, viz.: — [new paragraph] The ladies to wear black dresses, with coloured ribbons, flowers, feathers, and ornaments, or grey or white dresses, with black ribbons, flowers, feathers, and ornaments. The gentlemen to continue the same mourning.

&quot;And on Thursday, the 23d instant, the Court to go out of mourning.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;&lt;cite&gt;&quot;Court Circular: Orders for Court Mourning.&quot; The Morning Post, 2 January 1890 (No. 36,676): page 5 Col. G.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

===9 January 1890, Thursday===

==== The York Hunt Ball ====
This account is from the ''Irish Society'', which explains which women's costumes are the focus:&lt;blockquote&gt;The fashionable world and his wife are out of town just now, having good times at country houses. They shed the light of their brilliant presence on those annual functions known as county balls, and enjoy themselves also at those popular and picturesque entertainments to which they are bidden by the masters and members of the various hunts.

One of the smartest dances of last week took place at York on Thursday evening. It was in fancy costume, and was in aid of funds for the York County Hospital. Once upon a time the journey from London to the Minster City of the North was a far cry, and one not lightly undertaken. Now it is luxurious and short. In consequence this hall presented the appearance of one in town in mid-season.

There was conspicuous for height and handsomeness the familiar figure and face of Countess de Grey. Lady Helen Duncombe, too, who shares with her Grace of Leinster, and Lady Cynthia Graham, the family beauty of the House of Feversham, was seen in the marvellously becoming (to her) costume of the Empire period. Lady Lilian Wemyss, a lady &quot;divinely tall,” and appropriately fair, was garbed in pink and white of a fashion hailing from the Empire. A &quot;square;” in which the lady dancers were all gowned empirically, was the event of the evening. An event worth remembering it was. The costumes were superb, but their attractions were nowhere in comparison with the charms the [Col. 1c–2a] wearers. These were all tall and each one handsome. Lady de Trafford’s pretty face and fine figure showed to great advantage in her gown of white satin, veiled with gold-bordered ''chiffon'', and with an Empire trained cloak from her shoulders of Rose du Barri velvet lined with white satin, and bordered with gold galon. The colour of the velvet in what is seen in the half-yellow, half-scarlet petals of the soft textured nasturtium bloom. [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Mrs Algernon Bourke]] looked a picture in a Gainsborough gown. The white satin skirt was flounced with sable and veiled with ''chiffon'', the setuage of which was left to show without being hemmed up. There was a broad sash of rose-pink silk and each buttonhole was filled round with crimped lisse. One might go on for long enough describing costume after costume, and then leave them half out. Therefore, we shall, like the judge &quot;sum up” and &quot;charge” for a verdict of the utmost brilliancy.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Our London Letter.&quot; ''Irish Society'' (Dublin) 11 January 1890, Saturday: 17 [of 24], Col. 1b–2a [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001939/18900111/042/0017. Same print title, p. 29.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

===16 January 1890, Thursday===
&lt;blockquote&gt;About two hundred members of the newly formed Dulwich Literary and Scientific Association attended the conversazione given on Jan. 16 at Surrey House Museum, Forest Hill, when Mr. Horniman, F.R.G.S., acted as cicerone round the rooms, richly stored with historical relics, ornithological curiosities, and art treasures.&lt;ref&gt;''Illustrated London News'' (London, England), Saturday, January 25, 1890; pg. 120; Issue 2649, Col. 3.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

==February 1890==

=== 12 February 1890, Wednesday ===

==== Lady Constance Leslie's Reception ====
&lt;blockquote&gt;On Wednesday last Lady Constance Leslie had an evening party at her residence in Stratford-place.

The numerous guests included Prince Ernest of Hohenlohe, Princess Victor of Hohenlohe, and the Countesses Gleichen, the Austro-Hungarian Ambassador, Count Mensdorf, Count and Countess Henry Lützow, Mr. and Mrs. Henry White, Baroness de Brienen and Mdlles de Brienen, the Duke of Abercorn, the Duchess of Cleveland, the Marchioness of Blandford and Lady Frances Spencer Churchill, Earl and Countess of Portarlington, Earl Stanhope, the Earl of Northbrook, the Earl and Countess of Arran, the Earl and Countess of Erne and the Ladies Cole, Julia Countess of Jersey and Mr. Brandling, Viscount Clifden, Viscountess Bary, Viscount Torrington, Viscount and Viscountess Castlerosse and Lady Louisa Beauclerk, Viscount and Viscountess de Vesci and Lady Sarah Spencer, Viscountess Galway, and Mr Caryl Ramsden, Lord de L'Isle and Dudley, Lord Alcester, Lord and Lady Wantage, Lord Ashbourne, Lady Henry Grosvenor and Lady G. Ogilvy, Lady Cloncurry, Lord Morris and Mr. M. Morris, Lady Charles Beresford, Lord Rowton, Lady Blanche Hozier, Lady Colville, Lady Rayleigh, Lady Constance Lytton and Mr. Charles Earle, Lady Evelyn Sutton, Lady Ernest Seymour and Ladies Fortescue, Lord and Lady Sandhurst, Lady Mary Lloyd, Lady Tweedmouth, Lady Windsor, Lord and Lady William Seymour, Lady Guy Campbell, Lady Egerton, Lady Fitzgerald, Baron d'Erlanger and Mr. Charles Derenberg, Hon. R. C. Spencer, M.P., and Mrs. Spencer, Hon. Evelyn Ashley, Hon. W. Mansfield, Hon. Lionel Ashley, Hon. A. Hood, Hon. William Lowther and Miss Lowther, Hon. Sydney Greville, Hon. Fitzroy and Mrs. Stewart, Hon. Frederick Leveson Gower, Hon. Kenneth Howard, Hon. Francis Villiers, Hon. Francis Bertie, Hon. Arthur Walsh, Colonel the Hon. Charles Edgcumbe, General Hon. John Bourke, General and Hon. Mrs. Ellis and Mrs. R. Sneyd and Miss Ellis, [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Hon. Algernon and Mrs. Bourke]], Hon. Alan and Hon. Evan Charteris, Hon. Alexander Yorke, Hon. Derek Keppel, General Sir Dighton Probyn, Hon. Percy Wyndham, Hon. Everard Baring and Hon. Susan Baring, Hon. Mrs. Brett, Hon. Claud Hay, the Right Hon. Henry Matthews, Sir George Arthur, Sir George Maude, Sir Philip Currie, C.B., Sir Redvers and Lady Audrey Buller, Sir Charles Grant, Sir Mackenzie Wallace, Sir Herbert Maxwell, M.P., Sir Oscar Clayton, Sir Robert Gresley, Sir Algernon West and Mr. Horace West, Sir George and Lady Russell and Miss Brackenbury, Sir Henry and Lady Longley, the Sub-Dean of the Chapels Royal, General Crealock, General Charles Fraser, Colonel Saunderson, M.P., and Hon. Mrs. Saunderson, Colonel and Mrs. Stewart and Miss Streatfeild [siv], Colonel and Miss Balfour, Colonel and Mrs. Stanley Clarke and Miss Clarke, Colonel R. Baring, Captain and Mrs. Jekyll, Captain and Mrs. J. Bagot, Captain Lambert Ward, Captain A. Bagot, Mr. Charles Hall, Q.C, M.P., Mr[.] Hussey Walsh, M.P., Mr and Mrs. W. Hartpole Lecky, Mr. and Mrs. Richard Combe, Mr Henry Foley, Mrs. Arbuthnot and Miss Guthrie, Mr. and Mrs. Heseltine and Miss Dorothy Heseltine and Lord Cantelupe, the Miss Stopford Brooke, Mr. and Mrs. Thackeray Ritchie, Mr Edmund Byng, Mr. and Mrs. Wilton Phipps, Professor Sidney Colvin, Mr. and Miss Tennant, Mr. Godfrey Webb, Mr. and Mrs. Turton and Mr. Sidney Ponsonby, Mrs. Adare, Mrs Cecil Paget and Mr. Hugo Wemyss, Mrs. L. Drummond, Mr. and Mrs E. Hope, Mrs. L. Seymour and Miss Seymour, Mr. Guy Repton, Mr. and Mrs. Julian Sturgis and Miss Beresford, Mr. Poynter, R.A., Mrs. Daniel Cooper, Mr. Hamilton Aïdé, Mr. Alwyne Maude, Mrs. C. Bentinck, Mrs. Bingham Mildmay, Mr. Philip Habord, Mr. and Mrs. George Bulteel, Mrs. Beerbohm Tree and Miss Julia Neilson, Mr. Hallé [Halle?], Mr. Rudolph Lehmann and Miss Lehmann, [[Social Victorians/People/Fanny Ronalds|Mr. R. Ronalds]], Mr. Ellice, Mr. Arthur, Madame Blumenthal, Miss Julia Leslie, Mr. and Mrs. Jeune, Mr and Mrs. Charles Stuart-Wortley and Misses Millais, Mrs. Arkwright, Mr Joachim, Mr. Gillett, Mr. Pulteney (Scots Guards), Colone| Cuthbert Larking, Mr. Harry Higgins, M. Tividar Nachez, Mr. G. Ross, Herr Johannes Woolff, Mrs. Charles Bagot and Miss Bagot, Mrs. Bischoffsheim, Mr. Henry Petre, Miss Balch, Mr. and Lady Maud Ramsden, Mr. Adolphus Liddell, Mr Knowles, Mr. Grenfell, Mr. Edward Hamilton, Mrs. Henry Gordon and Miss Gordon, Mr. Henry James, Mr. St. Leger, Mrs. Dacre Hamilton and the Misses Nugent, Mr. Harbord, Mr Somerset, Mr. Ruggles-Brise, Mr. and Miss Hughes of Kinmel, Mr. and Mrs Douglas Freshfield, Mrs. Homer, Mr. W. H. Mallock, Mr. and Mrs. Robert Benson, Mr. H. Seymour, Mr. Ernest Law, Mr. Hugh Grimston, Mr. Lionel Cust, Mr. Chappell, Mr. and Mrs. Du Maurier, Mr. Boughton, R.A., and Mrs. Boughton, Mr. R. Roche, Mr. Montagu Wilson, Mr. Herbert Hope, &amp;c.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Lady Constance Leslie's Reception.&quot; ''Morning Post'' 15 February 1890, Saturday: 2 [of 8], Col. 5c [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000174/18900215/008/0002. Same print title and p.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

==March 1890==

=== 10 March 1890, Monday ===


The Prince and Princess of Wales hosted a ball in celebration of their wedding anniversary.

This report from the ''Bedfordshire Mercury'' is very brief:&lt;blockquote&gt;
The Prince and Princess of Wales, in celebration of the anniversary of their wedding on March 10, 1863, gave a dance at Marlborough House on Monday night. The Danish Minister and Madame de Falbe were among the company invited, also the Earl and Countess Brownlow, [[Social Victorians/People/Mandeville|Viscountess Mandeville]], Lord Alwyne Compton, Baron F. de Rothschild, &amp;c.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Notes of the Aristocracy.&quot; ''Bedfordshire Mercury'' 15 March 1890, Saturday: 7 [of 8], Col. 4b [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.com/image-viewer?issue=BL%2F0001290%2F18900315&amp;page=7&amp;article=073&amp;stringtohighlight=mandeville+viscount. Same print title and p.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
The report from the ''Morning Post'' suggests that this was a smaller party than usual for the Prince and Princess of Wales:&lt;blockquote&gt;In celebration of the anniversary of the Prince and Princess of Wales's wedding day, their Royal Highnesses gave an evening party (dancing) at Marlborough House last night.

His Royal Highness the Duke of Edinburgh, her Royal Highness Princess Beatrice (Princess Henry of Battenberg) and his Royal Highness Prince Henry of Battenberg, her Royal Highness the Princess Louise of Wales (Duchess of Fife) and the Duke of Fife, his Royal Highness Prince George of Wales, her Royal Highness the Princess Victoria of Wales, her Royal Highness the Princess Maud of Wales, her Royal Highness the Princess Mary Adelaide (Duchess of Teck), and his Highness the Duke of Teck and her Serene Highness the Princess Victoria of Teck and his Serene Highness Prince Francis of Teck, and their Serene Highnesses the Prince and Princess Victor of  Hohenlohe-Langenburg and the Countess Victoria Gleichen were present.

The following had the honour to receive invitations, but some amongst them were unavoidably prevented from attending: —

The French Ambassador (M. Waddington) and Madame Waddington, the German Ambassador (Count Hatzfeldt) and the Countess Marie Hatzfeldt, the Turkish Ambassador (Rustem Pasha), the Austro-Hungarian Ambassador (Count Deym) and the Countess Deym, the Italian Ambassador  (Count Tornielli), the Countess Tornielli, and Mademoiselle Virginia dei Conti Lazzari, the Danish Minister (M. de Falbe) and Madame de Falbe, the Russian Chargé d'Affaires (M. Bontineff), his Serene Highness Prince Louis Esterhazy, M. A. Kroupensky, M. A. de Stoeckl, Count Leyden, Count Albert Mensdorff, Count Reventlow, Mr. and Mrs. Henry White, M. de Soveral, the Marques and Marquesa de Santurce, Mr. A. de Murrieta, Mr. C. de Murrieta.

The Duke and Duchess of Leeds and Lady Alice Osborne, the Duke and Duchess of Buccleuch, the Duke and Duchess of Portland, the Duke and Duchess of Westminster, the Marchioness of Blandford and Lady Frances Spencer Churchill, the Marquis and Marchioness of Granby, the Marquis and Marchioness of Londonderry, the Marquis and Marchioness of Ormonde, the Marquis and Marchioness of Salisbury and Lady Gwendolen Cecil, the Marquis and Marchioness of Stafford, Count Gleichen, the Earl and Countess Brownlow, the Earl and Countess Cadogan and Lady Emily  Cadogan, the Earl and Countess of Clarendon, the Earl of Chesterfield, the Earl of Clonmell, the Earl of Dudley, the Earl and Countess of Dunraven and Lady Florence Wyndham Quin, the Earl and Countess Granville and Lady Victoria Leveson Gower, the Earl and Countess of Hardwicke, the Earl and Countess Howe and Lady Evelyn Curzon, the Earl and Countess of  Kilmorey, the Earl and Countess of Lathom and Lady Alice Wilbraham, the Earl and Countess of Lucan and Lady Rosalind Bingham, the Earl of Mount Edgcumbe and Lady Albertha Edgcumbe, the Earl and Countess of Romney and Lady Florence Marsham, the Earl and Countess of Rosebery, the Earl of Shaftesbury, the Earl of Stradbroke, the Earl and Countess of Sefton and Lady Gertrude Molyneux, the Earl and Countess Spencer, Viscount Drumlanrig, Lord and Lady Randolph Spencer Churchill, Lord Frederick Hamilton, Lord Ernest Hamilton, Lord and Lady Algernon Gordon Lennox, [[Social Victorians/People/Mandeville|Viscountess Mandeville]], Lord Charles Montagu, Viscount Chelsea, Viscount and Viscountess Coke and the Hon. Violet White, Viscount Curzon, Lady Georgina Curzon and Lady Sarah Spencer Churchill, Viscount Fincastle, Viscount Royston, Viscount Valletort, Lord and Lady Brooke, Lord Burghersh, Lord Capell, Lord and Lady Norreys and the Hon. Coralie Glyn, Lady Charles Beresford, Lord Marcus Beresford, Lord Alwyne Compton, Lord and Lady William Nevill, Lord Richard Nevill, Lord Henry Paulet, Lord Henry Vane Tempest, Lord Herbert Vane Tempest, Admiral Lord Alcester, Lady Ampthill and the Hon. Constance Russell, Lord Alington and the Hon. Winifred and Hon. Mildred Sturt, Lord and Lady Colville of Culross  and the Hon. Blanche Colville, Lord and Lady De  Ramsey, Lady Hastings, Lord and Lady Hindlip, Lord Lurgan, Lord and Lady Revelstoke and the Hon. Susan Baring, Lord and Lady Rothschild,  Lord Rowton, Lord Suffield and the Hon. Judith and Hon. Eleanor Harbord, Lord and Lady Wimborne and the Hon. Frances Guest, Lord Wolverton, Baron Ferdinand Rothschild, Captain the Hon. Maurice Bourke, R.N., Colonel the Hon. Henry Byng and the Misses Byng, the Hon. Alan Charteris, Lieutenant-Colonel the Hon. C. Edgcumbe, the Hon. Sir Spencer and Lady Ponsonby Fane, the Hon. Sidney Greville, Colonel the Hon. Oliver Montagu, the Hon. C. R. and Mrs. Spencer, the Hon. S. M'Donnell, the Hon. Alexander Yorke, the Hon. H. and Lady Feodora Sturt, the Hon. Arthur Walsh, the Hon. R. Winn, the Right Hon. W. E. and Mrs. Gladstone and Miss Gladstone, the Right Hon. A. J. Balfour, the Right Hon. H. Chaplin, the Right. Hon. Sir Henry James, the Right Hon. Sir C. L. Wyke, the Hon. S. C. Colville, the Hon. Assheton Harbord, the Hon. Julia Stonor, the Hon. H. Stonor, the Hon. E. Stonor, Captain the Hon. Henry White, Sir Edward and Lady Guinness, Sir Charles Hartopp, Sir Frederick Johnstone, Sir John and Lady Lister Kaye, Sir James and Lady  Mackenzie, Colonel Sir Nigel and Lady Emily Kingscote, Admiral Sir R. and the Hon. Lady Macdonald and Miss Macdonald, General Sir Dighton and Lady Probyn, Sir Francis and the Hon. Lady Knollys, Major-General Sir Christopher Teesdale, Sir Oscar Clayton, Sir Allen Young, Lieutenant-General Bateson, Lieutenant-General Charles Fraser, Major-General and the Hon. Mrs. Arthur Ellis and Miss Ellis, Colonel J. P. Brabazon, Colonel and Mrs. Stanley Clarke and the Misses Clarke, Captain H. F. Stephenson, R.N., Lieutenant-Colonel F. H. Poore, Lieutenant-Colonel R. Vivian, Major C. Swaine, Captain Douglas Dawson, Captain C. H. A. Hervey, the officers of the Queen's Guard, St. James's Palace, Mr. G. Byng, Mr. Henry Calcraft, Mr. Victor Cavendish, Mr. Henry Ellis, Mr. Horace Farquhar, Mr. and Mrs. George Forbes and Miss Forbes, Mr. Montagu Guest, Mr. Charles Hall, Mr. E. W. Hamilton, Mr. and Lady Hilda Higgins, Mr. Holzmann, Miss Knollys, Mr. and Mrs. F. R. Knollys, Mr. Ronald Moncrieffe, Mr. Alfred Montgomery, Mr. Arnold Morley, Mr. Henry Petre, Mr. Alfred de Rothschild, Mr. and Mrs. Leopold de Rothschild, Mr. Reuben Sassoon and Miss Sassoon, Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Sassoon, Mr. Edgar Sebright, Mr. and Mrs. Ralph Sneyd, Mr. Christopher Sykes, and Mr. O. G. St. George Williams.

Messrs. Coote and Tinney's band was in attendance.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Marlborough House.&quot; ''Morning Post'' 11 March 1890, Tuesday: 5 [of 8]. Col. 6b–c [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.com/image-viewer?issue=BL%2F0000174%2F18900311&amp;page=5&amp;article=055&amp;stringtohighlight=mandeville+viscount. Same print title and p.
&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

==April 1890==
Arnold Dolmetsch took out a three-day ticket to the Reading Room in April 1890 (Campbell 22).

=== 9 April 1890, Wednesday ===

==== The New Forest United Hunt Ball ====
&lt;blockquote&gt;This annual ball was beld at the New Forest Hall, Lyndhearst, on Wednesday night, and was a most brilliant gathering, upwards of 200 being present, not only the New Forest but also neighbouring hunts being well represented. Among those present were Earl and Countess of Londesborough, Lady Mildred Denison, Lady Lilian Denison, Hon. Louis Johnstone, Hon. Gerald and Mrs Lascelles, Major Downman, Capt. Sandbach, R.H.A., Col. and Mrs Sinkins, Col. Fitzroy Smyth, Lady Thursby and party, Mr Stanley Pearce (Master of the Foxhounds), Mr F. Lovell (Master of the Deerhounds) and party, Lady Adela Goff and party, Hon. Miss St. Leger Glyn and party, Mr A. H. Jeffreys, M.P., and Mrs Jeffreys, Hon. Mrs A. Peter, Mr Somerset H. Onslow, Mr Lancelot Orde, Lord Garioch, Mr and Mrs C. K. Francis, the Countess of Normandy, Lady Mary Agar, Lord Montagu, Hon. John Scott Montagu, Viscount Cantelupe, Prince Dhuleep Singh, Hon. D. Keppel, Col. Charles Needham (1st Life Guards), [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Hon. Mrs Algernon Bourke]], Mrs Cornwallis West, Mr and Mrs Shelley Bontein, Col. Gridley, Col. Newton, Col. Elliot, R.H.A., Lady Meyrick and party, Sir W. Jervois, Lady Jervois and  party, &amp;c.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;The New Forest United Hunt Ball.&quot; ''The Sportsman'' 11 April 1890, Friday: 2 [of 4], Col. 5c [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001055/18900411/024/0002. Same print title and p.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

==May 1890==
Leonora Braham appeared at the Opera Comique as Ruth Ferns in ''Gretna Green''.
===21 May 1890, Wednesday===
It was his pupil the young Countess Valda Gleichen who found a sponsor for Dolmetsch's first but brief appearance at a London concert on 21 May 1890, when the 'Magpie Minstrels' … gave one of their bi-annual performances at the Princes' Hall&quot; (Campbell 30).

==June 1890==

=== 3 June 1890, Tuesday ===

==== Dinner and Concert Hosted by Mrs. Arthur Williams and Ball by Mrs. Menzies ====
&lt;blockquote&gt;Yesterday evening society passed a large proportion of time on wheels, and the number of receptions was more than the most inveterate could get through wvith comfort. ... Meanwhile, the Duke of Clarence and Avondale dined with Mrs. Arthur Wilson in Grosvenor-place, and a small and select concert followed. The Duchess of Leinster was, as ever, the most beautiful among many beauties, the Hon. Helen Henniker, after her long mourning, was warmly greeted by swarms of friends, and the Countess of Lovelace, in grey satin, chaperoned her débutante niece, Miss Milbank.

Prince &quot;Eddie&quot; went from Mrs. Arthur Wilson's hospitable mansion to that of Mrs. J. Graham Menzies. It is unusual to find mother and daughter entertaining this illustrious young man on the same evening. Mrs. Menzies, who has succeeded Lord Suffield in his beautiful house in Upper Grosvenor-street, had one of the smartest and most successful balls of the present season. The Blue Hungarians played with immense vigour and owing to the postponement of Lady Carnarvon's ball, there was no competition for men and married women. Countess Howe, Lady Brougham and Vaux, Lady Aveland and Miss Willoughby, Viscountess Stormont, the Hon. Lady Grey Egerton and Miss Egerton, the Duchess of Buccleuch, the [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Hon. Mrs. Algernon Bourke]], the Earl of Craven, Countess of Coventry, Mrs. Mackay, Lady Sykes, the Marchioness of Granby, Mrs. Hwfa Williams, Lord Garioch, Sir Savile and Lady Crossley, Mr. and Mrs. Harry Lawson, and many others were present.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Yesterday Evening Society.&quot; ''Pall Mall Gazette'' 4 June 1890, Wednesday: 4 [of 8], Col. 3a [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000098/18900604/015/0004. Same print title and p.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

==== Münster-Hay Wedding ====
Account of the wedding of Count Alexander Münster and Lady Muriel Henrietta Constance Hay. Count Bismarck sent a gift.&lt;blockquote&gt;St. Andrew's Church, Wells-street, was completely filled yesterday afternoon on the occasion of the marriage of Count Alexander Münster, son of Count Münster, German Ambassador in Paris, with Lady Muriel Henrietta Constance Hay, younger daughter of the Earl and Countess of Kinnoull. The ceremony was fixed for half-past two o'clock, but all the seats in the body of the church were occupied long before that time by invited guests. The rood screen was hidden with white flowers, and a number of tall palms were skilfully arranged in and about the chancel. The bridegroom was early in his place, and wore the splendid white and gold uniform of the Garde du Corps of the Emperor; his best man, Prince Hans Heinrich Pless, wearing the scarlet and gold uniform of the Garde Hussars. The six bridesmaids were Lady Mildred Denison, Lady Dorothea Stewart Murray, Hon. Marie Hay, Hon. Marjory Murray, Miss Rosalind Lovell, and Miss Gladys Hadow (niece of the bride). They wore pretty dresses of pale blue satin, veiled with white chiffon; the skirts were edged with a frill, and the bodices finished with quaint fichus of the chiffon, fastened in front with a bunch of forget-me-nots. They wore drawn hats of the chiffon, covered with forget-me-nots, and their posies were of the same flowers, intermixed with pink roses, and tied with narrow pink ribbons. Each wore a gold bangle with centre forming the initials &quot;A.M.,&quot; and a single turquoise drop. The bride entered the church at half-past two, and was received by her father, who led her to the chancel steps, preceded by the choristers singing a nuptial hymn. The bride's dress was of ivory satin made with a very long train. The front was fringed round the hem with orange blossoms and veiled with old Brussels lace, the gift of her mother; the bodice was entirely covered with beautiful old lace, and finished at the neck on one side with a cluster of orange blossoms. She wore a small wreath of orange blossoms and myrtle arranged in the hair at the back and a tulle veil falling almost to the end of the train and held by diamond stars, the gift of the bridegroom. The bride's other jewels included two diamond drop hairpins, the gift of Count Münster; an emerald and diamond brooch, from the bridegroom; enamel and diamond heartsease brooch, from Lady Mary Mills; a diamond and emerald bracelet, from the Duke of Beaufort; and a diamond bracelet, from the Duke and Duchess of Athole. Her train was held by her two little nephews, Masters Roland and Patrick Hadow, wearing Scotch dress with lace ruffles. The service, which was fully choral, was performed by the Rev. Provost Rorison, of St. Ninian's Cathedral, Perth, assisted by the Rev. W. T. Houldsworth, rector of St. Andrew's.

The Earl and Countess of Kinnoull afterwards entertained the bridal party at the residence of the Earl of Londesborough, uncle of the bride, in Grosvenor-square. Among the numerous guests were the Russian Ambassador and Madame de Staal, the German Ambassador, the Austrian Ambassador and Countess Deym, Count Münster and the Countesses Marie, Julia, and T. Münster, Prince Pless, Prince Louis Esterhazy, Count Donhoff, Baroness von Beckendorff-Hindenburg, Baron E. Fürstenberg, Count Paul Metternich, Geheimrath Schmettau, Countess Valentin, [[Social Victorians/People/de Soveral|M. de]] [[Social Victorians/People/de Soveral|Soveral]], Captain Hasenclever, Count Leyden, Herr von Rath, Count Francis Deym, Baron and Baroness Deichmann, Count Mensdorff, Herr Pilgrim Baltazzi, Count and Countess Henry Lützow, Baroness d' Erlanger [?], Herr von Kemnitz, Baron Cramm, Vicomte de Janzé, the Duke of Beaufort, the Duchess of Athole, and the Ladies Stewart Murray, the Marchioness of Downshire, the Marchioness of Stafford and Lady Sybil St. Clair Erskine, Maria Marchioness of Ailesbury, the Countess of Dunraven and Ladies Wyndham Quin, the Countess of Kilmorey, the Countess of Galloway and Miss Stewart, the Countess of Dudley and Lady Edith Ward, the Countess of Strathmore and Lady Constance Lyon, the Earl and Countess of Roden, Lady Willoughby de Eresby and Hon. Miss Willoughby, the Countess of Westmorland. Viscount and Viscountess Raincliffe, Viscountess Coke, Viscountess Stormont and Hon. MabeI Murray, Viscountess Malden and Hon. Miss Capel, Lord Hay of Kinfauns [?], Lady Delamere and Miss Cholmondeley, Lady Brougham, Lady Esher, Lord Saye and Sele and Hon. Maud and Hon. Gertrude Fiennes, Lady Helen MacGregor and Miss MacGregor, Lord and Lady Algernon Gordon Lennox and Lady Angela St. Clair Erskine, Lady Raglan, Lord Charles Innes Ker, Lady Elizabeth Bertie, Lady Frances Pratt and Lady Clementine Pratt, Lady Geraldine Somerset, Lady Dalton Fitzgerald and Miss Payne, Lady Mary Mills and Miss Pereira, Lady Dorchester, Lady Louisa Moncreiffe and Misses Moncreiffe, Lady Norreys, Lady Petre, Lady Jane Trefusis, Lord Frederic Hamilton, Baroness de Brienen and Miss de Brienen, Helen Lady Forbes and the Misses Forbes, Lady Scott, Miss Scott and Mrs. Green, Lord Zouche and Hon. Miss Curzon, Mr. and Lady Constance Hadow, Hon. Lady Campbell, Lady William Nevill and Miss Bannerman, Hon. Alastair and Mrs. Hay, Hon. Miss Greville, Captain Hon. Randolph Stewart, Hon. FitzRoy and Mrs. Stewart, Hon. Charles Walsh, Hon. William Walsh, [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Hon. Mrs. Algernon Bourke]], Colonel Hon. Charles and Mrs. Hay and Miss Maude Hay, Hon. Mrs. Greville Nugent, Hon. Mrs. Colville and Miss Streatfeild [sic], Hon. Claude Hay, Sir Charles and Lady Forbes of Newe, Laely Borthwick, Sir Francis Montefiore, Sir Henry Hoare, Sir George Arthur, Sir William Gordon Cumming, General and Mrs. Wilkinson, Colonel and Mrs. Chaine, Colonel Arthur Paget, Colonel H. M. Hozier, the Provost of St. Ninian's, Major Finch, Major Candy, Colonel Lloyd, Captain and Mrs. Stewart, Mr. and Mrs. Hay Drummond, Captain and Mrs. Lloyd, Mr. William Gillett, Mr. Hulse, M.P., and Mrs. Hulse, Captain Lumley, Captain Barrow, Major Anstruther, Mrs. Hwfa Williams, Mr. Arthur Hay, Mr. Raglan Somerset, Mr. and Mrs. George Cavendish Bentinck, Mrs. Villiers, Mr. Henry Petre, Mrs. Keighley, Mrs. E. Balfour and Miss Balfour and Miss Ellice, Mrs. Dick Cunynghame and Miss A. M'Gregor, Rev. C. Weidemann, Miss Balfour and Miss E. Balfour, Mrs. and Miss Halford, Mr. and Mrs. Toler, Mrs. and Miss Townley, Rev. Dr. M'Ewan, Mr. A. F. Levita, Mr. F. Stephens, Mrs. and Miss Leigh, Mr. and Mrs. George Forbes and Miss Forbes, Mrs. Luke Wheeler, Mrs. J. Beerbohm, Dr. and Mrs. W. M. Collins, Mrs. and Miss Orde, Mrs. Murray, Miss Glyn, Mrs. Godfrey Pearse, Mr. Balfour, Mr. Leopold Goldberg, Mr. and Miss Oswa d [Oswald], Mr. and Mrs. C. Bulteel, Mrs. Brydges Wyllyams, Mr. H. Balfour, the Misses Codrington, Miss Finch, Mrs. Barron and Miss Sullivan, Mr. Hamilton Aidé, Mr. Granville and Miss Berkeley, Mr. M'Gregor, Mrs. and Miss Needham, Mr. and Mrs. A. Consett and Miss Consett, Mrs. Herbert Naylor LeyIand, Mr. and Mrs. A. Darby, Mrs. Montefiore, Mrs. Charles Murray and Miss Murray, Mrs. Thomas Legh, the Rev. John F. Mitchell, Mr. and Mrs. Claud Hay, Mr. Fiztalan Manners, Mr. Albert Stopford, Mr. Hervey Pechell, and Mr. and Mrs. Charles Orde.

Later in the day Count Alexander Münster and his bride left for Hillingdon Court, Uxbridge, the residence of the Hon. A. Mills, where they will pass the early days of the honeymoon, and then proceed to Chàlet Sans Souci, Bellaggio, Lake of Como, lent by Mr. Hervey Pechell. They will afterwards go to Wiesbaden, and thence to Count Münster's German country seat, where a great reception awaits them.

The wedding presents were very numerous. Count Munster presented the bride with a diamond necklace and pair of diamond drop hairpins. The bridegroom's gifts to his bride included a tiara of three diamond stars, a brooch formed of an emerald of unusual size set in diamonds, large pearl pendant, gold bracelet set with turquoises, and diamond and turquoise ring. The Duke of Beaufort presented Lady Muriel with an emerald and diamond bracelet. The Earl and Countess of Kinnoull's presents included a quantity of plate and other articles. Prince Henry of Battenberg sent a large silver-mounted claret jug; Count Bismarck, a silver box; the Marchioness of Waterford, gold snake bracelet, with pearl head and ruby eyes; the Duke and Duchess of Athole, diamond &quot;M&quot; bangle; Lady Ermyntrude Malet, massive silver bowl; Countess Marie Münster, silver tea set and tray; Baron E. Fürstenberg, pair of gold-mounted claret jugs; Baron and Baroness Erlanger, large silver bowl; Baron and Baroness Gungberg, pair of antique silver mounted jugs.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Marriage of Count Alexander Münster and Lady Muriel Hay.&quot; ''Morning Post'' 4 June 1890, Wednesday: 7 [of 12], Col. 7a–c [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000174/18900604/064/0007. Same print title and p.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

===4 June 1890, Wednesday===
Derby Day.

According to the Morning Post, &lt;quote&gt;Lady Thurlow's first dance. / Mrs. Coddington's Ball. / The Fourth of June celebration at Eton. / ... Royal Society of Literature — Paper on &quot;Early England,&quot; by Mr. Carmichael, S. &lt;/quote&gt; (&quot;Arrangements for This Day.&quot; The Morning Post Wednesday, 4 June 1890: p. 7 [of 12], Col. 6A).

===13 June 1890, Friday===
? or on the 12th? Arnold Dolmetsch had a concert at which his students performed (Campbell 31). It was reviewed very positively in the 13 June Daily Graphic, especially Helene Dolmetsch's performance. They did Purcell's Fairy Queen. They used a harpsichord.

===26 June 1890, Thursday===
There was apparently a regular celebration of [[Social Victorians/People/Arthur Collins|Arthur Collins]]' birthday, 26 June, by Bret Harte, George Du Maurier, [[Social Victorians/People/Arthur Sullivan|Arthur Sullivan]], Alfred Cellier, Arthur Blunt, and John Hare (Nissen, Axel. Brent Harte: Prince and Pauper: 239. [http://books.google.com/books?id=WEDewmUnapcC]). Choosing 1885–1902 as the dates because those apparently are the dates of the close relationship between Harte and Collins, ending in Harte's death in 1902.

==July 1890==
===3 July 1890, Thursday===
&lt;blockquote&gt;On July 3, 1890, Besant’s house at 19 Avenue Road, St. John’s Wood, was inaugurated as a new center of Theosophical work, serving as the European headquarters of the [[Social Victorians/Theosophical Society|Theosophical Society]] and as HPB’s residence. That house became also the meeting place of HPB’s Inner Group, twelve of her students who were eager for more intense training than was feasible in a larger, more general gathering.&lt;/blockquote&gt;That Inner Group is different from the Esoteric Section.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Esoteric World Chapter 23.&quot; ''The Theosophical Society of America, Online Resources''. http://www.theosophical.org/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;catid=23&amp;id=1725&amp;Itemid=53&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;The hall had a seating capacity of about 200. On the opening night [July 3, 1890] [sic] the room was crammed, and many were unable to gain admission. The speakers were Mrs. Besant, Mr. Sinnett, a Mrs. Woolff (of America), and Mr. [Bertram] Keightley. HPB was present but said nothing, on account of the critical state of her health.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;23a. Henry S. Olcott, July 1890, London [Olcott 1931, 4:254–6].&quot; Esoteric World Chapter 23. ''The Theosophical Society of America, Online Resources''. http://www.theosophical.org/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;catid=23&amp;id=1725&amp;Itemid=53.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

=== 4 July 1890, Friday, 11 p.m. ===

==== The Queen's State Ball at Buckingham Palace ====
The Prince and Princess of Wales were hosts of this ball, as Queen Victoria was not present. Many of the Queen's children and their spouses were present.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;State Ball at Buckingham Palace.&quot; ''Morning Post'' 5 July 1890, Saturday: 5 [of 8], Col. 5a–7b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000174/18900705/038/0005. Same print title and p.&lt;/ref&gt; The dancing commenced shortly after the Prince and Princess of Wales arrived at 11:00.

=== 1890 July 15, Tuesday ===

==== Garden Party at Marlborough House to Meet the Queen ====
The beginning of the ''Morning Post'' article, which is followed by a very long list of people invited:&lt;blockquote&gt;Their Royal Highnesses the Prince and Princess of Wales gave a garden party at Marlborough House yesterday afternoon to meet the Queen.

Her Majesty was accompanied by their Royal Highnesses the Princesses Victoria and Margaret of Prussia, and was attended by the Duchess of Roxburghe, Miss M'Neill, the Hon. Evelyn Moore, the Hon. Bertha Lambert, and Major-General Sir Henry Ewart and Major F. A. Bigge. Madlle. De Perpigna was in attendance on the Princesses Victoria and Margaret.

The following were present: — Their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of Edinburgh and Prince Alfred, and the Princesses Marie, Victoria, Alexandra, and Beatrice of Edinburgh; their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of Connaught and Prince Arthur, and the Princesses Margaret and Patricia of Connaught; their Royal Highnesses the Prince and Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein Sonderburg-Augustenburg and Princess Victoria and Princess Louisa of Schleswig-Holstein, her Royal Highness the Princess Louise, Marchioness of Lorne, and the Marquis of Lorne.

Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Albany, her Royal Highness the Princess Frederica and the Baron von Pawell-Rammingen, his Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge, her Royal Highness Princess Mary Adelaide Duchess of Teck and his Highness the Duke of Teck and Princess Victoria of Teck, his Royal Highness the Duke d'Orleans and Princess Hélène d'Orleans, his Imperial Highness Don Pedro Augustus of Coburg and Braganza, his Serene Highness the Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe, his Serene Highness the Prince of Leiningen and their Serene Highnesses Prince and Princess Victor of Hohenlohe-Langenburg and the Countesses Gleichen, and Count Gleichen.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Garden Party at Marlborough House.&quot; ''Morning Post'' 15 July 1890, Tuesday: 5 [of 8], Col. 3a–7c [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000174/18900715/044/0005. Same print title and p.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

=== 19 July 1890, Saturday ===

==== Wedding of James Francis Harry St. Clair-Erskine and Violet Aline Vyner ====
This report from the ''Fife Free Press'' is missing a big piece of the 2nd paragraph, where the bridesmaids' and bride's dresses are described, because the page was damaged. The digitized copy is also generally poor.&lt;blockquote&gt;On Saturday forenoon, in Michael’s Church, Chester Square, London, was celebrated the marriage of Lord Loughhorough, eldest son of the Earl of Rosslyn with Miss Violet Aline Vyner, younger daughter of Mr R. C. Vyner, of Fairfield, Yorkshire. The chancel was beautifully decorated with palms and a profusion of lilies most artistically arranged. The Prince of Wales, Duke of Cambridge. Princess Mary Adelaide, Duchess and the Duke of Teck, and Princess Victoria, and the Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone were among those present.

The wedding party began to arrive at 11 o’clock, the bridesmaids being early in attendance. They were the Ladies Sybil and Angela St Clair Erskine, sisters of the bridegroom; Lady Anne Lambton, Miss Musgrave, Miss Rachel Gurney, and Miss Fleming. They were charmingly dressed in soft cream crepon, with violet velvet Zoave jackets, forming half sleeves and capes at the back, and pretty turn-down collars and cravats of white mosseline [mousseline?] chiffon, and the skirts were very plainly made. They wore large white hats lined with a band of violet velvet near the face, and trimmed on the crown with white ostrich plumes, a bunch of violets fastening the brim at the back. Each wore a brooch — the St Clair cross in rubies and diamonds set in a circle of the latter, and surmounted by a baron’s cornet of the same precious stones — the gift of the bri[degroom]; and carried a bouquet of Marechal Niel [roses?] ...ging sprays of the same, and tied w... ribbons. The bride entered the ... eleven o’clock, being received at ... father, who led her to the cha... her away. The service be... procession was preceded up ... choir, who sang &quot;The voic...&quot; The bride’s dress was ... with a long court train, ... white velvet being embro... ...und the train, and fasten... ...ver true lover’s knot. The picture... ...gh silver waistband, had full slee... mousseline chiffon; and a small ... blossoms was most becomingly arra... with a long tulle veil. The Earl of Chesterfield discharged the duties of best man.

The Rev. Canon Fleming, Chaplain in Ordinary to the Queen and Vicar of St Michael's, performed the marriage rite, assisted by the Rev. Edgar Sheppard, Sub-Dean of the Chapels Royal, and the Rev. J. Thomson, of Rosslyn, near Edinburgh. The hymn “Thine for ever! For of love,” was sung the end of the service. Canon Fleming afterwards delivered a most impressive address. After the benediction the clergy and bride and bridegroom passed to the vestry, the Prince of Wales following with Mrs Vyner. Pretty wedding favours of orange blossoms, Parma violets, and white heather were then distributed amongst the congregation.

Mr and Mrs Vyner afterwards welcomed the wedding party at Ashburnham House, Dover-street. The ''dejeuner'' was served in three rooms, one being reserved for the bride and bridegroom and the Royal party. The table in the latter room was decorated with several of Mr Vynet's racing trophies. The band of the Grenadier Guards performed in the garden during the reception. The Prince of Wales, Duke of Cambridge, the Duke and Duchess of Teck and Princess Victoria were present at the breakfast, and among the general company were Count Munster and Countess Maria Munster, the Marchese and Marchesa de Montagliari, the Marquis and Marchioness of Ripon, the Marquis and Marchioness of Stafford, the Marquis of Cholmondeley, the Marquis of Northampton, Maria Marchioness of Ailesbury, the Dowager Marchioness of Conyngham and Lady Blanche Conyngham, the Marchioness of Downshire, the Countess of Rosslyn, Earl and Countess Compton, the Earl of Feversham, the Earl of Durham, the Countess of Coventry and the Ladies Coventry, Countess Howe and Ladies Curzon, the Countess of Yarborough, the Earl of Clonmell, the Earl and Countess of Loudoun, the Countess of Kilmorey, Countess de Grey, Viscount Molyneux, the Bishop of Gibraltar and Mrs Sandford, Viscountess de Labrosse and Mdles. de Labrosse, Lord Greenock, Lord and Lady Algernon Lennox, Lady Lilian Wemyss, Lady Julia Wombwell and Miss Wombwell, Hon. Lady Campbell of Blythswood, Lady Constance Harris, Lady Florence Harris, Lord and Lady Burghley, Lady Dorchester, Lord Houghton, Lady Curzon, Lady Brougham and Vaux and Miss Musgrave, Baron de Hirsch, Helen Lady Forbes and the Misses Forbes, Baroness Burdett Coutts and Mr Burdett Coutts, M.P., Lady Astley, Lord and Lady William Nevill, Lord and Lady Brooke and Hon. Leopold and Hon. Marjorie Greville, Lady Dalton Fitzgerald and Miss Payne, Lord Elcho, Lady Willoughby de Eresby and the Misses Willoughby, Lady Ewart, Lady Hindlip, Lady Cecilia Rose, Lord Rowton, Lord Capell, Lady Mabel Compton, Lord and Lady Herries, Lady Sykes, Lord and Lady Alwyne Compton, Lady Ventry and Hon. Miss de Moleyns, Hon. Lady Knollys, Lady Manners, Hon. Lady Drummond and Misses Drummond, Hon. Sydney Greville, Hon. Assheton Harbord, Hon. Derek Keppel, Hon. Captain Bourke, Hon. Mrs Percy Mitford, Hon. Philip Harbord, Hon. and Rev. L. Tyrwhitt, Hon. Coralie Glyn, Hon. M. Lambton, Hon L. Greville, Hon. Alwyn Greville, Hon[.] Eva Greville, Hon. Frances Dawnay, Hon Evelyn Paget, Hon Mrs Algernon Grosvcnor, Hon and Mrs Lambton. Hon. Mrs Evelyn Pelham, Hon. Fitzroy St Clair Erskine, [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Hon. Mrs Algernon Bourke]], Hon. W. Maxwell, Hon. G. and Mrs Dawnay, Hon. Captain Lambton, General Sir Seymour Blane, Sir William Gordon Cumming, Sir Archibald and Miss Edmunstone, Sir Henry and Lady Meysey Thompson, Mrs Gladstone, Mr and Lady Margaret Cameron, Mr and Lady Florence Astley, Mr and Lady Elizabeth Melville Cartwright and Miss Melville Cartwright, General and Mrs Duff and Miss Duff, General Owen Williams, Colonel and Mrs Anstruther Thompson, Colonel Stopford Sackville, Colonel Craig, Colonel Brabazon, Colonel Forester, Colonel Stanley Clarke (in attendance on the Prince of Wales) and Miss Clarke, Major Davidson, Canon and Mrs Fleming, Captain St John Mildmay (in attendance on the Duke of Cambridge), Captain and Mrs FitzGeorge, Mrs William Portal, the Sub Dean of the Chapels Royal, Rev. W. M. and Mrs Wollaston, Rev. R. West, Mr and Miss Chamberlain. Mr and Mrs W. H. Grenfell, Mr Christopher Sykes, M.P., Mr Reuben Sassoon, Mr Arthur Sassoon, Mrs Bischoffsheim, Mr and Mrs Herbert Naylor Leyland, Dr and Mrs Anderson, Mrs Oswald, Mr and Mrs Surtees, Mr Fitzgerald, Mr and Mrs Menzies, Miss Willoughby and Miss Gertrude Willoughby, Mr Arthur Paget, Miss Christie, Mr Dowdall, Mrs Eastwood and the Misses Eastwood, Mr Frederick Warre, Mr William Williamson, Mrs Burton, Mrs Chaine, Captain and Mrs Livesey Wardle, Captain A. R. Hill, Miss Helby, Mrs and Miss Winslow, Mr and Miss Oswald, Mr Willoughby, Mr Quintin Hume, Mr F and Miss Fitzherbert, Mrs and Miss F. Hotham, Mr and Mrs Moreton Frewin, Mrs Charles Otway, Mr Calcraft, Mr Watson, Mr Fennick, Mr Montgomery, Mr Cecil Murray, Mr and Mrs Sneyd, Mr Leslie Stephen, Mr Edgar Sebright, Miss Fleetwood Wilson, Mrs and Miss Farmer of Nonsuch, Mr and Mrs Dennistoun and Miss Dennistoun, Mr and Mrs J. R. Lane Fox and Miss Lane Fox, &amp;c. 

The bride and bridegroom left early in the afternoon for Easton Lodge, Dunmow, the seat of Lord and Lady Brooke, in Essex, where they will spend the honeymoon. The bride travelled in a costume of biscuit coloured armure silk, the top of the bodice and sleeves being of pale pink mousseline de soie, and the lower part of the former inserted with pink velvet ribbons to form a high band, Tuscan straw-hat trimmed with pink crepe de chine, and biscuit feathers. The presents exceeded four hundred in number. The Prince of Wales presented the bride with a trefoil moonstone and diamond brooch and the bridegroom with a sapphire and diamond pin. The Princess of Wales's gift the bridegroom was a silver-necked claret jug. The Duke of Cambridge gave an amethyst and diamond pendant, and the bridegroom a pair of silver gilt candlesticks; and Princess Mary and the Duke of Teck presented the bride with a silver sugar basin. The bridegroom’s gifts to the bride were a diamond and sapphire watch bracelet, a diamond half-hoop ring, diamond brooch with pearl centre, diamond and turquoise brooch, formed of the St Clair badge in rubies and diamonds set in a circle of diamonds, surmounted by a baron’s coronet in the same precious stones, a large salts bottle with two heart-shaped moonstones set with rubies and diamonds and a silver sugar basin. The bride presented Lord Loughborough with a turquoise and diamond stud. The Earl of Rosslyn presented the bride with diamond necklet. The Countess of Rosslyn’s gifts were diamond orchid brooch and a pink feather fan. Mr R. C. Vyner’s gifts to his daughter were a diamond and pearl tiara and gold mounted dressing case, and Mrs Vyner gave her a sapphire and diamond ring. The Marchioness of Stafford gave a ruby and diamond pin; Lady Mary Vyner antique diamond tiara; the Ladies Angela and Sybil Erskine sapphire and diamond bracelet; Hon. Fitzroy St Clair Erskine with &quot;1890&quot; in rubies and diamonds; Lord and Lady A. Compton large diamond star; the Earl of Rosslyn presented his son with a large silver bowl and two silver dishes; the Countess of Rosslyn's present was a travelling bag; Mr Vyner gave him a luncheon basket; Mrs Vyner a silver ''entree'' dish; the Marchioness of Stafford case containing silver coffee and tea pots, urn and stand, sugar basin, and cream jug; Lord and Lady Brooke four antique silver sauce boats; Lord and Lady Algernon Gordon ['''Col. 1c–2a'''] Lennox three antique silver ''entree'' dishes. The Earl of Rosslyn's Fifeshire tenants presented Lord Loughborough with a beautiful antique silver bowl, two antique silver dessert dishes, and two antique sugar castors; and to the bride they gave an antique silver tea service. The congregation of Rosslyn Chapel presented the bridegroom with a complete and elegant writing set, whilst Lord Rosslyn's servants gave him a silver inkstand and pair of silver candlesticks. Mr Vyner's servants presented the bride with a silver salver and six ''liqueur'' cups. The servants of Newby Hall gave a silver coffee pot, and Mr Vyner’s Cheshire tenants presented a case containing silver tea pot, sugar basin, and cream jug. The bride also received from the Duchess of Portland a travelling bag; the Duchess de Luynes, sapphire and diamond ring; the Duke of Westminister, Indian necklace; the Marquis of Northampton, diamond bracelet; the Marquis of Ripon, sapphire and diamond bracelet; the Marchioness of Ripon, turquoise and diamond bangle, the Earl of Durham, a diamond half hoop bracelet; Earl and Countess Cowper, a diamond &quot;V V” brooch; Dowager Viscountess Downe, moonstone and diamond crescent; Lady Skyes [Sykes] ruby and diamond fish brooch; Lady Millbank, sapphire and diamond brooch Lord Douglas Compton, double heart brooch; Lord Herbert Vane Tempest, gold curb chain bracelet set with pearls; Earl and Countess Compton, bangle with “Vi” and “good luck” on it; the Duke and Duchess of St Albans, tea service with table; the Marchioness Conyngham, silver cream jug; the Marchioness of Tavistock, silver vase; the Countess of Rodin, a silver I bowl; the Countess of Yarborough, silver candlesticks; Viscountess Downe, silver tea caddie; Lady de Trafford, gold mounted salts bottle; the Hon. F. Dawnay, large silver candlesticks[;] Hon. F and Lady Lampton, travelling clock; Hon. W. Lambton, silver candlesticks; Sir R. and Lady Graham, silver salver; Sir Roderick and Miss Cameron, two silver dishes; General Williams, diamond bangle; Colonel and Mrs G. FitzGeorge, gold mounted bottle; Major and Mrs Egerton, pair of silver candlesticks; Major Stuart Wortley, diamond Swallow; Major Davidson, heart-shaped brooch in coral and diamonds; Captain and Lady Cecilia Rose, a brougham; Mr Beaumont, silver bowl; Miss Edmonstone, moonstone and diamond hat pins; Mrs Harris, sapphire and diamond bracelet; Mr Egerton, turquoise and diamond brooch; Sir Cecil Murray, sapphire and diamond pin; Mr A. Farquharson, diamond swallow brooch; Mr and Mrs Hulse, two small silver vases; Miss Fleetwood Wilson, diamond bangle; Mrs A. Wilson, tortoiseshell candlestick; Mr Quintin Hume, salts bottle mounted with diamonds and rubies; Miss Helbert, gold violet pin; Mr Chamberlain, pair of silver candlesticks; Hon. Arthur Coventry, gold mounted bottle with &quot;Vi&quot; in diamonds; Mrs Leopold de Rothschild, diamond hand brooch, together with a number of other gifts. Among the presents to the bridegroom were — from the Marchioness of Downshire, antique silver sugar sifter; the Marquis of Exeter, silver sandwich case; the Marchioness of Bath, antique Dutch silver box; the Marquis of Downshire, a gold pencil; Count Munster, cigarette case and match box; Count Alexander Munster, a hunting flask; the Countess of Lindsay, antique silver pen-tray; the Earl of Mar and Kellie, silver matchbox; the Earl and Countess of Loudoun, silver cigarette box; the Earl of Chesterfield, antique silver gilt inkstand; the Countess of Bradford, gold seal with agate; the Countess of Warwick, antique silver bowl; the Earl of Coventry, silver pen-tray; the Countess of Wharncliffe, two silver candlesticks; the Earl and Countess of Cromartie, two antique silver cups; Viscountess of Newport, silver paper knife; Mr and Mrs A. Sassoon, ruby and diamond pin; Lord John Cecil, silver salver; Lord and Lady Willoughby de Eresby, antique silver-mounted cruet stand; Lord William Nevtll, antique brandy carrier; Lady Margaret Spicer, silver match box; Lord Burghley, four silver salt cellars and spoons; Baron de Hirch [Hirsch?], silver inkstand; Lady W. E. Osborne Elphinstone, silver inkstand; Lord Kesteven, silver cream jug; Lord Capell, silver cigarette case; Lord and Lady Gerard, tortoiseshell and silver travelling clock; Lady Lilian Wemyss, silver cigarette case; Dad Alwyne Compton, umbrella containing matchbox and whistle; Lord and Lady Lennox, two antique silver ''entree'' dishes and bacon dish; Lord Burghersh, silver cigarette lighter; Lady Angela 8t Clair Erskine, four silver salt cellars; Lady Randolph Churchill, gold pencil case, with two sapphires; Lord Houghton, antique gold basket; Lady Sybil St Clair Erskine, umbrella; Lord and Lady Dorchester, large crystal seal; Hon. Derek P. Keppel, pair of silver candlesticks; Hon. E. and Mrs Pelham, silver inkstand; Hon. G. N. Curzon, silver gilt bowl; Hon. F. St Clair Erskine, four silver candle-sticks; [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Hon. A. and Mrs Bourke]], four small silver dessert dishes; Hon. Mrs Elliot Yorke, pair of silver candlesticks; Hon. Mr and Mrs L. Greville, tortoise-shell and silver box; Hon. R Somerset, diamond and pearl pin; Hon. G. H. Willoughby, silver ink-stand; Hon. H. and Mrs Grosvenor, umbrella; [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Hon. Mrs Algernon Bourke]], enamel and diamond pin; Captain Hon. Maurice Bourke, cigarette case and lighter; Hon. W. Maxwell, silver-backed clothes and hat brushes; Hon. Sidney Greville, saltspoons; Hon. M. C. Maxwell Scott, two silver ''menu'' plates; Hon. W. Edwardes, pin; [[Social Victorians/People/Greville|Captain Hon. A.]] and [[Social Victorians/People/Lady Violet Greville|Mrs Greville]], silver gilt bowl, fork, spoon, and ladle; Sir Frederick Milner, diamond and moonstone pin; Sir George Chetwynd, two long silver flagons; Sir M. and Lady Fitzgerald, two silver saltspoons; Sir N. Gordon Gumming, silver-handled paper knife, &amp;c.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Marriage of Lord Loughborough with Miss Vyner.&quot; ''Fife Free Press'' 26 July 1890, Saturday: 2 [of 8], Col. 1a–2b [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001110/18900726/015/0002. Same print title and p.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;/blockquote&gt;

=== 24 July 1890, Thursday ===

==== Dinner and Dance Hosted by Lord Alington ====
Perhaps the date on this is uncertain, since the article in ''Truth'' would suggest it was held in late May or early June. The newspaper story in the ''Queen'' mentions another occasion in which the flowers were notable as well.

From ''Truth'':&lt;blockquote&gt;
But not a quarter of a mile distant [from a dinner and dance hosted by Lord Rothschild featuring Princess Louise and the Marquis of Lorne] a more important event was proceeding, for Lord Alington, having previously walked down the Row and invited his friends right and left to Alington House, South Audley-street, proceeded to give a dance which was honoured by the presence of the Prince and Princess of Wales, the Princesses Victoria and Maud, the Duke of Clarence, Princess Mary Adelaide, and Princess &quot;May&quot; and Prince and Princess Christian. This without exaggeration, with the exception of Lady Leconfield's, Lady Willoughby de Eresby's, and Lady Cadogan's, was the best ball hitherto given this season, and the prolific way ortolans [small songbirds regarded as a delicacy] were distributed at supper will long linger in the memories of those by whom these delicacies are cherished. One lady displayed her enthusiastic appreciation by devouring five of these, and it is to be hoped her devotion did not endanger her life. As for beauty, seldom before have so many pre-eminent for good looks been present at one gathering, as a mere enumeration of a few of these will prove. Of course the Duchess of Leinster heads the list, followed in quick succession by the Duchess of Portland, Lady de Grey, Lady Randolph Churchill, Lady Dudley, Lady Kilmorey, Lady Brooke, Lady de Trafford, Lady Helen Duncombe, Lady Hilda Dundas, Lady Sybil St. Clair Erskine, Lady Olivia Taylour, Miss Rachael Gurney, Lady Cardross, Miss Bourke, Lady Rose Leigh and her sister-in-law, Miss Leigh, Miss Berens (sister to Lady Cairns), Mrs. Ralph Sneyd, Lady Gerard, and a host of others far too numerous to mention. I often wonder that no painter has yet attempted to give us in one picture a permanent record of the chief beauties of our day. It would make a most interesting and exquisite group of lovely women, such as could not be found probably in any other country than this.&lt;ref&gt;Marmaduke, pseud. &quot;Letters from the Linkman.&quot; ''Truth'' 12 June 1890, Thursday: 26 [of 56], Col. 1a–b [of 2]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002961/18900612/064/0026. Same print title, p. 1212.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
From the ''Queen'':&lt;blockquote&gt;The P&lt;small&gt;RINCE AND&lt;/small&gt; P&lt;small&gt;RINCESS OF&lt;/small&gt; W&lt;small&gt;ALES&lt;/small&gt; and the Princesses Victoria and Maud honoured L&lt;small&gt;ORD&lt;/small&gt; A&lt;small&gt;LINGTON&lt;/small&gt; by their presence at D&lt;small&gt;INNER&lt;/small&gt;, at A&lt;small&gt;LINGTON&lt;/small&gt; H&lt;small&gt;OUSE&lt;/small&gt;, South Audley-street, on the 24th ult., when a distinguished party was present to meet them, including, among others, the Duke and Duchess of Leinster, the Marquis of Hartington, the Marquis and Marchioness of Ormonde, Maria Marchioness of Ailesbury, Earl and Countess Cadogan and Lady Emily Cadogan, the Earl Countess of Lucan and Lady Rosaline Bingham, the Earl  of Hardwicke, the Countess of Dudley and Lady Edith Ward, the EarI of Chesterfield, the Earl of Stradbroke and Lady Hilda Rous, and Earl Annesley. Covers were laid for sixty. Lord Alington afterwards gave a dance to meet the Prince and Princess of Wales and their daughters. As on the previous occasion, the floral decorations were exquisite. The entrance hall and the approaches to the reception rooms were decorated with tall palms and a profusion of lilies, pelargoniums, ferns in every variety, and roses in every imaginable shade. The conservatories at the back were carpeted and furnished luxuriously, and blocks of ice, lighted by fairy lamps, were placed about with artistic effect, serving to keep the atmosphere cool and fresh. Feathery palms, hydrangeos [hydrangeas] and arums were here used freely, and a particularly pretty result was obtained by the windows being framed, one in a fringe of ferns and red pelargoniums, and the other in ferns and fuschias. The ballroom fireplaces were adorned on each side with palms reaching to the ceiling, the mantelpieces being hidden by a delicate arrangement of roses in various shades springing from banks of hydrangeas, calceolarias, pelargoniums, and marguerites, and the walls of the staircase leading from the conservatory to the ball-room were hung with half-balls of floral roses. The supper was served in the dining-room, the tables being embellished with the loveliest orchids and roses of the most delicate tints, intermixed with pancretia; the arrangement was so light and elegant that it was difficult to believe that hands had ever touched the flowers. On those tables with silver candelabra in the centre, the flowers were all pure white, and those having gold candelabra were treated with mauve orchids and the palest pink and yellow roses. A tent, arranged near the conservatory for the Prince of Wales, was draped with Oriental hangings, and outside were groups of flowers and myriads of fairy lamps. The company began to arrive at eleven o'clock, when dancing commenced to the strains of the Blue Hungarian Band. The Princess of Wales was dressed in white striped satin and silk, the front being embroidered in pale shades, and wore handsome diamond ornaments. The Princesses Victoria and Maud wore white tulle over satin, the front being sprinkled all over with tiny sprays of lilies of the valley, each laid on a single leaf. The Duchess of Wellington was in black satin, with a pink sash arranged very prettily across the back of the bodice, and falling to the feet; a cluster of pink flowers and a beautiful diamond spray were fastened in the front of the bodicea and a diamond rivière was arranged in the hair, a diamond necklace being also worn. The Duchess of Westminster was in white satin trimmed with gold embroidery, and veiled in white chiffon. The Marchioness of Ormonde wore white striped brocade and satin trimmed with white lace, and a splendid diamond tiara and other ornaments. Countess de Grey, palest blue satin, with front beautifully embroidered in beads, and a diamond and pearl coronet. Maria, Marchioness of Ailesbury, white brocade and lace, with splendid diamond and emerald ornaments. The Marchioness of Bath, cream an violet brocaded velvet, the front being covered with mauve [38, Col. 3c – 39, Col. 1a] violets. Lady Mary Mills, rose-pink satin, with front richly embroidered; Lady Cardross, white satin, trimmed round the bodice and train with silver embroidery; Lady William Nevill, pale yellow brocade, the front veiled with black net, trimmed up the side with jet leaves, and all round the skirt was a bordering of Maréchal Niel roses, over a flounce of black net; Countess Granville wore rich white brocade and beautiful jewels; the Countess of Sefton, black satin and diamonds; Viscountess Dungan, white mousseline de soie, the skirt edged with a deep flounce; Lady Brooke, pale blue satin, trimmed with silver; Lady Emma Crichton, white satin train, with front of white lisse, prettily embroidered in red; Lady Idina Brassey, pale mauve bengaline, with front of chiffon and a handsome diamon coronet; Lady Rose Molyneux, white cross crêpe de Chine, with a pale green sash, and prettily trimmed with pink roses; Lady Wimborne, pale grey satin; the Hon. Miss Guest, pink satin, veiled with white net, sparkling with silver; Lady Sarah Spencer Churchill, white satin, with a chiffon frill; Lady Chesham, white silk, with pink roses; the Countess of Normanton, pale grey satin, with front of fine old lace; Mrs Hulse, handsome white brocade, diamond tiara, &amp;c.; Mrs Bischoffsheim, white silk, embroidered with silver, and trimmed round the bottom of the skirt and train with a ruche of pale yellow crèpe; the Hon. Muriel Brassey, white chiffon, over satin, slightly trimmed with pink; and the [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Hon. Mrs Algernon Bourke]] was in pink, with magnificent diamonds.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Entertainments, Balls, &amp;c.&quot; ''The Queen'' 2 August 1890, Saturday: 38, Col. 3c – 39 [of 82], Col. 1a–1c [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/BL/0002627/18900802/237/0038 and https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002627/18900802/237/0039. Print: ''The Queen, The Lady's Newspaper'', pp. 170–171.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;This is the story from the ''Morning Post'':&lt;blockquote&gt;The Prince and Princess of Wales and the Princesses Victoria and Maud honoured Lord Alington by their company at dinner last evening at Alington House, South Audley-street. The guests present to meet their Royal Highnesses comprised the Duke and Duchess of Leinster, the Marquis of Hartington, the Marquis and Marchioness of Ormonde, Maria Marchioness of Ailesbury, Earl and Countess Cadogan and Lady Emily Cadogan, the Earl and Countess of Lucan and Lady Rosaline Bingham, the Earl of Hardwicke, the Countess of Dudley and Lady Edith Ward, the Earl of Chesterfield, Earl Annesley, the Earl of Stradbroke and Lady Hilda Rous, Lord and Lady Gerard, Lady Norreys, Lord Rowton, Lord Calthorpe, Lord Frederick Hamilton, Lord Charles Montagu, Lord Herbert Vane Tempest, Lord Arthur Grosvenor, Lady Lilian Wemyss, Colonel the Hon. Oliver Montagu, Sir John and Lady Lister Kaye, the Hon. Humphrey and Lady Feodore Sturt, the Hon. John Baring, the Hon. Henry and the Hon. Julia Stonor, the Hon. Gilbert Willoughby, Lady Suffield and Major-General Ellis, in waiting on the Prince and Princess of Wales; Sir Henry Calcraft, Mr. and Lady Rose Leigh, General and Mrs. Owen Williams, Mr. Mildmay, M.P., Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Sassoon, Mr. Montague Guest, Captain Orr-Ewing, Mrs. Bulkeley, Mr. Ricardo, and Mr. Caryl Craven.

Lord Alington afterwards gave a dance expressly to meet the Prince and Princess of Wales.

Among the company were— The Russian Ambassador, the Danish Minister, Prince Louis Esterhazy, Comte Costa de Beaunyardt, the Duchess of Buccleuch and Lady Evelyn Fitzmaurice, the Duchess of Westminster, the Dowager Duchess of Marlborough and Lady Sarah Spencer Churchill, the Duchess of Wellington and Lady Cardross, the Marquis and Marchioness of Granby and Miss Bourke, the Marchioness of Stafford and Lady Sybil St. Clair Erskine, the Marchioness of Bath and Lady Beatrice Thynne, the Marquis of Cholmondeley, the Marquese and Marquesa de Santurce and Lady Wilham Nevill, Countess Spencer, Countess Granville and Lady Victoria Leveson-Gower, Countess de Grey, the Earl of Dunraven, the Countess of Lathom and Lady Edith Wilbraham, the Countess of Enniskillen and Lady Christian Cole, the Earl of Ilchester, the Earl of Durham and Lady Anne Lambton, the Earl of Dalkeith and Lord Ernest Scott, the Countess of Sefton and Lady Rose Molyneux, Countess Howe and the Ladies Curzon, the Countess of Normanton and Lady Mary Agar and Miss Mary Liddell, Earl Craven, Viscount Clifden, Viscount Ennismore and Lady Beatrice Hare, Viscount Coke and the Hon. Violet White, Viscount and Viscountess Castlerosse and the Hon. Susan Baring, Viscountess Newport and the Hon. Miss Bruce, Viscount and Viscountess Melgund, Viscount and Viscountess Curzon, Viscount and Lady Violet Dangan and Lady Eva Wellesley, Viscount Dungarvan, Viscount Chelsea, Viscount Royston, Lady Hastings, Lord Capell, Lord and Lady Willoughby de Eresby and Hon. Margaret Willoughby, Lady Cloncurry and Hon. Miss Winn, Lord and Lady Brooke, Lady Wimborne and Hon. Miss Guest, Lord Sandhurst, Lord and Lady Edmund Talbot, Lord and Lady Alwyne Compton and Miss Gurney, Lord and Lady Chesham, Lady Rossmore and Miss Naylor, Lord Kenyon, Lord Garioch, Lady Alice Portal, Lady Margaret Levett and the Ladies Ashley, Lady W. Nevill, Lord Paulet, Lady Charles Beresford, Lady Forbes and Misses Forbes, Lady Claud Hamilton, Lord Carlow, Lady Mary Mills, Lord Lurgan, Lord Henry Vane Tempest, Lord and Lady Algernon Gordon Lennox, Lord Richard Nevill, the Hon. W. Coventry, the Hon. G. Joliffe, the Hon. Schomberg M'Donnell, the Hon. H. Coventry, Captain the Hon. E. Dawson, the Hon. Alistair and Mrs. Hay, the Hon. Mrs. Grosvenor, [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|the Hon. Algernon and Mrs. Bourke]], the Hon. F. Dawnay, the Hon. E. J. Mills, the Hon. A. Johnstone, the Hon. Claude Hay, the Hon. Sidney Greville, the Hon. Mr. Dundas and Lady Hilda Dundas, the Hon. Thomas and Lady Idina Brassey and the Hon. Muriel Brassey, the Hon. Mr. Mansfield, Colonel the Hon. Henry Byng and Miss Byng, the Hon. Mrs. Oliphant, the Hon. Mr. Harbord, the Right Hon. Henry Chaplin, M.P., the Hon. G. Somerset, Sir William Gordon Cumming, Sir George Arthur, Sir Hubert Miller, Sir Charles Forbes, Sir William and Lady Eden, Sir George Chetwynd, Sir Frederick Johnstone, Sir John D. Poynder, Colonel and Lady Emma Crichton, the Hon. Miss Harbord, Captain and Lady Jane Combe, Colonel Paget, Captain Williams, Captain Ford, Captain Doyle, Captain Hanbury, Captain Campbell, Captain Constable, Captain Kinloch, Captain Longfield, M. Gutmansthal, Mrs. Bingham, Mr. Guthrie, Mrs. Arthur Paget, Mrs. Charles Wilson and Miss Wilson, Mr. Hulse, M.P., and Mrs. Hulse, Mr. de Murrieta, Mrs. Bischoffsheim, Mr. Spencer Portal, Mr. and Mrs. Gerald Paget, Mr. Leigh and Miss Leigh, Mr. Percy Daniell, Mr. Lister, Mr. Frederick Vincent, Mr. Cazalet, Mr. Alfred de Rothschild, Mr. John Savile Lumley, Mr. and Mrs Leopold de Rothschild, Mr. and Mrs. Skeffington Smith and Miss Taylor, Mrs. George Cavendish Bentinck, Mr. Alfred Farquhar, [[Social Victorians/People/Fanny Ronalds|Mr. Reginald Ronalds]], Miss Alice Ellice, Mr. George Marjoribanks, Mr. Wyndham, Mr. Dugdale, Mr. Montagu, Mrs. Sneyd, Mr. Wynn, Mr. Edward Hamilton, Mr. Murray Guthrie, Mr. George Lambert, Mrs. Sanford, Miss Mabel Forbes. Mr. Herbert Magniac, Mr. Bailey, Mr. Milner, Mr. Charles Kindersley, Mr. Beaumont, Mr. Walter Hervey, Mr. H. Hoare, Mr. Foley, Mr. Scott Murray, Mr. Coventry, Mr. Bertie, Mr. Jarvis, Mr. Guthrie, Mr. George Cavendish Bentinck, Mr. E. Charteris, Mr. Cholmondeley, Mr. Oswald Magniac, Mr. Cecil Campbell, Mr. and Mrs. Henry Oppenheim, Mr. Peploe, Mr. A. Charteris, Mr. Seymour Gore, Mr. Robert Antrobus, Mr. Elliot, M. de Champs, Mr. Wombwell, Mr. Charles Hoare, M.P., and many others.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Lord Alington's Ball.&quot; ''Morning Post'' 25 July 1890, Friday: 3 [of 8], Col. 5 b–c [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000174/18900725/014/0003. Same print title and p.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

==August 1890==
===6 August 1890, Friday===

==== Beautiful Women ====
The ''Lancaster Observer and Morecambe Chronicle'' reprinted a story from ''Vanity Fair'' about &quot;Beautiful Women&quot;:&lt;blockquote&gt;Beautiful Women. — ''Vanity Fair'' asks what country in the world can show a more beautiful bevy of women than England? When Lady Helen Vincent, with her sister, Lady Cynthia Graham; when Lady Warwick with her sisters, the Duchess of Sutherland and Lady Westmorland; and when Lady Mar and Kellie, Lady de Trafford, Princess Pless, Lady de Gray[,] Lady Naylor-Leyland, the Duchess of Portland, Lady Alington, Lady Sophie Scott, Lady Chelsea, [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Lady Algernon Bourke]], Lady Henry Bentinck, Mrs. Willie Grenfell, Mrs. Rupert Beckett, Mrs. Arthur Paget, and Countess Clary are gathered together it is a sight to make an old man young; while Mrs. Gerard Leigh and her sister, Lady Yarborough, and Lady Powis, Lady Norreys, Mrs Farquharson, Mrs. Willie James, Lady Dalkeith, Mrs. Pretyman, Mrs. Gervase Beckett, Lady Rossmore, Lady Sarah Wilson, Lady Colebrook, Lady Hartopp, Mrs. Willie Walker, and Lady Milton are almost equally admired. The many pretty girls include Miss Enid and Miss Muriel Wilson, who still head the list of the unmarried beauties, Lady Beatrice Butler, Lady Alexandra Hamilton, Miss Kennard, Miss Madeline Bourke, and Miss Leila Crichton; while among the debutantes Lady Evelyn Crichton and Lady Vivian's daughters have had a great success, and Lady Alice Montagu, petite and charmingly pretty, has been so much admired. The daughters of Lady Gosford, Lady Verulam, Lady Leitrim, Lady Inchiquin, and Lady Grey have also been admired, as well as Lady Helen Stewart, Lady Katherine Scott, and Miss Chaplin.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Beautiful Women.&quot; ''Lancaster Observer and Morecambe Chronicle'' 6 August 1897, Friday: 2 [of 8], Col. 5b [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001804/18970806/023/0002. Same print title and p.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

===25 August 1890, Monday===
Summer Bank Holiday

==September 1890==
==October 1890==
===22 October 1890, Wednesday===
Arnold Dolmetsch went to the Reading Room (Campbell 22).

===25 October 1890, Saturday===
[[Social Victorians/Loder De Vere Beauclerk Wedding|Loder—De Vere Beauclerk Wedding]]

===31 October 1890, Friday===
Halloween.

==November 1890==
===5 November 1890, Wednesday===
Guy Fawkes Day
===19 November 1890, Wednesday===
Arnold Dolmetsch, with some of his students and his daughter Helene, provided musical illustrations for a lecture given by Dr. Frederick Bridge on &quot;Mozart as Teacher,&quot; probably at Gresham College, where Bridges was professor (Campbell 34).

===21 November 1890, Friday===
Dr. Frederick Bridge's last fall 1890 lecture at Gresham College, for which Dolmetsch provided illustration. Campbell says, &quot;it is, in fact, the first record in modern times of music by Byrd, Dr. Bull, Jenkins, Simpson, Lawes, Locke and Purcell being played 'on the instruments for which it was written'&quot; (Campbell 34).

===25 November 1890, Tuesday===
Arnold Dolmetsch got a three-month pass to the Reading Room and &quot;thereafter held yearly tickets until 1916&quot; (Campbell 22).

==== 1890 November 29, Saturday ====

===== [[Social Victorians/Dudley-Beckwith Wedding 1890-11-29|Wedding of Francis Dudley, Lord Leigh and Héléne Forbes Beckwith]] =====

==December 1890==
Sometimes in December 1890, [[Social Victorians/People/William Robert Woodman|William Woodman]], one of the founding members of the [[Social Victorians/Golden Dawn|Golden Dawn]], died (Gilbert 86 12).

=== 4 December 1890, Thursday ===

==== [[Mure-Portal Wedding 1890-12-04|Wedding of Miss Mure and Mr. S. J. Portal]] ====

===19 December 1890, Friday===
&quot;The eleventh annual ''Truth'' Toy Exhibition for the children in London hospitals, workhouses, and infirmaries was held at the Grosvenor Gallery, Bond-street, on Dec. 19 and 20. There are over 22,000 children in these institutions, and each of them has a separate toy, besides the large and more expensive toys which are presented for the general use of the inmates. A special feature of the show was the dolls dressed by lady readers of ''Truth''. Several special donations in connection with the fund have been made, the principal of which is that of 10,200 new sixpences sent for distribution by the same liberal donor who has given a similar present on former occasions; while Mr. Tom Smith has had specially made, and has forwarded for distribution, over 22,000 crackers; and Mr. Horniman (as stated in our last issue) has given to the adults in hospitals and workhouses 1200 packets of tea, to be given to them as Christmas boxes.&quot; (Illustrated London News (London, England), Saturday, December 27, 1890; pg. 806; Issue 2697, Col. B)

===20 December 1890, Saturday===
&quot;In order that the adults connected with the hospitals and workhouses may participate in the good things given to the children in the ''Truth'' toy distribution, Mr. F. J. Horniman, of Wormwood-street, City, has sent Mr. Labouchere 1200 packets of tea to be given to them as a Christmas box.&quot; (Illustrated London News (London, England), Saturday, December 20, 1890; pg. 774; Issue 2696, Col. B) 

From the ''Times'', 22 December 1890, &quot;The Late Sir Edgar Boehm&quot;: &lt;blockquote&gt;On Saturday, in accordance with the special request of the Queen, the late Sir Edgar Boehm, R.A., was buried in St. Paul’s Cathedral, in the south aisle of the crypt, the spot being known as “The Painters Corner.” [new paragraph] The funeral cortége left the residence of the deceased at about 11 o’clock, there being five mourning and several private carriages. In the first carriage were the chief mourners, Sir Edgar Collins Boehm, the only son of the late baronet, and Mr. Conrad Herapath. The second and third carriages were occupied by Sir Frederic Leighton, P.R.A., Sir Nigel Kingscote, Mr. Richard Mills, Colonel Francis Baring, Mr. Alma-Tadema, R.A., Sir R. H. Collins, Mr. Edward J. Poynter, R.A., and Mr. Duncan MacGregor, all of whom subsequently, at the cathedral, acted as pall bearers. The fourth carriage contained representatives of the Council of the Royal Academy – Mr. Edwin Long, R.A., Mr. J. B. Burgess, R.A., Mr. F. Goodall, R.A., and Mr. Beavis. In the fifth carriage were the following members of the professional staff of the deceased – Mr. R. Glassby, Mr. E. Lantéri, Signor Finili, and Herr Gross. The cortége stopped for a few moments at the Royal Academy, in order that it might be joined by two carriages containing other representatives of the institution. Leaving Piccadilly, the route taken was Waterloo-place, Pall-mall, Cockspur-street, the Strand, Fleet-street, and Ludgate-hill, the cathedral being reached about noon.

The procession was met at the great west door by Canon Gregory, the Archdeacon of London, the Rev. Dr. Baker, Minor Canons Milman, Russell, and Kelly, and the choir, who had a few minutes previously left the vestry; by Major Bigge, Equerry to the Queen, representing her Majesty; Colonel Stanley Clarke, who attended on behalf of the Prince and Princess of Wales; and Colonel W. J. Colville, representing the Duke of Edinburgh. The [[Social Victorians/People/Princess Louise|Princess Louise]] (Marchioness of Lorne) attired in deep mourning, and accompanied by [[Social Victorians/People/Arthur Collins|Lieut.-Col. Arthur Collins]] and Lady Sophia Macnamara, arrived at the cathedral a few minutes before 12 o’clock, and was conducted to a seat in the south side of the nave, close to the late Sir Edgar Boehm’s two daughters, upon whom her Royal Highness had called earlier in the morning. As the procession came slowly up the nave towards the chancel, “I am the resurrection of life” and other sentences of the burial service were chanted to music by Dr. Croft. The coffin, which was completely hidden by splendid wreaths, was preceded by the choristers and the clergy. Then followed Sir E. C. Boehm, with Mr. Conrad Herapath and Mr. Alfred Gilbert, A.R.A., the officers and council of the Royal Academy, and members of the deceased’s studio. The coffin was deposited upon a bier, which had been placed under the dome in front of the opening into the crypt, through which the body was subsequently lowered. The mourners having been conducted to the seats which had been reserved for them, and the clergy and choir having proceeded to their places in the chancel, Psalms xxxix. and xc. Were sung to music by Purcell and Felton, followed by Spohr’s anthem, “Blest are the departed,” and the lesson 1 Cor. Xv. 20, which was read by Canon Gregory. Whilst the hymn “Days and moments quickly flying” was being sung the Archdeacon of London and Minor Canon Milman proceeded from the chancel and took up positions by the side of the coffin. The remainder of the service preceding and following the lowering of the body into the crypt was read by Minor Canon Milman, and the collect was impressively recited by Archdeacon Sinclair. The late Dr. Newman’s beautiful hymn, “Lead kindly light,” was afterwards sung by the choir, and the service was brought to a close by Beethoven’s Funeral March, which was played in compliance with the special request of her Majesty, at whose desire also Chopin’s Funeral March had preceded the service. Dr. Martin was the organist.

While Beethoven’s march was being played the son and daughters of the late “Sculptor in ordinary to her Majesty,” together with other mourners, descended the crypt by the door near Howard’s monument, and saw the coffin for the last time. It bore the following inscription:- “Joseph Edgar Boehm. Born July 6, 1834; died at his work December 12, 1890. Thy will be done.” The coffin had already been deposited in the brick grave prepared for it, which is next to that of Sir Edwin Landseer. Immediately around it lie the remains of painters and sculptors of bygone days – Sir Joshua Reynolds, James Barry, Benjamin West, Henry Fuseli, Sir Thomas Lawrence, J. M. W. Turner, and John Henry Foley, while within half-a-dozen yards is the tomb of the great architect of the cathedral, Sir Christopher Wren. The coffin as last seen was covered by the floral tributes of loving friends, the symbolic laurel wreath forwarded by her Majesty surmounting them. This bore the inscription, “A tribute of gratitude for many beautiful memorial works executed for her. From Victoria, R. I.” Attached to the beautiful wreath sent by the Prince and Princess of Wales were the words, “A token of sincere regard and friendship.” Wreaths were forwarded by other members of the Royal Family, by Sir John and Lady Millais, Lord and Lady Reay, the Countess Sydney, Lord and Lady de Vesci, Mr. Henry Irving, Mr. and Mrs. Bancroft, by members of the council, students and officers of the Royal Academy, the Society of Artistic Sculptors (Vienna), and by the London Hungarian Association.&quot; (http://glassby.com/Chapter1.htm) &lt;/blockquote&gt;

===24 December 1890, Wednesday===
&quot;The people of South London and adjacent suburbs have to be grateful to Mr. Frederick Horniman, a well-known City merchant residing at Dulwich, for a munificent and beneficial Christmas gift. This gentleman has, during thirty years, formed a collection, worth above £100,000, of specimens of art, European, Indian, Chinese, and Japanese, also of decorative manufactures, and of ethnology and natural history, and rare books and manuscripts, at Surrey House, Forest Hill, which he intends to present to the public. The museum was opened by Sir Morell Mackenzie on Wednesday afternoon, Dec. 24. It already comprises twenty-four rooms, containing many beautiful specimens of horse and chain armour, Elizabethan bed-room furniture, an old English parlour and pantry, an Oriental armoury, a bible and manuscript room, an Egyptian gallery, and ethnographical saloon, a book and embroidery saloon, a porcelain and glass room, and a zoological saloon, with two live Russian bears and a monkey. We may describe the museum further, after another visit. Our Artist has sketched, in the ethnograhical saloon, an idol's shrine, made of cocoanut-fibre, from Fiji. Mr. Horniman, in acknowledging a vote of thanks, said that in an adjoining house he had accumulated a vast library of bibles and entomological works and specimens. It was his intention to build a hall at the back of the present building to contain a thousand persons, while the galleries would contain a library, and a stage would be provided, so that both eye and ear could be amused. He also contemplated buying sufficient land to enable a public body to erect class-rooms and gymnasia. Three cheers were given for Mr. Horniman, and the company proceeded to inspect the museum.&quot; &quot;(Mr. F. Horniman's Museum, Forest Hill.&quot; Illustrated London News (London, England), Saturday, January 03, 1891; pg. 7; Issue 2698, Col. C)

===25 December 1890, Thursday===
Christmas Day
===26 December 1890, Friday===
Boxing Day
==Works Cited==
*&quot;Besant Chronology.pdf.&quot; From Anderson, Nancy Fix, Walter L Arnstein, Deborah Logan, and Susie L Steinbach, Volume Editors. Lives of Victorian Political Figures, Part III: Queen Victoria, Florence Nightingale, Annie Besant and Millicent Garrett Fawcett by their Contemporaries. Volume 3 of Lives of Victorian Political Figures. Series Editors, Nancy LoPatin-Lummis and Michael Partridge. London: Pickering and Chatto, 2008.
*Crawford, Elizabeth. The Women’s Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide, 1866–1928. Google Books. Accessed 14 October 2010.</text>
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      <text bytes="84855" sha1="dn5c5mq6f98v32meeudfnh4kyz9jq6c" xml:space="preserve">[[Social Victorians/Timeline/1840s|1840s]]  [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1850s |1850s]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1860s | 1860s]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1870s | 1870s]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1880s | 1880s Headlines]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1890s | 1890s Headlines]] 1890 [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1891 | 1891]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1892 | 1892]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1893 | 1893]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1894 | 1894]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1895 | 1895]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1896 | 1896]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1897 | 1897]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1898 | 1898]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1899 | 1899]]  [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s|1900s]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1910s|1910s]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1920s-30s|1920s-30s]]

==January 1890==
Sometime in January 1890, [[Social Victorians/People/Horniman|Annie Horniman]] was initiated into the Golden Dawn (Gilbert 86 144).

Sometime in 1890 Annie Besant and [[Social Victorians/People/Helena Blavatsky|Helena Blavatsky]] founded the Working Women's Club in the East End (Besant Chronology.pdf). Maye Dilke was a member (Crawford 170).

[[Social Victorians/People/Frank Harris|Frank Harris]] says,&lt;blockquote&gt;One day in 1890 I had George Meredith, Walter Pater and [[Social Victorians/People/Oscar Wilde|Oscar Wilde]] dining with me in Park Lane and the time of sex-awakening was discussed. Both Pater and Wilde spoke of it as a sign of puberty. Pater thought it began about thirteen or fourteen and Wilde to my amazement set it as late as sixteen. Meredith alone was inclined to put it earlier.&lt;ref&gt;Harris, Frank. ''My Life and Loves''.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

===1 January 1890, Wednesday, New Year's Day===
&lt;blockquote&gt;Sharp frost was experienced over the East of England yesterday morning, and in South London the thermometer had been as low as 27deg., and 28deg. in Hyde-park. It rose during the day to 41deg., but in the evening frost again set in. Later the thermometer rose again to 32deg., and there was an appearance as of coming rain.&lt;ref&gt;&lt;cite&gt;The Morning Post. 1 January 1890 (No. 36,675): P. 4, Col. F.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;Influenza is spreading all over Europe.

According to the &quot;Court Circular: Orders for Court Mourning&quot; in the Morning Post,&lt;blockquote&gt;A second supplement to the Gazette, issued last night, contains the following: —

&quot;Lord Chamberlain's Office, January 1.

&quot;Orders for the Court's going into mourning on Thursday next, the 2d instant, for her late Majesty the Empress of Brazil, viz.&quot; —

&quot;The ladies to wear black dresses, white gloves, black or white shoes, feathers, and fans, pearls, diamonds, or plain gold or silver ornaments. The gentlemen to wear black Court dress, with black swords and buckles.

&quot;The Court to change the mourning on Thursday, the 16th instant, viz.: — [new paragraph] The ladies to wear black dresses, with coloured ribbons, flowers, feathers, and ornaments, or grey or white dresses, with black ribbons, flowers, feathers, and ornaments. The gentlemen to continue the same mourning.

&quot;And on Thursday, the 23d instant, the Court to go out of mourning.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;&lt;cite&gt;&quot;Court Circular: Orders for Court Mourning.&quot; The Morning Post, 2 January 1890 (No. 36,676): page 5 Col. G.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

===9 January 1890, Thursday===

==== The York Hunt Ball ====
This account is from the ''Irish Society'', which explains which women's costumes are the focus:&lt;blockquote&gt;The fashionable world and his wife are out of town just now, having good times at country houses. They shed the light of their brilliant presence on those annual functions known as county balls, and enjoy themselves also at those popular and picturesque entertainments to which they are bidden by the masters and members of the various hunts.

One of the smartest dances of last week took place at York on Thursday evening. It was in fancy costume, and was in aid of funds for the York County Hospital. Once upon a time the journey from London to the Minster City of the North was a far cry, and one not lightly undertaken. Now it is luxurious and short. In consequence this hall presented the appearance of one in town in mid-season.

There was conspicuous for height and handsomeness the familiar figure and face of Countess de Grey. Lady Helen Duncombe, too, who shares with her Grace of Leinster, and Lady Cynthia Graham, the family beauty of the House of Feversham, was seen in the marvellously becoming (to her) costume of the Empire period. Lady Lilian Wemyss, a lady &quot;divinely tall,” and appropriately fair, was garbed in pink and white of a fashion hailing from the Empire. A &quot;square;” in which the lady dancers were all gowned empirically, was the event of the evening. An event worth remembering it was. The costumes were superb, but their attractions were nowhere in comparison with the charms the [Col. 1c–2a] wearers. These were all tall and each one handsome. Lady de Trafford’s pretty face and fine figure showed to great advantage in her gown of white satin, veiled with gold-bordered ''chiffon'', and with an Empire trained cloak from her shoulders of Rose du Barri velvet lined with white satin, and bordered with gold galon. The colour of the velvet in what is seen in the half-yellow, half-scarlet petals of the soft textured nasturtium bloom. [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Mrs Algernon Bourke]] looked a picture in a Gainsborough gown. The white satin skirt was flounced with sable and veiled with ''chiffon'', the setuage of which was left to show without being hemmed up. There was a broad sash of rose-pink silk and each buttonhole was filled round with crimped lisse. One might go on for long enough describing costume after costume, and then leave them half out. Therefore, we shall, like the judge &quot;sum up” and &quot;charge” for a verdict of the utmost brilliancy.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Our London Letter.&quot; ''Irish Society'' (Dublin) 11 January 1890, Saturday: 17 [of 24], Col. 1b–2a [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001939/18900111/042/0017. Same print title, p. 29.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

===16 January 1890, Thursday===
&lt;blockquote&gt;About two hundred members of the newly formed Dulwich Literary and Scientific Association attended the conversazione given on Jan. 16 at Surrey House Museum, Forest Hill, when Mr. Horniman, F.R.G.S., acted as cicerone round the rooms, richly stored with historical relics, ornithological curiosities, and art treasures.&lt;ref&gt;''Illustrated London News'' (London, England), Saturday, January 25, 1890; pg. 120; Issue 2649, Col. 3.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

==February 1890==

=== 12 February 1890, Wednesday ===

==== Lady Constance Leslie's Reception ====
&lt;blockquote&gt;On Wednesday last Lady Constance Leslie had an evening party at her residence in Stratford-place.

The numerous guests included Prince Ernest of Hohenlohe, Princess Victor of Hohenlohe, and the Countesses Gleichen, the Austro-Hungarian Ambassador, Count Mensdorf, Count and Countess Henry Lützow, Mr. and Mrs. Henry White, Baroness de Brienen and Mdlles de Brienen, the Duke of Abercorn, the Duchess of Cleveland, the Marchioness of Blandford and Lady Frances Spencer Churchill, Earl and Countess of Portarlington, Earl Stanhope, the Earl of Northbrook, the Earl and Countess of Arran, the Earl and Countess of Erne and the Ladies Cole, Julia Countess of Jersey and Mr. Brandling, Viscount Clifden, Viscountess Bary, Viscount Torrington, Viscount and Viscountess Castlerosse and Lady Louisa Beauclerk, Viscount and Viscountess de Vesci and Lady Sarah Spencer, Viscountess Galway, and Mr Caryl Ramsden, Lord de L'Isle and Dudley, Lord Alcester, Lord and Lady Wantage, Lord Ashbourne, Lady Henry Grosvenor and Lady G. Ogilvy, Lady Cloncurry, Lord Morris and Mr. M. Morris, Lady Charles Beresford, Lord Rowton, Lady Blanche Hozier, Lady Colville, Lady Rayleigh, Lady Constance Lytton and Mr. Charles Earle, Lady Evelyn Sutton, Lady Ernest Seymour and Ladies Fortescue, Lord and Lady Sandhurst, Lady Mary Lloyd, Lady Tweedmouth, Lady Windsor, Lord and Lady William Seymour, Lady Guy Campbell, Lady Egerton, Lady Fitzgerald, Baron d'Erlanger and Mr. Charles Derenberg, Hon. R. C. Spencer, M.P., and Mrs. Spencer, Hon. Evelyn Ashley, Hon. W. Mansfield, Hon. Lionel Ashley, Hon. A. Hood, Hon. William Lowther and Miss Lowther, Hon. Sydney Greville, Hon. Fitzroy and Mrs. Stewart, Hon. Frederick Leveson Gower, Hon. Kenneth Howard, Hon. Francis Villiers, Hon. Francis Bertie, Hon. Arthur Walsh, Colonel the Hon. Charles Edgcumbe, General Hon. John Bourke, General and Hon. Mrs. Ellis and Mrs. R. Sneyd and Miss Ellis, [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Hon. Algernon and Mrs. Bourke]], Hon. Alan and Hon. Evan Charteris, Hon. Alexander Yorke, Hon. Derek Keppel, General Sir Dighton Probyn, Hon. Percy Wyndham, Hon. Everard Baring and Hon. Susan Baring, Hon. Mrs. Brett, Hon. Claud Hay, the Right Hon. Henry Matthews, Sir George Arthur, Sir George Maude, Sir Philip Currie, C.B., Sir Redvers and Lady Audrey Buller, Sir Charles Grant, Sir Mackenzie Wallace, Sir Herbert Maxwell, M.P., Sir Oscar Clayton, Sir Robert Gresley, Sir Algernon West and Mr. Horace West, Sir George and Lady Russell and Miss Brackenbury, Sir Henry and Lady Longley, the Sub-Dean of the Chapels Royal, General Crealock, General Charles Fraser, Colonel Saunderson, M.P., and Hon. Mrs. Saunderson, Colonel and Mrs. Stewart and Miss Streatfeild [siv], Colonel and Miss Balfour, Colonel and Mrs. Stanley Clarke and Miss Clarke, Colonel R. Baring, Captain and Mrs. Jekyll, Captain and Mrs. J. Bagot, Captain Lambert Ward, Captain A. Bagot, Mr. Charles Hall, Q.C, M.P., Mr[.] Hussey Walsh, M.P., Mr and Mrs. W. Hartpole Lecky, Mr. and Mrs. Richard Combe, Mr Henry Foley, Mrs. Arbuthnot and Miss Guthrie, Mr. and Mrs. Heseltine and Miss Dorothy Heseltine and Lord Cantelupe, the Miss Stopford Brooke, Mr. and Mrs. Thackeray Ritchie, Mr Edmund Byng, Mr. and Mrs. Wilton Phipps, Professor Sidney Colvin, Mr. and Miss Tennant, Mr. Godfrey Webb, Mr. and Mrs. Turton and Mr. Sidney Ponsonby, Mrs. Adare, Mrs Cecil Paget and Mr. Hugo Wemyss, Mrs. L. Drummond, Mr. and Mrs E. Hope, Mrs. L. Seymour and Miss Seymour, Mr. Guy Repton, Mr. and Mrs. Julian Sturgis and Miss Beresford, Mr. Poynter, R.A., Mrs. Daniel Cooper, Mr. Hamilton Aïdé, Mr. Alwyne Maude, Mrs. C. Bentinck, Mrs. Bingham Mildmay, Mr. Philip Habord, Mr. and Mrs. George Bulteel, Mrs. Beerbohm Tree and Miss Julia Neilson, Mr. Hallé [Halle?], Mr. Rudolph Lehmann and Miss Lehmann, [[Social Victorians/People/Fanny Ronalds|Mr. R. Ronalds]], Mr. Ellice, Mr. Arthur, Madame Blumenthal, Miss Julia Leslie, Mr. and Mrs. Jeune, Mr and Mrs. Charles Stuart-Wortley and Misses Millais, Mrs. Arkwright, Mr Joachim, Mr. Gillett, Mr. Pulteney (Scots Guards), Colone| Cuthbert Larking, Mr. Harry Higgins, M. Tividar Nachez, Mr. G. Ross, Herr Johannes Woolff, Mrs. Charles Bagot and Miss Bagot, Mrs. Bischoffsheim, Mr. Henry Petre, Miss Balch, Mr. and Lady Maud Ramsden, Mr. Adolphus Liddell, Mr Knowles, Mr. Grenfell, Mr. Edward Hamilton, Mrs. Henry Gordon and Miss Gordon, Mr. Henry James, Mr. St. Leger, Mrs. Dacre Hamilton and the Misses Nugent, Mr. Harbord, Mr Somerset, Mr. Ruggles-Brise, Mr. and Miss Hughes of Kinmel, Mr. and Mrs Douglas Freshfield, Mrs. Homer, Mr. W. H. Mallock, Mr. and Mrs. Robert Benson, Mr. H. Seymour, Mr. Ernest Law, Mr. Hugh Grimston, Mr. Lionel Cust, Mr. Chappell, Mr. and Mrs. Du Maurier, Mr. Boughton, R.A., and Mrs. Boughton, Mr. R. Roche, Mr. Montagu Wilson, Mr. Herbert Hope, &amp;c.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Lady Constance Leslie's Reception.&quot; ''Morning Post'' 15 February 1890, Saturday: 2 [of 8], Col. 5c [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000174/18900215/008/0002. Same print title and p.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

=== 25 February 1890, Tuesday ===
On 5 March, the ''World'' reports on a party hosted by Mrs. Adair that must have been held the week before:&lt;blockquote&gt;Many smart people were present at Mrs. Adair's party in Curzon Street on Tuesday night. The rooms, lighted by electricity, looked their prettiest with floral decorations consisting entirely of tulips, the hostess appearing in a gown of terra-cotta velvet trimmed with dark fur. The Austrian Ambassador and Madame Waddington were among those who listened to Miss Damian’s rendering of a new song by Tosti, and to the glees sung by Mr. Avon Saxon's American quartet; and among others present were Lady Charles Beresford, [[Social Victorians/People/Mandeville|Lady Mandeville]], the Duchess of Marlborough, Lady Fanny Marjoribanks, who brought her sister, Lady Sarah Churchill, Sir Arthur Sullivan (just back from his annual sojourn at Monte Carlo), Lord and Lady Wharncliffe, Lady Howe and Lady Edith Curzon, Lord and Lady William Nevill, Mrs. Cavendish-Bentinck, General Charles Fraser, Lady Conyers, Madame de Brienen, and Sir Philip Currie.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;What the World Says.&quot; ''The World'' 5 March 1890, Wednesday: 19 [of 44], Col. 2a [of 2]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.com/image-viewer?issue=BL%2F0006339%2F18900305&amp;page=19&amp;article=061&amp;stringtohighlight=mandeville+viscount. Same print title and p.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;The ''Sporting Gazette'' also had a report, on 1 March:&lt;blockquote&gt;Mrs. Adair's party in Curzon-street on Tuesday night was, as usual, exceedingly smart and dressy. The &quot;smarties&quot; turned out strong for this Anglo-American function, and wore their best frocks and jewels. Lady Tweeddale, Lady Howe, with Lady Edith Curzon, Lady Fanny Majoribanks chaperoning her younger sister, Lady Sarah Churchill, Lady Curzon, Lady Antrim with Lady Louisa Beauclerk, Lady William Nevill with some lovely diamonds, [[Social Victorians/People/Mandeville|Lady Mandeville]], Lord Alington, Sir Arthur Sullivan, Mrs Cavendish Bentinck, and others. The singing of an American quartette was ''the'' feature of the evening.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;The Man About Town.&quot; &quot;The County Gentleman.&quot; ''Sporting Gazette'' 1 March 1890, Saturday: 6 [of 38], Col. 2b [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.com/image-viewer?issue=BL%2F0002525%2F18900301&amp;page=6&amp;article=053&amp;stringtohighlight=mandeville+viscount. Same print title, p. 274.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

==March 1890==

=== 10 March 1890, Monday ===
The Prince and Princess of Wales hosted a ball in celebration of their wedding anniversary.

This report from the ''Bedfordshire Mercury'' is very brief:&lt;blockquote&gt;
The Prince and Princess of Wales, in celebration of the anniversary of their wedding on March 10, 1863, gave a dance at Marlborough House on Monday night. The Danish Minister and Madame de Falbe were among the company invited, also the Earl and Countess Brownlow, [[Social Victorians/People/Mandeville|Viscountess Mandeville]], Lord Alwyne Compton, Baron F. de Rothschild, &amp;c.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Notes of the Aristocracy.&quot; ''Bedfordshire Mercury'' 15 March 1890, Saturday: 7 [of 8], Col. 4b [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.com/image-viewer?issue=BL%2F0001290%2F18900315&amp;page=7&amp;article=073&amp;stringtohighlight=mandeville+viscount. Same print title and p.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
The report from the ''Morning Post'' suggests that this was a smaller party than usual for the Prince and Princess of Wales:&lt;blockquote&gt;In celebration of the anniversary of the Prince and Princess of Wales's wedding day, their Royal Highnesses gave an evening party (dancing) at Marlborough House last night.

His Royal Highness the Duke of Edinburgh, her Royal Highness Princess Beatrice (Princess Henry of Battenberg) and his Royal Highness Prince Henry of Battenberg, her Royal Highness the Princess Louise of Wales (Duchess of Fife) and the Duke of Fife, his Royal Highness Prince George of Wales, her Royal Highness the Princess Victoria of Wales, her Royal Highness the Princess Maud of Wales, her Royal Highness the Princess Mary Adelaide (Duchess of Teck), and his Highness the Duke of Teck and her Serene Highness the Princess Victoria of Teck and his Serene Highness Prince Francis of Teck, and their Serene Highnesses the Prince and Princess Victor of  Hohenlohe-Langenburg and the Countess Victoria Gleichen were present.

The following had the honour to receive invitations, but some amongst them were unavoidably prevented from attending: —

The French Ambassador (M. Waddington) and Madame Waddington, the German Ambassador (Count Hatzfeldt) and the Countess Marie Hatzfeldt, the Turkish Ambassador (Rustem Pasha), the Austro-Hungarian Ambassador (Count Deym) and the Countess Deym, the Italian Ambassador  (Count Tornielli), the Countess Tornielli, and Mademoiselle Virginia dei Conti Lazzari, the Danish Minister (M. de Falbe) and Madame de Falbe, the Russian Chargé d'Affaires (M. Bontineff), his Serene Highness Prince Louis Esterhazy, M. A. Kroupensky, M. A. de Stoeckl, Count Leyden, Count Albert Mensdorff, Count Reventlow, Mr. and Mrs. Henry White, M. de Soveral, the Marques and Marquesa de Santurce, Mr. A. de Murrieta, Mr. C. de Murrieta.

The Duke and Duchess of Leeds and Lady Alice Osborne, the Duke and Duchess of Buccleuch, the Duke and Duchess of Portland, the Duke and Duchess of Westminster, the Marchioness of Blandford and Lady Frances Spencer Churchill, the Marquis and Marchioness of Granby, the Marquis and Marchioness of Londonderry, the Marquis and Marchioness of Ormonde, the Marquis and Marchioness of Salisbury and Lady Gwendolen Cecil, the Marquis and Marchioness of Stafford, Count Gleichen, the Earl and Countess Brownlow, the Earl and Countess Cadogan and Lady Emily  Cadogan, the Earl and Countess of Clarendon, the Earl of Chesterfield, the Earl of Clonmell, the Earl of Dudley, the Earl and Countess of Dunraven and Lady Florence Wyndham Quin, the Earl and Countess Granville and Lady Victoria Leveson Gower, the Earl and Countess of Hardwicke, the Earl and Countess Howe and Lady Evelyn Curzon, the Earl and Countess of  Kilmorey, the Earl and Countess of Lathom and Lady Alice Wilbraham, the Earl and Countess of Lucan and Lady Rosalind Bingham, the Earl of Mount Edgcumbe and Lady Albertha Edgcumbe, the Earl and Countess of Romney and Lady Florence Marsham, the Earl and Countess of Rosebery, the Earl of Shaftesbury, the Earl of Stradbroke, the Earl and Countess of Sefton and Lady Gertrude Molyneux, the Earl and Countess Spencer, Viscount Drumlanrig, Lord and Lady Randolph Spencer Churchill, Lord Frederick Hamilton, Lord Ernest Hamilton, Lord and Lady Algernon Gordon Lennox, [[Social Victorians/People/Mandeville|Viscountess Mandeville]], Lord Charles Montagu, Viscount Chelsea, Viscount and Viscountess Coke and the Hon. Violet White, Viscount Curzon, Lady Georgina Curzon and Lady Sarah Spencer Churchill, Viscount Fincastle, Viscount Royston, Viscount Valletort, Lord and Lady Brooke, Lord Burghersh, Lord Capell, Lord and Lady Norreys and the Hon. Coralie Glyn, Lady Charles Beresford, Lord Marcus Beresford, Lord Alwyne Compton, Lord and Lady William Nevill, Lord Richard Nevill, Lord Henry Paulet, Lord Henry Vane Tempest, Lord Herbert Vane Tempest, Admiral Lord Alcester, Lady Ampthill and the Hon. Constance Russell, Lord Alington and the Hon. Winifred and Hon. Mildred Sturt, Lord and Lady Colville of Culross  and the Hon. Blanche Colville, Lord and Lady De  Ramsey, Lady Hastings, Lord and Lady Hindlip, Lord Lurgan, Lord and Lady Revelstoke and the Hon. Susan Baring, Lord and Lady Rothschild,  Lord Rowton, Lord Suffield and the Hon. Judith and Hon. Eleanor Harbord, Lord and Lady Wimborne and the Hon. Frances Guest, Lord Wolverton, Baron Ferdinand Rothschild, Captain the Hon. Maurice Bourke, R.N., Colonel the Hon. Henry Byng and the Misses Byng, the Hon. Alan Charteris, Lieutenant-Colonel the Hon. C. Edgcumbe, the Hon. Sir Spencer and Lady Ponsonby Fane, the Hon. Sidney Greville, Colonel the Hon. Oliver Montagu, the Hon. C. R. and Mrs. Spencer, the Hon. S. M'Donnell, the Hon. Alexander Yorke, the Hon. H. and Lady Feodora Sturt, the Hon. Arthur Walsh, the Hon. R. Winn, the Right Hon. W. E. and Mrs. Gladstone and Miss Gladstone, the Right Hon. A. J. Balfour, the Right Hon. H. Chaplin, the Right. Hon. Sir Henry James, the Right Hon. Sir C. L. Wyke, the Hon. S. C. Colville, the Hon. Assheton Harbord, the Hon. Julia Stonor, the Hon. H. Stonor, the Hon. E. Stonor, Captain the Hon. Henry White, Sir Edward and Lady Guinness, Sir Charles Hartopp, Sir Frederick Johnstone, Sir John and Lady Lister Kaye, Sir James and Lady  Mackenzie, Colonel Sir Nigel and Lady Emily Kingscote, Admiral Sir R. and the Hon. Lady Macdonald and Miss Macdonald, General Sir Dighton and Lady Probyn, Sir Francis and the Hon. Lady Knollys, Major-General Sir Christopher Teesdale, Sir Oscar Clayton, Sir Allen Young, Lieutenant-General Bateson, Lieutenant-General Charles Fraser, Major-General and the Hon. Mrs. Arthur Ellis and Miss Ellis, Colonel J. P. Brabazon, Colonel and Mrs. Stanley Clarke and the Misses Clarke, Captain H. F. Stephenson, R.N., Lieutenant-Colonel F. H. Poore, Lieutenant-Colonel R. Vivian, Major C. Swaine, Captain Douglas Dawson, Captain C. H. A. Hervey, the officers of the Queen's Guard, St. James's Palace, Mr. G. Byng, Mr. Henry Calcraft, Mr. Victor Cavendish, Mr. Henry Ellis, Mr. Horace Farquhar, Mr. and Mrs. George Forbes and Miss Forbes, Mr. Montagu Guest, Mr. Charles Hall, Mr. E. W. Hamilton, Mr. and Lady Hilda Higgins, Mr. Holzmann, Miss Knollys, Mr. and Mrs. F. R. Knollys, Mr. Ronald Moncrieffe, Mr. Alfred Montgomery, Mr. Arnold Morley, Mr. Henry Petre, Mr. Alfred de Rothschild, Mr. and Mrs. Leopold de Rothschild, Mr. Reuben Sassoon and Miss Sassoon, Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Sassoon, Mr. Edgar Sebright, Mr. and Mrs. Ralph Sneyd, Mr. Christopher Sykes, and Mr. O. G. St. George Williams.

Messrs. Coote and Tinney's band was in attendance.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Marlborough House.&quot; ''Morning Post'' 11 March 1890, Tuesday: 5 [of 8]. Col. 6b–c [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.com/image-viewer?issue=BL%2F0000174%2F18900311&amp;page=5&amp;article=055&amp;stringtohighlight=mandeville+viscount. Same print title and p.
&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

==April 1890==
Arnold Dolmetsch took out a three-day ticket to the Reading Room in April 1890 (Campbell 22).

=== 9 April 1890, Wednesday ===

==== The New Forest United Hunt Ball ====
&lt;blockquote&gt;This annual ball was beld at the New Forest Hall, Lyndhearst, on Wednesday night, and was a most brilliant gathering, upwards of 200 being present, not only the New Forest but also neighbouring hunts being well represented. Among those present were Earl and Countess of Londesborough, Lady Mildred Denison, Lady Lilian Denison, Hon. Louis Johnstone, Hon. Gerald and Mrs Lascelles, Major Downman, Capt. Sandbach, R.H.A., Col. and Mrs Sinkins, Col. Fitzroy Smyth, Lady Thursby and party, Mr Stanley Pearce (Master of the Foxhounds), Mr F. Lovell (Master of the Deerhounds) and party, Lady Adela Goff and party, Hon. Miss St. Leger Glyn and party, Mr A. H. Jeffreys, M.P., and Mrs Jeffreys, Hon. Mrs A. Peter, Mr Somerset H. Onslow, Mr Lancelot Orde, Lord Garioch, Mr and Mrs C. K. Francis, the Countess of Normandy, Lady Mary Agar, Lord Montagu, Hon. John Scott Montagu, Viscount Cantelupe, Prince Dhuleep Singh, Hon. D. Keppel, Col. Charles Needham (1st Life Guards), [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Hon. Mrs Algernon Bourke]], Mrs Cornwallis West, Mr and Mrs Shelley Bontein, Col. Gridley, Col. Newton, Col. Elliot, R.H.A., Lady Meyrick and party, Sir W. Jervois, Lady Jervois and  party, &amp;c.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;The New Forest United Hunt Ball.&quot; ''The Sportsman'' 11 April 1890, Friday: 2 [of 4], Col. 5c [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001055/18900411/024/0002. Same print title and p.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

==May 1890==
Leonora Braham appeared at the Opera Comique as Ruth Ferns in ''Gretna Green''.
===21 May 1890, Wednesday===
It was his pupil the young Countess Valda Gleichen who found a sponsor for Dolmetsch's first but brief appearance at a London concert on 21 May 1890, when the 'Magpie Minstrels' … gave one of their bi-annual performances at the Princes' Hall&quot; (Campbell 30).

==June 1890==

=== 3 June 1890, Tuesday ===

==== Dinner and Concert Hosted by Mrs. Arthur Williams and Ball by Mrs. Menzies ====
&lt;blockquote&gt;Yesterday evening society passed a large proportion of time on wheels, and the number of receptions was more than the most inveterate could get through wvith comfort. ... Meanwhile, the Duke of Clarence and Avondale dined with Mrs. Arthur Wilson in Grosvenor-place, and a small and select concert followed. The Duchess of Leinster was, as ever, the most beautiful among many beauties, the Hon. Helen Henniker, after her long mourning, was warmly greeted by swarms of friends, and the Countess of Lovelace, in grey satin, chaperoned her débutante niece, Miss Milbank.

Prince &quot;Eddie&quot; went from Mrs. Arthur Wilson's hospitable mansion to that of Mrs. J. Graham Menzies. It is unusual to find mother and daughter entertaining this illustrious young man on the same evening. Mrs. Menzies, who has succeeded Lord Suffield in his beautiful house in Upper Grosvenor-street, had one of the smartest and most successful balls of the present season. The Blue Hungarians played with immense vigour and owing to the postponement of Lady Carnarvon's ball, there was no competition for men and married women. Countess Howe, Lady Brougham and Vaux, Lady Aveland and Miss Willoughby, Viscountess Stormont, the Hon. Lady Grey Egerton and Miss Egerton, the Duchess of Buccleuch, the [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Hon. Mrs. Algernon Bourke]], the Earl of Craven, Countess of Coventry, Mrs. Mackay, Lady Sykes, the Marchioness of Granby, Mrs. Hwfa Williams, Lord Garioch, Sir Savile and Lady Crossley, Mr. and Mrs. Harry Lawson, and many others were present.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Yesterday Evening Society.&quot; ''Pall Mall Gazette'' 4 June 1890, Wednesday: 4 [of 8], Col. 3a [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000098/18900604/015/0004. Same print title and p.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

==== Münster-Hay Wedding ====
Account of the wedding of Count Alexander Münster and Lady Muriel Henrietta Constance Hay. Count Bismarck sent a gift.&lt;blockquote&gt;St. Andrew's Church, Wells-street, was completely filled yesterday afternoon on the occasion of the marriage of Count Alexander Münster, son of Count Münster, German Ambassador in Paris, with Lady Muriel Henrietta Constance Hay, younger daughter of the Earl and Countess of Kinnoull. The ceremony was fixed for half-past two o'clock, but all the seats in the body of the church were occupied long before that time by invited guests. The rood screen was hidden with white flowers, and a number of tall palms were skilfully arranged in and about the chancel. The bridegroom was early in his place, and wore the splendid white and gold uniform of the Garde du Corps of the Emperor; his best man, Prince Hans Heinrich Pless, wearing the scarlet and gold uniform of the Garde Hussars. The six bridesmaids were Lady Mildred Denison, Lady Dorothea Stewart Murray, Hon. Marie Hay, Hon. Marjory Murray, Miss Rosalind Lovell, and Miss Gladys Hadow (niece of the bride). They wore pretty dresses of pale blue satin, veiled with white chiffon; the skirts were edged with a frill, and the bodices finished with quaint fichus of the chiffon, fastened in front with a bunch of forget-me-nots. They wore drawn hats of the chiffon, covered with forget-me-nots, and their posies were of the same flowers, intermixed with pink roses, and tied with narrow pink ribbons. Each wore a gold bangle with centre forming the initials &quot;A.M.,&quot; and a single turquoise drop. The bride entered the church at half-past two, and was received by her father, who led her to the chancel steps, preceded by the choristers singing a nuptial hymn. The bride's dress was of ivory satin made with a very long train. The front was fringed round the hem with orange blossoms and veiled with old Brussels lace, the gift of her mother; the bodice was entirely covered with beautiful old lace, and finished at the neck on one side with a cluster of orange blossoms. She wore a small wreath of orange blossoms and myrtle arranged in the hair at the back and a tulle veil falling almost to the end of the train and held by diamond stars, the gift of the bridegroom. The bride's other jewels included two diamond drop hairpins, the gift of Count Münster; an emerald and diamond brooch, from the bridegroom; enamel and diamond heartsease brooch, from Lady Mary Mills; a diamond and emerald bracelet, from the Duke of Beaufort; and a diamond bracelet, from the Duke and Duchess of Athole. Her train was held by her two little nephews, Masters Roland and Patrick Hadow, wearing Scotch dress with lace ruffles. The service, which was fully choral, was performed by the Rev. Provost Rorison, of St. Ninian's Cathedral, Perth, assisted by the Rev. W. T. Houldsworth, rector of St. Andrew's.

The Earl and Countess of Kinnoull afterwards entertained the bridal party at the residence of the Earl of Londesborough, uncle of the bride, in Grosvenor-square. Among the numerous guests were the Russian Ambassador and Madame de Staal, the German Ambassador, the Austrian Ambassador and Countess Deym, Count Münster and the Countesses Marie, Julia, and T. Münster, Prince Pless, Prince Louis Esterhazy, Count Donhoff, Baroness von Beckendorff-Hindenburg, Baron E. Fürstenberg, Count Paul Metternich, Geheimrath Schmettau, Countess Valentin, [[Social Victorians/People/de Soveral|M. de]] [[Social Victorians/People/de Soveral|Soveral]], Captain Hasenclever, Count Leyden, Herr von Rath, Count Francis Deym, Baron and Baroness Deichmann, Count Mensdorff, Herr Pilgrim Baltazzi, Count and Countess Henry Lützow, Baroness d' Erlanger [?], Herr von Kemnitz, Baron Cramm, Vicomte de Janzé, the Duke of Beaufort, the Duchess of Athole, and the Ladies Stewart Murray, the Marchioness of Downshire, the Marchioness of Stafford and Lady Sybil St. Clair Erskine, Maria Marchioness of Ailesbury, the Countess of Dunraven and Ladies Wyndham Quin, the Countess of Kilmorey, the Countess of Galloway and Miss Stewart, the Countess of Dudley and Lady Edith Ward, the Countess of Strathmore and Lady Constance Lyon, the Earl and Countess of Roden, Lady Willoughby de Eresby and Hon. Miss Willoughby, the Countess of Westmorland. Viscount and Viscountess Raincliffe, Viscountess Coke, Viscountess Stormont and Hon. MabeI Murray, Viscountess Malden and Hon. Miss Capel, Lord Hay of Kinfauns [?], Lady Delamere and Miss Cholmondeley, Lady Brougham, Lady Esher, Lord Saye and Sele and Hon. Maud and Hon. Gertrude Fiennes, Lady Helen MacGregor and Miss MacGregor, Lord and Lady Algernon Gordon Lennox and Lady Angela St. Clair Erskine, Lady Raglan, Lord Charles Innes Ker, Lady Elizabeth Bertie, Lady Frances Pratt and Lady Clementine Pratt, Lady Geraldine Somerset, Lady Dalton Fitzgerald and Miss Payne, Lady Mary Mills and Miss Pereira, Lady Dorchester, Lady Louisa Moncreiffe and Misses Moncreiffe, Lady Norreys, Lady Petre, Lady Jane Trefusis, Lord Frederic Hamilton, Baroness de Brienen and Miss de Brienen, Helen Lady Forbes and the Misses Forbes, Lady Scott, Miss Scott and Mrs. Green, Lord Zouche and Hon. Miss Curzon, Mr. and Lady Constance Hadow, Hon. Lady Campbell, Lady William Nevill and Miss Bannerman, Hon. Alastair and Mrs. Hay, Hon. Miss Greville, Captain Hon. Randolph Stewart, Hon. FitzRoy and Mrs. Stewart, Hon. Charles Walsh, Hon. William Walsh, [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Hon. Mrs. Algernon Bourke]], Colonel Hon. Charles and Mrs. Hay and Miss Maude Hay, Hon. Mrs. Greville Nugent, Hon. Mrs. Colville and Miss Streatfeild [sic], Hon. Claude Hay, Sir Charles and Lady Forbes of Newe, Laely Borthwick, Sir Francis Montefiore, Sir Henry Hoare, Sir George Arthur, Sir William Gordon Cumming, General and Mrs. Wilkinson, Colonel and Mrs. Chaine, Colonel Arthur Paget, Colonel H. M. Hozier, the Provost of St. Ninian's, Major Finch, Major Candy, Colonel Lloyd, Captain and Mrs. Stewart, Mr. and Mrs. Hay Drummond, Captain and Mrs. Lloyd, Mr. William Gillett, Mr. Hulse, M.P., and Mrs. Hulse, Captain Lumley, Captain Barrow, Major Anstruther, Mrs. Hwfa Williams, Mr. Arthur Hay, Mr. Raglan Somerset, Mr. and Mrs. George Cavendish Bentinck, Mrs. Villiers, Mr. Henry Petre, Mrs. Keighley, Mrs. E. Balfour and Miss Balfour and Miss Ellice, Mrs. Dick Cunynghame and Miss A. M'Gregor, Rev. C. Weidemann, Miss Balfour and Miss E. Balfour, Mrs. and Miss Halford, Mr. and Mrs. Toler, Mrs. and Miss Townley, Rev. Dr. M'Ewan, Mr. A. F. Levita, Mr. F. Stephens, Mrs. and Miss Leigh, Mr. and Mrs. George Forbes and Miss Forbes, Mrs. Luke Wheeler, Mrs. J. Beerbohm, Dr. and Mrs. W. M. Collins, Mrs. and Miss Orde, Mrs. Murray, Miss Glyn, Mrs. Godfrey Pearse, Mr. Balfour, Mr. Leopold Goldberg, Mr. and Miss Oswa d [Oswald], Mr. and Mrs. C. Bulteel, Mrs. Brydges Wyllyams, Mr. H. Balfour, the Misses Codrington, Miss Finch, Mrs. Barron and Miss Sullivan, Mr. Hamilton Aidé, Mr. Granville and Miss Berkeley, Mr. M'Gregor, Mrs. and Miss Needham, Mr. and Mrs. A. Consett and Miss Consett, Mrs. Herbert Naylor LeyIand, Mr. and Mrs. A. Darby, Mrs. Montefiore, Mrs. Charles Murray and Miss Murray, Mrs. Thomas Legh, the Rev. John F. Mitchell, Mr. and Mrs. Claud Hay, Mr. Fiztalan Manners, Mr. Albert Stopford, Mr. Hervey Pechell, and Mr. and Mrs. Charles Orde.

Later in the day Count Alexander Münster and his bride left for Hillingdon Court, Uxbridge, the residence of the Hon. A. Mills, where they will pass the early days of the honeymoon, and then proceed to Chàlet Sans Souci, Bellaggio, Lake of Como, lent by Mr. Hervey Pechell. They will afterwards go to Wiesbaden, and thence to Count Münster's German country seat, where a great reception awaits them.

The wedding presents were very numerous. Count Munster presented the bride with a diamond necklace and pair of diamond drop hairpins. The bridegroom's gifts to his bride included a tiara of three diamond stars, a brooch formed of an emerald of unusual size set in diamonds, large pearl pendant, gold bracelet set with turquoises, and diamond and turquoise ring. The Duke of Beaufort presented Lady Muriel with an emerald and diamond bracelet. The Earl and Countess of Kinnoull's presents included a quantity of plate and other articles. Prince Henry of Battenberg sent a large silver-mounted claret jug; Count Bismarck, a silver box; the Marchioness of Waterford, gold snake bracelet, with pearl head and ruby eyes; the Duke and Duchess of Athole, diamond &quot;M&quot; bangle; Lady Ermyntrude Malet, massive silver bowl; Countess Marie Münster, silver tea set and tray; Baron E. Fürstenberg, pair of gold-mounted claret jugs; Baron and Baroness Erlanger, large silver bowl; Baron and Baroness Gungberg, pair of antique silver mounted jugs.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Marriage of Count Alexander Münster and Lady Muriel Hay.&quot; ''Morning Post'' 4 June 1890, Wednesday: 7 [of 12], Col. 7a–c [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000174/18900604/064/0007. Same print title and p.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

===4 June 1890, Wednesday===
Derby Day.

According to the Morning Post, &lt;quote&gt;Lady Thurlow's first dance. / Mrs. Coddington's Ball. / The Fourth of June celebration at Eton. / ... Royal Society of Literature — Paper on &quot;Early England,&quot; by Mr. Carmichael, S. &lt;/quote&gt; (&quot;Arrangements for This Day.&quot; The Morning Post Wednesday, 4 June 1890: p. 7 [of 12], Col. 6A).

===13 June 1890, Friday===
? or on the 12th? Arnold Dolmetsch had a concert at which his students performed (Campbell 31). It was reviewed very positively in the 13 June Daily Graphic, especially Helene Dolmetsch's performance. They did Purcell's Fairy Queen. They used a harpsichord.

===26 June 1890, Thursday===
There was apparently a regular celebration of [[Social Victorians/People/Arthur Collins|Arthur Collins]]' birthday, 26 June, by Bret Harte, George Du Maurier, [[Social Victorians/People/Arthur Sullivan|Arthur Sullivan]], Alfred Cellier, Arthur Blunt, and John Hare (Nissen, Axel. Brent Harte: Prince and Pauper: 239. [http://books.google.com/books?id=WEDewmUnapcC]). Choosing 1885–1902 as the dates because those apparently are the dates of the close relationship between Harte and Collins, ending in Harte's death in 1902.

==July 1890==
===3 July 1890, Thursday===
&lt;blockquote&gt;On July 3, 1890, Besant’s house at 19 Avenue Road, St. John’s Wood, was inaugurated as a new center of Theosophical work, serving as the European headquarters of the [[Social Victorians/Theosophical Society|Theosophical Society]] and as HPB’s residence. That house became also the meeting place of HPB’s Inner Group, twelve of her students who were eager for more intense training than was feasible in a larger, more general gathering.&lt;/blockquote&gt;That Inner Group is different from the Esoteric Section.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Esoteric World Chapter 23.&quot; ''The Theosophical Society of America, Online Resources''. http://www.theosophical.org/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;catid=23&amp;id=1725&amp;Itemid=53&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;The hall had a seating capacity of about 200. On the opening night [July 3, 1890] [sic] the room was crammed, and many were unable to gain admission. The speakers were Mrs. Besant, Mr. Sinnett, a Mrs. Woolff (of America), and Mr. [Bertram] Keightley. HPB was present but said nothing, on account of the critical state of her health.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;23a. Henry S. Olcott, July 1890, London [Olcott 1931, 4:254–6].&quot; Esoteric World Chapter 23. ''The Theosophical Society of America, Online Resources''. http://www.theosophical.org/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;catid=23&amp;id=1725&amp;Itemid=53.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

=== 4 July 1890, Friday, 11 p.m. ===

==== The Queen's State Ball at Buckingham Palace ====
The Prince and Princess of Wales were hosts of this ball, as Queen Victoria was not present. Many of the Queen's children and their spouses were present.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;State Ball at Buckingham Palace.&quot; ''Morning Post'' 5 July 1890, Saturday: 5 [of 8], Col. 5a–7b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000174/18900705/038/0005. Same print title and p.&lt;/ref&gt; The dancing commenced shortly after the Prince and Princess of Wales arrived at 11:00.

=== 1890 July 15, Tuesday ===

==== Garden Party at Marlborough House to Meet the Queen ====
The beginning of the ''Morning Post'' article, which is followed by a very long list of people invited:&lt;blockquote&gt;Their Royal Highnesses the Prince and Princess of Wales gave a garden party at Marlborough House yesterday afternoon to meet the Queen.

Her Majesty was accompanied by their Royal Highnesses the Princesses Victoria and Margaret of Prussia, and was attended by the Duchess of Roxburghe, Miss M'Neill, the Hon. Evelyn Moore, the Hon. Bertha Lambert, and Major-General Sir Henry Ewart and Major F. A. Bigge. Madlle. De Perpigna was in attendance on the Princesses Victoria and Margaret.

The following were present: — Their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of Edinburgh and Prince Alfred, and the Princesses Marie, Victoria, Alexandra, and Beatrice of Edinburgh; their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of Connaught and Prince Arthur, and the Princesses Margaret and Patricia of Connaught; their Royal Highnesses the Prince and Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein Sonderburg-Augustenburg and Princess Victoria and Princess Louisa of Schleswig-Holstein, her Royal Highness the Princess Louise, Marchioness of Lorne, and the Marquis of Lorne.

Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Albany, her Royal Highness the Princess Frederica and the Baron von Pawell-Rammingen, his Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge, her Royal Highness Princess Mary Adelaide Duchess of Teck and his Highness the Duke of Teck and Princess Victoria of Teck, his Royal Highness the Duke d'Orleans and Princess Hélène d'Orleans, his Imperial Highness Don Pedro Augustus of Coburg and Braganza, his Serene Highness the Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe, his Serene Highness the Prince of Leiningen and their Serene Highnesses Prince and Princess Victor of Hohenlohe-Langenburg and the Countesses Gleichen, and Count Gleichen.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Garden Party at Marlborough House.&quot; ''Morning Post'' 15 July 1890, Tuesday: 5 [of 8], Col. 3a–7c [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000174/18900715/044/0005. Same print title and p.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

=== 19 July 1890, Saturday ===

==== Wedding of James Francis Harry St. Clair-Erskine and Violet Aline Vyner ====
This report from the ''Fife Free Press'' is missing a big piece of the 2nd paragraph, where the bridesmaids' and bride's dresses are described, because the page was damaged. The digitized copy is also generally poor.&lt;blockquote&gt;On Saturday forenoon, in Michael’s Church, Chester Square, London, was celebrated the marriage of Lord Loughhorough, eldest son of the Earl of Rosslyn with Miss Violet Aline Vyner, younger daughter of Mr R. C. Vyner, of Fairfield, Yorkshire. The chancel was beautifully decorated with palms and a profusion of lilies most artistically arranged. The Prince of Wales, Duke of Cambridge. Princess Mary Adelaide, Duchess and the Duke of Teck, and Princess Victoria, and the Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone were among those present.

The wedding party began to arrive at 11 o’clock, the bridesmaids being early in attendance. They were the Ladies Sybil and Angela St Clair Erskine, sisters of the bridegroom; Lady Anne Lambton, Miss Musgrave, Miss Rachel Gurney, and Miss Fleming. They were charmingly dressed in soft cream crepon, with violet velvet Zoave jackets, forming half sleeves and capes at the back, and pretty turn-down collars and cravats of white mosseline [mousseline?] chiffon, and the skirts were very plainly made. They wore large white hats lined with a band of violet velvet near the face, and trimmed on the crown with white ostrich plumes, a bunch of violets fastening the brim at the back. Each wore a brooch — the St Clair cross in rubies and diamonds set in a circle of the latter, and surmounted by a baron’s cornet of the same precious stones — the gift of the bri[degroom]; and carried a bouquet of Marechal Niel [roses?] ...ging sprays of the same, and tied w... ribbons. The bride entered the ... eleven o’clock, being received at ... father, who led her to the cha... her away. The service be... procession was preceded up ... choir, who sang &quot;The voic...&quot; The bride’s dress was ... with a long court train, ... white velvet being embro... ...und the train, and fasten... ...ver true lover’s knot. The picture... ...gh silver waistband, had full slee... mousseline chiffon; and a small ... blossoms was most becomingly arra... with a long tulle veil. The Earl of Chesterfield discharged the duties of best man.

The Rev. Canon Fleming, Chaplain in Ordinary to the Queen and Vicar of St Michael's, performed the marriage rite, assisted by the Rev. Edgar Sheppard, Sub-Dean of the Chapels Royal, and the Rev. J. Thomson, of Rosslyn, near Edinburgh. The hymn “Thine for ever! For of love,” was sung the end of the service. Canon Fleming afterwards delivered a most impressive address. After the benediction the clergy and bride and bridegroom passed to the vestry, the Prince of Wales following with Mrs Vyner. Pretty wedding favours of orange blossoms, Parma violets, and white heather were then distributed amongst the congregation.

Mr and Mrs Vyner afterwards welcomed the wedding party at Ashburnham House, Dover-street. The ''dejeuner'' was served in three rooms, one being reserved for the bride and bridegroom and the Royal party. The table in the latter room was decorated with several of Mr Vynet's racing trophies. The band of the Grenadier Guards performed in the garden during the reception. The Prince of Wales, Duke of Cambridge, the Duke and Duchess of Teck and Princess Victoria were present at the breakfast, and among the general company were Count Munster and Countess Maria Munster, the Marchese and Marchesa de Montagliari, the Marquis and Marchioness of Ripon, the Marquis and Marchioness of Stafford, the Marquis of Cholmondeley, the Marquis of Northampton, Maria Marchioness of Ailesbury, the Dowager Marchioness of Conyngham and Lady Blanche Conyngham, the Marchioness of Downshire, the Countess of Rosslyn, Earl and Countess Compton, the Earl of Feversham, the Earl of Durham, the Countess of Coventry and the Ladies Coventry, Countess Howe and Ladies Curzon, the Countess of Yarborough, the Earl of Clonmell, the Earl and Countess of Loudoun, the Countess of Kilmorey, Countess de Grey, Viscount Molyneux, the Bishop of Gibraltar and Mrs Sandford, Viscountess de Labrosse and Mdles. de Labrosse, Lord Greenock, Lord and Lady Algernon Lennox, Lady Lilian Wemyss, Lady Julia Wombwell and Miss Wombwell, Hon. Lady Campbell of Blythswood, Lady Constance Harris, Lady Florence Harris, Lord and Lady Burghley, Lady Dorchester, Lord Houghton, Lady Curzon, Lady Brougham and Vaux and Miss Musgrave, Baron de Hirsch, Helen Lady Forbes and the Misses Forbes, Baroness Burdett Coutts and Mr Burdett Coutts, M.P., Lady Astley, Lord and Lady William Nevill, Lord and Lady Brooke and Hon. Leopold and Hon. Marjorie Greville, Lady Dalton Fitzgerald and Miss Payne, Lord Elcho, Lady Willoughby de Eresby and the Misses Willoughby, Lady Ewart, Lady Hindlip, Lady Cecilia Rose, Lord Rowton, Lord Capell, Lady Mabel Compton, Lord and Lady Herries, Lady Sykes, Lord and Lady Alwyne Compton, Lady Ventry and Hon. Miss de Moleyns, Hon. Lady Knollys, Lady Manners, Hon. Lady Drummond and Misses Drummond, Hon. Sydney Greville, Hon. Assheton Harbord, Hon. Derek Keppel, Hon. Captain Bourke, Hon. Mrs Percy Mitford, Hon. Philip Harbord, Hon. and Rev. L. Tyrwhitt, Hon. Coralie Glyn, Hon. M. Lambton, Hon L. Greville, Hon. Alwyn Greville, Hon[.] Eva Greville, Hon. Frances Dawnay, Hon Evelyn Paget, Hon Mrs Algernon Grosvcnor, Hon and Mrs Lambton. Hon. Mrs Evelyn Pelham, Hon. Fitzroy St Clair Erskine, [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Hon. Mrs Algernon Bourke]], Hon. W. Maxwell, Hon. G. and Mrs Dawnay, Hon. Captain Lambton, General Sir Seymour Blane, Sir William Gordon Cumming, Sir Archibald and Miss Edmunstone, Sir Henry and Lady Meysey Thompson, Mrs Gladstone, Mr and Lady Margaret Cameron, Mr and Lady Florence Astley, Mr and Lady Elizabeth Melville Cartwright and Miss Melville Cartwright, General and Mrs Duff and Miss Duff, General Owen Williams, Colonel and Mrs Anstruther Thompson, Colonel Stopford Sackville, Colonel Craig, Colonel Brabazon, Colonel Forester, Colonel Stanley Clarke (in attendance on the Prince of Wales) and Miss Clarke, Major Davidson, Canon and Mrs Fleming, Captain St John Mildmay (in attendance on the Duke of Cambridge), Captain and Mrs FitzGeorge, Mrs William Portal, the Sub Dean of the Chapels Royal, Rev. W. M. and Mrs Wollaston, Rev. R. West, Mr and Miss Chamberlain. Mr and Mrs W. H. Grenfell, Mr Christopher Sykes, M.P., Mr Reuben Sassoon, Mr Arthur Sassoon, Mrs Bischoffsheim, Mr and Mrs Herbert Naylor Leyland, Dr and Mrs Anderson, Mrs Oswald, Mr and Mrs Surtees, Mr Fitzgerald, Mr and Mrs Menzies, Miss Willoughby and Miss Gertrude Willoughby, Mr Arthur Paget, Miss Christie, Mr Dowdall, Mrs Eastwood and the Misses Eastwood, Mr Frederick Warre, Mr William Williamson, Mrs Burton, Mrs Chaine, Captain and Mrs Livesey Wardle, Captain A. R. Hill, Miss Helby, Mrs and Miss Winslow, Mr and Miss Oswald, Mr Willoughby, Mr Quintin Hume, Mr F and Miss Fitzherbert, Mrs and Miss F. Hotham, Mr and Mrs Moreton Frewin, Mrs Charles Otway, Mr Calcraft, Mr Watson, Mr Fennick, Mr Montgomery, Mr Cecil Murray, Mr and Mrs Sneyd, Mr Leslie Stephen, Mr Edgar Sebright, Miss Fleetwood Wilson, Mrs and Miss Farmer of Nonsuch, Mr and Mrs Dennistoun and Miss Dennistoun, Mr and Mrs J. R. Lane Fox and Miss Lane Fox, &amp;c. 

The bride and bridegroom left early in the afternoon for Easton Lodge, Dunmow, the seat of Lord and Lady Brooke, in Essex, where they will spend the honeymoon. The bride travelled in a costume of biscuit coloured armure silk, the top of the bodice and sleeves being of pale pink mousseline de soie, and the lower part of the former inserted with pink velvet ribbons to form a high band, Tuscan straw-hat trimmed with pink crepe de chine, and biscuit feathers. The presents exceeded four hundred in number. The Prince of Wales presented the bride with a trefoil moonstone and diamond brooch and the bridegroom with a sapphire and diamond pin. The Princess of Wales's gift the bridegroom was a silver-necked claret jug. The Duke of Cambridge gave an amethyst and diamond pendant, and the bridegroom a pair of silver gilt candlesticks; and Princess Mary and the Duke of Teck presented the bride with a silver sugar basin. The bridegroom’s gifts to the bride were a diamond and sapphire watch bracelet, a diamond half-hoop ring, diamond brooch with pearl centre, diamond and turquoise brooch, formed of the St Clair badge in rubies and diamonds set in a circle of diamonds, surmounted by a baron’s coronet in the same precious stones, a large salts bottle with two heart-shaped moonstones set with rubies and diamonds and a silver sugar basin. The bride presented Lord Loughborough with a turquoise and diamond stud. The Earl of Rosslyn presented the bride with diamond necklet. The Countess of Rosslyn’s gifts were diamond orchid brooch and a pink feather fan. Mr R. C. Vyner’s gifts to his daughter were a diamond and pearl tiara and gold mounted dressing case, and Mrs Vyner gave her a sapphire and diamond ring. The Marchioness of Stafford gave a ruby and diamond pin; Lady Mary Vyner antique diamond tiara; the Ladies Angela and Sybil Erskine sapphire and diamond bracelet; Hon. Fitzroy St Clair Erskine with &quot;1890&quot; in rubies and diamonds; Lord and Lady A. Compton large diamond star; the Earl of Rosslyn presented his son with a large silver bowl and two silver dishes; the Countess of Rosslyn's present was a travelling bag; Mr Vyner gave him a luncheon basket; Mrs Vyner a silver ''entree'' dish; the Marchioness of Stafford case containing silver coffee and tea pots, urn and stand, sugar basin, and cream jug; Lord and Lady Brooke four antique silver sauce boats; Lord and Lady Algernon Gordon ['''Col. 1c–2a'''] Lennox three antique silver ''entree'' dishes. The Earl of Rosslyn's Fifeshire tenants presented Lord Loughborough with a beautiful antique silver bowl, two antique silver dessert dishes, and two antique sugar castors; and to the bride they gave an antique silver tea service. The congregation of Rosslyn Chapel presented the bridegroom with a complete and elegant writing set, whilst Lord Rosslyn's servants gave him a silver inkstand and pair of silver candlesticks. Mr Vyner's servants presented the bride with a silver salver and six ''liqueur'' cups. The servants of Newby Hall gave a silver coffee pot, and Mr Vyner’s Cheshire tenants presented a case containing silver tea pot, sugar basin, and cream jug. The bride also received from the Duchess of Portland a travelling bag; the Duchess de Luynes, sapphire and diamond ring; the Duke of Westminister, Indian necklace; the Marquis of Northampton, diamond bracelet; the Marquis of Ripon, sapphire and diamond bracelet; the Marchioness of Ripon, turquoise and diamond bangle, the Earl of Durham, a diamond half hoop bracelet; Earl and Countess Cowper, a diamond &quot;V V” brooch; Dowager Viscountess Downe, moonstone and diamond crescent; Lady Skyes [Sykes] ruby and diamond fish brooch; Lady Millbank, sapphire and diamond brooch Lord Douglas Compton, double heart brooch; Lord Herbert Vane Tempest, gold curb chain bracelet set with pearls; Earl and Countess Compton, bangle with “Vi” and “good luck” on it; the Duke and Duchess of St Albans, tea service with table; the Marchioness Conyngham, silver cream jug; the Marchioness of Tavistock, silver vase; the Countess of Rodin, a silver I bowl; the Countess of Yarborough, silver candlesticks; Viscountess Downe, silver tea caddie; Lady de Trafford, gold mounted salts bottle; the Hon. F. Dawnay, large silver candlesticks[;] Hon. F and Lady Lampton, travelling clock; Hon. W. Lambton, silver candlesticks; Sir R. and Lady Graham, silver salver; Sir Roderick and Miss Cameron, two silver dishes; General Williams, diamond bangle; Colonel and Mrs G. FitzGeorge, gold mounted bottle; Major and Mrs Egerton, pair of silver candlesticks; Major Stuart Wortley, diamond Swallow; Major Davidson, heart-shaped brooch in coral and diamonds; Captain and Lady Cecilia Rose, a brougham; Mr Beaumont, silver bowl; Miss Edmonstone, moonstone and diamond hat pins; Mrs Harris, sapphire and diamond bracelet; Mr Egerton, turquoise and diamond brooch; Sir Cecil Murray, sapphire and diamond pin; Mr A. Farquharson, diamond swallow brooch; Mr and Mrs Hulse, two small silver vases; Miss Fleetwood Wilson, diamond bangle; Mrs A. Wilson, tortoiseshell candlestick; Mr Quintin Hume, salts bottle mounted with diamonds and rubies; Miss Helbert, gold violet pin; Mr Chamberlain, pair of silver candlesticks; Hon. Arthur Coventry, gold mounted bottle with &quot;Vi&quot; in diamonds; Mrs Leopold de Rothschild, diamond hand brooch, together with a number of other gifts. Among the presents to the bridegroom were — from the Marchioness of Downshire, antique silver sugar sifter; the Marquis of Exeter, silver sandwich case; the Marchioness of Bath, antique Dutch silver box; the Marquis of Downshire, a gold pencil; Count Munster, cigarette case and match box; Count Alexander Munster, a hunting flask; the Countess of Lindsay, antique silver pen-tray; the Earl of Mar and Kellie, silver matchbox; the Earl and Countess of Loudoun, silver cigarette box; the Earl of Chesterfield, antique silver gilt inkstand; the Countess of Bradford, gold seal with agate; the Countess of Warwick, antique silver bowl; the Earl of Coventry, silver pen-tray; the Countess of Wharncliffe, two silver candlesticks; the Earl and Countess of Cromartie, two antique silver cups; Viscountess of Newport, silver paper knife; Mr and Mrs A. Sassoon, ruby and diamond pin; Lord John Cecil, silver salver; Lord and Lady Willoughby de Eresby, antique silver-mounted cruet stand; Lord William Nevtll, antique brandy carrier; Lady Margaret Spicer, silver match box; Lord Burghley, four silver salt cellars and spoons; Baron de Hirch [Hirsch?], silver inkstand; Lady W. E. Osborne Elphinstone, silver inkstand; Lord Kesteven, silver cream jug; Lord Capell, silver cigarette case; Lord and Lady Gerard, tortoiseshell and silver travelling clock; Lady Lilian Wemyss, silver cigarette case; Dad Alwyne Compton, umbrella containing matchbox and whistle; Lord and Lady Lennox, two antique silver ''entree'' dishes and bacon dish; Lord Burghersh, silver cigarette lighter; Lady Angela 8t Clair Erskine, four silver salt cellars; Lady Randolph Churchill, gold pencil case, with two sapphires; Lord Houghton, antique gold basket; Lady Sybil St Clair Erskine, umbrella; Lord and Lady Dorchester, large crystal seal; Hon. Derek P. Keppel, pair of silver candlesticks; Hon. E. and Mrs Pelham, silver inkstand; Hon. G. N. Curzon, silver gilt bowl; Hon. F. St Clair Erskine, four silver candle-sticks; [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Hon. A. and Mrs Bourke]], four small silver dessert dishes; Hon. Mrs Elliot Yorke, pair of silver candlesticks; Hon. Mr and Mrs L. Greville, tortoise-shell and silver box; Hon. R Somerset, diamond and pearl pin; Hon. G. H. Willoughby, silver ink-stand; Hon. H. and Mrs Grosvenor, umbrella; [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Hon. Mrs Algernon Bourke]], enamel and diamond pin; Captain Hon. Maurice Bourke, cigarette case and lighter; Hon. W. Maxwell, silver-backed clothes and hat brushes; Hon. Sidney Greville, saltspoons; Hon. M. C. Maxwell Scott, two silver ''menu'' plates; Hon. W. Edwardes, pin; [[Social Victorians/People/Greville|Captain Hon. A.]] and [[Social Victorians/People/Lady Violet Greville|Mrs Greville]], silver gilt bowl, fork, spoon, and ladle; Sir Frederick Milner, diamond and moonstone pin; Sir George Chetwynd, two long silver flagons; Sir M. and Lady Fitzgerald, two silver saltspoons; Sir N. Gordon Gumming, silver-handled paper knife, &amp;c.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Marriage of Lord Loughborough with Miss Vyner.&quot; ''Fife Free Press'' 26 July 1890, Saturday: 2 [of 8], Col. 1a–2b [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001110/18900726/015/0002. Same print title and p.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;/blockquote&gt;

=== 24 July 1890, Thursday ===

==== Dinner and Dance Hosted by Lord Alington ====
Perhaps the date on this is uncertain, since the article in ''Truth'' would suggest it was held in late May or early June. The newspaper story in the ''Queen'' mentions another occasion in which the flowers were notable as well.

From ''Truth'':&lt;blockquote&gt;
But not a quarter of a mile distant [from a dinner and dance hosted by Lord Rothschild featuring Princess Louise and the Marquis of Lorne] a more important event was proceeding, for Lord Alington, having previously walked down the Row and invited his friends right and left to Alington House, South Audley-street, proceeded to give a dance which was honoured by the presence of the Prince and Princess of Wales, the Princesses Victoria and Maud, the Duke of Clarence, Princess Mary Adelaide, and Princess &quot;May&quot; and Prince and Princess Christian. This without exaggeration, with the exception of Lady Leconfield's, Lady Willoughby de Eresby's, and Lady Cadogan's, was the best ball hitherto given this season, and the prolific way ortolans [small songbirds regarded as a delicacy] were distributed at supper will long linger in the memories of those by whom these delicacies are cherished. One lady displayed her enthusiastic appreciation by devouring five of these, and it is to be hoped her devotion did not endanger her life. As for beauty, seldom before have so many pre-eminent for good looks been present at one gathering, as a mere enumeration of a few of these will prove. Of course the Duchess of Leinster heads the list, followed in quick succession by the Duchess of Portland, Lady de Grey, Lady Randolph Churchill, Lady Dudley, Lady Kilmorey, Lady Brooke, Lady de Trafford, Lady Helen Duncombe, Lady Hilda Dundas, Lady Sybil St. Clair Erskine, Lady Olivia Taylour, Miss Rachael Gurney, Lady Cardross, Miss Bourke, Lady Rose Leigh and her sister-in-law, Miss Leigh, Miss Berens (sister to Lady Cairns), Mrs. Ralph Sneyd, Lady Gerard, and a host of others far too numerous to mention. I often wonder that no painter has yet attempted to give us in one picture a permanent record of the chief beauties of our day. It would make a most interesting and exquisite group of lovely women, such as could not be found probably in any other country than this.&lt;ref&gt;Marmaduke, pseud. &quot;Letters from the Linkman.&quot; ''Truth'' 12 June 1890, Thursday: 26 [of 56], Col. 1a–b [of 2]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002961/18900612/064/0026. Same print title, p. 1212.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
From the ''Queen'':&lt;blockquote&gt;The P&lt;small&gt;RINCE AND&lt;/small&gt; P&lt;small&gt;RINCESS OF&lt;/small&gt; W&lt;small&gt;ALES&lt;/small&gt; and the Princesses Victoria and Maud honoured L&lt;small&gt;ORD&lt;/small&gt; A&lt;small&gt;LINGTON&lt;/small&gt; by their presence at D&lt;small&gt;INNER&lt;/small&gt;, at A&lt;small&gt;LINGTON&lt;/small&gt; H&lt;small&gt;OUSE&lt;/small&gt;, South Audley-street, on the 24th ult., when a distinguished party was present to meet them, including, among others, the Duke and Duchess of Leinster, the Marquis of Hartington, the Marquis and Marchioness of Ormonde, Maria Marchioness of Ailesbury, Earl and Countess Cadogan and Lady Emily Cadogan, the Earl Countess of Lucan and Lady Rosaline Bingham, the Earl  of Hardwicke, the Countess of Dudley and Lady Edith Ward, the EarI of Chesterfield, the Earl of Stradbroke and Lady Hilda Rous, and Earl Annesley. Covers were laid for sixty. Lord Alington afterwards gave a dance to meet the Prince and Princess of Wales and their daughters. As on the previous occasion, the floral decorations were exquisite. The entrance hall and the approaches to the reception rooms were decorated with tall palms and a profusion of lilies, pelargoniums, ferns in every variety, and roses in every imaginable shade. The conservatories at the back were carpeted and furnished luxuriously, and blocks of ice, lighted by fairy lamps, were placed about with artistic effect, serving to keep the atmosphere cool and fresh. Feathery palms, hydrangeos [hydrangeas] and arums were here used freely, and a particularly pretty result was obtained by the windows being framed, one in a fringe of ferns and red pelargoniums, and the other in ferns and fuschias. The ballroom fireplaces were adorned on each side with palms reaching to the ceiling, the mantelpieces being hidden by a delicate arrangement of roses in various shades springing from banks of hydrangeas, calceolarias, pelargoniums, and marguerites, and the walls of the staircase leading from the conservatory to the ball-room were hung with half-balls of floral roses. The supper was served in the dining-room, the tables being embellished with the loveliest orchids and roses of the most delicate tints, intermixed with pancretia; the arrangement was so light and elegant that it was difficult to believe that hands had ever touched the flowers. On those tables with silver candelabra in the centre, the flowers were all pure white, and those having gold candelabra were treated with mauve orchids and the palest pink and yellow roses. A tent, arranged near the conservatory for the Prince of Wales, was draped with Oriental hangings, and outside were groups of flowers and myriads of fairy lamps. The company began to arrive at eleven o'clock, when dancing commenced to the strains of the Blue Hungarian Band. The Princess of Wales was dressed in white striped satin and silk, the front being embroidered in pale shades, and wore handsome diamond ornaments. The Princesses Victoria and Maud wore white tulle over satin, the front being sprinkled all over with tiny sprays of lilies of the valley, each laid on a single leaf. The Duchess of Wellington was in black satin, with a pink sash arranged very prettily across the back of the bodice, and falling to the feet; a cluster of pink flowers and a beautiful diamond spray were fastened in the front of the bodicea and a diamond rivière was arranged in the hair, a diamond necklace being also worn. The Duchess of Westminster was in white satin trimmed with gold embroidery, and veiled in white chiffon. The Marchioness of Ormonde wore white striped brocade and satin trimmed with white lace, and a splendid diamond tiara and other ornaments. Countess de Grey, palest blue satin, with front beautifully embroidered in beads, and a diamond and pearl coronet. Maria, Marchioness of Ailesbury, white brocade and lace, with splendid diamond and emerald ornaments. The Marchioness of Bath, cream an violet brocaded velvet, the front being covered with mauve [38, Col. 3c – 39, Col. 1a] violets. Lady Mary Mills, rose-pink satin, with front richly embroidered; Lady Cardross, white satin, trimmed round the bodice and train with silver embroidery; Lady William Nevill, pale yellow brocade, the front veiled with black net, trimmed up the side with jet leaves, and all round the skirt was a bordering of Maréchal Niel roses, over a flounce of black net; Countess Granville wore rich white brocade and beautiful jewels; the Countess of Sefton, black satin and diamonds; Viscountess Dungan, white mousseline de soie, the skirt edged with a deep flounce; Lady Brooke, pale blue satin, trimmed with silver; Lady Emma Crichton, white satin train, with front of white lisse, prettily embroidered in red; Lady Idina Brassey, pale mauve bengaline, with front of chiffon and a handsome diamon coronet; Lady Rose Molyneux, white cross crêpe de Chine, with a pale green sash, and prettily trimmed with pink roses; Lady Wimborne, pale grey satin; the Hon. Miss Guest, pink satin, veiled with white net, sparkling with silver; Lady Sarah Spencer Churchill, white satin, with a chiffon frill; Lady Chesham, white silk, with pink roses; the Countess of Normanton, pale grey satin, with front of fine old lace; Mrs Hulse, handsome white brocade, diamond tiara, &amp;c.; Mrs Bischoffsheim, white silk, embroidered with silver, and trimmed round the bottom of the skirt and train with a ruche of pale yellow crèpe; the Hon. Muriel Brassey, white chiffon, over satin, slightly trimmed with pink; and the [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Hon. Mrs Algernon Bourke]] was in pink, with magnificent diamonds.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Entertainments, Balls, &amp;c.&quot; ''The Queen'' 2 August 1890, Saturday: 38, Col. 3c – 39 [of 82], Col. 1a–1c [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/BL/0002627/18900802/237/0038 and https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002627/18900802/237/0039. Print: ''The Queen, The Lady's Newspaper'', pp. 170–171.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;This is the story from the ''Morning Post'':&lt;blockquote&gt;The Prince and Princess of Wales and the Princesses Victoria and Maud honoured Lord Alington by their company at dinner last evening at Alington House, South Audley-street. The guests present to meet their Royal Highnesses comprised the Duke and Duchess of Leinster, the Marquis of Hartington, the Marquis and Marchioness of Ormonde, Maria Marchioness of Ailesbury, Earl and Countess Cadogan and Lady Emily Cadogan, the Earl and Countess of Lucan and Lady Rosaline Bingham, the Earl of Hardwicke, the Countess of Dudley and Lady Edith Ward, the Earl of Chesterfield, Earl Annesley, the Earl of Stradbroke and Lady Hilda Rous, Lord and Lady Gerard, Lady Norreys, Lord Rowton, Lord Calthorpe, Lord Frederick Hamilton, Lord Charles Montagu, Lord Herbert Vane Tempest, Lord Arthur Grosvenor, Lady Lilian Wemyss, Colonel the Hon. Oliver Montagu, Sir John and Lady Lister Kaye, the Hon. Humphrey and Lady Feodore Sturt, the Hon. John Baring, the Hon. Henry and the Hon. Julia Stonor, the Hon. Gilbert Willoughby, Lady Suffield and Major-General Ellis, in waiting on the Prince and Princess of Wales; Sir Henry Calcraft, Mr. and Lady Rose Leigh, General and Mrs. Owen Williams, Mr. Mildmay, M.P., Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Sassoon, Mr. Montague Guest, Captain Orr-Ewing, Mrs. Bulkeley, Mr. Ricardo, and Mr. Caryl Craven.

Lord Alington afterwards gave a dance expressly to meet the Prince and Princess of Wales.

Among the company were— The Russian Ambassador, the Danish Minister, Prince Louis Esterhazy, Comte Costa de Beaunyardt, the Duchess of Buccleuch and Lady Evelyn Fitzmaurice, the Duchess of Westminster, the Dowager Duchess of Marlborough and Lady Sarah Spencer Churchill, the Duchess of Wellington and Lady Cardross, the Marquis and Marchioness of Granby and Miss Bourke, the Marchioness of Stafford and Lady Sybil St. Clair Erskine, the Marchioness of Bath and Lady Beatrice Thynne, the Marquis of Cholmondeley, the Marquese and Marquesa de Santurce and Lady Wilham Nevill, Countess Spencer, Countess Granville and Lady Victoria Leveson-Gower, Countess de Grey, the Earl of Dunraven, the Countess of Lathom and Lady Edith Wilbraham, the Countess of Enniskillen and Lady Christian Cole, the Earl of Ilchester, the Earl of Durham and Lady Anne Lambton, the Earl of Dalkeith and Lord Ernest Scott, the Countess of Sefton and Lady Rose Molyneux, Countess Howe and the Ladies Curzon, the Countess of Normanton and Lady Mary Agar and Miss Mary Liddell, Earl Craven, Viscount Clifden, Viscount Ennismore and Lady Beatrice Hare, Viscount Coke and the Hon. Violet White, Viscount and Viscountess Castlerosse and the Hon. Susan Baring, Viscountess Newport and the Hon. Miss Bruce, Viscount and Viscountess Melgund, Viscount and Viscountess Curzon, Viscount and Lady Violet Dangan and Lady Eva Wellesley, Viscount Dungarvan, Viscount Chelsea, Viscount Royston, Lady Hastings, Lord Capell, Lord and Lady Willoughby de Eresby and Hon. Margaret Willoughby, Lady Cloncurry and Hon. Miss Winn, Lord and Lady Brooke, Lady Wimborne and Hon. Miss Guest, Lord Sandhurst, Lord and Lady Edmund Talbot, Lord and Lady Alwyne Compton and Miss Gurney, Lord and Lady Chesham, Lady Rossmore and Miss Naylor, Lord Kenyon, Lord Garioch, Lady Alice Portal, Lady Margaret Levett and the Ladies Ashley, Lady W. Nevill, Lord Paulet, Lady Charles Beresford, Lady Forbes and Misses Forbes, Lady Claud Hamilton, Lord Carlow, Lady Mary Mills, Lord Lurgan, Lord Henry Vane Tempest, Lord and Lady Algernon Gordon Lennox, Lord Richard Nevill, the Hon. W. Coventry, the Hon. G. Joliffe, the Hon. Schomberg M'Donnell, the Hon. H. Coventry, Captain the Hon. E. Dawson, the Hon. Alistair and Mrs. Hay, the Hon. Mrs. Grosvenor, [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|the Hon. Algernon and Mrs. Bourke]], the Hon. F. Dawnay, the Hon. E. J. Mills, the Hon. A. Johnstone, the Hon. Claude Hay, the Hon. Sidney Greville, the Hon. Mr. Dundas and Lady Hilda Dundas, the Hon. Thomas and Lady Idina Brassey and the Hon. Muriel Brassey, the Hon. Mr. Mansfield, Colonel the Hon. Henry Byng and Miss Byng, the Hon. Mrs. Oliphant, the Hon. Mr. Harbord, the Right Hon. Henry Chaplin, M.P., the Hon. G. Somerset, Sir William Gordon Cumming, Sir George Arthur, Sir Hubert Miller, Sir Charles Forbes, Sir William and Lady Eden, Sir George Chetwynd, Sir Frederick Johnstone, Sir John D. Poynder, Colonel and Lady Emma Crichton, the Hon. Miss Harbord, Captain and Lady Jane Combe, Colonel Paget, Captain Williams, Captain Ford, Captain Doyle, Captain Hanbury, Captain Campbell, Captain Constable, Captain Kinloch, Captain Longfield, M. Gutmansthal, Mrs. Bingham, Mr. Guthrie, Mrs. Arthur Paget, Mrs. Charles Wilson and Miss Wilson, Mr. Hulse, M.P., and Mrs. Hulse, Mr. de Murrieta, Mrs. Bischoffsheim, Mr. Spencer Portal, Mr. and Mrs. Gerald Paget, Mr. Leigh and Miss Leigh, Mr. Percy Daniell, Mr. Lister, Mr. Frederick Vincent, Mr. Cazalet, Mr. Alfred de Rothschild, Mr. John Savile Lumley, Mr. and Mrs Leopold de Rothschild, Mr. and Mrs. Skeffington Smith and Miss Taylor, Mrs. George Cavendish Bentinck, Mr. Alfred Farquhar, [[Social Victorians/People/Fanny Ronalds|Mr. Reginald Ronalds]], Miss Alice Ellice, Mr. George Marjoribanks, Mr. Wyndham, Mr. Dugdale, Mr. Montagu, Mrs. Sneyd, Mr. Wynn, Mr. Edward Hamilton, Mr. Murray Guthrie, Mr. George Lambert, Mrs. Sanford, Miss Mabel Forbes. Mr. Herbert Magniac, Mr. Bailey, Mr. Milner, Mr. Charles Kindersley, Mr. Beaumont, Mr. Walter Hervey, Mr. H. Hoare, Mr. Foley, Mr. Scott Murray, Mr. Coventry, Mr. Bertie, Mr. Jarvis, Mr. Guthrie, Mr. George Cavendish Bentinck, Mr. E. Charteris, Mr. Cholmondeley, Mr. Oswald Magniac, Mr. Cecil Campbell, Mr. and Mrs. Henry Oppenheim, Mr. Peploe, Mr. A. Charteris, Mr. Seymour Gore, Mr. Robert Antrobus, Mr. Elliot, M. de Champs, Mr. Wombwell, Mr. Charles Hoare, M.P., and many others.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Lord Alington's Ball.&quot; ''Morning Post'' 25 July 1890, Friday: 3 [of 8], Col. 5 b–c [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000174/18900725/014/0003. Same print title and p.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

==August 1890==
===6 August 1890, Friday===

==== Beautiful Women ====
The ''Lancaster Observer and Morecambe Chronicle'' reprinted a story from ''Vanity Fair'' about &quot;Beautiful Women&quot;:&lt;blockquote&gt;Beautiful Women. — ''Vanity Fair'' asks what country in the world can show a more beautiful bevy of women than England? When Lady Helen Vincent, with her sister, Lady Cynthia Graham; when Lady Warwick with her sisters, the Duchess of Sutherland and Lady Westmorland; and when Lady Mar and Kellie, Lady de Trafford, Princess Pless, Lady de Gray[,] Lady Naylor-Leyland, the Duchess of Portland, Lady Alington, Lady Sophie Scott, Lady Chelsea, [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Lady Algernon Bourke]], Lady Henry Bentinck, Mrs. Willie Grenfell, Mrs. Rupert Beckett, Mrs. Arthur Paget, and Countess Clary are gathered together it is a sight to make an old man young; while Mrs. Gerard Leigh and her sister, Lady Yarborough, and Lady Powis, Lady Norreys, Mrs Farquharson, Mrs. Willie James, Lady Dalkeith, Mrs. Pretyman, Mrs. Gervase Beckett, Lady Rossmore, Lady Sarah Wilson, Lady Colebrook, Lady Hartopp, Mrs. Willie Walker, and Lady Milton are almost equally admired. The many pretty girls include Miss Enid and Miss Muriel Wilson, who still head the list of the unmarried beauties, Lady Beatrice Butler, Lady Alexandra Hamilton, Miss Kennard, Miss Madeline Bourke, and Miss Leila Crichton; while among the debutantes Lady Evelyn Crichton and Lady Vivian's daughters have had a great success, and Lady Alice Montagu, petite and charmingly pretty, has been so much admired. The daughters of Lady Gosford, Lady Verulam, Lady Leitrim, Lady Inchiquin, and Lady Grey have also been admired, as well as Lady Helen Stewart, Lady Katherine Scott, and Miss Chaplin.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Beautiful Women.&quot; ''Lancaster Observer and Morecambe Chronicle'' 6 August 1897, Friday: 2 [of 8], Col. 5b [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001804/18970806/023/0002. Same print title and p.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

===25 August 1890, Monday===
Summer Bank Holiday

==September 1890==
==October 1890==
===22 October 1890, Wednesday===
Arnold Dolmetsch went to the Reading Room (Campbell 22).

===25 October 1890, Saturday===
[[Social Victorians/Loder De Vere Beauclerk Wedding|Loder—De Vere Beauclerk Wedding]]

===31 October 1890, Friday===
Halloween.

==November 1890==
===5 November 1890, Wednesday===
Guy Fawkes Day
===19 November 1890, Wednesday===
Arnold Dolmetsch, with some of his students and his daughter Helene, provided musical illustrations for a lecture given by Dr. Frederick Bridge on &quot;Mozart as Teacher,&quot; probably at Gresham College, where Bridges was professor (Campbell 34).

===21 November 1890, Friday===
Dr. Frederick Bridge's last fall 1890 lecture at Gresham College, for which Dolmetsch provided illustration. Campbell says, &quot;it is, in fact, the first record in modern times of music by Byrd, Dr. Bull, Jenkins, Simpson, Lawes, Locke and Purcell being played 'on the instruments for which it was written'&quot; (Campbell 34).

===25 November 1890, Tuesday===
Arnold Dolmetsch got a three-month pass to the Reading Room and &quot;thereafter held yearly tickets until 1916&quot; (Campbell 22).

==== 1890 November 29, Saturday ====

===== [[Social Victorians/Dudley-Beckwith Wedding 1890-11-29|Wedding of Francis Dudley, Lord Leigh and Héléne Forbes Beckwith]] =====

==December 1890==
Sometimes in December 1890, [[Social Victorians/People/William Robert Woodman|William Woodman]], one of the founding members of the [[Social Victorians/Golden Dawn|Golden Dawn]], died (Gilbert 86 12).

=== 4 December 1890, Thursday ===

==== [[Mure-Portal Wedding 1890-12-04|Wedding of Miss Mure and Mr. S. J. Portal]] ====

===19 December 1890, Friday===
&quot;The eleventh annual ''Truth'' Toy Exhibition for the children in London hospitals, workhouses, and infirmaries was held at the Grosvenor Gallery, Bond-street, on Dec. 19 and 20. There are over 22,000 children in these institutions, and each of them has a separate toy, besides the large and more expensive toys which are presented for the general use of the inmates. A special feature of the show was the dolls dressed by lady readers of ''Truth''. Several special donations in connection with the fund have been made, the principal of which is that of 10,200 new sixpences sent for distribution by the same liberal donor who has given a similar present on former occasions; while Mr. Tom Smith has had specially made, and has forwarded for distribution, over 22,000 crackers; and Mr. Horniman (as stated in our last issue) has given to the adults in hospitals and workhouses 1200 packets of tea, to be given to them as Christmas boxes.&quot; (Illustrated London News (London, England), Saturday, December 27, 1890; pg. 806; Issue 2697, Col. B)

===20 December 1890, Saturday===
&quot;In order that the adults connected with the hospitals and workhouses may participate in the good things given to the children in the ''Truth'' toy distribution, Mr. F. J. Horniman, of Wormwood-street, City, has sent Mr. Labouchere 1200 packets of tea to be given to them as a Christmas box.&quot; (Illustrated London News (London, England), Saturday, December 20, 1890; pg. 774; Issue 2696, Col. B) 

From the ''Times'', 22 December 1890, &quot;The Late Sir Edgar Boehm&quot;: &lt;blockquote&gt;On Saturday, in accordance with the special request of the Queen, the late Sir Edgar Boehm, R.A., was buried in St. Paul’s Cathedral, in the south aisle of the crypt, the spot being known as “The Painters Corner.” [new paragraph] The funeral cortége left the residence of the deceased at about 11 o’clock, there being five mourning and several private carriages. In the first carriage were the chief mourners, Sir Edgar Collins Boehm, the only son of the late baronet, and Mr. Conrad Herapath. The second and third carriages were occupied by Sir Frederic Leighton, P.R.A., Sir Nigel Kingscote, Mr. Richard Mills, Colonel Francis Baring, Mr. Alma-Tadema, R.A., Sir R. H. Collins, Mr. Edward J. Poynter, R.A., and Mr. Duncan MacGregor, all of whom subsequently, at the cathedral, acted as pall bearers. The fourth carriage contained representatives of the Council of the Royal Academy – Mr. Edwin Long, R.A., Mr. J. B. Burgess, R.A., Mr. F. Goodall, R.A., and Mr. Beavis. In the fifth carriage were the following members of the professional staff of the deceased – Mr. R. Glassby, Mr. E. Lantéri, Signor Finili, and Herr Gross. The cortége stopped for a few moments at the Royal Academy, in order that it might be joined by two carriages containing other representatives of the institution. Leaving Piccadilly, the route taken was Waterloo-place, Pall-mall, Cockspur-street, the Strand, Fleet-street, and Ludgate-hill, the cathedral being reached about noon.

The procession was met at the great west door by Canon Gregory, the Archdeacon of London, the Rev. Dr. Baker, Minor Canons Milman, Russell, and Kelly, and the choir, who had a few minutes previously left the vestry; by Major Bigge, Equerry to the Queen, representing her Majesty; Colonel Stanley Clarke, who attended on behalf of the Prince and Princess of Wales; and Colonel W. J. Colville, representing the Duke of Edinburgh. The [[Social Victorians/People/Princess Louise|Princess Louise]] (Marchioness of Lorne) attired in deep mourning, and accompanied by [[Social Victorians/People/Arthur Collins|Lieut.-Col. Arthur Collins]] and Lady Sophia Macnamara, arrived at the cathedral a few minutes before 12 o’clock, and was conducted to a seat in the south side of the nave, close to the late Sir Edgar Boehm’s two daughters, upon whom her Royal Highness had called earlier in the morning. As the procession came slowly up the nave towards the chancel, “I am the resurrection of life” and other sentences of the burial service were chanted to music by Dr. Croft. The coffin, which was completely hidden by splendid wreaths, was preceded by the choristers and the clergy. Then followed Sir E. C. Boehm, with Mr. Conrad Herapath and Mr. Alfred Gilbert, A.R.A., the officers and council of the Royal Academy, and members of the deceased’s studio. The coffin was deposited upon a bier, which had been placed under the dome in front of the opening into the crypt, through which the body was subsequently lowered. The mourners having been conducted to the seats which had been reserved for them, and the clergy and choir having proceeded to their places in the chancel, Psalms xxxix. and xc. Were sung to music by Purcell and Felton, followed by Spohr’s anthem, “Blest are the departed,” and the lesson 1 Cor. Xv. 20, which was read by Canon Gregory. Whilst the hymn “Days and moments quickly flying” was being sung the Archdeacon of London and Minor Canon Milman proceeded from the chancel and took up positions by the side of the coffin. The remainder of the service preceding and following the lowering of the body into the crypt was read by Minor Canon Milman, and the collect was impressively recited by Archdeacon Sinclair. The late Dr. Newman’s beautiful hymn, “Lead kindly light,” was afterwards sung by the choir, and the service was brought to a close by Beethoven’s Funeral March, which was played in compliance with the special request of her Majesty, at whose desire also Chopin’s Funeral March had preceded the service. Dr. Martin was the organist.

While Beethoven’s march was being played the son and daughters of the late “Sculptor in ordinary to her Majesty,” together with other mourners, descended the crypt by the door near Howard’s monument, and saw the coffin for the last time. It bore the following inscription:- “Joseph Edgar Boehm. Born July 6, 1834; died at his work December 12, 1890. Thy will be done.” The coffin had already been deposited in the brick grave prepared for it, which is next to that of Sir Edwin Landseer. Immediately around it lie the remains of painters and sculptors of bygone days – Sir Joshua Reynolds, James Barry, Benjamin West, Henry Fuseli, Sir Thomas Lawrence, J. M. W. Turner, and John Henry Foley, while within half-a-dozen yards is the tomb of the great architect of the cathedral, Sir Christopher Wren. The coffin as last seen was covered by the floral tributes of loving friends, the symbolic laurel wreath forwarded by her Majesty surmounting them. This bore the inscription, “A tribute of gratitude for many beautiful memorial works executed for her. From Victoria, R. I.” Attached to the beautiful wreath sent by the Prince and Princess of Wales were the words, “A token of sincere regard and friendship.” Wreaths were forwarded by other members of the Royal Family, by Sir John and Lady Millais, Lord and Lady Reay, the Countess Sydney, Lord and Lady de Vesci, Mr. Henry Irving, Mr. and Mrs. Bancroft, by members of the council, students and officers of the Royal Academy, the Society of Artistic Sculptors (Vienna), and by the London Hungarian Association.&quot; (http://glassby.com/Chapter1.htm) &lt;/blockquote&gt;

===24 December 1890, Wednesday===
&quot;The people of South London and adjacent suburbs have to be grateful to Mr. Frederick Horniman, a well-known City merchant residing at Dulwich, for a munificent and beneficial Christmas gift. This gentleman has, during thirty years, formed a collection, worth above £100,000, of specimens of art, European, Indian, Chinese, and Japanese, also of decorative manufactures, and of ethnology and natural history, and rare books and manuscripts, at Surrey House, Forest Hill, which he intends to present to the public. The museum was opened by Sir Morell Mackenzie on Wednesday afternoon, Dec. 24. It already comprises twenty-four rooms, containing many beautiful specimens of horse and chain armour, Elizabethan bed-room furniture, an old English parlour and pantry, an Oriental armoury, a bible and manuscript room, an Egyptian gallery, and ethnographical saloon, a book and embroidery saloon, a porcelain and glass room, and a zoological saloon, with two live Russian bears and a monkey. We may describe the museum further, after another visit. Our Artist has sketched, in the ethnograhical saloon, an idol's shrine, made of cocoanut-fibre, from Fiji. Mr. Horniman, in acknowledging a vote of thanks, said that in an adjoining house he had accumulated a vast library of bibles and entomological works and specimens. It was his intention to build a hall at the back of the present building to contain a thousand persons, while the galleries would contain a library, and a stage would be provided, so that both eye and ear could be amused. He also contemplated buying sufficient land to enable a public body to erect class-rooms and gymnasia. Three cheers were given for Mr. Horniman, and the company proceeded to inspect the museum.&quot; &quot;(Mr. F. Horniman's Museum, Forest Hill.&quot; Illustrated London News (London, England), Saturday, January 03, 1891; pg. 7; Issue 2698, Col. C)

===25 December 1890, Thursday===
Christmas Day
===26 December 1890, Friday===
Boxing Day
==Works Cited==
*&quot;Besant Chronology.pdf.&quot; From Anderson, Nancy Fix, Walter L Arnstein, Deborah Logan, and Susie L Steinbach, Volume Editors. Lives of Victorian Political Figures, Part III: Queen Victoria, Florence Nightingale, Annie Besant and Millicent Garrett Fawcett by their Contemporaries. Volume 3 of Lives of Victorian Political Figures. Series Editors, Nancy LoPatin-Lummis and Michael Partridge. London: Pickering and Chatto, 2008.
*Crawford, Elizabeth. The Women’s Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide, 1866–1928. Google Books. Accessed 14 October 2010.</text>
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      <text bytes="19508" sha1="c16qqkafx3anq1v7lnvac5bq3xxiusz" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Viscount Mandeville Vanity Fair 1882-04-22.jpg|alt=Old drawing for a magazine of an aristocratic man in a formal suit|thumb|&quot;Kim,&quot; Viscount Mandeville, 1882]]

== Overview ==
The Mandeville who was in a relationship with music-hall and vaudeville star Bessie Bellwood was Kim (George Victor Drogo) Montagu, 8th Duke of Manchester (17 June 1853 – 18 August 1892). He was Viscount Mandeville from 18 August 1855 (when his grandfather died) to 22 March 1890 (when his father died).&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; When he succeeded to the dukedom in 1890, he ended his relationship with Bellwood. His father was the 7th Duke and his mother was [[Social Victorians/People/Louisa Montagu Cavendish|Louise Cavendish]], &quot;double Duchess&quot; of [[Social Victorians/People/Manchester|Manchester]] and then [[Social Victorians/People/Devonshire|Devonshire]].

Viscount Mandeville (right) was &quot;Man of the Day&quot; (#255) for ''Vanity Fair'', drawn by Leslie Ward (&quot;Spy&quot;).&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Viscount Mandeville Vanity Fair 1882-04-22.jpg.&quot; Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Viscount_Mandeville_Vanity_Fair_1882-04-22.jpg (retrieved 8 September 2026).&lt;/ref&gt;

== Also Known As ==
*Family name: Montagu
*The title Viscount Mandeville is a courtesy title for the heir presumptive and eldest son of the [[Social Victorians/People/Manchester |Duke of Manchester]]. This title is one of only 2 (with the heir apparent of the Duke of Somerset) that is below the rank of Earl (for the heir apparent of a duke). (Is Mandeville a toponym?)

*Viscount Mandeville
**&quot;Kim&quot; (George Victor Drogo) Montagu [8th Duke], (18 August 1855  – 22 March 1890)
**[[Social Victorians/People/William Angus Drogo Montagu|William Angus Drogo Montagu]], 9th Duke (22 March 1890 – 18 August 1892)
**Alexander George Francis Drogo Montagu (2 October 1902 – 9 February 1947)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2020-10-15|title=Alexander Montagu, 10th Duke of Manchester|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Montagu,_10th_Duke_of_Manchester&amp;oldid=983660353|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*Viscountess Mandeville
**Consuelo Iznaga y Clement Montagu [8th Duchess] (22 May 1876 – 22 March 1890)
**Helena Zimmerman Montagu (14 November 1890 – 18 August 1892)
*Lord Kimbolton
** [[Social Victorians/People/William Angus Drogo Montagu|William Angus Drogo Montagu]], 9th Duke (1877 – 22 March 1890)

== Acquaintances, Friends and Enemies ==

=== &quot;Kim&quot; Montagu, 8th Duke, Lord Mandeville until 1890 ===

==== Friends ====

* Edward Russell, 24th Baron de Clifford
* Derrick Westenra, 5th Baron Rossmore
* Francis Needham, 3rd Earl of Kilmorey

=== Consuelo Iznaga y Clement Montagu ===

==== Friends ====
*Consuelo Iznaga y Clement Montagu was in the intimate circle of [[Social Victorians/People/Albert Edward, Prince of Wales |Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]].

==Organizations==

=== &quot;Kim&quot; Montagu, 8th Duke, Lord Mandeville until 1890 ===

* Eton&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

=== Consuelo Iznaga y Clement Montagu ===
* Consuelo Iznaga y Clement Montagu was a member of the New York City social set called the Buccaneers when she was a teenager.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2020-10-06|title=Consuelo Montagu, Duchess of Manchester|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Consuelo_Montagu,_Duchess_of_Manchester&amp;oldid=982192002|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Edith Wharton is said to have take details from the 8th Duke's marriage ''The Buccaneers''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2020-10-06|title=George Montagu, 8th Duke of Manchester|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=George_Montagu,_8th_Duke_of_Manchester&amp;oldid=982188929|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Timeline ==
'''1855 August 18''', the 6th Duke died. The families &quot;placed in mourning&quot;:&lt;blockquote&gt;He is succeeded in the Dukedom by his eldest son, Viscount Mandeville, M.P. By the melancholy event the families of the Marquess and Marchioness of Tweeddale, the Duchess of Wellington, the Duke of Montrose, Lord and Lady Olivia Ossulston [?], Lady Eliza [Elisa?] Steele, the Duke of Richmond, the Countess of St Germans, Lady Sophia Cecil, and many others of rank, are placed in mourning.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Death of the Duke of Manchester.&quot; ''Edinburgh Evening Post and Scottish Standard'' 22 August 1855, Wednesday: 2 [of 4], Col. 5c [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.com/image-viewer?issue=BL%2F0001177%2F18550822&amp;page=2&amp;article=025&amp;stringtohighlight=mandeville+viscount. Print title ''Edinburgh Evening Post and Scottish Record''; n.p.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;'''1855 October 11, Wednesday''', H. I. Cridland says in a &quot;Notice,&quot;&lt;blockquote&gt;I will hold Audit Days at Lyttelton, on Wednesday, 11th October, for the receipt of rents and other monies due to the 25th of September, on account of the Soames, Jackson, Ecclesiastical, and Lyttelton Trust Estates, the lands of Lord Mandeville, Lady Emily Bathurst, Lady Olivia Sparrow, Rev. J. P. Rhoades, Rev. Charles Hodge, Dr. Merrion C. T. Maunsell, George Hart, late William Draper, and J. E. Fitz Gerald, Esqrs. ... Tenants are requested to present their last receipt.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Notice.&quot; ''Lyttelton Times'' 6 October 1855, Saturday: 1 [of 10], Col. 3c [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.com/image-viewer?issue=BL%2F0003346%2F18551006&amp;page=1&amp;article=004&amp;stringtohighlight=mandeville+viscount. Newspaper title ''The Lyttelton Times'', n.p.

&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;This notice was repeated in the ''Lyttelton Times'' on 29 December 1855.

'''1855 October 20, Saturday''', house party at Heaton Hall, hosted by the Earl and Countess of Wilton. [[Social Victorians/People/Louisa Montagu Cavendish|Luise, Duchess of Manchester]] was present with the Duke and their son Lord Mandeville (Kim, later 8th Duke), who was 2 years old:&lt;blockquote&gt;The Earl and Countess of Wilton have, during the week, entertained a very distinguished party of visitors, at Heaton Hall, comprising the Duchess of Cambridge, the Princess Mary of Cambridge, the Duke and Duchess of Manchester, the Earl and Countess of Derby, Lady Emma Stanley, Viscount and Viscountess Newport, Lady Rokeby, and the two Misses Montague, Viscount Canterbury, Lord Otho Fitzgerald, Lord Mandeville, the Hon. B. Grosvenor, Colonel Parker, and Major Macdonald. We understand that private theatricals have formed a portion of the entertainments furnished by the Earl and Countess of Wilton for the amusement of their royal and illustrious guests. — Yesterday afternoon Mr. Grundy had the honour of a visit at his Fine Arts Repository in Exchange-street, from the distinguished party, accompanied by the Earl and Countess of Wilton, whose arrival in their brilliant equipages with postillions and outriders, caused considerable sensation in our busy thoroughfares. Having spent some time, they proceeded to the silk mill of Messrs. J. and T. Houldsworth and Co., silk manufacturers and embroiderers, Portland-street, which, after entering their names in the visitors' book, they inspected, under the guidance of Mr. James Houldsworth, examining every process, from the embroidering to the Jacquard weaving, and more especially admiring the manufactured goods, several purchases of choice pieces being made by the lady visitors. At the conclusion of the inspection of the works, which lasted about an hour, the visitors returned to Heaton Hall.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Royal and Distinguished Visitors at Heaton  Hall.&quot; ''Manchester Courier'' 20 October 1855, Saturday: 7 [of 12], Col. 1a [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.com/image-viewer?issue=BL%2F0000206%2F18551020. Newspaper title: ''The Manchester Courier, and Lancashire General Advertiser'', p. 7.

&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;A shorter article appeared in the ''St. James's Chronicle'':&lt;blockquote&gt;The Duchess of Cambridge, the Princess Mary of Cambridge, the Duke and Duchess of Manchester, Lord Mandeville, Lord 0tho Fitzgerald, Lord and Lady Newport, Lord Canterbury, and Colonel Parker, who have been spending the week at Heaton Hall, near Prestwich, with the Earl and Countess of Wilton, visited Manchester, and spent some time at Mr. Grundy's Repository of Art, Royal Exchange-street, yesterday. The distinguished visitors afterwards went through the silk manufactory of Mr. Houldsworth, in Portland-street. They were accompanied by the Earl and Countess of Wilton.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Gazette.&quot; ''Saint James's Chronicle'' 20 October 1855, Saturday: 2 [of 4], Col. 4b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' [https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.com/image-viewer?issue=BL%2F0002193%2F18551020&amp;page=2&amp;article=021&amp;stringtohighlight=mandeville+viscount https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.com/image-viewer?issue=BL%2F0002193%2F18551020&amp;page=2]. Same title. n.p.

&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;'''1876 May 22''', Consuelo Iznaga y Clement and &quot;Kim&quot; (George Victor Drogo, 8th Duke) Montagu married in Grace Church, New York City.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

'''1890 March 4''', Consuelo's brother Fernando Yznaga married New York &quot;beauty and society leader&quot; Miss Mabel Wright.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Personal.&quot; ''American Register'' 22 March 1890, Saturday: 5 [of 8], Col. 5a [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.com/image-viewer?issue=BL%2F0003338%2F18900322&amp;page=5&amp;article=070&amp;stringtohighlight=mandeville+viscount. Same print title and p.&lt;/ref&gt; Presumably at least Consuelo was there?

'''1890 February 25, Tuesday''', Consuelo Lady Mandeville attended a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1890#25 February 1890, Tuesday|party hosted by Mrs. Adair]]. Viscount Mandeville is not listed among those who attended.

'''1890 March 10, Monday''', the Prince and Princess of Wales gave a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1890#10 March 1890, Monday10 March 1890, Monday|dance at Marlborough House in honor of their wedding anniversary]]. The Viscountess Mandeville is listed among the guests invited, but the Viscount is not mentioned. 

'''1890 March 22, Saturday''', the Portsmouth ''Evening News'' expressed outrage about a man with a reputation like Kim's becoming 8th Duke of Manchester:&lt;blockquote&gt;While the House of Commons were debating the necessity for a House of Lords, the Duke of Manchester was on his death bed in Naples. There is more in the incident than appears at first sight, for Viscount Mandeville succeeds to the Dukedom, with the attendant rights of presentation to seven livings and the privilege of mutilating or rejecting Bills demanded by the people and passed by their representatives in the Commons.

It will hardly be urged by the moat zealous advocate of the Upper Chamber, as at present constituted, that the new Duke of Manchester, ''nee'' Viscount Mandeville, will bring much dignity, wisdom, or weight to the House of irresponsible legislators. This nobleman has had a merry time. The one sensible thing he did was to marry a charming and accomplished American lady, who, by consenting to share the name of Mandeville has kept its head above water. Viscount Mandeville himself has a weakness for bankruptcy proceedings, rows with cabmen, which music hall ladies come forward to take his part, and the class of events generally which do not approve themselves to the minds of the ordinary Briton. It is possible that Lord Mandeville may now discover that he has sown his wild oats, and may settle down with his beautiful and popular wife to the enjoyment of his  25,000 acres of land and £38,000 a-year. We have not to do with what Lord Mandeville may be. Our simple duty is to point out that it is an outrage on common decency and common sense that a man bearing the reputation of Lord Mandeville should have the right to step into the House of Lords whenever a vote is needed to swell the prejudice or sustain the selfishness that find among the Peers their natural home.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;To-Day.&quot; ''Portsmouth Evening News'' 22 March 1890, Saturday: 2 [of 4], Col. 1c [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.com/image-viewer?issue=BL%2F0000290%2F18900322&amp;page=2&amp;article=001&amp;stringtohighlight=mandeville+viscount. Print title: ''The Evening News'', n.p.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;The ''Birmingham Daily Mail'' had a similar opinion, though perhaps slightly more optimistic:&lt;blockquote&gt;The Duke of Manchester, who expired last night at Naples, cannot be said to have been much of a public man. He led a quiet, retired life, and the announcement of his death would, if Lord  Mandeville were not heir to the title, arouse but little interest. Lord Mandeville is, unfortunately for himself, more widely known than his father was. He developed tastes for gambling, with disastrous financial results, as the details of his bankruptcy made public last year, and more recently, his name has been publicly associated with those of prizefighters and music-hall singers. Altogether, he can hardly be termed a credit to the aristocracy of England, but the higher position to which he will now attain may cause him to alter his ways and try redeem the errors of the past.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Notes and News.&quot; ''Birmingham Mail'' 22 March 1890, Saturday: 2 [of 4], Col. 3a [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.com/image-viewer?issue=BL%2F0000644%2F18900322&amp;page=2&amp;article=027&amp;stringtohighlight=mandeville+viscount. Print title: ''Birmingham Daily Mail'', n.p.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;On the same day, Consuelo's brother and new wife were reported to apparently be immigrating to the UK:&lt;blockquote&gt;Among the immigrants, says a London lady correspondent, is a New York belle who has just been married to Mr. Ferdinand Yznaga, brother to Lady Mandeville and of Lady Lister-Kaye. Young Mrs. Yznaga will enter London society under the wing of her sister-in-law, Lady Mandeville, and is expected to make as great a furore as did Mrs. Langtry a few seasons ago. Mr. Yznaga married a sister-in-law of Mr. Vanderbilt, who divorced him two years ago.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;An American Belle.&quot; ''Huddersfield and Holmfirth Examiner'' 22 March 1890, Saturday: 6 [of 16], Col. 4a [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.com/image-viewer?issue=BL%2F0003869%2F18900322&amp;page=6&amp;article=006&amp;stringtohighlight=mandeville+viscount. Print title: ''The Huddersfield Examiner'', p. 6.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;'''1890 November 14''', William Angus Drogo Montagu (9th Duke) and Helena Zimmerman married secretly, in London.

'''1897 July 2''', the Duke and Duchess of Devonshire ( [[Social Victorians/People/Louisa Montagu Cavendish|Luise Friederike Auguste Gräfin von Alten Montagu Cavendish]] and [[Social Victorians/People/Spencer Compton Cavendish|Spencer Cavendish]]) hosted the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball|Duchess of Devonshire's fancy-dress ball]] at Devonshire House. Lord Charles Montagu, likely Charles William Augustus Montagu, attended, as did [[Social Victorians/People/William Angus Drogo Montagu|William Angus Drogo Montagu]].

== Demographics ==

===Nationality===
*Consuelo Iznaga y Clement was Cuban-American.
*Helena Zimmerman was American.
*George, William and Alexander Montagu were British.

=== Residences ===

* 1890: &quot;The family estates — 27,312 acres, with a nominal rent-roll of £40,000 — were chiefly situated in Huntingdonshire and Armagh.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Men and Things.&quot; (London) ''Echo'' 22 March 1890, Saturday: 1 [of 4], Col. 6b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.com/image-viewer?issue=BL%2F0004596%2F18900322&amp;page=1&amp;article=010&amp;stringtohighlight=mandeville+viscount. Same print title, n.p.&lt;/ref&gt;
* In 1890 at the death of the 7th Duke, Kimbolton Castle:

&lt;blockquote&gt;The Duke of Manchester... He was an old-fashioned Tory, and a man of simple tastes, whose chief interests were military and agricultural rather than political. Kimbolton Castle is a magnificent place, and the Duke's horses and troop of yeomanry were always the admiration of the Prince of Wales, the Marquis of Hartington, and many other visitors. Lord Hartington, it may be mentioned, was at Kimbolton when the news came of the  breaking out of the war between France and Germany [1871], he being a member of the Cabinet. The Duke had travelled much as a young man, and was familiar with the Continent, as also with South Africa, of which he was very fond. There is a private chapel at Kimbolton Castle, connected with which is a very extensive library containing some theological and historical volumes of great value. Notwithstanding his somewhat bluff manner the Duke was liked by the tenantry and poor from the kindly interest he took in their concerns. Even the poachers had a good word for his Grace. The feature, however, of the Duke's career was the marked contrast between his pursuits and those of the Duchess. The Duke loved every blade of grass, every tree and flower on his ancestral domain, and cared nothing for London life in its modern developments. Lord Mandeville [the 8th Duke] succeeds to the title, but the estates are heavily mortgaged.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Death of the Duke of Manchester.&quot; ''Pall Mall Gazette'' 22 March 1890, Saturday: 6 [of 8], Col. 2b [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.com/image-viewer?issue=BL%2F0000098%2F18900322&amp;page=6&amp;article=014&amp;stringtohighlight=mandeville+viscount. Same print title and p.

&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Family ==
*Consuelo (María Consuelo) Iznaga y Clement Montagu, Duchess of Manchester (1853 – 20 November 1909), née Doña María Consuelo Iznaga y Clement&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
*&quot;Kim&quot; (George Victor Drogo) Montagu, 8th Duke of Manchester (17 June 1853 – 18 August 1892)&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
#William Angus Drogo Montagu, 9th Duke of Manchester (3 March 1877 – 9 February 1947)
#Jacqueline Mary Alva Montagu (27 November 1879 – 15 March 1895).
#Alice Eleanor Louise Montagu (27 November 1879 – 10 January 1900)


*[[Social Victorians/People/William Angus Drogo Montagu|William Angus Drogo Montagu]], 9th Duke of Manchester (3 March 1877 – 9 February 1947)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2020-10-08|title=William Montagu, 9th Duke of Manchester|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Montagu,_9th_Duke_of_Manchester&amp;oldid=982513036|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*Helena Zimmerman Montagu (25 September 1878 – 15 December 1971)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2020-10-08|title=Helena, Countess of Kintore|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helena,_Countess_of_Kintore&amp;oldid=982513630|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
#Mary Alice Montagu Gregory (26 October 1901 – 9 October 1962)
#Alexander George Francis Drogo Montagu, 10th Duke of Manchester (2 October 1902 – 23 November 1977)
#Edward Eugene Fernando Montagu (26 July 1906 – 4 May 1954/1956)
#Ellen Millicent Louise Montagu Hofer Shairp (5 January 1908 – 2 August 1948)

=== Relations ===
The three Iznaga y Clement sisters were prominent in London &quot;Society&quot;:
*Consuelo (María Consuelo) Iznaga Montagu, Duchess of Manchester (1853 – 20 November 1909)
*Emilie Iznaga y Clement ()
*Natividad (Natica) Iznaga y Clement Lister-Kaye ()

== Questions and Notes ==
*In a ''British Newspaper Archive'' search for name=mandeville keyword=#viscount for 18 August 1855–22 March 1890 (September 2026), first did &quot;Publication date oldest first,&quot; but Kim was 2 years old when his grandfather died and his father acceded to the dukedom, so on p. 57 of the search results (the page containing 1 January 1856) I switched to &quot;Publication date newest first.&quot; Decided it would be more fruitful to work backwards.

== Papers, Memoirs and Biographies ==
== Footnotes ==
{{reflist}}</text>
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      <text bytes="19511" sha1="s5vdldid9otvqnhz34mlkh0u862omta" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Viscount Mandeville Vanity Fair 1882-04-22.jpg|alt=Old drawing for a magazine of an aristocratic man in a formal suit|thumb|&quot;Kim,&quot; Viscount Mandeville, 1882]]

== Overview ==
The Mandeville who was in a relationship with music-hall and vaudeville star Bessie Bellwood was Kim (George Victor Drogo) Montagu, 8th Duke of Manchester (17 June 1853 – 18 August 1892). He was Viscount Mandeville from 18 August 1855 (when his grandfather died) to 22 March 1890 (when his father died).&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; When he succeeded to the dukedom in 1890, he ended his relationship with Bellwood. His father was the 7th Duke and his mother was [[Social Victorians/People/Louisa Montagu Cavendish|Louise Cavendish]], &quot;double Duchess&quot; of [[Social Victorians/People/Manchester|Manchester]] and then [[Social Victorians/People/Devonshire|Devonshire]].

Viscount Mandeville (right) was &quot;Man of the Day&quot; (#255) for ''Vanity Fair'', drawn by Leslie Ward (&quot;Spy&quot;).&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Viscount Mandeville Vanity Fair 1882-04-22.jpg.&quot; Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Viscount_Mandeville_Vanity_Fair_1882-04-22.jpg (retrieved 8 September 2026).&lt;/ref&gt;

== Also Known As ==
*Family name: Montagu
*The title Viscount Mandeville is a courtesy title for the heir presumptive and eldest son of the [[Social Victorians/People/Manchester |Duke of Manchester]]. This title is one of only 2 (with the heir apparent of the Duke of Somerset) that is below the rank of Earl (for the heir apparent of a duke). (Is Mandeville a toponym?)

*Viscount Mandeville
**&quot;Kim&quot; (George Victor Drogo) Montagu [8th Duke], (18 August 1855  – 22 March 1890)
**[[Social Victorians/People/William Angus Drogo Montagu|William Angus Drogo Montagu]], 9th Duke (22 March 1890 – 18 August 1892)
**Alexander George Francis Drogo Montagu (2 October 1902 – 9 February 1947)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2020-10-15|title=Alexander Montagu, 10th Duke of Manchester|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Montagu,_10th_Duke_of_Manchester&amp;oldid=983660353|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*Viscountess Mandeville
**Consuelo Iznaga y Clement Montagu [8th Duchess] (22 May 1876 – 22 March 1890)
**Helena Zimmerman Montagu (14 November 1890 – 18 August 1892)
*Lord Kimbolton
** [[Social Victorians/People/William Angus Drogo Montagu|William Angus Drogo Montagu]], 9th Duke (1877 – 22 March 1890)

== Acquaintances, Friends and Enemies ==

=== &quot;Kim&quot; Montagu, 8th Duke, Lord Mandeville until 1890 ===

==== Friends ====

* Edward Russell, 24th Baron de Clifford
* Derrick Westenra, 5th Baron Rossmore
* Francis Needham, 3rd Earl of Kilmorey

=== Consuelo Iznaga y Clement Montagu ===

==== Friends ====
*Consuelo Iznaga y Clement Montagu was in the intimate circle of [[Social Victorians/People/Albert Edward, Prince of Wales |Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]].

==Organizations==

=== &quot;Kim&quot; Montagu, 8th Duke, Lord Mandeville until 1890 ===

* Eton&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

=== Consuelo Iznaga y Clement Montagu ===
* Consuelo Iznaga y Clement Montagu was a member of the New York City social set called the Buccaneers when she was a teenager.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2020-10-06|title=Consuelo Montagu, Duchess of Manchester|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Consuelo_Montagu,_Duchess_of_Manchester&amp;oldid=982192002|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Edith Wharton is said to have take details from the 8th Duke's marriage ''The Buccaneers''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2020-10-06|title=George Montagu, 8th Duke of Manchester|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=George_Montagu,_8th_Duke_of_Manchester&amp;oldid=982188929|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Timeline ==
'''1855 August 18''', the 6th Duke died. The families &quot;placed in mourning&quot;:&lt;blockquote&gt;He is succeeded in the Dukedom by his eldest son, Viscount Mandeville, M.P. By the melancholy event the families of the Marquess and Marchioness of Tweeddale, the Duchess of Wellington, the Duke of Montrose, Lord and Lady Olivia Ossulston [?], Lady Eliza [Elisa?] Steele, the Duke of Richmond, the Countess of St Germans, Lady Sophia Cecil, and many others of rank, are placed in mourning.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Death of the Duke of Manchester.&quot; ''Edinburgh Evening Post and Scottish Standard'' 22 August 1855, Wednesday: 2 [of 4], Col. 5c [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.com/image-viewer?issue=BL%2F0001177%2F18550822&amp;page=2&amp;article=025&amp;stringtohighlight=mandeville+viscount. Print title ''Edinburgh Evening Post and Scottish Record''; n.p.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;'''1855 October 11, Wednesday''', H. I. Cridland says in a &quot;Notice,&quot;&lt;blockquote&gt;I will hold Audit Days at Lyttelton, on Wednesday, 11th October, for the receipt of rents and other monies due to the 25th of September, on account of the Soames, Jackson, Ecclesiastical, and Lyttelton Trust Estates, the lands of Lord Mandeville, Lady Emily Bathurst, Lady Olivia Sparrow, Rev. J. P. Rhoades, Rev. Charles Hodge, Dr. Merrion C. T. Maunsell, George Hart, late William Draper, and J. E. Fitz Gerald, Esqrs. ... Tenants are requested to present their last receipt.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Notice.&quot; ''Lyttelton Times'' 6 October 1855, Saturday: 1 [of 10], Col. 3c [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.com/image-viewer?issue=BL%2F0003346%2F18551006&amp;page=1&amp;article=004&amp;stringtohighlight=mandeville+viscount. Newspaper title ''The Lyttelton Times'', n.p.

&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;This notice was repeated in the ''Lyttelton Times'' on 29 December 1855.

'''1855 October 20, Saturday''', house party at Heaton Hall, hosted by the Earl and Countess of Wilton. [[Social Victorians/People/Louisa Montagu Cavendish|Luise, Duchess of Manchester]] was present with the Duke and their son Lord Mandeville (Kim, later 8th Duke), who was 2 years old:&lt;blockquote&gt;The Earl and Countess of Wilton have, during the week, entertained a very distinguished party of visitors, at Heaton Hall, comprising the Duchess of Cambridge, the Princess Mary of Cambridge, the Duke and Duchess of Manchester, the Earl and Countess of Derby, Lady Emma Stanley, Viscount and Viscountess Newport, Lady Rokeby, and the two Misses Montague, Viscount Canterbury, Lord Otho Fitzgerald, Lord Mandeville, the Hon. B. Grosvenor, Colonel Parker, and Major Macdonald. We understand that private theatricals have formed a portion of the entertainments furnished by the Earl and Countess of Wilton for the amusement of their royal and illustrious guests. — Yesterday afternoon Mr. Grundy had the honour of a visit at his Fine Arts Repository in Exchange-street, from the distinguished party, accompanied by the Earl and Countess of Wilton, whose arrival in their brilliant equipages with postillions and outriders, caused considerable sensation in our busy thoroughfares. Having spent some time, they proceeded to the silk mill of Messrs. J. and T. Houldsworth and Co., silk manufacturers and embroiderers, Portland-street, which, after entering their names in the visitors' book, they inspected, under the guidance of Mr. James Houldsworth, examining every process, from the embroidering to the Jacquard weaving, and more especially admiring the manufactured goods, several purchases of choice pieces being made by the lady visitors. At the conclusion of the inspection of the works, which lasted about an hour, the visitors returned to Heaton Hall.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Royal and Distinguished Visitors at Heaton  Hall.&quot; ''Manchester Courier'' 20 October 1855, Saturday: 7 [of 12], Col. 1a [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.com/image-viewer?issue=BL%2F0000206%2F18551020. Newspaper title: ''The Manchester Courier, and Lancashire General Advertiser'', p. 7.

&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;A shorter article appeared in the ''St. James's Chronicle'':&lt;blockquote&gt;The Duchess of Cambridge, the Princess Mary of Cambridge, the Duke and Duchess of Manchester, Lord Mandeville, Lord 0tho Fitzgerald, Lord and Lady Newport, Lord Canterbury, and Colonel Parker, who have been spending the week at Heaton Hall, near Prestwich, with the Earl and Countess of Wilton, visited Manchester, and spent some time at Mr. Grundy's Repository of Art, Royal Exchange-street, yesterday. The distinguished visitors afterwards went through the silk manufactory of Mr. Houldsworth, in Portland-street. They were accompanied by the Earl and Countess of Wilton.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Gazette.&quot; ''Saint James's Chronicle'' 20 October 1855, Saturday: 2 [of 4], Col. 4b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' [https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.com/image-viewer?issue=BL%2F0002193%2F18551020&amp;page=2&amp;article=021&amp;stringtohighlight=mandeville+viscount https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.com/image-viewer?issue=BL%2F0002193%2F18551020&amp;page=2]. Same title. n.p.

&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;'''1876 May 22''', Consuelo Iznaga y Clement and &quot;Kim&quot; (George Victor Drogo, 8th Duke) Montagu married in Grace Church, New York City.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

'''1890 March 4''', Consuelo's brother Fernando Yznaga married New York &quot;beauty and society leader&quot; Miss Mabel Wright.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Personal.&quot; ''American Register'' 22 March 1890, Saturday: 5 [of 8], Col. 5a [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.com/image-viewer?issue=BL%2F0003338%2F18900322&amp;page=5&amp;article=070&amp;stringtohighlight=mandeville+viscount. Same print title and p.&lt;/ref&gt; Presumably at least Consuelo was there?

'''1890 February 25, Tuesday''', Consuelo Lady Mandeville attended a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1890#25 February 1890, Tuesday|party hosted by Mrs. Adair]]. Viscount Mandeville is not listed among those who attended.

'''1890 March 10, Monday''', the Prince and Princess of Wales gave a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1890#10 March 1890, Monday10 March 1890, Monday|dance at Marlborough House in honor of their wedding anniversary]]. The Viscountess Mandeville is listed among the guests invited, but the Viscount is not mentioned. 

'''1890 March 22, Saturday''', the Portsmouth ''Evening News'' expressed outrage about a man with a reputation like Kim's becoming 8th Duke of Manchester:&lt;blockquote&gt;While the House of Commons were debating the necessity for a House of Lords, the Duke of Manchester was on his death bed in Naples. There is more in the incident than appears at first sight, for Viscount Mandeville succeeds to the Dukedom, with the attendant rights of presentation to seven livings and the privilege of mutilating or rejecting Bills demanded by the people and passed by their representatives in the Commons.&lt;p&gt;

It will hardly be urged by the moat zealous advocate of the Upper Chamber, as at present constituted, that the new Duke of Manchester, ''nee'' Viscount Mandeville, will bring much dignity, wisdom, or weight to the House of irresponsible legislators. This nobleman has had a merry time. The one sensible thing he did was to marry a charming and accomplished American lady, who, by consenting to share the name of Mandeville has kept its head above water. Viscount Mandeville himself has a weakness for bankruptcy proceedings, rows with cabmen, which music hall ladies come forward to take his part, and the class of events generally which do not approve themselves to the minds of the ordinary Briton. It is possible that Lord Mandeville may now discover that he has sown his wild oats, and may settle down with his beautiful and popular wife to the enjoyment of his  25,000 acres of land and £38,000 a-year. We have not to do with what Lord Mandeville may be. Our simple duty is to point out that it is an outrage on common decency and common sense that a man bearing the reputation of Lord Mandeville should have the right to step into the House of Lords whenever a vote is needed to swell the prejudice or sustain the selfishness that find among the Peers their natural home.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;To-Day.&quot; ''Portsmouth Evening News'' 22 March 1890, Saturday: 2 [of 4], Col. 1c [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.com/image-viewer?issue=BL%2F0000290%2F18900322&amp;page=2&amp;article=001&amp;stringtohighlight=mandeville+viscount. Print title: ''The Evening News'', n.p.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;The ''Birmingham Daily Mail'' had a similar opinion, though perhaps slightly more optimistic:&lt;blockquote&gt;The Duke of Manchester, who expired last night at Naples, cannot be said to have been much of a public man. He led a quiet, retired life, and the announcement of his death would, if Lord  Mandeville were not heir to the title, arouse but little interest. Lord Mandeville is, unfortunately for himself, more widely known than his father was. He developed tastes for gambling, with disastrous financial results, as the details of his bankruptcy made public last year, and more recently, his name has been publicly associated with those of prizefighters and music-hall singers. Altogether, he can hardly be termed a credit to the aristocracy of England, but the higher position to which he will now attain may cause him to alter his ways and try redeem the errors of the past.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Notes and News.&quot; ''Birmingham Mail'' 22 March 1890, Saturday: 2 [of 4], Col. 3a [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.com/image-viewer?issue=BL%2F0000644%2F18900322&amp;page=2&amp;article=027&amp;stringtohighlight=mandeville+viscount. Print title: ''Birmingham Daily Mail'', n.p.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;On the same day, Consuelo's brother and new wife were reported to apparently be immigrating to the UK:&lt;blockquote&gt;Among the immigrants, says a London lady correspondent, is a New York belle who has just been married to Mr. Ferdinand Yznaga, brother to Lady Mandeville and of Lady Lister-Kaye. Young Mrs. Yznaga will enter London society under the wing of her sister-in-law, Lady Mandeville, and is expected to make as great a furore as did Mrs. Langtry a few seasons ago. Mr. Yznaga married a sister-in-law of Mr. Vanderbilt, who divorced him two years ago.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;An American Belle.&quot; ''Huddersfield and Holmfirth Examiner'' 22 March 1890, Saturday: 6 [of 16], Col. 4a [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.com/image-viewer?issue=BL%2F0003869%2F18900322&amp;page=6&amp;article=006&amp;stringtohighlight=mandeville+viscount. Print title: ''The Huddersfield Examiner'', p. 6.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;'''1890 November 14''', William Angus Drogo Montagu (9th Duke) and Helena Zimmerman married secretly, in London.

'''1897 July 2''', the Duke and Duchess of Devonshire ( [[Social Victorians/People/Louisa Montagu Cavendish|Luise Friederike Auguste Gräfin von Alten Montagu Cavendish]] and [[Social Victorians/People/Spencer Compton Cavendish|Spencer Cavendish]]) hosted the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball|Duchess of Devonshire's fancy-dress ball]] at Devonshire House. Lord Charles Montagu, likely Charles William Augustus Montagu, attended, as did [[Social Victorians/People/William Angus Drogo Montagu|William Angus Drogo Montagu]].

== Demographics ==

===Nationality===
*Consuelo Iznaga y Clement was Cuban-American.
*Helena Zimmerman was American.
*George, William and Alexander Montagu were British.

=== Residences ===

* 1890: &quot;The family estates — 27,312 acres, with a nominal rent-roll of £40,000 — were chiefly situated in Huntingdonshire and Armagh.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Men and Things.&quot; (London) ''Echo'' 22 March 1890, Saturday: 1 [of 4], Col. 6b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.com/image-viewer?issue=BL%2F0004596%2F18900322&amp;page=1&amp;article=010&amp;stringtohighlight=mandeville+viscount. Same print title, n.p.&lt;/ref&gt;
* In 1890 at the death of the 7th Duke, Kimbolton Castle:

&lt;blockquote&gt;The Duke of Manchester... He was an old-fashioned Tory, and a man of simple tastes, whose chief interests were military and agricultural rather than political. Kimbolton Castle is a magnificent place, and the Duke's horses and troop of yeomanry were always the admiration of the Prince of Wales, the Marquis of Hartington, and many other visitors. Lord Hartington, it may be mentioned, was at Kimbolton when the news came of the  breaking out of the war between France and Germany [1871], he being a member of the Cabinet. The Duke had travelled much as a young man, and was familiar with the Continent, as also with South Africa, of which he was very fond. There is a private chapel at Kimbolton Castle, connected with which is a very extensive library containing some theological and historical volumes of great value. Notwithstanding his somewhat bluff manner the Duke was liked by the tenantry and poor from the kindly interest he took in their concerns. Even the poachers had a good word for his Grace. The feature, however, of the Duke's career was the marked contrast between his pursuits and those of the Duchess. The Duke loved every blade of grass, every tree and flower on his ancestral domain, and cared nothing for London life in its modern developments. Lord Mandeville [the 8th Duke] succeeds to the title, but the estates are heavily mortgaged.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Death of the Duke of Manchester.&quot; ''Pall Mall Gazette'' 22 March 1890, Saturday: 6 [of 8], Col. 2b [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.com/image-viewer?issue=BL%2F0000098%2F18900322&amp;page=6&amp;article=014&amp;stringtohighlight=mandeville+viscount. Same print title and p.

&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Family ==
*Consuelo (María Consuelo) Iznaga y Clement Montagu, Duchess of Manchester (1853 – 20 November 1909), née Doña María Consuelo Iznaga y Clement&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
*&quot;Kim&quot; (George Victor Drogo) Montagu, 8th Duke of Manchester (17 June 1853 – 18 August 1892)&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
#William Angus Drogo Montagu, 9th Duke of Manchester (3 March 1877 – 9 February 1947)
#Jacqueline Mary Alva Montagu (27 November 1879 – 15 March 1895).
#Alice Eleanor Louise Montagu (27 November 1879 – 10 January 1900)


*[[Social Victorians/People/William Angus Drogo Montagu|William Angus Drogo Montagu]], 9th Duke of Manchester (3 March 1877 – 9 February 1947)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2020-10-08|title=William Montagu, 9th Duke of Manchester|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Montagu,_9th_Duke_of_Manchester&amp;oldid=982513036|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*Helena Zimmerman Montagu (25 September 1878 – 15 December 1971)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2020-10-08|title=Helena, Countess of Kintore|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helena,_Countess_of_Kintore&amp;oldid=982513630|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
#Mary Alice Montagu Gregory (26 October 1901 – 9 October 1962)
#Alexander George Francis Drogo Montagu, 10th Duke of Manchester (2 October 1902 – 23 November 1977)
#Edward Eugene Fernando Montagu (26 July 1906 – 4 May 1954/1956)
#Ellen Millicent Louise Montagu Hofer Shairp (5 January 1908 – 2 August 1948)

=== Relations ===
The three Iznaga y Clement sisters were prominent in London &quot;Society&quot;:
*Consuelo (María Consuelo) Iznaga Montagu, Duchess of Manchester (1853 – 20 November 1909)
*Emilie Iznaga y Clement ()
*Natividad (Natica) Iznaga y Clement Lister-Kaye ()

== Questions and Notes ==
*In a ''British Newspaper Archive'' search for name=mandeville keyword=#viscount for 18 August 1855–22 March 1890 (September 2026), first did &quot;Publication date oldest first,&quot; but Kim was 2 years old when his grandfather died and his father acceded to the dukedom, so on p. 57 of the search results (the page containing 1 January 1856) I switched to &quot;Publication date newest first.&quot; Decided it would be more fruitful to work backwards.

== Papers, Memoirs and Biographies ==
== Footnotes ==
{{reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>s5vdldid9otvqnhz34mlkh0u862omta</sha1>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Scogdill</username>
        <id>1331941</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>/* Timeline */</comment>
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      <text bytes="19514" sha1="kqwbkmjmbko07gn07hgtemzlif8rrn7" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Viscount Mandeville Vanity Fair 1882-04-22.jpg|alt=Old drawing for a magazine of an aristocratic man in a formal suit|thumb|&quot;Kim,&quot; Viscount Mandeville, 1882]]

== Overview ==
The Mandeville who was in a relationship with music-hall and vaudeville star Bessie Bellwood was Kim (George Victor Drogo) Montagu, 8th Duke of Manchester (17 June 1853 – 18 August 1892). He was Viscount Mandeville from 18 August 1855 (when his grandfather died) to 22 March 1890 (when his father died).&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; When he succeeded to the dukedom in 1890, he ended his relationship with Bellwood. His father was the 7th Duke and his mother was [[Social Victorians/People/Louisa Montagu Cavendish|Louise Cavendish]], &quot;double Duchess&quot; of [[Social Victorians/People/Manchester|Manchester]] and then [[Social Victorians/People/Devonshire|Devonshire]].

Viscount Mandeville (right) was &quot;Man of the Day&quot; (#255) for ''Vanity Fair'', drawn by Leslie Ward (&quot;Spy&quot;).&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Viscount Mandeville Vanity Fair 1882-04-22.jpg.&quot; Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Viscount_Mandeville_Vanity_Fair_1882-04-22.jpg (retrieved 8 September 2026).&lt;/ref&gt;

== Also Known As ==
*Family name: Montagu
*The title Viscount Mandeville is a courtesy title for the heir presumptive and eldest son of the [[Social Victorians/People/Manchester |Duke of Manchester]]. This title is one of only 2 (with the heir apparent of the Duke of Somerset) that is below the rank of Earl (for the heir apparent of a duke). (Is Mandeville a toponym?)

*Viscount Mandeville
**&quot;Kim&quot; (George Victor Drogo) Montagu [8th Duke], (18 August 1855  – 22 March 1890)
**[[Social Victorians/People/William Angus Drogo Montagu|William Angus Drogo Montagu]], 9th Duke (22 March 1890 – 18 August 1892)
**Alexander George Francis Drogo Montagu (2 October 1902 – 9 February 1947)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2020-10-15|title=Alexander Montagu, 10th Duke of Manchester|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Montagu,_10th_Duke_of_Manchester&amp;oldid=983660353|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*Viscountess Mandeville
**Consuelo Iznaga y Clement Montagu [8th Duchess] (22 May 1876 – 22 March 1890)
**Helena Zimmerman Montagu (14 November 1890 – 18 August 1892)
*Lord Kimbolton
** [[Social Victorians/People/William Angus Drogo Montagu|William Angus Drogo Montagu]], 9th Duke (1877 – 22 March 1890)

== Acquaintances, Friends and Enemies ==

=== &quot;Kim&quot; Montagu, 8th Duke, Lord Mandeville until 1890 ===

==== Friends ====

* Edward Russell, 24th Baron de Clifford
* Derrick Westenra, 5th Baron Rossmore
* Francis Needham, 3rd Earl of Kilmorey

=== Consuelo Iznaga y Clement Montagu ===

==== Friends ====
*Consuelo Iznaga y Clement Montagu was in the intimate circle of [[Social Victorians/People/Albert Edward, Prince of Wales |Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]].

==Organizations==

=== &quot;Kim&quot; Montagu, 8th Duke, Lord Mandeville until 1890 ===

* Eton&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

=== Consuelo Iznaga y Clement Montagu ===
* Consuelo Iznaga y Clement Montagu was a member of the New York City social set called the Buccaneers when she was a teenager.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2020-10-06|title=Consuelo Montagu, Duchess of Manchester|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Consuelo_Montagu,_Duchess_of_Manchester&amp;oldid=982192002|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Edith Wharton is said to have take details from the 8th Duke's marriage ''The Buccaneers''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2020-10-06|title=George Montagu, 8th Duke of Manchester|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=George_Montagu,_8th_Duke_of_Manchester&amp;oldid=982188929|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Timeline ==
'''1855 August 18''', the 6th Duke died. The families &quot;placed in mourning&quot;:&lt;blockquote&gt;He is succeeded in the Dukedom by his eldest son, Viscount Mandeville, M.P. By the melancholy event the families of the Marquess and Marchioness of Tweeddale, the Duchess of Wellington, the Duke of Montrose, Lord and Lady Olivia Ossulston [?], Lady Eliza [Elisa?] Steele, the Duke of Richmond, the Countess of St Germans, Lady Sophia Cecil, and many others of rank, are placed in mourning.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Death of the Duke of Manchester.&quot; ''Edinburgh Evening Post and Scottish Standard'' 22 August 1855, Wednesday: 2 [of 4], Col. 5c [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.com/image-viewer?issue=BL%2F0001177%2F18550822&amp;page=2&amp;article=025&amp;stringtohighlight=mandeville+viscount. Print title ''Edinburgh Evening Post and Scottish Record''; n.p.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;'''1855 October 11, Wednesday''', H. I. Cridland says in a &quot;Notice,&quot;&lt;blockquote&gt;I will hold Audit Days at Lyttelton, on Wednesday, 11th October, for the receipt of rents and other monies due to the 25th of September, on account of the Soames, Jackson, Ecclesiastical, and Lyttelton Trust Estates, the lands of Lord Mandeville, Lady Emily Bathurst, Lady Olivia Sparrow, Rev. J. P. Rhoades, Rev. Charles Hodge, Dr. Merrion C. T. Maunsell, George Hart, late William Draper, and J. E. Fitz Gerald, Esqrs. ... Tenants are requested to present their last receipt.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Notice.&quot; ''Lyttelton Times'' 6 October 1855, Saturday: 1 [of 10], Col. 3c [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.com/image-viewer?issue=BL%2F0003346%2F18551006&amp;page=1&amp;article=004&amp;stringtohighlight=mandeville+viscount. Newspaper title ''The Lyttelton Times'', n.p.

&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;This notice was repeated in the ''Lyttelton Times'' on 29 December 1855.&lt;p&gt;

'''1855 October 20, Saturday''', house party at Heaton Hall, hosted by the Earl and Countess of Wilton. [[Social Victorians/People/Louisa Montagu Cavendish|Luise, Duchess of Manchester]] was present with the Duke and their son Lord Mandeville (Kim, later 8th Duke), who was 2 years old:&lt;blockquote&gt;The Earl and Countess of Wilton have, during the week, entertained a very distinguished party of visitors, at Heaton Hall, comprising the Duchess of Cambridge, the Princess Mary of Cambridge, the Duke and Duchess of Manchester, the Earl and Countess of Derby, Lady Emma Stanley, Viscount and Viscountess Newport, Lady Rokeby, and the two Misses Montague, Viscount Canterbury, Lord Otho Fitzgerald, Lord Mandeville, the Hon. B. Grosvenor, Colonel Parker, and Major Macdonald. We understand that private theatricals have formed a portion of the entertainments furnished by the Earl and Countess of Wilton for the amusement of their royal and illustrious guests. — Yesterday afternoon Mr. Grundy had the honour of a visit at his Fine Arts Repository in Exchange-street, from the distinguished party, accompanied by the Earl and Countess of Wilton, whose arrival in their brilliant equipages with postillions and outriders, caused considerable sensation in our busy thoroughfares. Having spent some time, they proceeded to the silk mill of Messrs. J. and T. Houldsworth and Co., silk manufacturers and embroiderers, Portland-street, which, after entering their names in the visitors' book, they inspected, under the guidance of Mr. James Houldsworth, examining every process, from the embroidering to the Jacquard weaving, and more especially admiring the manufactured goods, several purchases of choice pieces being made by the lady visitors. At the conclusion of the inspection of the works, which lasted about an hour, the visitors returned to Heaton Hall.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Royal and Distinguished Visitors at Heaton  Hall.&quot; ''Manchester Courier'' 20 October 1855, Saturday: 7 [of 12], Col. 1a [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.com/image-viewer?issue=BL%2F0000206%2F18551020. Newspaper title: ''The Manchester Courier, and Lancashire General Advertiser'', p. 7.

&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;A shorter article appeared in the ''St. James's Chronicle'':&lt;blockquote&gt;The Duchess of Cambridge, the Princess Mary of Cambridge, the Duke and Duchess of Manchester, Lord Mandeville, Lord 0tho Fitzgerald, Lord and Lady Newport, Lord Canterbury, and Colonel Parker, who have been spending the week at Heaton Hall, near Prestwich, with the Earl and Countess of Wilton, visited Manchester, and spent some time at Mr. Grundy's Repository of Art, Royal Exchange-street, yesterday. The distinguished visitors afterwards went through the silk manufactory of Mr. Houldsworth, in Portland-street. They were accompanied by the Earl and Countess of Wilton.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Gazette.&quot; ''Saint James's Chronicle'' 20 October 1855, Saturday: 2 [of 4], Col. 4b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' [https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.com/image-viewer?issue=BL%2F0002193%2F18551020&amp;page=2&amp;article=021&amp;stringtohighlight=mandeville+viscount https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.com/image-viewer?issue=BL%2F0002193%2F18551020&amp;page=2]. Same title. n.p.

&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;'''1876 May 22''', Consuelo Iznaga y Clement and &quot;Kim&quot; (George Victor Drogo, 8th Duke) Montagu married in Grace Church, New York City.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

'''1890 March 4''', Consuelo's brother Fernando Yznaga married New York &quot;beauty and society leader&quot; Miss Mabel Wright.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Personal.&quot; ''American Register'' 22 March 1890, Saturday: 5 [of 8], Col. 5a [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.com/image-viewer?issue=BL%2F0003338%2F18900322&amp;page=5&amp;article=070&amp;stringtohighlight=mandeville+viscount. Same print title and p.&lt;/ref&gt; Presumably at least Consuelo was there?

'''1890 February 25, Tuesday''', Consuelo Lady Mandeville attended a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1890#25 February 1890, Tuesday|party hosted by Mrs. Adair]]. Viscount Mandeville is not listed among those who attended.

'''1890 March 10, Monday''', the Prince and Princess of Wales gave a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1890#10 March 1890, Monday10 March 1890, Monday|dance at Marlborough House in honor of their wedding anniversary]]. The Viscountess Mandeville is listed among the guests invited, but the Viscount is not mentioned. 

'''1890 March 22, Saturday''', the Portsmouth ''Evening News'' expressed outrage about a man with a reputation like Kim's becoming 8th Duke of Manchester:&lt;blockquote&gt;While the House of Commons were debating the necessity for a House of Lords, the Duke of Manchester was on his death bed in Naples. There is more in the incident than appears at first sight, for Viscount Mandeville succeeds to the Dukedom, with the attendant rights of presentation to seven livings and the privilege of mutilating or rejecting Bills demanded by the people and passed by their representatives in the Commons.&lt;p&gt;

It will hardly be urged by the moat zealous advocate of the Upper Chamber, as at present constituted, that the new Duke of Manchester, ''nee'' Viscount Mandeville, will bring much dignity, wisdom, or weight to the House of irresponsible legislators. This nobleman has had a merry time. The one sensible thing he did was to marry a charming and accomplished American lady, who, by consenting to share the name of Mandeville has kept its head above water. Viscount Mandeville himself has a weakness for bankruptcy proceedings, rows with cabmen, which music hall ladies come forward to take his part, and the class of events generally which do not approve themselves to the minds of the ordinary Briton. It is possible that Lord Mandeville may now discover that he has sown his wild oats, and may settle down with his beautiful and popular wife to the enjoyment of his  25,000 acres of land and £38,000 a-year. We have not to do with what Lord Mandeville may be. Our simple duty is to point out that it is an outrage on common decency and common sense that a man bearing the reputation of Lord Mandeville should have the right to step into the House of Lords whenever a vote is needed to swell the prejudice or sustain the selfishness that find among the Peers their natural home.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;To-Day.&quot; ''Portsmouth Evening News'' 22 March 1890, Saturday: 2 [of 4], Col. 1c [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.com/image-viewer?issue=BL%2F0000290%2F18900322&amp;page=2&amp;article=001&amp;stringtohighlight=mandeville+viscount. Print title: ''The Evening News'', n.p.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;The ''Birmingham Daily Mail'' had a similar opinion, though perhaps slightly more optimistic:&lt;blockquote&gt;The Duke of Manchester, who expired last night at Naples, cannot be said to have been much of a public man. He led a quiet, retired life, and the announcement of his death would, if Lord  Mandeville were not heir to the title, arouse but little interest. Lord Mandeville is, unfortunately for himself, more widely known than his father was. He developed tastes for gambling, with disastrous financial results, as the details of his bankruptcy made public last year, and more recently, his name has been publicly associated with those of prizefighters and music-hall singers. Altogether, he can hardly be termed a credit to the aristocracy of England, but the higher position to which he will now attain may cause him to alter his ways and try redeem the errors of the past.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Notes and News.&quot; ''Birmingham Mail'' 22 March 1890, Saturday: 2 [of 4], Col. 3a [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.com/image-viewer?issue=BL%2F0000644%2F18900322&amp;page=2&amp;article=027&amp;stringtohighlight=mandeville+viscount. Print title: ''Birmingham Daily Mail'', n.p.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;On the same day, Consuelo's brother and new wife were reported to apparently be immigrating to the UK:&lt;blockquote&gt;Among the immigrants, says a London lady correspondent, is a New York belle who has just been married to Mr. Ferdinand Yznaga, brother to Lady Mandeville and of Lady Lister-Kaye. Young Mrs. Yznaga will enter London society under the wing of her sister-in-law, Lady Mandeville, and is expected to make as great a furore as did Mrs. Langtry a few seasons ago. Mr. Yznaga married a sister-in-law of Mr. Vanderbilt, who divorced him two years ago.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;An American Belle.&quot; ''Huddersfield and Holmfirth Examiner'' 22 March 1890, Saturday: 6 [of 16], Col. 4a [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.com/image-viewer?issue=BL%2F0003869%2F18900322&amp;page=6&amp;article=006&amp;stringtohighlight=mandeville+viscount. Print title: ''The Huddersfield Examiner'', p. 6.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;'''1890 November 14''', William Angus Drogo Montagu (9th Duke) and Helena Zimmerman married secretly, in London.

'''1897 July 2''', the Duke and Duchess of Devonshire ( [[Social Victorians/People/Louisa Montagu Cavendish|Luise Friederike Auguste Gräfin von Alten Montagu Cavendish]] and [[Social Victorians/People/Spencer Compton Cavendish|Spencer Cavendish]]) hosted the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball|Duchess of Devonshire's fancy-dress ball]] at Devonshire House. Lord Charles Montagu, likely Charles William Augustus Montagu, attended, as did [[Social Victorians/People/William Angus Drogo Montagu|William Angus Drogo Montagu]].

== Demographics ==

===Nationality===
*Consuelo Iznaga y Clement was Cuban-American.
*Helena Zimmerman was American.
*George, William and Alexander Montagu were British.

=== Residences ===

* 1890: &quot;The family estates — 27,312 acres, with a nominal rent-roll of £40,000 — were chiefly situated in Huntingdonshire and Armagh.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Men and Things.&quot; (London) ''Echo'' 22 March 1890, Saturday: 1 [of 4], Col. 6b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.com/image-viewer?issue=BL%2F0004596%2F18900322&amp;page=1&amp;article=010&amp;stringtohighlight=mandeville+viscount. Same print title, n.p.&lt;/ref&gt;
* In 1890 at the death of the 7th Duke, Kimbolton Castle:

&lt;blockquote&gt;The Duke of Manchester... He was an old-fashioned Tory, and a man of simple tastes, whose chief interests were military and agricultural rather than political. Kimbolton Castle is a magnificent place, and the Duke's horses and troop of yeomanry were always the admiration of the Prince of Wales, the Marquis of Hartington, and many other visitors. Lord Hartington, it may be mentioned, was at Kimbolton when the news came of the  breaking out of the war between France and Germany [1871], he being a member of the Cabinet. The Duke had travelled much as a young man, and was familiar with the Continent, as also with South Africa, of which he was very fond. There is a private chapel at Kimbolton Castle, connected with which is a very extensive library containing some theological and historical volumes of great value. Notwithstanding his somewhat bluff manner the Duke was liked by the tenantry and poor from the kindly interest he took in their concerns. Even the poachers had a good word for his Grace. The feature, however, of the Duke's career was the marked contrast between his pursuits and those of the Duchess. The Duke loved every blade of grass, every tree and flower on his ancestral domain, and cared nothing for London life in its modern developments. Lord Mandeville [the 8th Duke] succeeds to the title, but the estates are heavily mortgaged.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Death of the Duke of Manchester.&quot; ''Pall Mall Gazette'' 22 March 1890, Saturday: 6 [of 8], Col. 2b [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.com/image-viewer?issue=BL%2F0000098%2F18900322&amp;page=6&amp;article=014&amp;stringtohighlight=mandeville+viscount. Same print title and p.

&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Family ==
*Consuelo (María Consuelo) Iznaga y Clement Montagu, Duchess of Manchester (1853 – 20 November 1909), née Doña María Consuelo Iznaga y Clement&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
*&quot;Kim&quot; (George Victor Drogo) Montagu, 8th Duke of Manchester (17 June 1853 – 18 August 1892)&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
#William Angus Drogo Montagu, 9th Duke of Manchester (3 March 1877 – 9 February 1947)
#Jacqueline Mary Alva Montagu (27 November 1879 – 15 March 1895).
#Alice Eleanor Louise Montagu (27 November 1879 – 10 January 1900)


*[[Social Victorians/People/William Angus Drogo Montagu|William Angus Drogo Montagu]], 9th Duke of Manchester (3 March 1877 – 9 February 1947)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2020-10-08|title=William Montagu, 9th Duke of Manchester|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Montagu,_9th_Duke_of_Manchester&amp;oldid=982513036|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*Helena Zimmerman Montagu (25 September 1878 – 15 December 1971)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2020-10-08|title=Helena, Countess of Kintore|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helena,_Countess_of_Kintore&amp;oldid=982513630|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
#Mary Alice Montagu Gregory (26 October 1901 – 9 October 1962)
#Alexander George Francis Drogo Montagu, 10th Duke of Manchester (2 October 1902 – 23 November 1977)
#Edward Eugene Fernando Montagu (26 July 1906 – 4 May 1954/1956)
#Ellen Millicent Louise Montagu Hofer Shairp (5 January 1908 – 2 August 1948)

=== Relations ===
The three Iznaga y Clement sisters were prominent in London &quot;Society&quot;:
*Consuelo (María Consuelo) Iznaga Montagu, Duchess of Manchester (1853 – 20 November 1909)
*Emilie Iznaga y Clement ()
*Natividad (Natica) Iznaga y Clement Lister-Kaye ()

== Questions and Notes ==
*In a ''British Newspaper Archive'' search for name=mandeville keyword=#viscount for 18 August 1855–22 March 1890 (September 2026), first did &quot;Publication date oldest first,&quot; but Kim was 2 years old when his grandfather died and his father acceded to the dukedom, so on p. 57 of the search results (the page containing 1 January 1856) I switched to &quot;Publication date newest first.&quot; Decided it would be more fruitful to work backwards.

== Papers, Memoirs and Biographies ==
== Footnotes ==
{{reflist}}</text>
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    <title>Universal Bibliography/Countries</title>
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      <text bytes="41786" sha1="q6exdokg3l0ohmfbj3kremuzhlx9lrk" xml:space="preserve">{{Bibliography}}

See also [[Universal Bibliography/Geography|Geography]].

See [[w:Category:Bibliographies of countries or regions]] and [[w:Category:Works about countries]].

This part of the [[Universal Bibliography]] is a bibliography of countries (including former countries).

==Countries==
*Bateman and Egan (eds). The Encyclopedia of World Geography: A Country by Country Guide. 1993. Revised 1997.
*Peter Stalker. Handbook of the World. 2000. A Guide to Countries of the World. (Oxford Guide to Countries of the World. 2nd Ed: 2004, 2nd Revised Ed: 2007 [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=GtztAAAAMAAJ], 3rd Ed: 2010 [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=gvKvfxkbZ1AC&amp;pg=PP1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false]
*Countries of the World and Their Leaders Yearbook. Gale. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=5etKAAAAYAAJ] [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=p41OAAAAIAAJ]
*Hutchinson Guide to Countries of the World [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=GgpjUe4kN_IC]
*The World Guide: Global Reference, Country by Country. 11th Ed: 2007 [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=EoWoLgAACAAJ]
*Spence. The World Today: A Nation-by-Nation Guide. Cassell. 1994. 1999. [https://books.google.com/books?id=Ub8qOQAACAAJ]
*Worldmark Encyclopedia of the Nations [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=I0oYAQAAMAAJ]
*Kurian. Encyclopedia of the World's Nations. Facts on File. Reviews: [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Y1EnAQAAIAAJ] [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=lz0RAQAAMAAJ]
*Michael O'Mara. Facts about the World's Nations. 1999. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=mygYAAAAIAAJ]
*Status of the World's Nations. 1965 [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=sftEyRbAXMUC&amp;pg=PP1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false]. 1973 [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=kw2U_Cg2gKYC&amp;pg=PP3#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false].
*[[s:Author:John Alexander Hammerton|Hammerton, John Alexander]] (ed). Countries of the World. Published at the Fleetway House. 6 vols. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=e6IaAQAAMAAJ] [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=K5oaAQAAMAAJ]
*[[s:Author:Robert Brown (1842-1895)|Brown, Robert]]. The Countries of the World. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=nO0DAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PP13#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false]
*A Morely Dell. The Countries of the World. (Harrap's New Geographical Series). 1932. (School certificate). Reviews: [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=oSS9PB_Jf7AC] [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=BicVAAAAIAAJ] [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=5qBOAAAAIAAJ] [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=YbwcAQAAIAAJ] [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=sc1AAAAAIAAJ]

General series:
*National Geographic Countries of the World [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=IT2wfzVIPykC]
*Countries of the World. Evans Brothers. (GCSE) [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=a3sZvWc7E1EC&amp;pg=PA1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false]
*One Europe. Longman. [https://search.worldcat.org/en/title/west-germany-adapted-by-lj-russon-from-the-original-german-by-sylvia-lof-ingrid-mallberg-dietrich-rosenthal/oclc/561591761]
*Collier's Nations of the World. The Nations of the World: An Historical Series. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=VJY-AAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PP8#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false]
*Collier's History of Nations. The History of Nations. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=fmSUfTY5E80C]
*The Story of the Nations. T Fisher Unwin.
*The World and Its Peoples. (The Illustrated Library of the World and Its Peoples). Greystone Press, New York.
*World and Its Peoples. Marshall Cavendish. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=oms5xjI7ba0C&amp;pg=PA141#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false]

==England==
===Counties===
See [[s:Portal:Counties]]

* Harrison, &quot;County Bibliography&quot; (1886) 3 Library Chronicle [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Wz9FAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA49#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false 49]

General series
*Victoria County History
*Oxford County Histories
*Pinnock's County Histories
*Shire County Guides. Shire Publications.
*Cambridge County Geographies
*Pike's New Century Series
*[[s:Page:County Churches of Cornwall.djvu/6|County Churches]]. G Allen.

Avon
*Moore. Avon Local History Handbook. Phillimore. 1979. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=h0kjAAAAMAAJ] Bibliography, p 102

Bedfordshire
*Conisbee, Lewis Ralph. A Bedfordshire Bibliography. Bedfordshire Historical Record Society. Bedford. 1962. Supplements 1967, 1971, 1978. Third supplement by Threadgill. Review: 6 Archives 52 [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=oOMZAAAAYAAJ]. See also [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=MjspAAAAYAAJ] [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=PejgAAAAMAAJ]
*Godber. History of Bedfordshire. 1969. 1984. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=jdvwPQAACAAJ]
*Pinnock. The History and Topography of Bedfordshire [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=9bJYAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PR3#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false]
*Parry. Select Illustrations, Historical and Topographical, of Bedfordshire [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=UTUJAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PP7#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false]
*Blyth. The History of Bedford and Visitor's Guide. 1873 [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=IuIGAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PP5#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false]
*Cambridge County Geographies [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=kTc8AAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PP1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false]

Buckinghamshire
*Reed. A History of Buckinghamshire. 1993 [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=BtkWAQAAIAAJ]

Cambridgeshire
*Carter. History of the County of Cambridge [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=jXpbAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PR3#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false]
*Babington. Ancient Cambridgeshire [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=DPrCAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PP1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false]

Devon
*Ravenhill and Rowe. Devon Maps and Map-makers [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=tjf2yAEACAAJ]
*Wright. A Plea for a Devonshire Bibliography. 1885 [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=8ZUDAAAAQAAJ]

Derbyshire
*Woore. A Catalogue of Local Maps of Derbyshire, C.1528-1800. 2012. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=oWmCMwEACAAJ]
*O'Neal. A Bibliography of Derbyshire Lead Mining. 1961

Essex
*Cunnington. Catalogue of Books, Maps and Manuscripts, relating to or connected with the County of Essex. 1902 [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=oIcqpibGE4MC]
*&quot;The Bibliography of Essex&quot; (1882) 1 Antiquarian Magazine &amp; Bibliographer [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=dEkEAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA72#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false 72]. See also [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=dEkEAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA283#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false p 283].
*&quot;The Bibliography of Essex&quot; (1891) 5 The Essex Naturalist 30 [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=iIo1AQAAMAAJ]
*Moon. Essex Literature. 1900. Review: 61 Literary World 438 [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=2T0ZAAAAYAAJ] See also [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=1Y4UAQAAIAAJ] [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=C_pEAAAAMAAJ]
*Fenn and Lowery, &quot;An Essex Bibliography&quot;, Journal of the South West Essex Technical College, vols 2 &amp; 3
*Victoria County History bibliography. 1959 [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=F2EJAQAAIAAJ]
*O'Leary, John Gerard. A Supplement to the Essex Bibliography. Dagenham. 1962.
*A Bibliography of Essex Archaeology &amp; History
*Essex and Dagenham: A Catalogue of Books, Pamphlets and Maps. Dagenham. 1961
*Essex Archaeology and History: The Transactions of the Essex Society for Archaeological and History [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=CtFAAAAAYAAJ]
*Essex Naturalist: Being the Journal of the Essex Field Club
*Wright. The History and Topography of the County of Essex [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=SgQVAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PP9#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false]
*Ogborne, The History of Essex [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=IeVSAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PP5#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false]
*Suckling. Memorials of the Antiquities and Architecture, Family History and Heraldry of the County of Essex [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=bcw_AAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PP7#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false]
*Hunter, The Essex Landscape: A Study of Its Form and History [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=w9kWAQAAIAAJ]
*Cambridge County Geography [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=GPHa_X_0qo0C&amp;pg=PR3#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false]
*Sokoll. Essex  Pauper Letters, 1731-1837 [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=rCLia7XlqtMC&amp;pg=PP1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false]
*Morant. The History and Antiquities of Colchester in the County of Essex [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=DDgtAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PP9#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false]
*Wallen. The History and Antiquities of the Round Church at Little Maplestead, Essex [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FPYVAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PR1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false]

Kent
*Smith. Bibliotheca Cantiana. 1837. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=1dJDAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PP11#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false]

Leicestershire
*Kirkby, C V (compiler). Catalogue of the books, pamphlets, &amp;c., relating to Leicestershire in the Central Reference Library. Leicester Free Public Libraries. 1893. Reviews: [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=3boqAQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA84#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false] [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=UcHnAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA728#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false]
*Leicestershire and Rutland Bibliography, 1963-65 (1966) [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=-OhVAAAAYAAJ 40] Leicestershire Archaeological and Historical Society: Transactions (1964/5) 92. Available as pdf from University of Leicester.
*Leicestershire and Rutland Bibliography, 1961-63. Available as pdf from University of Leicester.
*Leicestershire and Rutland Bibliography, 1960-61. Available as pdf from University of Leicester.
*A Bibliography of the Small Towns in Leicestershire and Rutland, 1600–1850. (Dissertation). [https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/educational_resource/A_bibliography_of_the_small_towns_in_Leicestershire_and_Rutland_1600_1850/9414200]
*Loughborough's Heritage: A Bibliography of the Holdings of Leicestershire Libraries and Information Service and Record Office. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Bwx2zgEACAAJ]
*Keith Ambrose and Frank Williams, &quot;Bibliography of the Geology of Leicestershire and Rutland: Part 2: 1971-2003&quot; (2004) [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=U-tQAQAAIAAJ 16] The Mercian Geologist 5. Available as pdf from East Midlands Geological Society.
*Parsons and Brandwood. A Bibliography of Leicestershire Churches. 1978.
*Education in Leicestershire: A Bibliography. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=X6EfzQEACAAJ]

Sussex
*Brent, Fletcher and McCann. Sussex in the 16th and 17th Centuries: A Bibliography. 2nd Ed [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=I7UtAAAAYAAJ]
*Farrant. Sussex in the 18th and 19th Centuries: A Bibliography. 1st Ed: 1973, 2nd Ed: 1977 [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=MLUtAAAAYAAJ], 3rd Ed: 1979

==France==
Bibliography:
*Bibliographie de la France. Commentary: Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science, vol 37, supplement 2, [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=10rgjNvOV8oC&amp;pg=PA145#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false p 145]; The Bookseller, 6 January 1881, [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=4dsiAQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA10#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false p 10]; Stein, Manuel de bibliographie générale, [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=lJYPyKjV1qYC&amp;pg=PA23#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false p 23]. 
*Girault de Saint-Fargeau. Bibliographie historique et topographique de la France. 1845 [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=kClB9CQNZoMC&amp;pg=PP9#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false]
*Catalogue d'une collection d'ouvrages sur l'histoire des provinces de la France. 1842 [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=qQBX5WZouzAC&amp;pg=PP1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false]

Landscape:
*Beaujeu-Garnier. France. (The World's Landscapes). 1975. [https://books.google.com/books?id=nwxDAQAAIAAJ]

Agenais:
*Andrieu. Bibliographie générale de l’Agenais et des parties du Condomois et du Bazadais. 1886 to 1891. Reprinted 1969.

Alsace:
*Ristelhuber. Bibliographie alsacienne. 1869 to 1873 [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=0mhLAQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PP13#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false]
*Bibliographie alsacienne: Revue critique des publications concernant l'Alsace. 1918 to 1936
*Ritter. Répertoire bibliographique des livres imprimés en Alsace aux XVe et XVIe siècles [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=DewaAQAAMAAJ]

Angoumois:
*Castaigne. Essai d'une bibliothèque historique de l'Angoumois, ou Catalogue raisonné des principaux ouvrages qui traitent des différentes branches de l'histoire de cette province. 1847 [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=R-UanmmlvAEC&amp;pg=PP7#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false]

Anjou:
*Braguier and Braguier. Archéologie en Anjou: bibliographie. 1984 [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=LvsmAQAAIAAJ]

Auvergne:
*Gonot. Catalogue des ouvrages imprimés et manuscrits concernant l'Auvergne, extrait du catalogue général de la Bibliotlèque de Clermont-Fd (Puy-de-Dome). 1849. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=yCFtbObRCbUC&amp;pg=PP13#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false]
*Catalogue des livres et estampes concernant l'ancienne Province d'Auvergne (Puy-de-Dôme, Cantal, Haute-Loire) réunis par feu M. G. Desbouis. 1865. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Ui4S8_D0N74C&amp;pg=PP7#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false]

Béarn
*&quot;Bibliographie Béarnaise&quot;, Revue de Pau et du Béarn [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FuZnAAAAMAAJ] Commentary: [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FQYqvPo9D9IC&amp;pg=PA158#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false] [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=RL9VAAAAYAAJ]

Brittany
*Sacher. Bibliographie de la Bretagne, ou Catalogue général des ouvrages historiques, littéraires et scientifiques parus sur la Bretagne, avec la liste des revues publiées en cette province, les prix approximatifs des volumes rares, etc. 1881 [https://archive.org/details/bibliographiede00sach]

Burgundy:
*Milsand. Bibliographie bourguignonne; ou, Catalogue méthodique d'ouvrages relatifs à la Bourgogne: Sciences - Arts - Histoire. 1885 [https://archive.org/details/bibliographiebo00milsgoog] [https://archive.org/details/bibliographiebo00sciegoog] [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=CxIIAAAAQAAJ]
*Catalogue des manuscrits de la Bibliothèque royale des ducs de Bourgogne. 1842 [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FX5MAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PR3#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false]
*The Companion Guide to Burgundy [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=NraRP0AkDT0C&amp;pg=PP3#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false]
*Lecat. The Golden Book of Burgundy. (The Golden Book) [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FyzR9qU1Zl4C&amp;lpg=PP1&amp;pg=PP1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false]
*Gwynn. Burgundy: With Chapters on the Jura and Savoy. (Kitbag Travel Books). 1935 [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ny1LAAAAMAAJ]
*Bazin. Wonderful Burgundy. 1988. 1997 [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Yt1CRdICWCUC]
*Bailey. Burgundy. (Insight Guides). 1993 [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Q69a1dMW2NQC]
*Dunlop. Burgundy. Hamilton.1990 [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=S_1OAAAAMAAJ]

Champagne:
*Lhermitte. Ouvrages sur la Champagne: contribution à la bibliographie champenoise. 1992. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=jbPfAAAAMAAJ]

Dauphiné:
*Mélanges biographiques et bibliographiques relatifs à l'histoire littéraire du Dauphiné par Colomb de Batines et Ollivier Jules. 1837 [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=2F5MAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PR3#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false]

Lorraine:
*Bibliographie lorraine. Académie nationale de Metz [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=n-DfAAAAMAAJ]

Maine:
*Desportes. Bibliographie du Maine, précédée de la description topographique et hydrographique du diocése du Mans, Sarthe et Mayenne. 1844. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=hSk-AAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PR3#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false]

Normandy:
*Frère. Manuel du bibliographe Normand ou dictionnaire bibliographique et historique. 1858 to 1860. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=dp6geJClg1YC&amp;pg=PP13#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false vol 1]

==Japan==
Bibliography and literature
*Hideo Kaneko. &quot;Japanese Literature and Bibliography&quot;. Kent, Lancour and Daily (eds). Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science. Marcel Dekker. 1977. vol 21. pp [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=H1pNvzr_n98C&amp;pg=PA131#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false 131] to 176.

Bibliography
*Jozef Rogala. A Collector's Guide to Books on Japan in English: An Annotated List of Over 2500 Titles with Subject Index. 2001. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=7KI9ao-w2FEC&amp;pg=PP1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false]
*Ria Koopmans-de Bruijn. Area Bibliography of Japan. (Scarecrow Area Bibliographies). Scarecrow Press. 1998. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Hlx2OMjgUi0C&amp;pg=PR1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false]
*Frank Joseph Shulman. Japan. (World Bibliographical Series, vol 103). Clio Press. 1989. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=LsoUAQAAIAAJ]
*Eibun Nihon Kankei Tosho Mokuroku, 1945-1981. (Japanese: 英文日本関係図書目録, 1945-1981). (English: Catalogue of Books in English on Japan, 1945-1981). Japan Foundation. Tokyo. 1986.
*Japan: analytical bibliography: with supplementary research aids: and selected data on Okinawa . . . Department of the Army. Washington. 1972. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=h4d4nYxrxtMC&amp;pg=PP7#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false]
*Books on Japan in Western Languages. The International Christian University Library. 1971. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=F2bQAAAAMAAJ]
*Books on Japan: A List of Acquisitions, 1955-1970. International House of Japan Library. 1971. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=F8sWAQAAIAAJ]
*Fukuda. Union Catalog of Books on Japan in Western Languages. 1968. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=HKYyAQAAIAAJ]
*A Classified List of Books in Western Languages Relating to Japan. University of Tokyo Press. 1965. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=U8MUAQAAIAAJ]
*Katsuji Yabuki (ed). Japan Bibliographic Annual. Published by the Hokuseido Press for the Japan Writers Society. 1956 and 1957.
**Japan Bibliographic Annual 1956. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=9XLQAAAAMAAJ]
**Japan Bibliographic Annual 1957. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=vesSAAAAIAAJ]. Reviews: (1957) 13 Monumenta Nipponica 166 (April-July) [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=8S1yb-iwrOwC] (1957) 25 The Oriental Economist 212 (April) [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=QELoAAAAMAAJ]
*Haring. Books on Japan: A Reference List. 1955. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=RbDoAAAAMAAJ]
*Borton. A Selected List of Books and Articles on Japan in English, French, and German. 1940: [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=YYIsAAAAYAAJ]. Revised and enlarged. Harvard University Press. 1954: [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=F8O2VwJUPUkC].
**A Selected List of Books on Japan in Western Languages (1945-1960). (Studies on Asia Abroad, vol 1). The Information Centre of Asian Studies, The Toyo Bunko. 1964. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=i1_QAAAAMAAJ]
*Oskar Nachod. Bibliography of the Japanese Empire 1906-1926. 1928. [https://archive.org/details/bibliographyofja0001oska/page/n8/mode/1up vol 1]. [https://archive.org/details/bibliographyofja0002oska/page/n6/mode/1up vol 2].
*Fr. von Wenckstern. A Bibliography of the Japanese Empire: being a Classified List of All Books, Essays and Maps in European Languages relating to Dai Nihon (Great Japan) published in Europe, America and in the East from 1859-93 . . . 1895. vol 1. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=dcVAAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PR1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false] [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=v7lO4ddqDywC&amp;pg=PR3#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false]
**Volume 2, from 1894 to the middle of 1906. 1907. [https://archive.org/details/bibliographyofja0002frvo/page/n6/mode/1up]
*Hyman Kublin. What Shall I Read on Japan? An Introductory Guide. Japan Society, New York. 1971. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=yRRUAAAAYAAJ]

Japanese studies
*An Introductory Bibliography for Japanese Studies. The Japan Foundation. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=53O6AAAAIAAJ]
*Richard Perren. Japanese Studies from Pre-History to 1990: A Bibliographical Guide. 1992. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=CN9RAQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PP1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false]. &quot;Bibliographies&quot; at pp 1 to 3.
*K.B.S. Bibliography of Standard Reference Books for Japanese Studies, with Descriptive Notes. University of Tokyo Press. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=95wbAAAAMAAJ]
*[[w:en:Monumenta Nipponica|Monumenta Nipponica]]
*[[w:en:Japan Forum|Japan Forum]]. British Association for Japanese Studies. [https://www.tandfonline.com/journals/rjfo20]
*Japanese Studies. Japanese Studies Association of Australia. ISSN 1037-1397. [https://www.tandfonline.com/journals/cjst20]
*[[w:en:The Journal of Japanese Studies|The Journal of Japanese Studies]]. University of California Press.
*Nichibunken Newsletter. [[w:en:International Research Center for Japanese Studies|International Research Center for Japanese Studies]]. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=5TnjAAAAMAAJ] [https://www.nichibun.ac.jp/en/publications/data/news/] [https://newsletter.nichibun.ac.jp/en/]

History and culture
*John W Dower. Japanese History &amp; Culture from Ancient to Modern Times: Seven Basic Bibliographies. 1986. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=NX67AAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PP1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false]. &quot;Bibliographies &amp; Research Guides&quot; at chapter 6.

Research guides
*Mindy L Kotler. Information Gathering on Japan: A Primer. Search Associates. 1988. ISBN 9780962546006. Catalogue: [https://search.worldcat.org/zh-cn/title/Information-gathering-on-Japan-Joho-:-a-primer/oclc/20530148]. Review: (1989) [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=NZLiAAAAMAAJ 27] Choice 82

Encyclopedias

See also [[w:ja:Japanese encyclopedias]]
*Louis Frédéric. [[w:Japan Encyclopedia|Japan Encyclopedia]]. Translated by Käthe Roth. 2002. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&amp;pg=PP1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false]
**Louis Frédéric. Le Japon: Dictionnaire et Civilisation. Robert Lafont. Paris. 1996. ISBN 2-221-06764-9.
*Japan: An Illustrated Encyclopedia. Kodansha. 1993.
**Japan: Profile of a Nation. Kodansha. 1995. Revised Edition. 1999.
*[[w:Kodansha Encyclopedia of Japan|Kodansha Encyclopedia of Japan]]. 1983. Supplement. 1986. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=WvApAQAAMAAJ]
*Dorothy Perkins. Encyclopedia of Japan: Japanese History and Culture, from Abacus to Zori. Facts on File. A Roundtable Press Book. 1991. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=JLKGAAAAIAAJ]
*Pictorial Encyclopedia of Modern Japan. Gakken. 1986. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=0FgKAQAAIAAJ]
*Boye Layfayette De Mente. Japan Encyclopedia. 1995. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=f9c7AAAAMAAJ]
**Boye De Mente. Everything Japanese. [The Authoritave Reference on Japan Today]. 1989. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Duku89bARgoC]

Biographical dictionaries
*Wispelway. Japanese Biographical Index [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=4UkhAAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PR3#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false]
*Seiichi Iwao. Biographical Dictionary of Japanese History. Kodansha International. 1978.[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=TkQOAQAAMAAJ]
*Senʼichi Hisamatsu. Biographical Dictionary of Japanese Literature. Kodansha International. 1976. [https://books.google.com/books?id=X3lkAAAAMAAJ]
*Yutaka Tazawa (ed). Biographical Dictionary of Japanese Art. Kodansha International. 1981. [https://books.google.com/books?id=7ozrAAAAMAAJ]
*Japan Biographical Encyclopedia &amp; Who's Who. 1958. Review: [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=lV_VAAAAMAAJ 25] Contemporary Japan 280
**Japan Biographical Encyclopedia &amp; Who's Who (2nd Edition) 1961. The Japan Biographical Research Department, The Rengo Press Ltd. Preface dated October 1960. Commentary: [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=-SZSAAAAMAAJ]
***1961 Supplement. December 1961.
*Shunjiro Kurita. Who's Who in Japan. [https://archive.org/details/WhosWhoInJapan1913/page/n24/mode/1up 2nd Ed].

Reference books
*Nihon No Sanko Tosho. Volume 1: 1965. Volume 2: 1972.
**Guide to Japanese Reference Books. American Library Association. Chicago. 1966: [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=0rflAAAAMAAJ]. Supplement. 1979: [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=j05_F9OHzkQC]. Commentary: Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science, vol 21, [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=H1pNvzr_n98C&amp;pg=PA149#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false p 149].

Media
*[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-15217593 Japan media guide]. News. BBC. 20 March 2023.
*Masaaki Kasagi. Mass Media in Japan. (Orientation seminars on Japan, number 14). 1983. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=odkgAAAAIAAJ]
*Routledge Handbook of Japanese Media [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=zilKDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false]

Publishers
*[https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/international/international-book-news/article/99729-get-to-know-these-japanese-publishing-companies.html Get to Know These Japanese Publishing Companies]. Publishers Weekly. 20 February 2026.

Press and journalism
*[https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/digital-news-report/2025/japan Japan]. Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism. 17 June 2025.
*Marjane Aalam and Philippe Régnier. The Japanese Press and Information System. The Graduate Institute of International Studies. Geneva. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=RTcbAQAAIAAJ]
*The Japanese Press: Past and Present. Japan Newspaper Publishers' and Editors' Association. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=5tcQAAAAIAAJ 1949].
*Anthony Rausch. Japanese Journalism and the Japanese Newspaper: A Supplemental Reader. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=mZrToQEACAAJ]
*Frank L Martin. The Journalism of Japan. 1918. [https://books.google.com/books?id=ruYzAQAAMAAJ]
*William De Lange. A History of Japanese Journalism. Japan Library. 1998. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Rd5tb0cuz8QC&amp;pg=PP1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false]
*Kanesada Hanazono. The Development of Japanese Journalism. Osaka. 1924. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=z99ZAAAAMAAJ]
*Kanesada Hanazono. Journalism in Japan and Its Early Pioneers. 1926. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=IGTFfLc4bq0C]
*César Castellvi. A Sociology of Journalism in Japan: The Last Empire of the Press. 2024. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=a2z8EAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PR4#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false]
*&quot;Japan&quot;. Christopher H Sterling (ed). Encyclopedia of Journalism. A Sage Reference Publication. 2009. ISBN 9780761929574. vol 3. pp [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ZQhDq8fPj2IC&amp;pg=PA809#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false 809] to 815.

Press annuals
*The Japanese Press. (Nihon Shinbun Kyokai). [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=AfvyAAAAMAAJ 1979] [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Au3yAAAAMAAJ 1998]

Summaries of the press
*Daily Summary of Japanese Press

Foreign correspondents
*Foreign Correspondents in Japan: Reporting a Half Century of Upheavals, from 1945 to the Present. Tuttle. 1998. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=YI3TAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PP1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false]

Periodicals
*G Raymond Nunn (comp). Japanese Periodicals and Newspapers in Western Languages: An International Union List. Mansell. 1979. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=jEROAQAAIAAJ]
*Japan Periodicals. Keizai Koho Center. 3rd Ed [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ATm0AAAAIAAJ]. Japan Periodicals, 1982. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=PkMyAAAAMAAJ]
*Japanese Periodicals Index
**Humanities and Social Sciences [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=nXX_RpPGf3AC]
**Natural Sciences [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FCJIAAAAYAAJ]
*Current Japanese Periodicals [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FjO5AAAAIAAJ]
*Check-list of Japanese Periodicals Held in British University and Research Libraries. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=VZgsAAAAYAAJ]
*Union List of Current Japanese Periodicals in the East Asian Libraries of Columbia, Harvard, Princeton, and Yale Universities. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=yw7kAAAAMAAJ]
*List of Japanese Periodicals in the Library of the School of Oriental &amp; African Studies. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=RREjAQAAIAAJ]
*Gianni Simone. [https://www.japantimes.co.jp/community/2011/04/26/issues/english-mags-approach-milestone-crossroads/ English mags approach milestone, crossroads]. The Japan Times. 26 April 2011.
*Japan Report (1955 onwards) (Consulate General of Japan, Japan Information Center). Vol 39 published in 1993. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=MX4BN_frv4IC&amp;pg=PP7#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false] editions:jYuMSMIQC-AC
**Japan Information
*Japan Now [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Nul7DRQaexMC&amp;pg=PP7#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false]
*Japan Quarterly. (Asahi Shimbun). 1954 to 2001. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=nZMMAQAAMAAJ] [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=_RwVAAAAMAAJ] 189 issues.
*Japan Illustrated: The Japan Times Quarterly [Pictorial] Magazine (October 1963 to Summer 1977) 15 vols [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=D7UThOmE8T4C]
*[[w:Japan Spotlight|Japan Spotlight]]. Economy, Culture &amp; History: Japan Spotlight: Bimonthly. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=i7C0AAAAIAAJ]
*Focus Japan. (Japan External Trade Organization, JETRO). [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=2fG2hsEZpRkC]
*The Japan Journal [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=2V3hAAAAMAAJ] [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=CJwoAQAAMAAJ]
*Japan Magazine. Muromachi Publicity Corporation. (vols 1 to 5: 1957 to 1963). [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Swd18PnVeUgC]
*The Japan Magazine: A Representative Monthly of Things Japanese [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ubGKo-p6O_0C] [https://archive.org/details/jm-1914-v4.9-5.2/mode/1up]
*Transactions and Proceedings of the Japan Society, London [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=B75nnph5qHgC&amp;pg=PP5#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false]
**Bulletin. [Bulletin of the Japan Society, London.] [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Pd9KvyhnpjMC]
**The Japan Society of London Bulletin [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=XxlxAAAAMAAJ]
*About Japan. Japan Society, New York. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Nf5OAQAAIAAJ]
**News Bulletin [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_QcA3AQAAIAAJ/page/n2/mode/1up]
*[[w:en:Metropolis (free magazine)|Metropolis]] (metropolisjapan.com)
*[[w:en:Tokyo Weekender|Tokyo Weekender]] (トーキョー・ウィークエンダー) [https://www.tokyoweekender.com/japan-life/news-and-opinion/nhk-world-features-the-tokyo-weekender-magazine/]
*The Japan Gazette [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=WSopAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false]
*The Tokio Times [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=UDfiFBu0vB4C&amp;pg=PA1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false]
*[[w:en:Look Japan|Look Japan]]. (Look Japan Ltd). [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=QnO6AAAAIAAJ]. Commentary: Gale Directory of Publications and Broadcast Media [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ve4dAQAAMAAJ]
*[[w:en:Japan Echo|Japan Echo]]. 1974 to 2010. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Cmq6AAAAIAAJ] [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=fpmEPpl-85UC]
*PHP Intersect. (Where Japan Meets Asia and the World). PHP Institute. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=i74TAQAAMAAJ]
**Intersect Japan [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=sL8TAQAAMAAJ]
*Japan Digest [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=8AcOAQAAMAAJ]
*Speaking of Japan [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=U7S0AAAAIAAJ]. [Speeches.]
*The Hansei Zasshi: A Monthly Magazine [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=6qBhfHZo7Q0C&amp;pg=PP5#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false][https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=dyIsvnYjpwEC&amp;pg=PP6#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false]
**The Orient. 1899 onwards [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=nS1omYYnnd4C&amp;pg=PP5#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false]
*Today's Japan. Orient/West Incorporated. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=g2ASAAAAMAAJ]
*Japan Review: Bulletin of the International Research Center for Japanese Studies. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=GggOAQAAMAAJ]
*[https://www.bloomberg.com/account/newsletters/next-japan Next Japan]. Bloomberg.
*Niponica. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=X2scKgfQS5oC]

Newspapers

See also [[w:List of newspapers in Japan]]
*Haruhara Akihiko, &quot;English-language newspapers in Japan&quot; (1994) 41 Japan Quarterly [https://www.proquest.com/openview/8e2b760f2a2fa37ba164ea675c095353/1 474] (Issue 4: October 1994)
*James Charles Tanner. English Language Newspapers in Bakumatsu Japan. 1977. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Bn2zgzZy_3oC]
*[https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2009/03/03/reference/newspapers-here-soldiering-on/ Newspapers here soldiering on]. The Japan Times. 3 March 2009.

*[[w:The Japan Times|The Japan Times]]
**The Japan Times: Weekly Edition [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=KoQ-AQAAMAAJ] [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=yYQ-AQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false]
*Japan Daily Mail
*Japan Weekly Mail
*The Japan Chronicle
**Weekly Edition [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=vXdRAQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false]
*The Japan News. (The Japan News by The Yomiuri Shimbun)
**Yomiuri Japan News (from 1955)
**The Yomiuri (from 1958)
**The Daily Yomiuri (from 1970)
*The Asahi Shimbun: Asia &amp; Japan Watch. [https://www.asahi.com/sp/ajw/]
**Asahi Evening News (from 1954)
***Tokyo Evening News (1952 to 1954) [https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R100000002-I000000145073]
*The Mainichi. [https://mainichi.jp/english/]
**Mainichi Daily News (1922 to 2001) [https://www.nytimes.com/2001/02/27/business/worldbusiness/IHT-tech-briefstop-the-presses.html] [https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R100000002-I000000144910]

Sports newspapers; sports dailies
*Louise do Rosario, &quot;News-stand stars&quot; in &quot;Japan&quot; (1992) [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=T_GzAAAAIAAJ 155] [[w:en:Far Eastern Economic Review|Far Eastern Economic Review]], 24 to 31 December 1992, p 21
*[[w:ja:岡崎満義|Mitsuyoshi Okazaki]], &quot;Unsportsmanlike Journalism: Japan's sports dailies may be popular, but are they sporting?&quot; in &quot;Sport&quot;, [[w:en:Look Japan|Look Japan]], [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=lD3tAAAAMAAJ January 1995], p 39

News
*[[w:en:Japan Today|Japan Today]] (ジャパントゥデイ). GPlusMedia. Gakken Holdings.

Annuals and year books 
*This is Japan. Asahi Shimbun. 1954 to 1971. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=2X9DAQAAIAAJ]. Commentary: A Victorian Sailor's Grave in the Seto Inland Sea, p 244 [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=OegkAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA244#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false]
*The Japan Year Book. The Japan Year Book Office. 1905 onwards. [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_arFPAAAAMAAJ/page/n10/mode/1up 1906]. [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.553496/page/n27/mode/1up 1915].
*The &quot;Japan Gazette&quot; Japan Year Book. The Japan Gazette. [https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1913-1914/page/n15/mode/1up 1913-14]
*The Japan Times Year Book
*New Japan. Mainichi Newspapers. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=gRFCAQAAIAAJ]

Almanacs
*Asahi Shimbun Japan Almanac. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=SEEEAQAAIAAJ 1995].
*Japan Almanac. (The Mainichi Newspapers). [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ufAIAQAAIAAJ 1972]. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=X4eXWRkbtFsC 1973]. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=7rMrAAAAIAAJ] [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=krMrAAAAIAAJ]
*[[w:Boyé Lafayette De Mente|Boye De Mente]]. Passport's Japan Almanac. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=741wAAAAMAAJ]

General
*Japan: A Country Study. (Area Handbook series). 4th Ed: 1983: [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=HkM5N3JNc5IC]. 5th Ed: 1992: [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ze-wupXxpvEC]
*Area Handbook for Japan. 2nd Ed: 1964: [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=WucdAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PR1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false]. 3rd Ed: 1974: [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=LG2aoq1U_eoC&amp;pg=PR1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false] (DA Pam 550-30).
*Colin Simpson. Picture of Japan.
**Japan: An Intimate View. A S Barnes. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=3hkeAAAAMAAJ]
**This is Japan. Angus &amp; Robertson. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=HJEJAQAAIAAJ]
*Japan. (The World and Its Peoples). Greystone Press, New York. 1964. Volume 1: [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=yysUAQAAMAAJ]. Volume 2 &quot;Japan Korea&quot;, including Korea: [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=uQAUAQAAMAAJ]. See pp 1 to 375 for Japan, and pp 376 to 379 for Ryukyu and Bonin Islands.
*Japan. (World and its Peoples: Eastern and Southern Asia, volume 8). Marshall Cavendish. 2008. ISBN 9780761476412.
*Edward Seidensticker. This Country, Japan. Kodansha International. 1979. ISBN 9780870112294. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=88wwAQAAIAAJ]
*Hall and Beardsley. Twelve Doors to Japan. McGraw-Hill. New York. 1965. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=0KpxAAAAMAAJ]
*&quot;Japan&quot;. Louis Barron (ed). &quot;Asia &amp; Australasia&quot;. Moshe Y Sachs (ed and pub). Worldmark Encyclopedia of the Nations. Worldmark Press, Inc. Harper &amp; Row New York. 1963. pp 145 to 160. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=I0oYAQAAMAAJ]
**&quot;Japan&quot;. Asia &amp; Oceania. 7th Ed: 1988. ISBN 0-471 62406-3. vol 4. pp 153 to 168.
**&quot;Japan&quot;. Asia &amp; Oceania. 8th Ed: 1995. Gale Research Inc. ISBN 0-8103-9882-6. vol 4. pp 203 to 220.
*James E Hoare. &quot;Japan&quot;. East and Southeast Asia. The World Today Series 2023–2024. pp [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=3GfQEAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA107#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false 107] to 133.

Handbooks
*Patrick Heenan (ed). The Japan Handbook. (Regional Handbooks of Economic Development). 1998. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=IMG2AgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PP1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false]

Introduction
*Introducing Japan Through Books: A Selected Bibliography. Public Information Bureau, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Japan. 1968. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FvsyAQAAIAAJ]. 2nd Ed: 1973: [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Vj0XAQAAMAAJ].
*Donald Ritchie. Introducing Japan. 1st Ed: 1978. Revised Ed: 1986. 6th printing: 1989: [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FE-nxxoKayQC]. 2nd Revised Ed: 1990. 2nd printing: 1991: [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=hz4UAQAAIAAJ]. 1994: [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FMvT6m4SgIQC&amp;pg=PP1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false].
*Herschel Webb. An Introduction to Japan. Columbia University Press. 2nd Ed: 1957: [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=YQ8MAQAAIAAJ].
*Introducing Modern Japan. A publication of the Japan Information and Culture Center, Embassy of Japan.

Today and yesterday
*Ray Downs. Japan Yesterday and Today. Praeger Publishers. 1970. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=PwKxAAAAIAAJ]

Today
*Roger Buckley. Japan Today. Cambridge University Press. 3rd Ed [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=thyqBtJp2DcC&amp;pg=PP1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false]

Contemporary
*Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Japan. 2021. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=yfH3DwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA2011#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false]
*Duncan McCargo. Contemporary Japan. 3rd Ed: 2012. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=8I5KEAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PP1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false]
*Jeff Kingston. Contemporary Japan: History, Politics, and Social Change since the 1980s. 2011. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=enJQZA3R4FMC&amp;pg=PP1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false]

[Series]
*Routledge Contemporary Japan Series

Modern
*Hugh Cortazzi. Modern Japan: A Concise Survey. Palgrave Macmillan. 1993. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Cf--DAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PP1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false]

The Japanese
*Peter Tasker. The Japanese: Portrait of a Nation. 1989 [https://books.google.com/books?id=Q1N8ld78wwQC]
**The Japanese: A Major Exploration of Modern Japan. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=CW-6AAAAIAAJ]
**Inside Japan: Wealth, Work and Power in the New Japanese Empire. 1987. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=2OJuAAAAMAAJ]
*Edwin O Reischauer. The Japanese. The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=zrEqAAAAYAAJ]
*Edwin O Reischauer and Marius B Jansen. The Japanese Today: Change and Continuity. 1995. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=BTPNlLIy2soC&amp;pg=PP1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false]

Japaneseness
*Ray T. Donahue (ed). Exploring Japaneseness: On Japanese Enactments of Culture and Consciousness. Ablex Publishing. 2002. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=V_NwAAAAMAAJ]
*Yoji Yamakuse. Japaneseness: A Guide to Values and Virtues. 2016. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=tB0iDAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PP1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false]

Travel books
*DK Eyewitness Travel: Japan. Reprinted with revisions. 2015: [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=g2NaBgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PP1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false]. 2017: [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=vg15DQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PP1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false].
*Dodd and Richmond. The Rough Guide to Japan. 2nd Ed: 2001: [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=pRGq95ytWZoC&amp;pg=PP1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false].
*Frommer's Japan. 5th Ed: 2000: [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=-QC8mVyvPa8C].
*Fodor's Japan YYYY. 1984. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=aH2Ow27HUQ0C 1986]. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=3gTTf6nbv20C 1987]. 1988.
**Fodor's YY Japan. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=9QMHllzldlYC 91]. 92. 93.
**Fodor's Japan. 13th Ed: 1996: [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=cZxZAAAAYAAJ]
*The New Official Guide: Japan. Japan Travel Bureau. 1966. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=HoxxAAAAMAAJ]
*Here is Japan. Asahi Broadcasting Corporation. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=8QXRCTMNG7MC]
*Japan. (Nagel Travel Guide Series, vol 32). 1964. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=QsbXAAAAMAAJ]
*Clark. All the Best in Japan: with Manila, Hong Kong, and Macao. (&quot;All the Best&quot; series). 1959. Reprinted 1964. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=yUq4YaaryrwC]. Reviews: [https://archive.dartmouthalumnimagazine.com/article/1958/6/1/all-the-best-in-japan] (1958) 110 Travel 51 [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=UVwXAQAAMAAJ] 3 Bulletin of the Japan Society, London, No 11: June 1960, p 25 [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=2oy74hRRXk4C]
**All the Best in Japan and the Orient. 1967.

Night
*Taizo Fujimoto. The Nightside of Japan. T Werner Laurie. Essex Street, Strand, London. 1914. [https://archive.org/details/nightsideofjapan00fujirich/page/n6/mode/1up]

Languages

See [[Universal Bibliography/Languages/Japanese|Japanese]]

Literature

See [[Universal Bibliography/Literature#Japanese|Japanese literature]]

Music

See [[Universal Bibliography/Music#Japanese and Japan|Music of Japan]]

Cinema

See [[Universal Bibliography/Cinema#Japanese|Cinema of Japan]]

Television

See [[Universal Bibliography/Television#Japanese|Japanese television]]

Culture

See [[Universal Bibliography/Culture#Japanese|Culture of Japan]]

==Korea==
*Korea Journal [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=O6XfBexsp6gC]

Bibliography and literature
*Thomas H Kang. &quot;Korean Literature and Bibliography&quot;. Kent, Lancour and Daily (eds). Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science. Marcel Dekker. 1977. vol 21. pp [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=H1pNvzr_n98C&amp;pg=PA176#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false 176] to 240.

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      <text bytes="19327" sha1="dpbxytqlfihacu1h1velkx1yv20vaba" xml:space="preserve">A number of seemingly credible sources are describing an increase in political polarization worldwide. [[w:Maria Ressa|Maria Ressa]] describes how [[w:Rodrigo Duterte|Rodrigo Duterte]], former President of the [[w:Philippines|Philippines]] &quot;started ... with five hundred volunteers&lt;ref&gt;Ressa (2022, pp. 147-8).&lt;/ref&gt; (1) creating “sock puppets,” or fake accounts that attack or praise; (2) “mass reporting,” or organizing to negatively impact a targeted account; and (3) “astroturfing,” or fake posts or lies designed to look like grassroots support or interest.&lt;ref&gt;Ressa (2022, pp. 152-3).&lt;/ref&gt; These actions tricked the algorithms of social media companies like Facebook and Twitter into amplifying fraudulent messages including incitements to violence and criminal prosecutions based on trumped up charges. The results easily overwhelmed honest media. [[w:Leila de Lima|Leila de Lima]], a Senator and former Secretary of Justice of the Philippines, spent years  in pretrial detention before the charges were dropped for lack of evidence.&lt;ref&gt;Ressa (2022, p. 158ff) and Wikipedia, &quot;[[w:Leila de Lima|Leila de Lima]]&quot;, accessed 2024-07-22.&lt;/ref&gt; Ressa's news organization, [[w:Rappler|Rappler]].com, was ordered to close. Ressa herself was convicted on questionable charges. Both continued operating while the legal procedures against them were appealed.&lt;ref&gt;Ressa (2022, pp. 152-3) and Wikipedia, &quot;[[w:Maria Ressa|Maria Ressa]]&quot;, accessed 2024-07-22.&lt;/ref&gt; Ressa says similar procedures are making major contributions to the rise of fascism and far-right nationalist populists in the US, Europe, Turkey, India, Russia, and elsewhere.&lt;ref&gt;Ressa (2022, pp. 152-3).&lt;/ref&gt; [[w:H. R. McMaster|H. R. McMaster]], former President Trump's second National Security advisor, said that &quot;The internet and social media thus provided [Russia] with a low-cost, easy way to divide and weaken America from within.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;McMaster (2020, pp. 47-48).&lt;/ref&gt; The [[w:2021 Facebook leak|2021 Facebook leak]] documented how executives of [[w:Facebook|Facebook]] and [[w:Meta Platforms|Meta]] knowingly prioritized profits over action to limit incitements to violence, even facilitating the [[w:Rohingya genocide|Rohingya genocide]] in [[w:Myanmar|Myanmar]], because doing otherwise would have reduced their profits. 

This &quot;Category:Media reform to improve democracy&quot; include videos of experts and activists working this issue along with 29:00 mm:ss audio files submitted to a ''Media &amp; Democracy'' series syndicated on the [[w:List of Pacifica Radio stations and affiliates|Pacifica radio network]]&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Media &amp; Democracy on Audioport--&gt;{{cite Q|Q127839818}}&lt;/ref&gt; plus text and space for moderated discussions. 

Some of this work is cited in the book on ''[[Media Literacy and You]]'', which is being written -- [[w:Crowdsourcing|crowdsourced]] -- to help humans better understand how they can counter the trend toward increasing political polarization and violence by talking politics, calmly, with respect and humility, with others with whom they may vehemently disagree, because the alternative is killing humans over misunderstanding. The goal is ''not'' to convince anyone that they are wrong. Rather it is to build relationships where humans can agree to disagree agreeably and collaborate to improve issues of common concern. 

== Table of episodes == 

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+ Episodes of &quot;Media &amp; Democracy&quot; for the [[w:List of Pacifica Radio stations and affiliates|Pacifica Radio Network]]
|-
! 
!! colspan=3 | Date !! colspan=2 | Guest(s) !! !! 
|- 
! no. || recorded !! broadcasted on [[w:KKFI|KKFI]] !! released to Pacifica !! given name !! surname !! Organization(s) !!Episode 
|-
| 60 || 2026-08-31 || 2026-09-08 || 2026-09-19 || Rachel || Clark&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Rachel Clark--&gt;{{cite Q|Q141168609}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[w:Veterans for Peace|Veterans for Peace]] || [[The impact of news media on the Japanese political economy]] 
|-
| 59 || 2026-08-27 || 2026-09-01 || 2026-09-05 || [[w:Renée DiResta|Renée]] || [[w:Renée DiResta|DiResta]] || [[w:Georgetown University|Georgetown University]] || [[Managing the good and the evils of social media]] 
|-
| 58 || 2026-08-13 || 2026-08-18 || 2026-08-22 || 
{| 
| Teresa  
|- 
| Ann
|} 
| 
{| 
| Wilke&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Teresa Wilke--&gt;{{cite Q|Q141110943}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|- 
| Suellentrop&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Ann Suellentrop--&gt;{{cite Q|Q104978249}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|} 
| 
{| 
| [[w:KKFI|KKFI]]
|- 
| PeaceWorks Kansas City,&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!-- PeaceWorks Kansas City--&gt;{{cite Q|Q64287449}}&lt;/ref&gt; ...
|} 
| [[How to expose media lies and have fun doing it]]
|-
| 57 || 2026-07-31 || 2026-08-11 || 2026-08-08 || Yonty || Friesem&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Yonty Friesem--&gt;{{cite Q|Q140685186}}&lt;/ref&gt; || Media Education Lab,&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Media Education Lab--&gt;{{cite Q|Q140686986}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[Yonty Friesem on media education]]
|-
| 56 || 2026-07-01 || 2026-07-21 || 2026-07-25 || Dimitar || Zagorski&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Dimitar Zagorski, 3rd--&gt;{{cite Q|Q130719781}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[w:Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] || [[Wikimedia concerns with European copyright rules including AI and scientific research]]
|- 
| 55 || 2026-07-02 || 2026-07-14 || 2026-07-11 || [[w:Robert Corn-Revere|Robert]] || [[w:Robert Corn-Revere|Corn-Revere]] || [[w:Foundation for Individual Rights and Expression|Foundation for Individual Rights and Expression]] (FIRE) || [[Foundation for Individual Rights and Expression]]
|- 
| 54 || 2026-06-20 || 2026-06-23 || 2026-06-27 || Katerina || Canyon&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Katerina Canyon--&gt;{{cite Q|Q140290658}}&lt;/ref&gt; || Peace Economy Project,&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Peace Economy Project--&gt;{{cite Q|Q140290765}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[Peace Economy Project]]
|-
| 53 || 2026-05-29 || 2026-06-09 || 2026-06-13 || [[w:Nolan Higdon|Nolan]] || [[w:Nolan Higdon|Higdon]] || [[w:California State University, East Bay|California State University, East Bay]] &amp; [[w:University of California, Santa Cruz|University of California, Santa Cruz]] || [[Let's agree to disagree and seek common ground]]
|-
| 52 || 2026-05-14 || 2026-05-26 ||2026-05-30 || Allison || Butler&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Allison Butler--&gt;{{cite Q|Q132918386}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[w:University of Massachusetts Amherst|University of Massachusetts Amherst]] || [[How women are centered and silenced in the major media]]
|-
| 51 || 2026-05-06 || 2026-05-12 || 2026-05-16 || [[w:Yael Eisenstat|Yaël]] || [[w:Yael Eisenstat|Eisenstat]] || Cybersecurity for Democracy (C4D),&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Cybersecurity for Democracy--&gt;{{cite Q|Q139568543}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[Online platforms' effects on public health, safety and democracy]]
|-
| 50 || 2026-04-09	|| 2026-04-28 || 2026-05-02 || Stephen || Bezruchka&lt;ref name=Bezruchka&gt;&lt;!--Stephen Bezruchka--&gt;{{cite Q|Q118236581}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[w:University of Washington School of Public Health|University of Washington School of Public Health]] || [[How US media threaten the health of all]]
|- 
| 49 || 2026-04-06 || 2026-04-14 || 2026-04-18 || Mickey ||Huff&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Mickey Huff--&gt;{{cite Q|Q104530435}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[w:Project Censored|Project Censored]] &amp; [[w:Ithaca College|Ithaca College]] || [[News suppressed for those who control money for the media]] 
|-
| 48 || 2026-03-27 || 2026-03-31 || 2026-04-04 || [[w:Robin Andersen|Robin]] || [[w:Robin Andersen|Andersen]] || [[w:Fordham University|Fordham University]] || [[Media and war]]
|-
| 47 || 2026-03-12 || 2026-03-17 || 2026-03-21 || Bill || Yousman&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Bill Yousman--&gt;{{cite Q|Q138604097}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[w:Sacred Heart University|Sacred Heart University]] || [[Media literacy to dispel myths and improve public policy]]
|-
| 46 || 2026-02-26 || 2026-03-03 || 2026-03-07 || Stephan || Russ-Mohl&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Stephan Russ-Mohl--&gt;{{cite Q|Q2343781}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[w:University of Lugano|University of Lugano]] || [[Concerns about media, especially in Germany]]
|-
| 45 || 2026-02-12 || 2026-02-17 || 2026-02-21 || Paul || Bame&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Paul Bame--&gt;{{cite Q|Q138057986}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[w:Prometheus Radio Project|Prometheus Radio Project]] || [[Underserved serve themselves with low-power FM]]
|-
| 44 || 2026-01-30 || 2026-02-03 || 2026-02-07 || Anthony || Nadler&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Anthony Nadler--&gt;{{cite Q|Q135514734}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[w:Ursinus College|Ursinus College]] || [[Conservative media are different]]
|-
| 43 || 2026-01-15 || 2026-01-20 || 2026-01-24 || 
{| 
| Tim  
|- 
| Zach 
|} 
| 
{| 
| Franklin&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!-- Tim Franklin--&gt;{{cite Q|Q137763244}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|- 
| Metzger&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Zach Metzger--&gt;{{cite Q|Q137803164}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|} 
| [[w:Northwestern University|Northwestern University]] || [[Medill says you can help yourself by helping improve local media]] 
|-
| 42 || 2026-01-03 || 2026-01-06 || 2026-01-10 || Lisa || Loving&lt;ref&gt;{{cite Q|Q65115420}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[w:KBOO|KBOO]] || [[Lisa Loving on media literacy and how you can report for your community]]
|- 
| 41 || 2015-12-11 || 2025-12-23 || 2025-12-27 || [[w:John Maxwell Hamilton|John Maxwell]] || [[w:John Maxwell Hamilton|Hamilton]] || [[w:Louisiana State University|Louisiana State University]] || [[John Maxwell Hamilton on American propaganda]] 
|- 
| 40 || 2025-12-05 || 2025-12-09 || 2025-12-13 || Mark || Hurst&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Mark Hurst--&gt;{{cite Q|Q65030170}}&lt;/ref&gt; || Techtonic&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Techtonic--&gt;{{cite Q|Q137087746}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[You can better protect yourself from Big Tech]]
|- 
| 39 || 2025-11-20 || 2025-11-25 || 2025-11-29 || Kareem || El Damanhoury&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Kareem El Damanhoury--&gt;{{cite Q|Q113752441}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[w:University of Denver|University of Denver]] || [[Differences between media outlets including coverage of Gaza]]
|- 
| 38 || 2025-11-06 || 2025-11-11 || 2025-11-15 || Spencer || Graves&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Spencer Graves--&gt;{{cite Q|Q56452480}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[w:KKFI|KKFI]] || [[Media &amp; Democracy lessons for the future]]
|-
| 37 || 2025-10-23 || 2025-20-28 || 2025-11-01 || [[w:Kwame Karikari (journalist)|Kwame ]] || [[w:Kwame Karikari (journalist)|Karikari]] || [[w:Media Foundation for West Africa|Media Foundation for West Africa (MFWA)]] || [[Media reform initiatives in West Africa]]  
|-
| 36 || 2025-10-03 || 2025-10-14 || 2025-10-18 || Seth || Radwell&lt;ref name=Radwell&gt;&lt;!--Seth David Radwell--&gt;{{cite Q|Q136406332}}&lt;/ref&gt; || || [[Seth Radwell says that the two Enlightenments tell us how to heal US political polarization]]
|-
| 35 || 2025-09-25 || 2025-09-30 || 2025-10-04 || Dan || Hind&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Dan Hind--&gt;{{cite Q|Q136393606}}&lt;/ref&gt; || Media Reform Coalition (MRC).&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Media Reform Coalition--&gt;{{cite Q|Q135440829}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[Media Reform Coalition challenges anti-democratic media bias in the UK]]
|- 
| 34 || 2025-09-12 || 2025-09-16 || 2025-09-20 || [[w:Anna M. Gomez|Anna]] || [[w:Anna M. Gomez|Gomez]] || [[w:Federal Communications Commission|Federal Communications Commission]] || [[Fighting back against the campaign of censorship and control]]
|- 
| 33 || 2025-08-28 || 2025-09-02 || 2025-09-06 || Doug || Samuelson&lt;ref name=Samuelson&gt;&lt;!--Douglas A. Samuelson--&gt;{{cite Q|Q89781201}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[w:Trevor N. Dupuy#Academic and research career|Dupuy Institute]]&lt;ref name=Dupuy&gt;&lt;!--Dupuy Institute--&gt;{{cite Q|Q135969462}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[The role of the media in conflict]]
|- 
| 32 || 2025-07-31 || 2025-08-19 || 2025-08-21 || Nick || Hart&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Nick Hart--&gt;{{cite Q|Q135663983}}&lt;/ref&gt; || Data Foundation,&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Data Foundation--&gt;{{cite Q|Q134705118}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[Evidence-informed public policy]]
|-
| 31 || 2025-08-01 || 2025-08-05 || 2025-08-09 || Reece || Peck&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Reece Peck--&gt;{{cite Q|Q131374387}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[w:City University of New York|City University of New York (CUNY)]] || [[What the Left can learn from Fox]]
|-
| 30 || 2025-07-17 || 2025-07-22 || 2025-07-26 || Natalie || Fenton&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Natalie Fenton--&gt;{{cite Q|Q112529317}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[w:Goldsmiths, University of London|Goldsmiths, University of London]] || [[Democratic delusions: Fix the media to fix democracy]]
|- 
| 29 || 2025-07-03 || 2025-07-08 || 2025-07-12 || Heidi J.S. || Tworek&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Heidi J.S. Tworek--&gt;{{cite Q|Q135116400}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[w:University of British Columbia|University of British Columbia]] || [[News from Germany 1900-1945 and implications for today]]
|-
| 28 || 2025-06-12 || 2025-06-24 || 2025-06-28 || Nik || Usher&lt;ref name=Usher&gt;&lt;!--Nik Usher--&gt;{{cite Q|Q134715348}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[w:University of San Diego|University of San Diego]] || [[How news impacts democracy per USD Communications Professor Nik Usher]]
|-
| 27 || 2025-06-08 || 2025-06-10 || 2025-06-14 || [[w:Richard R. John|Richard R.]] || [[w:Richard R. John|John]] || [[w:Columbia University|Columbia University]] || [[Media concentration per Columbia History Professor Richard John]]
|- 
| 26 || 2025-05-21 || 2025-05-27 || 2025-05-31 || Dean || Starkman&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Dean Starkman--&gt;{{cite Q|Q17036928}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[w:International Consortium of Investigative Journalists|International Consortium of Investigative Journalists]] (ICIJ) || [[Dean Starkman and the watchdog that didn't bark]]
|- 
| 25 || 2025-05-08 || 2025-05-13 || 2025-05-17 || 
{| 
| Seth 
|- 
| Lauren 
|} 
| 
{| 
| Stern&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Seth Stern--&gt;{{cite Q|Q134333839}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|- 
| Harper&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Lauren Harper--&gt;{{cite Q|Q134371468}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|} 
| [[w:Freedom of the Press Foundation|Freedom of the Press Foundation]] || [[Freedom of the Press Foundation says...]]
|- 
| 24 || 2025-04-24 || 2025-04-29 || 2025-05-03 ||  Marc || Edge&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Marc Edge--&gt;{{cite Q|Q127419557}}&lt;/ref&gt; || || [[Canadian journalist Marc Edge on media reform to improve democracy]]
|-
| 23 || 2025-04-10 || 2025-04-15 || 2025-04-19 || Katie || Moylan&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Katie Moylan--&gt;{{cite Q|Q133832220}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[w:University of Leicester|University of Leicester]] || [[The value of indigenous and community radio]]
|- 
| 22 || 2025-03-28 || 2025-04-01 || 2025-04-05 || Amy || O’Hara&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Amy O'Hara--&gt;{{cite Q|Q133554516}}&lt;/ref&gt; ||  [[w:Georgetown University|Georgetown University]] &amp; Association of Public Data Users (APDU),&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--APDU--&gt;{{cite Q|Q131542415}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[Trump ordered changes in public data]]
|-
| 21 || 2025-03-06 || 2025-03-11 || 2025-03-22 || Rick || Goldsmith,&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Rick Goldsmith--&gt;{{cite Q|Q1792246}}&lt;/ref&gt; || || [[Vulture capitalists destroying newspapers]]
|- 
| 20 || 2025-02-25 || 2025-02-25 || 2025-03-08 || Roger M. || White&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Roger M. White--&gt;{{cite Q|Q132460597}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[w:Arizona State University|Arizona State University]] || [[Local newspapers limit malfeasance]]
|-
| 19 || 2025-02-06 || 2025-02-11 || 2025-02-22 || [[w:Greg Palast|Greg]] || [[w:Greg Palast|Palast]] || || [[Palast says Trump lost, vote suppression won the 2024 elections]]
|-
| 18 || 2025-01-25 || 2025-02-04 || 2025-02-12 || 
{|
| Omali 
|- 
| Elisa 
|- 
| Gerald 
|} 
| 
{|
| Yeshitela
|- 
| Mejia
|- 
| Horne 
|}
| Friends of Community Media,&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Friends of Community Media--&gt;{{cite Q|Q100167560}}&lt;/ref&gt;, Pacifica Fightback,&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Pacifica Fightback--&gt;{{cite Q|Q132035380}}&lt;/ref&gt;, ... || [[Defend free speech hybrid town hall]]
|-
| 17 || 2025-01-13 || 2025-01-14 || 2025-01-25 || Bulgarova || Bella Akhmedovna&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Bulgarova Bella Akhmedovna--&gt;{{cite Q|Q131737349}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[w:Patrice Lumumba Peoples' Friendship University of Russia|Patrice Lumumba Peoples' Friendship University of Russia]] || [[Media in the Syrian conflict]]
|-
| 16 || 2024-12-20 || 2024-12-31 || 2025-01-04 || Michael || Novick || || [[HR 9495, the nonprofit-killer bill, per Michael Novick]]
|- 
| 15 || 2024-12-13 || 2024-12-24 || 2024-12-21 || [[w:Victor Pickard (professor)|Victor]] || [[w:Victor Pickard (professor)|Pickard]] || [[w:Annenberg School for Communication at the University of Pennsylvania|Annenberg School for Communication at the University of Pennsylvania]] || [[Information is a public good per communications prof Pickard]]
|-
| 14 || 2024-12-02 || 2024-12-10 || 2024-12-07 || Ahmed || Al-Rawi&lt;ref name=AlRawiSFU&gt;&lt;!--SFU homepage of Ahmed Al-Rawi--&gt;{{cite Q|Q131349551}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[w:Simon Fraser University|Simon Fraser University]] || [[Media literacy for the Arab World per Ahmed Al-Rawi]]
|-
| 13 || 2024-11-21 || 2024-11-26 || 2024-11-23 || [[w:Thom Hartmann|Thom]] || [[w:Thom Hartmann|Hartmann]] || || [[Thom Hartmann on The Hidden History of the American Dream]]
|-
| 12 || 2024-10-25 || 2024-11-05 || 2024-11-09 || Dimi || Dimitrov.&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!-- Dimi Dimitrov--&gt;{{cite Q|Q130719781}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[meta:Wikimedia Europe|Wikimedia Europe]] || [[Legal concerns of Wikimedia Europe]] 
|-
| 11 || 2024-10-26 || 2024-10-19 || 2024-10-27 || Karl || Brooks&lt;ref name=Brooks&gt;&lt;!--Karl Boyd Brooks--&gt;{{cite Q|Q128214400}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[w:University of Kansas|University of Kansas]] || [[Project 2025 per Professor Brooks]]
|-
| 10 || 2024-10-01 || 2024-10-01 || 2024-10-12 || Jacob || Ware&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Jacob Ware--&gt;{{cite Q|Q130315296}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[w:Council on Foreign Relations|Council on Foreign Relations]] (CFR) &amp;  [[w:Georgetown University|Georgetown University]] || [[Jacob Ware on far-right terrorism in the US]]
|-
| 9 || 2024-09-13 || 2024-09-17 || 2024-09-29 || Patricia Weems || Gaston.&lt;ref name=Gaston&gt;&lt;!--Patricia Weems Gaston--&gt;{{cite Q|Q130215888}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[w:University of Kansas|University of Kansas]] || [[Dis- and misinformation and their threats to democracy]]
|- 
| 8 || 2024-09-11 || 2024-11-12 || 2024-09-14 || Jiva || Manske&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Jiva Manske--&gt;{{cite Q|Q130287696}}&lt;/ref&gt; || 22nd Century Initiative&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--22nd CI--&gt;{{cite Q|Q129361855}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[22nd Century Initiative]]
|- 
| 7 || 2024-08-22|| 2024-08-27 || 2024-08-31 || Heidi || Beirich,&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!-- Heidi Beirich--&gt;{{cite Q|Q128844587}}&lt;/ref&gt; || Global Project Against Hate &amp; Extremism (GPAHE).&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!-- GPAHE--&gt;{{cite Q|Q125952435}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[Global Project Against Hate &amp; Extremism (GPAHE)]]
|-
| 6 || 2024-08-19 || 2024-08-20 || 2024-08-24 || [[w:Frances Haugen|Frances]] || [[w:Frances Haugen|Haugen]] || || [[Facebook whistleblower Frances Haugen says]]
|-
| 5 || 2024-08-13 || 2024-08-13 || 2024-08-17 || Matt || Wood&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Matt Wood--&gt;{{cite Q|Q128630750}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[w:Free Press (advocacy group)|Free Press]] || [[Legal concerns of Free Press including Section 230]]
|-
| 4 || 2024-08-02 || 2024-08-06 || 2024-08-10 || Ian Axel || Anderson&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Ian Axel Anderson--&gt;{{cite Q|Q128639294}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[w:California Institute of Technology|Caltech]] || [[How psychological and interpersonal processes are influenced by human-computer interactions]]
|-
| 3 || 2024-07-30 || 2024-07-30 || 2024-08-03 || [[w:Dean Baker|Dean]] || [[w:Dean Baker|Baker]] || [[w:Center for Economic and Policy Research|Center for Economic and Policy Research]] || [[Dean Baker on Internet companies threatening democracy internationally and how to fix that]]
|-
| 2 || 2021-04-29 || 2021-04-29 || 2021-05-16 || Craig || Aaron,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite Q|Q104624986}}&lt;!-- Craig Aaron --&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; || [[w:Free Press (organization)|Free Press (Freepress.net)]] || [[Media reform per Freepress.net]]
|- 
| 1 || 2021-02-23 || 2021-02-23 || 2021-03-17 || [[w:Dean Baker|Dean]] || [[w:Dean Baker|Baker]] || [[w:Center for Economic and Policy Research|Center for Economic and Policy Research]] ||[[Unrigging the media and the economy]]
|}

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

== Bibliography == 

* &lt;!-- H. R. McMaster (2020) Battlegrounds: The Fight to Defend the Free World--&gt;{{cite Q|Q104774898}}
* &lt;!--Maria Ressa (2022) How to Stand Up To a Dictator--&gt;{{cite Q|Q117559286}}

[[Category:Interdisciplinary studies]]

[[Category:Political science]]
[[Category:Economics]]
[[Category:Freedom and abundance]]
[[Category:Videoconferences on media and democracy]]</text>
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      <text bytes="19326" sha1="7t9dny4hw26g8uio8nw7gp2syf8kii9" xml:space="preserve">A number of seemingly credible sources are describing an increase in political polarization worldwide. [[w:Maria Ressa|Maria Ressa]] describes how [[w:Rodrigo Duterte|Rodrigo Duterte]], former President of the [[w:Philippines|Philippines]] &quot;started ... with five hundred volunteers&lt;ref&gt;Ressa (2022, pp. 147-8).&lt;/ref&gt; (1) creating “sock puppets,” or fake accounts that attack or praise; (2) “mass reporting,” or organizing to negatively impact a targeted account; and (3) “astroturfing,” or fake posts or lies designed to look like grassroots support or interest.&lt;ref&gt;Ressa (2022, pp. 152-3).&lt;/ref&gt; These actions tricked the algorithms of social media companies like Facebook and Twitter into amplifying fraudulent messages including incitements to violence and criminal prosecutions based on trumped up charges. The results easily overwhelmed honest media. [[w:Leila de Lima|Leila de Lima]], a Senator and former Secretary of Justice of the Philippines, spent years  in pretrial detention before the charges were dropped for lack of evidence.&lt;ref&gt;Ressa (2022, p. 158ff) and Wikipedia, &quot;[[w:Leila de Lima|Leila de Lima]]&quot;, accessed 2024-07-22.&lt;/ref&gt; Ressa's news organization, [[w:Rappler|Rappler]].com, was ordered to close. Ressa herself was convicted on questionable charges. Both continued operating while the legal procedures against them were appealed.&lt;ref&gt;Ressa (2022, pp. 152-3) and Wikipedia, &quot;[[w:Maria Ressa|Maria Ressa]]&quot;, accessed 2024-07-22.&lt;/ref&gt; Ressa says similar procedures are making major contributions to the rise of fascism and far-right nationalist populists in the US, Europe, Turkey, India, Russia, and elsewhere.&lt;ref&gt;Ressa (2022, pp. 152-3).&lt;/ref&gt; [[w:H. R. McMaster|H. R. McMaster]], former President Trump's second National Security advisor, said that &quot;The internet and social media thus provided [Russia] with a low-cost, easy way to divide and weaken America from within.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;McMaster (2020, pp. 47-48).&lt;/ref&gt; The [[w:2021 Facebook leak|2021 Facebook leak]] documented how executives of [[w:Facebook|Facebook]] and [[w:Meta Platforms|Meta]] knowingly prioritized profits over action to limit incitements to violence, even facilitating the [[w:Rohingya genocide|Rohingya genocide]] in [[w:Myanmar|Myanmar]], because doing otherwise would have reduced their profits. 

This &quot;Category:Media reform to improve democracy&quot; include videos of experts and activists working this issue along with 29:00 mm:ss audio files submitted to a ''Media &amp; Democracy'' series syndicated on the [[w:List of Pacifica Radio stations and affiliates|Pacifica radio network]]&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Media &amp; Democracy on Audioport--&gt;{{cite Q|Q127839818}}&lt;/ref&gt; plus text and space for moderated discussions. 

Some of this work is cited in the book on ''[[Media Literacy and You]]'', which is being written -- [[w:Crowdsourcing|crowdsourced]] -- to help humans better understand how they can counter the trend toward increasing political polarization and violence by talking politics, calmly, with respect and humility, with others with whom they may vehemently disagree, because the alternative is killing humans over misunderstanding. The goal is ''not'' to convince anyone that they are wrong. Rather it is to build relationships where humans can agree to disagree agreeably and collaborate to improve issues of common concern. 

== Table of episodes == 

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+ Episodes of &quot;Media &amp; Democracy&quot; for the [[w:List of Pacifica Radio stations and affiliates|Pacifica Radio Network]]
|-
! 
!! colspan=3 | Date !! colspan=2 | Guest(s) !! !! 
|- 
! no. || recorded !! broadcasted on [[w:KKFI|KKFI]] !! released to Pacifica !! given name !! surname !! Organization(s) !!Episode 
|-
| 60 || 2026-08-31 || 2026-09-08 || 2026-09-19 || Rachel || Clark&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Rachel Clark--&gt;{{cite Q|Q141168609}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[w:Veterans for Peace|Veterans for Peace]] || [[The impact of news media on the Japanese political economy]] 
|-
| 59 || 2026-08-27 || 2026-09-01 || 2026-09-05 || [[w:Renée DiResta|Renée]] || [[w:Renée DiResta|DiResta]] || [[w:Georgetown University|Georgetown University]] || [[Managing the good and the evils of social media]] 
|-
| 58 || 2026-08-13 || 2026-08-18 || 2026-08-22 || 
{| 
| Teresa  
|- 
| Ann
|} 
| 
{| 
| Wilke&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Teresa Wilke--&gt;{{cite Q|Q141110943}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|- 
| Suellentrop&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Ann Suellentrop--&gt;{{cite Q|Q104978249}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|} 
| 
{| 
| [[w:KKFI|KKFI]]
|- 
| PeaceWorks Kansas City,&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!-- PeaceWorks Kansas City--&gt;{{cite Q|Q64287449}}&lt;/ref&gt; ...
|} 
| [[How to expose media lies and have fun doing it]]
|-
| 57 || 2026-07-31 || 2026-08-11 || 2026-08-08 || Yonty || Friesem&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Yonty Friesem--&gt;{{cite Q|Q140685186}}&lt;/ref&gt; || Media Education Lab,&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Media Education Lab--&gt;{{cite Q|Q140686986}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[Yonty Friesem on media education]]
|-
| 56 || 2026-07-01 || 2026-07-21 || 2026-07-25 || Dimitar || Zagorski&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Dimitar Zagorski, 3rd--&gt;{{cite Q|Q130719781}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[w:Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] || [[Wikimedia concerns with European copyright rules including AI and scientific research]]
|- 
| 55 || 2026-07-02 || 2026-07-14 || 2026-07-11 || [[w:Robert Corn-Revere|Robert]] || [[w:Robert Corn-Revere|Corn-Revere]] || [[w:Foundation for Individual Rights and Expression|Foundation for Individual Rights and Expression]] (FIRE) || [[Foundation for Individual Rights and Expression]]
|- 
| 54 || 2026-06-20 || 2026-06-23 || 2026-06-27 || Katerina || Canyon&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Katerina Canyon--&gt;{{cite Q|Q140290658}}&lt;/ref&gt; || Peace Economy Project,&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Peace Economy Project--&gt;{{cite Q|Q140290765}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[Peace Economy Project]]
|-
| 53 || 2026-05-29 || 2026-06-09 || 2026-06-13 || [[w:Nolan Higdon|Nolan]] || [[w:Nolan Higdon|Higdon]] || [[w:California State University, East Bay|California State University, East Bay]] &amp; [[w:University of California, Santa Cruz|University of California, Santa Cruz]] || [[Let's agree to disagree and seek common ground]]
|-
| 52 || 2026-05-14 || 2026-05-26 ||2026-05-30 || Allison || Butler&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Allison Butler--&gt;{{cite Q|Q132918386}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[w:University of Massachusetts Amherst|University of Massachusetts Amherst]] || [[How women are centered and silenced in the major media]]
|-
| 51 || 2026-05-06 || 2026-05-12 || 2026-05-16 || [[w:Yael Eisenstat|Yaël]] || [[w:Yael Eisenstat|Eisenstat]] || Cybersecurity for Democracy (C4D),&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Cybersecurity for Democracy--&gt;{{cite Q|Q139568543}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[Online platforms' effects on public health, safety and democracy]]
|-
| 50 || 2026-04-09	|| 2026-04-28 || 2026-05-02 || Stephen || Bezruchka&lt;ref name=Bezruchka&gt;&lt;!--Stephen Bezruchka--&gt;{{cite Q|Q118236581}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[w:University of Washington School of Public Health|University of Washington School of Public Health]] || [[How US media threaten the health of all]]
|- 
| 49 || 2026-04-06 || 2026-04-14 || 2026-04-18 || Mickey ||Huff&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Mickey Huff--&gt;{{cite Q|Q104530435}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[w:Project Censored|Project Censored]] &amp; [[w:Ithaca College|Ithaca College]] || [[News suppressed for those who control money for the media]] 
|-
| 48 || 2026-03-27 || 2026-03-31 || 2026-04-04 || [[w:Robin Andersen|Robin]] || [[w:Robin Andersen|Andersen]] || [[w:Fordham University|Fordham University]] || [[Media and war]]
|-
| 47 || 2026-03-12 || 2026-03-17 || 2026-03-21 || Bill || Yousman&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Bill Yousman--&gt;{{cite Q|Q138604097}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[w:Sacred Heart University|Sacred Heart University]] || [[Media literacy to dispel myths and improve public policy]]
|-
| 46 || 2026-02-26 || 2026-03-03 || 2026-03-07 || Stephan || Russ-Mohl&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Stephan Russ-Mohl--&gt;{{cite Q|Q2343781}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[w:University of Lugano|University of Lugano]] || [[Concerns about media, especially in Germany]]
|-
| 45 || 2026-02-12 || 2026-02-17 || 2026-02-21 || Paul || Bame&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Paul Bame--&gt;{{cite Q|Q138057986}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[w:Prometheus Radio Project|Prometheus Radio Project]] || [[Underserved serve themselves with low-power FM]]
|-
| 44 || 2026-01-30 || 2026-02-03 || 2026-02-07 || Anthony || Nadler&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Anthony Nadler--&gt;{{cite Q|Q135514734}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[w:Ursinus College|Ursinus College]] || [[Conservative media are different]]
|-
| 43 || 2026-01-15 || 2026-01-20 || 2026-01-24 || 
{| 
| Tim  
|- 
| Zach 
|} 
| 
{| 
| Franklin&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!-- Tim Franklin--&gt;{{cite Q|Q137763244}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|- 
| Metzger&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Zach Metzger--&gt;{{cite Q|Q137803164}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|} 
| [[w:Northwestern University|Northwestern University]] || [[Medill says you can help yourself by helping improve local media]] 
|-
| 42 || 2026-01-03 || 2026-01-06 || 2026-01-10 || Lisa || Loving&lt;ref&gt;{{cite Q|Q65115420}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[w:KBOO|KBOO]] || [[Lisa Loving on media literacy and how you can report for your community]]
|- 
| 41 || 2015-12-11 || 2025-12-23 || 2025-12-27 || [[w:John Maxwell Hamilton|John Maxwell]] || [[w:John Maxwell Hamilton|Hamilton]] || [[w:Louisiana State University|Louisiana State University]] || [[John Maxwell Hamilton on American propaganda]] 
|- 
| 40 || 2025-12-05 || 2025-12-09 || 2025-12-13 || Mark || Hurst&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Mark Hurst--&gt;{{cite Q|Q65030170}}&lt;/ref&gt; || Techtonic&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Techtonic--&gt;{{cite Q|Q137087746}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[You can better protect yourself from Big Tech]]
|- 
| 39 || 2025-11-20 || 2025-11-25 || 2025-11-29 || Kareem || El Damanhoury&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Kareem El Damanhoury--&gt;{{cite Q|Q113752441}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[w:University of Denver|University of Denver]] || [[Differences between media outlets including coverage of Gaza]]
|- 
| 38 || 2025-11-06 || 2025-11-11 || 2025-11-15 || Spencer || Graves&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Spencer Graves--&gt;{{cite Q|Q56452480}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[w:KKFI|KKFI]] || [[Media &amp; Democracy lessons for the future]]
|-
| 37 || 2025-10-23 || 2025-20-28 || 2025-11-01 || [[w:Kwame Karikari (journalist)|Kwame ]] || [[w:Kwame Karikari (journalist)|Karikari]] || [[w:Media Foundation for West Africa|Media Foundation for West Africa (MFWA)]] || [[Media reform initiatives in West Africa]]  
|-
| 36 || 2025-10-03 || 2025-10-14 || 2025-10-18 || Seth || Radwell&lt;ref name=Radwell&gt;&lt;!--Seth David Radwell--&gt;{{cite Q|Q136406332}}&lt;/ref&gt; || || [[Seth Radwell says that the two Enlightenments tell us how to heal US political polarization]]
|-
| 35 || 2025-09-25 || 2025-09-30 || 2025-10-04 || Dan || Hind&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Dan Hind--&gt;{{cite Q|Q136393606}}&lt;/ref&gt; || Media Reform Coalition (MRC).&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Media Reform Coalition--&gt;{{cite Q|Q135440829}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[Media Reform Coalition challenges anti-democratic media bias in the UK]]
|- 
| 34 || 2025-09-12 || 2025-09-16 || 2025-09-20 || [[w:Anna M. Gomez|Anna]] || [[w:Anna M. Gomez|Gomez]] || [[w:Federal Communications Commission|Federal Communications Commission]] || [[Fighting back against the campaign of censorship and control]]
|- 
| 33 || 2025-08-28 || 2025-09-02 || 2025-09-06 || Doug || Samuelson&lt;ref name=Samuelson&gt;&lt;!--Douglas A. Samuelson--&gt;{{cite Q|Q89781201}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[w:Trevor N. Dupuy#Academic and research career|Dupuy Institute]]&lt;ref name=Dupuy&gt;&lt;!--Dupuy Institute--&gt;{{cite Q|Q135969462}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[The role of the media in conflict]]
|- 
| 32 || 2025-07-31 || 2025-08-19 || 2025-08-21 || Nick || Hart&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Nick Hart--&gt;{{cite Q|Q135663983}}&lt;/ref&gt; || Data Foundation&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Data Foundation--&gt;{{cite Q|Q134705118}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[Evidence-informed public policy]]
|-
| 31 || 2025-08-01 || 2025-08-05 || 2025-08-09 || Reece || Peck&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Reece Peck--&gt;{{cite Q|Q131374387}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[w:City University of New York|City University of New York (CUNY)]] || [[What the Left can learn from Fox]]
|-
| 30 || 2025-07-17 || 2025-07-22 || 2025-07-26 || Natalie || Fenton&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Natalie Fenton--&gt;{{cite Q|Q112529317}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[w:Goldsmiths, University of London|Goldsmiths, University of London]] || [[Democratic delusions: Fix the media to fix democracy]]
|- 
| 29 || 2025-07-03 || 2025-07-08 || 2025-07-12 || Heidi J.S. || Tworek&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Heidi J.S. Tworek--&gt;{{cite Q|Q135116400}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[w:University of British Columbia|University of British Columbia]] || [[News from Germany 1900-1945 and implications for today]]
|-
| 28 || 2025-06-12 || 2025-06-24 || 2025-06-28 || Nik || Usher&lt;ref name=Usher&gt;&lt;!--Nik Usher--&gt;{{cite Q|Q134715348}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[w:University of San Diego|University of San Diego]] || [[How news impacts democracy per USD Communications Professor Nik Usher]]
|-
| 27 || 2025-06-08 || 2025-06-10 || 2025-06-14 || [[w:Richard R. John|Richard R.]] || [[w:Richard R. John|John]] || [[w:Columbia University|Columbia University]] || [[Media concentration per Columbia History Professor Richard John]]
|- 
| 26 || 2025-05-21 || 2025-05-27 || 2025-05-31 || Dean || Starkman&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Dean Starkman--&gt;{{cite Q|Q17036928}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[w:International Consortium of Investigative Journalists|International Consortium of Investigative Journalists]] (ICIJ) || [[Dean Starkman and the watchdog that didn't bark]]
|- 
| 25 || 2025-05-08 || 2025-05-13 || 2025-05-17 || 
{| 
| Seth 
|- 
| Lauren 
|} 
| 
{| 
| Stern&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Seth Stern--&gt;{{cite Q|Q134333839}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|- 
| Harper&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Lauren Harper--&gt;{{cite Q|Q134371468}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|} 
| [[w:Freedom of the Press Foundation|Freedom of the Press Foundation]] || [[Freedom of the Press Foundation says...]]
|- 
| 24 || 2025-04-24 || 2025-04-29 || 2025-05-03 ||  Marc || Edge&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Marc Edge--&gt;{{cite Q|Q127419557}}&lt;/ref&gt; || || [[Canadian journalist Marc Edge on media reform to improve democracy]]
|-
| 23 || 2025-04-10 || 2025-04-15 || 2025-04-19 || Katie || Moylan&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Katie Moylan--&gt;{{cite Q|Q133832220}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[w:University of Leicester|University of Leicester]] || [[The value of indigenous and community radio]]
|- 
| 22 || 2025-03-28 || 2025-04-01 || 2025-04-05 || Amy || O’Hara&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Amy O'Hara--&gt;{{cite Q|Q133554516}}&lt;/ref&gt; ||  [[w:Georgetown University|Georgetown University]] &amp; Association of Public Data Users (APDU),&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--APDU--&gt;{{cite Q|Q131542415}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[Trump ordered changes in public data]]
|-
| 21 || 2025-03-06 || 2025-03-11 || 2025-03-22 || Rick || Goldsmith,&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Rick Goldsmith--&gt;{{cite Q|Q1792246}}&lt;/ref&gt; || || [[Vulture capitalists destroying newspapers]]
|- 
| 20 || 2025-02-25 || 2025-02-25 || 2025-03-08 || Roger M. || White&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Roger M. White--&gt;{{cite Q|Q132460597}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[w:Arizona State University|Arizona State University]] || [[Local newspapers limit malfeasance]]
|-
| 19 || 2025-02-06 || 2025-02-11 || 2025-02-22 || [[w:Greg Palast|Greg]] || [[w:Greg Palast|Palast]] || || [[Palast says Trump lost, vote suppression won the 2024 elections]]
|-
| 18 || 2025-01-25 || 2025-02-04 || 2025-02-12 || 
{|
| Omali 
|- 
| Elisa 
|- 
| Gerald 
|} 
| 
{|
| Yeshitela
|- 
| Mejia
|- 
| Horne 
|}
| Friends of Community Media,&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Friends of Community Media--&gt;{{cite Q|Q100167560}}&lt;/ref&gt;, Pacifica Fightback,&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Pacifica Fightback--&gt;{{cite Q|Q132035380}}&lt;/ref&gt;, ... || [[Defend free speech hybrid town hall]]
|-
| 17 || 2025-01-13 || 2025-01-14 || 2025-01-25 || Bulgarova || Bella Akhmedovna&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Bulgarova Bella Akhmedovna--&gt;{{cite Q|Q131737349}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[w:Patrice Lumumba Peoples' Friendship University of Russia|Patrice Lumumba Peoples' Friendship University of Russia]] || [[Media in the Syrian conflict]]
|-
| 16 || 2024-12-20 || 2024-12-31 || 2025-01-04 || Michael || Novick || || [[HR 9495, the nonprofit-killer bill, per Michael Novick]]
|- 
| 15 || 2024-12-13 || 2024-12-24 || 2024-12-21 || [[w:Victor Pickard (professor)|Victor]] || [[w:Victor Pickard (professor)|Pickard]] || [[w:Annenberg School for Communication at the University of Pennsylvania|Annenberg School for Communication at the University of Pennsylvania]] || [[Information is a public good per communications prof Pickard]]
|-
| 14 || 2024-12-02 || 2024-12-10 || 2024-12-07 || Ahmed || Al-Rawi&lt;ref name=AlRawiSFU&gt;&lt;!--SFU homepage of Ahmed Al-Rawi--&gt;{{cite Q|Q131349551}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[w:Simon Fraser University|Simon Fraser University]] || [[Media literacy for the Arab World per Ahmed Al-Rawi]]
|-
| 13 || 2024-11-21 || 2024-11-26 || 2024-11-23 || [[w:Thom Hartmann|Thom]] || [[w:Thom Hartmann|Hartmann]] || || [[Thom Hartmann on The Hidden History of the American Dream]]
|-
| 12 || 2024-10-25 || 2024-11-05 || 2024-11-09 || Dimi || Dimitrov.&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!-- Dimi Dimitrov--&gt;{{cite Q|Q130719781}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[meta:Wikimedia Europe|Wikimedia Europe]] || [[Legal concerns of Wikimedia Europe]] 
|-
| 11 || 2024-10-26 || 2024-10-19 || 2024-10-27 || Karl || Brooks&lt;ref name=Brooks&gt;&lt;!--Karl Boyd Brooks--&gt;{{cite Q|Q128214400}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[w:University of Kansas|University of Kansas]] || [[Project 2025 per Professor Brooks]]
|-
| 10 || 2024-10-01 || 2024-10-01 || 2024-10-12 || Jacob || Ware&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Jacob Ware--&gt;{{cite Q|Q130315296}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[w:Council on Foreign Relations|Council on Foreign Relations]] (CFR) &amp;  [[w:Georgetown University|Georgetown University]] || [[Jacob Ware on far-right terrorism in the US]]
|-
| 9 || 2024-09-13 || 2024-09-17 || 2024-09-29 || Patricia Weems || Gaston.&lt;ref name=Gaston&gt;&lt;!--Patricia Weems Gaston--&gt;{{cite Q|Q130215888}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[w:University of Kansas|University of Kansas]] || [[Dis- and misinformation and their threats to democracy]]
|- 
| 8 || 2024-09-11 || 2024-11-12 || 2024-09-14 || Jiva || Manske&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Jiva Manske--&gt;{{cite Q|Q130287696}}&lt;/ref&gt; || 22nd Century Initiative&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--22nd CI--&gt;{{cite Q|Q129361855}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[22nd Century Initiative]]
|- 
| 7 || 2024-08-22|| 2024-08-27 || 2024-08-31 || Heidi || Beirich,&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!-- Heidi Beirich--&gt;{{cite Q|Q128844587}}&lt;/ref&gt; || Global Project Against Hate &amp; Extremism (GPAHE).&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!-- GPAHE--&gt;{{cite Q|Q125952435}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[Global Project Against Hate &amp; Extremism (GPAHE)]]
|-
| 6 || 2024-08-19 || 2024-08-20 || 2024-08-24 || [[w:Frances Haugen|Frances]] || [[w:Frances Haugen|Haugen]] || || [[Facebook whistleblower Frances Haugen says]]
|-
| 5 || 2024-08-13 || 2024-08-13 || 2024-08-17 || Matt || Wood&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Matt Wood--&gt;{{cite Q|Q128630750}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[w:Free Press (advocacy group)|Free Press]] || [[Legal concerns of Free Press including Section 230]]
|-
| 4 || 2024-08-02 || 2024-08-06 || 2024-08-10 || Ian Axel || Anderson&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Ian Axel Anderson--&gt;{{cite Q|Q128639294}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[w:California Institute of Technology|Caltech]] || [[How psychological and interpersonal processes are influenced by human-computer interactions]]
|-
| 3 || 2024-07-30 || 2024-07-30 || 2024-08-03 || [[w:Dean Baker|Dean]] || [[w:Dean Baker|Baker]] || [[w:Center for Economic and Policy Research|Center for Economic and Policy Research]] || [[Dean Baker on Internet companies threatening democracy internationally and how to fix that]]
|-
| 2 || 2021-04-29 || 2021-04-29 || 2021-05-16 || Craig || Aaron,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite Q|Q104624986}}&lt;!-- Craig Aaron --&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; || [[w:Free Press (organization)|Free Press (Freepress.net)]] || [[Media reform per Freepress.net]]
|- 
| 1 || 2021-02-23 || 2021-02-23 || 2021-03-17 || [[w:Dean Baker|Dean]] || [[w:Dean Baker|Baker]] || [[w:Center for Economic and Policy Research|Center for Economic and Policy Research]] ||[[Unrigging the media and the economy]]
|}

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

== Bibliography == 

* &lt;!-- H. R. McMaster (2020) Battlegrounds: The Fight to Defend the Free World--&gt;{{cite Q|Q104774898}}
* &lt;!--Maria Ressa (2022) How to Stand Up To a Dictator--&gt;{{cite Q|Q117559286}}

[[Category:Interdisciplinary studies]]

[[Category:Political science]]
[[Category:Economics]]
[[Category:Freedom and abundance]]
[[Category:Videoconferences on media and democracy]]</text>
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      <text bytes="3734" sha1="bwoisjt8yyefj6u2mih5ih8sj3tmf6y" xml:space="preserve">[https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamification Gamification] uses game-like elements in non-game areas to boost engagement, motivation, and experience. In education, it makes learning more interactive and fun by using game mechanics. This article looks at how gamification works in education, its benefits and challenges, and examples of its successful use.

Gamification involves incorporating game elements such as points, badges, leaderboards, and challenges into learning activities. These elements aim to motivate students by making learning objectives more attainable and rewarding.

== Benefits of Gamification in Education ==
Increased Engagement:Gamified learning experiences capture students' attention and maintain their interest over time. The interactive nature of games encourages active participation, making learning more dynamic.

Enhanced Motivation: Rewards and recognition, such as badges and points, can significantly boost students' intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Students are more likely to strive for higher achievements when they see tangible progress.

Improved Retention: Gamification can aid in knowledge retention by providing a hands-on and experiential learning process. Students are more likely to remember concepts learned through engaging and memorable activities.

Personalized Learning: Gamified systems can adapt to individual learning paces and styles. This personalization helps address the diverse needs of students, allowing for a more tailored educational experience.

== Challenges of Gamification in Education ==
Implementation Complexity: Adding gamified elements to current curricula can be hard and time-consuming. Teachers must ensure these elements match educational goals and standards.

Balance Between Fun and Learning: Gamification makes learning fun, but it's important to keep the focus on educational content. Too much emphasis on games can distract from learning objectives.

Accessibility Issues: Not all students may have the technology needed for gamified learning. Teachers must consider this and ensure all students can benefit.

== Examples of Gamification in Education ==
•'''Duolingo'''

[https://www.duolingo.com/ Duolingo] is a language learning platform that uses gamification to teach various languages. It incorporates points, levels, and rewards to motivate learners to practice daily and track their progress.

•'''Kahoot'''

[https://kahoot.com/ Kahoot!] is an interactive quiz platform that turns traditional assessments into fun, game-like experiences. It engages students through competitive quizzes.

•'''Classcraft'''.

[https://help.classcraft.com/hc/en-us/articles/217890088-What-is-Classcraft Classcraft] transforms the classroom into a role-playing game where students can earn points and rewards for positive behavior and academic achievements. It promotes teamwork and encourages a supportive learning environment.

== Sources ==
* [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230854710_From_Game_Design_Elements_to_Gamefulness_Defining_%27Gamification%27 Deterding, S., Dixon, D., Khaled, R., &amp; Nacke, L. (2011). From game design elements to gamefulness: Defining &quot;gamification&quot;. Proceedings of the 15th International Academic MindTrek Conference: Envisioning Future Media Environments.]
* &quot;[https://www.teachthought.com/the-future-of-learning/technology/how-gamification-is-used-in-education/ How Gamification is Used in Education&quot; by TeachThought Staff. TeachThought.] 
* [https://www.uwe.ac.uk/news/The%20impact%20of%20gamification%20on%20student%20learning%20research%20report.pdf &quot;The Impact of Gamification on Student Learning&quot; by Heather Fraser, Nick Gosling, and Chris Green. University of the West of England.]

[[Category:Learning]]</text>
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      <text bytes="3746" sha1="2ahvqd46v14jc3acjwhcb31l0ik7qbr" xml:space="preserve">[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamification Gamification]] (Wikipedia) uses game-like elements in non-game areas to boost engagement, motivation, and experience. In education, it makes learning more interactive and fun by using game mechanics. This article looks at how gamification works in education, its benefits and challenges, and examples of its successful use.

Gamification involves incorporating game elements such as points, badges, leaderboards, and challenges into learning activities. These elements aim to motivate students by making learning objectives more attainable and rewarding.

== Benefits of Gamification in Education ==
Increased Engagement:Gamified learning experiences capture students' attention and maintain their interest over time. The interactive nature of games encourages active participation, making learning more dynamic.

Enhanced Motivation: Rewards and recognition, such as badges and points, can significantly boost students' intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Students are more likely to strive for higher achievements when they see tangible progress.

Improved Retention: Gamification can aid in knowledge retention by providing a hands-on and experiential learning process. Students are more likely to remember concepts learned through engaging and memorable activities.

Personalized Learning: Gamified systems can adapt to individual learning paces and styles. This personalization helps address the diverse needs of students, allowing for a more tailored educational experience.

== Challenges of Gamification in Education ==
Implementation Complexity: Adding gamified elements to current curricula can be hard and time-consuming. Teachers must ensure these elements match educational goals and standards.

Balance Between Fun and Learning: Gamification makes learning fun, but it's important to keep the focus on educational content. Too much emphasis on games can distract from learning objectives.

Accessibility Issues: Not all students may have the technology needed for gamified learning. Teachers must consider this and ensure all students can benefit.

== Examples of Gamification in Education ==
•'''Duolingo'''

[https://www.duolingo.com/ Duolingo] is a language learning platform that uses gamification to teach various languages. It incorporates points, levels, and rewards to motivate learners to practice daily and track their progress.

•'''Kahoot'''

[https://kahoot.com/ Kahoot!] is an interactive quiz platform that turns traditional assessments into fun, game-like experiences. It engages students through competitive quizzes.

•'''Classcraft'''.

[https://help.classcraft.com/hc/en-us/articles/217890088-What-is-Classcraft Classcraft] transforms the classroom into a role-playing game where students can earn points and rewards for positive behavior and academic achievements. It promotes teamwork and encourages a supportive learning environment.

== Sources ==
* [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230854710_From_Game_Design_Elements_to_Gamefulness_Defining_%27Gamification%27 Deterding, S., Dixon, D., Khaled, R., &amp; Nacke, L. (2011). From game design elements to gamefulness: Defining &quot;gamification&quot;. Proceedings of the 15th International Academic MindTrek Conference: Envisioning Future Media Environments.]
* &quot;[https://www.teachthought.com/the-future-of-learning/technology/how-gamification-is-used-in-education/ How Gamification is Used in Education&quot; by TeachThought Staff. TeachThought.] 
* [https://www.uwe.ac.uk/news/The%20impact%20of%20gamification%20on%20student%20learning%20research%20report.pdf &quot;The Impact of Gamification on Student Learning&quot; by Heather Fraser, Nick Gosling, and Chris Green. University of the West of England.]

[[Category:Learning]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>2833286</id>
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      <comment>actualyl fix link</comment>
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      <text bytes="3744" sha1="6gyqlki5t3i8xd78fmi6bzsfr2mjp4w" xml:space="preserve">[[w:Gamification Gamification|Gamification Gamification]] (Wikipedia) uses game-like elements in non-game areas to boost engagement, motivation, and experience. In education, it makes learning more interactive and fun by using game mechanics. This article looks at how gamification works in education, its benefits and challenges, and examples of its successful use.

Gamification involves incorporating game elements such as points, badges, leaderboards, and challenges into learning activities. These elements aim to motivate students by making learning objectives more attainable and rewarding.

== Benefits of Gamification in Education ==
Increased Engagement:Gamified learning experiences capture students' attention and maintain their interest over time. The interactive nature of games encourages active participation, making learning more dynamic.

Enhanced Motivation: Rewards and recognition, such as badges and points, can significantly boost students' intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Students are more likely to strive for higher achievements when they see tangible progress.

Improved Retention: Gamification can aid in knowledge retention by providing a hands-on and experiential learning process. Students are more likely to remember concepts learned through engaging and memorable activities.

Personalized Learning: Gamified systems can adapt to individual learning paces and styles. This personalization helps address the diverse needs of students, allowing for a more tailored educational experience.

== Challenges of Gamification in Education ==
Implementation Complexity: Adding gamified elements to current curricula can be hard and time-consuming. Teachers must ensure these elements match educational goals and standards.

Balance Between Fun and Learning: Gamification makes learning fun, but it's important to keep the focus on educational content. Too much emphasis on games can distract from learning objectives.

Accessibility Issues: Not all students may have the technology needed for gamified learning. Teachers must consider this and ensure all students can benefit.

== Examples of Gamification in Education ==
•'''Duolingo'''

[https://www.duolingo.com/ Duolingo] is a language learning platform that uses gamification to teach various languages. It incorporates points, levels, and rewards to motivate learners to practice daily and track their progress.

•'''Kahoot'''

[https://kahoot.com/ Kahoot!] is an interactive quiz platform that turns traditional assessments into fun, game-like experiences. It engages students through competitive quizzes.

•'''Classcraft'''.

[https://help.classcraft.com/hc/en-us/articles/217890088-What-is-Classcraft Classcraft] transforms the classroom into a role-playing game where students can earn points and rewards for positive behavior and academic achievements. It promotes teamwork and encourages a supportive learning environment.

== Sources ==
* [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230854710_From_Game_Design_Elements_to_Gamefulness_Defining_%27Gamification%27 Deterding, S., Dixon, D., Khaled, R., &amp; Nacke, L. (2011). From game design elements to gamefulness: Defining &quot;gamification&quot;. Proceedings of the 15th International Academic MindTrek Conference: Envisioning Future Media Environments.]
* &quot;[https://www.teachthought.com/the-future-of-learning/technology/how-gamification-is-used-in-education/ How Gamification is Used in Education&quot; by TeachThought Staff. TeachThought.] 
* [https://www.uwe.ac.uk/news/The%20impact%20of%20gamification%20on%20student%20learning%20research%20report.pdf &quot;The Impact of Gamification on Student Learning&quot; by Heather Fraser, Nick Gosling, and Chris Green. University of the West of England.]

[[Category:Learning]]</text>
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    <revision>
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      <comment>/* Examples of Gamification in Education */ formatting</comment>
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      <text bytes="3742" sha1="r5qpayi4jj6kne79exn0rys3yu135zy" xml:space="preserve">[[w:Gamification Gamification|Gamification Gamification]] (Wikipedia) uses game-like elements in non-game areas to boost engagement, motivation, and experience. In education, it makes learning more interactive and fun by using game mechanics. This article looks at how gamification works in education, its benefits and challenges, and examples of its successful use.

Gamification involves incorporating game elements such as points, badges, leaderboards, and challenges into learning activities. These elements aim to motivate students by making learning objectives more attainable and rewarding.

== Benefits of Gamification in Education ==
Increased Engagement:Gamified learning experiences capture students' attention and maintain their interest over time. The interactive nature of games encourages active participation, making learning more dynamic.

Enhanced Motivation: Rewards and recognition, such as badges and points, can significantly boost students' intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Students are more likely to strive for higher achievements when they see tangible progress.

Improved Retention: Gamification can aid in knowledge retention by providing a hands-on and experiential learning process. Students are more likely to remember concepts learned through engaging and memorable activities.

Personalized Learning: Gamified systems can adapt to individual learning paces and styles. This personalization helps address the diverse needs of students, allowing for a more tailored educational experience.

== Challenges of Gamification in Education ==
Implementation Complexity: Adding gamified elements to current curricula can be hard and time-consuming. Teachers must ensure these elements match educational goals and standards.

Balance Between Fun and Learning: Gamification makes learning fun, but it's important to keep the focus on educational content. Too much emphasis on games can distract from learning objectives.

Accessibility Issues: Not all students may have the technology needed for gamified learning. Teachers must consider this and ensure all students can benefit.

== Examples of Gamification in Education ==
* '''Duolingo'''
::[https://www.duolingo.com/ Duolingo] is a language learning platform that uses gamification to teach various languages. It incorporates points, levels, and rewards to motivate learners to practice daily and track their progress.
* '''Kahoot'''
::[https://kahoot.com/ Kahoot!] is an interactive quiz platform that turns traditional assessments into fun, game-like experiences. It engages students through competitive quizzes.
* '''Classcraft'''.
::[https://help.classcraft.com/hc/en-us/articles/217890088-What-is-Classcraft Classcraft] transforms the classroom into a role-playing game where students can earn points and rewards for positive behavior and academic achievements. It promotes teamwork and encourages a supportive learning environment.

== Sources ==
* [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230854710_From_Game_Design_Elements_to_Gamefulness_Defining_%27Gamification%27 Deterding, S., Dixon, D., Khaled, R., &amp; Nacke, L. (2011). From game design elements to gamefulness: Defining &quot;gamification&quot;. Proceedings of the 15th International Academic MindTrek Conference: Envisioning Future Media Environments.]
* &quot;[https://www.teachthought.com/the-future-of-learning/technology/how-gamification-is-used-in-education/ How Gamification is Used in Education&quot; by TeachThought Staff. TeachThought.] 
* [https://www.uwe.ac.uk/news/The%20impact%20of%20gamification%20on%20student%20learning%20research%20report.pdf &quot;The Impact of Gamification on Student Learning&quot; by Heather Fraser, Nick Gosling, and Chris Green. University of the West of England.]

[[Category:Learning]]</text>
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      <id>2833288</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Michael Ten</username>
        <id>654933</id>
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      <comment>super actually fix link</comment>
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      <text bytes="3716" sha1="gl1dklqjqneg56bvcii57zb8xkj0dl0" xml:space="preserve">[[w:Gamification|Gamification]] (Wikipedia) uses game-like elements in non-game areas to boost engagement, motivation, and experience. In education, it makes learning more interactive and fun by using game mechanics. This article looks at how gamification works in education, its benefits and challenges, and examples of its successful use.

Gamification involves incorporating game elements such as points, badges, leaderboards, and challenges into learning activities. These elements aim to motivate students by making learning objectives more attainable and rewarding.

== Benefits of Gamification in Education ==
Increased Engagement:Gamified learning experiences capture students' attention and maintain their interest over time. The interactive nature of games encourages active participation, making learning more dynamic.

Enhanced Motivation: Rewards and recognition, such as badges and points, can significantly boost students' intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Students are more likely to strive for higher achievements when they see tangible progress.

Improved Retention: Gamification can aid in knowledge retention by providing a hands-on and experiential learning process. Students are more likely to remember concepts learned through engaging and memorable activities.

Personalized Learning: Gamified systems can adapt to individual learning paces and styles. This personalization helps address the diverse needs of students, allowing for a more tailored educational experience.

== Challenges of Gamification in Education ==
Implementation Complexity: Adding gamified elements to current curricula can be hard and time-consuming. Teachers must ensure these elements match educational goals and standards.

Balance Between Fun and Learning: Gamification makes learning fun, but it's important to keep the focus on educational content. Too much emphasis on games can distract from learning objectives.

Accessibility Issues: Not all students may have the technology needed for gamified learning. Teachers must consider this and ensure all students can benefit.

== Examples of Gamification in Education ==
* '''Duolingo'''
::[https://www.duolingo.com/ Duolingo] is a language learning platform that uses gamification to teach various languages. It incorporates points, levels, and rewards to motivate learners to practice daily and track their progress.
* '''Kahoot'''
::[https://kahoot.com/ Kahoot!] is an interactive quiz platform that turns traditional assessments into fun, game-like experiences. It engages students through competitive quizzes.
* '''Classcraft'''.
::[https://help.classcraft.com/hc/en-us/articles/217890088-What-is-Classcraft Classcraft] transforms the classroom into a role-playing game where students can earn points and rewards for positive behavior and academic achievements. It promotes teamwork and encourages a supportive learning environment.

== Sources ==
* [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230854710_From_Game_Design_Elements_to_Gamefulness_Defining_%27Gamification%27 Deterding, S., Dixon, D., Khaled, R., &amp; Nacke, L. (2011). From game design elements to gamefulness: Defining &quot;gamification&quot;. Proceedings of the 15th International Academic MindTrek Conference: Envisioning Future Media Environments.]
* &quot;[https://www.teachthought.com/the-future-of-learning/technology/how-gamification-is-used-in-education/ How Gamification is Used in Education&quot; by TeachThought Staff. TeachThought.] 
* [https://www.uwe.ac.uk/news/The%20impact%20of%20gamification%20on%20student%20learning%20research%20report.pdf &quot;The Impact of Gamification on Student Learning&quot; by Heather Fraser, Nick Gosling, and Chris Green. University of the West of England.]

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    <title>Motivation and emotion/Book/2026/Social dominance and power motivation</title>
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      <text bytes="21406" sha1="kgnmlowbq1ey0enq9szmozugepo8011" xml:space="preserve">{{title|Social dominance and power motivation:&lt;br&gt;What is the relationship between social dominance and power motivation?}}
&lt;div align=center&gt;Edit the wording (and [[w:Stylistic or specialised usage|casing]]) above so that it matches the [[Motivation and emotion/Book/Current|topic list]].&lt;br&gt;[[Motivation and emotion/About/Staff|Seek approval]] for any changes.&lt;br&gt;Do not add your name; authorship is shown in the [[Special:History/{{PAGENAME}}|page history]].&lt;/div&gt;
__TOC__

==Overview==
{{RoundBoxTop|theme=3}}
[[File:Noun Staff Management 4185.svg|Management chart right|thumb|200px|'''Figure 1'''. Power hierarchy in the workplace]]

'''Scenario: Raising up vs. pushing down.'''

Two graduates start the same week at a large firm. One quickly puts their hand up to lead every project going, coordinating people, chasing decisions, and making sure things get done — and uses that influence to actively mentor junior colleagues and push for flatter, fairer pay structures. The other has no interest in leading projects or managing anyone, yet defends the firm's steep hierarchy (see Figure 1) as natural and fair: &quot;some people are just better suited to being in charge, and the system reflects that.&quot; They also actively lobbies against a new scheme providing staff from under-represented backgrounds with better access to mentoring, training, and development opportunities, arguing certain groups should stay in junior roles &quot;where they belong&quot; and pushing to have the scheme scrapped. Both are equally competent. Why does one seem driven to personally influence the people around them, while the other — without wanting any personal authority — is instead driven to keep entire groups beneath others?

{{RoundBoxBottom}}

* Power motivation and social dominance are two distinct yet related constructs that explain different aspects of hierarchy seeking: social dominance orientation (SDO) — a preference for one's group to dominate other groups viewed as lesser — and power motivation — a personal drive to influence, control, or impact specific individuals.
* While these constructs are closely related and often operate interchangeably, they operate at different levels, that being group-based ideology vs. interpersonal drive, and can occur independently of one another. The clarification of these constructs is important as both constructs can be used to predict real world outcomes, such as an individuals likelihood to emerge as a leader, support for discriminatory policy, and how power is exercised when it is gained.
* Psychological theories such as social dominance theory and need theory, as well as measurement tools such as SDO scales and implicit motive coding that allow us to examine an individuals drive to influence others and what motivates them to do this.

{{RoundBoxTop|theme=3}}

'''Focus questions'''

* What is social dominance orientation, and how does it relate to broader group hierarchies?
* What is power motivation, and how is it expressed differently across different demographics (gender, culture, class, etc)? 
* How do legitimising myths sustain or challenge social hierarchies?
* How do these constructs shape political attitudes, leadership styles, and intergroup behaviours?

{{RoundBoxBottom}}

==Social dominance orientation==
Intro paragraph plan: define SDO briefly then continue to theoretical origins and how it factors into predictions.

=== Origins in social dominance theory ===

* [[wikipedia:Social_dominance_orientation|Social dominance theory]] (SDT) identifies three specific types of group-based social hierarchy: the age system (adults over youth), patriarchy (males over females), and the arbitrary-set system (culturally defined groups like ethnicity, religion, class, etc). 
* Social dominance orientation (SDO) is defined as a measurable individual difference in the preference for group-based hierarchy, the degree to which a person prefers their own group to dominate and hold power over other groups.
* SDT states that social institution, including legal systems, organised religions, schools, and workplaces contribute to maintaining group-based inequality by disproportionately alllocating resources such as healthcare, wealth, and access to opportunities to dominant groups, while directing undesirable happenings towards subordinate groups such as imprisonment or dangerous work.
* Key references: (Pratto et al., 1994), (Sidanius &amp; Pratto, 2001)

=== Measuring social dominance orientation and what it predicts ===

* The SD07 scale distinguished between two sub-dimensions: SDO-Dominance (SDO-D) which involves support for active group oppression and SDO-Egalitarianism (SDO-E) which reflects a preference for group inequality and is linked to more subtle forms of prejudice and inequality as well as opposition to equality-promoting policies.
* SDO is a strong predictor of prejudice, ethnocentrism, and support for discriminatory or hierarchy based policies (verified empirically rhtough multiple studies across cultures and countries)
* High-SDO individuals show strong preference for hierarchy-enhancing roles for example police officers, criminal prosecutors, CEO's, while low-SDO individuals prefer hierarchy-attenuating roles such as human rights advocates, public defenders, and social workers.
* Key references: (Ho et al., 2015), (Sidanius &amp; Pratto, 2001)

==Power motivation==
Introduce nPower and unpack the theory and measurement.

=== McClelland's need theory and measurement ===

* McClelland proposed that humans vary in the relative strength of three learned needs: achievement, affiliation, and power, with nPower reflecting a desire to have an impact on or control over other people.
* Power motivation can be measured via coded responses to amiguous picture-story tasks (i will add a picture here)
* Implicit power motivation has measurable physiological correlations, such as different cortisol responses to viewing facial expressions reflecting high or low dominance (angry vs surpised) depending on the strength of the individuals implicit power motive
* Key references: (McClelland, 1975), (Rybnicek et al., 2017), (Wirth et al., 2006)

=== Personalised vs socialised power across cultures ===

* There is distinct difference between a personalised power motive (power sought for dominance and social status) and a socialised power motive (influence exercised responsibly on behalf of a group or cause)
* Cultural factors shape which expressions of power motivation are normalised and rewarded: Vertical cultural orientations which accept and value hierarchy vs horizontal culture orientation which emphasises equality shape how status and influence are pursued and displayed.
* These ideas show that power motivation is not inherently good or bad, its consequences rely heavily on its socialised expression and the cultural context in which it is done 
* Key references: (Triandis &amp; Gelfand, 1998), (Magee &amp; Galinsky, 2008)

==Legitimising myths==
Introduce legitimising myths as the ideological idea that sustains or challenges hierarchy, connecting SDO to social behaviour

=== Hierarchy-enhancing vs hierarchy-attenuating myths ===

* Social dominance theory proposes that legitimising myths (widely shared beliefs or ideologies) justify the distribution of social value between groups
* Hierarchy-enhancing myths legitimise existing inequality whereas hierarchy attenuating myths challenge it.
* High-SDO individuals selectively endorse hierarchy-enhancing myths
* Key references: (Sidanius &amp; Pratto, 2001)

=== Legitimising narratives in media and institutions ===

* Legitimising myths are transmitted and reinforced through everyday cultural narratives: news media, television, and social media
* As legitimising myths operate at a societal/cultural level they help explain my SDO tracks so consistently with broader political and institutional outcomes
* Essentially legitimising myths are the ideological mechanism through which SDO translates into support for real policies 
* Key references: (Sidanius &amp; Pratto, 2001), (Pratto et al., 1994)

==The link between social dominance orientation and power motivation==

* Both constructs concern hierarchy but at different levels, SDO is a group-level ideological preference for inequality whereas power motivation is typically an individual level interpersonal drive
* High scores in power motivation does not necessarily mean one will have a high score in SDO
* They share theoretical roots in responses to competion for status and resources  

== Political and social behaviour ==
Individual disposition like SDO and nPower are often linked into collective political attitudes and behaviours that sustain or challenge group-based social oppression

=== SDO, right-wing authoritarianism, and political ideology ===

* SDO and right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) arise from different wordview based roots however both can connect and predict prejudice and political conservatism
* RWA reflects a desire for collective security and conformity whereas SDO reflects a motivation for group-based dominance and intergroup competition. The two are still interconnected however.
* Together the two can explain support for hierarchy maintaining policies an opposition to egalitarian social change
* Key references: (Duckitt &amp; Sibley, 2010), (Ekehammar et al., 2004), (Ward, 1982)

== Power, leadership, and individual differences ==
Intro paragraph about how motivation can be linked to leadership outcomes and the individual differences that shape these outcomes

=== Prosocial vs. antisocial leadership ===

* Individuals with high SDO levels gravitate towards hierarchy-enhancing roles and are more likely to engage in unethical decision-making as leaders
* The same motive for a desire for influence or power can lead to vastly different social outcomes depending on whether it is channeled through egalitarian or dominating orientations

{{RoundBoxTop|theme=3}}
'''Case study: power and dominance in cult leadership'''

* Cult leaders often display extreme, personalised power motives combined with high SDO beliefs about their groups superiority, displaying how the two constructs can compound to produce highly coersive social structures

{{RoundBoxBottom}}

* Key references: (Magee &amp; Galinsky, 2008), (Denrich, 2024)

=== Biological basis, gender differences, and situation triggers ===
* Neuroimaging research suggests the brain processes social rank as a fundamental dimension of interpersonal context, with distinct neural responses to ones position in a status hierarchy
* Sex differences are commonly reported in SDO with men scoring higher on average
* Situation triggers are also linked with ingroup threat or competition ot resources being able to temporarily heighten both SDO and power-motivated behaviour
* Key references: (Zink et al., 2008), (Sidanius et al., 2000), (Sidanius et al., 2000)

== Conclusion ==

* Social dominance orientation and power motivation are related but distinct: SDO is a group-level ideological preference for hierarchy sustained by legitimising myths; power motivation is a personal, often implicit, drive to influence specific others.
* The two exist separately however, a person can want personal influence without wanting group-based dominance, or vice versa
* Both are influenced by biology, personality, culture, and situational triggers, and both feed into real-world outcomes such as political ideology, intergroup conflict, and either coercive or responsible leadership
* Recognising which construct is driving a persons behaviour and whether power is being expressed personally or socially has practical value for understanding leadership, workplace dynamics, and social conflict.

==Learning features==
Learning features help to bring book chapters to life and can be embedded throughout the chapter. Here are some options:

{{anchor|Scenarios}}
;Scenarios
* Scenarios, case studies, or examples that illustrate concepts in action
* Present using [[#Feature boxes|feature boxes]]; can be split into multiple boxes throughout a chapter (e.g., to illustrate different theories or stages)
* Can be real or fictional; if real, provide citation(s)

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;Feature boxes
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;Embedded links
* When key words are introduced, use [[Help:Links|interwiki links]] to:
** Wikipedia articles (e.g., &quot;An early psychological view [[w:Dreams|dreams]]) of dreams was provided by [[w:Sigmund Freud|Sigmund Freud]]&quot;) or
** Related book chapters (e.g., &quot;If you're feeling stuck, check out the chapter about [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Writer's block|writer's block]]&quot;)

{{anchor|Tables}}
;Tables
* Use tables to organise and summarise information
* Cite each table at least once in the main text (e.g., see Table 1)
* Tables should be captioned
* [[Motivation and emotion/Wikiversity/Tables|More example tables]] which can be adapted

'''Table 1''' 

A Descriptive Caption Explains The Table Contents and its Relevance to the Text e.g., 

The 2 x 2 Johari Window Model Showing the Relationship Between Known/Unknown and Self/Other

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin: auto;
|-
! !! Known to self !! Not known to self
|-
| '''Known to others''' || Open area || Blind spot
|-
| '''Not known to others''' || Hidden area || Unknown
|}

;Quizzes
* One or two quiz questions for each main section is better than a long quiz at the end
* Quiz ''conceptual'' understanding, rather than trivia. Ask about important information such as the take-home messages
* Ask easy rather than hard questions
* Different types of quiz questions are possible; see [[Help:Quiz|Quiz]]

Example simple quiz questions. Choose your answers and click &quot;Submit&quot;:
&lt;quiz display=simple&gt;
{The purpose of quizzes is to provide an interactive learning feature:
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
+ True
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|type=&quot;()&quot;}
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&lt;/quiz&gt;

==See also==
[[Help:Contents/Links#Interwiki_links|Internal (wiki) links]] to the most relevant Wikiversity pages (esp. related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|motivation and emotion book chapters]]) and [[w:|Wikipedia articles]]. Use [[w:Letter case#Sentence casing|sentence casing]] and alphabetical order. For example:
* [[wikipedia:Need_for_power|Need for power]]
* [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2021/Light triad|Light triad]] 
* [[wikipedia:Social_identity_theory|Social identity theory]]
* [[w:Self determination theory|Self determination theory]] 
* [[wikipedia:Right-wing_authoritarianism|Right wing authoritarianism]]
* [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2024/Social dominance and power motivation|Social dominance and power motivation]] (Book chapter, 2024)

{{tip|Suggestions for this section:
* Link to the most relevant internal resources about the topic
* Include the source in parentheses
}}

==References==
Provide the references for all citations in [[w:APA style|APA style]] (7th ed.) or [[w:Wikipedia:Citing sources|wiki style]]. Alternatively, you can use wiki style (as used on Wikipedia), as long as the information is complete and the formatting is consistent.\

{{Hanging indent|1=

Abou-Ismail, R., Cichocka, A., Phillips, J., &amp; Sengupta, N. K. (2025). Authoritarianism and social dominance as differential predictors of individuals’ support for collective violence. Psychology of Violence, 15(5), 634–644. https://doi.org/10.1037/vio0000580Anderson, 

C., &amp; Kilduff, G. J. (2009). The pursuit of status in social groups. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18(5), 295–298. https://doi.org/10.1111/.1467-8721.2009.01655.x

Denrich, D. S. (2024). Charismatic leadership and vulnerability: A comprehensive study of cult dynamics. Psychology Presentations. https://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/psych_pres/11/

Duckitt, J., &amp; Sibley, C. G. (2010). Personality, ideology, prejudice, and politics: A dual‐process motivational model. Journal of Personality, 78(6), 1861–1894. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2010.00672.x

Ekehammar, B., Akrami, N., Gylje, M., &amp; Zakrisson, I. (2004). What matters most to prejudice: Big five personality, social dominance orientation, or right-wing authoritarianism? European Journal of Personality, 18(6), 463–482. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.526

Ho, A. K., Sidanius, J., Kteily, N., Sheehy-Skeffington, J., Pratto, F., Henkel, K. E., Foels, R., &amp; Stewart, A. L. (2015). The nature of social dominance orientation: Theorizing and measuring preferences for intergroup inequality using the new SDO₇ scale. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 109(6), 1003–1028. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000033

Magee, J. C., &amp; Galinsky, A. D. (2008). Social hierarchy: The self‐reinforcing nature of power and status. The Academy of Management Annals, 2(1), 351–398. https://doi.org/10.1080/19416520802211628

McClelland, D. C. (1975). Power : The inner experience. Irvington Publishers.Pratto, F., Sidanius, J., Stallworth, L. M., &amp; Malle, B. F. (1994). Social dominance orientation: A personality variable predicting social and political attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(4), 741–763. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.67.4.741

Rybnicek, R., Bergner, S., &amp; Gutschelhofer, A. (2017). How individual needs influence motivation effects: A neuroscientific study on McClelland’s need theory. Review of Managerial Science, 13(2), 443–482. springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-017-0252-1

Sidanius, J., Levin, S., Liu, J., &amp; Pratto, F. (2000). Social dominance orientation, anti-egalitarianism and the political psychology of gender: An extension and cross-cultural replication. European Journal of Social Psychology, 30(1), 41–67. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0992(200001/02)30:1&lt;41::aid-ejsp976&gt;3.0.co;2-o

Sidanius, J., &amp; Pratto, F. (2001). Social dominance: An intergroup theory of social hierarchy and oppression. Contemporary Sociology, 30(2), 120. https://doi.org/10.2307/2655372

Son Hing, L. S., Bobocel, D. R., Zanna, M. P., &amp; McBride, M. V. (2007). Authoritarian dynamics and unethical decision making: High social dominance orientation leaders and high right-wing authoritarianism followers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(1), 67–81. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.92.1.67

Triandis, H. C., &amp; Gelfand, M. J. (1998). Converging measurement of horizontal and vertical individualism and collectivism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(1), 118–128. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.74.1.118

Ward, D. (1982). Right-wing authoritarianism. . American Political Science Review, 76(3), 737–738. https://doi.org/10.2307/1963836

Wilson, M. S., &amp; Liu, J. H. (2003). Social dominance orientation and gender: The moderating role of gender identity. British Journal of Social Psychology, 42(2), 187–198. https://doi.org/10.1348/014466603322127175

Wirth, M. M., Welsh, K. M., &amp; Schultheiss, O. C. (2006). Salivary cortisol changes in humans after winning or losing a dominance contest depend on implicit power motivation. Hormones and Behavior, 49(3), 346–352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2005.08.013

Zink, C. F., Tong, Y., Chen, Q., Bassett, D. S., Stein, J. L., &amp; Meyer-Lindenberg, A. (2008). Know your place: Neural processing of social hierarchy in humans. Neuron, 58(2), 273–283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2008.01.025

}}

{{tip|Suggestions for this section:
* Important aspects of APA referencing style
** Author surname, followed by a comma, then the author initials separated by full stops and spaces
** Year of publication in parentheses
** Title of work in lower case (except first letter and proper names), ending in a full-stop
** Journal title in italics, volume number in italics, issue number in parentheses, first and last page numbers separated by an en-dash(–), followed by a full-stop
** doi as a URL which is a working hyperlink (i.e., clickable)
** Hanging indent: Wrap the set of references in the [[Template:Hanging indent|hanging indent template]]:
*** Use &quot;Edit source&quot;
*** &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Hanging indent|1= the full list of references}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
* The most common mistakes include:
** Incorrect capitalisation
** Incorrect italicisation
** dois which aren't clickable as working hyperlinks
** Citing sources that haven't been consulted
}}

== External links ==
[[Help:Contents/Links#External_links|External links]] to highly relevant resources such as podcasts and videos, news articles, and professional sites. Use [[w:Letter case#Sentence casing|sentence casing]] and alphabetical order. For example:
* [https://students.unimelb.edu.au/academic-skills/explore-our-resources/essay-writing/six-top-tips-for-writing-a-great-essay Six top tips for writing a great essay] (University of Melbourne)
* [http://www.skillsyouneed.com/write/structure.html The importance of structure] (skillsyouneed.com)

{{tip|Suggestions for this section:
* Link to the most relevant external resources about the topic
* Include the source in parentheses after the link
}}

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__TOC__

==Overview==
{{RoundBoxTop|theme=3}}

[[File:Work-life-balance.webp|thumb|'''Figure 1'''. [Insert caption here]]]

Imagine a university student who has an important exam coming up, weekly assessment and other things that should be done outside the university. Balancing life with school responsibilities, personal things and a career job working on. This are the things that a person is dealing with. What strategies can help a person stay motivated while using wisdom to make good decisions and managing their emotions? How can we maintain wisdom, motivation, and emotional balance when facing challenges in life?

{{RoundBoxBottom}}

Wisdom, motivation, and emotion are three important aspects of human psychology that influence the way people think, feel, and behave. Wisdom involves using knowledge and experience to make thoughtful decisions. Motivation gives people the drive to achieve their goals and overcome challenges. Emotion refers to feelings that affect our thoughts, decisions, and actions. Understanding these three concepts can help us better understand human behaviour and how people respond to different situations.

This book chapter will hopefully bring understanding the Wisdom, Motivation and Emotion behind human behaviour. As you can see on [[:File:Work-life-balance.webp|Figure 1]], the chapter will cover relevant theories that attempt to explain the Wisdom, Motivation and Emotion of a person.

{{RoundBoxTop|theme=3}}

;Focus questions

* How thinking influences behaviour?{{vague}}
* What are the psychological theories for wisdom, motivation and emotion?{{ic|APA style uses serial commas}}

{{RoundBoxBottom}}

== Introduction to wisdom, motivation and emotion ==

=== Psychological Theories: ===

==== 1.Wisdom ====
the ability to combine knowledge, experience, and deep judgment to make sound decisions and navigate complex or uncertain life situations.

* The Berlin Definition''':''' Psychologist Paul Baltes defined wisdom as &quot;expert knowledge in the fundamental pragmatics of life&quot; that helps people give good advice on difficult matters.{{fact}}
* Robert Sternberg’s View''':''' He defines wisdom as balancing one's own needs with the needs of others to achieve a common good.{{fact}}
* Monika Ardelt's View''':''' She views wisdom as an individual trait built through self-reflection, compassion, and a search for truth.{{fact}}

==== 2. Motivation ====
is the internal or external driving force that prompts a person to initiate, direct, and persist in goal-oriented behavior.{{g}}

* Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: Abraham Maslow proposed a pyramid of needs. People must satisfy basic physiological and safety needs before moving on to social, esteem, and self-actualization needs.
* Self-Determination Theory (SDT): This theory states that three basic psychological needs drive growth and engagement: autonomy (control), competence (mastery), and relatedness (connection).
* Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory: Job satisfaction comes from &quot;motivators&quot; (like achievement and growth), while job dissatisfaction comes from &quot;hygiene factors&quot; (like salary and working conditions).

==== 3. Emotion ====
is a complex mental and physical reaction to an event or situation that involves a subjective feeling, a bodily change, and an outward behavior.

* James-Lange Theory: Proposes that physical bodily arousal happens first, and the brain then interprets those physical changes as an emotion (e.g., your heart races before you feel afraid).
* Cannon-Bard Theory: Suggests that physical arousal and the emotional experience occur at the exact same time, rather than one causing the other.
* Schachter-Singer Two-Factor Theory: Argues that emotion requires two components: general physical arousal and a cognitive label applied to that arousal based on the context.
* Cognitive Appraisal Theory: States that a person must first think about and evaluate a situation (appraisal) before experiencing the corresponding emotion.
* Facial Feedback Theory: Suggests that facial expressions can actually trigger or influence emotional feelings (e.g., smiling can make you feel happier).
* Evolutionary Theory: Views emotions as adaptive responses that evolved to help humans survive and react quickly to environmental dangers.

{{RoundBoxTop|theme=3}}
;Case study: The burned-out high achiever

Emma is a 24-year-old university student who has always been highly motivated. Throughout school, she received excellent grades and was praised by her parents and teachers for being successful. She now studies law at university and spends most of her time studying, working part-time, and trying to maintain a social life.

Initially, Emma was driven by genuine interest in her degree and the desire to become a lawyer. Over time, however, her motivation changed. She became increasingly concerned about disappointing her parents and comparing herself with other high-achieving students.

During exam periods, Emma experiences intense anxiety. She has difficulty sleeping, becomes irritable with friends, and feels guilty whenever she takes time away from studying. Even when she performs well, she quickly focuses on what she could have done better.

After receiving a disappointing exam result, Emma considers dropping out. A mentor encourages her to reflect on what she actually values and what kind of life she wants beyond academic achievement. Emma begins recognising that success does not have to mean being perfect. She starts setting healthier boundaries, seeking support from friends, and making decisions based more on her long-term values than on other people's expectations.

{{RoundBoxBottom}}

== Conclusion ==

* A person’s wisdom usually develops through a combination of life experience, reflection, emotional maturity, knowledge, and the ability to see situations from multiple perspectives. Simply being older or having lots of knowledge doesn't necessarily make someone wise.
* A person becomes motivated when they have a reason to act and believe that their action can lead to something they value. Motivation is influenced by both internal factors (what we want, value, or enjoy) and external factors (rewards, expectations, consequences, or social pressure).
* Wisdom functions as a cognitive framework. It helps individuals interpret difficulty, regulate emotion, maintain motivation, and make decisions aligned with long-term values rather than short-term impulses. In this sense, wisdom is not simply something people possess — it is something they practice through thinking patterns and behavioral choices.
* Emotions are psychological and physiological responses to situations that we perceive as important. They influence how we think, behave, make decisions, and interact with other people.

== See also ==
{{ic|Try again - choose the ''most'' relevant sources}}

* [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2021/COVID-19 pandemic impacts on emotion|Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter]] (COVID-19 pandemic impacts on emotion)
* https://openbooks.library.baylor.edu/psychscience/chapter/emotion-motivation/ (Ch 10: Emotion and Motivation)

== References ==
{{expand}}

== External links ==
{{expand}}

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==Motivation==
# [[/Adolescent risk-taking and reward-system development/]] - How does reward circuit maturation influence adolescent sensation-seeking and impulsive behaviours? {{ME-By|U3280843}}
# [[/Akrasia/]] - Why do people act against their better judgement? {{ME-By|U3269672}}
# [[/Artificial intelligence and academic motivation/]] - How does artificial intelligence influence students’ motivation to learn, engage, and achieve? {{ME-By|U3280097}}
# [[/Attachment styles and relatedness motivation/]] - How do attachment styles affect the need for relatedness? {{ME-By|HawaSA}}
# [[/Athletic identity loss and returning to sport after injury/]] - How does injury related disruption to athletic identity affect motivation to return to sport? {{ME-By|Tammysaurus}}
# [[/Automaticity and goal pursuit/]] - How do habits and environmental cues drive unconscious goal pursuit? {{ME-By|Revial76}}
# [[/Basal ganglia and motivation/]] - What is the role of the basal ganglia in motivated behaviour? {{ME-By|U3233213}}
# [[/Basic psychological needs and social media use/]] - How do basic psychological needs explain patterns of social media engagement? {{ME-By|GraceInMind}}
# [[/Building therapeutic alliance/]] - What psychological factors contribute to the development of a strong therapeutic alliance? {{ME-By|U3175512}}
# [[/Charismatic leadership and follower motivation/]] - How does charismatic leadership inspire follower motivation? {{ME-By|U3275984}}
# [[/Competence motivation in self-determination theory/]] - How does the need for competence function within self-determination theory to shape motivation and behaviour? {{ME-By|Zozo}}
# [[/Consumer emotion measurement/]] - How can consumer emotion be measured? {{ME-By|Sienna33309}}
# [[/Creative inspiration and effort/]] - How do inspiration and effort interact during the creative process? {{ME-By|Vivekidid}}
# [[/Developing a growth mindset/]] - How can a growth mindset be cultivated and sustained? {{ME-By|LMM26}}
# [[/Effort regulation and cost-benefit decision-making/]] - How is effort dynamically adjusted based on changing cost-benefit analysis during goal pursuit? {{ME-By|Kelp14}}
# [[/ERG theory and motivation/]] - What is Alderfer's ERG theory and how does it explain human motivation? {{ME-By|Sarah Hagan06}}
# [[/Epistemic motivation and the need for cognitive closure/]] - How does epistemic motivation and the need for cognitive closure influence our lives? {{ME-By|Ayat Al-kabai}}
# [[/Exercise gamification motivation/]] - How can gamification affect exercise motivation and behaviour? {{ME-By|U3260591}}
# [[/Expectancy-value theory of educational motivation/|Expectancy-value theory of educational motivation]] - What is expectancy-value theory and how can it be applied to understand and enhance educational motivation? {{ME-By|StudentUC2026}}
# [[/Extended process model of emotion regulation/]] - What is the extended process model and how does it explain the regulation of emotions in different contexts? {{ME-By|TheHutt02}}
# [[/Feedback literacy/]] - What is feedback literacy, why does it matter, and how can it be developed? {{ME-By|WonderfulKitten3}}
# [[/Future orientation and criminal behaviour/]] - How does future orientation influence the risk of criminal activity? {{ME-By|U3275899}}
# [[/Game of dice task and decision-making/]] - What does the game of dice task reveal about risk-based decision-making? {{ME-By|U3216724}}
# [[/Gender and achievement motivation/]] - How does gender shape where, how, and under what conditions achievement motivation is expressed? {{ME-By|U3242837}}
# [[/Generativity/]] - What is generativity and how does it impact behaviour and life outcomes? {{ME-By|Monuc9}}
# [[/Getting started/]] - Why is task initiation difficult and how to overcome it? {{ME-By|U3286643}}
# [[/Hygiene motivation/]] - What motivates maintenance of personal hygiene? {{ME-By|U3275940}}
# [[/Hypothalamus and homeostatic motivation/]] - How do hypothalamic circuits regulate hunger, thirst, and other survival-related motivations? {{ME-By|U3297598}}
# [[/Impulsivity versus sensation-seeking/]] - What is the distinction between impulsivity and sensation-seeking and how does this affect behaviour? {{ME-By|Reillyu3280706}}
# [[/Indigenous Australian role models and motivation/]] - How do role models influence aspirations, identity development, and motivation among Indigenous Australians? {{ME-By|Jshottt}}
# [[/Interrogation and compliance/]] - What psychological processes influence resistance and compliance during interrogation? {{ME-By|U3283643}}
# [[/Lifelong learning motivation/]] - What motivates lifelong learning? {{ME-By|U3280251}}
# [[/Machiavellian motivation/]] - What is the motivational role of Machiavellianism? {{ME-By|Mim0502}}
# [[/Mesolimbic pathway and addiction motivation/]] - What role does the ventral tegmental area to nucleus accumbens pathway play in addictive behaviours? {{ME-By|U3280499}}
# [[/Mindsets and stigma/]] - What role do growth versus fixed mindsets play in prejudice and stigma? {{ME-By|U3275909}}
# [[/Motivations for using sex work services/]] - What motivates use of sex work services? {{ME-By|U3261236}}
# [[/Motivational effects of incarceration on Indigenous Australians/]] - What are the motivational effects of incarceration on Indigenous Australians?{{ME-By|U3183521}}
# [[/Need to love and be loved/]] - How does the desire to give and receive love influence motivation? {{ME-By|U3280743}}
# [[/Occupational violence, emotion, and coping/]] - What are the emotional impacts of occupational violence and how can employees cope? {{ME-By|Anne-Lyse Iran}}
# [[/Overconfidence in decision-making/]] - How does overconfidence bias affect judgement and decision-making? {{ME-By|BellaJohnson1}}
# [[/Parental motivations for homeschooling/]] - What motivates parents to homeschool their children? {{ME-By|Gracelp}}
# [[/Perfectionism and procrastination/]] - What is the role of perfectionism in procrastination and what can be done about it? {{ME-By|U3222012}}
# [[/Pleasure anticipation and dopamine/]] - How does the brain's reward system generate motivation through expected rather than experienced pleasure? {{ME-By|Ckopplemann}}
# [[/Possible selves and goal pursuit/]] - How do possible selves influence motivation and goal-directed behaviour? {{ME-By|Jack4234}}
# [[/Power motivation in leadership/]] - How does power motivation influence leadership styles and effectiveness? {{ME-By|PsychstudentUniversity!}}
# [[/Prevention versus promotion mindset/]] - What are the motivational differences between prevention and promotion mindsets? {{ME-By|Bronte.H}}
# [[/Relatedness motivation in self-determination theory/]] - How does the need for relatedness function within self-determination theory to shape motivation and behaviour? {{ME-By|U3203283}}
# [[/Retirement motivation/]] - What motivates retirement from work? {{ME-By|U3261207}}
# [[/Scarcity versus abundance mindset/]] - How do scarcity and abundance mindsets develop and what are the motivational consequences? {{ME-By|U32714291}}
# [[/Self-concept and motivation/]] - How does self-concept relate to motivation? {{ME-By|U3253363}}
# [[/Self-determination theory and dementia care/]] - How can autonomy, competence, and relatedness be supported in people living with dementia? {{ME-By|Ella Kay244}}
# [[/Self-determination theory and military veteran reintegration/]] - How do autonomy, competence, and relatedness shape psychological adjustment after military service? {{ME-By|U3246286}}
# [[/Self-determination theory and physical activity/]] - How do autonomy, competence, and relatedness predict engagement in physical activity and exercise adherence? {{ME-By|U3275908}}
# [[/Sensation-seeking and dopamine/]] - What is the neurobiological relationship between sensation-seeking and dopamine? {{ME-By|U3262868}}
# [[/Sex differences in sexual arousal patterns/]] - How do patterns of sexual arousal differ between males and females? {{ME-By|U3236349}}
# [[/Sex work motivation/]] - What motivates sex work and how does this impact worker experiences? {{ME-By|U3261376}}
# [[/Sleep deprivation, motivation, and academic performance/|Sleep deprivation, motivation, and academic performance]] - How does sleep deprivation affect motivation, attention, and academic performance in university students? {{ME-By|RileyRuckus}}
# [[/Social dominance and power motivation/]] - What is the relationship between social dominance and power motivation? {{ME-By|U3284302}}
# [[/Subcortical structures and motivational drive/]] - How do subcortical brain regions generate basic motivational impulses and energy? {{ME-By|U3281503}}
# [[/Sun exposure and protection motivation/]] - What motivates sun exposure and protection behaviours? {{ME-By|U3188047}}
# [[/Surrender motivation/]] - What is the motivational state of surrender and what are its impacts? {{ME-By|Chloebateup}}
# [[/Types of impulsivity/]] - What are the different types of impulsivity and how do they affect motivation? {{ME-By|Ella234567}}
# [[/Value congruence and motivation/]] - How does alignment between personal and situational values influence motivation? {{ME-By|U3275775}}
# [[/Volunteer counsellor motivation/]] - What motivates people to become and remain volunteer counsellors? {{ME-By|J.M.A Watson}}
# [[/Youth environmental activism motivation/]] - What motivates young people to engage in environmental activism? {{ME-By|SJPiper}}

==Emotion==
# [[/Active versus passive social media use/]] - How do different patterns of social media engagement influence emotions and psychological wellbeing? {{ME-By|U3282656}}
# [[/Adaptive versus maladaptive self-reflection/]] - When does self-reflection promote wellbeing and when does it contribute to psychological distress? {{ME-By|U3211150}}
# [[/Affect heuristic/]] - What is the affect heuristic and how does it influence decision making? {{ME-By|Charlie.henderson1}}
# [[/Alcohol use for emotion regulation/]] - Why and how do people use alcohol to regulate their emotions? {{ME-By|JessJ117}}
# [[/Apocalyptic fear/]] - What is apocalyptic fear, what are its consequences, and how can it be dealt with? {{ME-By|LazPulch}}
# [[/Awe and the diminished self/]] - How does awe diminish the self and how can this be applied? {{ME-By|Amirrorslens}}
# [[/Awe and nature/]] - What is the relationship between awe and nature? {{ME-By|U3269915}}
# [[/Body neutrality and emotional well-being/]] - How does a body-neutral perspective affect emotional well-being? {{ME-By|Amyuniversity}}
# [[/Breathing exercises and relaxation/]] - How can breathing exercises promote relaxation? {{ME-By|E3297976}}
# [[/Cancer screening and emotion/]] - How do emotions such as fear, anxiety, and relief influence cancer screening uptake? {{ME-By|U3280825}}
# [[/Cognitive hardiness and stress resilience/]] - How does cognitive hardiness promote resilience to stress and adversity? {{ME-By|U3068253}}
# [[/Cognitive versus affective empathy/]] - What are the differences between cognitive and affective empathy and how do they contribute to prosociality? {{ME-By|U3280159}}
# [[/Dark empathy/]] - What is dark empathy, what are its consequences, and what can be done to address it? {{ME-By|U3228742}}
# [[/Dreams and emotional problem-solving/]] - How do REM dreams contribute to emotional processing and adaptive coping? {{ME-By|U3270398}}
# [[/Eco-emotions/]] - What are eco-emotions, how do they influence behaviour, and how can they be managed? {{ME-By|U3243776 - Kels}}
# [[/Emotional effects of incarceration on Indigenous Australians/]] - What are the emotional effects of incarcertation on Indigenous Australians? {{ME-By|Lilfish215}}
# [[/Emotional expressivity/]] - What is emotional expressivity, why does it matter, and how can it be developed? {{ME-By|U3283812}}
# [[/Emotional flooding in relationships/]] - Why does emotional flooding occur, how does it affect relationships, and what can be done about it? {{ME-By|Tofu05}}
# [[/Emotional intelligence and emotional wellbeing/]] - How does emotional intelligence affect emotional wellbeing? {{ME-By|U3239236}}
# [[/Emotion dysregulation/]] - What is emotion dysregulation, what are its consequences, and how can it be managed? {{ME-By|U3285438}}
# [[/Emotion regulation through exercise/]] - How do people use exercise to regulate their emotional states? {{ME-By|KB3250298}}
# [[/Empathy and jury decision-making/]] - How does empathy toward defendants and victims influence jurors' reasoning and verdict decisions? {{ME-By|U3254168}}
# [[/Empathy fatigue and emotional exhaustion/]] - How does sustained empathic engagement contribute to emotional exhaustion? {{ME-By|U3143751}}
# [[/Enjoyment and learning/]] - How does enjoyment influence learning? {{ME-By|Diaz Chas}}
# [[/Envy in the workplace/]] - What role does envy play in workplace behaviour? {{ME-By|Flickstar888}}
# [[/Excitement as an emotion/]] - What is the emotion of excitement and how does it influence behaviour and wellbeing? {{ME-By|U3292769}}
# [[/Fear extinction/]] - What psychological and neural processes underlie the extinction of fear responses? {{ME-By|ChillPsychGuy0607}}
# [[/Growth mindset and psychological wellbeing/]] - How does a growth mindset influence psychological wellbeing? {{ME-By|Avj.06}}
# [[/Immersive therapy for PTSD treatment/]] - How does it work and what are the effects? {{ME-By|StretchBeyond}}
# [[/Interpersonal psychotherapy and emotion/]] - How does interpersonal psychotherapy improve emotional wellbeing through changes in relationships? {{ME-By|U3280122}}
# [[/Introjection and guilt-based motivation/]] - What role do shame and guilt play in introjected forms of behavioural regulation? {{ME-By|U3330981}}
# [[/Irritability/]] - What is irritability, what causes it, what are its consequences, and how can it be managed? {{ME-By|U3275992}}
# [[/Love styles and relationships/]] - How do love styles influence relationship satisfaction and stability? {{ME-By|U3246588}}
# [[/Melatonin and seasonal mood/]] - What role does melatonin play in seasonal mood changes? {{ME-By|U3224236}}
# [[/Mental health first aid and helping behaviour/]] - What motivates people to recognise, approach, and support someone with a mental health problem? {{ME-By|Katelyn Rod}}
# [[/Mood and cognitive performance/]] - How do different mood states impact attention, memory, and problem solving? {{ME-By|U3283879}}
# [[/Moodiness/]] - What is moodiness, why does it occur, and how can it be managed? {{ME-By|U3239251}}
# [[/Moral disgust and jury decision-making/]] - How does moral disgust influence jurors' judgments of guilt, blame, and punishment? {{ME-By|Yellowvines}}
# [[/Neurobiology of love/]] - What neural systems and biochemical processes underlie love? {{ME-By|Honeybelle11}}
# [[/Outdoor play and children's emotional well-being/]] - How does outdoor play influence children's emotional well-being? {{ME-By|Mymunu}}
# [[/Phubbing and emotion/]] - What are the emotional causes and consequences of phubbing? {{ME-By|U3243961}}
# [[/Positive emotion dysregulation/]] - What is positive emotion dysregulation and how does it affect psychological functioning? {{ME-By|P U3270518}}
# [[/Psychedelic treatment of eating disorders/]] - How might psychedelic-assisted therapy influence psychological mechanisms involved in eating eating disorders? {{ME-By|Leilab23}}
# [[/Responsiveness and interpersonal trust/]] - How does responsiveness foster trust in relationships? {{ME-By|U3282586}}
# [[/Romantic entertainment and love beliefs/]] - How does romantic entertainment influence beliefs and expectations about love and romantic relationships? {{ME-By|U3247927}}
# [[/Romantic jealousy/]] - Why does romantic jealousy occur, what are its impacts, and how can it be managed?{{ME-By|U3279062}}
# [[/Romantic rejection and emotional response/]] - What emotional responses does romantic rejection evoke and how can they be regulated? {{ME-By|U3275873}}
# [[/Secondary trauma in healthcare workers/]] - What are the emotional consequences of secondary trauma in healthcare settings? {{ME-By|U3257744}}
# [[/Seasonal affective disorder/]] - What is SAD, why does it occur, and how can it be managed? {{ME-By|Greg Philips}}
# [[/Self-blame and emotion/]] - How does self-blame influence emotional responses to negative events? {{ME-By|U3281277}}
# [[/Self-disclosure and emotional intimacy/]] - How does self-disclosure foster emotional closeness in relationships? {{ME-By|U3283302}}
# [[/Self-stigma and emotion/]] - How does self-stigma impact emotional well-being? {{ME-By|Pinkk47}}
# [[/Social connection and emotion regulation/]] - How do social relationships help regulate people's emotions? {{ME-By|U3284040}}
# [[/Socioemotional selectivity theory and wellbeing in ageing/]] - How do social and emotional experiences affect wellbeing as people age? {{ME-By|U3253354}}
# [[/Technology-based pain management/]] - How can technology-based tools alter pain perception and pain management? {{ME-By|ChelsSchofield}}
# [[/Time perception in mood disorders/]] - How do anxiety and depression alter the subjective experience of time? {{ME-By|Safiaah}}
# [[/Trust rebuilding after trauma/]] - How can trauma survivors develop trust in similar situations again? {{ME-By|U3284437}}
# [[/Volunteer wellbeing/]] - How does volunteering affect volunteers' subjective wellbeing? {{ME-By|U3216851}}

==Motivation and emotion==
# [[/Boredom and interest/]] - How do boredom and interest shape emotional and motivational states? {{ME-By|U3239431}}
# [[/Falling in love/]] - What motivational and emotional processes underlie romantic attraction and falling in love? {{ME-By|Mort006}}
# [[/Life purpose and well-being/]] - How does a sense of purpose contribute to well-being and how can it be cultivated? {{ME-By|U3286962}}
# [[/Moral emotions and ethical behaviour/]] - How do moral emotions motivate ethical and prosocial action? {{ME-By|U3263365}}
# [[/Oxytocin as a neuromodulator/]] - What are the motivational and emotional effects of oxytocin as a neuromodulator? {{ME-By|U3306498}}
# [[/Reward prediction error/]] - How does discrepancy between expected and actual rewards influence learning, emotion, and motivation? {{ME-By|Aivy.uc.cbr}}
# [[/Warm-glow giving/]] - Why does giving feel good and how does this influence prosocial behaviour? {{ME-By|Karabi Tasneem}}
# [[/Wisdom, motivation, and emotion/]] - How do motivational and emotional processes contribute to wisdom? {{ME-By|Med.011387}}

[[Category:Motivation and emotion/Book/2026]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>2833280</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-15T05:48:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Motivation */ Fix user name</comment>
      <origin>2833280</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="18532" sha1="hnutns1q3xd16psq8u8tmcao7sr94g3" xml:space="preserve">{{/Banner}}
==Motivation==
# [[/Adolescent risk-taking and reward-system development/]] - How does reward circuit maturation influence adolescent sensation-seeking and impulsive behaviours? {{ME-By|U3280843}}
# [[/Akrasia/]] - Why do people act against their better judgement? {{ME-By|U3269672}}
# [[/Artificial intelligence and academic motivation/]] - How does artificial intelligence influence students’ motivation to learn, engage, and achieve? {{ME-By|U3280097}}
# [[/Attachment styles and relatedness motivation/]] - How do attachment styles affect the need for relatedness? {{ME-By|HawaSA}}
# [[/Athletic identity loss and returning to sport after injury/]] - How does injury related disruption to athletic identity affect motivation to return to sport? {{ME-By|Tammysaurus}}
# [[/Automaticity and goal pursuit/]] - How do habits and environmental cues drive unconscious goal pursuit? {{ME-By|Revial76}}
# [[/Basal ganglia and motivation/]] - What is the role of the basal ganglia in motivated behaviour? {{ME-By|U3233213}}
# [[/Basic psychological needs and social media use/]] - How do basic psychological needs explain patterns of social media engagement? {{ME-By|GraceInMind}}
# [[/Building therapeutic alliance/]] - What psychological factors contribute to the development of a strong therapeutic alliance? {{ME-By|U3175512}}
# [[/Charismatic leadership and follower motivation/]] - How does charismatic leadership inspire follower motivation? {{ME-By|U3275984}}
# [[/Competence motivation in self-determination theory/]] - How does the need for competence function within self-determination theory to shape motivation and behaviour? {{ME-By|Zozo06}}
# [[/Consumer emotion measurement/]] - How can consumer emotion be measured? {{ME-By|Sienna33309}}
# [[/Creative inspiration and effort/]] - How do inspiration and effort interact during the creative process? {{ME-By|Vivekidid}}
# [[/Developing a growth mindset/]] - How can a growth mindset be cultivated and sustained? {{ME-By|LMM26}}
# [[/Effort regulation and cost-benefit decision-making/]] - How is effort dynamically adjusted based on changing cost-benefit analysis during goal pursuit? {{ME-By|Kelp14}}
# [[/ERG theory and motivation/]] - What is Alderfer's ERG theory and how does it explain human motivation? {{ME-By|Sarah Hagan06}}
# [[/Epistemic motivation and the need for cognitive closure/]] - How does epistemic motivation and the need for cognitive closure influence our lives? {{ME-By|Ayat Al-kabai}}
# [[/Exercise gamification motivation/]] - How can gamification affect exercise motivation and behaviour? {{ME-By|U3260591}}
# [[/Expectancy-value theory of educational motivation/|Expectancy-value theory of educational motivation]] - What is expectancy-value theory and how can it be applied to understand and enhance educational motivation? {{ME-By|StudentUC2026}}
# [[/Extended process model of emotion regulation/]] - What is the extended process model and how does it explain the regulation of emotions in different contexts? {{ME-By|TheHutt02}}
# [[/Feedback literacy/]] - What is feedback literacy, why does it matter, and how can it be developed? {{ME-By|WonderfulKitten3}}
# [[/Future orientation and criminal behaviour/]] - How does future orientation influence the risk of criminal activity? {{ME-By|U3275899}}
# [[/Game of dice task and decision-making/]] - What does the game of dice task reveal about risk-based decision-making? {{ME-By|U3216724}}
# [[/Gender and achievement motivation/]] - How does gender shape where, how, and under what conditions achievement motivation is expressed? {{ME-By|U3242837}}
# [[/Generativity/]] - What is generativity and how does it impact behaviour and life outcomes? {{ME-By|Monuc9}}
# [[/Getting started/]] - Why is task initiation difficult and how to overcome it? {{ME-By|U3286643}}
# [[/Hygiene motivation/]] - What motivates maintenance of personal hygiene? {{ME-By|U3275940}}
# [[/Hypothalamus and homeostatic motivation/]] - How do hypothalamic circuits regulate hunger, thirst, and other survival-related motivations? {{ME-By|U3297598}}
# [[/Impulsivity versus sensation-seeking/]] - What is the distinction between impulsivity and sensation-seeking and how does this affect behaviour? {{ME-By|Reillyu3280706}}
# [[/Indigenous Australian role models and motivation/]] - How do role models influence aspirations, identity development, and motivation among Indigenous Australians? {{ME-By|Jshottt}}
# [[/Interrogation and compliance/]] - What psychological processes influence resistance and compliance during interrogation? {{ME-By|U3283643}}
# [[/Lifelong learning motivation/]] - What motivates lifelong learning? {{ME-By|U3280251}}
# [[/Machiavellian motivation/]] - What is the motivational role of Machiavellianism? {{ME-By|Mim0502}}
# [[/Mesolimbic pathway and addiction motivation/]] - What role does the ventral tegmental area to nucleus accumbens pathway play in addictive behaviours? {{ME-By|U3280499}}
# [[/Mindsets and stigma/]] - What role do growth versus fixed mindsets play in prejudice and stigma? {{ME-By|U3275909}}
# [[/Motivations for using sex work services/]] - What motivates use of sex work services? {{ME-By|U3261236}}
# [[/Motivational effects of incarceration on Indigenous Australians/]] - What are the motivational effects of incarceration on Indigenous Australians?{{ME-By|U3183521}}
# [[/Need to love and be loved/]] - How does the desire to give and receive love influence motivation? {{ME-By|U3280743}}
# [[/Occupational violence, emotion, and coping/]] - What are the emotional impacts of occupational violence and how can employees cope? {{ME-By|Anne-Lyse Iran}}
# [[/Overconfidence in decision-making/]] - How does overconfidence bias affect judgement and decision-making? {{ME-By|BellaJohnson1}}
# [[/Parental motivations for homeschooling/]] - What motivates parents to homeschool their children? {{ME-By|Gracelp}}
# [[/Perfectionism and procrastination/]] - What is the role of perfectionism in procrastination and what can be done about it? {{ME-By|U3222012}}
# [[/Pleasure anticipation and dopamine/]] - How does the brain's reward system generate motivation through expected rather than experienced pleasure? {{ME-By|Ckopplemann}}
# [[/Possible selves and goal pursuit/]] - How do possible selves influence motivation and goal-directed behaviour? {{ME-By|Jack4234}}
# [[/Power motivation in leadership/]] - How does power motivation influence leadership styles and effectiveness? {{ME-By|PsychstudentUniversity!}}
# [[/Prevention versus promotion mindset/]] - What are the motivational differences between prevention and promotion mindsets? {{ME-By|Bronte.H}}
# [[/Relatedness motivation in self-determination theory/]] - How does the need for relatedness function within self-determination theory to shape motivation and behaviour? {{ME-By|U3203283}}
# [[/Retirement motivation/]] - What motivates retirement from work? {{ME-By|U3261207}}
# [[/Scarcity versus abundance mindset/]] - How do scarcity and abundance mindsets develop and what are the motivational consequences? {{ME-By|U32714291}}
# [[/Self-concept and motivation/]] - How does self-concept relate to motivation? {{ME-By|U3253363}}
# [[/Self-determination theory and dementia care/]] - How can autonomy, competence, and relatedness be supported in people living with dementia? {{ME-By|Ella Kay244}}
# [[/Self-determination theory and military veteran reintegration/]] - How do autonomy, competence, and relatedness shape psychological adjustment after military service? {{ME-By|U3246286}}
# [[/Self-determination theory and physical activity/]] - How do autonomy, competence, and relatedness predict engagement in physical activity and exercise adherence? {{ME-By|U3275908}}
# [[/Sensation-seeking and dopamine/]] - What is the neurobiological relationship between sensation-seeking and dopamine? {{ME-By|U3262868}}
# [[/Sex differences in sexual arousal patterns/]] - How do patterns of sexual arousal differ between males and females? {{ME-By|U3236349}}
# [[/Sex work motivation/]] - What motivates sex work and how does this impact worker experiences? {{ME-By|U3261376}}
# [[/Sleep deprivation, motivation, and academic performance/|Sleep deprivation, motivation, and academic performance]] - How does sleep deprivation affect motivation, attention, and academic performance in university students? {{ME-By|RileyRuckus}}
# [[/Social dominance and power motivation/]] - What is the relationship between social dominance and power motivation? {{ME-By|U3284302}}
# [[/Subcortical structures and motivational drive/]] - How do subcortical brain regions generate basic motivational impulses and energy? {{ME-By|U3281503}}
# [[/Sun exposure and protection motivation/]] - What motivates sun exposure and protection behaviours? {{ME-By|U3188047}}
# [[/Surrender motivation/]] - What is the motivational state of surrender and what are its impacts? {{ME-By|Chloebateup}}
# [[/Types of impulsivity/]] - What are the different types of impulsivity and how do they affect motivation? {{ME-By|Ella234567}}
# [[/Value congruence and motivation/]] - How does alignment between personal and situational values influence motivation? {{ME-By|U3275775}}
# [[/Volunteer counsellor motivation/]] - What motivates people to become and remain volunteer counsellors? {{ME-By|J.M.A Watson}}
# [[/Youth environmental activism motivation/]] - What motivates young people to engage in environmental activism? {{ME-By|SJPiper}}

==Emotion==
# [[/Active versus passive social media use/]] - How do different patterns of social media engagement influence emotions and psychological wellbeing? {{ME-By|U3282656}}
# [[/Adaptive versus maladaptive self-reflection/]] - When does self-reflection promote wellbeing and when does it contribute to psychological distress? {{ME-By|U3211150}}
# [[/Affect heuristic/]] - What is the affect heuristic and how does it influence decision making? {{ME-By|Charlie.henderson1}}
# [[/Alcohol use for emotion regulation/]] - Why and how do people use alcohol to regulate their emotions? {{ME-By|JessJ117}}
# [[/Apocalyptic fear/]] - What is apocalyptic fear, what are its consequences, and how can it be dealt with? {{ME-By|LazPulch}}
# [[/Awe and the diminished self/]] - How does awe diminish the self and how can this be applied? {{ME-By|Amirrorslens}}
# [[/Awe and nature/]] - What is the relationship between awe and nature? {{ME-By|U3269915}}
# [[/Body neutrality and emotional well-being/]] - How does a body-neutral perspective affect emotional well-being? {{ME-By|Amyuniversity}}
# [[/Breathing exercises and relaxation/]] - How can breathing exercises promote relaxation? {{ME-By|E3297976}}
# [[/Cancer screening and emotion/]] - How do emotions such as fear, anxiety, and relief influence cancer screening uptake? {{ME-By|U3280825}}
# [[/Cognitive hardiness and stress resilience/]] - How does cognitive hardiness promote resilience to stress and adversity? {{ME-By|U3068253}}
# [[/Cognitive versus affective empathy/]] - What are the differences between cognitive and affective empathy and how do they contribute to prosociality? {{ME-By|U3280159}}
# [[/Dark empathy/]] - What is dark empathy, what are its consequences, and what can be done to address it? {{ME-By|U3228742}}
# [[/Dreams and emotional problem-solving/]] - How do REM dreams contribute to emotional processing and adaptive coping? {{ME-By|U3270398}}
# [[/Eco-emotions/]] - What are eco-emotions, how do they influence behaviour, and how can they be managed? {{ME-By|U3243776 - Kels}}
# [[/Emotional effects of incarceration on Indigenous Australians/]] - What are the emotional effects of incarcertation on Indigenous Australians? {{ME-By|Lilfish215}}
# [[/Emotional expressivity/]] - What is emotional expressivity, why does it matter, and how can it be developed? {{ME-By|U3283812}}
# [[/Emotional flooding in relationships/]] - Why does emotional flooding occur, how does it affect relationships, and what can be done about it? {{ME-By|Tofu05}}
# [[/Emotional intelligence and emotional wellbeing/]] - How does emotional intelligence affect emotional wellbeing? {{ME-By|U3239236}}
# [[/Emotion dysregulation/]] - What is emotion dysregulation, what are its consequences, and how can it be managed? {{ME-By|U3285438}}
# [[/Emotion regulation through exercise/]] - How do people use exercise to regulate their emotional states? {{ME-By|KB3250298}}
# [[/Empathy and jury decision-making/]] - How does empathy toward defendants and victims influence jurors' reasoning and verdict decisions? {{ME-By|U3254168}}
# [[/Empathy fatigue and emotional exhaustion/]] - How does sustained empathic engagement contribute to emotional exhaustion? {{ME-By|U3143751}}
# [[/Enjoyment and learning/]] - How does enjoyment influence learning? {{ME-By|Diaz Chas}}
# [[/Envy in the workplace/]] - What role does envy play in workplace behaviour? {{ME-By|Flickstar888}}
# [[/Excitement as an emotion/]] - What is the emotion of excitement and how does it influence behaviour and wellbeing? {{ME-By|U3292769}}
# [[/Fear extinction/]] - What psychological and neural processes underlie the extinction of fear responses? {{ME-By|ChillPsychGuy0607}}
# [[/Growth mindset and psychological wellbeing/]] - How does a growth mindset influence psychological wellbeing? {{ME-By|Avj.06}}
# [[/Immersive therapy for PTSD treatment/]] - How does it work and what are the effects? {{ME-By|StretchBeyond}}
# [[/Interpersonal psychotherapy and emotion/]] - How does interpersonal psychotherapy improve emotional wellbeing through changes in relationships? {{ME-By|U3280122}}
# [[/Introjection and guilt-based motivation/]] - What role do shame and guilt play in introjected forms of behavioural regulation? {{ME-By|U3330981}}
# [[/Irritability/]] - What is irritability, what causes it, what are its consequences, and how can it be managed? {{ME-By|U3275992}}
# [[/Love styles and relationships/]] - How do love styles influence relationship satisfaction and stability? {{ME-By|U3246588}}
# [[/Melatonin and seasonal mood/]] - What role does melatonin play in seasonal mood changes? {{ME-By|U3224236}}
# [[/Mental health first aid and helping behaviour/]] - What motivates people to recognise, approach, and support someone with a mental health problem? {{ME-By|Katelyn Rod}}
# [[/Mood and cognitive performance/]] - How do different mood states impact attention, memory, and problem solving? {{ME-By|U3283879}}
# [[/Moodiness/]] - What is moodiness, why does it occur, and how can it be managed? {{ME-By|U3239251}}
# [[/Moral disgust and jury decision-making/]] - How does moral disgust influence jurors' judgments of guilt, blame, and punishment? {{ME-By|Yellowvines}}
# [[/Neurobiology of love/]] - What neural systems and biochemical processes underlie love? {{ME-By|Honeybelle11}}
# [[/Outdoor play and children's emotional well-being/]] - How does outdoor play influence children's emotional well-being? {{ME-By|Mymunu}}
# [[/Phubbing and emotion/]] - What are the emotional causes and consequences of phubbing? {{ME-By|U3243961}}
# [[/Positive emotion dysregulation/]] - What is positive emotion dysregulation and how does it affect psychological functioning? {{ME-By|P U3270518}}
# [[/Psychedelic treatment of eating disorders/]] - How might psychedelic-assisted therapy influence psychological mechanisms involved in eating eating disorders? {{ME-By|Leilab23}}
# [[/Responsiveness and interpersonal trust/]] - How does responsiveness foster trust in relationships? {{ME-By|U3282586}}
# [[/Romantic entertainment and love beliefs/]] - How does romantic entertainment influence beliefs and expectations about love and romantic relationships? {{ME-By|U3247927}}
# [[/Romantic jealousy/]] - Why does romantic jealousy occur, what are its impacts, and how can it be managed?{{ME-By|U3279062}}
# [[/Romantic rejection and emotional response/]] - What emotional responses does romantic rejection evoke and how can they be regulated? {{ME-By|U3275873}}
# [[/Secondary trauma in healthcare workers/]] - What are the emotional consequences of secondary trauma in healthcare settings? {{ME-By|U3257744}}
# [[/Seasonal affective disorder/]] - What is SAD, why does it occur, and how can it be managed? {{ME-By|Greg Philips}}
# [[/Self-blame and emotion/]] - How does self-blame influence emotional responses to negative events? {{ME-By|U3281277}}
# [[/Self-disclosure and emotional intimacy/]] - How does self-disclosure foster emotional closeness in relationships? {{ME-By|U3283302}}
# [[/Self-stigma and emotion/]] - How does self-stigma impact emotional well-being? {{ME-By|Pinkk47}}
# [[/Social connection and emotion regulation/]] - How do social relationships help regulate people's emotions? {{ME-By|U3284040}}
# [[/Socioemotional selectivity theory and wellbeing in ageing/]] - How do social and emotional experiences affect wellbeing as people age? {{ME-By|U3253354}}
# [[/Technology-based pain management/]] - How can technology-based tools alter pain perception and pain management? {{ME-By|ChelsSchofield}}
# [[/Time perception in mood disorders/]] - How do anxiety and depression alter the subjective experience of time? {{ME-By|Safiaah}}
# [[/Trust rebuilding after trauma/]] - How can trauma survivors develop trust in similar situations again? {{ME-By|U3284437}}
# [[/Volunteer wellbeing/]] - How does volunteering affect volunteers' subjective wellbeing? {{ME-By|U3216851}}

==Motivation and emotion==
# [[/Boredom and interest/]] - How do boredom and interest shape emotional and motivational states? {{ME-By|U3239431}}
# [[/Falling in love/]] - What motivational and emotional processes underlie romantic attraction and falling in love? {{ME-By|Mort006}}
# [[/Life purpose and well-being/]] - How does a sense of purpose contribute to well-being and how can it be cultivated? {{ME-By|U3286962}}
# [[/Moral emotions and ethical behaviour/]] - How do moral emotions motivate ethical and prosocial action? {{ME-By|U3263365}}
# [[/Oxytocin as a neuromodulator/]] - What are the motivational and emotional effects of oxytocin as a neuromodulator? {{ME-By|U3306498}}
# [[/Reward prediction error/]] - How does discrepancy between expected and actual rewards influence learning, emotion, and motivation? {{ME-By|Aivy.uc.cbr}}
# [[/Warm-glow giving/]] - Why does giving feel good and how does this influence prosocial behaviour? {{ME-By|Karabi Tasneem}}
# [[/Wisdom, motivation, and emotion/]] - How do motivational and emotional processes contribute to wisdom? {{ME-By|Med.011387}}

[[Category:Motivation and emotion/Book/2026]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>2833298</id>
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        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
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      <comment>Fix user name</comment>
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==Motivation==
# [[/Adolescent risk-taking and reward-system development/]] - How does reward circuit maturation influence adolescent sensation-seeking and impulsive behaviours? {{ME-By|U3280843}}
# [[/Akrasia/]] - Why do people act against their better judgement? {{ME-By|U3269672}}
# [[/Artificial intelligence and academic motivation/]] - How does artificial intelligence influence students’ motivation to learn, engage, and achieve? {{ME-By|U3280097}}
# [[/Attachment styles and relatedness motivation/]] - How do attachment styles affect the need for relatedness? {{ME-By|HawaSA}}
# [[/Athletic identity loss and returning to sport after injury/]] - How does injury related disruption to athletic identity affect motivation to return to sport? {{ME-By|Tammysaurus}}
# [[/Automaticity and goal pursuit/]] - How do habits and environmental cues drive unconscious goal pursuit? {{ME-By|Revial76}}
# [[/Basal ganglia and motivation/]] - What is the role of the basal ganglia in motivated behaviour? {{ME-By|U3233213}}
# [[/Basic psychological needs and social media use/]] - How do basic psychological needs explain patterns of social media engagement? {{ME-By|GraceInMind}}
# [[/Building therapeutic alliance/]] - What psychological factors contribute to the development of a strong therapeutic alliance? {{ME-By|U3175512}}
# [[/Charismatic leadership and follower motivation/]] - How does charismatic leadership inspire follower motivation? {{ME-By|U3275984}}
# [[/Competence motivation in self-determination theory/]] - How does the need for competence function within self-determination theory to shape motivation and behaviour? {{ME-By|Zozo06}}
# [[/Consumer emotion measurement/]] - How can consumer emotion be measured? {{ME-By|Sienna33309}}
# [[/Creative inspiration and effort/]] - How do inspiration and effort interact during the creative process? {{ME-By|Vivekidid}}
# [[/Developing a growth mindset/]] - How can a growth mindset be cultivated and sustained? {{ME-By|LMM26}}
# [[/Effort regulation and cost-benefit decision-making/]] - How is effort dynamically adjusted based on changing cost-benefit analysis during goal pursuit? {{ME-By|Kelp14}}
# [[/ERG theory and motivation/]] - What is Alderfer's ERG theory and how does it explain human motivation? {{ME-By|Sarah Hagan06}}
# [[/Epistemic motivation and the need for cognitive closure/]] - How does epistemic motivation and the need for cognitive closure influence our lives? {{ME-By|Ayat Al-kabai}}
# [[/Exercise gamification motivation/]] - How can gamification affect exercise motivation and behaviour? {{ME-By|U3260591}}
# [[/Expectancy-value theory of educational motivation/|Expectancy-value theory of educational motivation]] - What is expectancy-value theory and how can it be applied to understand and enhance educational motivation? {{ME-By|StudentUC2026}}
# [[/Extended process model of emotion regulation/]] - What is the extended process model and how does it explain the regulation of emotions in different contexts? {{ME-By|TheHutt02}}
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# [[/Lifelong learning motivation/]] - What motivates lifelong learning? {{ME-By|U3280251}}
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# [[/Mesolimbic pathway and addiction motivation/]] - What role does the ventral tegmental area to nucleus accumbens pathway play in addictive behaviours? {{ME-By|U3280499}}
# [[/Mindsets and stigma/]] - What role do growth versus fixed mindsets play in prejudice and stigma? {{ME-By|U3275909}}
# [[/Motivations for using sex work services/]] - What motivates use of sex work services? {{ME-By|U3261236}}
# [[/Motivational effects of incarceration on Indigenous Australians/]] - What are the motivational effects of incarceration on Indigenous Australians?{{ME-By|U3183521}}
# [[/Need to love and be loved/]] - How does the desire to give and receive love influence motivation? {{ME-By|U3280743}}
# [[/Occupational violence, emotion, and coping/]] - What are the emotional impacts of occupational violence and how can employees cope? {{ME-By|Anne-Lyse Iran}}
# [[/Overconfidence in decision-making/]] - How does overconfidence bias affect judgement and decision-making? {{ME-By|BellaJohnson1}}
# [[/Parental motivations for homeschooling/]] - What motivates parents to homeschool their children? {{ME-By|Gracelp}}
# [[/Perfectionism and procrastination/]] - What is the role of perfectionism in procrastination and what can be done about it? {{ME-By|U3222012}}
# [[/Pleasure anticipation and dopamine/]] - How does the brain's reward system generate motivation through expected rather than experienced pleasure? {{ME-By|Ckopplemann}}
# [[/Possible selves and goal pursuit/]] - How do possible selves influence motivation and goal-directed behaviour? {{ME-By|Jack4234}}
# [[/Power motivation in leadership/]] - How does power motivation influence leadership styles and effectiveness? {{ME-By|PsychstudentUniversity!}}
# [[/Prevention versus promotion mindset/]] - What are the motivational differences between prevention and promotion mindsets? {{ME-By|Bronte.H}}
# [[/Relatedness motivation in self-determination theory/]] - How does the need for relatedness function within self-determination theory to shape motivation and behaviour? {{ME-By|U3203283}}
# [[/Retirement motivation/]] - What motivates retirement from work? {{ME-By|U3261207}}
# [[/Scarcity versus abundance mindset/]] - How do scarcity and abundance mindsets develop and what are the motivational consequences? {{ME-By|U32714291}}
# [[/Self-concept and motivation/]] - How does self-concept relate to motivation? {{ME-By|U3253363}}
# [[/Self-determination theory and dementia care/]] - How can autonomy, competence, and relatedness be supported in people living with dementia? {{ME-By|Ella Kay244}}
# [[/Self-determination theory and military veteran reintegration/]] - How do autonomy, competence, and relatedness shape psychological adjustment after military service? {{ME-By|U3246286}}
# [[/Self-determination theory and physical activity/]] - How do autonomy, competence, and relatedness predict engagement in physical activity and exercise adherence? {{ME-By|U3275908}}
# [[/Sensation-seeking and dopamine/]] - What is the neurobiological relationship between sensation-seeking and dopamine? {{ME-By|U3262868}}
# [[/Sex differences in sexual arousal patterns/]] - How do patterns of sexual arousal differ between males and females? {{ME-By|U3236349}}
# [[/Sex work motivation/]] - What motivates sex work and how does this impact worker experiences? {{ME-By|U3261376}}
# [[/Sleep deprivation, motivation, and academic performance/|Sleep deprivation, motivation, and academic performance]] - How does sleep deprivation affect motivation, attention, and academic performance in university students? {{ME-By|RileyRuckus}}
# [[/Social dominance and power motivation/]] - What is the relationship between social dominance and power motivation? {{ME-By|U3284302}}
# [[/Subcortical structures and motivational drive/]] - How do subcortical brain regions generate basic motivational impulses and energy? {{ME-By|U3281503}}
# [[/Sun exposure and protection motivation/]] - What motivates sun exposure and protection behaviours? {{ME-By|U3188047}}
# [[/Surrender motivation/]] - What is the motivational state of surrender and what are its impacts? {{ME-By|Chloebateup}}
# [[/Types of impulsivity/]] - What are the different types of impulsivity and how do they affect motivation? {{ME-By|Ella234567}}
# [[/Value congruence and motivation/]] - How does alignment between personal and situational values influence motivation? {{ME-By|U3275775}}
# [[/Volunteer counsellor motivation/]] - What motivates people to become and remain volunteer counsellors? {{ME-By|J.M.A Watson}}
# [[/Youth environmental activism motivation/]] - What motivates young people to engage in environmental activism? {{ME-By|SJPiper}}

==Emotion==
# [[/Active versus passive social media use/]] - How do different patterns of social media engagement influence emotions and psychological wellbeing? {{ME-By|U3282656}}
# [[/Adaptive versus maladaptive self-reflection/]] - When does self-reflection promote wellbeing and when does it contribute to psychological distress? {{ME-By|U3211150}}
# [[/Affect heuristic/]] - What is the affect heuristic and how does it influence decision making? {{ME-By|Charlie.henderson1}}
# [[/Alcohol use for emotion regulation/]] - Why and how do people use alcohol to regulate their emotions? {{ME-By|JessJ117}}
# [[/Apocalyptic fear/]] - What is apocalyptic fear, what are its consequences, and how can it be dealt with? {{ME-By|LazPulch}}
# [[/Awe and the diminished self/]] - How does awe diminish the self and how can this be applied? {{ME-By|Amirrorslens}}
# [[/Awe and nature/]] - What is the relationship between awe and nature? {{ME-By|U3269915}}
# [[/Body neutrality and emotional well-being/]] - How does a body-neutral perspective affect emotional well-being? {{ME-By|Amyuniversity}}
# [[/Breathing exercises and relaxation/]] - How can breathing exercises promote relaxation? {{ME-By|E3297976}}
# [[/Cancer screening and emotion/]] - How do emotions such as fear, anxiety, and relief influence cancer screening uptake? {{ME-By|U3280825}}
# [[/Cognitive hardiness and stress resilience/]] - How does cognitive hardiness promote resilience to stress and adversity? {{ME-By|U3068253}}
# [[/Cognitive versus affective empathy/]] - What are the differences between cognitive and affective empathy and how do they contribute to prosociality? {{ME-By|U3280159}}
# [[/Dark empathy/]] - What is dark empathy, what are its consequences, and what can be done to address it? {{ME-By|U3228742}}
# [[/Dreams and emotional problem-solving/]] - How do REM dreams contribute to emotional processing and adaptive coping? {{ME-By|U3270398}}
# [[/Eco-emotions/]] - What are eco-emotions, how do they influence behaviour, and how can they be managed? {{ME-By|U3243776 - Kels}}
# [[/Emotional effects of incarceration on Indigenous Australians/]] - What are the emotional effects of incarcertation on Indigenous Australians? {{ME-By|Lilfish215}}
# [[/Emotional expressivity/]] - What is emotional expressivity, why does it matter, and how can it be developed? {{ME-By|U3283812}}
# [[/Emotional flooding in relationships/]] - Why does emotional flooding occur, how does it affect relationships, and what can be done about it? {{ME-By|Tofu05}}
# [[/Emotional intelligence and emotional wellbeing/]] - How does emotional intelligence affect emotional wellbeing? {{ME-By|U3239236}}
# [[/Emotion dysregulation/]] - What is emotion dysregulation, what are its consequences, and how can it be managed? {{ME-By|U3285438}}
# [[/Emotion regulation through exercise/]] - How do people use exercise to regulate their emotional states? {{ME-By|KB3250298}}
# [[/Empathy and jury decision-making/]] - How does empathy toward defendants and victims influence jurors' reasoning and verdict decisions? {{ME-By|U3254168}}
# [[/Empathy fatigue and emotional exhaustion/]] - How does sustained empathic engagement contribute to emotional exhaustion? {{ME-By|U3143751}}
# [[/Enjoyment and learning/]] - How does enjoyment influence learning? {{ME-By|Diaz Chas}}
# [[/Envy in the workplace/]] - What role does envy play in workplace behaviour? {{ME-By|Flickstar888}}
# [[/Excitement as an emotion/]] - What is the emotion of excitement and how does it influence behaviour and wellbeing? {{ME-By|U3292769}}
# [[/Fear extinction/]] - What psychological and neural processes underlie the extinction of fear responses? {{ME-By|ChillPsychGuy0607}}
# [[/Growth mindset and psychological wellbeing/]] - How does a growth mindset influence psychological wellbeing? {{ME-By|Avj.06}}
# [[/Immersive therapy for PTSD treatment/]] - How does it work and what are the effects? {{ME-By|StretchBeyond}}
# [[/Interpersonal psychotherapy and emotion/]] - How does interpersonal psychotherapy improve emotional wellbeing through changes in relationships? {{ME-By|U3280122}}
# [[/Introjection and guilt-based motivation/]] - What role do shame and guilt play in introjected forms of behavioural regulation? {{ME-By|U3330981}}
# [[/Irritability/]] - What is irritability, what causes it, what are its consequences, and how can it be managed? {{ME-By|U3275992}}
# [[/Love styles and relationships/]] - How do love styles influence relationship satisfaction and stability? {{ME-By|U3246588}}
# [[/Melatonin and seasonal mood/]] - What role does melatonin play in seasonal mood changes? {{ME-By|U3224236}}
# [[/Mental health first aid and helping behaviour/]] - What motivates people to recognise, approach, and support someone with a mental health problem? {{ME-By|Katelyn Rod}}
# [[/Mood and cognitive performance/]] - How do different mood states impact attention, memory, and problem solving? {{ME-By|U3283879}}
# [[/Moodiness/]] - What is moodiness, why does it occur, and how can it be managed? {{ME-By|U3239251}}
# [[/Moral disgust and jury decision-making/]] - How does moral disgust influence jurors' judgments of guilt, blame, and punishment? {{ME-By|Yellowvines}}
# [[/Neurobiology of love/]] - What neural systems and biochemical processes underlie love? {{ME-By|Honeybelle11}}
# [[/Outdoor play and children's emotional well-being/]] - How does outdoor play influence children's emotional well-being? {{ME-By|Mymunu}}
# [[/Phubbing and emotion/]] - What are the emotional causes and consequences of phubbing? {{ME-By|U3243961}}
# [[/Positive emotion dysregulation/]] - What is positive emotion dysregulation and how does it affect psychological functioning? {{ME-By|P U3270518}}
# [[/Psychedelic treatment of eating disorders/]] - How might psychedelic-assisted therapy influence psychological mechanisms involved in eating eating disorders? {{ME-By|Leilab23}}
# [[/Responsiveness and interpersonal trust/]] - How does responsiveness foster trust in relationships? {{ME-By|U3282586}}
# [[/Romantic entertainment and love beliefs/]] - How does romantic entertainment influence beliefs and expectations about love and romantic relationships? {{ME-By|U3247927}}
# [[/Romantic jealousy/]] - Why does romantic jealousy occur, what are its impacts, and how can it be managed?{{ME-By|U3279062}}
# [[/Romantic rejection and emotional response/]] - What emotional responses does romantic rejection evoke and how can they be regulated? {{ME-By|U3275873}}
# [[/Secondary trauma in healthcare workers/]] - What are the emotional consequences of secondary trauma in healthcare settings? {{ME-By|U3257744}}
# [[/Seasonal affective disorder/]] - What is SAD, why does it occur, and how can it be managed? {{ME-By|Greg Philips}}
# [[/Self-blame and emotion/]] - How does self-blame influence emotional responses to negative events? {{ME-By|U3281277}}
# [[/Self-disclosure and emotional intimacy/]] - How does self-disclosure foster emotional closeness in relationships? {{ME-By|U3283302}}
# [[/Self-stigma and emotion/]] - How does self-stigma impact emotional well-being? {{ME-By|Pinkk47}}
# [[/Social connection and emotion regulation/]] - How do social relationships help regulate people's emotions? {{ME-By|U3284040}}
# [[/Socioemotional selectivity theory and wellbeing in ageing/]] - How do social and emotional experiences affect wellbeing as people age? {{ME-By|U3253354}}
# [[/Technology-based pain management/]] - How can technology-based tools alter pain perception and pain management? {{ME-By|ChelsSchofield}}
# [[/Time perception in mood disorders/]] - How do anxiety and depression alter the subjective experience of time? {{ME-By|Safiaah}}
# [[/Trust rebuilding after trauma/]] - How can trauma survivors develop trust in similar situations again? {{ME-By|U3284437}}
# [[/Volunteer wellbeing/]] - How does volunteering affect volunteers' subjective wellbeing? {{ME-By|U3216851}}

==Motivation and emotion==
# [[/Boredom and interest/]] - How do boredom and interest shape emotional and motivational states? {{ME-By|U3239431}}
# [[/Falling in love/]] - What motivational and emotional processes underlie romantic attraction and falling in love? {{ME-By|Mort006}}
# [[/Life purpose and well-being/]] - How does a sense of purpose contribute to well-being and how can it be cultivated? {{ME-By|U3286962}}
# [[/Moral emotions and ethical behaviour/]] - How do moral emotions motivate ethical and prosocial action? {{ME-By|U3263365}}
# [[/Oxytocin as a neuromodulator/]] - What are the motivational and emotional effects of oxytocin as a neuromodulator? {{ME-By|U3306498}}
# [[/Reward prediction error/]] - How does discrepancy between expected and actual rewards influence learning, emotion, and motivation? {{ME-By|Aivy.uc.cbr}}
# [[/Warm-glow giving/]] - Why does giving feel good and how does this influence prosocial behaviour? {{ME-By|Karabi Tasneem}}
# [[/Wisdom, motivation, and emotion/]] - How do motivational and emotional processes contribute to wisdom? {{ME-By|Med.011387}}

[[Category:Motivation and emotion/Book/2026]]</text>
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      <text bytes="37745" sha1="2qmxcvlipzqet5nl1yfxamc6vsmmp5c" xml:space="preserve">{{title|Dreams and emotional problem-solving:&lt;br&gt;How do REM dreams contribute to emotional processing and adaptive coping?}}
__TOC__

==Overview==
{{RoundBoxTop|theme=11}}
'''Case study: part 1 ''' [[File:Dreaming Woman.jpg|right|thumb|200px|'''Figure 1'''. A recurring dream after a loss keeps its emotional charge overnight, which is exactly what emotional processing during sleep is supposed to reduce.]]

Natalie hasn't slept well in weeks. It's not like she's waking up screaming from a nightmare or anything that dramatic. But the same dream keeps coming back: she has been left behind somewhere, calling out to someone who doesn't turn around. Her friends say it's just stress from the breakup. By lunchtime she can barely remember the details, but the feeling hangs around all day. She's isn't short on sleep, so why does she keep waking up feeling like she's already lost something? Is the dream working through her breakup, or just replaying it? {{ic|Consider highlighting how the dream facilitates emotional processing and/or coping}}
{{RoundBoxBottom}}

* A [[w:Dream|dream]] is a conscious experience during sleep that can be recalled on waking, and dreams reported after [[w:Rapid eye movement sleep|rapid eye movement (REM) sleep]] tend to be the most vivid and the most emotional (Scarpelli et al., 2022).
* Two processes are involved here, and it helps to keep them apart. Emotional processing happens overnight, when an emotional memory loses some of its intensity. [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Coping and emotion|Coping]] happens while a person is awake, through the strategies a person uses to manage stress (Folkman &amp; Moskowitz, 2004). The subtitle asks whether the first supports the second.
* Sleep is widely described as overnight therapy: it holds onto the emotional memory but strips some of its sting by morning (Walker &amp; van der Helm, 2009).
* Very few researchers dispute that sleep does something, what they dispute is the role of the dream. Either the dream is where the emotional work happens, or it is a window into work that sleep would be doing anyway (Scarpelli, 2026).
* Why does settling this matter? Because recurring distressing dreams like Natalie's (see Figure 1) are common, they appear across psychiatric disorders involving [[w:Emotional dysregulation|emotion dysregulation]], and they can be treated (Casement &amp; Swanson, 2012; Mendoza Alvarez et al., 2024).

{{RoundBoxTop|theme=15}}
'''Focus questions'''

* Does emotional processing during sleep depend on dreaming? {{ic|Use open-ended focus questions}}
* What might a dream be doing with emotion?
* What does dream emotion predict for waking coping? 
* How can dreams be targeted to improve coping?  

{{RoundBoxBottom}}

==Dreaming and emotional processing during sleep ==

'''''Focus question:''' Does emotional processing during sleep depend on dreaming?''  
* Natalie's dream keeps coming back with its emotional charge intact, which is what REM sleep is supposed to prevent. Explaining why means separating two things that are easily confused: what REM sleep does to an emotional memory, and what the dream does. Most evidence addresses REM sleep, so this section covers that briefly and then asks what is known about dreaming itself. 

===What sleep does ===

* The leading model is Walker and van der Helm's (2009) &quot;sleep to forget, sleep to remember&quot; {{ic|APA style requires page numbers for direct quotes}}. During REM sleep, the brain replays [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2013/Memory and emotion|emotional memories]] while [[w:Norepinephrine|noradrenaline]] (the chemical behind the body's stress response) is switched off, so the memory is kept but the alarm attached to it fades. Note what this predicts: physical arousal should fall while the memory stays intact, so the proper test is reactivity rather than whether the memory feels less bad. 
* Supporting evidence: 34 adults rated the same emotional images 12 hours apart. Reactivity fell across a night and rose across a day, and the largest drop was in those whose noradrenaline was lowest during REM (van der Helm et al., 2011).
* Two stronger tests disagree and they use different methods, which makes it harder to miss. A meta-analysis of 24 studies found negative images rated as more arousing after sleep (Lipinska et al., 2022), and an experiment found participants with the least REM sleep showed the greatest overnight drop in arousal (Lara-Carrasco et al., 2009).
* So sleep preserves emotional memories more reliably than it soothes them (Lipinska et al., 2019), and the model has not yet been properly tested, because removing REM disturbs every over sleep stage as well (Pesonen et al., 2024). 

===What dreaming adds ===

* Dreaming is not simply the conscious experience of REM sleep. Across 111 published cases, forebrain damage stopped dreaming while REM sleep continued normally (Solms, 2000), and dreaming survives drugs that suppress REM (Scarpelli et al., 2026). 
* Because dreaming occurs outside REM sleep, evidence about REM sleep cannot be read as evidence about REM dreams, so dreaming has to be measured directly (Solms, 2000). 
* Measuring dreams is difficult: across 552 home dreams, dreamers rated their own as mostly positive while judges rated the same dreams as mostly negative (Sikka et al., 2017). So studies using different rating sources may not be comparable. 
* Very few studies measure both REM and dreaming in the same people. In one, participants whose dreams were less negative showed the greatest overnight improvement in their ratings of emotional images (Lara-Carrasco et al., 2009). In another, the overnight drop in reactivity appeared only in participants who recalled a dream (Zhang et al., 2024). 
* No study can assign anyone to dream, so the direction is unresolved. Someone already coping well might both dream less negatively and adapt better overnight, with the dream contributing nothing, and mood and REM sleep appear to influence each other in both directions (Peltz et al., 2026). 
* Recall creates a further problem. Whether a dream is remembered depends on the state the sleeper wakes from (Scarpelli et al., 2022), and non-recallers may have dreamed and forgotten, which makes the claim difficult to disprove. 
* Whether dreams regulate emotion, mirror waking concerns, or do both remains an open question (Scarpelli, 2026). Answering it requires manipulating dream content rather than recording it (Haar Horowitz et al., 2020), which is discussed further in the final section. 

==Theories of emotional dream function==
'''''Focus question: '''What might a dream be doing with emotion?''  

*Each theory below can be separated in two ways: the first is the general shape of the dream, as the theories disagree about what a useful dream should look like on the inside, and the second is the next morning, because a dream that did emotional work overnight should leave a trace in waking life.
*Three of the four theories below claim the dream does something while one claims it does not, and that is the position the other three have to beat. Two of the three also predict the same next morning, so four theories make three testable predictions (see Table 1). This matters later, because one result about next-day mood can point towards two theories at once. 
*[[w:Nightmare|Nightmares]] are clearest way to test each theory, because the same dream counts as either the system working for one and failing for another.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ '''Table 1'''&lt;br /&gt; ''Competing theoretical accounts of the emotional function of dreaming and their predictions''
|-
! Theory !! What the dream does to the feeling !! Next-day mood after a distressing dream !! What a nightmare is 
|-
| '''Continuity''' || Nothing, it expresses the feeling || Unchanged, the dream mirrors mood without moving it || A marker of distress, and nothing more 
|-
| '''Threat simulation''' || Practises with it || No better or possibly worse, the payoff is preparedness || The system working as designed
|-
| '''Fear extinction''' || Rebuilds around it || Better if extinction succeeds, unchanged or worse if it fails, which makes the prediction hard to falsify || The replay failing to build a safe version 
|-
| '''Mood regulation''' || Drains it || Better: less negative mood, weaker reactivity, easier regulation || Regulation failing to complete 
|-
|}

=== Continuity ===

* Dreams express a person's ongoing concerns and leave them exactly as they found them, so the dream is meaningful but it is simply not doing anything (Domhoff, 2017). 
* This is the baseline the other theories have to beat, because showing that a dream is meaningful does not automatically prove that it has a function (Domhoff, 2019).
* Continuity is often misread as the idea that dreams replay yesterday. Domhoff (2017) argues the opposite: across three studies, independent judges could not match dream reports to the events or concerns participants had reported before sleep, so the dream tracks the person's current preoccupations rather than their day. Schredl (2017) replies that this reading is selective, and that day-to-day material appears in dreams more often than Domhoff allows. 
* The theory makes its own prediction: dream emotion should rise and fall with waking distress without ever predicting improvement in it. For Natalie, that means that the dream keeps returning and her mood keeps tracking it, with the dream itself contributing nothing either way. 

===Threat simulation ===

* The second theory says the dream is rehearsal. Dreaming builds simulations of threatening situations so that the skills of noticing and escaping danger get practiced in a safe way, so what it produces is preparedness. A nightmare is the system doing its job well (Revonsuo, 2000).
* If that is right, dream threats should look like real ones and dreamers should often get away. They do neither: in a large sample of recurrent dreams, 34% contained no threat at all, fewer than 15% contained a threat that was realistic, and fewer than 20% ended in successful escape (Zadra et al., 2006). Realism matters here because the theory itself requires dream threats to resemble the dangers people actually face. 
* The supporting evidence is real but indirect. Revonsuo (2000) relies on the finding that negative emotion dominates dreams and that aggression is the most common social interaction. But dreamers tend to rate their own dreams as mostly positive while judges rate the same dreams as mostly negative, so the result depends on who is asked (Sikka et al., 2017). There is also a gap at the end of the process as the theory requires implicit learning during sleep to transfer to waking behaviour, which has not been demonstrated (Domhoff, 2019).
* For Natalie, It predicts a dream that leaves her better prepared for abandonment without leaving her any calmer, which is a poor fit for coping.

===Fear extinction ===

* The third theory says that the dream takes a frightening memory and replays it somewhere safe. This does not erase the fear: [[w:Extinction (psychology)|extinction]] builds a competing memory alongside it, which is why the fear returns if the safe memory is not maintained. A nightmare is the process failing: the replay stays frightening and no safe version gets built (Nielsen &amp; Levin, 2007).
* This model has a clinical test case to point to, since disrupted REM sleep and impaired extinction memory have been proposed to maintain [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2024/Post-traumatic stress disorder and emotion|post-traumatic stress disorder]] (Pace-Schott et al., 2015).
* It also has some direct support: cathartic dreams, which move from danger to relief, were less common in patients with nightmare disorder than in healthy sleepers, and were the only kind of dream whose increase tracked falling depression scores during therapy (Perogamvros et al., 2025). The samples were small, so this points in the right direction without settling anything. 
* Its weakness is logical: a good dream and a nightmare are attributed to the same process, with success and failure identified afterwards by the very result they were meant to explain. As stated, no next-morning finding can count against the theory. It also has nothing to say about the roughly one third of dreams that are positive (Weiss, 2007). The theory only becomes testable once a successful dream can be recognised from its content in advance, which is what the cathartic dreams category is trying to do. 
* On this account Natalie's dream is a replay that never reaches safety. 

===Mood regulation ===

* Dream emotion is proposed to shift from negative toward positive across the night, so the memory arrives in the morning with less charge attached (Cartwright et al., 1998). This is the account closest to the everyday idea that dreams work through problems, and it makes the clearest predictions: after a negative dream, mood should be less negative, reactivity to negative material should be weaker, and emotion regulation should be easier (Sikka et al., 2022). 
* The overnight shift has been tested directly and did not appear. Waking people repeatedly throughout the night, Palmieri et al. (2025) found that emotional intensity in dreams increased as the night went on, and the increase was not driven by REM awakenings. The sample was small, but this does test the core claim instead of using a stand in for it. 
* Two findings do support the theory, and both are correlational. Dreamers who rated their dreams more positively than an independent judge reported better morning mood (Barbeau et al., 2022), and people who reported more fear in dreams showed weaker fear-related brain responses while awake (Sterpenich et al., 2020). Neither design can show which way the arrow points, since someone already coping well might dream more gently than and feel better for the same underlying reason. 
* The theory predicts that Natalie's dream should be losing intensity week by week, which it is not. 

==Dream emotion and waking coping ==
'''''Focus question: '''What does dream emotion predict for waking coping?''   

* Coping is what a person does while awake to manage stress (Folkman &amp; Moskowitz, 2004). For dreaming to contribute to it, dream emotion has to predict something in that waking process. 
* One objection is that a sleeping person cannot be trying to cope, but emotion regulation doesn't have to be conscious or deliberate to count (Gross, 2015).
* Coping breaks into three increasingly demanding tests: does dream emotion change how a person eels, how well they manage emotion, and whether they adapt to a real stressor? The answer differs for each, which is why this literature looks more contradictory than it is.

===Does dream emotion change how people feel? ===

*One five day study in 40 adults tested all three mood regulation predictions at once. The first result was that more negative dream emotion predicted a more negative morning (Sikka et al., 2022). 
*The largest study agrees: across 4,715 days from 536 adults, frightening dreams were followed by about 7% more negative mood the next morning (Baber et al., 2026).
*But which dream is counted changes the answer. Across up to 21 mornings in 191 adults, ordinary dreams were followed by less negative emotion the next day, and so were nightmares, against the authors own prediction. Bad dreams changed nothing, and bad dreams plus nightmares in the same night were followed by more (Tousignant et al., 2022). 
*Dreams high in both fear and joy predicted mornings with no negative mood at all, and more joy in dreams predicted more positive mood (Baber et al., 2026). Roughly a third of dreams are positive (Weiss, 2007), yet a theory about mood improving has mostly been tested by measuring only what makes mood worse. 

===Does dream emotion change how well people manage emotion? ===

* Feeling better is not the same as coping better. Coping is about handling what comes next, so the harder test is whether dream emotion predicts how a person responds to something upsetting. 
* Tested directly, it does not. In the same five day study, dream emotion had no link to reactivity to upsetting images or to the ability to calm those reactions down, and Bayesian analysis supported both null results (Sikka et al., 2022).
* This is the strongest single result against the mood regulation account, because it is evidence for no relationship rather than a failure to find one. 
* This appears to flip when people are compared with each other instead of with themselves: those who had more frightening dreams overall regulated emotion better while awake (Baber et al., 2026). 
* These are different questions, since comparing a person with themselves asks whether last nights dream helped, and comparing people asks what sort of person has fearful dreams, so only the first tests the theory. 
* Much of the apparent disagreement in this literature comes from between-person findings being read as answers to a within-person question. 

===Does dream emotion predict adapting to a real loss? ===

* Coping is defined against a stressor, so the strongest test is where there is a real one. 
* Over five months of REM awakenings in 20 depressed and 10 non-depressed adults going through a divorce, those still depressed at follow-up did dream about their ex partner, but the dreams had no emotion in them and no links to other memories. Those who recovered had emotional dreams about the same person, so it was the emotion in the dream rather than its subject that tracked recovery (Cartwright et al., 2006). 
* The same pattern appears after a death: in 77 adults with complicated grief, dreams contained far less negative emotion than published norms, 21% against 80% of dreams in women (Germain et a;. 2013). 
* The direction therefore reverses at this level. That is not a contradiction of the previous subsection, because both the outcome and the people have changed. Emotion in a dream predicts a worse morning day to day, but tracks the people who are adapting when there is a genuine loss to adapt to. 
* For Natalie, feeling the loss in the dream is a better sign than dreaming about it with no emotion, what is wrong is that the feeling is not fading. 

=== What coping research is still missing ===

* All three tests above use mood, reactivity, or recovery but none measure what a person actually does to manage stress, which is what coping means (Folkman &amp; Moskowitz, 2004). 
* The one study to measure both found that people who used positive reappraisal while awake had more problem-solving in their dreams, but that those who dreamt about the stressor reported less problem solving awake (Delorme et al., 2002). It used 22 dreamers and a mild stressor, and it is close to the whole literature connecting dreams to waking coping behaviour. 
* None of this can settle whether the dream causes anything, because no study here could change a dream, the next section does. 

&lt;quiz display=simple&gt;
{In the diary studies described above, a more negative dream was typically followed the next morning by:
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
- Better mood, as mood regulation theory predicts
|| Not quite. This is what the theory predicts, but it is not what was found.
+ Worse mood
|| Correct. Negative dream affect predicted a more negative next-day mood (Sikka et al., 2022; Baber et al., 2026).
- No detectable change in mood
|| Not quite. There was a reliable effect, but it ran in the opposite direction to the theory.
&lt;/quiz&gt;

==Using dreams to improve coping==
'''''Focus question: '''How can dreams be targeted to improve coping?''

* The previous section found that dream emotion tarcks how well someone is coping without clear evidence that it drives it, which may be a real limit or only a limit of the method. 
* This section reverse the direction of the measurement, instead of recording a dream and looking forward to the morning, it changes something while the person is awake and then looks back at the dream. That is the only order that can show cause. 

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'''Case study: part 2'''

Six months on, the dream still hasn't stopped. Natalie has started staying up until she's too tired to dream, and she's tired all the time. Her psychologist suggests writing the dream down and changing what happens: this time, the person turns around, or Natalie stops calling out and walks the other way. She rehearses the new version of the dream for a few minutes every night. Within weeks the dream starts to come less often, and when it does, it bothers her less.     
{{RoundBoxBottom}}

===Imagery rehearsal therapy ===

* Imagery rehearsal therapy (IRT) means writing down a recurring nightmare, deliberately changing how it ends, and rehearsing the new version while awake for 10 to 20 minutes a day (Morgenthaler et al., 2018).
* The logic follows fear extinction: rehearsing a new ending does while awake what the theory says a healthy dream does at night.
* It is the only treatment the American Academy of Sleep Medicine recommends for nightmare disorder (Morgenthaler et al., 2018), and across 29 randomised trials it was one of the only two treatments to beat control conditions (Y. Zhang et al., 2022).
* The large effects are uncontrolled: improvements in nightmares, sleep and PTSD held at 6 and 12 months across 13 studies but shrank to a small effect in the one trial that compared it against another active treatment (Casement &amp; Swanson, 2012), and two later trials found no advantage over other sleep treatments in veterans with PTSD (Cook et al., 2010; Harb et al., 2019). 
* Why IRT works remains disputed: a systematic review of the proposed mechanisms found none established (Rousseau &amp; Belleville, 2018), and 30% of patients did not respond at all (Schwartz et al., 2022). 
* Implication: If IRT works through waking rehearsal and changed expectations, the dream is the target of treatment rather than the agent of change.

=== Manipulating dream content: the missing method ===

* A causal claim about dreaming requires manipulating dream content, which nothing in the previous sections does. Targeted dream incubation repeats a chosen theme at sleep onset: 67% of prompted awakenings produced dream reports containing the theme, against 3% of unprompted awakenings (Haar Horowitz et al., 2020). Dream content is therefore controllable. 
* But this is a methods demonstration rather than a treatment, even successful incubation cannot show whether the experience of dreaming matters or merely accompanies the work being done (Haar Horowitz et al., 2020). 
* Working the other way, an improved capacity for affect regulation within dreams accompanied improvement in personality functioning during psychotherapy, so dream content may index progress as well as be a target of it (Kempe et al., 2024).
* What would settle the question is an experiment that manipulates dream emotion under real distress and measures waking coping rather than nightmare frequency. Nothing in this literature does that yet. 

==Conclusion==
* Dreams like Natalie's recur because the emotional charge attached to a memory has not faded overnight. That is the problem this chapter set out to explain. 
* The short answer to the subtitle is that REM dreams reflect emotional processing more reliably than they perform it. Dream emotion behaves more like a thermometer than a heater: it registers how much distress someone is carrying, but there is little evidence that it is what brings the distress down. 
* Sleep and dreaming are not the same thing. Sleep makes emotional memories more likely to be remembered without reliably making them feel less bad (Lipinska et al., 2019), and dreaming continues when REM sleep is supressed (Solms, 2000). Only two studies have tested whether the dream itself adds anything (Lara-Carrasco et al., 2009; J. Zhang et al., 2024).
* Four theories disagree about what a dream is for and they can be separated by what each predicts about the following morning (see Table 1).
* The prediction that matters most for coping is the mood regulation one and it fails. Dream emotion predicts a worse next morning rather than a better one, and predicts nothing about reactivity or about the ability to regulate emotion (Sikka et al., 2022; Baber et al., 2026), so it looks more like a sign of how well someone is coping than the thing doing the coping.
* Coping itself has almost never been measured, every finding above uses mood, reactivity or clinical recovery as a stand in for what a person actually does to manage stress (Folkman &amp; Moskowitz, 2004; Delorme et al., 2002). 
* Dreams can still be changed on purpose: rewriting a recurring nightmare reduces both how often it happens and how much distress it causes (Morgenthaler et al., 2018), though whether the rewriting is the active ingredient is unresolved (Cook et al., 2010; Harb et al., 2019; Schwartz et al., 2022).
* Settling the wider question means controlling dream content rather than only recording it (Haar Horowitz et al., 2020; Schwartz et al., 2022), and measuring coping rather than nightmare frequency. 
* Natalie's dream did not repair itself, and it did not need to. What changed it was practising a new ending while awake.

{{RoundBoxTop|theme=11}}
'''Take-home messages'''

* A bad dream is not a sign that emotional processing is doing its job, dream emotion tracks distress rather than relieving it. 
* Dreaming may still add something, but the evidence is thin and comes from a handful of studies that could not assign anyone to dream.  
*&quot;Sleep on it&quot; is reasonable advice for retaining a memory, but not a reliable way to feel better about it.  
  
{{RoundBoxBottom}}

==See also==

* [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Coping and emotion|Coping and emotion]] (Book chapter, 2020)
* [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2025/Dreams and emotional problem-solving|Dreams and emotional problem-solving]] (Book chapter, 2025)
* [[w:Emotional self-regulation|Emotional self-regulation]] (Wikipedia)
* [[w:Nightmare disorder|Nightmare disorder]] (Wikipedia)
* [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Nightmares and emotion|Nightmares and emotion]] (Book chapter, 2020)

==References==
{{Hanging indent|1=

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Cartwright, R., Agargun, M. Y., Kirkby, J., &amp; Friedman, J. K. (2006). Relation of dreams to waking concerns. ''Psychiatry Research, 141''(3), 261–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2005.05.013

Cartwright, R., Luten, A., Young, M., Mercer, P., &amp; Bears, M. (1998). Role of REM sleep and dream affect in overnight mood regulation: A study of normal volunteers. ''Psychiatry Research, 81''(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-1781(98)00089-4

Casement, M. D., &amp; Swanson, L. M. (2012). A meta-analysis of imagery rehearsal for post-trauma nightmares: Effects on nightmare frequency, sleep quality, and posttraumatic stress. ''Clinical Psychology Review, 32''(6), 566–574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2012.06.002

Cook, J. M., Harb, G. C., Gehrman, P. R., Cary, M. S., Gamble, G. M., Forbes, D., &amp; Ross, R. J. (2010). Imagery rehearsal for posttraumatic nightmares: A randomized controlled trial. ''Journal of Traumatic Stress, 23''(5), 553–563. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.20569

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Lara-Carrasco, J., Nielsen, T. A., Solomonova, E., Levrier, K., &amp; Popova, A. (2009). Overnight emotional adaptation to negative stimuli is altered by REM sleep deprivation and is correlated with intervening dream emotions. ''Journal of Sleep Research, 18''(2), 178–187. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2869.2008.00709.x

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Lipinska, G., Stuart, B., Thomas, K. G. F., Baldwin, D. S., &amp; Bolinger, E. (2019). Preferential consolidation of emotional memory during sleep: A meta-analysis. ''Frontiers in Psychology, 10'', 1014. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01014

Mendoza Alvarez, M., Balthasar, Y., Verbraecken, J., Claes, L., van Someren, E., van Marle, H. J. F., Vandekerckhove, M., &amp; De Picker, L. (2024). Systematic review: REM sleep, dysphoric dreams and nightmares as transdiagnostic features of psychiatric disorders with emotion dysregulation – Clinical implications. ''Sleep Medicine, 127'', 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2024.12.037

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}}

==External links==
* [https://www.sleepfoundation.org/nightmares/how-to-stop-having-nightmares How to prevent nightmares] (Sleep Foundation)
* [https://shows.acast.com/sleep-science-pod/episodes/ep12-sleep-dreams-and-mental-health Sleep, dreams and mental health] (The Sleep Science Pod)
* [https://www.media.mit.edu/projects/targeted-dream-incubation/overview/ Targeted dream incubation] (MIT Media Lab)
* [https://theconversation.com/the-science-of-dreams-and-nightmares-what-is-going-on-in-our-brains-while-were-sleeping-210901 The science of dreams and nightmares – what is going on in our brains while we're sleeping?] (The Conversation)

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==Overview==
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[[File:Exams during Covid-19 - France (50651621763).jpg|thumb|200px|'''Figure 1'''. Exams during Covid-19.]]

; Acar and Kaya (2024) study

Amongst 23 adolescent participants, psychological drivers, social and environmental influences, and cognitive and planning capacities were identified as primary categories influencing adolescent future orientation, alongside family, peers, educational access, and cultural norms contributing to the facilitation or hindering of future aspirations (Acar &amp; Kaya, 2024). 

'''Psychological drivers''': 'hope and optimism, fear of failure, self-identity, motivation and ambition, and emotional regulation' (Acar &amp; Kaya, 2024). 

'''Social and environmental''': 'parental support, peer influence, school environment, socioeconomic constraints, and community expectations' (Acar &amp; Kaya, 2024). 

'''Cognitive and planning capacities''': 'goal-setting skills, time perspective, decision-making ability, problem-solving skills, information-seeking behavior [''sic''], and academic self-efficacy' (Acar &amp; Kaya, 2024).     

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When focusing on adolescents, future orientation is a vital component of their education (Johnson et al., 2014). Conversely, adolescent crime rates have been steadily decreasing (Australian Bureau of Statistics [ABS], 2026), yet are widely considered a cause of primary concern (Hinchcliff et al., 2026; Australian Human Rights Commission [AHRC], 2024; World Health Organisation [WHO], 2026). 

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'''Focus questions'''

{{ic|Use bullet points as shown in [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]]}}

'''1.''' Why is Future Orientation Important?

'''2.''' Can Future Orientation Mitigate Criminal Behaviour?  

'''3.''' Are Adolescents More Susceptible to Aversive Effects of Low Future Orientation?

'''4.''' Does Criminal Behaviour Depend Upon Future-Oriented Cognition? 
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== Future Orientation ==
{{ic|Include at least an introductory paragraph before branching into sub-headings}}

===What is Future Orientation===
According to House et al. (2004) {{g}} future orientation is the tendency for a person to engage in thoughts, actions, and the delaying of immediate gratification in favour of future goals. Referring to adolescents, many disciplines have ratified the importance of future-oriented behaviour in promoting positive health and development (Johnson et al., 2016). Trommsdorff (9179) proposed that future orientation included eight dimensions: extension, detail, domain, affect, motivation, control, sequence of events, and number of cognitions. A study by Beal (2011) revealed that Trommsdorff (1979) conceptualisation indicates that different influences can be indicators of future orientation and the eight dimensions. 

==Influences on Future Orientation==
Multidisciplinary findings have indicated that a variety of influences contribute to future orientation. It is important to note that much of the psychological research has targeted adolescents and young adults, and therefore findings are skewed, yet extensive and reliable.  

===Psychological Influences===
McCue et al. (2019) researched and measured the effects of future-orientation on adolescent decision-making. Previously, connectedness to future-self and episodic future thinking demonstrate future-oriented cognition, and while their correlation is undetermined, individual measures have shown significant effects in minimising hazardous decision-making in both adolescents and adults (Grekin et al., 2025; Goger et al., 2024; Arora, 2023). 

Future-connectedness is defined by behaviours and cognition involving the active imagination, verbal and physical communication, and other related engagements towards a person’s future in all forms. Disconnect from the future self has been shown to increase irrational, short-sighted, and risky behaviours deemed beneficial in the present (Hershfield, 2011). Episodic future thinking is defined as the mental stimulation experienced towards possible future occurrences, and supports future-orientation and highlighting the importance of delaying rewards and countering impulsive behaviours (Gilbert &amp; Wilson, 2007; Benoit et al., 2011; Bar, 2009). This is particularly important as future-oriented thinking has historically shown its profound necessity amongst adolescents (Nurmi, 1991), and a lower predilection for impulsive and risky behaviour in favour of future rewards (Steinberg, 2004; Madden &amp; Bickel, 2012).

McCue et al. (2019) found a significant positive correlation between future-connectedness and episodic future thinking, claiming to be one of, if not the first, study to identify a beneficial relationship and independent effects within adolescents. Giollabhui et al. (2018) found that increased future-oriented behaviours and cognition contribute to reduced adolescent hopelessness. During adolescence, hopelessness is categorised by adamant negative future expectations and vulnerability (Casey et al., 2008; Lester, 2015). 

The severity of hopelessness in adolescence, and its relation to increased engagement in violent and/or high-risk behaviours, severe depression and anxiety, and unsafe sexual conduct (Becker-Weidman et al., 2009; Bolland, 2003; James et al., 2017; Giollabhui et al., 2018), indicates the importance of minimising adolescent hopelessness. Suicide has been a primary cause of death amongst adolescents for many years, skyrocketing after COVID-19 (Kim et al., 2024), and highlighting the worrisome trend. Considering the relationship between hopelessness, future-orientation, and adolescent depression and suicidal behaviours, increasing positive cognitions actively declines time-limited rates of hopelessness across confounds, including socio-economic status and stressors (Giollabhui et al., 2018).

=== Future Orientation and Criminal Activity ===

Relevant to criminal behaviour, higher levels of future-oriented cognition indicate further consideration of long-term consequences of offending (Kwon et al., 2025); in contrast, limited future orientation correlates with increased criminal behaviour by encouraging immediate gratification and reducing consideration of delayed consequences (Kübel et al., 2023). 

Clinkinbeard (2014) found that high future orientation and self-control predict adolescent criminal behaviour; particularly, higher future-oriented cognition mitigates negative effects of low self-control and lessens impulsivity, risky behaviour engagement, criminal cognition, and adolescent crime rates (Khetarpal et al., 2021; Squillaro &amp; Bixter, 2025; Simmons et al., 2019). 

Importantly, Walters (2019) identified a gradual decrease in criminal behaviour with maturation, associated with increased future orientation and decreased adolescent hopelessness. Similarly, Wood et al. (2017) recognised that cognitive immaturity relates to engagement in aversive behaviours, and thereby suffering future negative life effects; promoting future orientation and positive childhood effects can mitigate these negative life effects and promote sustainability (Kübel et al., 2023; Cauffman et al., 2023; Mueller et al., 2023). 

;Quiz
Choose your answers and click &quot;Submit&quot;:
&lt;quiz display=simple&gt;
{A variety of influences contribute to future orientation:
|type=&quot;(+)&quot;}
+ True
- False

{Future-connectedness is defined by behaviours and cognition involving the engagement towards a person’s future:
|type=&quot;(+)&quot;}
+ True
- False

{Disconnect from the future self has been shown to have no aversive risks:
|type=&quot;(+)&quot;}
+ True
- False

{Hopelessness is a persistent and serious outcome of adolescence:
|type=&quot;(+)&quot;}
+ True
- False

{Future orientation is ''the'' primary indicator for engagement with criminal behaviour:
|type=&quot;(-)&quot;}
+ True
- False
&lt;/quiz&gt;

==Key Points==
* Future orientation is the tendency for a person to engage in thoughts and actions in favour of future goals. 
*Future-connectedness is defined by behaviours and cognition involving engagement towards a person’s future in all forms. 
*The severity of hopelessness in adolescence, and its high relation to adverse behaviours, indicates the importance of minimising adolescent hopelessness.  
* Higher levels of future-oriented cognition indicate further consideration of long-term consequences of offending. 
* Limited future orientation correlates with increased criminal behaviour. 

=Criminal Behaviour=
Dent and Ward (2022) conceptualised criminal behaviour as ‘an action or set of actions... understood by the actor to be adaptive in relation to their functional needs, but...make it more difficult to function adaptively...to other sociocultural needs.’ Criminal behaviour can include minor crimes, such as ‘theft or traffic violations’, and major crimes, such as ‘physical abuse, sexual offense [sic], or murder’ (Prent et al., 2023), and is considered a ‘major social problem with complex causes... [and involves] a myriad of environmental, social, and psychological factors are associated with increased risk of convictions for this type of criminality’ (Prent et al., 2023; Levitt, 2012; Swaab &amp; Meynen, 2023). 

==Influences on Criminal Behaviour==
Reiterating findings from Prent et al. (2023), criminal behaviour is affected by many complex and interconnected facets, including social, psychological, biological, and environmental, each of which has its own influential components, such as geographical location and socio-economic status. Importantly, future orientation has demonstrated its positive effects on minimising negative behaviour across different contributing factors (Giollabhui et al., 2018).

==Psychological Influences==
Taking a look at media and history, psychology has often obtained the status of primary reasoning for criminal acts; however, crime is not limited to a single discipline (South Australia News, 2026). While this is a well-established fact, it is often a misconception that one factor is more influential than the other. 

A longstanding theory on the explanation of human beings’ behaviour, cognition, and reasoning is that of Nature v Nurture. Nurture, the psychological construct, argues that the reason for a person’s circumstances stems from their upbringing and environment rather than other justifications. Hadsell (2026) stated that the ‘connection between parents and children has two pathways: biological, covering both genes and hormones, and environmental.’

==Biological Influences==
When referring to the Nature concept, it is theorised that the biological makeup of an individual is a sole predictor of behaviour (Alper, 1995). Baschetti (2008) argued that genetic evidence proved Nature over Nurture. Utilising Charles Darwin’s theories on evolution and biology, current and overwhelming research indicates the heritability of criminality is vigilant, yet persistent (Baschetti, 2008; Pizzi, 2004). It should be noted that Nature can refer to the genetic contribution within mental illness. 

Rao (2007) argued that all humans have a ‘dark side that loves crime and violence... [while] we may all deny it, but the contrary is true...regardless of our age, caste, social status, region, religion or education.’ {{ic|APA style: Direct quotes should use double quotation marks and include page numbers}} Relevant to crime rates, it can be reasoned that modern-day society is the ‘most violent culture in history in the number of crimes and...the nature of brutality.’ Ling et al. (2019) explored how psychophysiology, brain mechanisms, and genetics stimulate criminal behaviour. Particularly, disrupted prefrontal cortex-amygdala connectivity and changes in autonomic functioning damaging the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis correlate with increased criminal and anti-social tendencies (Gillespie et al.,  2018; Critchley, 2005; Brzozowski &amp; Mitchell, 2018) {{ic|APA style: Arrange multiple citations in alphabetical order}}. 

Baschetti (2008) signifies {{ic|Use past tense when describing past research}} the importance of systematic changes acknowledging the existence of a biological influence to encourage appropriate reforms and minimise negative outcomes. 

==Relationship Between Criminal Behaviour and Future Orientation==
{{expand}}

==Does Future Orientation Influence the Risk of Criminal Activity?==
Future orientation is an incredibly {{ic|Avoid overly emotive language}} important skill, particularly for adolescents or those experiencing hopelessness. A lack of future-oriented cognition can exacerbate impulsive and risky behaviour and can result in engagement in criminal behaviour (Squillaro &amp; Bixter, 2025; Mueller et al., 2023). Given adolescent vulnerability to criminal behaviours (Bui &amp; Deakin, 2021) and hopelessness (Bolland, 2003; Tonkus et al., 2022), it is incredibly relevant to encourage future orientation. Reiterating how future orientation has a positive relationship in curbing adolescent criminal activity and juvenile incarceration (Walters, 2019; Simmons et al., 2019) reinforces future orientation as an imperative protective factor across life (Yang et al., 2026; Clinkinbeard, 2014). 

==Book Chapter Direction==
* Environmental influences in criminal activity. 
*Social influences in criminal activity. 
*Understanding the relationship between future orientation and criminal activity. 
*Protective factors within future orientation
*Risk factors within future orientation
*Future research directions

==Conclusion==
''''' Include key sentence on the importance of understanding future orientation in criminal behaviour''.'''

Currently, there is substantial research into the effects and relationships of future orientation and adolescent criminal activity. However, there are limited conclusive findings on the relevance of mitigating criminal behaviour through the use of future orientation. Given the significant positive correlations between future-oriented thinking and mitigating similar disturbances in life quality, it would be inopportune to ignore how future orientation can prevent increasing crime rates in adolescents ''and'' adults. 

==See also==
{{expand}}

==References==
{{Hanging indent|1=

Alper, J. S. (1995). Biological influences on criminal behaviour: How good is the evidence? *BMJ, 310*(6975), 272–273. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.310.6975.272

Arora, S. (2023). *“It’s a future-me problem”: How future-self continuity and message framing affect climate change risk perceptions* [Doctoral dissertation, University of Guelph]. Atrium. https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/items/4d97286e-5635-45b6-a1c3-e9be464b1e7c

Bar, M. (2009). The proactive brain: Memory for predictions. *Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 364*(1521), 1235–1243. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0310

Baschetti, R. (2008). Genetic evidence that Darwin was right about criminality: Nature, not nurture. *Medical Hypotheses, 70*(6), 1092–1102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2008.01.005

Becker-Weidman, E. G., Jacobs, R. H., Reinecke, M. A., Silva, S. G., &amp; March, J. S. (2010). Social problem-solving among adolescents treated for depression. *Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48*(1), 11–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.08.006

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Bickel, W. K., Athamneh, L. N., Basso, J. C., Mellis, A. M., DeHart, W. B., Craft, W. H., &amp; Pope, D. (2019). Excessive discounting of delayed reinforcers as a trans-disease process: Update on the state of the science. *Current Opinion in Psychology, 30*, 59–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2019.01.005

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Bui, L., &amp; Deakin, J. (2021). What we talk about when we talk about vulnerability and youth crime: A narrative review. *Aggression and Violent Behavior, 58*, 101605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2021.101605

Cauffman, E., Gillespie, M. L., Beardslee, J., Davis, F., Hernandez, M., &amp; Williams, T. (2023). Adolescent contact, lasting impact? Lessons learned from two longitudinal studies spanning 20 years of developmental science research with justice-system-involved youths. *Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 24*(3), 133–161. https://doi.org/10.1177/15291006231205173

Chadwick, R. (n.d.). Genetics and crime. In M. Levitt (Ed.), *Encyclopedia of applied ethics* (2nd ed., pp. 462–469). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-373932-2.000375

Clinkinbeard, S. S. (2014). What lies ahead: An exploration of future orientation, self-control, and delinquency. *Criminal Justice Review, 39*(1), 19–36. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734016813501193

Critchley, H. D. (2005). Neural mechanisms of autonomic, affective, and cognitive integration. *The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 493*(1), 154–166. https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.20749

Dent, H., &amp; Ward, T. (2022). Emotion and correctional practice: Theoretical foundations of an enactive practice framework. *Aggression and Violent Behavior, 63*, 101672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2021.101672

Faura-Garcia, J., Calvete, E., &amp; Orue, I. (2024). Longitudinal associations between nonsuicidal self-injury, depressive symptoms, hopelessness, and emotional dysregulation in adolescents. *Archives of Suicide Research, 28*(3), 800–814. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2023.2237075

Gillespie, S. M., Brzozowski, A., &amp; Mitchell, I. J. (2018). Self-regulation and aggressive antisocial behaviour: Insights from amygdala-prefrontal and heart-brain interactions. *Psychology, Crime &amp; Law, 24*(3), 243–257. https://doi.org/10.1080/1068316X.2017.1414816

Gilbert, D. T., &amp; Wilson, T. D. (2007). Prospection: Experiencing the future. *Science, 317*(5843), 1351–1354. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1144161

Goger, P., Nam, R. J., Lowry, N., Bell, K. A., Parvez, N., Pollak, O. H., Robinaugh, D. J., Schacter, D. L., &amp; Cha, C. B. (2024). Testing the modifiability of episodic future thinking and episodic memory among suicidal and nonsuicidal adolescents. *JCPP Advances, 4*(3), e12236. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcv2.12236

Grekin, E. R., Thomas, H. A., Souweidane, M. A., &amp; Stidham, J. L. (2025). The effects of future self-continuity interventions on behavioral outcomes in adults: A systematic review of the literature. *Personality Science, 6*. https://doi.org/10.1177/27000710251391610

Hadsell, L. (2026). Parents: Nature and nurture. In *Social economies*. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-21916-9_18

Hershfield, H. E. (2011). Future self-continuity: How conceptions of the future self transform intertemporal choice. *Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1235*, 30–43. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06201.x

James, S., Reddy, S. P., Ellahebokus, A., Sewpaul, R., &amp; Naidoo, P. (2017). The association between adolescent risk behaviours and feelings of sadness or hopelessness: A cross-sectional survey of South African secondary school learners. *Psychology, Health &amp; Medicine, 22*(7), 778–789. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2017.1300669

Johnson, S. R., Blum, R. W., &amp; Cheng, T. L. (2014). Future orientation: A construct with implications for adolescent health and wellbeing. *International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, 26*(4), 459–468. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2013-0333

Khetarpal, S. K., Szoko, N., Ragavan, M. I., &amp; Culyba, A. J. (2021). Future orientation as a cross-cutting protective factor against multiple forms of violence. *The Journal of Pediatrics, 235*, 288–291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.05.019

Kübel, L. S., Deitzer, R. J., Frankenhuis, E. W., Ribeaud, D., Eisner, P. M., &amp; van Gelder, J.-L. (2023). The shortsighted victim: Short-term mindsets mediate the link between victimization and later offending. *Journal of Criminal Justice, 86*, 102062. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2023.102062

Kwon, K. Y., Sutin, A. R., &amp; Kim, J. (2025). Juvenile delinquency and cognitive function in adulthood: Differentiating violent and nonviolent behaviors and exploring multiple mechanisms. *Journal of Research on Adolescence, 35*(4), e70095. https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.70095

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Mueller, K. C., Cavitt, J., &amp; Carey, M. T. (2023). Future orientation in justice-involved youth: The effects of adverse and positive childhood experiences, and being dual-status. *Child Abuse &amp; Neglect, 141*, 106230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106230

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Pizzi, W. J. (2004). Nature via nurture: Genes, experience, and what makes us human. *Journal of Undergraduate Neuroscience Education, 2*(2), R10–R11.

Prent, N., Jonker, A. F., Schouws, N. T. M. S., &amp; Jonker, C. (2023). The risk of criminal behavior in the elderly and patients with neurodegenerative disease. In H. Swaab &amp; G. Meynen (Eds.), *Handbook of clinical neurology* (Vol. 197, pp. 181–196). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-821375-9.00004-9

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Squillaro, D., &amp; Bixter, M. T. (2025). The relationship between four indicators of future time orientation, criminal thinking style, and illegal behaviors. *Journal of Forensic Sciences, 70*(1), 200–214. https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.15640

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}}

==External links==
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      <text bytes="15795" sha1="ns9bp97qk11jj6jz62z2ukkprbsh4wk" xml:space="preserve">{{title|Pleasure anticipation and dopamine:&lt;br&gt; How does the brain's reward system generate motivation through expected rather than experienced pleasure?}}
__TOC__

==Overview ==
{{RoundBoxTop|theme=3}}
;Scenario - Wanting without liking 

[[File:Cartoon describing the vaporization process of e-cigarette.webp|thumb|right|170px|'''Figure 1'''. Illustration of the vaporisation process of an electronic cigarette.]]

A university student is up late studying for their final exam, {{g}} they're under considerable stress and are experiencing a strong desire to use their vape (Figure One). They anticipate that using their vape will feel satisfying and rewarding as they can not focus on anything else. Eventually they use their vape, however the experience is disappointing and uncomfortable. The taste is unpleasant and they now feel nauseous, the expected satisfaction is breif. Despite this, the craving later returns. Why can the anticipation of a experience create such a strong motivation when the experience itself involves little pleasure?  
{{RoundBoxBottom}}

*'''What is pleasure anticipation?''' - Anticipatory pleasure is epxerienced{{sp}} when thinking about or expecting a future reward. Gard et al. (2006) described anticipatory pleasure as the pleasure experienced in anticipation of an enjoyable stimuli and associates it with the feeling of 'wanting'. While consummatory pleasure is the pleasure experinerenced when the rewarding stimuli is actually taking place, often described as the in the moment experience of pleasure.
*'''How does pleasure anticipation motivate behaviour? -''' Anticipating pleasure can influence motivated behaviour by increasing a persons willingness to put effort into obtaining a potential future reward. Geaney et al. (2015) exmained aticipatory pleasure along with participants willingness to expand their efforts for rewards. In doing this it was found that higher aticipary pleasure was associated with more effortful choices for potially greater rewards. This now suggests that pleasure anticipation can influence reward seeking motivation, rather than simply being a positive feeling.
*'''What role does dopamine play in reward anticipation? -''' Dopamine plays a key role in reward anticipation by assisting the brain in learning and predicting, which cues signal future rewards. Nasser et al. (2017) describes dopamine reward prediction error signalling as reflecting differences between expected and received rewards. This allows reward expectations to be updated through learning. This process helps the brain learn which cues are associated with rewards, which can motivate future reward seeking behaviour.
*'''What is the difference between wanting vs liking?''' - Berridge and Robinson (2016) study distinguishes between the two components of reward (Wanting vs Liking). The literature explains that incentive salience (wanting), is a form of motivation associated with mesolimbic dopamine systems, compared to 'liking' which refers to the pleasurable feeling experienced when a reward is consumed. Crucially, Berridge and Robinson state that the brain mechanisms responsible for 'wanting' and 'liking' are seperate, meaning a person can strongly want a reward without necessarily experiencing the same level of pleasure when they actually receive it.

{{RoundBoxTop|theme=3}}
'''Focus questions'''

{{ic|The section above suggests 4 other questions; consolidate and integrate the questions into this focus question section. Ensure alignment between the sub-title, the focus questions, and the top-level headings.}}

* How does anticipating pleasure influence motivation and behaviour? 
* What role does dopamine play in reward anticipation, prediction and learning? 
* How can incentive salience explain the difference between 'wanting' and 'liking' a reward? 
* How does pleasure anticipation influence behaviours such as sexual desire, gambling and substance use? 
{{RoundBoxBottom}}

==Pleasure anticipation and motivation ==

* Pleasure anticipation is a key component of reward based motivation.
* Experiencing reward can involve anticipatory pleasure even prior to receiving a reward while consummatory pleasure occurs while experiencing the reward.
* Expectations of future pleasure can motivate individuals to engage in behaviours directed towards obtaining a potential reward. (Gard et al. (2006)

=== Anticipatory and consummatory pleasure ===

* Anticipatory pleasure is referring too the pleasure experincned{{sp}} when tanticipating{{sp}} a future reward or pleasurable feeling. Gard et al. (2006) associates anticipatory pleasure with the motivation process of 'wanting'
* Consummatory pleasure refers to the pleasure experienced while the rewarding event is actually happening. Gard (2006) refers to this as an 'in the moment' experience of pleasure. 
* Anticipatory and consummatory pleasure are related but are two seperate experiences. Gard (2006),{{g}} found that the two components are positively correlated however they represent seperate constructs.

=== Pleasure and motivated behaviour ===

* Anticipating pleasure can motivate reward seeking behaviour. The expectation of a future rewarding experience can increase the motivation and willingness of an individual to put more effort into obtaining that suspected reward. (Geanney et al. (2015)
* Anticipatory pleasure predicts effort towards rewards. In Geanney, et al. (2015)'s study it was found that higher anticipatory pleasure was linked to greater effort for rewards, especially when the predicted chances of the reward was low. 
* These findings suggest that expected pleasure can influence motivation and behaviour prior to a reward being experienced. Geanney et al. (2015)

== Dopamine and reward anticipation ==

* Dopamine plays an key role in reward anticipation, learning and motivated behaviour. 
* Dopamine activity can respond to cues that predict future rewards, allowing these cues to gain motivation significance. 
* Errors in reward prediction can help individuals learn differences between expected and experienced rewards. (Nasser et. al., 2017) 

=== The dopamine reward system ===

* Dopamine is an important neurotransmitter involved in the brains connected reward systems in the limbic regions and contributes to reward related learning and motivation. (Nasser et. al., 2017)
* Dopamine neurons in the midbrain respond to unexpected rewards. As learning takes place, dopamine activity can begin responding to the cue that signals the upcoming reward. (Nasser et. al., 2017)
* Reward predicting cues can then therefore become motivationally significant. Once a cue becomes associated with a reward it can then encourage future behaviour in regards to obtaining a reward. (Nasser et. al., 2017)

=== Reward prediction and learning ===

* Reward prediction error occurs when there is a difference between the expected reward and the reward thats actually received. (Nasser et. al., 2017)
* When a reward is greater then originally predicted, that is described as the positive prediction error, while when a reward is less than predicted, a negative prediction error is produced. (Nasser et. al., 2017)
* Prediction errors support learning by updating an individuals predictions of future rewards. Overtime, this can allow cues to become associated with particular rewards and either positively or negatively influence future decisions. (Nasser et. al., 2017) 

== Wanting, liking and incentive salience ==

* Reward involves seperate processes of 'wanting' and 'liking', which often influenced reward seeking behaviour. 
* 'Wanting' refers to the motivation to pursue a reward, whereas 'liking' refers to the pleasure experienced when the reward is received. 
* Incentive salience can influence motivational value of rewarding cues, meaning an indivdual may strongly 'want' a reward without necessarily experinecing that same level of 'liking' for the reward. (Berridge &amp; Robinson 20016)

=== Wanting versus liking ===

* 'Wanting' and 'liking' are two seperate components of the rewarding feeling. 'Wanting' refers to the motivation to obtain a reward, while 'liking' refers to the pleasure felt once the reward is experienced. (Berridge &amp; Robinson (2016)
* The systems in the brain involved in 'wanting' and 'liking' can operate separately. Individuals can strongly desire something even when the actual experienced provides little pleasure. (Berridge &amp; Robinson (2016)
* Dopamine is more strongly linking with wanting than liking, challenging the idea that dopamine simply produced pleasure and rather highlights its role in reward motivation. (Berridge &amp; Robinson (2016)

=== Incentive salience theory ===

* Incentive salience theory explains how reward related cues can strongly motivate behaviour. Cues associated with reward can trigger a 'wanting' for the reward. (Berridge &amp; Robinson (2016)
* Mesolimbic dopamine systems play a key role in incentive salience through increasing the motivational value of these reward related cues. (Berridge &amp; Robinson (2016)
* Incentive salience can often help explain why the feeling of 'wanting' may continue or increase while the feeling of 'liking' can decrease. This can lead to an individual to remaining highly motivated to seek a rewards despite receiving limited pleasure from it. (Berridge &amp; Robinson (2016)

== Pleasure anticipation and human behaviour ==

* Pleasure anticipation can motivate individuals to seek rewarding experiences. 
* Reward related cues can increase motivation when pleasure is expected. 
* Sexual desire, gambling and substance abuse demonstrate how anticipated rewards can influence motivation and reward seeking behaviour. (Agmo &amp; Laan, 2023)

=== Sexual desire and pleasure ===

* Sexual desire can be seen as a form of incentive motivation. Sexual cues can active motivation and encourage individuals to approach or seek sexual experiences. (Agmo &amp; Laan (2023)
* Expecting sexual pleasure can make sexual cues more motivating. Previous pleasurable sexual experiences can make related cues more incising and increase future sexual desire. (Agmo &amp; Laan (2023)
* Sexual motivation can often occur prior to experienced pleasure. Individuals may seek sexual experienced because they expect them to be rewarding, even before they feel pleasure. (Agmo &amp; Laan (2023)

=== Gambling, reward, and uncertainty ===

* The uncertainty of whether a reward will be granted may increase an individuals motivation to gamble. Unpredictable rewards may make gambling related cues more motivating, further inspiring one to seek rewards or success. (Clark et. al. (2009)
* This study found that 'near misses' in gambling increased participants motivation to continue playing, despite the 'near misses' being experienced as unpleasant. (Clark et. al. (2009)
* Near misses illustrate how 'wanting' can occur without 'liking'. Individuals can continue to feel motivation to gamble even when they do not receive an immediate reward of enjoy the outcome. (Clark et. al. (2009)

=== Substance use and addiction ===

* Substance use further demonstrates how 'wanting' and 'liking' can be seperate. An individual may develop a strong motivation to use a substance even when the pleasurable effects have decreased or do not exist. ( Berridge &amp; Robinson (2016)
* Repeated drug use can sensitise brain systems involved in incentive motivation. This can lead to drug related cues becoming more powerful leading to a trigger in 'wanting' and drug seeking behaviour. (Berridge &amp; Robinson (2016)
* Drug related cues can therefore continue to trigger strong cravings, even when the experience of the substance is no longer considered pleasurable. This can explain how excessive 'wanting' can contribute to persistent substance seeking and relapse. (Berridge &amp; Robinson (2016)

=== Quiz ===
&lt;quiz display=&quot;simple&quot;&gt;

{What is anticipatory pleasure?
|type=&quot;()&quot;}

- Experienced pleasure only AFTER receiving a reward
+ Pleasure associated with expecting a future reward
- The lack of motivation for a reward
- Pleasure that is only experienced while experiencing a pleasurable reward

{When does a positive reward prediction error occur?
|type=&quot;()&quot;}

+ When a reward is greater than expected 
- When a reward is equally to what was expected 
- When a reward is less than what was expected 
- When there is no reward granted 

{According to incentive salience theory, what does &quot;wanting&quot; refer to?
|type=&quot;()&quot;}

- The pleasure experinced when receiving a reward 
- The absensce of reward anticipation 
- Having a fear of rewarding stimuli 
+ The motivation to pursue a reward 

{Which example best demonstrates &quot;wanting&quot; without &quot;liking&quot;?
|type=&quot;()&quot;}

- Enjoying a reward you originally weren't anticipating you would enjoy
- Avoiding the reward as you don't anticipate you will enjoy it 
+ Strongly cravings a substance despite experiencing little pleasure from it 
- Receiving an pleasurable unexpected reward 

&lt;/quiz&gt;

==Conclusion==
* Pleasure anticipation can generate motivation prior to actually experiencing the reward. Expectations of future pleasure can encourage reward seeking behaviours and increase an individuals willingness to chase a reward. 
* Dopamine contributes to reward anticipation through reward prediction, learning and incentive motivation. Reward related cues can become significant and often influence behaviour towards obtaining rewards. 
* Anticipated and experienced pleasure do not always correspond. There is a key distinction between 'wanting' and 'liking' which helps explain why individuals may remain heavily motivated to pursue pleasurable experineces such as sexual pleasure, gambling and substance use, even if the reward only provide limited pleasure. 

==See also==
* [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2026/Reward prediction error|Reward Prediction Error]] (Book chapter, 2026)
* [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2025/Pleasure anticipation and dopamine|Pleasure anticipation and dopamine]] (Book chapter, 2025)

==References==
{{Hanging indent|1=

Ågmo, A., &amp; Laan, E. (2023). The sexual incentive motivation model and its clinical applications. ''The Journal of Sex Research'', ''60''(7), 969–988. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2022.2134978

Berridge,     K. C., &amp; Robinson, T. E. (2016). Liking, wanting, and the     incentive-sensitization theory of addiction. ''The American Psychologist'', ''71''(8),     670–679. PubMed Central. [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5171207/?utm https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000059]

Clark,     L., Lawrence, A. J., Astley-Jones, F., &amp; Gray, N. (2009). Gambling     near-misses enhance motivation to gamble and recruit win-related brain     circuitry. ''Neuron'', ''61''(3),     481–490. PubMed Central. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2008.12.031

Gard, D.     E., Gard, M. G., Kring, A. M., &amp; John, O. P. (2006). Anticipatory and     consummatory components of the experience of pleasure: A scale development     study. ''Journal of Research in Personality'', ''40''(6), 1086–1102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2005.11.001

Geaney,     J. T., Treadway, M. T., &amp; Smillie, L. D. (2015). Trait anticipatory     pleasure predicts effort expenditure for reward. ''PLOS ONE'', ''10''(6),     e0131357. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0131357 

Nasser,     H. M., Calu, D. J., Schoenbaum, G., &amp; Sharpe, M. J. (2017). The     dopamine prediction error: Contributions to associative models of reward     learning. ''Frontiers in Psychology'', ''8''. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00244

}}

==External links==

* [https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/dopamine Dopamine]
* [https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/gambling-addiction Gambling Addiction]

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      <text bytes="52791" sha1="4cvp79pbph0gjglf2bam6vl21dpwxat" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;{{note|Feedback [[wikiversity:FAQ/Template|template]] for the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Topic|topic development]] exercise for [[motivation and emotion]].&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[Help:Transclusion|Transclude]] on a chapter [[Help:Talk page|talk page]].}}
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==Topic development feedback==
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The [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Topic|topic development]] has been reviewed according to the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Topic#Marking criteria|marking criteria]]. Written feedback is provided below, plus see the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Topic/Feedback|general feedback]] page. Also check the [[Special:History/{{PAGENAME}}|page history]] for changes made whilst reviewing the plan. If you don't understand the feedback or would like further information, [[Motivation and emotion/Staff|get in touch]] to discuss. Marks are available via {{Motivation and emotion/Canvas}}. Marks are based on the latest version before the due date.
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{{RoundBoxBottom}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{collapse top|Simple example}}
==Simple example==
See also [[#Detailed example|detailed example]]
&lt;pre&gt;
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-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 04:42, 17 August 2025 (UTC)
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==Detailed example==
Example use of the template which includes commonly used feedback comments:
&lt;small&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;pre&gt;
&lt;!-- Official topic development feedback --&gt;
{{METF/2026
|1=
&lt;!-- Title --&gt;
# Title and subtitle are correctly worded and use [[w:Letter case#Sentence casing|sentence casing]]
# Title and/or subtitle not correctly worded and/or didn't use [[w:Letter case#Sentence casing|sentence casing]] (fixed)
# User name removed from the page; for authorship see [[Special:History/{{PAGENAME}}|the page's edit history]]
|2=
&lt;!-- Headings --&gt;
# See earlier comment about [[#heading casing|heading casing]]
&lt;!-- Heading structure --&gt;
&lt;!-- 2-level --&gt;
# Excellent – Well developed [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|2-level heading structure]]. Meaningful headings clearly relate directly to the core topic.
# Clear [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|2-level heading structure]]
# Promising [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|2-level heading structure]] – could benefit from further development and/or refinement
# Basic [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|2-level heading structure]] – could benefit from further development (expand)
&lt;!-- 1-level --&gt;
# Promising [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|1-level heading structure]] – could benefit from further development (e.g., consider using subheadings)
# Basic, [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|1-level heading structure]] – could benefit from further development, perhaps using a 2-level structure (i.e., use subheadings)
# Under-developed, [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|1-level heading structure]] – develop further, perhaps using a 2-level structure for larger section(s) (i.e., including subheadings)
&lt;!-- 3-level --&gt;
# Overly complicated[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|3-level heading structure]] – consider simplifying
&lt;!-- Conceptual --&gt;
# Messy heading structure – needs work (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
# The headings lack sufficient incision into, and exposition of, the topic
# Revise heading structure to place less emphasis on background concepts and more emphasis on the target topic (i.e., address the sub-title). The draft headings place too much emphasis on background concepts and too little on the relationship between the concepts.
# A dedicated section on research is probably not needed because (a) the chapter should focus on synthesising theory and research (so, integrate research throughout) and real-life applications
&lt;!-- Other ---&gt;
# Aim for 3 to 6 top-level headings between the Overview and Conclusion, with 3 to 5 sub-headings for large sections
# Use default heading formatting (i.e., avoid additional formatting such as bold, italics, underline, changing the size etc.)
# Avoid having sections with only 1 sub-heading – use 0 or 2+ sub-headings
# Check grammar (e.g,. missing question mark)
&lt;!-- Remove --&gt;
# Remove sub-headings in the Overview and/or Conclusion
# Remove &quot;Introduction&quot; heading – provide this information in Overview or move into subsequent sections
# Remove definition(s) headings; cover this in the Overview and/or subsequent sections with embedded inter-wiki link(s) to further information
# Remove case study/scenario headings; instead embed the case study/scenario(s) within relevant section(s)
# Remove quiz headings; instead embed quiz question(s) within relevant section(s)
# Remove numbers from headings
# Remove [[wikt:acronym#Noun|acronym]]s from headings
# Remove citations from headings
&lt;!-- Alignment with focus questions --&gt;
# Excellent alignment between sub-title, focus questions, and heading structure
# Very good alignment between sub-title, focus questions, and heading structure, but there may be room for improvement
# Good alignment between sub-title, focus questions, and heading structure, but there is room for improvement
# Reasonably good alignment between focus questions and heading structure, but aim for closer alignment
# Basic alignment between between sub-title, focus questions, and top-level headings. Aim to improve.
# Develop closer alignment between sub-title, focus questions, and top-level headings
# Insufficient alignment between sub-title, focus questions, and top-level headings
&lt;!-- GenAI ---&gt;
# Are the headings based on [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI content]]? If so, this needs to be acknowledged in the edit summaries, otherwise it violates academic integrity.
|3=
&lt;!-- Overview--&gt;
# Excellent – Scenario, image, evocative description of the problem/topic, and focus questions
# Very good
# Good
# Basic
# Insufficient
# Hasn't been developed – Needs scenario, image, evocative description of the problem/topic, and focus questions
&lt;!-- GenAI ---&gt;
# Does this section include [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI content]]? If so, it needs to be acknowledged as such in the edit summaries, otherwise it violates academic integrity.
&lt;!-- Scenario --&gt;
# An engaging scenario with a relevant image is planned or presented in a feature box at start of the Overview
# A scenario or case study is presented in a feature box with an image at the start of this section
# A scenario or case study is presented in a feature box at the start of this section
# Promising scenario; would benefit from further development to make it more compelling and illustrative
# The scenario is promising, but adapt it to make it more relatable to a wider international audience; university students represent only around 3% of the world's population
# I moved an image into the feature box to help attract reader interest
# Choose an image that illustrates the scenario. Move theoretical diagrams into a subsequent section.
# Add an image to the scenario to help attract reader interest
# Put the scenario or case study into a feature box at the start of this section (fixed)
# Make the scenario concrete and down-to-earth, using a realistic real-world example of the target psychological phenomenon rather than an abstract description.
# Make the relevance of the scenario to the topic more clear. It should be obvious to a reader how the scenario illustrates the topic (i.e., the sub-title question). Revise the scenario to make this connection more explicit.
# Add a scenario or case study in a feature box (with an image) at the start of this section to help engage reader interest
&lt;!-- Description --&gt;
# A clear description of the problem/topic is planned or presented
# A promising description of the problem/topic is planned or presented
# A basic description of the problem/topic is planned or presented
# What are the most relevant psychological theories?
# Briefly overview the main theoretical perspectives relevant to the topic
# Introduce topic using plain English; most citations can be moved into subsequent setions
# Simplify/abbreviate the description of the problem/topic. Move detail into subsequent sections.
# Add a brief, evocative description of the problem/topic
&lt;!-- Style --&gt;
# Use present, rather than future, tense
# Use 3rd person point of view for main body text (except 1st/2nd person point of view can work within feature boxes for scenarios)
&lt;!-- Focus questions --&gt;
&lt;!-- Alignment and quality --&gt;
# The focus questions are well aligned with the sub-title and top-level headings
# Reasonably good alignment between focus questions and top-level headings, but consider closer alignment
# Develop closer alignment between the sub-title, focus questions, and top-level headings
# Promising focus questions
# There is no need for a question dedicated to research; instead, integrate covered of research throughout
# There are too many focus questions; only include questions that are needed to address the sub-title; avoid side-quests—these are usually better treated as examples or scenarios, or left out altogether so that the chapter can concentrate on the core task of synthesising the best psychological theory and research about the topic.
&lt;!-- Other --&gt;
# Use open- rather then close-ended focus questions
# Use single- rather than double-barrelled focus questions
# Use bullet-points (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
# Present focus questions in a feature box at the end of this section
|4=
&lt;!-- Key points--&gt;
&lt;!-- Overall --&gt;
# Excellent – key points are well developed for each section
# Solid development
# Promising development
# Highlight the most relevant theories and synthesise the best research on the topic
# Focus on providing an integrative review of the most relevant theories and research on the topic
# Overly broad/comprehensive; not sufficiently focused/targetted on the topic; this often occurs when genAI content is used by a prompter with insufficient background reading and understanding of the topic and/or insufficient revising and rewriting of genAI content
# Basic development
# Partial development
# Insufficient development
# No development
# Provide more detailed edit summaries
&lt;!-- Scope --&gt;
# The scope is excellent (i.e., not too little/narrow or too big/broad)
# The scope is about right, but it may be that all planned aspects cannot be reasonably covered within the book chapter word count; in that case, be selective and concentrate on key aspects that address the question in the sub-title
# It may be that all planned aspects cannot be reasonably covered within the book chapter word count, so be selective and concentrate on key aspects that address the question in the sub-title
# It is unlikely that all planned aspects can be reasonably covered within the book chapter word count, so be selective and concentrate on the most important aspects which address the question in the sub-title
# All planned aspects cannot reasonably be covered within the book chapter word count, so be selective and concentrate on the most important aspects which address the question in the sub-title
# ''Avoid providing too much background information''. Aim to briefly summarise general concepts and provide internal links to relevant book chapters and/or Wikipedia pages for further information. Focus most of the chapter on ''directly answering the core question(s)'' posed by the chapter sub-title.
&lt;!-- Writing style --&gt;
# The writing style is clear and easy to follow
# The writing style is generally clear but could be simplified or made more concise
# The writing style is difficult to follow (e.g., due to vagueness, complex wording, long sentences, long paragraphs, repetition, etc.)
# The writing style is typical of AI-generated material with minimal human oversight. See [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI content]] for guidance about ethical and professional practice.
&lt;!-- Theory and research --&gt;
# Good balance of theory and research
# Promising balance of theory and research
# Reasonably good coverage of theory; strive to balance the theoretical content with critical review of relevant research
# Balance theoretical content with critical synthesis of relevant research
# Too much theory. Not enough research. Strive for an integrated balance of the best psychological theory and research about this topic, with practical examples.
# Strive for an integrated balance of the best psychological theory and research about this topic, with practical examples.
# Select the best theories about this topic
# Select the best research about this topic
&lt;!-- Citations --&gt;
# Excellent use of citations
# Very good use of citations
# Good use of citations
# Promising use of citations
# Basic use of citations
# Insufficient use of citations
# Non-peer-reviewed sources should be moved to the &quot;External links&quot; section
# Tip: Rather than starting sentences with an author name and citation, start with the more interesting part (i.e., the substance) and put the citation at the end or mid-way through the sentence
&lt;!-- Citation style --&gt;
# Use [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations/basic-principles APA style 7th edition for citations] (e.g., do not include author initials)
# Use [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations/basic-principles APA style 7th edition for citations] with three or more authors (i.e., FirstAuthor et al., year)
&lt;!-- Other --&gt;
# For sections with sub-sections, provide key points for an overview paragraph prior to branching into the sub-headings
# Direct quotes need page numbers (APA style) – even better, express the idea in your own words
# Use correct capitalisation ([https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization APA style is a &quot;down&quot; style]) – [https://polishedpaper.com/blog/capitalization-apa-style more info]
# [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/punctuation/serial-comma APA style uses serial commas][[w:Serial comma|1]][https://www.buzzfeed.com/adamdavis/the-oxford-comma-is-extremely-important-and-everyone-should 2][https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gBx8ooDupXY 3] (1 min)
# Use [https://www.aresearchguide.com/write-in-third-person.html 3rd person perspective], although a case study or feature box could use 1st or 2nd person perspective
# Use [https://www.abc.net.au/education/learn-english/australian-vs-american-spelling/11244196 Australian spelling] (e.g., analyze → analyse; behavior → behaviour)
# Move references into the References section. Keep citations in the main body.
# Consider using [https://support.studiosity.com/en/articles/489263-writing-feedback-how-it-works Studiosity Writing Feedback+] via UCLearn or a similar writing-support service (e.g., Grammarly) to improve the quality of written expression and check for grammatical and spelling errors in the book chapter draft.
&lt;!-- GenAI ---&gt;
# Well done on acknowledging genAI use in the edit summary. Also share link(s) to the conversation, as per the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|using genAI guidelines]].
# Do these key points include [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI content]]? If so, this needs to be acknowledged in the edit summaries, otherwise it violates academic integrity.
&lt;!-- Conclusion --&gt;
# Conclusion is well developed
# Conclusion is well underway
# Conclusion is underway
# Conclusion is underdeveloped
# Conclusion hasn't been developed
# What are the practical, take-home messages? (address the focus questions)
|5=
&lt;!-- Figure --&gt;
# Excellent - Relevant figure(s) presented, captioned, and cited
# Relevant figure(s) are presented and captioned
# Relevant figure(s) are presented
# The relevance of the figure to the topic is unclear
# A relevant figure is not presented and cited (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
&lt;!-- Caption --&gt;
# Figure caption(s) provide(s) a clear, appropriately detailed description that is meaningfully connected with the main text
# Figure caption(s) provide(s) a reasonably clear description that is connected with the main text
# Figure caption(s) provide(s) a somewhat clear description that is connected with the main text, but could be improved
# Figure caption(s) could better explain how the image connects to key points being made in the main text
# Figure caption(s) should include '''Figure X'''. [bold] ... (fixed)
&lt;!-- Cite --&gt;
# Figure(s) are cited at least once in the main text
# Cite each figure at least once in the main text using APA style (e.g., see Figure 1)
&lt;!-- Size --&gt;
# Consider increasing image size(s) (especially if they have text) to make them easier to view
# Consider decreasing image size(s) to make them less dominant
&lt;!-- Creation --&gt;
# Well done on creating and uploading your own image! {{smile}}—this can also be listed on your user page as a social contribution
|6=
&lt;!-- Learning feature --&gt;
&lt;!-- Interwiki links ---&gt;
# Excellent in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] for first mention of key terms to [[w:|Wikipedia]] and/or [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]]
# Promising in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] for first mention of key terms to [[w:|Wikipedia]] and/or [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]]
# Two in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] for first mention of key terms to [[w:|Wikipedia]]. Also embed links to [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]].
# One in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki link]] for first mention of key term to [[w:|Wikipedia]]. Also embed links to [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]].
# Add in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] for first mention of key terms to [[w:|Wikipedia]] and/or [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]] (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
&lt;!-- Scenarios/examples/case studies --&gt;
# Excellent use of scenarios/examples/case studies
# Promising use of scenarios/examples/case studies
# Keep scenarios brief 
# Basic use of scenario/example/case study
# Placeholder use of scenarios/examples/case studies
# Make the relevance of the scenario to the topic more clear
# Consider incorporating additional scenarios, examples, or case studies to illustrate key concepts. These could build on the Overview scenario or introduce new real-world situations in the main body of the chapter to demonstrate how the concepts apply in practice.
&lt;!-- Quiz --&gt;
# Excellent use of quiz question(s)
# Promising use of quiz question(s)
# Place each quiz question in the most relevant section
# Focus the quiz question(s) on the take-home messages
# Placeholder use of quiz question(s)
# Consider including quiz question(s) about the take-home messages
&lt;!-- Tables --&gt;
# Excellent use of [[Motivation and emotion/Wikiversity/Tables|table(s)]]
# Promising use of [[Motivation and emotion/Wikiversity/Tables|table(s)]]
# Include acknowledgement (e.g., citation(s)) for sources of information presented in the table
# Use APA style for table captions
# Add table caption
# Cite each table at least once in the text
# Also consider using [[Motivation and emotion/Wikiversity/Tables|table(s)]] to summarise key information
|7=
&lt;!-- References --&gt;
&lt;!-- Overall --&gt;
# Excellent
# Very good
# Good
# Basic
# Insufficient
# To be developed
&lt;!-- Systematic reviews --&gt;
# Well done on identifying relevant systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses
# At least one relevant systematic review and/or meta-analysis has been identified
# What are the most relevant systematic reviews/meta-analyses about this topic?
&lt;!-- Move --&gt;
# Move Wikipedia links to the &quot;See also&quot; section
# Move non-academic / non-peer reviewed sources to the &quot;External links&quot; section
&lt;!-- Citations --&gt;
# All references need in-text citation
# All citations need to be in the References
# Only include references which have been accessed and read
&lt;!-- APA style --&gt;
# Check and correct [https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/reference-guide.pdf APA referencing style]:
## alphabetical order
## capitalisation
## [[Help:Wikitext quick reference|italicisation]]
## [https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/reference-guide.pdf doi formatting]
## make doi hyperlinks active (i.e., clickable)
## use dois where available instead of other links
## include hyperlinked dois
## page numbers should be separated by an en-dash (–) rather than a hyphen (-)
# A more thorough literature search is recommended. The goal is to identify and use the best academic theory and research about this topic.
# Use APA style or wiki referencing style, but not both (currently, a mixture of referencing styles is used
# Don't cite AI-generated content because it is unreliable and not peer-reviewed. Instead, follow the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|using genAI guidelines]] which include acknowledging and linking to genAI use in edit summaries, otherwise it is a violation of academic integrity.
|8=
&lt;!-- Resources --&gt;
&lt;!-- See also --&gt;
# See also
## Excellent
## Very good
## Good
## Basic
## One of two link types provided
### Also link to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|motivation and emotion book chapters]]
### Also link to relevant [[w:|Wikipedia]] pages
## Use bullet-points (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
## Use [[w:Letter case#Sentence casing|sentence casing]]
## Rename links so that they are more user friendly (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
## Include source in brackets after link (e.g., (Wikipedia) or (Book chapter, year) for Wikiversity book chapters)
## Use alphabetical order
## To be developed (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
## Link to the most relevant Wikiversity book chapters and Wikipedia resources about this topic
&lt;!-- External links --&gt;
# External links
## Excellent
## Very good
## Good
## Basic
## One of two required external links provided
## Move Wikipedia link(s) to the &quot;See also&quot; section
## Move academic sources into the &quot;References&quot; sections and provide in-text citation
## Only include links directly related to the sub-title
## Target an international audience; Australians only represent 0.33% of the world population
## Good choice of links, but poorly formatted (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
## Use bullet-points (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
## Use [[w:Letter case#Sentence casing|sentence casing]]
## Rename links so that they are more user friendly (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
## Include source in brackets after link
## Use alphabetical order
## To be developed (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
## Link to the most relevant external resources about this topic
|9=
&lt;!-- User page --&gt;
# Excellent
# Used effectively
# Very good
# Good
# Basic but effective
# Not created – see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]]
&lt;!-- Description about self --&gt;
# Excellent description about self provided
# Description about self provided
# Brief description about self – consider expanding
# Very brief description about self – consider expanding
# Add description about self
&lt;!-- Links to profile(s) --&gt;
# Link(s) provided to professional profile(s)
# Consider linking to your [https://portfolio.canberra.edu.au/ eportfolio] page and/or any other professional online profile or resume such as [https://www.linkedin.com/ LinkedIn]. This is not required, but it can be useful to interlink your professional networks.
&lt;!-- Link to book chapter --&gt;
# A link to the book chapter is provided
# Rename the link to the book chapter to make it more user-friendly (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
# Add link to book chapter
|10=
&lt;!-- Social contribution --&gt;
# Excellent – at least three different types of contributions with direct link(s) to evidence
# Good – two out of three types of contributions made with direct link(s) to evidence. The other type of contribution is making:
# One out of three types of contributions made with direct link(s) to evidence. The other types of contribution are making:
#* direct improvements to other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters (past or current)]]
#* comments on the [[Help:Talk page|talk page]]s of other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters (past or current)]]
#* posts about the unit or project on the {{Motivation and emotion/Canvas}} discussion forum
# To add direct links to evidence of Wikiversity edits or comments: view the page history, select the version of the page before and after your contributions, click &quot;compare selected revisions&quot;, and paste the comparison URL on your user page. For more info, see [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Making and summarising social contributions|Making and summarising social contributions]]. This was demonstrated in [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing#Social contributions|Tutorial 2]].
# Are these contributions based on AI-generated content? If so, please follow the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|using genAI guidelines]], otherwise it is a violation of academic integrity.
# Well done on creating and uploading your own image!
# Use a numbered list (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
# Descriptions of contributions could be more precise/accurate/detailed
# Add a brief summary of each contribution
# Remember to sign comments on talk pages
# None summarised on user page with direct link(s) to evidence (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing#Social contributions|Tutorial 2]]). Looking ahead to the book chapter, see [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Socialcontribution|social contributions]].
}}
~~~~
&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
gives
&lt;!-- Official topic development feedback --&gt;
{{METF/2026
|1=
&lt;!-- Title --&gt;
# Title and subtitle are correctly worded and use [[w:Letter case#Sentence casing|sentence casing]]
# Title and/or subtitle not correctly worded and/or didn't use [[w:Letter case#Sentence casing|sentence casing]] (fixed)
# User name removed from the page; for authorship see [[Special:History/{{PAGENAME}}|the page's edit history]]
|2=
&lt;!-- Headings --&gt;
# See earlier comment about [[#heading casing|heading casing]]
&lt;!-- Heading structure --&gt;
&lt;!-- 2-level --&gt;
# Excellent – Well developed [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|2-level heading structure]]. Meaningful headings clearly relate directly to the core topic.
# Clear [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|2-level heading structure]]
# Promising [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|2-level heading structure]] – could benefit from further development and/or refinement
# Basic [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|2-level heading structure]] – could benefit from further development (expand)
&lt;!-- 1-level --&gt;
# Promising [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|1-level heading structure]] – could benefit from further development (e.g., consider using subheadings)
# Basic, [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|1-level heading structure]] – could benefit from further development, perhaps using a 2-level structure (i.e., use subheadings)
# Under-developed, [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|1-level heading structure]] – develop further, perhaps using a 2-level structure for larger section(s) (i.e., including subheadings)
&lt;!-- 3-level --&gt;
# Overly complicated [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|3-level heading structure]] – consider simplifying
&lt;!-- Conceptual --&gt;
# Messy heading structure – needs work (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
# The headings lack sufficient incision into, and exposition of, the topic
# Revise heading structure to place less emphasis on background concepts and more emphasis on the target topic (i.e., address the sub-title). The draft headings place too much emphasis on background concepts and too little on the relationship between the concepts.
# A dedicated section on research is probably not needed because (a) the chapter should focus on synthesising theory and research (so, integrate research throughout) and real-life applications
&lt;!-- Other ---&gt;
# Aim for 3 to 6 top-level headings between the Overview and Conclusion, with 3 to 5 sub-headings for large sections
# Use default heading formatting (i.e., avoid additional formatting such as bold, italics, underline, changing the size etc.)
# Avoid having sections with only 1 sub-heading – use 0 or 2+ sub-headings
# Check grammar (e.g,. missing question mark)
&lt;!-- Remove --&gt;
# Remove sub-headings in the Overview and/or Conclusion
# Remove &quot;Introduction&quot; heading – provide this information in Overview or move into subsequent sections
# Remove definition(s) headings; cover this in the Overview and/or subsequent sections with embedded inter-wiki link(s) to further information
# Remove case study/scenario headings; instead embed the case study/scenario(s) within relevant section(s)
# Remove quiz headings; instead embed quiz question(s) within relevant section(s)
# Remove numbers from headings
# Remove [[wikt:acronym#Noun|acronym]]s from headings
# Remove citations from headings
&lt;!-- Alignment with focus questions --&gt;
# Excellent alignment between sub-title, focus questions, and heading structure
# Very good alignment between sub-title, focus questions, and heading structure, but there may be room for improvement
# Good alignment between sub-title, focus questions, and heading structure, but there is room for improvement
# Reasonably good alignment between focus questions and heading structure, but aim for closer alignment
# Basic alignment between between sub-title, focus questions, and top-level headings. Aim to improve.
# Develop closer alignment between sub-title, focus questions, and top-level headings
# Insufficient alignment between sub-title, focus questions, and top-level headings
&lt;!-- GenAI ---&gt;
# Are the headings based on [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI content]]? If so, this needs to be acknowledged in the edit summaries, otherwise it violates academic integrity.
|3=
&lt;!-- Overview--&gt;
# Excellent – Scenario, image, evocative description of the problem/topic, and focus questions
# Very good
# Good
# Basic
# Insufficient
# Hasn't been developed – Needs scenario, image, evocative description of the problem/topic, and focus questions
&lt;!-- GenAI ---&gt;
# Does this section include [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI content]]? If so, it needs to be acknowledged as such in the edit summaries, otherwise it violates academic integrity.
&lt;!-- Scenario --&gt;
# An engaging scenario with a relevant image is planned or presented in a feature box at start of the Overview
# A scenario or case study is presented in a feature box with an image at the start of this section
# A scenario or case study is presented in a feature box at the start of this section
# Promising scenario; would benefit from further development to make it more compelling and illustrative
# The scenario is promising, but adapt it to make it more relatable to a wider international audience; university students represent only around 3% of the world's population
# I moved an image into the feature box to help attract reader interest
# Choose an image that illustrates the scenario. Move theoretical diagrams into a subsequent section.
# Add an image to the scenario to help attract reader interest
# Put the scenario or case study into a feature box at the start of this section (fixed)
# Make the scenario concrete and down-to-earth, using a realistic real-world example of the target psychological phenomenon rather than an abstract description.
# Make the relevance of the scenario to the topic more clear. It should be obvious to a reader how the scenario illustrates the topic (i.e., the sub-title question). Revise the scenario to make this connection more explicit.
# Add a scenario or case study in a feature box (with an image) at the start of this section to help engage reader interest
&lt;!-- Description --&gt;
# A clear description of the problem/topic is planned or presented
# A promising description of the problem/topic is planned or presented
# A basic description of the problem/topic is planned or presented
# What are the most relevant psychological theories?
# Briefly overview the main theoretical perspectives relevant to the topic
# Introduce topic using plain English; most citations can be moved into subsequent setions
# Simplify/abbreviate the description of the problem/topic. Move detail into subsequent sections.
# Add a brief, evocative description of the problem/topic
&lt;!-- Style --&gt;
# Use present, rather than future, tense
# Use 3rd person point of view for main body text (except 1st/2nd person point of view can work within feature boxes for scenarios)
&lt;!-- Focus questions --&gt;
&lt;!-- Alignment and quality --&gt;
# The focus questions are well aligned with the sub-title and top-level headings
# Reasonably good alignment between focus questions and top-level headings, but consider closer alignment
# Develop closer alignment between the sub-title, focus questions, and top-level headings
# Promising focus questions
# There is no need for a question dedicated to research; instead, integrate covered of research throughout
# There are too many focus questions; only include questions that are needed to address the sub-title; avoid side-quests—these are usually better treated as examples or scenarios, or left out altogether so that the chapter can concentrate on the core task of synthesising the best psychological theory and research about the topic.
&lt;!-- Other --&gt;
# Use open- rather then close-ended focus questions
# Use single- rather than double-barrelled focus questions
# Use bullet-points (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
# Present focus questions in a feature box at the end of this section
|4=
&lt;!-- Key points--&gt;
&lt;!-- Overall --&gt;
# Excellent – key points are well developed for each section
# Solid development
# Promising development
# Highlight the most relevant theories and synthesise the best research on the topic
# Focus on providing an integrative review of the most relevant theories and research on the topic
# Overly broad/comprehensive; not sufficiently focused/targetted on the topic; this often occurs when genAI content is used by a prompter with insufficient background reading and understanding of the topic and/or insufficient revising and rewriting of genAI content
# Basic development
# Partial development
# Insufficient development
# No development
# Provide more detailed edit summaries
&lt;!-- Scope --&gt;
# The scope is excellent (i.e., not too little/narrow or too big/broad)
# The scope is about right, but it may be that all planned aspects cannot be reasonably covered within the book chapter word count; in that case, be selective and concentrate on key aspects that address the question in the sub-title
# It may be that all planned aspects cannot be reasonably covered within the book chapter word count, so be selective and concentrate on key aspects that address the question in the sub-title
# It is unlikely that all planned aspects can be reasonably covered within the book chapter word count, so be selective and concentrate on the most important aspects which address the question in the sub-title
# All planned aspects cannot reasonably be covered within the book chapter word count, so be selective and concentrate on the most important aspects which address the question in the sub-title
# ''Avoid providing too much background information''. Aim to briefly summarise general concepts and provide internal links to relevant book chapters and/or Wikipedia pages for further information. Focus most of the chapter on ''directly answering the core question(s)'' posed by the chapter sub-title.
&lt;!-- Writing style --&gt;
# The writing style is clear and easy to follow
# The writing style is generally clear but could be simplified or made more concise
# The writing style is difficult to follow (e.g., due to vagueness, complex wording, long sentences, long paragraphs, repetition, etc.)
# The writing style is typical of AI-generated material with minimal human oversight. See [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI content]] for guidance about ethical and professional practice.
&lt;!-- Theory and research --&gt;
# Good balance of theory and research
# Promising balance of theory and research
# Reasonably good coverage of theory; strive to balance the theoretical content with critical review of relevant research
# Balance theoretical content with critical synthesis of relevant research
# Too much theory. Not enough research. Strive for an integrated balance of the best psychological theory and research about this topic, with practical examples. 
# Strive for an integrated balance of the best psychological theory and research about this topic, with practical examples. 
# Select the best theories about this topic
# Select the best research about this topic
&lt;!-- Citations --&gt;
# Excellent use of citations
# Very good use of citations
# Good use of citations
# Promising use of citations
# Basic use of citations
# Insufficient use of citations
# Non-peer-reviewed sources should be moved to the &quot;External links&quot; section
# Tip: Rather than starting sentences with an author name and citation, start with the more interesting part (i.e., the substance) and put the citation at the end or mid-way through the sentence
&lt;!-- Citation style --&gt;
# Use [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations/basic-principles APA style 7th edition for citations] (e.g., do not include author initials)
# Use [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations/basic-principles APA style 7th edition for citations] with three or more authors (i.e., FirstAuthor et al., year)
&lt;!-- Other --&gt;
# For sections with sub-sections, provide key points for an overview paragraph prior to branching into the sub-headings
# Direct quotes need page numbers (APA style) – even better, express the idea in your own words
# Use correct capitalisation ([https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization APA style is a &quot;down&quot; style]) – [https://polishedpaper.com/blog/capitalization-apa-style more info]
# [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/punctuation/serial-comma APA style uses serial commas][[w:Serial comma|1]][https://www.buzzfeed.com/adamdavis/the-oxford-comma-is-extremely-important-and-everyone-should 2][https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gBx8ooDupXY 3] (1 min)
# Use [https://www.aresearchguide.com/write-in-third-person.html 3rd person perspective], although a case study or feature box could use 1st or 2nd person perspective
# Use [https://www.abc.net.au/education/learn-english/australian-vs-american-spelling/11244196 Australian spelling] (e.g., analyze → analyse; behavior → behaviour)
# Move references into the References section. Keep citations in the main body.
# Consider using [https://support.studiosity.com/en/articles/489263-writing-feedback-how-it-works Studiosity Writing Feedback+] via UCLearn or a similar writing-support service (e.g., Grammarly) to improve the quality of written expression and check for grammatical and spelling errors in the book chapter draft.
&lt;!-- GenAI ---&gt;
# Well done on acknowledging genAI use in the edit summary. Also share link(s) to the conversation, as per the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|using genAI guidelines]].
# Do these key points include [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI content]]? If so, this needs to be acknowledged in the edit summaries, otherwise it violates academic integrity.
&lt;!-- Conclusion --&gt;
# Conclusion is well developed
# Conclusion is well underway
# Conclusion is underway
# Conclusion is underdeveloped
# Conclusion hasn't been developed
# What are the practical, take-home messages? (address the focus questions)
|5=
&lt;!-- Figure --&gt;
# Excellent - Relevant figure(s) presented, captioned, and cited
# Relevant figure(s) are presented and captioned
# Relevant figure(s) are presented
# The relevance of the figure to the topic is unclear
# A relevant figure is not presented and cited (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
&lt;!-- Caption --&gt;
# Figure caption(s) provide(s) a clear, appropriately detailed description that is meaningfully connected with the main text
# Figure caption(s) provide(s) a reasonably clear description that is connected with the main text
# Figure caption(s) provide(s) a somewhat clear description that is connected with the main text, but could be improved
# Figure caption(s) could better explain how the image connects to key points being made in the main text
# Figure caption(s) should include '''Figure X'''. [bold] ... (fixed)
&lt;!-- Cite --&gt;
# Figure(s) are cited at least once in the main text
# Cite each figure at least once in the main text using APA style (e.g., see Figure 1)
&lt;!-- Size --&gt;
# Consider increasing image size(s) (especially if they have text) to make them easier to view
# Consider decreasing image size(s) to make them less dominant
&lt;!-- Creation --&gt;
# Well done on creating and uploading your own image! {{smile}}—this can also be listed on your user page as a social contribution
|6=
&lt;!-- Learning feature --&gt;
&lt;!-- Interwiki links ---&gt;
# Excellent in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] for first mention of key terms to [[w:|Wikipedia]] and/or [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]]
# Promising in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] for first mention of key terms to [[w:|Wikipedia]] and/or [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]]
# Two in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] for first mention of key terms to [[w:|Wikipedia]]. Also embed links to [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]].
# One in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki link]] for first mention of key term to [[w:|Wikipedia]]. Also embed links to [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]].
# Add in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] for first mention of key terms to [[w:|Wikipedia]] and/or [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]] (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
&lt;!-- Scenarios/examples/case studies --&gt;
# Excellent use of scenarios/examples/case studies
# Promising use of scenarios/examples/case studies
# Keep scenarios brief 
# Basic use of scenario/example/case study
# Placeholder use of scenarios/examples/case studies
Consider incorporating additional scenarios, examples, or case studies to illustrate key concepts. These could build on the Overview scenario or introduce new real-world situations in the main body of the chapter to demonstrate how the concepts apply in practice.
&lt;!-- Quiz --&gt;
# Excellent use of quiz question(s)
# Promising use of quiz question(s)
# Place each quiz question in the most relevant section
# Focus the quiz question(s) on the take-home messages
# Placeholder use of quiz question(s)
# Consider including quiz question(s) about the take-home messages
&lt;!-- Tables --&gt;
# Excellent use of [[Motivation and emotion/Wikiversity/Tables|table(s)]]
# Promising use of [[Motivation and emotion/Wikiversity/Tables|table(s)]]
# Include acknowledgement (e.g., citation(s)) for sources of information presented in the table
# Use APA style for table captions
# Add table caption
# Cite each table at least once in the text
# Also consider using [[Motivation and emotion/Wikiversity/Tables|table(s)]] to summarise key information
|7=
&lt;!-- References --&gt;
&lt;!-- Overall --&gt;
# Excellent
# Very good
# Good
# Basic
# Insufficient
# To be developed
&lt;!-- Systematic reviews --&gt;
# Well done on identifying relevant systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses
# At least one relevant systematic review and/or meta-analysis has been identified
# What are the most relevant systematic reviews/meta-analyses about this topic?
&lt;!-- Move --&gt;
# Move Wikipedia links to the &quot;See also&quot; section
# Move non-academic / non-peer reviewed sources to the &quot;External links&quot; section
&lt;!-- Citations --&gt;
# All references need in-text citation
# All citations need to be in the References
# Only include references which have been accessed and read
&lt;!-- APA style --&gt;
# Check and correct [https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/reference-guide.pdf APA referencing style]:
## alphabetical order
## capitalisation
## [[Help:Wikitext quick reference|italicisation]]
## [https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/reference-guide.pdf doi formatting]
## make doi hyperlinks active (i.e., clickable)
## use dois where available instead of other links
## include hyperlinked dois
## page numbers should be separated by an en-dash (–) rather than a hyphen (-)
# A more thorough literature search is recommended. The goal is to identify and use the best academic theory and research about this topic.
# Use APA style or wiki referencing style, but not both (currently, a mixture of referencing styles is used
# Don't cite AI-generated content because it is unreliable and not peer-reviewed. Instead, follow the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|using genAI guidelines]] which include acknowledging and linking to genAI use in edit summaries, otherwise it is a violation of academic integrity.
|8=
&lt;!-- Resources --&gt;
&lt;!-- See also --&gt;
# See also
## Excellent
## Very good
## Good
## Basic
## One of two link types provided
### Also link to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|motivation and emotion book chapters]]
### Also link to relevant [[w:|Wikipedia]] pages
## Use bullet-points (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
## Use [[w:Letter case#Sentence casing|sentence casing]]
## Rename links so that they are more user friendly (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
## Include source in brackets after link (e.g., (Wikipedia) or (Book chapter, year) for Wikiversity book chapters)
## Use alphabetical order
## To be developed (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
## Link to the most relevant Wikiversity book chapters and Wikipedia resources about this topic
&lt;!-- External links --&gt;
# External links
## Excellent
## Very good
## Good
## Basic
## One of two required external links provided
## Move Wikipedia link(s) to the &quot;See also&quot; section
## Move academic sources into the &quot;References&quot; sections and provide in-text citation
## Only include links directly related to the sub-title
## Target an international audience; Australians only represent 0.33% of the world population
## Good choice of links, but poorly formatted (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
## Use bullet-points (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
## Use [[w:Letter case#Sentence casing|sentence casing]]
## Rename links so that they are more user friendly (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
## Include source in brackets after link
## Use alphabetical order
## To be developed (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
## Link to the most relevant external resources about this topic
|9=
&lt;!-- User page --&gt;
# Excellent
# Used effectively
# Very good
# Good
# Basic but effective
# Not created – see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]]
&lt;!-- Description about self --&gt;
# Excellent description about self provided
# Description about self provided
# Brief description about self – consider expanding
# Very brief description about self – consider expanding
# Add description about self
&lt;!-- Links to profile(s) --&gt;
# Link(s) provided to professional profile(s)
# Consider linking to your [https://portfolio.canberra.edu.au/ eportfolio] page and/or any other professional online profile or resume such as [https://www.linkedin.com/ LinkedIn]. This is not required, but it can be useful to interlink your professional networks.
&lt;!-- Link to book chapter --&gt;
# A link to the book chapter is provided
# Rename the link to the book chapter to make it more user-friendly (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
# Add link to book chapter
|10=
&lt;!-- Social contribution --&gt;
# Excellent – at least three different types of contributions with direct link(s) to evidence
# Good – two out of three types of contributions made with direct link(s) to evidence. The other type of contribution is making:
# One out of three types of contributions made with direct link(s) to evidence. The other types of contribution are making:
#* direct improvements to other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters (past or current)]]
#* comments on the [[Help:Talk page|talk page]]s of other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters (past or current)]]
#* posts about the unit or project on the {{Motivation and emotion/Canvas}} discussion forum
# To add direct links to evidence of Wikiversity edits or comments: view the page history, select the version of the page before and after your contributions, click &quot;compare selected revisions&quot;, and paste the comparison URL on your user page. For more info, see [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Making and summarising social contributions|Making and summarising social contributions]]. This was demonstrated in [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing#Social contributions|Tutorial 2]].
# Are these contributions based on AI-generated content? If so, please follow the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|using genAI guidelines]], otherwise it is a violation of academic integrity.
# Well done on creating and uploading your own image!
# Use a numbered list (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
# Descriptions of contributions could be more precise/accurate/detailed
# Add a brief summary of each contribution
# Remember to sign comments on talk pages
# None summarised on user page with direct link(s) to evidence (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing#Social contributions|Tutorial 2]]). Looking ahead to the book chapter, see [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Socialcontribution|social contributions]].
}}
-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 08:58, 26 August 2026 (UTC)

==See also==
* [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Topic|Topic development guidelines]]
* [[Template:MEBF]]
* [[Template:MEMF]]

[[Category:Motivation and emotion/Admin/2026]]
[[Category:Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Topic]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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    </revision>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment># Provide an internal link to the book chapter as shown in [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]]</comment>
      <origin>2833303</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="53031" sha1="qmw3of8vifu1vr6odv81lzi9uap0lh6" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;{{note|Feedback [[wikiversity:FAQ/Template|template]] for the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Topic|topic development]] exercise for [[motivation and emotion]].&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[Help:Transclusion|Transclude]] on a chapter [[Help:Talk page|talk page]].}}
__NOTOC__&lt;/noinclude&gt;&lt;includeonly&gt;
==Topic development feedback==
{{RoundBoxTop|theme=8}}
The [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Topic|topic development]] has been reviewed according to the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Topic#Marking criteria|marking criteria]]. Written feedback is provided below, plus see the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Topic/Feedback|general feedback]] page. Also check the [[Special:History/{{PAGENAME}}|page history]] for changes made whilst reviewing the plan. If you don't understand the feedback or would like further information, [[Motivation and emotion/Staff|get in touch]] to discuss. Marks are available via {{Motivation and emotion/Canvas}}. Marks are based on the latest version before the due date.
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===1. [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Topic#Title|Title]]===
{{{1|No comment}}}
===2. [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Topic#Headings|Headings]]===
{{{2|No comment}}}
===3. [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Topic#Headings|Overview]]===
{{{3|No comment}}}
===4. [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Topic#Key points|Key points]]===
{{{4|No comment}}}
===5. [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Topic#Figure|Figure]]===
{{{5|No comment}}}
===6. [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Topic#Learning feature|Learning feature]]===
{{{6|No comment}}}
===7. [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Topic#References|References]]===
{{{7|No comment}}}
===8. [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Topic#Resources|Resources]]===
{{{8|No comment}}}
===9. [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Topic#User page|User page]]===
{{{9|No comment}}}
===10. [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Topic#Social contribution|Social contribution]]===
{{{10|No comment}}}
{{RoundBoxBottom}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{collapse top|Simple example}}
==Simple example==
See also [[#Detailed example|detailed example]]
&lt;pre&gt;
&lt;!-- Official topic development feedback --&gt;
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&lt;!-- Key points--&gt;
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&lt;!-- Figure --&gt;
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&lt;!-- Learning feature --&gt;
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|7=
&lt;!-- References --&gt;
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&lt;!-- User page --&gt;
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&lt;!-- Social contribution --&gt;
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-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 04:42, 17 August 2025 (UTC)
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==Detailed example==
Example use of the template which includes commonly used feedback comments:
&lt;small&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;pre&gt;
&lt;!-- Official topic development feedback --&gt;
{{METF/2026
|1=
&lt;!-- Title --&gt;
# Title and subtitle are correctly worded and use [[w:Letter case#Sentence casing|sentence casing]]
# Title and/or subtitle not correctly worded and/or didn't use [[w:Letter case#Sentence casing|sentence casing]] (fixed)
# User name removed from the page; for authorship see [[Special:History/{{PAGENAME}}|the page's edit history]]
|2=
&lt;!-- Headings --&gt;
# See earlier comment about [[#heading casing|heading casing]]
&lt;!-- Heading structure --&gt;
&lt;!-- 2-level --&gt;
# Excellent – Well developed [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|2-level heading structure]]. Meaningful headings clearly relate directly to the core topic.
# Clear [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|2-level heading structure]]
# Promising [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|2-level heading structure]] – could benefit from further development and/or refinement
# Basic [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|2-level heading structure]] – could benefit from further development (expand)
&lt;!-- 1-level --&gt;
# Promising [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|1-level heading structure]] – could benefit from further development (e.g., consider using subheadings)
# Basic, [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|1-level heading structure]] – could benefit from further development, perhaps using a 2-level structure (i.e., use subheadings)
# Under-developed, [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|1-level heading structure]] – develop further, perhaps using a 2-level structure for larger section(s) (i.e., including subheadings)
&lt;!-- 3-level --&gt;
# Overly complicated[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|3-level heading structure]] – consider simplifying
&lt;!-- Conceptual --&gt;
# Messy heading structure – needs work (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
# The headings lack sufficient incision into, and exposition of, the topic
# Revise heading structure to place less emphasis on background concepts and more emphasis on the target topic (i.e., address the sub-title). The draft headings place too much emphasis on background concepts and too little on the relationship between the concepts.
# A dedicated section on research is probably not needed because (a) the chapter should focus on synthesising theory and research (so, integrate research throughout) and real-life applications
&lt;!-- Other ---&gt;
# Aim for 3 to 6 top-level headings between the Overview and Conclusion, with 3 to 5 sub-headings for large sections
# Use default heading formatting (i.e., avoid additional formatting such as bold, italics, underline, changing the size etc.)
# Avoid having sections with only 1 sub-heading – use 0 or 2+ sub-headings
# Check grammar (e.g,. missing question mark)
&lt;!-- Remove --&gt;
# Remove sub-headings in the Overview and/or Conclusion
# Remove &quot;Introduction&quot; heading – provide this information in Overview or move into subsequent sections
# Remove definition(s) headings; cover this in the Overview and/or subsequent sections with embedded inter-wiki link(s) to further information
# Remove case study/scenario headings; instead embed the case study/scenario(s) within relevant section(s)
# Remove quiz headings; instead embed quiz question(s) within relevant section(s)
# Remove numbers from headings
# Remove [[wikt:acronym#Noun|acronym]]s from headings
# Remove citations from headings
&lt;!-- Alignment with focus questions --&gt;
# Excellent alignment between sub-title, focus questions, and heading structure
# Very good alignment between sub-title, focus questions, and heading structure, but there may be room for improvement
# Good alignment between sub-title, focus questions, and heading structure, but there is room for improvement
# Reasonably good alignment between focus questions and heading structure, but aim for closer alignment
# Basic alignment between between sub-title, focus questions, and top-level headings. Aim to improve.
# Develop closer alignment between sub-title, focus questions, and top-level headings
# Insufficient alignment between sub-title, focus questions, and top-level headings
&lt;!-- GenAI ---&gt;
# Are the headings based on [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI content]]? If so, this needs to be acknowledged in the edit summaries, otherwise it violates academic integrity.
|3=
&lt;!-- Overview--&gt;
# Excellent – Scenario, image, evocative description of the problem/topic, and focus questions
# Very good
# Good
# Basic
# Insufficient
# Hasn't been developed – Needs scenario, image, evocative description of the problem/topic, and focus questions
&lt;!-- GenAI ---&gt;
# Does this section include [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI content]]? If so, it needs to be acknowledged as such in the edit summaries, otherwise it violates academic integrity.
&lt;!-- Scenario --&gt;
# An engaging scenario with a relevant image is planned or presented in a feature box at start of the Overview
# A scenario or case study is presented in a feature box with an image at the start of this section
# A scenario or case study is presented in a feature box at the start of this section
# Promising scenario; would benefit from further development to make it more compelling and illustrative
# The scenario is promising, but adapt it to make it more relatable to a wider international audience; university students represent only around 3% of the world's population
# I moved an image into the feature box to help attract reader interest
# Choose an image that illustrates the scenario. Move theoretical diagrams into a subsequent section.
# Add an image to the scenario to help attract reader interest
# Put the scenario or case study into a feature box at the start of this section (fixed)
# Make the scenario concrete and down-to-earth, using a realistic real-world example of the target psychological phenomenon rather than an abstract description.
# Make the relevance of the scenario to the topic more clear. It should be obvious to a reader how the scenario illustrates the topic (i.e., the sub-title question). Revise the scenario to make this connection more explicit.
# Add a scenario or case study in a feature box (with an image) at the start of this section to help engage reader interest
&lt;!-- Description --&gt;
# A clear description of the problem/topic is planned or presented
# A promising description of the problem/topic is planned or presented
# A basic description of the problem/topic is planned or presented
# What are the most relevant psychological theories?
# Briefly overview the main theoretical perspectives relevant to the topic
# Introduce topic using plain English; most citations can be moved into subsequent setions
# Simplify/abbreviate the description of the problem/topic. Move detail into subsequent sections.
# Add a brief, evocative description of the problem/topic
&lt;!-- Style --&gt;
# Use present, rather than future, tense
# Use 3rd person point of view for main body text (except 1st/2nd person point of view can work within feature boxes for scenarios)
&lt;!-- Focus questions --&gt;
&lt;!-- Alignment and quality --&gt;
# The focus questions are well aligned with the sub-title and top-level headings
# Reasonably good alignment between focus questions and top-level headings, but consider closer alignment
# Develop closer alignment between the sub-title, focus questions, and top-level headings
# Promising focus questions
# There is no need for a question dedicated to research; instead, integrate covered of research throughout
# There are too many focus questions; only include questions that are needed to address the sub-title; avoid side-quests—these are usually better treated as examples or scenarios, or left out altogether so that the chapter can concentrate on the core task of synthesising the best psychological theory and research about the topic.
&lt;!-- Other --&gt;
# Use open- rather then close-ended focus questions
# Use single- rather than double-barrelled focus questions
# Use bullet-points (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
# Present focus questions in a feature box at the end of this section
|4=
&lt;!-- Key points--&gt;
&lt;!-- Overall --&gt;
# Excellent – key points are well developed for each section
# Solid development
# Promising development
# Highlight the most relevant theories and synthesise the best research on the topic
# Focus on providing an integrative review of the most relevant theories and research on the topic
# Overly broad/comprehensive; not sufficiently focused/targetted on the topic; this often occurs when genAI content is used by a prompter with insufficient background reading and understanding of the topic and/or insufficient revising and rewriting of genAI content
# Basic development
# Partial development
# Insufficient development
# No development
# Provide more detailed edit summaries
&lt;!-- Scope --&gt;
# The scope is excellent (i.e., not too little/narrow or too big/broad)
# The scope is about right, but it may be that all planned aspects cannot be reasonably covered within the book chapter word count; in that case, be selective and concentrate on key aspects that address the question in the sub-title
# It may be that all planned aspects cannot be reasonably covered within the book chapter word count, so be selective and concentrate on key aspects that address the question in the sub-title
# It is unlikely that all planned aspects can be reasonably covered within the book chapter word count, so be selective and concentrate on the most important aspects which address the question in the sub-title
# All planned aspects cannot reasonably be covered within the book chapter word count, so be selective and concentrate on the most important aspects which address the question in the sub-title
# ''Avoid providing too much background information''. Aim to briefly summarise general concepts and provide internal links to relevant book chapters and/or Wikipedia pages for further information. Focus most of the chapter on ''directly answering the core question(s)'' posed by the chapter sub-title.
&lt;!-- Writing style --&gt;
# The writing style is clear and easy to follow
# The writing style is generally clear but could be simplified or made more concise
# The writing style is difficult to follow (e.g., due to vagueness, complex wording, long sentences, long paragraphs, repetition, etc.)
# The writing style is typical of AI-generated material with minimal human oversight. See [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI content]] for guidance about ethical and professional practice.
&lt;!-- Theory and research --&gt;
# Good balance of theory and research
# Promising balance of theory and research
# Reasonably good coverage of theory; strive to balance the theoretical content with critical review of relevant research
# Balance theoretical content with critical synthesis of relevant research
# Too much theory. Not enough research. Strive for an integrated balance of the best psychological theory and research about this topic, with practical examples.
# Strive for an integrated balance of the best psychological theory and research about this topic, with practical examples.
# Select the best theories about this topic
# Select the best research about this topic
&lt;!-- Citations --&gt;
# Excellent use of citations
# Very good use of citations
# Good use of citations
# Promising use of citations
# Basic use of citations
# Insufficient use of citations
# Non-peer-reviewed sources should be moved to the &quot;External links&quot; section
# Tip: Rather than starting sentences with an author name and citation, start with the more interesting part (i.e., the substance) and put the citation at the end or mid-way through the sentence
&lt;!-- Citation style --&gt;
# Use [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations/basic-principles APA style 7th edition for citations] (e.g., do not include author initials)
# Use [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations/basic-principles APA style 7th edition for citations] with three or more authors (i.e., FirstAuthor et al., year)
&lt;!-- Other --&gt;
# For sections with sub-sections, provide key points for an overview paragraph prior to branching into the sub-headings
# Direct quotes need page numbers (APA style) – even better, express the idea in your own words
# Use correct capitalisation ([https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization APA style is a &quot;down&quot; style]) – [https://polishedpaper.com/blog/capitalization-apa-style more info]
# [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/punctuation/serial-comma APA style uses serial commas][[w:Serial comma|1]][https://www.buzzfeed.com/adamdavis/the-oxford-comma-is-extremely-important-and-everyone-should 2][https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gBx8ooDupXY 3] (1 min)
# Use [https://www.aresearchguide.com/write-in-third-person.html 3rd person perspective], although a case study or feature box could use 1st or 2nd person perspective
# Use [https://www.abc.net.au/education/learn-english/australian-vs-american-spelling/11244196 Australian spelling] (e.g., analyze → analyse; behavior → behaviour)
# Move references into the References section. Keep citations in the main body.
# Consider using [https://support.studiosity.com/en/articles/489263-writing-feedback-how-it-works Studiosity Writing Feedback+] via UCLearn or a similar writing-support service (e.g., Grammarly) to improve the quality of written expression and check for grammatical and spelling errors in the book chapter draft.
&lt;!-- GenAI ---&gt;
# Well done on acknowledging genAI use in the edit summary. Also share link(s) to the conversation, as per the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|using genAI guidelines]].
# Do these key points include [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI content]]? If so, this needs to be acknowledged in the edit summaries, otherwise it violates academic integrity.
&lt;!-- Conclusion --&gt;
# Conclusion is well developed
# Conclusion is well underway
# Conclusion is underway
# Conclusion is underdeveloped
# Conclusion hasn't been developed
# What are the practical, take-home messages? (address the focus questions)
|5=
&lt;!-- Figure --&gt;
# Excellent - Relevant figure(s) presented, captioned, and cited
# Relevant figure(s) are presented and captioned
# Relevant figure(s) are presented
# The relevance of the figure to the topic is unclear
# A relevant figure is not presented and cited (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
&lt;!-- Caption --&gt;
# Figure caption(s) provide(s) a clear, appropriately detailed description that is meaningfully connected with the main text
# Figure caption(s) provide(s) a reasonably clear description that is connected with the main text
# Figure caption(s) provide(s) a somewhat clear description that is connected with the main text, but could be improved
# Figure caption(s) could better explain how the image connects to key points being made in the main text
# Figure caption(s) should include '''Figure X'''. [bold] ... (fixed)
&lt;!-- Cite --&gt;
# Figure(s) are cited at least once in the main text
# Cite each figure at least once in the main text using APA style (e.g., see Figure 1)
&lt;!-- Size --&gt;
# Consider increasing image size(s) (especially if they have text) to make them easier to view
# Consider decreasing image size(s) to make them less dominant
&lt;!-- Creation --&gt;
# Well done on creating and uploading your own image! {{smile}}—this can also be listed on your user page as a social contribution
|6=
&lt;!-- Learning feature --&gt;
&lt;!-- Interwiki links ---&gt;
# Excellent in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] for first mention of key terms to [[w:|Wikipedia]] and/or [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]]
# Promising in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] for first mention of key terms to [[w:|Wikipedia]] and/or [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]]
# Two in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] for first mention of key terms to [[w:|Wikipedia]]. Also embed links to [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]].
# One in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki link]] for first mention of key term to [[w:|Wikipedia]]. Also embed links to [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]].
# Add in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] for first mention of key terms to [[w:|Wikipedia]] and/or [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]] (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
&lt;!-- Scenarios/examples/case studies --&gt;
# Excellent use of scenarios/examples/case studies
# Promising use of scenarios/examples/case studies
# Keep scenarios brief 
# Basic use of scenario/example/case study
# Placeholder use of scenarios/examples/case studies
# Make the relevance of the scenario to the topic more clear
# Consider incorporating additional scenarios, examples, or case studies to illustrate key concepts. These could build on the Overview scenario or introduce new real-world situations in the main body of the chapter to demonstrate how the concepts apply in practice.
&lt;!-- Quiz --&gt;
# Excellent use of quiz question(s)
# Promising use of quiz question(s)
# Place each quiz question in the most relevant section
# Focus the quiz question(s) on the take-home messages
# Placeholder use of quiz question(s)
# Consider including quiz question(s) about the take-home messages
&lt;!-- Tables --&gt;
# Excellent use of [[Motivation and emotion/Wikiversity/Tables|table(s)]]
# Promising use of [[Motivation and emotion/Wikiversity/Tables|table(s)]]
# Include acknowledgement (e.g., citation(s)) for sources of information presented in the table
# Use APA style for table captions
# Add table caption
# Cite each table at least once in the text
# Also consider using [[Motivation and emotion/Wikiversity/Tables|table(s)]] to summarise key information
|7=
&lt;!-- References --&gt;
&lt;!-- Overall --&gt;
# Excellent
# Very good
# Good
# Basic
# Insufficient
# To be developed
&lt;!-- Systematic reviews --&gt;
# Well done on identifying relevant systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses
# At least one relevant systematic review and/or meta-analysis has been identified
# What are the most relevant systematic reviews/meta-analyses about this topic?
&lt;!-- Move --&gt;
# Move Wikipedia links to the &quot;See also&quot; section
# Move non-academic / non-peer reviewed sources to the &quot;External links&quot; section
&lt;!-- Citations --&gt;
# All references need in-text citation
# All citations need to be in the References
# Only include references which have been accessed and read
&lt;!-- APA style --&gt;
# Check and correct [https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/reference-guide.pdf APA referencing style]:
## alphabetical order
## capitalisation
## [[Help:Wikitext quick reference|italicisation]]
## [https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/reference-guide.pdf doi formatting]
## make doi hyperlinks active (i.e., clickable)
## use dois where available instead of other links
## include hyperlinked dois
## page numbers should be separated by an en-dash (–) rather than a hyphen (-)
# A more thorough literature search is recommended. The goal is to identify and use the best academic theory and research about this topic.
# Use APA style or wiki referencing style, but not both (currently, a mixture of referencing styles is used
# Don't cite AI-generated content because it is unreliable and not peer-reviewed. Instead, follow the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|using genAI guidelines]] which include acknowledging and linking to genAI use in edit summaries, otherwise it is a violation of academic integrity.
|8=
&lt;!-- Resources --&gt;
&lt;!-- See also --&gt;
# See also
## Excellent
## Very good
## Good
## Basic
## One of two link types provided
### Also link to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|motivation and emotion book chapters]]
### Also link to relevant [[w:|Wikipedia]] pages
## Use bullet-points (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
## Use [[w:Letter case#Sentence casing|sentence casing]]
## Rename links so that they are more user friendly (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
## Include source in brackets after link (e.g., (Wikipedia) or (Book chapter, year) for Wikiversity book chapters)
## Use alphabetical order
## To be developed (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
## Link to the most relevant Wikiversity book chapters and Wikipedia resources about this topic
&lt;!-- External links --&gt;
# External links
## Excellent
## Very good
## Good
## Basic
## One of two required external links provided
## Move Wikipedia link(s) to the &quot;See also&quot; section
## Move academic sources into the &quot;References&quot; sections and provide in-text citation
## Only include links directly related to the sub-title
## Target an international audience; Australians only represent 0.33% of the world population
## Good choice of links, but poorly formatted (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
## Use bullet-points (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
## Use [[w:Letter case#Sentence casing|sentence casing]]
## Rename links so that they are more user friendly (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
## Include source in brackets after link
## Use alphabetical order
## To be developed (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
## Link to the most relevant external resources about this topic
|9=
&lt;!-- User page --&gt;
# Excellent
# Used effectively
# Very good
# Good
# Basic but effective
# Not created – see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]]
&lt;!-- Description about self --&gt;
# Excellent description about self provided
# Description about self provided
# Brief description about self – consider expanding
# Very brief description about self – consider expanding
# Add description about self
&lt;!-- Links to profile(s) --&gt;
# Link(s) provided to professional profile(s)
# Consider linking to your [https://portfolio.canberra.edu.au/ eportfolio] page and/or any other professional online profile or resume such as [https://www.linkedin.com/ LinkedIn]. This is not required, but it can be useful to interlink your professional networks.
&lt;!-- Link to book chapter --&gt;
# A link to the book chapter is provided
# Provide an internal link to the book chapter as shown in [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]]
# Rename the link to the book chapter to make it more user-friendly (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
# Add link to book chapter
|10=
&lt;!-- Social contribution --&gt;
# Excellent – at least three different types of contributions with direct link(s) to evidence
# Good – two out of three types of contributions made with direct link(s) to evidence. The other type of contribution is making:
# One out of three types of contributions made with direct link(s) to evidence. The other types of contribution are making:
#* direct improvements to other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters (past or current)]]
#* comments on the [[Help:Talk page|talk page]]s of other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters (past or current)]]
#* posts about the unit or project on the {{Motivation and emotion/Canvas}} discussion forum
# To add direct links to evidence of Wikiversity edits or comments: view the page history, select the version of the page before and after your contributions, click &quot;compare selected revisions&quot;, and paste the comparison URL on your user page. For more info, see [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Making and summarising social contributions|Making and summarising social contributions]]. This was demonstrated in [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing#Social contributions|Tutorial 2]].
# Are these contributions based on AI-generated content? If so, please follow the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|using genAI guidelines]], otherwise it is a violation of academic integrity.
# Well done on creating and uploading your own image!
# Use a numbered list (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
# Descriptions of contributions could be more precise/accurate/detailed
# Add a brief summary of each contribution
# Remember to sign comments on talk pages
# None summarised on user page with direct link(s) to evidence (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing#Social contributions|Tutorial 2]]). Looking ahead to the book chapter, see [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Socialcontribution|social contributions]].
}}
~~~~
&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
gives
&lt;!-- Official topic development feedback --&gt;
{{METF/2026
|1=
&lt;!-- Title --&gt;
# Title and subtitle are correctly worded and use [[w:Letter case#Sentence casing|sentence casing]]
# Title and/or subtitle not correctly worded and/or didn't use [[w:Letter case#Sentence casing|sentence casing]] (fixed)
# User name removed from the page; for authorship see [[Special:History/{{PAGENAME}}|the page's edit history]]
|2=
&lt;!-- Headings --&gt;
# See earlier comment about [[#heading casing|heading casing]]
&lt;!-- Heading structure --&gt;
&lt;!-- 2-level --&gt;
# Excellent – Well developed [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|2-level heading structure]]. Meaningful headings clearly relate directly to the core topic.
# Clear [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|2-level heading structure]]
# Promising [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|2-level heading structure]] – could benefit from further development and/or refinement
# Basic [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|2-level heading structure]] – could benefit from further development (expand)
&lt;!-- 1-level --&gt;
# Promising [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|1-level heading structure]] – could benefit from further development (e.g., consider using subheadings)
# Basic, [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|1-level heading structure]] – could benefit from further development, perhaps using a 2-level structure (i.e., use subheadings)
# Under-developed, [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|1-level heading structure]] – develop further, perhaps using a 2-level structure for larger section(s) (i.e., including subheadings)
&lt;!-- 3-level --&gt;
# Overly complicated [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|3-level heading structure]] – consider simplifying
&lt;!-- Conceptual --&gt;
# Messy heading structure – needs work (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
# The headings lack sufficient incision into, and exposition of, the topic
# Revise heading structure to place less emphasis on background concepts and more emphasis on the target topic (i.e., address the sub-title). The draft headings place too much emphasis on background concepts and too little on the relationship between the concepts.
# A dedicated section on research is probably not needed because (a) the chapter should focus on synthesising theory and research (so, integrate research throughout) and real-life applications
&lt;!-- Other ---&gt;
# Aim for 3 to 6 top-level headings between the Overview and Conclusion, with 3 to 5 sub-headings for large sections
# Use default heading formatting (i.e., avoid additional formatting such as bold, italics, underline, changing the size etc.)
# Avoid having sections with only 1 sub-heading – use 0 or 2+ sub-headings
# Check grammar (e.g,. missing question mark)
&lt;!-- Remove --&gt;
# Remove sub-headings in the Overview and/or Conclusion
# Remove &quot;Introduction&quot; heading – provide this information in Overview or move into subsequent sections
# Remove definition(s) headings; cover this in the Overview and/or subsequent sections with embedded inter-wiki link(s) to further information
# Remove case study/scenario headings; instead embed the case study/scenario(s) within relevant section(s)
# Remove quiz headings; instead embed quiz question(s) within relevant section(s)
# Remove numbers from headings
# Remove [[wikt:acronym#Noun|acronym]]s from headings
# Remove citations from headings
&lt;!-- Alignment with focus questions --&gt;
# Excellent alignment between sub-title, focus questions, and heading structure
# Very good alignment between sub-title, focus questions, and heading structure, but there may be room for improvement
# Good alignment between sub-title, focus questions, and heading structure, but there is room for improvement
# Reasonably good alignment between focus questions and heading structure, but aim for closer alignment
# Basic alignment between between sub-title, focus questions, and top-level headings. Aim to improve.
# Develop closer alignment between sub-title, focus questions, and top-level headings
# Insufficient alignment between sub-title, focus questions, and top-level headings
&lt;!-- GenAI ---&gt;
# Are the headings based on [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI content]]? If so, this needs to be acknowledged in the edit summaries, otherwise it violates academic integrity.
|3=
&lt;!-- Overview--&gt;
# Excellent – Scenario, image, evocative description of the problem/topic, and focus questions
# Very good
# Good
# Basic
# Insufficient
# Hasn't been developed – Needs scenario, image, evocative description of the problem/topic, and focus questions
&lt;!-- GenAI ---&gt;
# Does this section include [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI content]]? If so, it needs to be acknowledged as such in the edit summaries, otherwise it violates academic integrity.
&lt;!-- Scenario --&gt;
# An engaging scenario with a relevant image is planned or presented in a feature box at start of the Overview
# A scenario or case study is presented in a feature box with an image at the start of this section
# A scenario or case study is presented in a feature box at the start of this section
# Promising scenario; would benefit from further development to make it more compelling and illustrative
# The scenario is promising, but adapt it to make it more relatable to a wider international audience; university students represent only around 3% of the world's population
# I moved an image into the feature box to help attract reader interest
# Choose an image that illustrates the scenario. Move theoretical diagrams into a subsequent section.
# Add an image to the scenario to help attract reader interest
# Put the scenario or case study into a feature box at the start of this section (fixed)
# Make the scenario concrete and down-to-earth, using a realistic real-world example of the target psychological phenomenon rather than an abstract description.
# Make the relevance of the scenario to the topic more clear. It should be obvious to a reader how the scenario illustrates the topic (i.e., the sub-title question). Revise the scenario to make this connection more explicit.
# Add a scenario or case study in a feature box (with an image) at the start of this section to help engage reader interest
&lt;!-- Description --&gt;
# A clear description of the problem/topic is planned or presented
# A promising description of the problem/topic is planned or presented
# A basic description of the problem/topic is planned or presented
# What are the most relevant psychological theories?
# Briefly overview the main theoretical perspectives relevant to the topic
# Introduce topic using plain English; most citations can be moved into subsequent setions
# Simplify/abbreviate the description of the problem/topic. Move detail into subsequent sections.
# Add a brief, evocative description of the problem/topic
&lt;!-- Style --&gt;
# Use present, rather than future, tense
# Use 3rd person point of view for main body text (except 1st/2nd person point of view can work within feature boxes for scenarios)
&lt;!-- Focus questions --&gt;
&lt;!-- Alignment and quality --&gt;
# The focus questions are well aligned with the sub-title and top-level headings
# Reasonably good alignment between focus questions and top-level headings, but consider closer alignment
# Develop closer alignment between the sub-title, focus questions, and top-level headings
# Promising focus questions
# There is no need for a question dedicated to research; instead, integrate covered of research throughout
# There are too many focus questions; only include questions that are needed to address the sub-title; avoid side-quests—these are usually better treated as examples or scenarios, or left out altogether so that the chapter can concentrate on the core task of synthesising the best psychological theory and research about the topic.
&lt;!-- Other --&gt;
# Use open- rather then close-ended focus questions
# Use single- rather than double-barrelled focus questions
# Use bullet-points (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
# Present focus questions in a feature box at the end of this section
|4=
&lt;!-- Key points--&gt;
&lt;!-- Overall --&gt;
# Excellent – key points are well developed for each section
# Solid development
# Promising development
# Highlight the most relevant theories and synthesise the best research on the topic
# Focus on providing an integrative review of the most relevant theories and research on the topic
# Overly broad/comprehensive; not sufficiently focused/targetted on the topic; this often occurs when genAI content is used by a prompter with insufficient background reading and understanding of the topic and/or insufficient revising and rewriting of genAI content
# Basic development
# Partial development
# Insufficient development
# No development
# Provide more detailed edit summaries
&lt;!-- Scope --&gt;
# The scope is excellent (i.e., not too little/narrow or too big/broad)
# The scope is about right, but it may be that all planned aspects cannot be reasonably covered within the book chapter word count; in that case, be selective and concentrate on key aspects that address the question in the sub-title
# It may be that all planned aspects cannot be reasonably covered within the book chapter word count, so be selective and concentrate on key aspects that address the question in the sub-title
# It is unlikely that all planned aspects can be reasonably covered within the book chapter word count, so be selective and concentrate on the most important aspects which address the question in the sub-title
# All planned aspects cannot reasonably be covered within the book chapter word count, so be selective and concentrate on the most important aspects which address the question in the sub-title
# ''Avoid providing too much background information''. Aim to briefly summarise general concepts and provide internal links to relevant book chapters and/or Wikipedia pages for further information. Focus most of the chapter on ''directly answering the core question(s)'' posed by the chapter sub-title.
&lt;!-- Writing style --&gt;
# The writing style is clear and easy to follow
# The writing style is generally clear but could be simplified or made more concise
# The writing style is difficult to follow (e.g., due to vagueness, complex wording, long sentences, long paragraphs, repetition, etc.)
# The writing style is typical of AI-generated material with minimal human oversight. See [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI content]] for guidance about ethical and professional practice.
&lt;!-- Theory and research --&gt;
# Good balance of theory and research
# Promising balance of theory and research
# Reasonably good coverage of theory; strive to balance the theoretical content with critical review of relevant research
# Balance theoretical content with critical synthesis of relevant research
# Too much theory. Not enough research. Strive for an integrated balance of the best psychological theory and research about this topic, with practical examples. 
# Strive for an integrated balance of the best psychological theory and research about this topic, with practical examples. 
# Select the best theories about this topic
# Select the best research about this topic
&lt;!-- Citations --&gt;
# Excellent use of citations
# Very good use of citations
# Good use of citations
# Promising use of citations
# Basic use of citations
# Insufficient use of citations
# Non-peer-reviewed sources should be moved to the &quot;External links&quot; section
# Tip: Rather than starting sentences with an author name and citation, start with the more interesting part (i.e., the substance) and put the citation at the end or mid-way through the sentence
&lt;!-- Citation style --&gt;
# Use [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations/basic-principles APA style 7th edition for citations] (e.g., do not include author initials)
# Use [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations/basic-principles APA style 7th edition for citations] with three or more authors (i.e., FirstAuthor et al., year)
&lt;!-- Other --&gt;
# For sections with sub-sections, provide key points for an overview paragraph prior to branching into the sub-headings
# Direct quotes need page numbers (APA style) – even better, express the idea in your own words
# Use correct capitalisation ([https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization APA style is a &quot;down&quot; style]) – [https://polishedpaper.com/blog/capitalization-apa-style more info]
# [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/punctuation/serial-comma APA style uses serial commas][[w:Serial comma|1]][https://www.buzzfeed.com/adamdavis/the-oxford-comma-is-extremely-important-and-everyone-should 2][https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gBx8ooDupXY 3] (1 min)
# Use [https://www.aresearchguide.com/write-in-third-person.html 3rd person perspective], although a case study or feature box could use 1st or 2nd person perspective
# Use [https://www.abc.net.au/education/learn-english/australian-vs-american-spelling/11244196 Australian spelling] (e.g., analyze → analyse; behavior → behaviour)
# Move references into the References section. Keep citations in the main body.
# Consider using [https://support.studiosity.com/en/articles/489263-writing-feedback-how-it-works Studiosity Writing Feedback+] via UCLearn or a similar writing-support service (e.g., Grammarly) to improve the quality of written expression and check for grammatical and spelling errors in the book chapter draft.
&lt;!-- GenAI ---&gt;
# Well done on acknowledging genAI use in the edit summary. Also share link(s) to the conversation, as per the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|using genAI guidelines]].
# Do these key points include [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI content]]? If so, this needs to be acknowledged in the edit summaries, otherwise it violates academic integrity.
&lt;!-- Conclusion --&gt;
# Conclusion is well developed
# Conclusion is well underway
# Conclusion is underway
# Conclusion is underdeveloped
# Conclusion hasn't been developed
# What are the practical, take-home messages? (address the focus questions)
|5=
&lt;!-- Figure --&gt;
# Excellent - Relevant figure(s) presented, captioned, and cited
# Relevant figure(s) are presented and captioned
# Relevant figure(s) are presented
# The relevance of the figure to the topic is unclear
# A relevant figure is not presented and cited (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
&lt;!-- Caption --&gt;
# Figure caption(s) provide(s) a clear, appropriately detailed description that is meaningfully connected with the main text
# Figure caption(s) provide(s) a reasonably clear description that is connected with the main text
# Figure caption(s) provide(s) a somewhat clear description that is connected with the main text, but could be improved
# Figure caption(s) could better explain how the image connects to key points being made in the main text
# Figure caption(s) should include '''Figure X'''. [bold] ... (fixed)
&lt;!-- Cite --&gt;
# Figure(s) are cited at least once in the main text
# Cite each figure at least once in the main text using APA style (e.g., see Figure 1)
&lt;!-- Size --&gt;
# Consider increasing image size(s) (especially if they have text) to make them easier to view
# Consider decreasing image size(s) to make them less dominant
&lt;!-- Creation --&gt;
# Well done on creating and uploading your own image! {{smile}}—this can also be listed on your user page as a social contribution
|6=
&lt;!-- Learning feature --&gt;
&lt;!-- Interwiki links ---&gt;
# Excellent in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] for first mention of key terms to [[w:|Wikipedia]] and/or [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]]
# Promising in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] for first mention of key terms to [[w:|Wikipedia]] and/or [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]]
# Two in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] for first mention of key terms to [[w:|Wikipedia]]. Also embed links to [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]].
# One in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki link]] for first mention of key term to [[w:|Wikipedia]]. Also embed links to [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]].
# Add in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] for first mention of key terms to [[w:|Wikipedia]] and/or [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]] (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
&lt;!-- Scenarios/examples/case studies --&gt;
# Excellent use of scenarios/examples/case studies
# Promising use of scenarios/examples/case studies
# Keep scenarios brief 
# Basic use of scenario/example/case study
# Placeholder use of scenarios/examples/case studies
Consider incorporating additional scenarios, examples, or case studies to illustrate key concepts. These could build on the Overview scenario or introduce new real-world situations in the main body of the chapter to demonstrate how the concepts apply in practice.
&lt;!-- Quiz --&gt;
# Excellent use of quiz question(s)
# Promising use of quiz question(s)
# Place each quiz question in the most relevant section
# Focus the quiz question(s) on the take-home messages
# Placeholder use of quiz question(s)
# Consider including quiz question(s) about the take-home messages
&lt;!-- Tables --&gt;
# Excellent use of [[Motivation and emotion/Wikiversity/Tables|table(s)]]
# Promising use of [[Motivation and emotion/Wikiversity/Tables|table(s)]]
# Include acknowledgement (e.g., citation(s)) for sources of information presented in the table
# Use APA style for table captions
# Add table caption
# Cite each table at least once in the text
# Also consider using [[Motivation and emotion/Wikiversity/Tables|table(s)]] to summarise key information
|7=
&lt;!-- References --&gt;
&lt;!-- Overall --&gt;
# Excellent
# Very good
# Good
# Basic
# Insufficient
# To be developed
&lt;!-- Systematic reviews --&gt;
# Well done on identifying relevant systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses
# At least one relevant systematic review and/or meta-analysis has been identified
# What are the most relevant systematic reviews/meta-analyses about this topic?
&lt;!-- Move --&gt;
# Move Wikipedia links to the &quot;See also&quot; section
# Move non-academic / non-peer reviewed sources to the &quot;External links&quot; section
&lt;!-- Citations --&gt;
# All references need in-text citation
# All citations need to be in the References
# Only include references which have been accessed and read
&lt;!-- APA style --&gt;
# Check and correct [https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/reference-guide.pdf APA referencing style]:
## alphabetical order
## capitalisation
## [[Help:Wikitext quick reference|italicisation]]
## [https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/reference-guide.pdf doi formatting]
## make doi hyperlinks active (i.e., clickable)
## use dois where available instead of other links
## include hyperlinked dois
## page numbers should be separated by an en-dash (–) rather than a hyphen (-)
# A more thorough literature search is recommended. The goal is to identify and use the best academic theory and research about this topic.
# Use APA style or wiki referencing style, but not both (currently, a mixture of referencing styles is used
# Don't cite AI-generated content because it is unreliable and not peer-reviewed. Instead, follow the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|using genAI guidelines]] which include acknowledging and linking to genAI use in edit summaries, otherwise it is a violation of academic integrity.
|8=
&lt;!-- Resources --&gt;
&lt;!-- See also --&gt;
# See also
## Excellent
## Very good
## Good
## Basic
## One of two link types provided
### Also link to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|motivation and emotion book chapters]]
### Also link to relevant [[w:|Wikipedia]] pages
## Use bullet-points (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
## Use [[w:Letter case#Sentence casing|sentence casing]]
## Rename links so that they are more user friendly (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
## Include source in brackets after link (e.g., (Wikipedia) or (Book chapter, year) for Wikiversity book chapters)
## Use alphabetical order
## To be developed (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
## Link to the most relevant Wikiversity book chapters and Wikipedia resources about this topic
&lt;!-- External links --&gt;
# External links
## Excellent
## Very good
## Good
## Basic
## One of two required external links provided
## Move Wikipedia link(s) to the &quot;See also&quot; section
## Move academic sources into the &quot;References&quot; sections and provide in-text citation
## Only include links directly related to the sub-title
## Target an international audience; Australians only represent 0.33% of the world population
## Good choice of links, but poorly formatted (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
## Use bullet-points (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
## Use [[w:Letter case#Sentence casing|sentence casing]]
## Rename links so that they are more user friendly (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
## Include source in brackets after link
## Use alphabetical order
## To be developed (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
## Link to the most relevant external resources about this topic
|9=
&lt;!-- User page --&gt;
# Excellent
# Used effectively
# Very good
# Good
# Basic but effective
# Not created – see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]]
&lt;!-- Description about self --&gt;
# Excellent description about self provided
# Description about self provided
# Brief description about self – consider expanding
# Very brief description about self – consider expanding
# Add description about self
&lt;!-- Links to profile(s) --&gt;
# Link(s) provided to professional profile(s)
# Consider linking to your [https://portfolio.canberra.edu.au/ eportfolio] page and/or any other professional online profile or resume such as [https://www.linkedin.com/ LinkedIn]. This is not required, but it can be useful to interlink your professional networks.
&lt;!-- Link to book chapter --&gt;
# A link to the book chapter is provided
# Provide an internal link to the book chapter as shown in [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]]
# Rename the link to the book chapter to make it more user-friendly (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
# Add link to book chapter
|10=
&lt;!-- Social contribution --&gt;
# Excellent – at least three different types of contributions with direct link(s) to evidence
# Good – two out of three types of contributions made with direct link(s) to evidence. The other type of contribution is making:
# One out of three types of contributions made with direct link(s) to evidence. The other types of contribution are making:
#* direct improvements to other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters (past or current)]]
#* comments on the [[Help:Talk page|talk page]]s of other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters (past or current)]]
#* posts about the unit or project on the {{Motivation and emotion/Canvas}} discussion forum
# To add direct links to evidence of Wikiversity edits or comments: view the page history, select the version of the page before and after your contributions, click &quot;compare selected revisions&quot;, and paste the comparison URL on your user page. For more info, see [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Making and summarising social contributions|Making and summarising social contributions]]. This was demonstrated in [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing#Social contributions|Tutorial 2]].
# Are these contributions based on AI-generated content? If so, please follow the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|using genAI guidelines]], otherwise it is a violation of academic integrity.
# Well done on creating and uploading your own image!
# Use a numbered list (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
# Descriptions of contributions could be more precise/accurate/detailed
# Add a brief summary of each contribution
# Remember to sign comments on talk pages
# None summarised on user page with direct link(s) to evidence (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing#Social contributions|Tutorial 2]]). Looking ahead to the book chapter, see [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Socialcontribution|social contributions]].
}}
-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 08:58, 26 August 2026 (UTC)

==See also==
* [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Topic|Topic development guidelines]]
* [[Template:MEBF]]
* [[Template:MEMF]]

[[Category:Motivation and emotion/Admin/2026]]
[[Category:Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Topic]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="53023" sha1="1qycw07yxejt32r3k9ibaxxgq2prbvu" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;{{note|Feedback [[wikiversity:FAQ/Template|template]] for the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Topic|topic development]] exercise for [[motivation and emotion]].&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[Help:Transclusion|Transclude]] on a chapter [[Help:Talk page|talk page]].}}
__NOTOC__&lt;/noinclude&gt;&lt;includeonly&gt;
==Topic development feedback==
{{RoundBoxTop|theme=8}}
The [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Topic|topic development]] has been reviewed according to the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Topic#Marking criteria|marking criteria]]. Written feedback is provided below, plus see the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Topic/Feedback|general feedback]] page. Also check the [[Special:History/{{PAGENAME}}|page history]] for changes made whilst reviewing the plan. If you don't understand the feedback or would like further information, [[Motivation and emotion/Staff|get in touch]] to discuss. Marks are available via {{Motivation and emotion/Canvas}}. Marks are based on the latest version before the due date.
{{RoundBoxBottom}}
{{RoundBoxTop|theme=9}}
[[File:Autoroute icone.svg|right|85px]]
===1. [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Topic#Title|Title]]===
{{{1|No comment}}}
===2. [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Topic#Headings|Headings]]===
{{{2|No comment}}}
===3. [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Topic#Headings|Overview]]===
{{{3|No comment}}}
===4. [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Topic#Key points|Key points]]===
{{{4|No comment}}}
===5. [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Topic#Figure|Figure]]===
{{{5|No comment}}}
===6. [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Topic#Learning feature|Learning feature]]===
{{{6|No comment}}}
===7. [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Topic#References|References]]===
{{{7|No comment}}}
===8. [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Topic#Resources|Resources]]===
{{{8|No comment}}}
===9. [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Topic#User page|User page]]===
{{{9|No comment}}}
===10. [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Topic#Social contribution|Social contribution]]===
{{{10|No comment}}}
{{RoundBoxBottom}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{collapse top|Simple example}}
==Simple example==
See also [[#Detailed example|detailed example]]
&lt;pre&gt;
&lt;!-- Official topic development feedback --&gt;
{{METF/2026
|1=
&lt;!-- Title --&gt;
#
|2=
&lt;!-- Headings --&gt;
#
|3=
&lt;!-- Overview --&gt;
#
|4=
&lt;!-- Key points--&gt;
#
|5=
&lt;!-- Figure --&gt;
#
|6=
&lt;!-- Learning feature --&gt;
#
|7=
&lt;!-- References --&gt;
#
|8=
&lt;!-- Resources --&gt;
#
|9=
&lt;!-- User page --&gt;
#
|10=
&lt;!-- Social contribution --&gt;
#
}}
~~~~
&lt;/pre&gt;
gives
&lt;!-- Official topic development feedback --&gt;
{{METF/2026
|1=
&lt;!-- Title --&gt;
#
|2=
&lt;!-- Headings --&gt;
#|3=
&lt;!-- Overview --&gt;
#
|4=
&lt;!-- Key points--&gt;
#
|5=
&lt;!-- Figure --&gt;
#
|6=
&lt;!-- Learning feature --&gt;
#
|7=
&lt;!-- References --&gt;
#
|8=
&lt;!-- Resources --&gt;
#
|9=
&lt;!-- User page --&gt;
#
|10=
&lt;!-- Social contribution --&gt;
#
}}
-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 04:42, 17 August 2025 (UTC)
{{Collapse bottom}}
==Detailed example==
Example use of the template which includes commonly used feedback comments:
&lt;small&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;pre&gt;
&lt;!-- Official topic development feedback --&gt;
{{METF/2026
|1=
&lt;!-- Title --&gt;
# Title and subtitle are correctly worded and use [[w:Letter case#Sentence casing|sentence casing]]
# Title and/or subtitle not correctly worded and/or didn't use [[w:Letter case#Sentence casing|sentence casing]] (fixed)
# User name removed from the page; for authorship see [[Special:History/{{PAGENAME}}|the page's edit history]]
|2=
&lt;!-- Headings --&gt;
# See earlier comment about [[#heading casing|heading casing]]
&lt;!-- Heading structure --&gt;
&lt;!-- 2-level --&gt;
# Excellent – Well developed [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|2-level heading structure]]. Meaningful headings clearly relate directly to the core topic.
# Clear [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|2-level heading structure]]
# Promising [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|2-level heading structure]] – could benefit from further development and/or refinement
# Basic [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|2-level heading structure]] – could benefit from further development (expand)
&lt;!-- 1-level --&gt;
# Promising [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|1-level heading structure]] – could benefit from further development (e.g., consider using subheadings)
# Basic, [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|1-level heading structure]] – could benefit from further development, perhaps using a 2-level structure (i.e., use subheadings)
# Under-developed, [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|1-level heading structure]] – develop further, perhaps using a 2-level structure for larger section(s) (i.e., including subheadings)
&lt;!-- 3-level --&gt;
# Overly complicated[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|3-level heading structure]] – consider simplifying
&lt;!-- Conceptual --&gt;
# Messy heading structure – needs work (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
# The headings lack sufficient incision into, and exposition of, the topic
# Revise heading structure to place less emphasis on background concepts and more emphasis on the target topic (i.e., address the sub-title). The draft headings place too much emphasis on background concepts and too little on the relationship between the concepts.
# Research is not needed as a separate section; instead, integrate and synthesise relevant research throughout the chapter alongside the theoretical perspectives and real-life applications
&lt;!-- Other ---&gt;
# Aim for 3 to 6 top-level headings between the Overview and Conclusion, with 3 to 5 sub-headings for large sections
# Use default heading formatting (i.e., avoid additional formatting such as bold, italics, underline, changing the size etc.)
# Avoid having sections with only 1 sub-heading – use 0 or 2+ sub-headings
# Check grammar (e.g,. missing question mark)
&lt;!-- Remove --&gt;
# Remove sub-headings in the Overview and/or Conclusion
# Remove &quot;Introduction&quot; heading – provide this information in Overview or move into subsequent sections
# Remove definition(s) headings; cover this in the Overview and/or subsequent sections with embedded inter-wiki link(s) to further information
# Remove case study/scenario headings; instead embed the case study/scenario(s) within relevant section(s)
# Remove quiz headings; instead embed quiz question(s) within relevant section(s)
# Remove numbers from headings
# Remove [[wikt:acronym#Noun|acronym]]s from headings
# Remove citations from headings
&lt;!-- Alignment with focus questions --&gt;
# Excellent alignment between sub-title, focus questions, and heading structure
# Very good alignment between sub-title, focus questions, and heading structure, but there may be room for improvement
# Good alignment between sub-title, focus questions, and heading structure, but there is room for improvement
# Reasonably good alignment between focus questions and heading structure, but aim for closer alignment
# Basic alignment between between sub-title, focus questions, and top-level headings. Aim to improve.
# Develop closer alignment between sub-title, focus questions, and top-level headings
# Insufficient alignment between sub-title, focus questions, and top-level headings
&lt;!-- GenAI ---&gt;
# Are the headings based on [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI content]]? If so, this needs to be acknowledged in the edit summaries, otherwise it violates academic integrity.
|3=
&lt;!-- Overview--&gt;
# Excellent – Scenario, image, evocative description of the problem/topic, and focus questions
# Very good
# Good
# Basic
# Insufficient
# Hasn't been developed – Needs scenario, image, evocative description of the problem/topic, and focus questions
&lt;!-- GenAI ---&gt;
# Does this section include [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI content]]? If so, it needs to be acknowledged as such in the edit summaries, otherwise it violates academic integrity.
&lt;!-- Scenario --&gt;
# An engaging scenario with a relevant image is planned or presented in a feature box at start of the Overview
# A scenario or case study is presented in a feature box with an image at the start of this section
# A scenario or case study is presented in a feature box at the start of this section
# Promising scenario; would benefit from further development to make it more compelling and illustrative
# The scenario is promising, but adapt it to make it more relatable to a wider international audience; university students represent only around 3% of the world's population
# I moved an image into the feature box to help attract reader interest
# Choose an image that illustrates the scenario. Move theoretical diagrams into a subsequent section.
# Add an image to the scenario to help attract reader interest
# Put the scenario or case study into a feature box at the start of this section (fixed)
# Make the scenario concrete and down-to-earth, using a realistic real-world example of the target psychological phenomenon rather than an abstract description.
# Make the relevance of the scenario to the topic more clear. It should be obvious to a reader how the scenario illustrates the topic (i.e., the sub-title question). Revise the scenario to make this connection more explicit.
# Add a scenario or case study in a feature box (with an image) at the start of this section to help engage reader interest
&lt;!-- Description --&gt;
# A clear description of the problem/topic is planned or presented
# A promising description of the problem/topic is planned or presented
# A basic description of the problem/topic is planned or presented
# What are the most relevant psychological theories?
# Briefly overview the main theoretical perspectives relevant to the topic
# Introduce topic using plain English; most citations can be moved into subsequent setions
# Simplify/abbreviate the description of the problem/topic. Move detail into subsequent sections.
# Add a brief, evocative description of the problem/topic
&lt;!-- Style --&gt;
# Use present, rather than future, tense
# Use 3rd person point of view for main body text (except 1st/2nd person point of view can work within feature boxes for scenarios)
&lt;!-- Focus questions --&gt;
&lt;!-- Alignment and quality --&gt;
# The focus questions are well aligned with the sub-title and top-level headings
# Reasonably good alignment between focus questions and top-level headings, but consider closer alignment
# Develop closer alignment between the sub-title, focus questions, and top-level headings
# Promising focus questions
# There is no need for a question dedicated to research; instead, integrate covered of research throughout
# There are too many focus questions; only include questions that are needed to address the sub-title; avoid side-quests—these are usually better treated as examples or scenarios, or left out altogether so that the chapter can concentrate on the core task of synthesising the best psychological theory and research about the topic.
&lt;!-- Other --&gt;
# Use open- rather then close-ended focus questions
# Use single- rather than double-barrelled focus questions
# Use bullet-points (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
# Present focus questions in a feature box at the end of this section
|4=
&lt;!-- Key points--&gt;
&lt;!-- Overall --&gt;
# Excellent – key points are well developed for each section
# Solid development
# Promising development
# Highlight the most relevant theories and synthesise the best research on the topic
# Focus on providing an integrative review of the most relevant theories and research on the topic
# Overly broad/comprehensive; not sufficiently focused/targetted on the topic; this often occurs when genAI content is used by a prompter with insufficient background reading and understanding of the topic and/or insufficient revising and rewriting of genAI content
# Basic development
# Partial development
# Insufficient development
# No development
# Provide more detailed edit summaries
&lt;!-- Scope --&gt;
# The scope is excellent (i.e., not too little/narrow or too big/broad)
# The scope is about right, but it may be that all planned aspects cannot be reasonably covered within the book chapter word count; in that case, be selective and concentrate on key aspects that address the question in the sub-title
# It may be that all planned aspects cannot be reasonably covered within the book chapter word count, so be selective and concentrate on key aspects that address the question in the sub-title
# It is unlikely that all planned aspects can be reasonably covered within the book chapter word count, so be selective and concentrate on the most important aspects which address the question in the sub-title
# All planned aspects cannot reasonably be covered within the book chapter word count, so be selective and concentrate on the most important aspects which address the question in the sub-title
# ''Avoid providing too much background information''. Aim to briefly summarise general concepts and provide internal links to relevant book chapters and/or Wikipedia pages for further information. Focus most of the chapter on ''directly answering the core question(s)'' posed by the chapter sub-title.
&lt;!-- Writing style --&gt;
# The writing style is clear and easy to follow
# The writing style is generally clear but could be simplified or made more concise
# The writing style is difficult to follow (e.g., due to vagueness, complex wording, long sentences, long paragraphs, repetition, etc.)
# The writing style is typical of AI-generated material with minimal human oversight. See [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI content]] for guidance about ethical and professional practice.
&lt;!-- Theory and research --&gt;
# Good balance of theory and research
# Promising balance of theory and research
# Reasonably good coverage of theory; strive to balance the theoretical content with critical review of relevant research
# Balance theoretical content with critical synthesis of relevant research
# Too much theory. Not enough research. Strive for an integrated balance of the best psychological theory and research about this topic, with practical examples.
# Strive for an integrated balance of the best psychological theory and research about this topic, with practical examples.
# Select the best theories about this topic
# Select the best research about this topic
&lt;!-- Citations --&gt;
# Excellent use of citations
# Very good use of citations
# Good use of citations
# Promising use of citations
# Basic use of citations
# Insufficient use of citations
# Non-peer-reviewed sources should be moved to the &quot;External links&quot; section
# Tip: Rather than starting sentences with an author name and citation, start with the more interesting part (i.e., the substance) and put the citation at the end or mid-way through the sentence
&lt;!-- Citation style --&gt;
# Use [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations/basic-principles APA style 7th edition for citations] (e.g., do not include author initials)
# Use [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations/basic-principles APA style 7th edition for citations] with three or more authors (i.e., FirstAuthor et al., year)
&lt;!-- Other --&gt;
# For sections with sub-sections, provide key points for an overview paragraph prior to branching into the sub-headings
# Direct quotes need page numbers (APA style) – even better, express the idea in your own words
# Use correct capitalisation ([https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization APA style is a &quot;down&quot; style]) – [https://polishedpaper.com/blog/capitalization-apa-style more info]
# [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/punctuation/serial-comma APA style uses serial commas][[w:Serial comma|1]][https://www.buzzfeed.com/adamdavis/the-oxford-comma-is-extremely-important-and-everyone-should 2][https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gBx8ooDupXY 3] (1 min)
# Use [https://www.aresearchguide.com/write-in-third-person.html 3rd person perspective], although a case study or feature box could use 1st or 2nd person perspective
# Use [https://www.abc.net.au/education/learn-english/australian-vs-american-spelling/11244196 Australian spelling] (e.g., analyze → analyse; behavior → behaviour)
# Move references into the References section. Keep citations in the main body.
# Consider using [https://support.studiosity.com/en/articles/489263-writing-feedback-how-it-works Studiosity Writing Feedback+] via UCLearn or a similar writing-support service (e.g., Grammarly) to improve the quality of written expression and check for grammatical and spelling errors in the book chapter draft.
&lt;!-- GenAI ---&gt;
# Well done on acknowledging genAI use in the edit summary. Also share link(s) to the conversation, as per the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|using genAI guidelines]].
# Do these key points include [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI content]]? If so, this needs to be acknowledged in the edit summaries, otherwise it violates academic integrity.
&lt;!-- Conclusion --&gt;
# Conclusion is well developed
# Conclusion is well underway
# Conclusion is underway
# Conclusion is underdeveloped
# Conclusion hasn't been developed
# What are the practical, take-home messages? (address the focus questions)
|5=
&lt;!-- Figure --&gt;
# Excellent - Relevant figure(s) presented, captioned, and cited
# Relevant figure(s) are presented and captioned
# Relevant figure(s) are presented
# The relevance of the figure to the topic is unclear
# A relevant figure is not presented and cited (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
&lt;!-- Caption --&gt;
# Figure caption(s) provide(s) a clear, appropriately detailed description that is meaningfully connected with the main text
# Figure caption(s) provide(s) a reasonably clear description that is connected with the main text
# Figure caption(s) provide(s) a somewhat clear description that is connected with the main text, but could be improved
# Figure caption(s) could better explain how the image connects to key points being made in the main text
# Figure caption(s) should include '''Figure X'''. [bold] ... (fixed)
&lt;!-- Cite --&gt;
# Figure(s) are cited at least once in the main text
# Cite each figure at least once in the main text using APA style (e.g., see Figure 1)
&lt;!-- Size --&gt;
# Consider increasing image size(s) (especially if they have text) to make them easier to view
# Consider decreasing image size(s) to make them less dominant
&lt;!-- Creation --&gt;
# Well done on creating and uploading your own image! {{smile}}—this can also be listed on your user page as a social contribution
|6=
&lt;!-- Learning feature --&gt;
&lt;!-- Interwiki links ---&gt;
# Excellent in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] for first mention of key terms to [[w:|Wikipedia]] and/or [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]]
# Promising in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] for first mention of key terms to [[w:|Wikipedia]] and/or [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]]
# Two in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] for first mention of key terms to [[w:|Wikipedia]]. Also embed links to [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]].
# One in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki link]] for first mention of key term to [[w:|Wikipedia]]. Also embed links to [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]].
# Add in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] for first mention of key terms to [[w:|Wikipedia]] and/or [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]] (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
&lt;!-- Scenarios/examples/case studies --&gt;
# Excellent use of scenarios/examples/case studies
# Promising use of scenarios/examples/case studies
# Keep scenarios brief 
# Basic use of scenario/example/case study
# Placeholder use of scenarios/examples/case studies
# Make the relevance of the scenario to the topic more clear
# Consider incorporating additional scenarios, examples, or case studies to illustrate key concepts. These could build on the Overview scenario or introduce new real-world situations in the main body of the chapter to demonstrate how the concepts apply in practice.
&lt;!-- Quiz --&gt;
# Excellent use of quiz question(s)
# Promising use of quiz question(s)
# Place each quiz question in the most relevant section
# Focus the quiz question(s) on the take-home messages
# Placeholder use of quiz question(s)
# Consider including quiz question(s) about the take-home messages
&lt;!-- Tables --&gt;
# Excellent use of [[Motivation and emotion/Wikiversity/Tables|table(s)]]
# Promising use of [[Motivation and emotion/Wikiversity/Tables|table(s)]]
# Include acknowledgement (e.g., citation(s)) for sources of information presented in the table
# Use APA style for table captions
# Add table caption
# Cite each table at least once in the text
# Also consider using [[Motivation and emotion/Wikiversity/Tables|table(s)]] to summarise key information
|7=
&lt;!-- References --&gt;
&lt;!-- Overall --&gt;
# Excellent
# Very good
# Good
# Basic
# Insufficient
# To be developed
&lt;!-- Systematic reviews --&gt;
# Well done on identifying relevant systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses
# At least one relevant systematic review and/or meta-analysis has been identified
# What are the most relevant systematic reviews/meta-analyses about this topic?
&lt;!-- Move --&gt;
# Move Wikipedia links to the &quot;See also&quot; section
# Move non-academic / non-peer reviewed sources to the &quot;External links&quot; section
&lt;!-- Citations --&gt;
# All references need in-text citation
# All citations need to be in the References
# Only include references which have been accessed and read
&lt;!-- APA style --&gt;
# Check and correct [https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/reference-guide.pdf APA referencing style]:
## alphabetical order
## capitalisation
## [[Help:Wikitext quick reference|italicisation]]
## [https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/reference-guide.pdf doi formatting]
## make doi hyperlinks active (i.e., clickable)
## use dois where available instead of other links
## include hyperlinked dois
## page numbers should be separated by an en-dash (–) rather than a hyphen (-)
# A more thorough literature search is recommended. The goal is to identify and use the best academic theory and research about this topic.
# Use APA style or wiki referencing style, but not both (currently, a mixture of referencing styles is used
# Don't cite AI-generated content because it is unreliable and not peer-reviewed. Instead, follow the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|using genAI guidelines]] which include acknowledging and linking to genAI use in edit summaries, otherwise it is a violation of academic integrity.
|8=
&lt;!-- Resources --&gt;
&lt;!-- See also --&gt;
# See also
## Excellent
## Very good
## Good
## Basic
## One of two link types provided
### Also link to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|motivation and emotion book chapters]]
### Also link to relevant [[w:|Wikipedia]] pages
## Use bullet-points (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
## Use [[w:Letter case#Sentence casing|sentence casing]]
## Rename links so that they are more user friendly (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
## Include source in brackets after link (e.g., (Wikipedia) or (Book chapter, year) for Wikiversity book chapters)
## Use alphabetical order
## To be developed (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
## Link to the most relevant Wikiversity book chapters and Wikipedia resources about this topic
&lt;!-- External links --&gt;
# External links
## Excellent
## Very good
## Good
## Basic
## One of two required external links provided
## Move Wikipedia link(s) to the &quot;See also&quot; section
## Move academic sources into the &quot;References&quot; sections and provide in-text citation
## Only include links directly related to the sub-title
## Target an international audience; Australians only represent 0.33% of the world population
## Good choice of links, but poorly formatted (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
## Use bullet-points (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
## Use [[w:Letter case#Sentence casing|sentence casing]]
## Rename links so that they are more user friendly (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
## Include source in brackets after link
## Use alphabetical order
## To be developed (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
## Link to the most relevant external resources about this topic
|9=
&lt;!-- User page --&gt;
# Excellent
# Used effectively
# Very good
# Good
# Basic but effective
# Not created – see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]]
&lt;!-- Description about self --&gt;
# Excellent description about self provided
# Description about self provided
# Brief description about self – consider expanding
# Very brief description about self – consider expanding
# Add description about self
&lt;!-- Links to profile(s) --&gt;
# Link(s) provided to professional profile(s)
# Consider linking to your [https://portfolio.canberra.edu.au/ eportfolio] page and/or any other professional online profile or resume such as [https://www.linkedin.com/ LinkedIn]. This is not required, but it can be useful to interlink your professional networks.
&lt;!-- Link to book chapter --&gt;
# A link to the book chapter is provided
# Provide an internal link to the book chapter as shown in [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]]
# Rename the link to the book chapter to make it more user-friendly (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
# Add link to book chapter
|10=
&lt;!-- Social contribution --&gt;
# Excellent – at least three different types of contributions with direct link(s) to evidence
# Good – two out of three types of contributions made with direct link(s) to evidence. The other type of contribution is making:
# One out of three types of contributions made with direct link(s) to evidence. The other types of contribution are making:
#* direct improvements to other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters (past or current)]]
#* comments on the [[Help:Talk page|talk page]]s of other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters (past or current)]]
#* posts about the unit or project on the {{Motivation and emotion/Canvas}} discussion forum
# To add direct links to evidence of Wikiversity edits or comments: view the page history, select the version of the page before and after your contributions, click &quot;compare selected revisions&quot;, and paste the comparison URL on your user page. For more info, see [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Making and summarising social contributions|Making and summarising social contributions]]. This was demonstrated in [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing#Social contributions|Tutorial 2]].
# Are these contributions based on AI-generated content? If so, please follow the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|using genAI guidelines]], otherwise it is a violation of academic integrity.
# Well done on creating and uploading your own image!
# Use a numbered list (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
# Descriptions of contributions could be more precise/accurate/detailed
# Add a brief summary of each contribution
# Remember to sign comments on talk pages
# None summarised on user page with direct link(s) to evidence (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing#Social contributions|Tutorial 2]]). Looking ahead to the book chapter, see [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Socialcontribution|social contributions]].
}}
~~~~
&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
gives
&lt;!-- Official topic development feedback --&gt;
{{METF/2026
|1=
&lt;!-- Title --&gt;
# Title and subtitle are correctly worded and use [[w:Letter case#Sentence casing|sentence casing]]
# Title and/or subtitle not correctly worded and/or didn't use [[w:Letter case#Sentence casing|sentence casing]] (fixed)
# User name removed from the page; for authorship see [[Special:History/{{PAGENAME}}|the page's edit history]]
|2=
&lt;!-- Headings --&gt;
# See earlier comment about [[#heading casing|heading casing]]
&lt;!-- Heading structure --&gt;
&lt;!-- 2-level --&gt;
# Excellent – Well developed [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|2-level heading structure]]. Meaningful headings clearly relate directly to the core topic.
# Clear [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|2-level heading structure]]
# Promising [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|2-level heading structure]] – could benefit from further development and/or refinement
# Basic [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|2-level heading structure]] – could benefit from further development (expand)
&lt;!-- 1-level --&gt;
# Promising [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|1-level heading structure]] – could benefit from further development (e.g., consider using subheadings)
# Basic, [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|1-level heading structure]] – could benefit from further development, perhaps using a 2-level structure (i.e., use subheadings)
# Under-developed, [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|1-level heading structure]] – develop further, perhaps using a 2-level structure for larger section(s) (i.e., including subheadings)
&lt;!-- 3-level --&gt;
# Overly complicated [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|3-level heading structure]] – consider simplifying
&lt;!-- Conceptual --&gt;
# Messy heading structure – needs work (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
# The headings lack sufficient incision into, and exposition of, the topic
# Revise heading structure to place less emphasis on background concepts and more emphasis on the target topic (i.e., address the sub-title). The draft headings place too much emphasis on background concepts and too little on the relationship between the concepts.
# Research is not needed as a separate section; instead, integrate and synthesise relevant research throughout the chapter alongside the theoretical perspectives and real-life applications
&lt;!-- Other ---&gt;
# Aim for 3 to 6 top-level headings between the Overview and Conclusion, with 3 to 5 sub-headings for large sections
# Use default heading formatting (i.e., avoid additional formatting such as bold, italics, underline, changing the size etc.)
# Avoid having sections with only 1 sub-heading – use 0 or 2+ sub-headings
# Check grammar (e.g,. missing question mark)
&lt;!-- Remove --&gt;
# Remove sub-headings in the Overview and/or Conclusion
# Remove &quot;Introduction&quot; heading – provide this information in Overview or move into subsequent sections
# Remove definition(s) headings; cover this in the Overview and/or subsequent sections with embedded inter-wiki link(s) to further information
# Remove case study/scenario headings; instead embed the case study/scenario(s) within relevant section(s)
# Remove quiz headings; instead embed quiz question(s) within relevant section(s)
# Remove numbers from headings
# Remove [[wikt:acronym#Noun|acronym]]s from headings
# Remove citations from headings
&lt;!-- Alignment with focus questions --&gt;
# Excellent alignment between sub-title, focus questions, and heading structure
# Very good alignment between sub-title, focus questions, and heading structure, but there may be room for improvement
# Good alignment between sub-title, focus questions, and heading structure, but there is room for improvement
# Reasonably good alignment between focus questions and heading structure, but aim for closer alignment
# Basic alignment between between sub-title, focus questions, and top-level headings. Aim to improve.
# Develop closer alignment between sub-title, focus questions, and top-level headings
# Insufficient alignment between sub-title, focus questions, and top-level headings
&lt;!-- GenAI ---&gt;
# Are the headings based on [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI content]]? If so, this needs to be acknowledged in the edit summaries, otherwise it violates academic integrity.
|3=
&lt;!-- Overview--&gt;
# Excellent – Scenario, image, evocative description of the problem/topic, and focus questions
# Very good
# Good
# Basic
# Insufficient
# Hasn't been developed – Needs scenario, image, evocative description of the problem/topic, and focus questions
&lt;!-- GenAI ---&gt;
# Does this section include [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI content]]? If so, it needs to be acknowledged as such in the edit summaries, otherwise it violates academic integrity.
&lt;!-- Scenario --&gt;
# An engaging scenario with a relevant image is planned or presented in a feature box at start of the Overview
# A scenario or case study is presented in a feature box with an image at the start of this section
# A scenario or case study is presented in a feature box at the start of this section
# Promising scenario; would benefit from further development to make it more compelling and illustrative
# The scenario is promising, but adapt it to make it more relatable to a wider international audience; university students represent only around 3% of the world's population
# I moved an image into the feature box to help attract reader interest
# Choose an image that illustrates the scenario. Move theoretical diagrams into a subsequent section.
# Add an image to the scenario to help attract reader interest
# Put the scenario or case study into a feature box at the start of this section (fixed)
# Make the scenario concrete and down-to-earth, using a realistic real-world example of the target psychological phenomenon rather than an abstract description.
# Make the relevance of the scenario to the topic more clear. It should be obvious to a reader how the scenario illustrates the topic (i.e., the sub-title question). Revise the scenario to make this connection more explicit.
# Add a scenario or case study in a feature box (with an image) at the start of this section to help engage reader interest
&lt;!-- Description --&gt;
# A clear description of the problem/topic is planned or presented
# A promising description of the problem/topic is planned or presented
# A basic description of the problem/topic is planned or presented
# What are the most relevant psychological theories?
# Briefly overview the main theoretical perspectives relevant to the topic
# Introduce topic using plain English; most citations can be moved into subsequent setions
# Simplify/abbreviate the description of the problem/topic. Move detail into subsequent sections.
# Add a brief, evocative description of the problem/topic
&lt;!-- Style --&gt;
# Use present, rather than future, tense
# Use 3rd person point of view for main body text (except 1st/2nd person point of view can work within feature boxes for scenarios)
&lt;!-- Focus questions --&gt;
&lt;!-- Alignment and quality --&gt;
# The focus questions are well aligned with the sub-title and top-level headings
# Reasonably good alignment between focus questions and top-level headings, but consider closer alignment
# Develop closer alignment between the sub-title, focus questions, and top-level headings
# Promising focus questions
# There is no need for a question dedicated to research; instead, integrate covered of research throughout
# There are too many focus questions; only include questions that are needed to address the sub-title; avoid side-quests—these are usually better treated as examples or scenarios, or left out altogether so that the chapter can concentrate on the core task of synthesising the best psychological theory and research about the topic.
&lt;!-- Other --&gt;
# Use open- rather then close-ended focus questions
# Use single- rather than double-barrelled focus questions
# Use bullet-points (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
# Present focus questions in a feature box at the end of this section
|4=
&lt;!-- Key points--&gt;
&lt;!-- Overall --&gt;
# Excellent – key points are well developed for each section
# Solid development
# Promising development
# Highlight the most relevant theories and synthesise the best research on the topic
# Focus on providing an integrative review of the most relevant theories and research on the topic
# Overly broad/comprehensive; not sufficiently focused/targetted on the topic; this often occurs when genAI content is used by a prompter with insufficient background reading and understanding of the topic and/or insufficient revising and rewriting of genAI content
# Basic development
# Partial development
# Insufficient development
# No development
# Provide more detailed edit summaries
&lt;!-- Scope --&gt;
# The scope is excellent (i.e., not too little/narrow or too big/broad)
# The scope is about right, but it may be that all planned aspects cannot be reasonably covered within the book chapter word count; in that case, be selective and concentrate on key aspects that address the question in the sub-title
# It may be that all planned aspects cannot be reasonably covered within the book chapter word count, so be selective and concentrate on key aspects that address the question in the sub-title
# It is unlikely that all planned aspects can be reasonably covered within the book chapter word count, so be selective and concentrate on the most important aspects which address the question in the sub-title
# All planned aspects cannot reasonably be covered within the book chapter word count, so be selective and concentrate on the most important aspects which address the question in the sub-title
# ''Avoid providing too much background information''. Aim to briefly summarise general concepts and provide internal links to relevant book chapters and/or Wikipedia pages for further information. Focus most of the chapter on ''directly answering the core question(s)'' posed by the chapter sub-title.
&lt;!-- Writing style --&gt;
# The writing style is clear and easy to follow
# The writing style is generally clear but could be simplified or made more concise
# The writing style is difficult to follow (e.g., due to vagueness, complex wording, long sentences, long paragraphs, repetition, etc.)
# The writing style is typical of AI-generated material with minimal human oversight. See [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI content]] for guidance about ethical and professional practice.
&lt;!-- Theory and research --&gt;
# Good balance of theory and research
# Promising balance of theory and research
# Reasonably good coverage of theory; strive to balance the theoretical content with critical review of relevant research
# Balance theoretical content with critical synthesis of relevant research
# Too much theory. Not enough research. Strive for an integrated balance of the best psychological theory and research about this topic, with practical examples. 
# Strive for an integrated balance of the best psychological theory and research about this topic, with practical examples. 
# Select the best theories about this topic
# Select the best research about this topic
&lt;!-- Citations --&gt;
# Excellent use of citations
# Very good use of citations
# Good use of citations
# Promising use of citations
# Basic use of citations
# Insufficient use of citations
# Non-peer-reviewed sources should be moved to the &quot;External links&quot; section
# Tip: Rather than starting sentences with an author name and citation, start with the more interesting part (i.e., the substance) and put the citation at the end or mid-way through the sentence
&lt;!-- Citation style --&gt;
# Use [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations/basic-principles APA style 7th edition for citations] (e.g., do not include author initials)
# Use [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations/basic-principles APA style 7th edition for citations] with three or more authors (i.e., FirstAuthor et al., year)
&lt;!-- Other --&gt;
# For sections with sub-sections, provide key points for an overview paragraph prior to branching into the sub-headings
# Direct quotes need page numbers (APA style) – even better, express the idea in your own words
# Use correct capitalisation ([https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization APA style is a &quot;down&quot; style]) – [https://polishedpaper.com/blog/capitalization-apa-style more info]
# [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/punctuation/serial-comma APA style uses serial commas][[w:Serial comma|1]][https://www.buzzfeed.com/adamdavis/the-oxford-comma-is-extremely-important-and-everyone-should 2][https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gBx8ooDupXY 3] (1 min)
# Use [https://www.aresearchguide.com/write-in-third-person.html 3rd person perspective], although a case study or feature box could use 1st or 2nd person perspective
# Use [https://www.abc.net.au/education/learn-english/australian-vs-american-spelling/11244196 Australian spelling] (e.g., analyze → analyse; behavior → behaviour)
# Move references into the References section. Keep citations in the main body.
# Consider using [https://support.studiosity.com/en/articles/489263-writing-feedback-how-it-works Studiosity Writing Feedback+] via UCLearn or a similar writing-support service (e.g., Grammarly) to improve the quality of written expression and check for grammatical and spelling errors in the book chapter draft.
&lt;!-- GenAI ---&gt;
# Well done on acknowledging genAI use in the edit summary. Also share link(s) to the conversation, as per the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|using genAI guidelines]].
# Do these key points include [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI content]]? If so, this needs to be acknowledged in the edit summaries, otherwise it violates academic integrity.
&lt;!-- Conclusion --&gt;
# Conclusion is well developed
# Conclusion is well underway
# Conclusion is underway
# Conclusion is underdeveloped
# Conclusion hasn't been developed
# What are the practical, take-home messages? (address the focus questions)
|5=
&lt;!-- Figure --&gt;
# Excellent - Relevant figure(s) presented, captioned, and cited
# Relevant figure(s) are presented and captioned
# Relevant figure(s) are presented
# The relevance of the figure to the topic is unclear
# A relevant figure is not presented and cited (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
&lt;!-- Caption --&gt;
# Figure caption(s) provide(s) a clear, appropriately detailed description that is meaningfully connected with the main text
# Figure caption(s) provide(s) a reasonably clear description that is connected with the main text
# Figure caption(s) provide(s) a somewhat clear description that is connected with the main text, but could be improved
# Figure caption(s) could better explain how the image connects to key points being made in the main text
# Figure caption(s) should include '''Figure X'''. [bold] ... (fixed)
&lt;!-- Cite --&gt;
# Figure(s) are cited at least once in the main text
# Cite each figure at least once in the main text using APA style (e.g., see Figure 1)
&lt;!-- Size --&gt;
# Consider increasing image size(s) (especially if they have text) to make them easier to view
# Consider decreasing image size(s) to make them less dominant
&lt;!-- Creation --&gt;
# Well done on creating and uploading your own image! {{smile}}—this can also be listed on your user page as a social contribution
|6=
&lt;!-- Learning feature --&gt;
&lt;!-- Interwiki links ---&gt;
# Excellent in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] for first mention of key terms to [[w:|Wikipedia]] and/or [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]]
# Promising in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] for first mention of key terms to [[w:|Wikipedia]] and/or [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]]
# Two in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] for first mention of key terms to [[w:|Wikipedia]]. Also embed links to [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]].
# One in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki link]] for first mention of key term to [[w:|Wikipedia]]. Also embed links to [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]].
# Add in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] for first mention of key terms to [[w:|Wikipedia]] and/or [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]] (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
&lt;!-- Scenarios/examples/case studies --&gt;
# Excellent use of scenarios/examples/case studies
# Promising use of scenarios/examples/case studies
# Keep scenarios brief 
# Basic use of scenario/example/case study
# Placeholder use of scenarios/examples/case studies
Consider incorporating additional scenarios, examples, or case studies to illustrate key concepts. These could build on the Overview scenario or introduce new real-world situations in the main body of the chapter to demonstrate how the concepts apply in practice.
&lt;!-- Quiz --&gt;
# Excellent use of quiz question(s)
# Promising use of quiz question(s)
# Place each quiz question in the most relevant section
# Focus the quiz question(s) on the take-home messages
# Placeholder use of quiz question(s)
# Consider including quiz question(s) about the take-home messages
&lt;!-- Tables --&gt;
# Excellent use of [[Motivation and emotion/Wikiversity/Tables|table(s)]]
# Promising use of [[Motivation and emotion/Wikiversity/Tables|table(s)]]
# Include acknowledgement (e.g., citation(s)) for sources of information presented in the table
# Use APA style for table captions
# Add table caption
# Cite each table at least once in the text
# Also consider using [[Motivation and emotion/Wikiversity/Tables|table(s)]] to summarise key information
|7=
&lt;!-- References --&gt;
&lt;!-- Overall --&gt;
# Excellent
# Very good
# Good
# Basic
# Insufficient
# To be developed
&lt;!-- Systematic reviews --&gt;
# Well done on identifying relevant systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses
# At least one relevant systematic review and/or meta-analysis has been identified
# What are the most relevant systematic reviews/meta-analyses about this topic?
&lt;!-- Move --&gt;
# Move Wikipedia links to the &quot;See also&quot; section
# Move non-academic / non-peer reviewed sources to the &quot;External links&quot; section
&lt;!-- Citations --&gt;
# All references need in-text citation
# All citations need to be in the References
# Only include references which have been accessed and read
&lt;!-- APA style --&gt;
# Check and correct [https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/reference-guide.pdf APA referencing style]:
## alphabetical order
## capitalisation
## [[Help:Wikitext quick reference|italicisation]]
## [https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/reference-guide.pdf doi formatting]
## make doi hyperlinks active (i.e., clickable)
## use dois where available instead of other links
## include hyperlinked dois
## page numbers should be separated by an en-dash (–) rather than a hyphen (-)
# A more thorough literature search is recommended. The goal is to identify and use the best academic theory and research about this topic.
# Use APA style or wiki referencing style, but not both (currently, a mixture of referencing styles is used
# Don't cite AI-generated content because it is unreliable and not peer-reviewed. Instead, follow the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|using genAI guidelines]] which include acknowledging and linking to genAI use in edit summaries, otherwise it is a violation of academic integrity.
|8=
&lt;!-- Resources --&gt;
&lt;!-- See also --&gt;
# See also
## Excellent
## Very good
## Good
## Basic
## One of two link types provided
### Also link to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|motivation and emotion book chapters]]
### Also link to relevant [[w:|Wikipedia]] pages
## Use bullet-points (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
## Use [[w:Letter case#Sentence casing|sentence casing]]
## Rename links so that they are more user friendly (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
## Include source in brackets after link (e.g., (Wikipedia) or (Book chapter, year) for Wikiversity book chapters)
## Use alphabetical order
## To be developed (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
## Link to the most relevant Wikiversity book chapters and Wikipedia resources about this topic
&lt;!-- External links --&gt;
# External links
## Excellent
## Very good
## Good
## Basic
## One of two required external links provided
## Move Wikipedia link(s) to the &quot;See also&quot; section
## Move academic sources into the &quot;References&quot; sections and provide in-text citation
## Only include links directly related to the sub-title
## Target an international audience; Australians only represent 0.33% of the world population
## Good choice of links, but poorly formatted (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
## Use bullet-points (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
## Use [[w:Letter case#Sentence casing|sentence casing]]
## Rename links so that they are more user friendly (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
## Include source in brackets after link
## Use alphabetical order
## To be developed (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
## Link to the most relevant external resources about this topic
|9=
&lt;!-- User page --&gt;
# Excellent
# Used effectively
# Very good
# Good
# Basic but effective
# Not created – see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]]
&lt;!-- Description about self --&gt;
# Excellent description about self provided
# Description about self provided
# Brief description about self – consider expanding
# Very brief description about self – consider expanding
# Add description about self
&lt;!-- Links to profile(s) --&gt;
# Link(s) provided to professional profile(s)
# Consider linking to your [https://portfolio.canberra.edu.au/ eportfolio] page and/or any other professional online profile or resume such as [https://www.linkedin.com/ LinkedIn]. This is not required, but it can be useful to interlink your professional networks.
&lt;!-- Link to book chapter --&gt;
# A link to the book chapter is provided
# Provide an internal link to the book chapter as shown in [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]]
# Rename the link to the book chapter to make it more user-friendly (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
# Add link to book chapter
|10=
&lt;!-- Social contribution --&gt;
# Excellent – at least three different types of contributions with direct link(s) to evidence
# Good – two out of three types of contributions made with direct link(s) to evidence. The other type of contribution is making:
# One out of three types of contributions made with direct link(s) to evidence. The other types of contribution are making:
#* direct improvements to other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters (past or current)]]
#* comments on the [[Help:Talk page|talk page]]s of other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters (past or current)]]
#* posts about the unit or project on the {{Motivation and emotion/Canvas}} discussion forum
# To add direct links to evidence of Wikiversity edits or comments: view the page history, select the version of the page before and after your contributions, click &quot;compare selected revisions&quot;, and paste the comparison URL on your user page. For more info, see [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Making and summarising social contributions|Making and summarising social contributions]]. This was demonstrated in [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing#Social contributions|Tutorial 2]].
# Are these contributions based on AI-generated content? If so, please follow the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|using genAI guidelines]], otherwise it is a violation of academic integrity.
# Well done on creating and uploading your own image!
# Use a numbered list (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
# Descriptions of contributions could be more precise/accurate/detailed
# Add a brief summary of each contribution
# Remember to sign comments on talk pages
# None summarised on user page with direct link(s) to evidence (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing#Social contributions|Tutorial 2]]). Looking ahead to the book chapter, see [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Socialcontribution|social contributions]].
}}
-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 08:58, 26 August 2026 (UTC)

==See also==
* [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Topic|Topic development guidelines]]
* [[Template:MEBF]]
* [[Template:MEMF]]

[[Category:Motivation and emotion/Admin/2026]]
[[Category:Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Topic]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>1qycw07yxejt32r3k9ibaxxgq2prbvu</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2833310</id>
      <parentid>2833307</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-15T11:12:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>## Use an internal link style as shown in [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]]</comment>
      <origin>2833310</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="53229" sha1="shp5ialy18k7ywikqt1z3xikk2zpehh" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;{{note|Feedback [[wikiversity:FAQ/Template|template]] for the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Topic|topic development]] exercise for [[motivation and emotion]].&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[Help:Transclusion|Transclude]] on a chapter [[Help:Talk page|talk page]].}}
__NOTOC__&lt;/noinclude&gt;&lt;includeonly&gt;
==Topic development feedback==
{{RoundBoxTop|theme=8}}
The [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Topic|topic development]] has been reviewed according to the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Topic#Marking criteria|marking criteria]]. Written feedback is provided below, plus see the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Topic/Feedback|general feedback]] page. Also check the [[Special:History/{{PAGENAME}}|page history]] for changes made whilst reviewing the plan. If you don't understand the feedback or would like further information, [[Motivation and emotion/Staff|get in touch]] to discuss. Marks are available via {{Motivation and emotion/Canvas}}. Marks are based on the latest version before the due date.
{{RoundBoxBottom}}
{{RoundBoxTop|theme=9}}
[[File:Autoroute icone.svg|right|85px]]
===1. [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Topic#Title|Title]]===
{{{1|No comment}}}
===2. [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Topic#Headings|Headings]]===
{{{2|No comment}}}
===3. [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Topic#Headings|Overview]]===
{{{3|No comment}}}
===4. [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Topic#Key points|Key points]]===
{{{4|No comment}}}
===5. [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Topic#Figure|Figure]]===
{{{5|No comment}}}
===6. [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Topic#Learning feature|Learning feature]]===
{{{6|No comment}}}
===7. [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Topic#References|References]]===
{{{7|No comment}}}
===8. [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Topic#Resources|Resources]]===
{{{8|No comment}}}
===9. [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Topic#User page|User page]]===
{{{9|No comment}}}
===10. [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Topic#Social contribution|Social contribution]]===
{{{10|No comment}}}
{{RoundBoxBottom}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{collapse top|Simple example}}
==Simple example==
See also [[#Detailed example|detailed example]]
&lt;pre&gt;
&lt;!-- Official topic development feedback --&gt;
{{METF/2026
|1=
&lt;!-- Title --&gt;
#
|2=
&lt;!-- Headings --&gt;
#
|3=
&lt;!-- Overview --&gt;
#
|4=
&lt;!-- Key points--&gt;
#
|5=
&lt;!-- Figure --&gt;
#
|6=
&lt;!-- Learning feature --&gt;
#
|7=
&lt;!-- References --&gt;
#
|8=
&lt;!-- Resources --&gt;
#
|9=
&lt;!-- User page --&gt;
#
|10=
&lt;!-- Social contribution --&gt;
#
}}
~~~~
&lt;/pre&gt;
gives
&lt;!-- Official topic development feedback --&gt;
{{METF/2026
|1=
&lt;!-- Title --&gt;
#
|2=
&lt;!-- Headings --&gt;
#|3=
&lt;!-- Overview --&gt;
#
|4=
&lt;!-- Key points--&gt;
#
|5=
&lt;!-- Figure --&gt;
#
|6=
&lt;!-- Learning feature --&gt;
#
|7=
&lt;!-- References --&gt;
#
|8=
&lt;!-- Resources --&gt;
#
|9=
&lt;!-- User page --&gt;
#
|10=
&lt;!-- Social contribution --&gt;
#
}}
-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 04:42, 17 August 2025 (UTC)
{{Collapse bottom}}
==Detailed example==
Example use of the template which includes commonly used feedback comments:
&lt;small&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;pre&gt;
&lt;!-- Official topic development feedback --&gt;
{{METF/2026
|1=
&lt;!-- Title --&gt;
# Title and subtitle are correctly worded and use [[w:Letter case#Sentence casing|sentence casing]]
# Title and/or subtitle not correctly worded and/or didn't use [[w:Letter case#Sentence casing|sentence casing]] (fixed)
# User name removed from the page; for authorship see [[Special:History/{{PAGENAME}}|the page's edit history]]
|2=
&lt;!-- Headings --&gt;
# See earlier comment about [[#heading casing|heading casing]]
&lt;!-- Heading structure --&gt;
&lt;!-- 2-level --&gt;
# Excellent – Well developed [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|2-level heading structure]]. Meaningful headings clearly relate directly to the core topic.
# Clear [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|2-level heading structure]]
# Promising [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|2-level heading structure]] – could benefit from further development and/or refinement
# Basic [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|2-level heading structure]] – could benefit from further development (expand)
&lt;!-- 1-level --&gt;
# Promising [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|1-level heading structure]] – could benefit from further development (e.g., consider using subheadings)
# Basic, [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|1-level heading structure]] – could benefit from further development, perhaps using a 2-level structure (i.e., use subheadings)
# Under-developed, [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|1-level heading structure]] – develop further, perhaps using a 2-level structure for larger section(s) (i.e., including subheadings)
&lt;!-- 3-level --&gt;
# Overly complicated[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|3-level heading structure]] – consider simplifying
&lt;!-- Conceptual --&gt;
# Messy heading structure – needs work (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
# The headings lack sufficient incision into, and exposition of, the topic
# Revise heading structure to place less emphasis on background concepts and more emphasis on the target topic (i.e., address the sub-title). The draft headings place too much emphasis on background concepts and too little on the relationship between the concepts.
# Research is not needed as a separate section; instead, integrate and synthesise relevant research throughout the chapter alongside the theoretical perspectives and real-life applications
&lt;!-- Other ---&gt;
# Aim for 3 to 6 top-level headings between the Overview and Conclusion, with 3 to 5 sub-headings for large sections
# Use default heading formatting (i.e., avoid additional formatting such as bold, italics, underline, changing the size etc.)
# Avoid having sections with only 1 sub-heading – use 0 or 2+ sub-headings
# Check grammar (e.g,. missing question mark)
&lt;!-- Remove --&gt;
# Remove sub-headings in the Overview and/or Conclusion
# Remove &quot;Introduction&quot; heading – provide this information in Overview or move into subsequent sections
# Remove definition(s) headings; cover this in the Overview and/or subsequent sections with embedded inter-wiki link(s) to further information
# Remove case study/scenario headings; instead embed the case study/scenario(s) within relevant section(s)
# Remove quiz headings; instead embed quiz question(s) within relevant section(s)
# Remove numbers from headings
# Remove [[wikt:acronym#Noun|acronym]]s from headings
# Remove citations from headings
&lt;!-- Alignment with focus questions --&gt;
# Excellent alignment between sub-title, focus questions, and heading structure
# Very good alignment between sub-title, focus questions, and heading structure, but there may be room for improvement
# Good alignment between sub-title, focus questions, and heading structure, but there is room for improvement
# Reasonably good alignment between focus questions and heading structure, but aim for closer alignment
# Basic alignment between between sub-title, focus questions, and top-level headings. Aim to improve.
# Develop closer alignment between sub-title, focus questions, and top-level headings
# Insufficient alignment between sub-title, focus questions, and top-level headings
&lt;!-- GenAI ---&gt;
# Are the headings based on [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI content]]? If so, this needs to be acknowledged in the edit summaries, otherwise it violates academic integrity.
|3=
&lt;!-- Overview--&gt;
# Excellent – Scenario, image, evocative description of the problem/topic, and focus questions
# Very good
# Good
# Basic
# Insufficient
# Hasn't been developed – Needs scenario, image, evocative description of the problem/topic, and focus questions
&lt;!-- GenAI ---&gt;
# Does this section include [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI content]]? If so, it needs to be acknowledged as such in the edit summaries, otherwise it violates academic integrity.
&lt;!-- Scenario --&gt;
# An engaging scenario with a relevant image is planned or presented in a feature box at start of the Overview
# A scenario or case study is presented in a feature box with an image at the start of this section
# A scenario or case study is presented in a feature box at the start of this section
# Promising scenario; would benefit from further development to make it more compelling and illustrative
# The scenario is promising, but adapt it to make it more relatable to a wider international audience; university students represent only around 3% of the world's population
# I moved an image into the feature box to help attract reader interest
# Choose an image that illustrates the scenario. Move theoretical diagrams into a subsequent section.
# Add an image to the scenario to help attract reader interest
# Put the scenario or case study into a feature box at the start of this section (fixed)
# Make the scenario concrete and down-to-earth, using a realistic real-world example of the target psychological phenomenon rather than an abstract description.
# Make the relevance of the scenario to the topic more clear. It should be obvious to a reader how the scenario illustrates the topic (i.e., the sub-title question). Revise the scenario to make this connection more explicit.
# Add a scenario or case study in a feature box (with an image) at the start of this section to help engage reader interest
&lt;!-- Description --&gt;
# A clear description of the problem/topic is planned or presented
# A promising description of the problem/topic is planned or presented
# A basic description of the problem/topic is planned or presented
# What are the most relevant psychological theories?
# Briefly overview the main theoretical perspectives relevant to the topic
# Introduce topic using plain English; most citations can be moved into subsequent setions
# Simplify/abbreviate the description of the problem/topic. Move detail into subsequent sections.
# Add a brief, evocative description of the problem/topic
&lt;!-- Style --&gt;
# Use present, rather than future, tense
# Use 3rd person point of view for main body text (except 1st/2nd person point of view can work within feature boxes for scenarios)
&lt;!-- Focus questions --&gt;
&lt;!-- Alignment and quality --&gt;
# The focus questions are well aligned with the sub-title and top-level headings
# Reasonably good alignment between focus questions and top-level headings, but consider closer alignment
# Develop closer alignment between the sub-title, focus questions, and top-level headings
# Promising focus questions
# There is no need for a question dedicated to research; instead, integrate covered of research throughout
# There are too many focus questions; only include questions that are needed to address the sub-title; avoid side-quests—these are usually better treated as examples or scenarios, or left out altogether so that the chapter can concentrate on the core task of synthesising the best psychological theory and research about the topic.
&lt;!-- Other --&gt;
# Use open- rather then close-ended focus questions
# Use single- rather than double-barrelled focus questions
# Use bullet-points (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
# Present focus questions in a feature box at the end of this section
|4=
&lt;!-- Key points--&gt;
&lt;!-- Overall --&gt;
# Excellent – key points are well developed for each section
# Solid development
# Promising development
# Highlight the most relevant theories and synthesise the best research on the topic
# Focus on providing an integrative review of the most relevant theories and research on the topic
# Overly broad/comprehensive; not sufficiently focused/targetted on the topic; this often occurs when genAI content is used by a prompter with insufficient background reading and understanding of the topic and/or insufficient revising and rewriting of genAI content
# Basic development
# Partial development
# Insufficient development
# No development
# Provide more detailed edit summaries
&lt;!-- Scope --&gt;
# The scope is excellent (i.e., not too little/narrow or too big/broad)
# The scope is about right, but it may be that all planned aspects cannot be reasonably covered within the book chapter word count; in that case, be selective and concentrate on key aspects that address the question in the sub-title
# It may be that all planned aspects cannot be reasonably covered within the book chapter word count, so be selective and concentrate on key aspects that address the question in the sub-title
# It is unlikely that all planned aspects can be reasonably covered within the book chapter word count, so be selective and concentrate on the most important aspects which address the question in the sub-title
# All planned aspects cannot reasonably be covered within the book chapter word count, so be selective and concentrate on the most important aspects which address the question in the sub-title
# ''Avoid providing too much background information''. Aim to briefly summarise general concepts and provide internal links to relevant book chapters and/or Wikipedia pages for further information. Focus most of the chapter on ''directly answering the core question(s)'' posed by the chapter sub-title.
&lt;!-- Writing style --&gt;
# The writing style is clear and easy to follow
# The writing style is generally clear but could be simplified or made more concise
# The writing style is difficult to follow (e.g., due to vagueness, complex wording, long sentences, long paragraphs, repetition, etc.)
# The writing style is typical of AI-generated material with minimal human oversight. See [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI content]] for guidance about ethical and professional practice.
&lt;!-- Theory and research --&gt;
# Good balance of theory and research
# Promising balance of theory and research
# Reasonably good coverage of theory; strive to balance the theoretical content with critical review of relevant research
# Balance theoretical content with critical synthesis of relevant research
# Too much theory. Not enough research. Strive for an integrated balance of the best psychological theory and research about this topic, with practical examples.
# Strive for an integrated balance of the best psychological theory and research about this topic, with practical examples.
# Select the best theories about this topic
# Select the best research about this topic
&lt;!-- Citations --&gt;
# Excellent use of citations
# Very good use of citations
# Good use of citations
# Promising use of citations
# Basic use of citations
# Insufficient use of citations
# Non-peer-reviewed sources should be moved to the &quot;External links&quot; section
# Tip: Rather than starting sentences with an author name and citation, start with the more interesting part (i.e., the substance) and put the citation at the end or mid-way through the sentence
&lt;!-- Citation style --&gt;
# Use [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations/basic-principles APA style 7th edition for citations] (e.g., do not include author initials)
# Use [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations/basic-principles APA style 7th edition for citations] with three or more authors (i.e., FirstAuthor et al., year)
&lt;!-- Other --&gt;
# For sections with sub-sections, provide key points for an overview paragraph prior to branching into the sub-headings
# Direct quotes need page numbers (APA style) – even better, express the idea in your own words
# Use correct capitalisation ([https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization APA style is a &quot;down&quot; style]) – [https://polishedpaper.com/blog/capitalization-apa-style more info]
# [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/punctuation/serial-comma APA style uses serial commas][[w:Serial comma|1]][https://www.buzzfeed.com/adamdavis/the-oxford-comma-is-extremely-important-and-everyone-should 2][https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gBx8ooDupXY 3] (1 min)
# Use [https://www.aresearchguide.com/write-in-third-person.html 3rd person perspective], although a case study or feature box could use 1st or 2nd person perspective
# Use [https://www.abc.net.au/education/learn-english/australian-vs-american-spelling/11244196 Australian spelling] (e.g., analyze → analyse; behavior → behaviour)
# Move references into the References section. Keep citations in the main body.
# Consider using [https://support.studiosity.com/en/articles/489263-writing-feedback-how-it-works Studiosity Writing Feedback+] via UCLearn or a similar writing-support service (e.g., Grammarly) to improve the quality of written expression and check for grammatical and spelling errors in the book chapter draft.
&lt;!-- GenAI ---&gt;
# Well done on acknowledging genAI use in the edit summary. Also share link(s) to the conversation, as per the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|using genAI guidelines]].
# Do these key points include [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI content]]? If so, this needs to be acknowledged in the edit summaries, otherwise it violates academic integrity.
&lt;!-- Conclusion --&gt;
# Conclusion is well developed
# Conclusion is well underway
# Conclusion is underway
# Conclusion is underdeveloped
# Conclusion hasn't been developed
# What are the practical, take-home messages? (address the focus questions)
|5=
&lt;!-- Figure --&gt;
# Excellent - Relevant figure(s) presented, captioned, and cited
# Relevant figure(s) are presented and captioned
# Relevant figure(s) are presented
# The relevance of the figure to the topic is unclear
# A relevant figure is not presented and cited (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
&lt;!-- Caption --&gt;
# Figure caption(s) provide(s) a clear, appropriately detailed description that is meaningfully connected with the main text
# Figure caption(s) provide(s) a reasonably clear description that is connected with the main text
# Figure caption(s) provide(s) a somewhat clear description that is connected with the main text, but could be improved
# Figure caption(s) could better explain how the image connects to key points being made in the main text
# Figure caption(s) should include '''Figure X'''. [bold] ... (fixed)
&lt;!-- Cite --&gt;
# Figure(s) are cited at least once in the main text
# Cite each figure at least once in the main text using APA style (e.g., see Figure 1)
&lt;!-- Size --&gt;
# Consider increasing image size(s) (especially if they have text) to make them easier to view
# Consider decreasing image size(s) to make them less dominant
&lt;!-- Creation --&gt;
# Well done on creating and uploading your own image! {{smile}}—this can also be listed on your user page as a social contribution
|6=
&lt;!-- Learning feature --&gt;
&lt;!-- Interwiki links ---&gt;
# Excellent in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] for first mention of key terms to [[w:|Wikipedia]] and/or [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]]
# Promising in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] for first mention of key terms to [[w:|Wikipedia]] and/or [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]]
# Two in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] for first mention of key terms to [[w:|Wikipedia]]. Also embed links to [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]].
# One in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki link]] for first mention of key term to [[w:|Wikipedia]]. Also embed links to [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]].
# Add in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] for first mention of key terms to [[w:|Wikipedia]] and/or [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]] (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
&lt;!-- Scenarios/examples/case studies --&gt;
# Excellent use of scenarios/examples/case studies
# Promising use of scenarios/examples/case studies
# Keep scenarios brief 
# Basic use of scenario/example/case study
# Placeholder use of scenarios/examples/case studies
# Make the relevance of the scenario to the topic more clear
# Consider incorporating additional scenarios, examples, or case studies to illustrate key concepts. These could build on the Overview scenario or introduce new real-world situations in the main body of the chapter to demonstrate how the concepts apply in practice.
&lt;!-- Quiz --&gt;
# Excellent use of quiz question(s)
# Promising use of quiz question(s)
# Place each quiz question in the most relevant section
# Focus the quiz question(s) on the take-home messages
# Placeholder use of quiz question(s)
# Consider including quiz question(s) about the take-home messages
&lt;!-- Tables --&gt;
# Excellent use of [[Motivation and emotion/Wikiversity/Tables|table(s)]]
# Promising use of [[Motivation and emotion/Wikiversity/Tables|table(s)]]
# Include acknowledgement (e.g., citation(s)) for sources of information presented in the table
# Use APA style for table captions
# Add table caption
# Cite each table at least once in the text
# Also consider using [[Motivation and emotion/Wikiversity/Tables|table(s)]] to summarise key information
|7=
&lt;!-- References --&gt;
&lt;!-- Overall --&gt;
# Excellent
# Very good
# Good
# Basic
# Insufficient
# To be developed
&lt;!-- Systematic reviews --&gt;
# Well done on identifying relevant systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses
# At least one relevant systematic review and/or meta-analysis has been identified
# What are the most relevant systematic reviews/meta-analyses about this topic?
&lt;!-- Move --&gt;
# Move Wikipedia links to the &quot;See also&quot; section
# Move non-academic / non-peer reviewed sources to the &quot;External links&quot; section
&lt;!-- Citations --&gt;
# All references need in-text citation
# All citations need to be in the References
# Only include references which have been accessed and read
&lt;!-- APA style --&gt;
# Check and correct [https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/reference-guide.pdf APA referencing style]:
## alphabetical order
## capitalisation
## [[Help:Wikitext quick reference|italicisation]]
## [https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/reference-guide.pdf doi formatting]
## make doi hyperlinks active (i.e., clickable)
## use dois where available instead of other links
## include hyperlinked dois
## page numbers should be separated by an en-dash (–) rather than a hyphen (-)
# A more thorough literature search is recommended. The goal is to identify and use the best academic theory and research about this topic.
# Use APA style or wiki referencing style, but not both (currently, a mixture of referencing styles is used
# Don't cite AI-generated content because it is unreliable and not peer-reviewed. Instead, follow the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|using genAI guidelines]] which include acknowledging and linking to genAI use in edit summaries, otherwise it is a violation of academic integrity.
|8=
&lt;!-- Resources --&gt;
&lt;!-- See also --&gt;
# See also
## Excellent
## Very good
## Good
## Basic
## One of two link types provided
### Also link to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|motivation and emotion book chapters]]
### Also link to relevant [[w:|Wikipedia]] pages
## Use an internal link style as shown in [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]]
## Use bullet-points (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
## Use [[w:Letter case#Sentence casing|sentence casing]]
## Rename links so that they are more user friendly (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
## Include source in brackets after link (e.g., (Wikipedia) or (Book chapter, year) for Wikiversity book chapters)
## Use alphabetical order
## To be developed (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
## Link to the most relevant Wikiversity book chapters and Wikipedia resources about this topic
&lt;!-- External links --&gt;
# External links
## Excellent
## Very good
## Good
## Basic
## One of two required external links provided
## Move Wikipedia link(s) to the &quot;See also&quot; section
## Move academic sources into the &quot;References&quot; sections and provide in-text citation
## Only include links directly related to the sub-title
## Target an international audience; Australians only represent 0.33% of the world population
## Good choice of links, but poorly formatted (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
## Use bullet-points (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
## Use [[w:Letter case#Sentence casing|sentence casing]]
## Rename links so that they are more user friendly (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
## Include source in brackets after link
## Use alphabetical order
## To be developed (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
## Link to the most relevant external resources about this topic
|9=
&lt;!-- User page --&gt;
# Excellent
# Used effectively
# Very good
# Good
# Basic but effective
# Not created – see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]]
&lt;!-- Description about self --&gt;
# Excellent description about self provided
# Description about self provided
# Brief description about self – consider expanding
# Very brief description about self – consider expanding
# Add description about self
&lt;!-- Links to profile(s) --&gt;
# Link(s) provided to professional profile(s)
# Consider linking to your [https://portfolio.canberra.edu.au/ eportfolio] page and/or any other professional online profile or resume such as [https://www.linkedin.com/ LinkedIn]. This is not required, but it can be useful to interlink your professional networks.
&lt;!-- Link to book chapter --&gt;
# A link to the book chapter is provided
# Provide an internal link to the book chapter as shown in [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]]
# Rename the link to the book chapter to make it more user-friendly (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
# Add link to book chapter
|10=
&lt;!-- Social contribution --&gt;
# Excellent – at least three different types of contributions with direct link(s) to evidence
# Good – two out of three types of contributions made with direct link(s) to evidence. The other type of contribution is making:
# One out of three types of contributions made with direct link(s) to evidence. The other types of contribution are making:
#* direct improvements to other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters (past or current)]]
#* comments on the [[Help:Talk page|talk page]]s of other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters (past or current)]]
#* posts about the unit or project on the {{Motivation and emotion/Canvas}} discussion forum
# To add direct links to evidence of Wikiversity edits or comments: view the page history, select the version of the page before and after your contributions, click &quot;compare selected revisions&quot;, and paste the comparison URL on your user page. For more info, see [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Making and summarising social contributions|Making and summarising social contributions]]. This was demonstrated in [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing#Social contributions|Tutorial 2]].
# Are these contributions based on AI-generated content? If so, please follow the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|using genAI guidelines]], otherwise it is a violation of academic integrity.
# Well done on creating and uploading your own image!
# Use a numbered list (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
# Descriptions of contributions could be more precise/accurate/detailed
# Add a brief summary of each contribution
# Remember to sign comments on talk pages
# None summarised on user page with direct link(s) to evidence (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing#Social contributions|Tutorial 2]]). Looking ahead to the book chapter, see [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Socialcontribution|social contributions]].
}}
~~~~
&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
gives
&lt;!-- Official topic development feedback --&gt;
{{METF/2026
|1=
&lt;!-- Title --&gt;
# Title and subtitle are correctly worded and use [[w:Letter case#Sentence casing|sentence casing]]
# Title and/or subtitle not correctly worded and/or didn't use [[w:Letter case#Sentence casing|sentence casing]] (fixed)
# User name removed from the page; for authorship see [[Special:History/{{PAGENAME}}|the page's edit history]]
|2=
&lt;!-- Headings --&gt;
# See earlier comment about [[#heading casing|heading casing]]
&lt;!-- Heading structure --&gt;
&lt;!-- 2-level --&gt;
# Excellent – Well developed [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|2-level heading structure]]. Meaningful headings clearly relate directly to the core topic.
# Clear [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|2-level heading structure]]
# Promising [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|2-level heading structure]] – could benefit from further development and/or refinement
# Basic [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|2-level heading structure]] – could benefit from further development (expand)
&lt;!-- 1-level --&gt;
# Promising [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|1-level heading structure]] – could benefit from further development (e.g., consider using subheadings)
# Basic, [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|1-level heading structure]] – could benefit from further development, perhaps using a 2-level structure (i.e., use subheadings)
# Under-developed, [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|1-level heading structure]] – develop further, perhaps using a 2-level structure for larger section(s) (i.e., including subheadings)
&lt;!-- 3-level --&gt;
# Overly complicated [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|3-level heading structure]] – consider simplifying
&lt;!-- Conceptual --&gt;
# Messy heading structure – needs work (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
# The headings lack sufficient incision into, and exposition of, the topic
# Revise heading structure to place less emphasis on background concepts and more emphasis on the target topic (i.e., address the sub-title). The draft headings place too much emphasis on background concepts and too little on the relationship between the concepts.
# Research is not needed as a separate section; instead, integrate and synthesise relevant research throughout the chapter alongside the theoretical perspectives and real-life applications
&lt;!-- Other ---&gt;
# Aim for 3 to 6 top-level headings between the Overview and Conclusion, with 3 to 5 sub-headings for large sections
# Use default heading formatting (i.e., avoid additional formatting such as bold, italics, underline, changing the size etc.)
# Avoid having sections with only 1 sub-heading – use 0 or 2+ sub-headings
# Check grammar (e.g,. missing question mark)
&lt;!-- Remove --&gt;
# Remove sub-headings in the Overview and/or Conclusion
# Remove &quot;Introduction&quot; heading – provide this information in Overview or move into subsequent sections
# Remove definition(s) headings; cover this in the Overview and/or subsequent sections with embedded inter-wiki link(s) to further information
# Remove case study/scenario headings; instead embed the case study/scenario(s) within relevant section(s)
# Remove quiz headings; instead embed quiz question(s) within relevant section(s)
# Remove numbers from headings
# Remove [[wikt:acronym#Noun|acronym]]s from headings
# Remove citations from headings
&lt;!-- Alignment with focus questions --&gt;
# Excellent alignment between sub-title, focus questions, and heading structure
# Very good alignment between sub-title, focus questions, and heading structure, but there may be room for improvement
# Good alignment between sub-title, focus questions, and heading structure, but there is room for improvement
# Reasonably good alignment between focus questions and heading structure, but aim for closer alignment
# Basic alignment between between sub-title, focus questions, and top-level headings. Aim to improve.
# Develop closer alignment between sub-title, focus questions, and top-level headings
# Insufficient alignment between sub-title, focus questions, and top-level headings
&lt;!-- GenAI ---&gt;
# Are the headings based on [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI content]]? If so, this needs to be acknowledged in the edit summaries, otherwise it violates academic integrity.
|3=
&lt;!-- Overview--&gt;
# Excellent – Scenario, image, evocative description of the problem/topic, and focus questions
# Very good
# Good
# Basic
# Insufficient
# Hasn't been developed – Needs scenario, image, evocative description of the problem/topic, and focus questions
&lt;!-- GenAI ---&gt;
# Does this section include [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI content]]? If so, it needs to be acknowledged as such in the edit summaries, otherwise it violates academic integrity.
&lt;!-- Scenario --&gt;
# An engaging scenario with a relevant image is planned or presented in a feature box at start of the Overview
# A scenario or case study is presented in a feature box with an image at the start of this section
# A scenario or case study is presented in a feature box at the start of this section
# Promising scenario; would benefit from further development to make it more compelling and illustrative
# The scenario is promising, but adapt it to make it more relatable to a wider international audience; university students represent only around 3% of the world's population
# I moved an image into the feature box to help attract reader interest
# Choose an image that illustrates the scenario. Move theoretical diagrams into a subsequent section.
# Add an image to the scenario to help attract reader interest
# Put the scenario or case study into a feature box at the start of this section (fixed)
# Make the scenario concrete and down-to-earth, using a realistic real-world example of the target psychological phenomenon rather than an abstract description.
# Make the relevance of the scenario to the topic more clear. It should be obvious to a reader how the scenario illustrates the topic (i.e., the sub-title question). Revise the scenario to make this connection more explicit.
# Add a scenario or case study in a feature box (with an image) at the start of this section to help engage reader interest
&lt;!-- Description --&gt;
# A clear description of the problem/topic is planned or presented
# A promising description of the problem/topic is planned or presented
# A basic description of the problem/topic is planned or presented
# What are the most relevant psychological theories?
# Briefly overview the main theoretical perspectives relevant to the topic
# Introduce topic using plain English; most citations can be moved into subsequent setions
# Simplify/abbreviate the description of the problem/topic. Move detail into subsequent sections.
# Add a brief, evocative description of the problem/topic
&lt;!-- Style --&gt;
# Use present, rather than future, tense
# Use 3rd person point of view for main body text (except 1st/2nd person point of view can work within feature boxes for scenarios)
&lt;!-- Focus questions --&gt;
&lt;!-- Alignment and quality --&gt;
# The focus questions are well aligned with the sub-title and top-level headings
# Reasonably good alignment between focus questions and top-level headings, but consider closer alignment
# Develop closer alignment between the sub-title, focus questions, and top-level headings
# Promising focus questions
# There is no need for a question dedicated to research; instead, integrate covered of research throughout
# There are too many focus questions; only include questions that are needed to address the sub-title; avoid side-quests—these are usually better treated as examples or scenarios, or left out altogether so that the chapter can concentrate on the core task of synthesising the best psychological theory and research about the topic.
&lt;!-- Other --&gt;
# Use open- rather then close-ended focus questions
# Use single- rather than double-barrelled focus questions
# Use bullet-points (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
# Present focus questions in a feature box at the end of this section
|4=
&lt;!-- Key points--&gt;
&lt;!-- Overall --&gt;
# Excellent – key points are well developed for each section
# Solid development
# Promising development
# Highlight the most relevant theories and synthesise the best research on the topic
# Focus on providing an integrative review of the most relevant theories and research on the topic
# Overly broad/comprehensive; not sufficiently focused/targetted on the topic; this often occurs when genAI content is used by a prompter with insufficient background reading and understanding of the topic and/or insufficient revising and rewriting of genAI content
# Basic development
# Partial development
# Insufficient development
# No development
# Provide more detailed edit summaries
&lt;!-- Scope --&gt;
# The scope is excellent (i.e., not too little/narrow or too big/broad)
# The scope is about right, but it may be that all planned aspects cannot be reasonably covered within the book chapter word count; in that case, be selective and concentrate on key aspects that address the question in the sub-title
# It may be that all planned aspects cannot be reasonably covered within the book chapter word count, so be selective and concentrate on key aspects that address the question in the sub-title
# It is unlikely that all planned aspects can be reasonably covered within the book chapter word count, so be selective and concentrate on the most important aspects which address the question in the sub-title
# All planned aspects cannot reasonably be covered within the book chapter word count, so be selective and concentrate on the most important aspects which address the question in the sub-title
# ''Avoid providing too much background information''. Aim to briefly summarise general concepts and provide internal links to relevant book chapters and/or Wikipedia pages for further information. Focus most of the chapter on ''directly answering the core question(s)'' posed by the chapter sub-title.
&lt;!-- Writing style --&gt;
# The writing style is clear and easy to follow
# The writing style is generally clear but could be simplified or made more concise
# The writing style is difficult to follow (e.g., due to vagueness, complex wording, long sentences, long paragraphs, repetition, etc.)
# The writing style is typical of AI-generated material with minimal human oversight. See [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI content]] for guidance about ethical and professional practice.
&lt;!-- Theory and research --&gt;
# Good balance of theory and research
# Promising balance of theory and research
# Reasonably good coverage of theory; strive to balance the theoretical content with critical review of relevant research
# Balance theoretical content with critical synthesis of relevant research
# Too much theory. Not enough research. Strive for an integrated balance of the best psychological theory and research about this topic, with practical examples. 
# Strive for an integrated balance of the best psychological theory and research about this topic, with practical examples. 
# Select the best theories about this topic
# Select the best research about this topic
&lt;!-- Citations --&gt;
# Excellent use of citations
# Very good use of citations
# Good use of citations
# Promising use of citations
# Basic use of citations
# Insufficient use of citations
# Non-peer-reviewed sources should be moved to the &quot;External links&quot; section
# Tip: Rather than starting sentences with an author name and citation, start with the more interesting part (i.e., the substance) and put the citation at the end or mid-way through the sentence
&lt;!-- Citation style --&gt;
# Use [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations/basic-principles APA style 7th edition for citations] (e.g., do not include author initials)
# Use [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations/basic-principles APA style 7th edition for citations] with three or more authors (i.e., FirstAuthor et al., year)
&lt;!-- Other --&gt;
# For sections with sub-sections, provide key points for an overview paragraph prior to branching into the sub-headings
# Direct quotes need page numbers (APA style) – even better, express the idea in your own words
# Use correct capitalisation ([https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization APA style is a &quot;down&quot; style]) – [https://polishedpaper.com/blog/capitalization-apa-style more info]
# [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/punctuation/serial-comma APA style uses serial commas][[w:Serial comma|1]][https://www.buzzfeed.com/adamdavis/the-oxford-comma-is-extremely-important-and-everyone-should 2][https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gBx8ooDupXY 3] (1 min)
# Use [https://www.aresearchguide.com/write-in-third-person.html 3rd person perspective], although a case study or feature box could use 1st or 2nd person perspective
# Use [https://www.abc.net.au/education/learn-english/australian-vs-american-spelling/11244196 Australian spelling] (e.g., analyze → analyse; behavior → behaviour)
# Move references into the References section. Keep citations in the main body.
# Consider using [https://support.studiosity.com/en/articles/489263-writing-feedback-how-it-works Studiosity Writing Feedback+] via UCLearn or a similar writing-support service (e.g., Grammarly) to improve the quality of written expression and check for grammatical and spelling errors in the book chapter draft.
&lt;!-- GenAI ---&gt;
# Well done on acknowledging genAI use in the edit summary. Also share link(s) to the conversation, as per the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|using genAI guidelines]].
# Do these key points include [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI content]]? If so, this needs to be acknowledged in the edit summaries, otherwise it violates academic integrity.
&lt;!-- Conclusion --&gt;
# Conclusion is well developed
# Conclusion is well underway
# Conclusion is underway
# Conclusion is underdeveloped
# Conclusion hasn't been developed
# What are the practical, take-home messages? (address the focus questions)
|5=
&lt;!-- Figure --&gt;
# Excellent - Relevant figure(s) presented, captioned, and cited
# Relevant figure(s) are presented and captioned
# Relevant figure(s) are presented
# The relevance of the figure to the topic is unclear
# A relevant figure is not presented and cited (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
&lt;!-- Caption --&gt;
# Figure caption(s) provide(s) a clear, appropriately detailed description that is meaningfully connected with the main text
# Figure caption(s) provide(s) a reasonably clear description that is connected with the main text
# Figure caption(s) provide(s) a somewhat clear description that is connected with the main text, but could be improved
# Figure caption(s) could better explain how the image connects to key points being made in the main text
# Figure caption(s) should include '''Figure X'''. [bold] ... (fixed)
&lt;!-- Cite --&gt;
# Figure(s) are cited at least once in the main text
# Cite each figure at least once in the main text using APA style (e.g., see Figure 1)
&lt;!-- Size --&gt;
# Consider increasing image size(s) (especially if they have text) to make them easier to view
# Consider decreasing image size(s) to make them less dominant
&lt;!-- Creation --&gt;
# Well done on creating and uploading your own image! {{smile}}—this can also be listed on your user page as a social contribution
|6=
&lt;!-- Learning feature --&gt;
&lt;!-- Interwiki links ---&gt;
# Excellent in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] for first mention of key terms to [[w:|Wikipedia]] and/or [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]]
# Promising in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] for first mention of key terms to [[w:|Wikipedia]] and/or [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]]
# Two in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] for first mention of key terms to [[w:|Wikipedia]]. Also embed links to [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]].
# One in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki link]] for first mention of key term to [[w:|Wikipedia]]. Also embed links to [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]].
# Add in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] for first mention of key terms to [[w:|Wikipedia]] and/or [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]] (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
&lt;!-- Scenarios/examples/case studies --&gt;
# Excellent use of scenarios/examples/case studies
# Promising use of scenarios/examples/case studies
# Keep scenarios brief 
# Basic use of scenario/example/case study
# Placeholder use of scenarios/examples/case studies
Consider incorporating additional scenarios, examples, or case studies to illustrate key concepts. These could build on the Overview scenario or introduce new real-world situations in the main body of the chapter to demonstrate how the concepts apply in practice.
&lt;!-- Quiz --&gt;
# Excellent use of quiz question(s)
# Promising use of quiz question(s)
# Place each quiz question in the most relevant section
# Focus the quiz question(s) on the take-home messages
# Placeholder use of quiz question(s)
# Consider including quiz question(s) about the take-home messages
&lt;!-- Tables --&gt;
# Excellent use of [[Motivation and emotion/Wikiversity/Tables|table(s)]]
# Promising use of [[Motivation and emotion/Wikiversity/Tables|table(s)]]
# Include acknowledgement (e.g., citation(s)) for sources of information presented in the table
# Use APA style for table captions
# Add table caption
# Cite each table at least once in the text
# Also consider using [[Motivation and emotion/Wikiversity/Tables|table(s)]] to summarise key information
|7=
&lt;!-- References --&gt;
&lt;!-- Overall --&gt;
# Excellent
# Very good
# Good
# Basic
# Insufficient
# To be developed
&lt;!-- Systematic reviews --&gt;
# Well done on identifying relevant systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses
# At least one relevant systematic review and/or meta-analysis has been identified
# What are the most relevant systematic reviews/meta-analyses about this topic?
&lt;!-- Move --&gt;
# Move Wikipedia links to the &quot;See also&quot; section
# Move non-academic / non-peer reviewed sources to the &quot;External links&quot; section
&lt;!-- Citations --&gt;
# All references need in-text citation
# All citations need to be in the References
# Only include references which have been accessed and read
&lt;!-- APA style --&gt;
# Check and correct [https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/reference-guide.pdf APA referencing style]:
## alphabetical order
## capitalisation
## [[Help:Wikitext quick reference|italicisation]]
## [https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/reference-guide.pdf doi formatting]
## make doi hyperlinks active (i.e., clickable)
## use dois where available instead of other links
## include hyperlinked dois
## page numbers should be separated by an en-dash (–) rather than a hyphen (-)
# A more thorough literature search is recommended. The goal is to identify and use the best academic theory and research about this topic.
# Use APA style or wiki referencing style, but not both (currently, a mixture of referencing styles is used
# Don't cite AI-generated content because it is unreliable and not peer-reviewed. Instead, follow the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|using genAI guidelines]] which include acknowledging and linking to genAI use in edit summaries, otherwise it is a violation of academic integrity.
|8=
&lt;!-- Resources --&gt;
&lt;!-- See also --&gt;
# See also
## Excellent
## Very good
## Good
## Basic
## One of two link types provided
### Also link to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|motivation and emotion book chapters]]
### Also link to relevant [[w:|Wikipedia]] pages
## Use an internal link style as shown in [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]]
## Use bullet-points (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
## Use [[w:Letter case#Sentence casing|sentence casing]]
## Rename links so that they are more user friendly (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
## Include source in brackets after link (e.g., (Wikipedia) or (Book chapter, year) for Wikiversity book chapters)
## Use alphabetical order
## To be developed (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
## Link to the most relevant Wikiversity book chapters and Wikipedia resources about this topic
&lt;!-- External links --&gt;
# External links
## Excellent
## Very good
## Good
## Basic
## One of two required external links provided
## Move Wikipedia link(s) to the &quot;See also&quot; section
## Move academic sources into the &quot;References&quot; sections and provide in-text citation
## Only include links directly related to the sub-title
## Target an international audience; Australians only represent 0.33% of the world population
## Good choice of links, but poorly formatted (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
## Use bullet-points (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
## Use [[w:Letter case#Sentence casing|sentence casing]]
## Rename links so that they are more user friendly (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
## Include source in brackets after link
## Use alphabetical order
## To be developed (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
## Link to the most relevant external resources about this topic
|9=
&lt;!-- User page --&gt;
# Excellent
# Used effectively
# Very good
# Good
# Basic but effective
# Not created – see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]]
&lt;!-- Description about self --&gt;
# Excellent description about self provided
# Description about self provided
# Brief description about self – consider expanding
# Very brief description about self – consider expanding
# Add description about self
&lt;!-- Links to profile(s) --&gt;
# Link(s) provided to professional profile(s)
# Consider linking to your [https://portfolio.canberra.edu.au/ eportfolio] page and/or any other professional online profile or resume such as [https://www.linkedin.com/ LinkedIn]. This is not required, but it can be useful to interlink your professional networks.
&lt;!-- Link to book chapter --&gt;
# A link to the book chapter is provided
# Provide an internal link to the book chapter as shown in [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]]
# Rename the link to the book chapter to make it more user-friendly (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
# Add link to book chapter
|10=
&lt;!-- Social contribution --&gt;
# Excellent – at least three different types of contributions with direct link(s) to evidence
# Good – two out of three types of contributions made with direct link(s) to evidence. The other type of contribution is making:
# One out of three types of contributions made with direct link(s) to evidence. The other types of contribution are making:
#* direct improvements to other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters (past or current)]]
#* comments on the [[Help:Talk page|talk page]]s of other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters (past or current)]]
#* posts about the unit or project on the {{Motivation and emotion/Canvas}} discussion forum
# To add direct links to evidence of Wikiversity edits or comments: view the page history, select the version of the page before and after your contributions, click &quot;compare selected revisions&quot;, and paste the comparison URL on your user page. For more info, see [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Making and summarising social contributions|Making and summarising social contributions]]. This was demonstrated in [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing#Social contributions|Tutorial 2]].
# Are these contributions based on AI-generated content? If so, please follow the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|using genAI guidelines]], otherwise it is a violation of academic integrity.
# Well done on creating and uploading your own image!
# Use a numbered list (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
# Descriptions of contributions could be more precise/accurate/detailed
# Add a brief summary of each contribution
# Remember to sign comments on talk pages
# None summarised on user page with direct link(s) to evidence (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing#Social contributions|Tutorial 2]]). Looking ahead to the book chapter, see [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Socialcontribution|social contributions]].
}}
-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 08:58, 26 August 2026 (UTC)

==See also==
* [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Topic|Topic development guidelines]]
* [[Template:MEBF]]
* [[Template:MEMF]]

[[Category:Motivation and emotion/Admin/2026]]
[[Category:Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Topic]]
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{{Notice|1=&lt;b&gt;Seeking Guidance &amp; Peer Review:&lt;/b&gt; We are new to Wikiversity and building this open course. We warmly welcome advice, guidance, open resources, and peer feedback from experienced educators and community members on our [[Talk:Earthinators: Plastic Pollution to Circular Solutions|Discussion Page]].}}
{{Notice|1=&lt;b&gt;Thank You:&lt;/b&gt; We express our sincere thanks and gratitude to Wikiversity educators and administrators for welcoming us and guiding our course development.}}

= Earthinators: Plastic Systems, Governance &amp; Circular Solutions =

''A 5-week project on plastic lifecycles, global impacts, policies, and community action.''

[[File:Cow eating plastic waste beside roadside vegetation.jpg|thumb|300px|Cow eating plastic waste along a roadside.]]

== About the Course ==
Plastics are more than just waste. They help us understand how global environmental, social, and economic systems work.

'''Earthinators: Plastic Systems, Governance &amp; Circular Solutions''' is a free 5-week learning project. You will trace plastic from oil wells to oceans, policy frameworks, and local solutions.

You will also launch a project in your school, workplace, or community. This could mean advocating for a plastic bag ban, starting a refill campaign, or organizing a brand audit.

This course is completely open, self-paced, and collaborative.

== Core Educational Principles ==
# '''Learning is Social:''' Participants learn by sharing ideas and giving feedback on discussion pages.
# '''Learning Leads to Action:''' Every lesson helps you launch a real project in your community.

== Project Details ==
* '''School:''' [[School:Environmental science|School of Environmental Science]]
* '''Type:''' [[Wikiversity:Learning projects|Learning Project]]
* '''Time:''' 3 to 4 hours per week for 5 weeks.
* '''Format:''' Self-paced, asynchronous learning.

== Participants ==
Add your signature below to join the cohort:
# [[User:Earthinators|Earthinators Facilitator]] 15:13, 28 July 2026 (UTC)

== Learning Outcomes ==
By the end of this course, you will be able to:
* '''Apply Systems Thinking:''' Map the plastic lifecycle, global waste flows, and environmental impacts.
* '''Evaluate Policies:''' Discuss real laws like Extended Producer Responsibility, plastic bag bans, and bottle deposit systems.
* '''Launch a Project:''' Carry out a plastic reduction project in your local area.
* '''Reflect &amp; Share:''' Write a 1 to 2 page report sharing your results and lessons learned.
* '''Connect Globally:''' Work with an international group taking action against plastic pollution.

== 5-Week Outline ==

=== [[/Week_1_Global_Plastic_System|Week 1: The Global Plastic System]] ===
* '''1.1 History of Plastics:''' From Bakelite to modern throwaway culture.
* '''1.2 Plastic Lifecycle:''' From oil refining to resin codes (#1 PET to #7 OTHER).
* '''1.3 Global Waste Flows:''' How mismanaged trash enters rivers and oceans.
* '''1.4 Environmental Justice:''' Refining impacts, waste trade, and waste pickers.

=== [[/Week_2_Ecological_and_Health_Impacts|Week 2: Environmental &amp; Health Impacts]] ===
* '''2.1 Climate Connections:''' Carbon emissions from production and trash burning.
* '''2.2 Ecosystem Hazards:''' Wildlife entanglement, ingestion, and chemical leaching.
* '''2.3 Microplastics Crisis:''' Microbeads, synthetic fibers, and human exposure.
* '''2.4 Ocean Pollution:''' River vectors and ocean garbage patches.

=== [[/Week_3_Environmental_Policy_and_Governance|Week 3: Plastic Policy &amp; Governance]] ===
* '''3.1 Systems Thinking:''' Leverage points and the UN Global Plastics Treaty.
* '''3.2 Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR):''' Making manufacturers pay for waste.
* '''3.3 Recycling Limits:''' Mechanical recycling constraints and chemical recycling claims.
* '''3.4 Real-World Laws:''' Evaluating bag bans, fees, and deposit systems.

=== [[/Week_4_Materials_Innovation_and_Greenwashing|Week 4: Alternatives &amp; Greenwashing]] ===
* '''4.1 Upcycling:''' Ecobricks, structural reuse, and chemical safety.
* '''4.2 Environmental Art:''' Using art installations for community awareness.
* '''4.3 Bioplastics:''' Plant plastics (PLA, PHA) and industrial composting needs.
* '''4.4 Greenwashing:''' Spotting fake eco-claims and reading labels.

=== [[/Week_5_Circular_Economies_and_Local_Action|Week 5: Taking Local Action]] ===
* '''5.1 Zero-Waste Models:''' Refill shops, repair cafés, and reusable container systems.
* '''5.2 Citizen Science:''' Cleanups and corporate brand audits.
* '''5.3 Beyond Plastic:''' Degrowth, redesign, and material reduction.
* '''5.4 Capstone Project:''' Launching your project and sharing your reflection report.

== Related Resources ==
* [[w:Plastic pollution|Plastic Pollution Article on Wikipedia]]
* [[c:Category:Plastic_pollution|Plastic Pollution Media on Wikimedia Commons]]
* [[d:Q7202090|Plastic Pollution Data on Wikidata]]
* [[w:Circular economy|Circular Economy Portal on Wikipedia]]

[[Category:Resources under construction]]
[[Category:Environmental sciences]]
[[Category:Learning projects]]
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{{Notice|1=&lt;b&gt;Seeking Guidance &amp; Peer Review:&lt;/b&gt; We are new to Wikiversity and building this open course. We warmly welcome advice, guidance, open resources, and peer feedback from experienced educators and community members on our [[Talk:Earthinators: Plastic Pollution to Circular Solutions|Discussion Page]].}}
{{Notice|1=&lt;b&gt;Thank You:&lt;/b&gt; We express our sincere thanks and gratitude to Wikiversity educators and administrators for welcoming us and guiding our course development.}}

= Earthinators: Plastic Systems, Governance &amp; Circular Solutions =

''A 5-week project on plastic lifecycles, global impacts, policies, and community action.''

[[File:Cow eating plastic waste beside roadside vegetation.jpg|thumb|300px|Cow eating plastic waste along a roadside.]]

== About the Course ==
Plastics are more than just waste. They help us understand how global environmental, social, and economic systems work.

'''Earthinators: Plastic Systems, Governance &amp; Circular Solutions''' is a free 5-week learning project. You will trace plastic from oil wells to oceans, policy frameworks, and local solutions.

You will also launch a project in your school, workplace, or community. This could mean advocating for a plastic bag ban, starting a refill campaign, or organizing a brand audit.

This course is completely open, self-paced, and collaborative.

== Core Educational Principles ==
# '''Learning is Social:''' Participants learn by sharing ideas and giving feedback on discussion pages.
# '''Learning Leads to Action:''' Every lesson helps you launch a real project in your community.

== Project Details ==
* '''School:''' [[School:Environmental science|School of Environmental Science]]
* '''Type:''' [[Wikiversity:Learning projects|Learning Project]]
* '''Time:''' 3 to 4 hours per week for 5 weeks.
* '''Format:''' Self-paced, asynchronous learning.

== Participants ==
Add your signature below to join the cohort:
# [[User:Earthinators|Earthinators Facilitator]] 15:13, 28 July 2026 (UTC)

== Learning Outcomes ==
By the end of this course, you will be able to:
* '''Apply Systems Thinking:''' Map the plastic lifecycle, global waste flows, and environmental impacts.
* '''Evaluate Policies:''' Discuss real laws like Extended Producer Responsibility, plastic bag bans, and bottle deposit systems.
* '''Launch a Project:''' Carry out a plastic reduction project in your local area.
* '''Reflect &amp; Share:''' Write a 1 to 2 page report sharing your results and lessons learned.
* '''Connect Globally:''' Work with an international group taking action against plastic pollution.

== 5-Week Outline ==

=== [[/Week_1_Global_Plastic_System|Week 1: The Global Plastic System]] ===
* '''1.1 History of Plastics:''' From Bakelite to modern throwaway culture.
* '''1.2 Plastic Lifecycle:''' From oil refining to resin codes (#1 PET to #7 OTHER).
* '''1.3 Global Waste Flows:''' How mismanaged trash enters rivers and oceans.
* '''1.4 Environmental Justice:''' Refining impacts, waste trade, and waste pickers.

=== [[/Week_2_Ecological_and_Health_Impacts|Week 2: Environmental &amp; Health Impacts]] ===
* '''2.1 Climate Connections:''' Carbon emissions from production and trash burning.
* '''2.2 Ecosystem Hazards:''' Wildlife entanglement, ingestion, and chemical leaching.
* '''2.3 Microplastics Crisis:''' Microbeads, synthetic fibers, and human exposure.
* '''2.4 Ocean Pollution:''' River vectors and ocean garbage patches.

=== [[/Week_3_Environmental_Policy_and_Governance|Week 3: Plastic Policy &amp; Governance]] ===
* '''3.1 Systems Thinking:''' Leverage points and the UN Global Plastics Treaty.
* '''3.2 Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR):''' Making manufacturers pay for waste.
* '''3.3 Recycling Limits:''' Mechanical recycling constraints and chemical recycling claims.
* '''3.4 Real-World Laws:''' Evaluating bag bans, fees, and deposit systems.

=== [[/Week_4_Materials_Innovation_and_Greenwashing|Week 4: Alternatives &amp; Greenwashing]] ===
* '''4.1 Upcycling:''' Ecobricks, structural reuse, and chemical safety.
* '''4.2 Environmental Art:''' Using art installations for community awareness.
* '''4.3 Bioplastics:''' Plant plastics (PLA, PHA) and industrial composting needs.
* '''4.4 Greenwashing:''' Spotting fake eco-claims and reading labels.

=== [[/Week_5_Circular_Economies_and_Local_Action|Week 5: Taking Local Action]] ===
* '''5.1 Zero-Waste Models:''' Refill shops, repair cafés, and reusable container systems.
* '''5.2 Citizen Science:''' Cleanups and corporate brand audits.
* '''5.3 Beyond Plastic:''' Degrowth, redesign, and material reduction.
* '''5.4 Capstone Project:''' Launching your project and sharing your reflection report.

== Related Resources ==
* [[w:Plastic pollution|Plastic Pollution Article on Wikipedia]]
* [[c:Category:Plastic_pollution|Plastic Pollution Media on Wikimedia Commons]]
* [[d:Q7202090|Plastic Pollution Data on Wikidata]]
* [[w:Circular economy|Circular Economy Portal on Wikipedia]]

[[Category:Resources under construction]]
[[Category:Environmental sciences]]
[[Category:Learning projects]]
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&lt;!-- 1. CENTERED HERO (Abstract Wikipedia Style) --&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; margin: 15px 0 25px 0;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 56px; line-height: 1; margin-bottom: 8px;&quot;&gt;🌍&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Cambria, serif; font-size: 30px; color: #202122; display: inline-block; border-bottom: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding-bottom: 4px; margin-bottom: 8px;&quot;&gt;Welcome to Earthinators&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 14.5px; color: #202122; margin-top: 6px;&quot;&gt;Earthinators is a youth-led [[School:Environmental science|open learning project]] for circular sustainability that anyone can join.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12px; color: #54595d; margin-top: 8px;&quot;&gt;
[[Earthinators: Plastic Pollution to Circular Solutions|&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3366cc; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;5-week&lt;/span&gt; open course]] &amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #3366cc; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Free&lt;/span&gt; study guides &amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp; [[Talk:Earthinators|&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3366cc; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Community&lt;/span&gt; discussion]]
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;!-- 2. 2x2 BOX GRID --&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 16px; margin-bottom: 25px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;!-- BOX 1: Welcome --&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;flex: 1 1 45%; min-width: 290px; background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #c8ccd1; border-radius: 8px; padding: 20px; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: space-between;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Cambria, serif; font-size: 20px; color: #202122; border-bottom: 1px solid #eaecf0; padding-bottom: 8px; margin-bottom: 14px;&quot;&gt;
📖 Welcome!
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 13.5px; line-height: 1.65; color: #202122;&quot;&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-bottom: 10px;&quot;&gt;'''Earthinators''' is a borderless open knowledge and action movement hosted within the [[School:Environmental science|School of Environmental Science]].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Rooted in the tri-fold ethos of '''&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c2410c;&quot;&gt;Earth&lt;/span&gt;''' (dedication to our living planet), '''People''' (truth guiding our conduct), and '''&lt;span style=&quot;color: #15803d;&quot;&gt;Movement&lt;/span&gt;''' (continuous forward action), we unite environmental science, governance study, and grassroots community solutions.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;!-- BOX 2: How It Works --&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;flex: 1 1 45%; min-width: 290px; background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #c8ccd1; border-radius: 8px; padding: 20px; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: space-between;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Cambria, serif; font-size: 20px; color: #202122; border-bottom: 1px solid #eaecf0; padding-bottom: 8px; margin-bottom: 14px;&quot;&gt;
🌱 How It Works
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 13.5px; line-height: 1.7; color: #202122;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 6px;&quot;&gt;'''1. Choose your track:''' Pick an open course or study guide.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 6px;&quot;&gt;'''2. Sign up:''' Add your username to the participant cohort table on the course page.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 6px;&quot;&gt;'''3. Complete weekly tasks:''' Share field observations, audit data, and reflections.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''4. Publish &amp; certify:''' Submit your reflection report to receive the [[Template:User Earthinators|Earthinators Userbox]].&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;!-- BOX 3: Climate School &amp; Courses --&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;flex: 1 1 45%; min-width: 290px; background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #c8ccd1; border-radius: 8px; padding: 20px; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: space-between;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Cambria, serif; font-size: 20px; color: #202122; border-bottom: 1px solid #eaecf0; padding-bottom: 8px; margin-bottom: 14px;&quot;&gt;
🎓 Climate School &amp; Courses
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;background: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #eaecf0; border-left: 4px solid #3366cc; border-radius: 4px; padding: 12px; margin-bottom: 14px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 4px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: #202122; font-size: 13.5px;&quot;&gt;[[Earthinators: Plastic Pollution to Circular Solutions|Plastic to Circular Solutions]]&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background: #e8f5e9; color: #166534; border: 1px solid #bbf7d0; font-size: 10px; font-weight: bold; text-transform: uppercase; padding: 1px 6px; border-radius: 3px;&quot;&gt;5 Weeks · Open&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12.5px; color: #54595d; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 6px;&quot;&gt;
Traces the global plastic lifecycle from fossil fuel wells to marine ecosystems, ending in a community circular action project.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold; text-transform: uppercase; color: #54595d; letter-spacing: 0.05em; margin-bottom: 8px;&quot;&gt;Curriculum Focus Areas:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.6; color: #202122; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 6px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div&gt;🌿 '''Climate Literacy:''' Carbon cycles, polymer chemistry (#1–#7), and global energy transitions.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;🏙️ '''Community Resilience:''' Zero-waste frameworks, urban composting, and refill systems.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;📣 '''Grassroots Leadership:''' Running brand audits, organizing cleanups, and local policy advocacy.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 16px;&quot;&gt;
[https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Earthinators:_Plastic_Pollution_to_Circular_Solutions &lt;span style=&quot;display: block; text-align: center; background: #f0f4fc; color: #3366cc; border: 1px solid #bfdbfe; padding: 7px 12px; border-radius: 4px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.5px; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Explore Course Syllabus →&lt;/span&gt;]
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;!-- BOX 4: Community &amp; Resources --&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;flex: 1 1 45%; min-width: 290px; background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #c8ccd1; border-radius: 8px; padding: 20px; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: space-between;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Cambria, serif; font-size: 20px; color: #202122; border-bottom: 1px solid #eaecf0; padding-bottom: 8px; margin-bottom: 14px;&quot;&gt;
🤝 Community &amp; Resources
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;background: #fdfdfe; border: 1px solid #eaecf0; border-left: 4px solid #16a34a; border-radius: 4px; padding: 12px; margin-bottom: 14px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: #202122; font-size: 13.5px; margin-bottom: 4px;&quot;&gt;Join the Cohort Forum&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12.5px; color: #54595d; line-height: 1.5;&quot;&gt;
Connect with educators, mentors, and fellow youth stewards on our discussion portal to ask questions or suggest course materials.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold; text-transform: uppercase; color: #54595d; letter-spacing: 0.05em; margin-bottom: 8px;&quot;&gt;Field Action &amp; Data:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.6; color: #202122; margin-bottom: 12px;&quot;&gt;
🔬 '''Break Free From Plastic Brand Audits:''' Field methodology documenting packaging waste to hold manufacturers accountable.
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold; text-transform: uppercase; color: #54595d; letter-spacing: 0.05em; margin-bottom: 8px;&quot;&gt;Related Wikimedia Knowledge:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 6px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background: #f1f5f9; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; padding: 2px 8px; border-radius: 12px; font-size: 11.5px;&quot;&gt;[[w:Plastic pollution|Plastic Pollution ↗]]&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background: #f1f5f9; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; padding: 2px 8px; border-radius: 12px; font-size: 11.5px;&quot;&gt;[[w:Climate change|Climate Change ↗]]&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background: #f1f5f9; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; padding: 2px 8px; border-radius: 12px; font-size: 11.5px;&quot;&gt;[[w:Circular economy|Circular Economy ↗]]&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 16px;&quot;&gt;
[https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Earthinators&amp;action=edit &lt;span style=&quot;display: block; text-align: center; background: #f0fdf4; color: #166534; border: 1px solid #bbf7d0; padding: 7px 12px; border-radius: 4px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.5px; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Join Discussion Page →&lt;/span&gt;]
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;!-- 3. PROJECT CLASSIFICATIONS (Centered with Equal Spacing) --&gt;
{| style=&quot;margin: 25px auto 15px auto; border-spacing: 12px; border-collapse: separate; background: transparent;&quot;
| {{Learning project}}
| {{course}}
| {{environmental science}}
|}

&lt;!-- CATEGORIES --&gt;
[[Category:Earthinators]]
[[Category:Environmental sciences]]
[[Category:Courses]]
[[Category:Learning projects]]
[[Category:Resources under construction]]</text>
      <sha1>jt8farwxro0k46meeyn4ukyiq5gu55e</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2833229</id>
      <parentid>2833226</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-15T00:23:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Earthinators</username>
        <id>3102737</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>2833229</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8567" sha1="m4yjaw0b5ztqhk7we8oxswtcog45upk" xml:space="preserve">&lt;!-- 1. CENTERED HERO (Abstract Wikipedia Style) --&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; margin: 15px 0 25px 0;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 56px; line-height: 1; margin-bottom: 8px;&quot;&gt;🌍&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Cambria, serif; font-size: 30px; color: #202122; display: inline-block; border-bottom: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding-bottom: 4px; margin-bottom: 8px;&quot;&gt;Welcome to Earthinators&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 14.5px; color: #202122; margin-top: 6px;&quot;&gt;Earthinators is a youth-led [[School:Environmental science|open learning project]] for circular sustainability that anyone can join.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12px; color: #54595d; margin-top: 8px;&quot;&gt;
[[Earthinators: Plastic Pollution to Circular Solutions|&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3366cc; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;5-week&lt;/span&gt; open course]] &amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #3366cc; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Free&lt;/span&gt; study guides &amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp; [[Talk:Earthinators|&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3366cc; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Community&lt;/span&gt; discussion]]
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;!-- 2. 2x2 BOX GRID --&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 16px; margin-bottom: 25px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;!-- BOX 1: Welcome --&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;flex: 1 1 45%; min-width: 290px; background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #c8ccd1; border-radius: 8px; padding: 20px; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: space-between;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Cambria, serif; font-size: 20px; color: #202122; border-bottom: 1px solid #eaecf0; padding-bottom: 8px; margin-bottom: 14px;&quot;&gt;
📖 Welcome!
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 13.5px; line-height: 1.65; color: #202122;&quot;&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-bottom: 10px;&quot;&gt;'''Earthinators''' is a borderless open knowledge and action movement hosted within the [[School:Environmental science|School of Environmental Science]].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Rooted in the tri-fold ethos of '''&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c2410c;&quot;&gt;Earth&lt;/span&gt;''' (dedication to our living planet), '''People''' (truth guiding our conduct), and '''&lt;span style=&quot;color: #15803d;&quot;&gt;Movement&lt;/span&gt;''' (continuous forward action), we unite environmental science, governance study, and grassroots community solutions.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;!-- BOX 2: How It Works --&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;flex: 1 1 45%; min-width: 290px; background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #c8ccd1; border-radius: 8px; padding: 20px; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: space-between;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Cambria, serif; font-size: 20px; color: #202122; border-bottom: 1px solid #eaecf0; padding-bottom: 8px; margin-bottom: 14px;&quot;&gt;
🌱 How It Works
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 13.5px; line-height: 1.7; color: #202122;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 6px;&quot;&gt;'''1. Choose your track:''' Pick an open course or study guide.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 6px;&quot;&gt;'''2. Sign up:''' Add your username to the participant cohort table on the course page.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 6px;&quot;&gt;'''3. Complete weekly tasks:''' Share field observations, audit data, and reflections.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''4. Publish &amp; certify:''' Submit your reflection report to receive the [[Template:User Earthinators|Earthinators Userbox]].&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;!-- BOX 3: Climate School &amp; Courses --&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;flex: 1 1 45%; min-width: 290px; background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #c8ccd1; border-radius: 8px; padding: 20px; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: space-between;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Cambria, serif; font-size: 20px; color: #202122; border-bottom: 1px solid #eaecf0; padding-bottom: 8px; margin-bottom: 14px;&quot;&gt;
🎓 Climate School &amp; Courses
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;background: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #eaecf0; border-left: 4px solid #3366cc; border-radius: 4px; padding: 12px; margin-bottom: 14px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 4px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: #202122; font-size: 13.5px;&quot;&gt;[[Earthinators: Plastic Pollution to Circular Solutions|Plastic to Circular Solutions]]&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background: #e8f5e9; color: #166534; border: 1px solid #bbf7d0; font-size: 10px; font-weight: bold; text-transform: uppercase; padding: 1px 6px; border-radius: 3px;&quot;&gt;5 Weeks · Open&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12.5px; color: #54595d; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 6px;&quot;&gt;
Traces the global plastic lifecycle from fossil fuel wells to marine ecosystems, ending in a community circular action project.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold; text-transform: uppercase; color: #54595d; letter-spacing: 0.05em; margin-bottom: 8px;&quot;&gt;Curriculum Focus Areas:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.6; color: #202122; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 6px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div&gt;🌿 '''Climate Literacy:''' Carbon cycles, polymer chemistry (#1–#7), and global energy transitions.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;🏙️ '''Community Resilience:''' Zero-waste frameworks, urban composting, and refill systems.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;📣 '''Grassroots Leadership:''' Running brand audits, organizing cleanups, and local policy advocacy.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 16px;&quot;&gt;
[https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Earthinators:_Plastic_Pollution_to_Circular_Solutions &lt;span style=&quot;display: block; text-align: center; background: #f0f4fc; color: #3366cc; border: 1px solid #bfdbfe; padding: 7px 12px; border-radius: 4px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.5px; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Explore Course Syllabus →&lt;/span&gt;]
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;!-- BOX 4: Community &amp; Resources --&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;flex: 1 1 45%; min-width: 290px; background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #c8ccd1; border-radius: 8px; padding: 20px; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: space-between;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Cambria, serif; font-size: 20px; color: #202122; border-bottom: 1px solid #eaecf0; padding-bottom: 8px; margin-bottom: 14px;&quot;&gt;
🤝 Community &amp; Resources
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;background: #fdfdfe; border: 1px solid #eaecf0; border-left: 4px solid #16a34a; border-radius: 4px; padding: 12px; margin-bottom: 14px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: #202122; font-size: 13.5px; margin-bottom: 4px;&quot;&gt;Join the Cohort Forum&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12.5px; color: #54595d; line-height: 1.5;&quot;&gt;
Connect with educators, mentors, and fellow youth stewards on our discussion portal to ask questions or suggest course materials.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold; text-transform: uppercase; color: #54595d; letter-spacing: 0.05em; margin-bottom: 8px;&quot;&gt;Field Action &amp; Data:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.6; color: #202122; margin-bottom: 12px;&quot;&gt;
🔬 '''Break Free From Plastic Brand Audits:''' Field methodology documenting packaging waste to hold manufacturers accountable.
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold; text-transform: uppercase; color: #54595d; letter-spacing: 0.05em; margin-bottom: 8px;&quot;&gt;Related Wikimedia Knowledge:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 6px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background: #f1f5f9; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; padding: 2px 8px; border-radius: 12px; font-size: 11.5px;&quot;&gt;[[w:Plastic pollution|Plastic Pollution ↗]]&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background: #f1f5f9; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; padding: 2px 8px; border-radius: 12px; font-size: 11.5px;&quot;&gt;[[w:Climate change|Climate Change ↗]]&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background: #f1f5f9; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; padding: 2px 8px; border-radius: 12px; font-size: 11.5px;&quot;&gt;[[w:Circular economy|Circular Economy ↗]]&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 16px;&quot;&gt;
[https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Earthinators&amp;action=edit &lt;span style=&quot;display: block; text-align: center; background: #f0fdf4; color: #166534; border: 1px solid #bbf7d0; padding: 7px 12px; border-radius: 4px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.5px; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Join Discussion Page →&lt;/span&gt;]
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;!-- 3. PROJECT CLASSIFICATIONS (Centered with Equal Spacing) --&gt;
{| style=&quot;margin: 25px auto 15px auto; border-spacing: 12px; border-collapse: separate; background: transparent;&quot;
| {{Learning project}}
| {{course}}
| {{environmental science}}
|}

&lt;!-- CATEGORIES --&gt;
[[Category:Earthinators]]
[[Category:Environmental sciences]]
[[Category:Courses]]
[[Category:Learning projects]]
[[Category:Resources under construction]]</text>
      <sha1>m4yjaw0b5ztqhk7we8oxswtcog45upk</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2833240</id>
      <parentid>2833229</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-15T00:58:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Earthinators</username>
        <id>3102737</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>2833240</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8629" sha1="t7gu6sf7dqdzc4psgdp6um7v94di0v0" xml:space="preserve">&lt;!-- 1. CENTERED HERO (Abstract Wikipedia Style) --&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; margin: 15px 0 25px 0;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 56px; line-height: 1; margin-bottom: 8px;&quot;&gt;🌍&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Cambria, serif; font-size: 30px; color: #202122; display: inline-block; border-bottom: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding-bottom: 4px; margin-bottom: 8px;&quot;&gt;Welcome to Earthinators&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 14.5px; color: #202122; margin-top: 6px;&quot;&gt;A youth-led global movement and [[School:Environmental science|open learning project]] dedicated to transforming our planet into a resilient biosphere of circular solutions that anyone can join.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12px; color: #54595d; margin-top: 8px;&quot;&gt;
[[Earthinators: Plastic Pollution to Circular Solutions|&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3366cc; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;5-week&lt;/span&gt; open course]] &amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #3366cc; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Free&lt;/span&gt; study guides &amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp; [[Talk:Earthinators|&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3366cc; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Community&lt;/span&gt; discussion]]
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;!-- 2. 2x2 BOX GRID --&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 16px; margin-bottom: 25px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;!-- BOX 1: Welcome --&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;flex: 1 1 45%; min-width: 290px; background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #c8ccd1; border-radius: 8px; padding: 20px; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: space-between;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Cambria, serif; font-size: 20px; color: #202122; border-bottom: 1px solid #eaecf0; padding-bottom: 8px; margin-bottom: 14px;&quot;&gt;
📖 Welcome!
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 13.5px; line-height: 1.65; color: #202122;&quot;&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-bottom: 10px;&quot;&gt;'''Earthinators''' is a borderless open knowledge and action movement hosted within the [[School:Environmental science|School of Environmental Science]].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Rooted in the tri-fold ethos of '''&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c2410c;&quot;&gt;Earth&lt;/span&gt;''' (dedication to our living planet), '''People''' (truth guiding our conduct), and '''&lt;span style=&quot;color: #15803d;&quot;&gt;Movement&lt;/span&gt;''' (continuous forward action), we unite environmental science, governance study, and grassroots community solutions.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;!-- BOX 2: How It Works --&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;flex: 1 1 45%; min-width: 290px; background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #c8ccd1; border-radius: 8px; padding: 20px; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: space-between;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Cambria, serif; font-size: 20px; color: #202122; border-bottom: 1px solid #eaecf0; padding-bottom: 8px; margin-bottom: 14px;&quot;&gt;
🌱 How It Works
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 13.5px; line-height: 1.7; color: #202122;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 6px;&quot;&gt;'''1. Choose your track:''' Pick an open course or study guide.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 6px;&quot;&gt;'''2. Sign up:''' Add your username to the participant cohort table on the course page.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 6px;&quot;&gt;'''3. Complete weekly tasks:''' Share field observations, audit data, and reflections.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''4. Publish &amp; certify:''' Submit your reflection report to receive the [[Template:User Earthinators|Earthinators Userbox]].&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;!-- BOX 3: Climate School &amp; Courses --&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;flex: 1 1 45%; min-width: 290px; background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #c8ccd1; border-radius: 8px; padding: 20px; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: space-between;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Cambria, serif; font-size: 20px; color: #202122; border-bottom: 1px solid #eaecf0; padding-bottom: 8px; margin-bottom: 14px;&quot;&gt;
🎓 Climate School &amp; Courses
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;background: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #eaecf0; border-left: 4px solid #3366cc; border-radius: 4px; padding: 12px; margin-bottom: 14px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 4px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: #202122; font-size: 13.5px;&quot;&gt;[[Earthinators: Plastic Pollution to Circular Solutions|Plastic to Circular Solutions]]&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background: #e8f5e9; color: #166534; border: 1px solid #bbf7d0; font-size: 10px; font-weight: bold; text-transform: uppercase; padding: 1px 6px; border-radius: 3px;&quot;&gt;5 Weeks · Open&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12.5px; color: #54595d; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 6px;&quot;&gt;
Traces the global plastic lifecycle from fossil fuel wells to marine ecosystems, ending in a community circular action project.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold; text-transform: uppercase; color: #54595d; letter-spacing: 0.05em; margin-bottom: 8px;&quot;&gt;Curriculum Focus Areas:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.6; color: #202122; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 6px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div&gt;🌿 '''Climate Literacy:''' Carbon cycles, polymer chemistry (#1–#7), and global energy transitions.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;🏙️ '''Community Resilience:''' Zero-waste frameworks, urban composting, and refill systems.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;📣 '''Grassroots Leadership:''' Running brand audits, organizing cleanups, and local policy advocacy.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 16px;&quot;&gt;
[https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Earthinators:_Plastic_Pollution_to_Circular_Solutions &lt;span style=&quot;display: block; text-align: center; background: #f0f4fc; color: #3366cc; border: 1px solid #bfdbfe; padding: 7px 12px; border-radius: 4px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.5px; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Explore Course Syllabus →&lt;/span&gt;]
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;!-- BOX 4: Community &amp; Resources --&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;flex: 1 1 45%; min-width: 290px; background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #c8ccd1; border-radius: 8px; padding: 20px; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: space-between;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Cambria, serif; font-size: 20px; color: #202122; border-bottom: 1px solid #eaecf0; padding-bottom: 8px; margin-bottom: 14px;&quot;&gt;
🤝 Community &amp; Resources
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;background: #fdfdfe; border: 1px solid #eaecf0; border-left: 4px solid #16a34a; border-radius: 4px; padding: 12px; margin-bottom: 14px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: #202122; font-size: 13.5px; margin-bottom: 4px;&quot;&gt;Join the Cohort Forum&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12.5px; color: #54595d; line-height: 1.5;&quot;&gt;
Connect with educators, mentors, and fellow youth stewards on our discussion portal to ask questions or suggest course materials.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold; text-transform: uppercase; color: #54595d; letter-spacing: 0.05em; margin-bottom: 8px;&quot;&gt;Field Action &amp; Data:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.6; color: #202122; margin-bottom: 12px;&quot;&gt;
🔬 '''Break Free From Plastic Brand Audits:''' Field methodology documenting packaging waste to hold manufacturers accountable.
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold; text-transform: uppercase; color: #54595d; letter-spacing: 0.05em; margin-bottom: 8px;&quot;&gt;Related Wikimedia Knowledge:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 6px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background: #f1f5f9; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; padding: 2px 8px; border-radius: 12px; font-size: 11.5px;&quot;&gt;[[w:Plastic pollution|Plastic Pollution ↗]]&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background: #f1f5f9; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; padding: 2px 8px; border-radius: 12px; font-size: 11.5px;&quot;&gt;[[w:Climate change|Climate Change ↗]]&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background: #f1f5f9; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; padding: 2px 8px; border-radius: 12px; font-size: 11.5px;&quot;&gt;[[w:Circular economy|Circular Economy ↗]]&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 16px;&quot;&gt;
[https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Earthinators&amp;action=edit &lt;span style=&quot;display: block; text-align: center; background: #f0fdf4; color: #166534; border: 1px solid #bbf7d0; padding: 7px 12px; border-radius: 4px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.5px; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Join Discussion Page →&lt;/span&gt;]
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;!-- 3. PROJECT CLASSIFICATIONS (Centered with Equal Spacing) --&gt;
{| style=&quot;margin: 25px auto 15px auto; border-spacing: 12px; border-collapse: separate; background: transparent;&quot;
| {{Learning project}}
| {{course}}
| {{environmental science}}
|}

&lt;!-- CATEGORIES --&gt;
[[Category:Earthinators]]
[[Category:Environmental sciences]]
[[Category:Courses]]
[[Category:Learning projects]]
[[Category:Resources under construction]]</text>
      <sha1>t7gu6sf7dqdzc4psgdp6um7v94di0v0</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2833241</id>
      <parentid>2833240</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-15T01:01:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Earthinators</username>
        <id>3102737</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>2833241</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8660" sha1="jdsa7uafskjyc2gisyxstcb2bpyqjoa" xml:space="preserve">&lt;!-- 1. CENTERED HERO (Balanced &amp; Fixed Links) --&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; margin: 15px auto 25px auto; max-width: 850px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 56px; line-height: 1; margin-bottom: 8px;&quot;&gt;🌍&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Cambria, serif; font-size: 30px; color: #202122; display: inline-block; border-bottom: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding-bottom: 4px; margin-bottom: 10px;&quot;&gt;Welcome to Earthinators&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 15px; color: #202122; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0 auto 10px auto; max-width: 720px;&quot;&gt;
A youth-led global movement and [[School:Environmental science|open learning project]],&lt;br/&gt;dedicated to circular solutions, ecological restoration, and planetary action.
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12px; color: #54595d;&quot;&gt;
[[Earthinators: Plastic Pollution to Circular Solutions|&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3366cc; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;5-week&lt;/span&gt; open course]] &amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp; 
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3366cc; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Free&lt;/span&gt; study guides &amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp; 
[[Talk:Earthinators|&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3366cc; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Community discussion&lt;/span&gt;]]
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;!-- 2. 2x2 BOX GRID --&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 16px; margin-bottom: 25px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;!-- BOX 1: Welcome --&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;flex: 1 1 45%; min-width: 290px; background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #c8ccd1; border-radius: 8px; padding: 20px; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: space-between;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Cambria, serif; font-size: 20px; color: #202122; border-bottom: 1px solid #eaecf0; padding-bottom: 8px; margin-bottom: 14px;&quot;&gt;
📖 Welcome!
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 13.5px; line-height: 1.65; color: #202122;&quot;&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-bottom: 10px;&quot;&gt;'''Earthinators''' is a borderless open knowledge and action movement hosted within the [[School:Environmental science|School of Environmental Science]].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Rooted in the tri-fold ethos of '''&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c2410c;&quot;&gt;Earth&lt;/span&gt;''' (dedication to our living planet), '''People''' (truth guiding our conduct), and '''&lt;span style=&quot;color: #15803d;&quot;&gt;Movement&lt;/span&gt;''' (continuous forward action), we unite environmental science, governance study, and grassroots community solutions.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;!-- BOX 2: How It Works --&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;flex: 1 1 45%; min-width: 290px; background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #c8ccd1; border-radius: 8px; padding: 20px; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: space-between;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Cambria, serif; font-size: 20px; color: #202122; border-bottom: 1px solid #eaecf0; padding-bottom: 8px; margin-bottom: 14px;&quot;&gt;
🌱 How It Works
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 13.5px; line-height: 1.7; color: #202122;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 6px;&quot;&gt;'''1. Choose your track:''' Pick an open course or study guide.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 6px;&quot;&gt;'''2. Sign up:''' Add your username to the participant cohort table on the course page.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 6px;&quot;&gt;'''3. Complete weekly tasks:''' Share field observations, audit data, and reflections.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''4. Publish &amp; certify:''' Submit your reflection report to receive the [[Template:User Earthinators|Earthinators Userbox]].&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;!-- BOX 3: Climate School &amp; Courses --&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;flex: 1 1 45%; min-width: 290px; background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #c8ccd1; border-radius: 8px; padding: 20px; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: space-between;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Cambria, serif; font-size: 20px; color: #202122; border-bottom: 1px solid #eaecf0; padding-bottom: 8px; margin-bottom: 14px;&quot;&gt;
🎓 Climate School &amp; Courses
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;background: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #eaecf0; border-left: 4px solid #3366cc; border-radius: 4px; padding: 12px; margin-bottom: 14px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 4px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: #202122; font-size: 13.5px;&quot;&gt;[[Earthinators: Plastic Pollution to Circular Solutions|Plastic to Circular Solutions]]&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background: #e8f5e9; color: #166534; border: 1px solid #bbf7d0; font-size: 10px; font-weight: bold; text-transform: uppercase; padding: 1px 6px; border-radius: 3px;&quot;&gt;5 Weeks · Open&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12.5px; color: #54595d; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 6px;&quot;&gt;
Traces the global plastic lifecycle from fossil fuel wells to marine ecosystems, ending in a community circular action project.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold; text-transform: uppercase; color: #54595d; letter-spacing: 0.05em; margin-bottom: 8px;&quot;&gt;Curriculum Focus Areas:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.6; color: #202122; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 6px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div&gt;🌿 '''Climate Literacy:''' Carbon cycles, polymer chemistry (#1–#7), and global energy transitions.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;🏙️ '''Community Resilience:''' Zero-waste frameworks, urban composting, and refill systems.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;📣 '''Grassroots Leadership:''' Running brand audits, organizing cleanups, and local policy advocacy.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 16px;&quot;&gt;
[https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Earthinators:_Plastic_Pollution_to_Circular_Solutions &lt;span style=&quot;display: block; text-align: center; background: #f0f4fc; color: #3366cc; border: 1px solid #bfdbfe; padding: 7px 12px; border-radius: 4px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.5px; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Explore Course Syllabus →&lt;/span&gt;]
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;!-- BOX 4: Community &amp; Resources --&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;flex: 1 1 45%; min-width: 290px; background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #c8ccd1; border-radius: 8px; padding: 20px; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: space-between;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Cambria, serif; font-size: 20px; color: #202122; border-bottom: 1px solid #eaecf0; padding-bottom: 8px; margin-bottom: 14px;&quot;&gt;
🤝 Community &amp; Resources
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;background: #fdfdfe; border: 1px solid #eaecf0; border-left: 4px solid #16a34a; border-radius: 4px; padding: 12px; margin-bottom: 14px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: #202122; font-size: 13.5px; margin-bottom: 4px;&quot;&gt;Join the Cohort Forum&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12.5px; color: #54595d; line-height: 1.5;&quot;&gt;
Connect with educators, mentors, and fellow youth stewards on our discussion portal to ask questions or suggest course materials.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold; text-transform: uppercase; color: #54595d; letter-spacing: 0.05em; margin-bottom: 8px;&quot;&gt;Field Action &amp; Data:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.6; color: #202122; margin-bottom: 12px;&quot;&gt;
🔬 '''Break Free From Plastic Brand Audits:''' Field methodology documenting packaging waste to hold manufacturers accountable.
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold; text-transform: uppercase; color: #54595d; letter-spacing: 0.05em; margin-bottom: 8px;&quot;&gt;Related Wikimedia Knowledge:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 6px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background: #f1f5f9; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; padding: 2px 8px; border-radius: 12px; font-size: 11.5px;&quot;&gt;[[w:Plastic pollution|Plastic Pollution ↗]]&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background: #f1f5f9; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; padding: 2px 8px; border-radius: 12px; font-size: 11.5px;&quot;&gt;[[w:Climate change|Climate Change ↗]]&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background: #f1f5f9; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; padding: 2px 8px; border-radius: 12px; font-size: 11.5px;&quot;&gt;[[w:Circular economy|Circular Economy ↗]]&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 16px;&quot;&gt;
[https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Earthinators&amp;action=edit &lt;span style=&quot;display: block; text-align: center; background: #f0fdf4; color: #166534; border: 1px solid #bbf7d0; padding: 7px 12px; border-radius: 4px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.5px; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Join Discussion Page →&lt;/span&gt;]
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;!-- 3. PROJECT CLASSIFICATIONS (Centered with Equal Spacing) --&gt;
{| style=&quot;margin: 25px auto 15px auto; border-spacing: 12px; border-collapse: separate; background: transparent;&quot;
| {{Learning project}}
| {{course}}
| {{environmental science}}
|}

&lt;!-- CATEGORIES --&gt;
[[Category:Earthinators]]
[[Category:Environmental sciences]]
[[Category:Courses]]
[[Category:Learning projects]]
[[Category:Resources under construction]]</text>
      <sha1>jdsa7uafskjyc2gisyxstcb2bpyqjoa</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2833242</id>
      <parentid>2833241</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-15T01:06:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Earthinators</username>
        <id>3102737</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>2833242</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8814" sha1="at29py9s3ieo8wokp8i2iw3ld9adbtb" xml:space="preserve">&lt;!-- 1. CENTERED HERO (With Moving Transparent Globe) --&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; margin: 15px auto 25px auto; max-width: 850px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 8px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Rotating earth (large) transparent.gif|75px|center|link=]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Cambria, serif; font-size: 30px; color: #202122; display: inline-block; border-bottom: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding-bottom: 4px; margin-bottom: 10px;&quot;&gt;Welcome to Earthinators&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 15px; color: #202122; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0 auto 10px auto; max-width: 720px;&quot;&gt;
A youth-led global movement and [[School:Environmental science|open learning project]],&lt;br/&gt;dedicated to circular solutions, ecological restoration, and planetary action.
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12px; color: #54595d;&quot;&gt;
[[Earthinators: Plastic Pollution to Circular Solutions|&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3366cc; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;5-week&lt;/span&gt; open course]] &amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp; 
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3366cc; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Free&lt;/span&gt; study guides &amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp; 
[[Talk:Earthinators|&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3366cc; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Community discussion&lt;/span&gt;]]
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;!-- 2. 2x2 BOX GRID --&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 16px; margin-bottom: 25px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;!-- BOX 1: Welcome --&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;flex: 1 1 45%; min-width: 290px; background: #ffffff; color: #202122; border: 1px solid #c8ccd1; border-radius: 8px; padding: 20px; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: space-between;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Cambria, serif; font-size: 20px; color: #202122; border-bottom: 1px solid #eaecf0; padding-bottom: 8px; margin-bottom: 14px;&quot;&gt;
📖 Welcome!
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 13.5px; line-height: 1.65; color: #202122;&quot;&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-bottom: 10px;&quot;&gt;'''Earthinators''' is a borderless open knowledge and action movement hosted within the [[School:Environmental science|School of Environmental Science]].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Rooted in the tri-fold ethos of '''&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c2410c;&quot;&gt;Earth&lt;/span&gt;''' (dedication to our living planet), '''People''' (truth guiding our conduct), and '''&lt;span style=&quot;color: #15803d;&quot;&gt;Movement&lt;/span&gt;''' (continuous forward action), we unite environmental science, governance study, and grassroots community solutions.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;!-- BOX 2: How It Works --&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;flex: 1 1 45%; min-width: 290px; background: #ffffff; color: #202122; border: 1px solid #c8ccd1; border-radius: 8px; padding: 20px; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: space-between;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Cambria, serif; font-size: 20px; color: #202122; border-bottom: 1px solid #eaecf0; padding-bottom: 8px; margin-bottom: 14px;&quot;&gt;
🌱 How It Works
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 13.5px; line-height: 1.7; color: #202122;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 6px;&quot;&gt;'''1. Choose your track:''' Pick an open course or study guide.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 6px;&quot;&gt;'''2. Sign up:''' Add your username to the participant cohort table on the course page.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 6px;&quot;&gt;'''3. Complete weekly tasks:''' Share field observations, audit data, and reflections.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''4. Publish &amp; certify:''' Submit your reflection report to receive the [[Template:User Earthinators|Earthinators Userbox]].&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;!-- BOX 3: Climate School &amp; Courses --&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;flex: 1 1 45%; min-width: 290px; background: #ffffff; color: #202122; border: 1px solid #c8ccd1; border-radius: 8px; padding: 20px; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: space-between;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Cambria, serif; font-size: 20px; color: #202122; border-bottom: 1px solid #eaecf0; padding-bottom: 8px; margin-bottom: 14px;&quot;&gt;
🎓 Climate School &amp; Courses
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;background: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; border: 1px solid #eaecf0; border-left: 4px solid #3366cc; border-radius: 4px; padding: 12px; margin-bottom: 14px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 4px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: #202122; font-size: 13.5px;&quot;&gt;[[Earthinators: Plastic Pollution to Circular Solutions|Plastic to Circular Solutions]]&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background: #e8f5e9; color: #166534; border: 1px solid #bbf7d0; font-size: 10px; font-weight: bold; text-transform: uppercase; padding: 1px 6px; border-radius: 3px;&quot;&gt;5 Weeks · Open&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12.5px; color: #54595d; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 6px;&quot;&gt;
Traces the global plastic lifecycle from fossil fuel wells to marine ecosystems, ending in a community circular action project.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold; text-transform: uppercase; color: #54595d; letter-spacing: 0.05em; margin-bottom: 8px;&quot;&gt;Curriculum Focus Areas:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.6; color: #202122; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 6px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div&gt;🌿 '''Climate Literacy:''' Carbon cycles, polymer chemistry (#1–#7), and global energy transitions.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;🏙️ '''Community Resilience:''' Zero-waste frameworks, urban composting, and refill systems.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;📣 '''Grassroots Leadership:''' Running brand audits, organizing cleanups, and local policy advocacy.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 16px;&quot;&gt;
[https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Earthinators:_Plastic_Pollution_to_Circular_Solutions &lt;span style=&quot;display: block; text-align: center; background: #f0f4fc; color: #3366cc; border: 1px solid #bfdbfe; padding: 7px 12px; border-radius: 4px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.5px; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Explore Course Syllabus →&lt;/span&gt;]
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;!-- BOX 4: Community &amp; Resources --&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;flex: 1 1 45%; min-width: 290px; background: #ffffff; color: #202122; border: 1px solid #c8ccd1; border-radius: 8px; padding: 20px; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: space-between;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
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🤝 Community &amp; Resources
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;background: #fdfdfe; color: #202122; border: 1px solid #eaecf0; border-left: 4px solid #16a34a; border-radius: 4px; padding: 12px; margin-bottom: 14px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: #202122; font-size: 13.5px; margin-bottom: 4px;&quot;&gt;Join the Cohort Forum&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12.5px; color: #54595d; line-height: 1.5;&quot;&gt;
Connect with educators, mentors, and fellow youth stewards on our discussion portal to ask questions or suggest course materials.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold; text-transform: uppercase; color: #54595d; letter-spacing: 0.05em; margin-bottom: 8px;&quot;&gt;Field Action &amp; Data:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.6; color: #202122; margin-bottom: 12px;&quot;&gt;
🔬 '''Break Free From Plastic Brand Audits:''' Field methodology documenting packaging waste to hold manufacturers accountable.
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold; text-transform: uppercase; color: #54595d; letter-spacing: 0.05em; margin-bottom: 8px;&quot;&gt;Related Wikimedia Knowledge:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 6px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background: #f1f5f9; color: #202122; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; padding: 2px 8px; border-radius: 12px; font-size: 11.5px;&quot;&gt;[[w:Plastic pollution|Plastic Pollution ↗]]&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background: #f1f5f9; color: #202122; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; padding: 2px 8px; border-radius: 12px; font-size: 11.5px;&quot;&gt;[[w:Climate change|Climate Change ↗]]&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background: #f1f5f9; color: #202122; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; padding: 2px 8px; border-radius: 12px; font-size: 11.5px;&quot;&gt;[[w:Circular economy|Circular Economy ↗]]&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 16px;&quot;&gt;
[https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Earthinators&amp;action=edit &lt;span style=&quot;display: block; text-align: center; background: #f0fdf4; color: #166534; border: 1px solid #bbf7d0; padding: 7px 12px; border-radius: 4px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.5px; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Join Discussion Page →&lt;/span&gt;]
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;!-- 3. PROJECT CLASSIFICATIONS (Centered with Equal Spacing) --&gt;
{| style=&quot;margin: 25px auto 15px auto; border-spacing: 12px; border-collapse: separate;&quot;
| {{Learning project}}
| {{course}}
| {{environmental science}}
|}

&lt;!-- CATEGORIES --&gt;
[[Category:Earthinators]]
[[Category:Environmental sciences]]
[[Category:Courses]]
[[Category:Learning projects]]
[[Category:Resources under construction]]</text>
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    <title>Motivation and emotion/Book/2026/Melatonin and seasonal mood</title>
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      <text bytes="11155" sha1="8k5igqf7sbs1wvvwhcm96g4l0njwavp" xml:space="preserve">{{title|Melatonin and seasonal mood:&lt;br&gt;What role does melatonin play in seasonal mood changes?}}
__TOC__

==Overview==

{{RoundBoxTop|theme=3}}
[[File:A picture is worth a thousand words.jpg|right|thumb|150px|'''Figure 1'''. Use a captioned image to illustrate the scenario]]

; Case study: Seasonal levels of melatonin near the Arctic Circle

Through explorations of the Arctic circle and the effects on mood and cognitive performance has on explorers, a study{{fact}} was conducted on why this would be the case. 

Circumpolar environments have been known for its changes in day night cycles as well as its temperature. 

Explorers within these research stations have reported increases in depressive symptoms. 

There was a hypothesis on being a link between melatonin production and the effects of the Arctic's seasonal characteristics. Especially the link of the light intensity and its suppression in producing melatonin{{g}}. 

{{RoundBoxBottom}}

{{expand}}

The Overview section should provide:
# '''Scenario''': A short, engaging case study or real-world example in a feature box, with an accompanying image (see above)
# '''Explanation of the problem, issue, or topic''': Briefly explain the problem, why it is important, and outline how psychological science can help
# '''Focus questions''': Unpack the sub-title into focus questions in a feature box

Recommended length: 180 to 330 words.

{{RoundBoxTop|theme=3}}
'''Focus questions'''

Break the sub-title down into three to five [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Focus questions|focus questions]]. Align the top-level headings with these focus questions.
* How is Melatonin produced?
* What seasonal effects have been shown on mood?
* Does irregular melatonin production have an impact on Seasonal Mood Disorders and if so why?

Ask [[w:Open-ended question|open-ended]] focus questions. For example:
* Is there a relationship between weather and criminal behaviour? (closed-ended)
* What is the relationship between weather and criminal behaviour? (open-ended)
{{RoundBoxBottom}}

==Melatonin==
[[File:Melatonin.svg|center|thumb|350x350px|Figure 1. Melatonin Chemical Structure]]

[[w:Melatonin|Melatonin]] is a hormone, best know through its function of regulating circadian rhythms. (Megha, et al, 2024)

* Indolamines, a family of neurotransmitters, that share a common molecular structure
* Produced in the Pineal Gland 
** For vertabres melatonin is produced in the dark
** Melatonin is a key signaling molecule that connects changes in external light conditions with changes
*** After the retina receives a light signal, it transmits the signal to the pineal gland which then transforms the light signal into melatonin.
*Circulars through the blood stream 
*Various tissues and oragans can secrete melatonin 
**but only the reinal tissue of the pineal glad and eyes show periodic secretory activity
**linking the biosysynthesis of melatonin shows that circidian rhythm and seasonal characteristics associated with external light conditions
** Meliska et al (2013)

=== Functions ===

* Sleep (regulates circadian changes)
*linked with light
*proctective effects on the nervous system
*Broad spectrum and antibacterial and immunoregularory functions 
*Even looking into melatonin's relations with fertility and reproduction 

=== Melatonin Synthesis and secretion ===
[[File:Melatonin mechanism.jpg|thumb|Figure 2. Mechanism of melatonin biosynthesis]]

* tryptohan excreted from the small instestine into the blood circulation and actively taken up by pineal cells
* AANAT converts the tryptohan hydroxlase into ASMT 
* catalyzes into melatonin
* cAMP-catalyzed proteins promotates formation of a complex 
* reduces the K (m) of serotonin, enhancing melatonin production
* Melatonin is released into the blood and spinal fluid
* blinds into plasma proteins
* Distructed throughout most tissues 

[[File:Melatonin production in 24 hour cycle.jpg|center|thumb|431x431px|Figure 3. Melatonin production in 24 hour cycle]]

=== Melatonin Fluctuations/Imbalance ===

* Melatonin release cycles over time 
* Temperature
* Circandian cycle and daylight changes

&lt;quiz display=&quot;simple&quot;&gt;
{1. Melatonin is produced by the?
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
+ Pineal Gland
- Cerebral Cortex
- Brain Stem 
- Retina 
 &lt;/quiz&gt;

== Seasonal Mood Disorders ==
Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)

* Part of the depression and bipolar family
*Combination of biological and mood disturbances through out different seasonal patterns
**Most commonly occurring during autumn and winter but cases have shown in the other seasons too ( Kurlanksik &amp; Ibay, 2012) 
*Light therapy has been shown to be effective for most patients showing clinical improvements within one to two weeks after the start of treatment ( Kurlanksik &amp; Ibay, 2012)  


== Studies ==

* Artic Study on melatonin and light 
* Effect on controlled-release melatonin on sleep quality, mood and quality of life in subjects with seasonal or weather-associated changes in mood and behaviour (2003)
** Double-blind trial
*** Group A Melatonin 
*** Group B placebo 
** Connected with the photoperiod not the weather-related aspect of the seasons 

==Key points==
For the topic development, for each heading and sub-heading:
* Provide at least three bullet-points, including for the Overview and Conclusion
* Include key citations

;Quizzes
* Using one or two quiz questions for each main section is better than a long quiz at the end
* Quiz ''conceptual'' understanding, rather than trivia. Ask about important information such as take-home messages
* Ask easy rather than hard questions
* Different types of quiz questions are possible; see [[Help:Quiz|Quiz]]

Example simple quiz questions. Choose your answers and click &quot;Submit&quot;:
&lt;quiz display=simple&gt;
{The purpose of quizzes is to provide an interactive learning feature:
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
+ True
- False

{Long and complex quiz questions are recommended:
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
- True
+ False
&lt;/quiz&gt;

==Conclusion==
* The Conclusion is arguably the most important section
* Draft clear take-home message(s), even at the topic development stage
* Together, the [[#Overview|Overview]] and Conclusion should summarise the problem, its significance, and how psychological science contributes to understanding and addressing it
* Recommended length: 150 to 330 words

{{tip|Suggestions for this section:
* What is the answer to the sub-title question based on psychological theory and research?
* What are the answers to the focus questions?
* What are the practical, take-home messages?
}}

==See also==
Provide [[Help:Contents/Links#Interwiki_links|internal (wiki) links]] to the most relevant Wikiversity pages (esp. related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|motivation and emotion book chapters]]) and [[w:|Wikipedia articles]]. Use [[w:Letter case#Sentence casing|sentence casing]] and alphabetical order. For example:
* [[w:Melatonin|Melatonin]] (Wikipedia)
* [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2021/Light triad|Light triad]] (Book chapter, 2021)
* [[w:Self determination theory|Self determination theory]] (Wikipedia)

{{tip|Suggestions for this section:
* Only select links to major internal resources about the topic
* Include the source in parentheses
}}

==References==
This section lists the cited references in [[w:APA style|APA style]] (7th ed.) or [[w:Wikipedia:Citing sources|wiki style]].

APA style example:
{{Hanging indent|1=

Kurlansik, Stuart &amp; Ibay, Annamarie. (2012). Seasonal affective disorder. American family physician. 86. 1037-41. 

Megha, K.B., Arathi, A., Shikha, S. et al. Significance of Melatonin in the Regulation of Circadian Rhythms and Disease Management. Mol Neurobiol 61, 5541–5571 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-024-03915-0

Meliska, C. J., Martínez, L. F., López, A. M., Sorenson, D. L., Nowakowski, S., Kripke, D. F., Elliott, J., &amp; Parry, B. L. (2013). Antepartum depression severity is increased during seasonally longer nights: relationship to melatonin and cortisol timing and quantity. Chronobiology international, 30(9), 1160–1173. https://doi.org/10.3109/07420528.2013.808652

Pääkkönen,T., Leppäluoto, J., Ikäheimo, T., &amp; Rintamäki, H., Ruokonen, A., Hassi, J., &amp; Palinkas, L., (2008). Seasonal Levels of Melatonin, Thyroid Hormones, Mood, and Cognition Near the Arctic Circle. Aviation, space, and environmental medicine. 79. 695-9. https://doi.org/10.3357/ASEM.2148.2008. 

}}

{{tip|Suggestions for this section:
* Wrap the set of references in the [[Template:Hanging indent|hanging indent template]]:
** Use &quot;Edit source&quot;
** &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Hanging indent|1= the full list of references}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
* Important aspects of APA referencing style
** Author surname, followed by a comma, then the author initials separated by full stops and spaces
** Year of publication in parentheses
** Title of work in lower case (except first letter and proper names), ending in a full-stop
** Journal title in italics, volume number in italics, issue number in parentheses, first and last page numbers separated by an en-dash(–), followed by a full-stop
** doi as a URL which is a working hyperlink (i.e., clickable)
* The most common mistakes include:
** Incorrect capitalisation
** Incorrect italicisation
** dois which aren't clickable as working hyperlinks
** Citing sources that haven't been consulted
}}

==External links==
Provide [[Help:Contents/Links#External_links|external links]] to highly relevant resources such as podcasts and videos, news articles, and professional sites. Use [[w:Letter case#Sentence casing|sentence casing]] and alphabetical order. For example:
* [https://students.unimelb.edu.au/academic-skills/explore-our-resources/essay-writing/six-top-tips-for-writing-a-great-essay Six top tips for writing a great essay] (University of Melbourne)
* [http://www.skillsyouneed.com/write/structure.html The importance of structure] (skillsyouneed.com)
* Antepartum Depression Severity is Increased During Seasonally Longer Nights: Relationship to Melatonin and Cortisol Timing and Quantity
* Effect of controlled-release melatonin on sleep quality, mood, and quality of life in subjects with seasonal or weather-associated changes in mood and behaviour
* Seasonal levels of melatonin, thyroid hormones, mood, and cognition near the Arctic Circle 
* Melatonin as a treatment for mood disorders: a systematic review
* Melatonin and agomelatine for preventing seasonal affective disorder
* Seasonal rhythms in mental health: a narrative scoping review of neurobiological mechanisms and therapeutic interventions   
* Melatonin Biosynthesis and regulation in reproduction 
* Seasonal changes in mood and behavior: A cluster analytic approach https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0165178189900498 
* Ngiam, Alicia. (2022). Light Deprivation and Its Effects. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/365021664_Light_Deprivation_and_Its_Effects 

{{tip|Suggestions for this section:
* Only select links to major external resources about the topic
* Include the source in parentheses after the link
}}

[[Category:{{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|3}}]]
[[Category:Motivation and emotion/Book/Mood]]
[[Category:Motivation and emotion/Book/Environment]]</text>
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    <title>Motivation and emotion/Book/2026/Sensation-seeking and dopamine</title>
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&lt;div align=center&gt;Edit the title and sub-title to match the wording (and casing) in the [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2025|2026 list of topics]].&lt;br&gt;[[Motivation and emotion/About/Staff|Seek approval]] for any changes.&lt;br&gt;Do not include your name (authorship is as per [[Special:History/{{PAGENAME}}|the page history]]).&lt;/div&gt;
__TOC__

==Overview==
{{RoundBoxTop|theme=3}}
[[File:Botellón at San Giovanni.jpg|right|thumb|210px|'''Figure 1'''. People part taking {{awkward}} in sensation-seeking]]

;Scenario

Jaemin often feels dull and struggles to maintain contentment by doing boring daily activities such as working and chores at home. 

On the weekend Jaemin tends to feel the happiest when going out partying, doing social smoking and getting laid. 

He feels alive but soon after the weekend is over falls back into his dull life just getting by till the next weekend to do it over again. 

{{RoundBoxBottom}}

Dopamine and Sensation-Seeking have a difficult relationship, especially in very different parts of the brain. As confusing as these two are together, they are essential to many decisions we make as people. From disorders such as ADHD and drug use attempting to search for something more, to individuals who may speed faster to feel the wind and a rush in their body. Both dopamine and sensation-seeking connect together neurologically to make these moments happen. But the question is why does this happen? and what is this relationship which happens in these moments? 

{{RoundBoxTop|theme=3}}
'''Focus questions'''

* What is the relationship between sensation-seeking and dopamine?
* What is the brains{{g}} part in creating dopamine and sensation-seeking? 
* Is there a reason why dopamine and sensation-seeking connect together?
* How has the neurobiological relationship evolved over time?

{{RoundBoxBottom}}

==Dopamine And Sensation-Seeking?==
{{ic|Include an intro
ductory paragraph before branching into sub-sections}}

=== What Is Dopamine? ===

=== What is Sensation-Seeking? ===
* What is dopamine?.
* What is sensation-seeking?.
* Why they are important?

== The Neurobiological Mechanics ==

=== Basal Ganglia ===

* Basal Ganglia consists of interconnected nuclei and works by receiving action plans, and executing plans (Reeves, 2024, Chapter 3).

=== Ventral Striatum ===

=== Ventral Tegmental (VTA) ===

* Ventral Tegmental is the main area in the Basal Ganglia which produces dopamine also known as (VTA), (Reeves, 2024, Chapter 3).

=== Nucleus Accumbens (NAc) ===

* The Nucleus Accumbens holds the core reward centre and processes pleasure within the brain and reinforcement (Reeves, 2024, Chapter 3).

* What parts of the brain create dopamine and sensation-seeking?
* How do they connect and interact with each other?

== The Relationship Of Dopamine And Sensation-Seeking ==
* How does Dopamine and Sensation-seeking work outside of the body?
* How does this effect individuals with high risk-taking?
* How has the relationship evolved over time?
* The dopamine system has been hypothesized to contribute to variations in sensation seeking between different individuals ([https://journals-sagepub-com.ezproxy.canberra.edu.au/doi/10.1177/0956797610380699 Derringer et al., 2010]) {{ic|Move citation links to References; use non-UC links}}.

[[File:Dopamine structure.svg|thumb|140x140px|'''Figure 2'''. The chemical compound of dopamine.]]

&lt;quiz display=&quot;simple&quot;&gt;
{Sensation-seeking can occur without releasing dopamine:
|type=&quot;( )&quot;}
- True
+ False

&lt;/quiz&gt;

==Conclusion==
* There is a neurobiological relationship between dopamine and sensation-seeking.
* The brain does have main areas which affects dopamine and sensation-seeking.
* The neurobiological relationship has evolved over time with research.

{{tip|Suggestions for this section:
* What is the answer to the sub-title question based on psychological theory and research?
* What are the answers to the focus questions?
* What are the practical, take-home messages?
}}

==See also==
* [https://w.wiki/Tqc9 Dopamine receptor D4] (Wikipedia) {{ic|Use an internal link style as shown in Tutorial 2}}
* [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2024/Dopamine and decision making|Dopamine and decision making]] (Book chapter, 2024)
* [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2014/Dopamine and motivation]] (Book chapter, 2014)
* [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2011/Sensation seeking]] (Book chapter, 2011)

{{tip|Suggestions for this section:
* Only select links to major internal resources about the topic
* Include the source in parentheses
}}

==References==
{{Hanging indent|1=

Costa, K. M., &amp; Schoenbaum, G. (2022). Dopamine. &quot;Current Biology&quot;, 32(15), R817–R824. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2022.06.060

Derringer, J., Krueger, R. F., Dick, D. M., Saccone, S., Grucza, R. A., Agrawal, A., Lin, P., Almasy, L., Edenberg, H. J., Foroud, T., Nurnberger, J. I., Hesselbrock, V. M., Kramer, J. R., Kuperman, S., Porjesz, B., Schuckit, M. A., &amp; Bierut, L. J. (2010). Predicting Sensation Seeking From Dopamine Genes: A Candidate-System Approach. &quot;Psychological Science&quot;, 21(9), 1282–1290. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797610380699  

DeYoung, C. G. (2013). The neuromodulator of exploration: A unifying theory of the role of dopamine in personality. &quot;Frontiers in Human Neuroscience&quot;, 7, 762. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2013.00762

Hawes, S. W., Chahal, R., Hallquist, M. N., Paulsen, D. J., Geier, C. F., &amp; Luna, B. (2017). Modulation of reward-related neural activation on sensation seeking across development. &quot;NeuroImage (Orlando, Fla.)&quot;, 147, 763–771. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.12.020 
 
Linnet, J., Møller, A., Kumakura, Y., Cumming, P., &amp; Gjedde, A. (2008). Low dopamine receptor availability in brain of highly sensation-seeking men. &quot;NeuroImage (Orlando, Fla.)&quot;, 41, T131–T131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.04.099 

Norbury, A., &amp; Husain, M. (2015). Sensation-seeking: Dopaminergic modulation and risk for psychopathology. &quot;Behavioural Brain Research&quot;, 288, 79–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2015.04.015

Reeve, J. (2024). Understanding Motivation and Emotion. (8th ed.). &quot;John Wiley &amp; Sons, Incorporated&quot;.

}}

{{tip|Suggestions for this section:
* Wrap the set of references in the [[Template:Hanging indent|hanging indent template]]:
** Use &quot;Edit source&quot;
** &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Hanging indent|1= the full list of references}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
* Important aspects of APA referencing style
** Author surname, followed by a comma, then the author initials separated by full stops and spaces
** Year of publication in parentheses
** Title of work in lower case (except first letter and proper names), ending in a full-stop
** Journal title in italics, volume number in italics, issue number in parentheses, first and last page numbers separated by an en-dash(–), followed by a full-stop
** doi as a URL which is a working hyperlink (i.e., clickable)
* The most common mistakes include:
** Incorrect capitalisation
** Incorrect italicisation
** dois which aren't clickable as working hyperlinks
** Citing sources that haven't been consulted
}}

==External links==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2po3w5oFygY Dopamine System, Craving &amp; Pursuit Explained] (Youtube)
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EJbbMasBSGY&amp;t=192s Just For The Thrill Of It: An Inside Look At Sensation Seeking] (Youtube)
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wa8_nLwQIpg 2-Minute Neuroscience: Dopamine] (Youtube)

{{tip|Suggestions for this section:
* Only select links to major external resources about the topic
* Include the source in parentheses after the link
}}

[[Category:{{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|3}}]]
[[Category:Motivation and emotion/Book/Neurotransmitters/Dopamine]]
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    <title>Motivation and emotion/Book/2026/Attachment styles and relatedness motivation</title>
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__TOC__

==Overview==
{{RoundBoxTop|theme=3}}

[[File:People and stands at the Museum Reserve, Orientation Week MS-5342 012 002.jpg|thumb|'''Figure 1'''. People and stands at the Museum Reserve, Orientation Week]]

;Scenario

Harry and Caitlin have both recently started university and are adjusting to their new environment. 

Harry throws himself into orientation week, joining clubs and making an effort to sit next to people he recognises. However, when plans are made without him or his messages go unanswered, he wonders whether people actually like him. After hanging out with some new friends, he replays conversations and wonders what he could have done differently

Caitlin chats easily with people at events and joins a few clubs, but she often turns down invitations to catch up outside of university. When conversations turn more personal or people begin trying to get to know her better, she makes an excuse to leave early and may decide not to attend next time. Although she enjoys being included, she finds keeping some distance more comfortable. 

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* Explain relatedness as a basic psychological need within self-determinantion theory and briefly explain its importance for psychological functioning, belonging, motivation, and wellbeing
** e.g. feeling connected, accepted, and that we belong is associated with better ... '''(source)'''
* Briefly introduce attachment theory (remebering to keep it shallow as we delve deeper into definiton and explanations in the section) and how people may differ in how the need for relatedness is experienced and expressed
* central issue of the chapter;

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{{ic|Integrate these ideas into the focus questions}}

I don't know if i'm thinking to deeply into the chapter question, but the way i want to answer it consists of two parts three parts
# Do attachment styles effect the need for relatedness {{ic|Use open-ended questions - i.e., the sub-title}}
# Do different attachment styles affect the strength of the need itself or the way it's regulated and expressed
hard to argue/look into how attachment styles affect the need for relatedness with establishing whether or not there is an effect in the first place.
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* outline the aim of the chapter: to draw on psychological theory and research to examine how secure, anxious, avoidant and fearful-avoidant attachment styles may influence relatedness motivation, and the reverse (whether experiences of relatedness may also contribute to changes in attachment over time). '''''probably not necessary but sounds interesting to look into'''''

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'''Focus questions'''
* How does self-determination theory explain relatedness as a basic psychological need?
* How does attachment theory conceptualise different styles of attachment?
* How are attachment styles understood in adulthood?
* How do different attachment styles influence relatedness motivation?
* How might experiences of relatedness shape attachment over time?

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==Self-determination theory==
[[File:Self-determination continuum.png|thumb|545x545px|Figure 2. ''Self-Determination Theory Motivation Continuum''Note: To replicate into a higher quality version for book chapter]]

* Self-determination theory (SDT) is an approach to human motivation that seeks to explain what motivates people to act and the conditions that support or undermine motivation.
* Developed by Ryan and Deci (2002), SDT aims to explain human motivation by integrating theories that emphasised natural human growth (humanistic, psychoanalytic, and developmental theories) with those that focused on how behaviour is shaped by environmental and cognitive factors (behavioural and cognitive perspectives)
* SDT assumes that individuals have an inherent tendency towards psychological growth, mastery, and connection with others, that the desire for growth drives behaviour (Ryan &amp; Deci, 2002)
* A central feature of SDT is that motivation differs not only in amount, but also in quality
* '''Amotivation''': refers to a lack of intention or motivation to engage in a behaviour, potentially due to (Ryan &amp; Deci, 2020)
* '''Intrinsic Motivation''': refers to engaging in a behaviour or activity because it is inherently interesting, enjoyable, or satisfying (Deci &amp; Ryan, 2000; Ryan &amp; Deci, 2020)
** SDT posits that satisfaction of the basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness helps support and maintain intrinsic motivation, contributing to greater engagement, persistence, and satisfaction.
* '''Extrinsic Motivation''': refers to “behaviours done for reasons other than their inherent satisfaction” (Ryan &amp; Deci, 2020)
** SDT doesn’t treat all extrinsic motivation as equal. Instead, it breaks it into 4 subtypes according to how autonomous (i.e. doing an activity of your own free will because it feels personally important, valuable, or enjoyable) the motivation is (Ryan &amp; Deci, 2020)
*** External regulation: behaviours driven by externally imposed rewards and punishments
*** Introjected regulation: extrinsic motivation that has been partially internalised, i.e. behaviour regulated by internal rewards of self-esteem (need for success) and avoidance of anxiety, shame, fear of failure
*** Identified regulation: behaviours driven by personal importance/value of activity
*** Integrated regulation: most autonomous/intrinsic form of extrinsic motivation, behaviour driven by not only recognition of the value of the behaviour, but finds it congruent with core interests and values

*Motivation within SDT can therefore be understood along a continuum of self-determination, based on the extent to which behaviour is experienced as autonomous (see Figure 2)

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considering breaking this part into subsections (i.e. overview of SDT → motivation within SDT → intro to three needs sections) However would that be too many (would it improve readability/clarity?) Additionally, this overview of theory may be too deep (i.e. is all this info necessary, am I straying from the main focus)
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*Additionally, SDT proposes that for healthy psychological growth and wellbeing depends on the satisfaction of three basic psychological needs; autonomy, competence, and relatedness.
* Within SDT, the three basic psychological needs help shape the quality of a person’s motivation. When these needs are supported, people are more likely to experience intrinsic motivation and more autonomous forms of motivation (Deci &amp; Ryan, 2000; Ryan &amp; Deci, 2020)
* &lt;u&gt;Need satisfaction occurs when the environment provides experiences that allow a psychological need to be fulfilled. Need satisfaction is considered psychologically nourishing and supports motivation, psychological growth, effective functioning, and wellbeing (Chen et al., 2015; Vansteenkiste &amp; Ryan, 2013)&lt;/u&gt;
* &lt;u&gt;Need frustration occurs when a psychological need is actively obstructed or undermined. (Chen et al., 2015; Vansteenkiste &amp; Ryan, 2013)&lt;/u&gt; '''Necessary?'''

===Autonomy===

* Defined within SDT as an individuals need to experience a sense of ownership of their behaviour and feel psychologically free (Deci &amp; Ryan, 2000)
* Importantly, autonomy doesn't imply the need to act independently from others, but rather the need to act with a sense of choice and volition, even when following the desires of others (Van den Broeck et al., 2016)
* Autonomy satisfaction involves experiencing self-determination, willingness, and volition when carrying out an activity, whereas autonomy frustration involves feeling controlled through external or self-imposed pressures.(Chen et al., 2015)

===Competence===

* Defined as the need to feel a sense of mastery over the environment and to develop skills (Deci &amp; Ryan, 2000)
* Is considered part of our natural tendency to explore, develop skills, and seek out challenges that allow abilities to be tested and improved (Van den Broeck et al., 2016)
* Competence satisfaction involves feeling effective and capable of achieving desired outcomes, whereas competence frustration involves feelings of failure, inadequacy, and doubts about one's ability to succeed (Chen et al., 2015)

===Relatedness===

* Refers to the need to feel connected to others, including both the need to care for others and to feel cared for, valued, and significant to others (Van den Broeck et al., 2016)
* Relatedness satisfaction involves experiencing genuine connection and closeness to others, and a sense of belonging, whereas relatedness frustration involves experiences of rejection, exclusion, disconnection, or loneliness (Chen et al., 2015)

==Attachment theory and attachment styles==
* Attachment thoery was first developed by British Psychoanalyst John Bowlby, who sought to understand the anxiety and distress infants experience when separated from their primary caregivers
* Bowlby observed that infants use attachment behaviours (e.g. crying, clinging, following) to prevent separation from, or re-establish proximity to, their caregivers. (Bowlby, 1958)
* He argued that these attachment behaviours were evolutionary and adaptive functions; infants who were able to maintain proximity to an attachment figure (someone who provides support, protection, and care) would be more likely to survive to reproductive age, making proximity-seeking a survival mechanism; He coined this the attachment behavioural system, an innate psychobiological mechanism that motivates individuals to seek and maintain closeness to a primary caregiver or attachment figure for safety and protection (Bowlby, 1982)
* Although Bowlby considered the attachment system to be universal, he recognised that infants could differ in how attachment was experienced and expressed; He theorised that early attachment experiences with caregivers contribute to an internal working model (a mental representations of expectations of whether attachment figures are available and responsive, and whether the self is worthy of care and support)
* An infants internal working model is thought to guide how they respond to situations that activate their attachment system (i.e. distress, separation),
* Beginning at 6 months, infants start to anticipate specific caregivers responses to their distress and shape their own behaviour accordingly (Sroufe, 1988); expectations on whether support will be available influence whether the infant seeks proximity and reassurance, intensifies attachment behaviours, or withdraws and suppresses attachment needs (i.e. the quality/type of attachment that an infant develops is largely determined by the caregiver’s response to the infant when the infant’s attachment system is ‘activated’) (Bretherton &amp; Munholland, 2008; Collins &amp; Allard, 2004; Sherman et al., 2015)
* While Bowlby provided a theoretical understanding, Mary Ainsworth extended his work by examining how differences in attachment were expressed in infant's behaviour.
* Mary Ainsworth was an American Canadian developmental psychologist who developed the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strange_situation Strange Situation procedure], which involved observing infants during brief separations from and reunions with their caregivers
* During the procedure, attention is paid to four aspects of the infant's behaviour (Ainsworth et al., 1978):
** The amount of exploration the infant engaged in (e.g. playing with new toys) throughout.
** The infant's reactions to the departure of their caregiver.
** The infant's response to being alone with a stranger.
** The infant's behaviour when reunited with their caregiver.
* Based on these observations, the infants were categorised into three groups that would become foundation of attachment styes.

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again considering breaking this part into subsections (i.e. attachment behavioural systems, internal working model, Mary Ainsworth and strange situation procedure). again considering clarity, if info is neccessary, potential topic straying
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===Secure attachment===

* Typical behaviour (Vaughn &amp; Waters, 1990)
** uses the caregiver as a secure base, exploring independently while checking back or returning to caregiver when needed
** seeks caregiver when attachment behavioural system is activated (i.e. when distressed, hurt, tired, etc.)
** usually accepts comfort and settles once reassurance is provided
* Strange Situation (Group B) (Perasso, 2023; Zeanah et al., 2011)
** Balances exploration of the environment with maintaing proximity to caregiver
** moderate distress by separation from caregiver, on reunion seeks or welcomes contact from caregiver and accepts comfort and reassurance
** typically return to exploration once settled
* Developmental Factors/Caregiver response (Benoit, 2004)
** associated with caregiving that is usually available and responds appropriately (generally sensitive, responsive, and consistent) when the infant signals distress or a need for support
** Internal Working Model (Sherman et al., 2015)
*** Repeated experiences of having needs responded to positively may lead the infant to expect that the caregiver will be available and responsive when support is required.
*** The infant can therefore express distress and seek proximity without needing to excessively intensify or suppress attachment behaviour.

===Anxious-ambivalent attachment===

* Typical behaviour (Benoit, 2004)
** May remain highly attentive to the caregiver rather than exploring freely.
** Can become easily distressed by separation or uncertainty about the caregiver's availability, seeking frequent proximity, attention, or reassurance.
** Can have difficulty settling even when comfort is offered.
** May appear clingy while also showing frustration, anger, or resistance toward the caregiver.
* Strange Situation (Group C) (Perasso, 2023; Zeanah et al., 2011)
** Typically show absent/low interest in exploring environment throughout procedure,
** intensely distressed and visibly upset once separated from caregiver
** Extreme reactions of fear and distress toward the stranger
** During reunion are difficult to calm down even when picked up and reassured by caregiver, may initially seek comfort then resist or reject caregivers' effort to comfort them
* Developmental Factors/Caregiver response (Benoit, 2004)
** Associated with caregiving that may be inconsistent or unpredictable.
** The caregiver may sometimes respond to distress but may be unavailable or less responsive at other times.
** Internal working model (Sherman et al., 2015)
*** Availability of caregiver is experienced as uncertain or unpredictable. 
*** Expectation that support cannot be consistently available develops, causing infant to become particularly attentive to the caregiver’s availability and intensify attachment signals in an attempt to obtain a response '''(maximising or hyperactivating attachment strategy)'''

===Anxious-avoidant attachment===

* Typical behaviour (Benoit, 2004)
** May appear unusually independent and spend more time focused on objects, activities, or exploration than on the caregiver
** May show relatively little outward distress when hurt, upset, or separated despite still experiencing physiological or emotional distress
** Is less likely to openly seek comfort or reassurance from the caregiver, may turn away, ignore, or minimise contact even when distressed
** Tends to suppress or minimise visible attachment signals
* Strange Situation (Group A) (Perasso, 2023; Zeanah et al., 2011)
** often remain focuses on exploration rather than proximity to caregiver
** show minimal or no distress by the separation from caregiver
** May appear relatively unaffected by the presence of the stranger compared with other attachment classifications.
** show limited interest or excitement upon reunion with caregiver, often ignoring or avoiding interactions
* Developmental Factors/Caregiver response (Benoit, 2004)
** Associated with caregiving that may be relatively unresponsive, rejecting, or uncomfortable with expressions of distress and bids for comfort.
*** Internal working model (Sherman et al., 2015)
**** infant may have developed an expectation that attempts to obtain comfort or support are unlikely to be met with a responsive reaction. 
**** As a result, attachment signals may be minimised or suppressed ('''deactivating or minimising attachment strategy)'''.

===Disorganised-disoriented attachment===

* Disorganised-disoriented attachment was introduced later by Main and Solomon (1986).
* The classification emerged from observations of infant behaviours that did not fit comfortably within Ainsworth’s original secure, resistant, and avoidant classifications.
* Typical behaviour (Granqvist et al., 2017)
** Behaviour toward the caregiver may be inconsistent or difficult to predict, can show unusual combinations of proximity-seeking and withdrawal.
** May have difficulty developing a consistent strategy for obtaining comfort when distressed.
** Behaviour can become particularly confused or disorganised during situations involving fear, stress, or uncertainty.
* Strange Situation (Duschinsky, 2018; Zeanah et al., 2011)
** Display contradictory, confused, fearful, or disoriented behaviours, particularly during reunion with the caregiver, e.g. may approach caregiver and then withdraw, freeze, show incomplete or misdirected movements, unusual postures, or signs of apprehension toward the caregiver.
* Developmental Factors/Caregiver response (Benoit, 2004)
** Has been associated with caregiving that is frightening, frightened, highly disrupted, or unpredictable.
** It is also found at higher rates in some contexts involving significant adversity (Zeanah et al., 1997)
*** Internal working model (Sherman et al., 2015)
**** more difficult to explain through one coherent internal working model because the infant does not appear to have a consistent strategy for obtaining safety.
**** One proposed explanation is that the caregiver may simultaneously represent a potential source of safety and a source of fear or uncertainty, creating conflict between approaching the caregiver for protection and moving away from them.

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potential information to be added for book chapter
* more information in development of each attachment style outside of caregiver response and IWM
** e.g. temperament and child characteristics, broader family/contextual influences
* criticisms of attachment styles
** whether attachment patterns and Strange Situation behaviour are expressed similarly across cultures
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&lt;quiz display=simple&gt;
{Disorganised-disoriented attachment is characterised by a breakdown or lack of a coherent strategy for responding to attachment-related distress.
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
+ TRUE.
|| Yes. Disorganised-disoriented attachment involves a disruption or lack of a consistent organised strategy when the attachment system is activated.
- FALSE.
|| Not quite. Unlike secure, anxious-ambivalent, and avoidant attachment, disorganised-disoriented attachment is characterised by contradictory or disoriented behaviour rather than a consistent organised strategy.

{How do internal working models help explain differences between infant attachment patterns?
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
- They determine how strongly an infant is biologically attached to their caregiver.
|| Internal working models do not determine whether an infant '''has''' an attachment to their caregiver. Instead, they shape expectations about whether caregivers will be available and responsive, which can influence how the infant seeks comfort and responds when the attachment system is activated.
+ They shape expectations about whether caregivers will be available and responsive when support is needed.
|| Yes. Internal working models develop through attachment experiences and shape expectations about whether attachment figures will be available and responsive.
- They determine how much distress every infant experiences during separation.
|| Internal working models can influence how infants respond when distressed, but they do not simply determine how much separation distress an infant experiences.
&lt;/quiz&gt;

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===Adult attachment theory===
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should this be a level 3 heading?
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* Attachment theory was later extended beyond infancy to explain how attachment may continue into adulthood

* Hazan and Shaver (1987) were among the first researchers to apply Bowlby and Ainsworth’s attachment framework to adults.
** They proposed that the same attachment behavioural system underlying infant attachment could continue to operate in adulthood, and that internal working models developed through earlier attachment experiences may continue to shape attachment-related expectations and behaviour.
** Their early adult attachment model adapted Ainsworth’s three infant attachment classifications (secure, avoidant, and anxious/ambivalent) for use in adulthood.
** Bartholomew (1990), and Bartholomew and Horowitz (1991) later refined adult attachment by proposing that attachment in adulthood could be understood through two underlying dimensions:
*** Model of self: Reflects a person's sense of self-worth and whether they feel worthy of love and support. (Bartholomew, 1990)
*** Model of others: Reflects whether a person expects others to be available, trustworthy, and supportive (Bartholomew, 1990)

* Combining positive and negative models of the self and others produced four adult attachment styles, Secure, Anxious-preoccupied, Dismissive-avoidant, Fearful-avoidant. '''To expand on each one in final book chapter'''

* Adult attachment styles are thought to reflect the continuation and development of infant internal working models, although attachment is not considered completely fixed and may change across time and experience (Bartholomew, 1990; Bartholomew &amp; Horowitz, 1991)
* Adult attachment is therefore generally conceptualised as differences in the way individuals regulate attachment-related needs and respond when the attachment system is activated, rather than as four separate personality types (Bartholomew, 1990; Bartholomew &amp; Horowitz, 1991)

==Attachment styles and the need for relatedness==

* Self-determination theory proposes that relatedness is a universal psychological need, suggesting that all individuals have a need to feel connected, valued, and that they belong.
* However, attachment styles may influence how this need is experienced, expressed, pursued, or satisfied.
* An important focus of this section will therefore be whether attachment styles actually influence the strength of the need for relatedness itself, or whether they primarily affect the way individuals respond to and regulate that need.
* The section will also consider whether differences in attachment style are associated with relatedness need satisfaction or frustration, rather than simply differences in how much relatedness people need.
* Finally, the chapter will examine whether the relationship may work in both directions, with repeated experiences of relatedness satisfaction or frustration potentially contributing to changes in attachment over time.

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Information to be added for book chapter: Research evidence examining attachment anxiety/avoidance, relatedness motivation, basic psychological need satisfaction/frustration, and possible reciprocal effects between attachment and relatedness.
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==Conclusion==
* The Conclusion is arguably the most important section
* Draft clear take-home message(s), even at the topic development stage
* Together, the [[#Overview|Overview]] and Conclusion should summarise the problem, its significance, and how psychological science contributes to understanding and addressing it
* Recommended length: 150 to 330 words

{{tip|Suggestions for this section:
* What is the answer to the sub-title question based on psychological theory and research?
* What are the answers to the focus questions?
* What are the practical, take-home messages?
}}

==See also==
* [[wikipedia:Attachment_in_adults|Attachment in adults]] (Wikipedia)
* [[wikipedia:Self-determination_theory|Self-determination theory]] (Wikipedia)

==References==
{{Hanging indent|1=

Ainsworth, M. D. S., Blehar, M. C., Waters, E., &amp; Wall, S. (1978). ''Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation''. Lawrence Erlbaum. 

Bartholomew, K. (1990). Avoidance of Intimacy: An Attachment Perspective. ''Journal of Social and Personal Relationships'', 7(2), 147-178. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407590072001 

Bartholomew, K., &amp; Horowitz, L. (1991). Attachment Styles Among Young Adults: A Test of a Four-Category Model. ''Journal of Personality and Social Psychology'', 61, 226-244. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.61.2.226 

Benoit, D. (2004). Infant-parent attachment: Definition, types, antecedents, measurement and outcome. ''Paediatrics &amp; Child Health'', 9(8), 541-545. https://doi.org/10.1093/pch/9.8.541 

Bowlby, J. (1958). The nature of the child's tie to his mother. ''Int J Psychoanal'', 39(5), 350-373. 

Bowlby, J. (1982). Attachment and loss: Retrospect and prospect. American ''Journal of Orthopsychiatry'', 52(4), 664-678. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-0025.1982.tb01456.x 

Bretherton, I., &amp; Munholland, K. A. (2008). Internal working models in attachment relationships: Elaborating a central construct in attachment theory. In ''Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications'', 2nd ed. (pp. 102-127). The Guilford Press. 

Chen, B., Vansteenkiste, M., Beyers, W., Boone, L., Deci, E. L., Van der Kaap-Deeder, J., Duriez, B., Lens, W., Matos, L., Mouratidis, A., Ryan, R. M., Sheldon, K. M., Soenens, B., Van Petegem, S., &amp; Verstuyf, J. (2015). Basic psychological need satisfaction, need frustration, and need strength across four cultures. ''Motivation and Emotion'', 39(2), 216-236. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-014-9450-1 

Collins, N. L., &amp; Allard, L. M. (2003). Cognitive Representations of Attachment: The Content and Function of Working Models. In Garth J. O. Fletcher &amp; M. S. Clark (Eds.), ''Blackwell Handbook of Social Psychology: Interpersonal Processes'' (pp. 60-85). Blackwell Publishing. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470998557.ch3 

Deci, E. L., &amp; Ryan, R. M. (2000). The &quot;What&quot; and &quot;Why&quot; of Goal Pursuits: Human Needs and the Self-Determination of Behavior. ''Psychological Inquiry'', 11(4), 227-268. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01 

Duschinsky, R. (2018). Disorganization, fear and attachment: working towards clarification. ''Infant Ment Health J'', 39(1), 17-29. https://doi.org/10.1002/imhj.21689 

Granqvist, P., Sroufe, L. A., Dozier, M., Hesse, E., Steele, M., van Ijzendoorn, M., Solomon, J., Schuengel, C., Fearon, P., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M., Steele, H., Cassidy, J., Carlson, E., Madigan, S., Jacobvitz, D., Foster, S., Behrens, K., Rifkin-Graboi, A., Gribneau, N.,…Duschinsky, R. (2017). Disorganized attachment in infancy: a review of the phenomenon and its implications for clinicians and policy-makers. ''Attachment &amp; Human Development'', 19(6), 534-558. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2017.1354040 

Hazan, C., &amp; Shaver, P. (1987). Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. ''J Pers Soc Psychol'', 52(3), 511-524. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-351

Main, M., &amp; Solomon, J. (1986). Discovery of An Insecure Disorganized Disoriented Attachment Pattern. In T. B. Brazelton &amp; M. W. Yogman (Eds.), ''Affective development in infancy'' (pp. 95-124). Ablex Publishing. 

Perasso, G. (2023). Strange Situation Procedure (SSP). In T. K. Shackelford (Ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Sexual Psychology and Behavior''. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08956-5_128-1 

Ryan, R. M., &amp; Deci, E. L. (2002). Overview of self-determination theory: An organismic-dialectical perspective. In ''Handbook of self-determination research''. (pp. 3-33). University of Rochester Press. 

Ryan, R. M., &amp; Deci, E. L. (2020). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation from a self-determination theory perspective: Definitions, theory, practices, and future directions. ''Contemporary Educational Psychology'', 61, 101860. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2020.101860 

Sherman, L. J., Rice, K., &amp; Cassidy, J. (2015). Infant capacities related to building internal working models of attachment figures: A theoretical and empirical review. ''Developmental Review'', 37, 109-141. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2015.06.001 

Sroufe, L. A. (1988). The role of infant-caregiver attachment in development. In ''Clinical implications of attachment''. (pp. 18-38). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. 

Van den Broeck, A., Ferris, D. L., Chang, C.-H., &amp; Rosen, C. C. (2016). A Review of Self-Determination Theory’s Basic Psychological Needs at Work. ''Journal of Management'', 42(5), 1195-1229. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206316632058 

Vansteenkiste, M., &amp; Ryan, R. (2013). On Psychological Growth and Vulnerability: Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Need Frustration as a Unifying Principle. ''Journal of Psychotherapy Integration'', 23, 263-280. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032359 

Vaughn, B. E., &amp; Waters, E. (1990). Attachment Behavior at Home and in the Laboratory: Q-Sort Observations and Strange Situation Classifications of One-Year-Olds. ''Child Development'', 61(6), 1965-1973. https://doi.org/10.2307/1130850 

Zeanah, C. H., Berlin, L. J., &amp; Boris, N. W. (2011). Practitioner review: clinical applications of attachment theory and research for infants and young children. ''J Child Psychol Psychiatry'', 52(8), 819-833. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02399.x 

Zeanah, C. H., Boris, N. W., &amp; Larrieu, J. A. (1997). Infant Development and Developmental Risk: A Review of the Past 10 Years. ''Journal of the American Academy of Child &amp; Adolescent Psychiatry'', 36(2), 165-178. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199702000-00007 

}}

==External links==
* [https://www.attachmentproject.com/attachment-theory/john-bowlby/ Bowlby and Attachment Theory: Insights and Legacy] (attachmentproject.com)
* [https://www.simplypsychology.org/self-determination-theory.html Self-Determination Theory of Motivation] (simplypsychology.org)

[[Category:{{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|3}}]]
[[Category:Motivation and emotion/Book/Relationships/Attachment]]
[[Category:Motivation and emotion/Book/Needs/Psychological/Relatedness]]</text>
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    <title>User:StretchBeyond</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>StretchBeyond</username>
        <id>3105744</id>
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      <comment>social contribution acknowledging Professor Vermetten</comment>
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      <text bytes="6637" sha1="28olxvdt5ydrvtebzgkomjgg3i9dydd" xml:space="preserve">== About Me ==
I am a military veteran, working to complete a Bachelor of Science in Psychology as part of a lifelong approach to learning. After a military career working with people around the world on a spectrum of operations, I wanted to better understand the human dimension and the science behind what makes us all tick. Along the way, I want to give back to the community where I can. I have an interest in veterans' PTSD, advocacy and international affairs.

== Book Chapter ==
[[File:PTSD.png|left|thumb|250x250px|'''Figure 1.''' PTSD can have a deep and lasting impact on our emotions.]]
I am writing a book chapter titled [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2026/Immersive therapy for PTSD treatment|Immersive Therapy for PTSD: How does it work and what are the effects?]] 

This chapter is an individual student contribution as part of a larger [https://www.canberra.edu.au/ University of Canberra] class effort in 2026 to write a book [[Motivation and emotion/Book]]. 

The 2026 book extends a Wikiversity book series started in 2010, with over 1,800 online book chapters on how psychological science can improve human lives.

The book editor and University psychology unit convener is [[User:Jtneill|Dr. James Neill]]
{{clear}}

== Social Contributions ==

#'''18 Aug 26:''' Grammar and content editing improvements on 2025 chapter, Defence mechanisms and emotion regulation. Edits at https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2025%2FDefence_mechanisms_and_emotion_regulation&amp;diff=2822629&amp;oldid=2763661
# '''18 Aug 26:''' Grammar and content editing improvements on 2025 chapter, Neurodivergence and trauma. Edits at https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2025%2FNeurodivergence_and_trauma&amp;diff=2822636&amp;oldid=2812805
# '''19 Aug 26:''' Grammar and content editing improvements on 2025 chapter, Incentive theory of motivation. Edits at&lt;nowiki/&gt;https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2025%2FIncentive_theory_of_motivation&amp;diff=2822844&amp;oldid=2814898
# '''19 Aug 26:''' UC Canvas Discussion: Introduced the book chapter intent to the class and welcomed anyone with sim&lt;nowiki/&gt;ilar topics or interests to contribute. I offered the same. https://uclearn.canberra.edu.au/courses/20143/discussion_topics/456450
# '''20 Aug 26:''' Comment: Supported another Wiki user by providing some peer-reviewed ideas on starter references f&lt;nowiki/&gt;or a Chapter page. [[Talk:Motivation and emotion/Book/2026/Perfectionism and procrastination#Reference material]]
# '''20 Aug 26:''' Comment: Supported another Wiki user by providing some peer-reviewed ideas on starter references f&lt;nowiki/&gt;or a Chapter page.[[Talk:Motivation and emotion/Book/2026/Irritability#Reference material]]
# '''22 Aug 26:''' Grammar and content editing improvements on 2025 chapter, Mental health in astronauts. Edits at [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2025%2FMental_health_in_astronauts&amp;diff=2824159&amp;oldid=2804667 ht]&lt;nowiki/&gt;[https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2025%2FMental_health_in_astronauts&amp;diff=2824159&amp;oldid=2804667 tps://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2025%2FMental_health_in_astronauts&amp;diff=2824159&amp;oldid=2804667]
# '''25 Aug 26:''' Comment: Supported another Wiki user by providing some peer-reviewed ideas on starter references f&lt;nowiki/&gt;or a Chapter page.[[Talk:Motivation and emotion/Book/2026/Feedback literacy#Reference]]
# '''25 Aug 26''': UC Canvas Discussion: Responded to student topic query.[https://uclearn.canberra.edu.au/courses/20143/discussion_topics/457190 https://uclearn.canberra.edu.au/courses/201]&lt;nowiki/&gt;[https://uclearn.canberra.edu.au/courses/20143/discussion_topics/457190 43/discussion_topics/457190]
# '''26 Aug 26:''' Comment: Supported another Wiki user by providing some external link ideas for a Chapter page.[[Talk:Motivation and emotion/Book/2026/Dark empathy#Reference|Talk]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;[[Talk:Motivation and emotion/Book/2026/Dark empathy#Reference|:Motivation and emotion/Book/2026/Dark empathy#Reference]]
# '''26 Aug 26:''' UC Canvas Discussion: Responded to student topic query with data from a Random Game of Dice scenar&lt;nowiki/&gt;io.https://uclearn.canberra.edu.au/courses/20143/discussion_topics/457412
# '''27 Aug 26:''' Wiki thanks and editing conversation: [[User talk:Jtneill#Punctuation change in book title]]
# '''28 Aug 26:''' UC Canvas Discussion: Responded to student topic query&lt;nowiki/&gt; https://uclearn.canberra.edu.au/courses/20143/discussion_topics/457809
# '''4 Sep 26:''' Comment: Included creation of graphics for Wiki page.[[c:File:Avoidance_and_Processing_Cycles.png|ht]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;[[c:File:Avoidance_and_Processing_Cycles.png|tps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Avoidance_and_Processing_Cycles.png]]
# '''4 Sep 26:''' Comment: Assisted other Wiki user by adding a quiz temp&lt;nowiki/&gt;late to their chapter page https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2026%2FBuilding_therapeutic_alliance&amp;diff=2831108&amp;oldid=2830050
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# '''9 Sep 26:''' Comment: Assisted another Wiki user by adding a quiz te&lt;nowiki/&gt;mplate to their chapter page&lt;nowiki/&gt;https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2026%2FOutdoor_play_and_children%27s_emotional_well-being&amp;diff=2832147&amp;oldid=2828722
# '''9 Sep 26:''' UC Canvas Discussion: Responded to student topic query &lt;nowiki/&gt;https://uclearn.canberra.edu.au/courses/20143/discussion_topics/457888
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# '''15 Sep 26:''' Correspondence: Email exchange between chapter author &lt;nowiki/&gt;and Professor Vermetten, who is credited with creating the 3MDR therapy and referenced in the chapter.  &quot;I have looked at the Wikiversity page and think you are on the right path. You have brought together the concepts of immersion, embodiment, motivation, and trauma-focused treatment in a thoughtful and relevant way.&quot;</text>
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    <title>Motivation and emotion/Book/2026/Artificial intelligence and academic motivation</title>
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      <text bytes="11997" sha1="lfjb6wmwk4fuzaxk3fqmlcszp47ddno" xml:space="preserve">{{title|Artificial intelligence and academic motivation:&lt;br&gt;How does artificial intelligence influence students’ motivation to learn, engage, and achieve?}}
__TOC__

==Overview==
{{RoundBoxTop|theme=5}}
[[File:Artificial intelligence in education.jpg|thumb|'''Figure 1'''. An image of an AI robot teaching a young student]]

;Imagine this...

You're sitting at your desk. On your desk is your open laptop with an empty blank page which is for an assignment that is due tomorrow night. You've been putting it off for weeks now, knowing you will have to do severall hours to research, plan and write it out. You just felt too unmotivated to write it, thinking you would do it the next day which happened to become a regular occurance. 

You're just not sure what to do. You only have tonight and not many hours left. You then think about your friends, they had recently gotten into using AI to help write a lot of their work. They had always recommended you to use it, but you were never that interested in it, prefering to use your own work. However, the situation was dire, and the sound of AI seemed very good right now. You get onto ChatGPT and start to enter in the assignment questions.

After a few hours you're done. You finished your assignment on time. AI had significantly helped write and perfect a lot of the material. You find that it was so much easier to just do this than to bother to research for days on end. Maybe you'd do this next time too.
{{RoundBoxBottom}}

* [[w:Artificial_intelligence|Artifical Intelligence]] (AI) is often {{fact}} defined as technology that stimulates human intelligent behaviours, and is trained to learn human behaviours such as learning, judgement, and decision-making (Zhan &amp; Lu, 2021). AI is rapidly developing and creating new advancements regularly in recent years, particularly in various aspects in the education systems (Pertiwi et al., 2024). AI has been making its way into classrooms to help further aid learning in everyday student learning habits to help with overall student achievement and motivation to learn.
* It is important to understand the recent emerging involvement of AI in academic settings as it while there are positive effects of using AI platforms, there are still issues to be addressed such as over reliance of the platforms. Being too over reliant on generative AI can lead to the habitual avoidance of using ones cognitive and critical thinking skills, particulary in the development of children (Fan et al., 2024).
* It is also important for us {{ic|Use 3rd person point of view}} all to understand what motivates students to learn in the first place, and by doing that undertand how we can ethically keep utilising the use of AI in everyday academic settings. By doing so, it is possible to promote students motivation to learn, and be able to raise their overall learning achievement (Hmoud et al., 2024).

{{RoundBoxTop|theme=5}}
'''Focus questions'''

* What factors influence students' motivation to learn?
* What are the positive and negative effects of AI on students' motivation?
* How has AI changed the way students approach learning?
* How does reliance on AI influence students' learning habits?

{{RoundBoxBottom}}

== What motivates students? ==
{{ic|Include an introductory paragraph before branching into sub-sections}}

=== Understanding motivation ===

* [[Motivation]] is split into two main sub-categories (Legault, 2016).
* Entrinsic motivation is often defined as when people perform a task in order to attain an outcome that is separable from the action itself, like getting a reward (Legault, 2016).
* Intrinsic motivation is defined as when people are curious and interested, while seeking out challenges and developing their skills and knowlege without the presence of a reward (Domenico &amp; Ryan, 2017; Legault, 2016).

=== Known factors influencing motivation to learn ===

* School management has been found to be highly influential on students learning in school, showing that encouragement to be diligent and loving to do what you are doing is beneficial in motivation in shcool settings (Hodis &amp; Hodis, 2022.)
* Another motivation is having good social support around people encourages them to motivate not only themselves, but also each other (Hodis &amp; Hodis, 2022). Having negative influences around you decreases motivation.
* One of the most important factors that can increase motivation is simply having a well educated teacher that encourage students in a positive manner. When students are young, it is also beneficial to have educated parents who try to ecourage learning in children in settings out of school (Hodis &amp; Hodis, 2022).

&lt;quiz display=&quot;simple&quot;&gt;
{Quiz:

&quot;A desire to engage in an activity because it is personally interesting, enjoyable, or satisfying, rather than because of external rewards or pressures&quot;.
Which type of motivation is this?
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
- Achievement Motivation
- Extrinsic Motivation
+ Intrinsic Motivation 
- Affiliation Motivation
&lt;/quiz&gt;

== Effects of AI on student motivation ==
{{ic|Include an introductory paragraph before branching into sub-sections}}

=== Positive effects of using AI ===

* Research had{{g}} shown that generative AI powered systems that are acting as effective agents can support and and help improve learning and regulation processes in students (Fan et al., 2025)
* AI has been found to engage students in meaningful ways by fostering curiosity, autonomy, and instrinsic motivation in their learning journies (Pertiwi et al., 2024).
* Can reduce overall learner anxiety (Hmoud et al., 2024).

=== Negative effects of using AI ===

* Reinforces state of metacognitive laziness and adds to the lack of development in the use of critical thinking skills, making students become over-reliant using AI (Fan et al., 2025).
* Though can generate content from existing data and providing people with high-quality materials, it cannot provide contextualised in person explanations that a teachr can provide, so it cannot fully replace teachers. (Fan et al., 2025).
* Potential privacy and security issues (Oseni, 2021) {{ic|How does this relate to motivation?}}.

== Impact of AI on student learning ==
{{ic|Include an introductory paragraph before branching into sub-sections}}

=== Students approach to learning ===

*Students currently prioritise learning that is increasingly fast and optimaly (Zhai et al., 2024).
*Students have instant support for understanding any question through AI chatbots (Hmoud et al., 2024).
*Students are becoming more engaged since AI started to become implemented (Vieriu &amp; Petra, 2025).

=== Change of approach to learning due to AI ===

* Students have the ability to access most information online with the click of a finge due to AI, unlike before where most information is told trough textbooks and teachers (Parhanuddin et al., 2025).
* Learning is more personalised and suited to each individual (Parhanuddin e al., 2025).
* Ideas can be brainstormed through AI (Vieriu &amp; Petra, 2025).

== AI reliance on student learning habits ==
{{ic|Include an introductory paragraph before branching into sub-sections}}

=== Are students becoming too reliant? ===

* A study found that there is overreliance in using AI, and that this overreliance tends to impact cognitive abilities as individuals increasingly choose fast and optimal solutions over solutions that are slower from practicality (Zhai et al., 2024).
* By using AI too much, students can gain an overdependance on specific abilities such as decision-making, critical thinking, and analytical reasoning (Zhai et al., 2024).
* Through this trend which continues to develop and transform as AI is becoming more prelavent, potential erosion of critical cognitive skills may happen an worsen (Zhai et al., 2024).

=== What do learning habits look like today? ===

* More personalised learning due to the implementation of AI, targeting each inidviduals students specific needs to help acheive higher achievements (Parhanuddin et al., 2025).
* Studying with more digital tools that integrate AI, rather than just focusing on paper text books (Parhanuddin et al., 2025).
* Collaboration with peers and online chat (Hmoud et al., 2024).

== Conclusion ==

* AI has shown both positive and negative effects on students and the entire academic setting.
* Learning ways have changed and developed to involve AI, which contiues to change as AI does.
* Further study should be conducted to better help each academic setting understand how they can ethically involve the use of AI to be beneficial for learning so that students are still using critical thinking skills.

== See also ==

* [[w:Artificial_intelligence|Artifical Intelligence]] (Wikipedia)
* [[Motivation]] (Wikiversity)
* [[wikipedia:Intrinsic_motivation_(artificial_intelligence)|Intrinsic motivation in artificial intelligence]] (Wikipedia)

== References ==
{{Hanging indent|1=

Di Domenico, S. I., &amp; Ryan, R. M. (2017). The emerging neuroscience of intrinsic motivation: A new frontier in self-determination research. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 11, 145. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2017.00145

Fan, Y., Tang, L., Le, H., Shen, K., Tan, S., Zhao, Y., ... &amp; Gašević, D. (2025). Beware of metacognitive laziness: Effects of generative artificial intelligence on learning motivation, processes, and performance. British Journal of Educational Technology, 56(2), 489-530. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.13544

Hmoud, M., Swaity, H., Hamad, N., Karram, O., &amp; Daher, W. (2024). Higher education students’ task motivation in the generative artificial intelligence context: The case of ChatGPT. Information, 15(1), 33. https://doi.org/10.3390/info15010033

Hodis, F. A., &amp; Hodis, G. M. (2022). Key factors that influence students’ motivation to learn: Implications for teaching. Set: Research Information for Teachers, 2, 37-41. https://doi.org/10.18296/set.1509

Legault, L. (2016). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Encyclopedia of personality and individual differences, 10, 978-3. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28099-8_1139-1

Oseni, A., Moustafa, N., Janicke, H., Liu, P., Tari, Z., &amp; Vasilakos, A. (2021). Security and privacy for artificial intelligence: Opportunities and challenges. arXiv preprint arXiv:2102.04661.  https://doi.org/10.1145/1122445.1122456

Parhanuddin, L., Tohri, A., &amp; Suhardi, M. (2025). The Effect of AI (Artificial Intelligence) in Education on Student Motivation: A Systematic Literature Review. Journal for Lesson and Learning Studies, 8(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.23887/jlls.v8i1.91141 

Pertiwi, R. W. L., Kulsum, L. U., &amp; Hanifah, I. A. (2024). Evaluating the impact of artificial intelligence-based learning methods on students' motivation and academic achievement. International Journal of Post Axial: Futuristic Teaching and Learning, 49-58. https://doi.org/10.59944/postaxial.v2i1.279

Vieriu, A. M., &amp; Petrea, G. (2025). The impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on students’ academic development. Education Sciences, 15(3), 343.  https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15030343

Zhai, C., Wibowo, S., &amp; Li, L. D. (2024). The effects of over-reliance on AI dialogue systems on students' cognitive abilities: a systematic review. Smart Learning Environments, 11(1), 28. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-024-00316-7

Zhang, C., &amp; Lu, Y. (2021). Study on artificial intelligence: The state of the art and future prospects. Journal of Industrial Information Integration, 23, 100224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jii.2021.100224

}}

== External links ==

* [https://www.ted.com/talks/sal_khan_how_ai_could_save_not_destroy_education How AI could save (not destroy) education] (TED talk)
* [https://www.abc.net.au/religion/ai-has-accelerated-demise-of-critical-thinking-in-universities/106867608 How AI has accelerated the demise of critical thinking in universities] (ABC News)

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    <title>Motivation and emotion/Book/2026/Developing a growth mindset</title>
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__TOC__

==Overview==
{{RoundBoxTop|theme=3}}
[[File:Openminded.png|right|thumb|150px|'''Figure 1'''. Illustration of being open-minded]]

; Imagine this ...

Two childhood best friends find themselves in two different places when they finish high school. Though living in the same neighbourhood, attending the same schools, enjoying the same hobbies and receiving equal opportunities, one is earning a scholarship to study their dream degree, and the other is falling behind. How could two people with the same opportunities have vastly separate life outcomes? Well, one evaded challenge for fear of failing, while the other appraised these failures as opportunities to learn. The margin between one and the other was not created based on ability, but from mindset.
{{RoundBoxBottom}}

* A person's mindset is the foundation in which learning and motivation build up on. 
* Meaning the mindset that we adopt is highly influential in how we perceive our abilities and intelligence as well as how we conduct ourselves in facing new adversities
* In order to foster learning and motivation, an individual must shift from a fixed mindset to a growth mindset in order to embrace challenges and gain success {{ic|This is the closest of the three opening bullet-points to addressing the topic. Need more of this.}}

{{RoundBoxTop|theme=3}}
'''Focus questions'''


* How does a growth mindset differ from a fixed mindset?
* What is the role of neuroplasticity in changing and sustaining a mindset?
* How can failure, feedback and goal-setting affect the development of a growth mindset? 
* How do educational practices nurture a student's growth mindset?
{{RoundBoxBottom}}

==Growth and Fixed Mindsets==
=== Mindsets ===

* Mindsets are an established process or set &quot;rules&quot; or structure that an individual adopts as part of their way of thinking, attitudes, and beliefs. 
* A mindset is highly influential in the way in which we conduct ourselves in terms of facing challenges, and how an individual may perceive failure and success (Dweck &amp; Leggett, 1988)

=== Growth versus fixed mindset's ===

* Mueller and Dweck (1988) established and developed two different Mindsets people adopt; growth and fixed, these mindsets run on a continuum
* Someone who adopts a growth mindset views that their abilities, skills and intelligence are sculpted, being able to grow and develop from setbacks as well as view failures as something to improve upon (Mueller &amp; Dweck, 1988)
* Someone who adopts a fixed mindset's see that their abilities, skills and intelligence is static and are simply as a result of a persons genetic disposition unlikely to change (Mueller &amp; Dweck, 1988)
* Implicit theory of intelligence - the belief that intelligence is an ability that can be shaped or &quot;moulded&quot; and developed (Dweck and Leggett, 1988)

== Physiological affects of mindset's ==

* The role of neuroplasticity is to enable and create new neural pathways throughout the brain especially important in learning a new skill or behaviour - proving that the ability of a person's mindset is not fixed but ever changing (e.g. the process of neurogenesis, or synaptogenesis)
* Therefore, repeated practice of a certain skill or behaviour (I.e. fixed Mindset), may strengthen these pathways in creating persistent and default processes in skill development - important in understanding how certain mindset's can be sustained
* In the context of growth Mindsets, neurobiology supports the underlying physiological mechanisms that demonstrate that a new mindset can be constructed on a neurological level to adapt to learning, and development (Sarrasin et al., 2018)

== Failure, feedback and goal setting ==
=== Responses to challenges and failure ===

* Learned helplessness theory – exposure to repeated negative outcomes or failures could lead to a person reducing their attempts to change a situation (Seligman &amp; Maier, 1967) 
* In the instance of Peter (see learning feature scenario), repeated failure reinforces the notion that their actions will not change their outcomes – this underlines the issue of how growth mindset is sustained or the beginning of a fixed mind/learned helplessness begins

=== Mastery goals versus performance goals ===
* Mastery goals involve an individual who is motivated in achieving competence, understanding and self-improvement (Dweck &amp; Leggett, 1988) 
* An individual motivated by performance goals seek to source their goals to appear competent relative to others 
* Dweck and Leggett (1988) connect goals to a growth mindset – the type of goals and motivation for goals may affect the types of mindset that you may adopt (Yu &amp; McLellan, 2020; Combette et al., 2024) 

== Mindset's in the educational setting ==

* Implicit theory of intelligence - the belief that intelligence is an ability that can be shaped or &quot;moulded&quot; and developed (Dweck and Leggett, 1988)

=== Pedagogical interventions and forming a growth mindset ===

*It is well versed that the intervention of praise and positive feedback from teachers and educators is a positive predictor through which mindset changes can be achieved (Gunderson et al., 2013)
*However, Mueller and Dweck (1998) suggested praise before failure may demonstrate lower persistence or high disappointment, but praise directed towards the effort of the student promotes improvement (person vs process praise)
*It is also important to consider the role of the teachers beliefs and attitudes in the classroom environment in which a growth mindset is successfully cultivated (Mesler et al., 2021)

=== Academic outcomes and a growth mindset ===

*Blackwell et al. (2007) suggested that the use of growth mindset interventions provided promising evidence in predicting that adopting growth mindset behaviours is reflective in positive academic achievement
*Also contested that a growth mindset was sufficient with its association with academic achievement by relating to mastery goals however has a weak association between goals and goal achievement (Burnette et al., 2018)
*Macnamara and Burgoyne (2023) systematic review and meta-analysis argue that such strong positive association between academic achievement and growth mindset interventions was as a result from targeting students with strong fixed mindsets

==Learning features==
{{Robelbox|title=Learned Helplessness scenario...|theme=3}}Peter has always been a good student in primary school. He always found that science was his strongest subject with his passion to become a biologist once he is older. Peter always takes pride in his abilities with his test results and assessment pieces always gaining praise from his teachers and parents.

When starting high school and feeling his most confident academically, he enrols in advanced science classes. However, he finds that high school science classes are far more difficult than he expected. After receiving a D in his first quiz and some harsh feedback, Peter feels discouraged and defeated. Peter believes that he is no longer good at science and believes he will never pass this class. As a result, Peter stops attending class and accepts that he will never become a biologist.


{{RoundBoxBottom}} 

&lt;quiz display=simple&gt;
{The purpose of quizzes is to provide an interactive learning feature:
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
+ True
- False

{Long and complex quiz questions are recommended:
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
- True
+ False
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==Conclusion==
{{expand}}

==See also==
* [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2019/Growth mindset development|Growth mindset development]] (Book chapter, 2019)
* [[w:Mindset|Mindsets]] (Wikipedia)

==References==
{{Hanging indent|1=

Blackwell, L. S., Trzesniewski, K. H., &amp; Dweck, C. S. (2007). Implicit Theories of Intelligence Predict Achievement Across an Adolescent Transition: A Longitudinal Study and an Intervention. Child Development, 78(1), 246–263. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.00995.x

Burnette, J. L., Billingsley, J., Banks, G. C., Knouse, L. E., Hoyt, C. L., Pollack, J. M., &amp; Simon, S. (2023). A systematic review and meta-analysis of growth mindset interventions: For whom, how, and why might such interventions work? Psychological Bulletin, 149(3–4), 174–205. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000368

Combette, L. T., Rotgé, J.-Y., &amp; Schmidt, L. (2024). Growth mindset is associated with mastery goals in adulthood. Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 20(3), 191–201. https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.11915

Dweck, C. S., &amp; Leggett, E. L. (1988). A social-cognitive approach to motivation and personality. Psychological Review, 95(2), 256–273. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.95.2.256

Gunderson, E. A., Sorhagen, N. S., Gripshover, S. J., Dweck, C. S., Goldin-Meadow, S., &amp; Levine, S. C. (2018). Parent praise to toddlers predicts fourth grade academic achievement via children’s incremental mindsets. Developmental Psychology, 54(3), 397–409. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000444

Macnamara, B. N., &amp; Burgoyne, A. P. (2023). Do growth mindset interventions impact students’ academic achievement? A systematic review and meta-analysis with recommendations for best practices. Psychological Bulletin, 149(3–4), 133–173. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000352

Mesler, R. M., Corbin, C. M., &amp; Martin, B. H. (2021). Teacher mindset is associated with development of students’ growth mindset. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 76, 101299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2021.101299

Mueller, C. M., &amp; Dweck, C. S. (1998). Praise for intelligence can undermine children’s motivation and performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75(1), 33–52. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.75.1.33

Sarrasin, J. B., Nenciovici, L., Foisy, L.-M. B., Allaire-Duquette, G., Riopel, M., &amp; Masson, S. (2018). Effects of teaching the concept of neuroplasticity to induce a growth mindset on motivation, achievement, and brain activity: A meta-analysis. Trends in Neuroscience and Education, 12, 22–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tine.2018.07.003

Seligman, M. E., &amp; Maier, S. F. (1967). Failure to escape traumatic shock. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 74(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0024514

Yu, J., &amp; McLellan, R. (2020). Same mindset, different goals and motivational frameworks: Profiles of mindset-based meaning systems. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 62, 101901. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2020.101901

}}

==External links==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hiiEeMN7vbQ Developing a Growth Mindset with Carol Dweck] (Youtube.com)
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J-swZaKN2Ic The Power of Yet | Carol S Dweck | Tedx] (Youtube.com)

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      <text bytes="10788" sha1="tn2kvlgsoy3jy2ib840y70gf1osxvky" xml:space="preserve">{{title|Developing a growth mindset:&lt;br&gt; How can a growth mindset be cultivated and sustained?}}
__TOC__

==Overview==
{{RoundBoxTop|theme=3}}
[[File:Openminded.png|right|thumb|150px|'''Figure 1'''. Illustration of being open-minded]]

; Imagine this ...

Two childhood best friends find themselves in two different places when they finish high school. Though living in the same neighbourhood, attending the same schools, enjoying the same hobbies and receiving equal opportunities, one is earning a scholarship to study their dream degree, and the other is falling behind. How could two people with the same opportunities have vastly separate life outcomes? Well, one evaded challenge for fear of failing, while the other appraised these failures as opportunities to learn. The margin between one and the other was not created based on ability, but from mindset.
{{RoundBoxBottom}}

* A person's mindset is the foundation in which learning and motivation build up on. 
* Meaning the mindset that we adopt is highly influential in how we perceive our abilities and intelligence as well as how we conduct ourselves in facing new adversities
* In order to foster learning and motivation, an individual must shift from a fixed mindset to a growth mindset in order to embrace challenges and gain success {{ic|This is the closest of the three opening bullet-points to addressing the topic. Need more of this.}}

{{RoundBoxTop|theme=3}}
'''Focus questions'''

* How does a growth mindset differ from a fixed mindset?
* What is the role of neuroplasticity in changing and sustaining a mindset?
* How can failure, feedback and goal-setting affect the development of a growth mindset? 
* How do educational practices nurture a student's growth mindset?
{{RoundBoxBottom}}

==Growth and Fixed Mindsets==
=== Mindsets ===

* Mindsets are an established process or set &quot;rules&quot; or structure that an individual adopts as part of their way of thinking, attitudes, and beliefs. 
* A mindset is highly influential in the way in which we conduct ourselves in terms of facing challenges, and how an individual may perceive failure and success (Dweck &amp; Leggett, 1988)

=== Growth versus fixed mindset's ===

* Mueller and Dweck (1988) established and developed two different Mindsets people adopt; growth and fixed, these mindsets run on a continuum
* Someone who adopts a growth mindset views that their abilities, skills and intelligence are sculpted, being able to grow and develop from setbacks as well as view failures as something to improve upon (Mueller &amp; Dweck, 1988)
* Someone who adopts a fixed mindset's see that their abilities, skills and intelligence is static and are simply as a result of a persons genetic disposition unlikely to change (Mueller &amp; Dweck, 1988)
* Implicit theory of intelligence - the belief that intelligence is an ability that can be shaped or &quot;moulded&quot; and developed (Dweck and Leggett, 1988)

== Physiological affects of mindset's ==

* The role of neuroplasticity is to enable and create new neural pathways throughout the brain especially important in learning a new skill or behaviour - proving that the ability of a person's mindset is not fixed but ever changing (e.g. the process of neurogenesis, or synaptogenesis)
* Therefore, repeated practice of a certain skill or behaviour (I.e. fixed Mindset), may strengthen these pathways in creating persistent and default processes in skill development - important in understanding how certain mindset's can be sustained
* In the context of growth Mindsets, neurobiology supports the underlying physiological mechanisms that demonstrate that a new mindset can be constructed on a neurological level to adapt to learning, and development (Sarrasin et al., 2018)

== Failure, feedback and goal setting ==
=== Responses to challenges and failure ===

* Learned helplessness theory – exposure to repeated negative outcomes or failures could lead to a person reducing their attempts to change a situation (Seligman &amp; Maier, 1967) 
* In the instance of Peter (see learning feature scenario), repeated failure reinforces the notion that their actions will not change their outcomes – this underlines the issue of how growth mindset is sustained or the beginning of a fixed mind/learned helplessness begins

=== Mastery goals versus performance goals ===
* Mastery goals involve an individual who is motivated in achieving competence, understanding and self-improvement (Dweck &amp; Leggett, 1988) 
* An individual motivated by performance goals seek to source their goals to appear competent relative to others 
* Dweck and Leggett (1988) connect goals to a growth mindset – the type of goals and motivation for goals may affect the types of mindset that you may adopt (Yu &amp; McLellan, 2020; Combette et al., 2024) 

== Mindset's in the educational setting ==

* Implicit theory of intelligence - the belief that intelligence is an ability that can be shaped or &quot;moulded&quot; and developed (Dweck and Leggett, 1988)

=== Pedagogical interventions and forming a growth mindset ===

*It is well versed that the intervention of praise and positive feedback from teachers and educators is a positive predictor through which mindset changes can be achieved (Gunderson et al., 2013)
*However, Mueller and Dweck (1998) suggested praise before failure may demonstrate lower persistence or high disappointment, but praise directed towards the effort of the student promotes improvement (person vs process praise)
*It is also important to consider the role of the teachers beliefs and attitudes in the classroom environment in which a growth mindset is successfully cultivated (Mesler et al., 2021)

=== Academic outcomes and a growth mindset ===

*Blackwell et al. (2007) suggested that the use of growth mindset interventions provided promising evidence in predicting that adopting growth mindset behaviours is reflective in positive academic achievement
*Also contested that a growth mindset was sufficient with its association with academic achievement by relating to mastery goals however has a weak association between goals and goal achievement (Burnette et al., 2018)
*Macnamara and Burgoyne (2023) systematic review and meta-analysis argue that such strong positive association between academic achievement and growth mindset interventions was as a result from targeting students with strong fixed mindsets

==Learning features==
{{Robelbox|title=Learned Helplessness scenario...|theme=3}}Peter has always been a good student in primary school. He always found that science was his strongest subject with his passion to become a biologist once he is older. Peter always takes pride in his abilities with his test results and assessment pieces always gaining praise from his teachers and parents.

When starting high school and feeling his most confident academically, he enrols in advanced science classes. However, he finds that high school science classes are far more difficult than he expected. After receiving a D in his first quiz and some harsh feedback, Peter feels discouraged and defeated. Peter believes that he is no longer good at science and believes he will never pass this class. As a result, Peter stops attending class and accepts that he will never become a biologist.


{{RoundBoxBottom}} 

&lt;quiz display=simple&gt;
{The purpose of quizzes is to provide an interactive learning feature:
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
+ True
- False

{Long and complex quiz questions are recommended:
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
- True
+ False
&lt;/quiz&gt;

==Conclusion==
{{expand}}

==See also==
* [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2019/Growth mindset development|Growth mindset development]] (Book chapter, 2019)
* [[w:Mindset|Mindsets]] (Wikipedia)

==References==
{{Hanging indent|1=

Blackwell, L. S., Trzesniewski, K. H., &amp; Dweck, C. S. (2007). Implicit Theories of Intelligence Predict Achievement Across an Adolescent Transition: A Longitudinal Study and an Intervention. Child Development, 78(1), 246–263. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.00995.x

Burnette, J. L., Billingsley, J., Banks, G. C., Knouse, L. E., Hoyt, C. L., Pollack, J. M., &amp; Simon, S. (2023). A systematic review and meta-analysis of growth mindset interventions: For whom, how, and why might such interventions work? Psychological Bulletin, 149(3–4), 174–205. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000368

Combette, L. T., Rotgé, J.-Y., &amp; Schmidt, L. (2024). Growth mindset is associated with mastery goals in adulthood. Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 20(3), 191–201. https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.11915

Dweck, C. S., &amp; Leggett, E. L. (1988). A social-cognitive approach to motivation and personality. Psychological Review, 95(2), 256–273. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.95.2.256

Gunderson, E. A., Sorhagen, N. S., Gripshover, S. J., Dweck, C. S., Goldin-Meadow, S., &amp; Levine, S. C. (2018). Parent praise to toddlers predicts fourth grade academic achievement via children’s incremental mindsets. Developmental Psychology, 54(3), 397–409. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000444

Macnamara, B. N., &amp; Burgoyne, A. P. (2023). Do growth mindset interventions impact students’ academic achievement? A systematic review and meta-analysis with recommendations for best practices. Psychological Bulletin, 149(3–4), 133–173. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000352

Mesler, R. M., Corbin, C. M., &amp; Martin, B. H. (2021). Teacher mindset is associated with development of students’ growth mindset. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 76, 101299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2021.101299

Mueller, C. M., &amp; Dweck, C. S. (1998). Praise for intelligence can undermine children’s motivation and performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75(1), 33–52. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.75.1.33

Sarrasin, J. B., Nenciovici, L., Foisy, L.-M. B., Allaire-Duquette, G., Riopel, M., &amp; Masson, S. (2018). Effects of teaching the concept of neuroplasticity to induce a growth mindset on motivation, achievement, and brain activity: A meta-analysis. Trends in Neuroscience and Education, 12, 22–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tine.2018.07.003

Seligman, M. E., &amp; Maier, S. F. (1967). Failure to escape traumatic shock. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 74(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0024514

Yu, J., &amp; McLellan, R. (2020). Same mindset, different goals and motivational frameworks: Profiles of mindset-based meaning systems. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 62, 101901. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2020.101901

}}

==External links==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hiiEeMN7vbQ Developing a Growth Mindset with Carol Dweck] (Youtube.com)
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J-swZaKN2Ic The Power of Yet | Carol S Dweck | Tedx] (Youtube.com)

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__TOC__

==Overview==
{{RoundBoxTop|theme=2}}
[[File:Openminded.png|right|thumb|150px|'''Figure 1'''. Illustration of being open-minded]]

; Imagine this ...

Two childhood best friends find themselves in two different places when they finish high school. Though living in the same neighbourhood, attending the same schools, enjoying the same hobbies and receiving equal opportunities, one is earning a scholarship to study their dream degree, and the other is falling behind. How could two people with the same opportunities have vastly separate life outcomes? Well, one evaded challenge for fear of failing, while the other appraised these failures as opportunities to learn. The margin between one and the other was not created based on ability, but from mindset.
{{RoundBoxBottom}}

Developing a growth mindset is not a single process, rather, adopting the belief that your abilities and intelligence can change does not necessarily guarantee that it will be maintained over time. In the face of failure, setbacks, negative feedback or difficult environmental challenges, growth-oriented beliefs may waver. Adopting maladaptive approaches to adversities potentially influences individuals to believe in their own incompetence and avoid challenges that are necessary for life-long learning and success. 

The scenario poses an important question that still rests, how can a growth mindset be sustained beyond the initial development? Addressing this question requires seeing a growth mindset not as something that is linear, once adopted, but as something that requires adopting ongoing cultivation and reinforcement. In saying this, understanding a growth mindset beyond its initial development considers exploring internal and external factors that cultivate and reinforce this framework for the long term.   {{RoundBoxTop|theme=3}}
'''Focus questions'''

* How does a growth mindset differ from a fixed mindset?
* What is the role of neuroplasticity in changing and sustaining a mindset?
* How can failure, feedback and goal-setting affect the development of a growth mindset? 
* How do educational practices nurture a student's growth mindset?
{{RoundBoxBottom}}

==Growth and Fixed Mindsets==
=== Mindsets ===

* Mindsets are an established process or set &quot;rules&quot; or structure that an individual adopts as part of their way of thinking, attitudes, and beliefs. 
* A mindset is highly influential in the way in which we conduct ourselves in terms of facing challenges, and how an individual may perceive failure and success (Dweck &amp; Leggett, 1988)

=== Growth versus fixed mindset's ===

* Mueller and Dweck (1988) established and developed two different Mindsets people adopt; growth and fixed, these mindsets run on a continuum
* Someone who adopts a growth mindset views that their abilities, skills and intelligence are sculpted, being able to grow and develop from setbacks as well as view failures as something to improve upon (Mueller &amp; Dweck, 1988)
* Someone who adopts a fixed mindset's see that their abilities, skills and intelligence is static and are simply as a result of a persons genetic disposition unlikely to change (Mueller &amp; Dweck, 1988)
* Implicit theory of intelligence - the belief that intelligence is an ability that can be shaped or &quot;moulded&quot; and developed (Dweck and Leggett, 1988)

== Physiological affects of mindset's ==

* The role of neuroplasticity is to enable and create new neural pathways throughout the brain especially important in learning a new skill or behaviour - proving that the ability of a person's mindset is not fixed but ever changing (e.g. the process of neurogenesis, or synaptogenesis)
* Therefore, repeated practice of a certain skill or behaviour (I.e. fixed Mindset), may strengthen these pathways in creating persistent and default processes in skill development - important in understanding how certain mindset's can be sustained
* In the context of growth Mindsets, neurobiology supports the underlying physiological mechanisms that demonstrate that a new mindset can be constructed on a neurological level to adapt to learning, and development (Sarrasin et al., 2018)

== Failure, feedback and goal setting ==
=== Responses to challenges and failure ===

* Learned helplessness theory – exposure to repeated negative outcomes or failures could lead to a person reducing their attempts to change a situation (Seligman &amp; Maier, 1967) 
* In the instance of Peter (see learning feature scenario), repeated failure reinforces the notion that their actions will not change their outcomes – this underlines the issue of how growth mindset is sustained or the beginning of a fixed mind/learned helplessness begins

=== Mastery goals versus performance goals ===
* Mastery goals involve an individual who is motivated in achieving competence, understanding and self-improvement (Dweck &amp; Leggett, 1988) 
* An individual motivated by performance goals seek to source their goals to appear competent relative to others 
* Dweck and Leggett (1988) connect goals to a growth mindset – the type of goals and motivation for goals may affect the types of mindset that you may adopt (Yu &amp; McLellan, 2020; Combette et al., 2024) 

== Mindset's in the educational setting ==

* Implicit theory of intelligence - the belief that intelligence is an ability that can be shaped or &quot;moulded&quot; and developed (Dweck and Leggett, 1988)

=== Pedagogical interventions and forming a growth mindset ===

*It is well versed that the intervention of praise and positive feedback from teachers and educators is a positive predictor through which mindset changes can be achieved (Gunderson et al., 2013)
*However, Mueller and Dweck (1998) suggested praise before failure may demonstrate lower persistence or high disappointment, but praise directed towards the effort of the student promotes improvement (person vs process praise)
*It is also important to consider the role of the teachers beliefs and attitudes in the classroom environment in which a growth mindset is successfully cultivated (Mesler et al., 2021)

=== Academic outcomes and a growth mindset ===

*Blackwell et al. (2007) suggested that the use of growth mindset interventions provided promising evidence in predicting that adopting growth mindset behaviours is reflective in positive academic achievement
*Also contested that a growth mindset was sufficient with its association with academic achievement by relating to mastery goals however has a weak association between goals and goal achievement (Burnette et al., 2018)
*Macnamara and Burgoyne (2023) systematic review and meta-analysis argue that such strong positive association between academic achievement and growth mindset interventions was as a result from targeting students with strong fixed mindsets

==Learning features==
{{Robelbox|title=Learned Helplessness scenario...|theme=3}}Peter has always been a good student in primary school. He always found that science was his strongest subject with his passion to become a biologist once he is older. Peter always takes pride in his abilities with his test results and assessment pieces always gaining praise from his teachers and parents.

When starting high school and feeling his most confident academically, he enrols in advanced science classes. However, he finds that high school science classes are far more difficult than he expected. After receiving a D in his first quiz and some harsh feedback, Peter feels discouraged and defeated. Peter believes that he is no longer good at science and believes he will never pass this class. As a result, Peter stops attending class and accepts that he will never become a biologist.


{{RoundBoxBottom}} 

&lt;quiz display=simple&gt;
{The purpose of quizzes is to provide an interactive learning feature:
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
+ True
- False

{Long and complex quiz questions are recommended:
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
- True
+ False
&lt;/quiz&gt;

==Conclusion==
{{expand}}

==See also==
* [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2019/Growth mindset development|Growth mindset development]] (Book chapter, 2019)
* [[w:Mindset|Mindsets]] (Wikipedia)

==References==
{{Hanging indent|1=

Blackwell, L. S., Trzesniewski, K. H., &amp; Dweck, C. S. (2007). Implicit Theories of Intelligence Predict Achievement Across an Adolescent Transition: A Longitudinal Study and an Intervention. Child Development, 78(1), 246–263. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.00995.x

Burnette, J. L., Billingsley, J., Banks, G. C., Knouse, L. E., Hoyt, C. L., Pollack, J. M., &amp; Simon, S. (2023). A systematic review and meta-analysis of growth mindset interventions: For whom, how, and why might such interventions work? Psychological Bulletin, 149(3–4), 174–205. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000368

Combette, L. T., Rotgé, J.-Y., &amp; Schmidt, L. (2024). Growth mindset is associated with mastery goals in adulthood. Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 20(3), 191–201. https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.11915

Dweck, C. S., &amp; Leggett, E. L. (1988). A social-cognitive approach to motivation and personality. Psychological Review, 95(2), 256–273. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.95.2.256

Gunderson, E. A., Sorhagen, N. S., Gripshover, S. J., Dweck, C. S., Goldin-Meadow, S., &amp; Levine, S. C. (2018). Parent praise to toddlers predicts fourth grade academic achievement via children’s incremental mindsets. Developmental Psychology, 54(3), 397–409. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000444

Macnamara, B. N., &amp; Burgoyne, A. P. (2023). Do growth mindset interventions impact students’ academic achievement? A systematic review and meta-analysis with recommendations for best practices. Psychological Bulletin, 149(3–4), 133–173. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000352

Mesler, R. M., Corbin, C. M., &amp; Martin, B. H. (2021). Teacher mindset is associated with development of students’ growth mindset. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 76, 101299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2021.101299

Mueller, C. M., &amp; Dweck, C. S. (1998). Praise for intelligence can undermine children’s motivation and performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75(1), 33–52. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.75.1.33

Sarrasin, J. B., Nenciovici, L., Foisy, L.-M. B., Allaire-Duquette, G., Riopel, M., &amp; Masson, S. (2018). Effects of teaching the concept of neuroplasticity to induce a growth mindset on motivation, achievement, and brain activity: A meta-analysis. Trends in Neuroscience and Education, 12, 22–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tine.2018.07.003

Seligman, M. E., &amp; Maier, S. F. (1967). Failure to escape traumatic shock. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 74(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0024514

Yu, J., &amp; McLellan, R. (2020). Same mindset, different goals and motivational frameworks: Profiles of mindset-based meaning systems. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 62, 101901. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2020.101901

}}

==External links==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hiiEeMN7vbQ Developing a Growth Mindset with Carol Dweck] (Youtube.com)
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J-swZaKN2Ic The Power of Yet | Carol S Dweck | Tedx] (Youtube.com)

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__TOC__

==Overview==
{{RoundBoxTop|theme=2}}
[[File:Openminded.png|right|thumb|150px|'''Figure 1'''. Illustration of being open-minded]]

; Imagine this ...

Two childhood best friends find themselves in two different places when they finish high school. Though living in the same neighbourhood, attending the same schools, enjoying the same hobbies and receiving equal opportunities, one is earning a scholarship to study their dream degree, and the other is falling behind. How could two people with the same opportunities have vastly separate life outcomes? Well, one evaded challenge for fear of failing, while the other appraised these failures as opportunities to learn. The margin between one and the other was not created based on ability, but from mindset.
{{RoundBoxBottom}}

Developing a growth mindset is not a single process, rather, adopting the belief that your abilities and intelligence can change does not necessarily guarantee that it will be maintained over time. In the face of failure, setbacks, negative feedback or difficult environmental challenges, growth-oriented beliefs may waver. Adopting maladaptive approaches to adversities potentially influences individuals to believe in their own incompetence and avoid challenges that are necessary for life-long learning and success. 

The scenario poses an important question that still rests, ''how can a growth mindset be sustained beyond the initial development?'' Addressing this question requires seeing a growth mindset not as something that is linear, once adopted, but as something that requires adopting ongoing cultivation and reinforcement. In saying this, understanding a growth mindset beyond its initial development considers exploring internal and external factors that cultivate and reinforce this framework for the long term.  

{{RoundBoxTop|theme=3}}
'''Focus questions'''

* How does a growth mindset differ from a fixed mindset?
* What is the role of neuroplasticity in changing and sustaining a mindset?
* How can failure, feedback and goal-setting affect the development of a growth mindset? 
* How do educational practices nurture a student's growth mindset?
{{RoundBoxBottom}}

==Growth and Fixed Mindsets==
=== Mindsets ===

* Mindsets are an established process or set &quot;rules&quot; or structure that an individual adopts as part of their way of thinking, attitudes, and beliefs. 
* A mindset is highly influential in the way in which we conduct ourselves in terms of facing challenges, and how an individual may perceive failure and success (Dweck &amp; Leggett, 1988)

=== Growth versus fixed mindset's ===

* Mueller and Dweck (1988) established and developed two different Mindsets people adopt; growth and fixed, these mindsets run on a continuum
* Someone who adopts a growth mindset views that their abilities, skills and intelligence are sculpted, being able to grow and develop from setbacks as well as view failures as something to improve upon (Mueller &amp; Dweck, 1988)
* Someone who adopts a fixed mindset's see that their abilities, skills and intelligence is static and are simply as a result of a persons genetic disposition unlikely to change (Mueller &amp; Dweck, 1988)
* Implicit theory of intelligence - the belief that intelligence is an ability that can be shaped or &quot;moulded&quot; and developed (Dweck and Leggett, 1988)

== Physiological affects of mindset's ==

* The role of neuroplasticity is to enable and create new neural pathways throughout the brain especially important in learning a new skill or behaviour - proving that the ability of a person's mindset is not fixed but ever changing (e.g. the process of neurogenesis, or synaptogenesis)
* Therefore, repeated practice of a certain skill or behaviour (I.e. fixed Mindset), may strengthen these pathways in creating persistent and default processes in skill development - important in understanding how certain mindset's can be sustained
* In the context of growth Mindsets, neurobiology supports the underlying physiological mechanisms that demonstrate that a new mindset can be constructed on a neurological level to adapt to learning, and development (Sarrasin et al., 2018)

== Failure, feedback and goal setting ==
=== Responses to challenges and failure ===

* Learned helplessness theory – exposure to repeated negative outcomes or failures could lead to a person reducing their attempts to change a situation (Seligman &amp; Maier, 1967) 
* In the instance of Peter (see learning feature scenario), repeated failure reinforces the notion that their actions will not change their outcomes – this underlines the issue of how growth mindset is sustained or the beginning of a fixed mind/learned helplessness begins

=== Mastery goals versus performance goals ===
* Mastery goals involve an individual who is motivated in achieving competence, understanding and self-improvement (Dweck &amp; Leggett, 1988) 
* An individual motivated by performance goals seek to source their goals to appear competent relative to others 
* Dweck and Leggett (1988) connect goals to a growth mindset – the type of goals and motivation for goals may affect the types of mindset that you may adopt (Yu &amp; McLellan, 2020; Combette et al., 2024) 

== Mindset's in the educational setting ==

* Implicit theory of intelligence - the belief that intelligence is an ability that can be shaped or &quot;moulded&quot; and developed (Dweck and Leggett, 1988)

=== Pedagogical interventions and forming a growth mindset ===

*It is well versed that the intervention of praise and positive feedback from teachers and educators is a positive predictor through which mindset changes can be achieved (Gunderson et al., 2013)
*However, Mueller and Dweck (1998) suggested praise before failure may demonstrate lower persistence or high disappointment, but praise directed towards the effort of the student promotes improvement (person vs process praise)
*It is also important to consider the role of the teachers beliefs and attitudes in the classroom environment in which a growth mindset is successfully cultivated (Mesler et al., 2021)

=== Academic outcomes and a growth mindset ===

*Blackwell et al. (2007) suggested that the use of growth mindset interventions provided promising evidence in predicting that adopting growth mindset behaviours is reflective in positive academic achievement
*Also contested that a growth mindset was sufficient with its association with academic achievement by relating to mastery goals however has a weak association between goals and goal achievement (Burnette et al., 2018)
*Macnamara and Burgoyne (2023) systematic review and meta-analysis argue that such strong positive association between academic achievement and growth mindset interventions was as a result from targeting students with strong fixed mindsets

==Learning features==
{{Robelbox|title=Learned Helplessness scenario...|theme=3}}Peter has always been a good student in primary school. He always found that science was his strongest subject with his passion to become a biologist once he is older. Peter always takes pride in his abilities with his test results and assessment pieces always gaining praise from his teachers and parents.

When starting high school and feeling his most confident academically, he enrols in advanced science classes. However, he finds that high school science classes are far more difficult than he expected. After receiving a D in his first quiz and some harsh feedback, Peter feels discouraged and defeated. Peter believes that he is no longer good at science and believes he will never pass this class. As a result, Peter stops attending class and accepts that he will never become a biologist.


{{RoundBoxBottom}} 

&lt;quiz display=simple&gt;
{The purpose of quizzes is to provide an interactive learning feature:
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
+ True
- False

{Long and complex quiz questions are recommended:
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
- True
+ False
&lt;/quiz&gt;

==Conclusion==
{{expand}}

==See also==
* [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2019/Growth mindset development|Growth mindset development]] (Book chapter, 2019)
* [[w:Mindset|Mindsets]] (Wikipedia)

==References==
{{Hanging indent|1=

Blackwell, L. S., Trzesniewski, K. H., &amp; Dweck, C. S. (2007). Implicit Theories of Intelligence Predict Achievement Across an Adolescent Transition: A Longitudinal Study and an Intervention. Child Development, 78(1), 246–263. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.00995.x

Burnette, J. L., Billingsley, J., Banks, G. C., Knouse, L. E., Hoyt, C. L., Pollack, J. M., &amp; Simon, S. (2023). A systematic review and meta-analysis of growth mindset interventions: For whom, how, and why might such interventions work? Psychological Bulletin, 149(3–4), 174–205. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000368

Combette, L. T., Rotgé, J.-Y., &amp; Schmidt, L. (2024). Growth mindset is associated with mastery goals in adulthood. Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 20(3), 191–201. https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.11915

Dweck, C. S., &amp; Leggett, E. L. (1988). A social-cognitive approach to motivation and personality. Psychological Review, 95(2), 256–273. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.95.2.256

Gunderson, E. A., Sorhagen, N. S., Gripshover, S. J., Dweck, C. S., Goldin-Meadow, S., &amp; Levine, S. C. (2018). Parent praise to toddlers predicts fourth grade academic achievement via children’s incremental mindsets. Developmental Psychology, 54(3), 397–409. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000444

Macnamara, B. N., &amp; Burgoyne, A. P. (2023). Do growth mindset interventions impact students’ academic achievement? A systematic review and meta-analysis with recommendations for best practices. Psychological Bulletin, 149(3–4), 133–173. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000352

Mesler, R. M., Corbin, C. M., &amp; Martin, B. H. (2021). Teacher mindset is associated with development of students’ growth mindset. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 76, 101299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2021.101299

Mueller, C. M., &amp; Dweck, C. S. (1998). Praise for intelligence can undermine children’s motivation and performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75(1), 33–52. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.75.1.33

Sarrasin, J. B., Nenciovici, L., Foisy, L.-M. B., Allaire-Duquette, G., Riopel, M., &amp; Masson, S. (2018). Effects of teaching the concept of neuroplasticity to induce a growth mindset on motivation, achievement, and brain activity: A meta-analysis. Trends in Neuroscience and Education, 12, 22–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tine.2018.07.003

Seligman, M. E., &amp; Maier, S. F. (1967). Failure to escape traumatic shock. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 74(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0024514

Yu, J., &amp; McLellan, R. (2020). Same mindset, different goals and motivational frameworks: Profiles of mindset-based meaning systems. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 62, 101901. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2020.101901

}}

==External links==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hiiEeMN7vbQ Developing a Growth Mindset with Carol Dweck] (Youtube.com)
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J-swZaKN2Ic The Power of Yet | Carol S Dweck | Tedx] (Youtube.com)

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      <text bytes="12770" sha1="j7lgf14tbkfl2jkku5c4u3agy1yngoq" xml:space="preserve">{{title|Dark empathy:&lt;br&gt;What is dark empathy, what are its consequences, and what can be done to address it?}}
__TOC__

==Overview==
{{RoundBoxTop|theme=3}}

;Case study

{{ic|Make it more clear how this connects to dark empathy}}

*A friend discussing their concerns about their friend's long-term relationship
*They are concerned about the relationship and the person having too much control
*The relationship has over taken their life and their partner is slowly diminishing their confidence and self worth

{{RoundBoxBottom}}

* Dark empathy is a developed skill that uses the understanding of emotion and people's vulnerabilities against them to control and manipulate for their advantage
* Understanding why and how people use dark empathy is important to preventing and addressing the the concern
* Research indicates understanding emotional intelligence, the dark triad, theory of mind and the schemas {{ic|APA style uses serial commas}} could assist with understanding the motivation behind dark empathy

{{RoundBoxTop|theme=3}}

;Focus questions

* [FQ1]
* [FQ2]
* [FQ3]

{{RoundBoxBottom}}

== Dark empathy ==

* [[Empathy]] is a shared experience of feelings and thoughts while dark empathy is understanding those feelings and harnessing against others
* Development of dark empathy '''i'''s when an individual has high levels of dark traits {{ic|What are dark traits?}} and alongside retained or high cognitive and affective empathy capacity (Gojković et al., 2022)

=== Types of empathy ===

Empathy is a large element of emotional intelligence in an understanding and sharing feeling with others

There are two types of empathy: 

* Cognitive empathy - the intellectual understanding of another’s emotions and thoughts without feeling their pain
* Affective empathy - physical and emotional sharing of feelings
[[File:The Dark Triad Traits.svg|thumb|'''Figure 1.''' The dark triad and subsets of the three elements ]]

=== The dark triad ===

* There are three elements to the dark triad: 
** Narcissism
** Machiavellianism
** Psychopathy

=== Making of a dark empath ===

* Dark empath isn't a psychological diagnosis, yet a term how an individual differences from other diagnosis from the dark triad
* Dark empathy is found in individuals with high dark triad traits and cognitive empathy. Cognitive empathy rather than affective empathy allows the individual to understanding emotions and thoughts without having to feel the emotions which in turn makes it easier to manipulate others
* It is '''affective dissonance'''—having twisted or contradictory emotional reactions, such as feeling happy when someone else is suffering that is present in those with high dark traits (Gojković et al., 2022) that is a potential indicator of dark empathy
*Research demonstrates experiencing trauma as a child where you had to predict and understand other's emotion to keep safe may lead to the develop of dark empathy

== Consequences of dark empathy ==

*The person using dark empathy and those they are manipulating are both impacted by the behaviour and will harm their wellbeing
*While the use of empathy may bring people together through a shared emotion and experience, dark empathy isolates from community

=== Effects on victims of dark empathy ===

*it will impact their mental health causing chronic anxiety, lower self-esteem and emotional dependency

=== Outcome for dark empaths ===

*the control and manipulation is exhausting. It will impact their mental health potentially leading to depression, mood instability, difficulty maintaining long-term relationships and identity confusion

== Address dark empathy ==

*Dark empathy is not easily recognised in others
*A narcissist or sociopath may use understanding of schemas to influence others while a dark empath uses their empathy to control and most likely enjoy other's vulnerable emotions

=== Regaining themselves: recovering from a dark empathy ===

*Recognise the patterns used by the dark empath
*Prioritise your self and trust your instincts
*Set healthy emotional boundaries in this relationship
*Seek therapy particularly CBT
*Seperation from the dark empath

=== Unravelling from dark empathy ===

*Recognising and acknowledging the pattern of behaviour of controlling those around them and the impacts on theirs and other’s wellbeing
*Attending therapy is the best way to address and understand the behaviours. Some therapies that would be appropriate and effective for dark empaths are:
**Trauma-informed therapy
**[[w:Cognitive_behavioral_therapy|Cognitive Behaviour Therapy]] (CBT)
**[[w:Schema_therapy|Schema therapy]]
**Emotional regulation and accountability training

== Conclusion ==

* Emotional intelligence does not come with morality
* The dark triad is an indicator of dark empathy if individual have high dark traits and affective cognitive empathy
* Cognitive empathy and trauma patterns can develop the drive for using dark empathy
* Effective identification and therapy will assist with managing an individual using empathy against others

==Figures==
[[File:Thought bubble.svg|right|140px|thumb|'''Figure 2'''. Example of an image with a descriptive caption.]]

* For the book chapter, use several figures to illustrate concepts, add interest, and to serve as examples
* For the topic development, use at least one figure (even if not ideal) to show that you know how to embed, caption, and cite a figure
* Figures can show any kind of media such as photos, diagrams, graphs, video, audio, and so on
* Embed figures throughout the chapter, starting with the scenario in the Overview section
* Provide descriptive figure captions (use '''Figure #''' and explain the relevance of the image to the text)
* Images must be embedded from [[commons:|Wikimedia Commons]]
* Images can be uploaded to [[commons:|Wikimedia Commons]] if they are openly licensed
* Cite each figure at least once in the main text (e.g., see Figure 2)

==Learning features==
Learning features help to bring book chapters to life and can be embedded throughout the chapter. Here are some options:

{{anchor|Scenarios}}
;Scenarios
* Scenarios, case studies, or examples that illustrate concepts in action
* Present using [[#Feature boxes|feature boxes]]; can be split into multiple boxes throughout a chapter (e.g., to illustrate different theories or stages)
* Can be real or fictional; if real, provide citation(s)

{{anchor|Feature box}}
;Feature boxes
* Highlight key content using [[Motivation and emotion/Wikiversity/Feature box|feature boxes]], but don't overuse, otherwise they lose their effect
* Consider using feature boxes for:
** [[#Scenarios|Scenarios]], case studies, or examples
** Focus questions
** Tips
** Quiz questions
** Take-home messages

;Embedded links
* When key words are introduced, use [[Help:Links|interwiki links]] to:
** Wikipedia articles (e.g., &quot;An early psychological view [[w:Dreams|dreams]]) of dreams was provided by [[w:Sigmund Freud|Sigmund Freud]]&quot;) or
** Related book chapters (e.g., &quot;If you're feeling stuck, check out the chapter about [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Writer's block|writer's block]]&quot;)

{{anchor|Tables}}
;Tables
* Use tables to organise and summarise information
* Cite each table at least once in the main text (e.g., see Table 1)
* Tables should be captioned
* [[Motivation and emotion/Wikiversity/Tables|More example tables]] which can be adapted

'''Table 1''' 

A Descriptive Caption Explains The Table Contents and its Relevance to the Text e.g., 

The 2 x 2 Johari Window Model Showing the Relationship Between Known/Unknown and Self/Other

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin: auto;&quot;
|-
! !! Known to self !! Not known to self
|-
| '''Known to others''' || Open area || Blind spot
|-
| '''Not known to others''' || Hidden area || Unknown
|}

;Quizzes
* One or two quiz questions for each main section is better than a long quiz at the end
* Quiz ''conceptual'' understanding, rather than trivia. Ask about important information such as the take-home messages
* Ask easy rather than hard questions
* Different types of quiz questions are possible; see [[Help:Quiz|Quiz]]

Example simple quiz questions. Choose your answers and click &quot;Submit&quot;:
&lt;quiz display=simple&gt;
{The purpose of quizzes is to provide an interactive learning feature:
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
+ True
- False

{Long and complex quiz questions are recommended:
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
- True
+ False
&lt;/quiz&gt;

==Conclusion==
* Arguably the most important section
* Provide at least three bullet-points for this section even at the topic development stage, based on preliminary thinking
* For the book chapter, develop clear take-home message(s) that address the focus questions based on psychological theory and research
* Together, the [[#Overview|Overview]] and Conclusion should summarise the problem, its significance, and how psychological science contributes to understanding and addressing this problem
* Recommended length: 150 to 330 words

{{tip|Suggestions for this section:
* What is the answer to the sub-title question based on psychological theory and research?
* What are the answers to the focus questions?
* What are the practical, take-home messages?
}}

==See also==
*[[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Dark triad personality and emotion|Dark triad personality and emotion]] (Book chapter, 2020) 
*[[Motivation and emotion/Book/2019/Emotional intelligence and anti-social behaviour|Emotional intelligence and antisocial behaviour]] (Book chapter, 2019)
*[[Motivation and emotion/Book/2021/Emotional intelligence and the dark triad|Emotional intelligence and the dark triad]] (Book chapter, 2021)
*[[wikipedia:Machiavellianism_(psychology)|Machiavellianism]] (Wikipedia) 
*[[wikipedia:Narcissism|Narcissism]] (Wikipedia)
*[[wikipedia:Psychopathy|Psychopathy]] (Wikipedia)
*[[wikipedia:Dark_triad|The Dark Triad]] (Wikipedia)

==References==
{{Hanging indent|1=

Gojković, V., Dostanić, J. S., &amp; Đurić, V. (2022). Structure of darkness: The Dark Triad, the ‘Dark’ Empathy and the ‘Dark’ Narcissism. Primenjena psihologija (Online), 15(2), 237-268. https://doi.org/10.19090/pp.v15i2.2380
Heym, N., Firth, J., Kibowski, F., Sumich, A., Egan, V., &amp; Bloxsom, C. A. (2019). Empathy at the heart of darkness: Empathy deficits that bind the dark triad and those that mediate indirect relational aggression. Frontiers in psychiatry, 10, 95. 

Heym, N., Kibowski, F., Bloxsom, C. A. J., Blanchard, A., Harper, A., Wallace, L., Firth, J., &amp; Sumich, A. (2021). The Dark Empath: Characterising dark traits in the presence of empathy. Personality and Individual Differences, 169, 110172-110172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110172 

Huang, C., Wu, Z., Sha, S., Liu, C., Yang, L., Jiang, P., Zhang, H., &amp; Yang, C. (2025). The Dark Side of Empathy: The Role of Excessive Affective Empathy in Mental Health Disorders. Biological psychiatry (1969), 98(5), 404-415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.12.020 

Kaufman, S. B., Yaden, D. B., Hyde, E., &amp; Tsukayama, E. (2019). The Light vs. Dark Triad of Personality: Contrasting Two Very Different Profiles of Human Nature [Original Research]. Frontiers in psychology, Volume 10 - 2019. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00467 

Mikkelsen, E. N., Geraldi, J., &amp; Clegg, S. (2026). The Dark Side of Empathy and Organization Studies. Organization studies. https://doi.org/10.1177/01708406261459079

}}

{{tip|Suggestions for this section:
* Important aspects of APA referencing style
** Author surname, followed by a comma, then the author initials separated by full stops and spaces
** Year of publication in parentheses
** Title of work in lower case (except first letter and proper names), ending in a full-stop
** Journal title in italics, volume number in italics, issue number in parentheses, first and last page numbers separated by an en-dash(–), followed by a full-stop
** doi as a URL which is a working hyperlink (i.e., clickable)
** Hanging indent: Wrap the set of references in the [[Template:Hanging indent|hanging indent template]]:
*** Use &quot;Edit source&quot;
*** &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Hanging indent|1= the full list of references}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
* The most common mistakes include:
** Incorrect capitalisation
** Incorrect italicisation
** dois which aren't clickable as working hyperlinks
** Citing sources that haven't been consulted
}}

==External links==
* [https://www.sciencefocus.com/wellbeing/dark-empaths Dark Empaths] (Science Focus)
* [https://www.psychologytoday.com/au/basics/dark-triad Dark Triad] (Psychology Today)
* [https://www.theguardian.com/science/2024/nov/10/narcissists-only-more-devious-the-truth-about-dark-empaths 'Narcissists - only more devious': the truth about dark empaths] (the Guardian)

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      <text bytes="1863" sha1="19atzdbfrykhhnjqbnay3nxtmufm0xg" xml:space="preserve">== About me ==
My name is Simran 

I study Bachelor of Science in Psychology at [https://www.canberra.edu.au/ University of Canberra]. I am interested in understanding human behaviour, motivation, emotions, and the different psychological factors that influence everyday life. As part of my studies, I am contributing to the [[Motivation and emotion/Book|Motivation and Emotion]] Wikiversity book. 

== Book chapter i am working on ==

My Book chapter is [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2026/Creative inspiration and effort|Creative inspiration and effort: How do inspiration and effort interact during the creative process?]]

My book chapter focuses on creative inspiration and effort, exploring how inspiration and effort interact during the creative process.

I am using Wikiversity to develop my academic writing, research, and collaborative learning skills. Through this project, I hope to improve my understanding of psychological research while contributing useful information for other learners.

== Hobbies and interests                                                                        ==
[[File:Volleyball attack and triple block-pjt.jpg|thumb|Figure 1: Outside attacker hitting the ball ]]

* Badminton                                                                          
* Rope skipping.
* Volleyball 


== Social Contributions ==

{{ic|Use a numbered list as shown in [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]]}}

[https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2025%2FWork_motivation_and_self-determination_theory&amp;diff=2827342&amp;oldid=2761781 Fixed Grammatical errors]

[[Talk:Motivation and emotion/Book/2026/Epistemic motivation and the need for cognitive closure|Added a comment]] 

[https://uclearn.canberra.edu.au/courses/20143/discussion_topics/455261 Shared about what I want to learn]</text>
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      <text bytes="2194" sha1="55xgqaspviqx4nz97xhz3n1w3wr7tj4" xml:space="preserve">== About me ==
Hi, 

My name is Zoe or Zo for short, and I work in the [https://www.aihr.com/blog/learning-and-development/ Learning and Development (L&amp;D) team] within my department in the Australian Public Service. I am currently in my third year, studying a Bachelor of Science in Psychology at the [https://www.canberra.edu.au/ University of Canberra] (UC) alongside working.  

I'm genuinely passionate about the intersection of Human Resource Management (HR) and psychology, much of the theory I've learnt whilst completing this degree feels directly transferable to my current role and to HR more broadly. My long-term career goal is to hopefully become an [[w:Industrial and organizational psychology|industrial psychologist]]. or a HR specialist. 

Within my studies, I have a particular interest in neurodiversity and how diverse considerations can be meaningfully applied across the field, as well as [[w:Emic and etic|emic and etic]] perspectives in understanding behaviour across cultural contexts.

And outside of my academic pursuits, I very much adore most animals and have a sweet spot for horses. As I have been horse riding nearly 10 years.
== Book chapter ==
The topic I have chosen for my book chapter is 

[[Motivation and emotion/Book/2026/Competence motivation in self-determination theory|Competence motivation in self-determination theory]]

I think this topic relates to almost everyone in some way, and it's more layered than it first appears particularly in how it connects back to diversity and individual differences. I'm keen to learn more about it and excited to share my findings with anyone who reads this chapter.

== Social contributions ==
{{ic|Use a numbered list as shown in [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]]}}

1.'''04/09/2026''' - Edited the title for another students chapter. See here: https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion/Book/2026/Awe_and_the_diminished_self&amp;oldid=2831066
2. '''04/09/2026''' - posted a discussion on the discussion page requesting for people to add their article recommendations for my topic. see here: https://uclearn.canberra.edu.au/courses/20143/discussion_topics/459237</text>
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      <text bytes="13737" sha1="tjzreakue76xguzn5s2k19y6xo8rgf1" xml:space="preserve">== About me ==
Hello Everyone,

I am currently a 3rd year psychology student at [https://www.google.com/search?client=safari&amp;rls=en&amp;q=University+of+canberra&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;oe=UTF-8 University of Canberra] This semester I am studying [[Motivation and emotion|Motivation and Emotion]] unit.

My Linkedln profile:  https://www.linkedin.com/in/palak-kathiriya-6b7048289/

== Hobbies ==

* Dancing
* Hiking
* Travelling to different countries 
* Painting 
* Cycling 
* Nature exploration
** Birdwatching
** Gardening 

== Book Chapter I'm working on ==
I am working on a really interesting topic for my book chapter. My chapter title is: Positive emotion dysregulation: What is positive emotion dysregulation and how does it affect psychological functioning? 

Link for my book chapter: [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2026/Positive emotion dysregulation|Positive emotion dysregulation]] 

== Social contributions ==
All times are in Canberra local time (AEST/AEDT)
# 12:58 pm, 26 August 2026: [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2026%2FWarm-glow_giving&amp;diff=2826658&amp;oldid=2826657 Added the template and the title for this page - Title of chapter: Warm-glow giving - Why does giving feel good and how does this influence prosocial behaviour? '''('''Book Chapter, 2026)]
# 11:59 am, 26 August 2026: [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2026%2FPerfectionism_and_procrastination&amp;diff=2826589&amp;oldid=2826579 Fixed spelling error in one of the focus question - Title of chapter:  Perfectionism and procrastination - What is the role of perfectionism in procrastination and what can be done about it? (Book Chapter, 2026)]
# 12:28 pm, 26 August 2026: [[Talk:Motivation and emotion/Book/2026/Motivations for using sex work services#Heading casing|Made a suggestion about overview section - Title of chapter: Motivations for using sex work services: What motivates use of sex work services? (Book Chapter, 2026)]]
# 2:03 pm, 26 August 2026: [https://uclearn.canberra.edu.au/courses/20143/discussion_topics/456558 Provided a couple of sources for the development of breathing exercises and relaxation book chapter (Book Chapter, 2026) (UC Learn)]
#8:10 am, 2 September 2026: [https://uclearn.canberra.edu.au/courses/20143/discussion_topics/458145 Commented on discussion forum about how to use GenAI in the unit and what are the expectations if we use GenAI (UC Learn)]
# 10:14 am , 2 September 2026:[https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2025%2FSelf-control_and_ego_depletion_recovery&amp;diff=2830323&amp;oldid=2761410 Fixed spelling error in book chapter - Title of chapter: Self-control and ego depletion recovery: How do people restore self-control resources after depletion and what factors influence recovery? (Book Chapter, 2025)]
# 10:22 am, 2 September 2026: [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion/Book/2025/Grit_and_academic_achievement&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=2830325 Changed few sentences to make it grammatically better - Title of chapter: Grit and academic achievement  What role does grit play in academic achievement and can it be fostered in future students? (Book Chapter, 2025)]
# 10:48 am, 2 September 2026: [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2025%2FCancer_screening_and_emotion&amp;diff=2830328&amp;oldid=2823381 Rewrote one paragraph in overview section to make it easier to understand - Title of chapter: Cancer screening and emotion: How do emotions such as fear, anxiety, and relief influence cancer screening uptake?(Book Chapter, 2025)]
# 10:54 am, 2 September 2026: [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2025%2FCancer_screening_and_emotion&amp;diff=2830330&amp;oldid=2830328 Added reference to support one claim in overview section - Title of chapter: Cancer screening and emotion:How do emotions such as fear, anxiety, and relief influence cancer screening uptake? (Book Chapter, 2025)]
#12:56 pm, 2 September 2026: [https://uclearn.canberra.edu.au/courses/20143/discussion_topics/455261 Commented on discussion forum about what interests me more in motivation and emotion unit and what I would like to learn (UC Learn)]
#9:17 pm, 3 September 2026: [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2025%2FGrit_and_academic_achievement&amp;diff=2830732&amp;oldid=2830326 Corrected grammar and sentence structure, fixed spelling, removed repetition, and improved wording for clarity and flow - Title of chapter: Grit and academic achievement - What role does grit play in academic achievement and can it be fostered in future students? - (Book Chapter, 2025)]
#9:27 pm, 3 September 2026: [[Talk:Motivation and emotion/Book/2026/Outdoor play and children's emotional well-being|Provided suggestion for wikiversity book chapter page and clarified that the user page should be separate than the book chapter - Title of chapter: Outdoor play and children's emotional well-being - How does outdoor play influence children's emotional well-being? Overview - (Book Chapter, 2025)]]
#8:28 am, 4 September 2026: [https://uclearn.canberra.edu.au/courses/20143/discussion_topics/456345 Commented on discussion forum about what motivates me and what helps me to keep going if I am not feeling motivated (UC Learn)] 
#8:30 am, 7 September 2026: [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2025%2FGrit_and_academic_achievement&amp;diff=2831894&amp;oldid=2830732 Changed few spelling errors, fixed sentence structure and punctuation, shortened some repetitive wording while keeping original ideas - Title of chapter- Grit and academic achievement - What role does grit play in academic achievement and can it be fostered in future students? - (Book Chapter, 2025)]
#8:50 am, 7 September 2026: [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2025%2FCancer_screening_and_emotion&amp;diff=2831919&amp;oldid=2830330 Changed few sentences to make it grammatically correct and to maintain sentence flow - Title of chapter - Cancer screening and emotion: How do emotions such as fear, anxiety, and relief influence cancer screening uptake? - (Book chapter, 2025)]
#8:34 pm, 8 September 2026:[https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2025%2FBoredom_and_substance_use&amp;diff=2832227&amp;oldid=2804069 Changed few sentences to make it grammatically correct and added citations to support few claims - Title of chapter - Boredom and substance use: What role does boredom play in motivating substance use?- (Book chapter, 2025)]
#8:43 pm, 8 September 2026: [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2025%2FBoredom_and_substance_use&amp;diff=2832228&amp;oldid=2832227 Added citations to support claims in overview section - Title of chapter - Boredom and substance use: What role does boredom play in motivating substance use ? (Book chapter, 2025)]
#8:59 pm, 8 September 2026: [https://uclearn.canberra.edu.au/courses/20143/discussion_topics/455064 Commented on UC Learn discussion forum to connect with peers and also shared my Linkedln profile]
#9:19 pm, 8 September 2026: [[Talk:Motivation and emotion/Book/2026/Warm-glow giving|Provided suggestion about overview section on talk page - Title of chapter - Warm-glow giving - Why does giving feel good and how does this influence prosocial behaviour?- (Book chapter, 2026)]]
#9:43 pm, 8 September 2026: [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3AMotivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2026%2FSubcortical_structures_and_motivational_drive#See_also_and_external_links_section Commented on talk page to improve see also, external links,  and conclusion section - Title of chapter - Subcortical structures and motivational drive: How do subcortical brain regions generate basic motivational impulses and energy?- (Book chapter, 2026)]
#3:07 pm , 9 September 2026: [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2022%2FEnvironmental_volunteering_motivation&amp;diff=2832334&amp;oldid=2814930 Corrected few grammatical errors, added citation to few important claims, provided an introductory paragraph in environmental volunteering section, explained few points in detail, added volume number in one of the references - Title of chapter - Environmental volunteering motivation: What motivates environmental volunteering (Book chapter, 2022)]
#3:19 pm, 9 September 2026: [https://uclearn.canberra.edu.au/courses/20143/discussion_topics/457190 Commented on UC Learn about a book chapter question related to value congruence and motivation]
#9:35 pm, 9 September 2026: [[Talk:Motivation and emotion/Book/2026/Alcohol use for emotion regulation|Provided suggestion about book chapter that chapter should include both positive and negative dysregulation - Title of chapter - Alcohol use for emotion regulation : why and how people use alcohol to regulate their emotions? - (Book chapter, 2026)]]
#9:45 pm, 9 September 2026: [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2026%2FAlcohol_use_for_emotion_regulation&amp;diff=2832417&amp;oldid=2830147 Fixed title for this chapter - Title of chapter - Alcohol use for emotion regulation: why and how people use alcohol to regulate their emotions? - (Book chapter, 2026)]
#10:00 am, 11 September 2026: [https://uclearn.canberra.edu.au/courses/20143/discussion_topics/461216 Contributed in discussion forum and answered question about word count (UC Learn)]
#10:40 am, 11 September 2026: [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2024%2FE-cigarette_use_motivation&amp;diff=2832747&amp;oldid=2754142 Used bullet points to organise see also and external link section and included source in parentheses - Title of chapter - E-cigarettes use motivation: What motivates starting and continuing vaping of nicotine e-cigarettes? - (Book chapter, 2024)]
#11:01 am, 11 September 2026: [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2024%2FSleep_and_ego_depletion&amp;diff=2832750&amp;oldid=2741278 Corrected grammar and spelling errors - Title of chapter - Sleep and ego depletion: How does sleep affect the capacity for self-control and willpower? - (Book chapter, 2024)]
#11:14 pm, 11 September 2026: [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2020%2FChild_killer_motivation&amp;diff=2832817&amp;oldid=2721628 Used bullet points to organise see also section and provided few external sources - Title of chapter - Child killer motivation: What motivates a child to kill? (Book chapter, 2020)]
#9:02 pm, 12 September 2026: [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2022%2FBurnout&amp;diff=2832924&amp;oldid=2666399 Fixed overcapitalisation in focus questions, moved one reference into references section and fixed see also section - Title of chapter - Burnout: What is burnout and how can be it managed and prevented - (Book chapter, 2022)]
#9:37 pm, 12 September 2026: [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2022%2FTo-do_lists&amp;diff=2832933&amp;oldid=2655448 Corrected grammar and spelling errors - Title of chapter -To-do lists: Are to-do lists a good idea? What are their pros and cons? How can they be used effectively? - (Book chapter, 2022)]
#8:17 pm, 14 September 2026: [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2024%2FAbusive_relationships_and_emotional_dependency&amp;diff=2833144&amp;oldid=2723675 Rewrote sentence to make it more clear to understand - Title of chapter - Abusive relationships and emotional dependency: What psychological mechanisms drive emotional dependency and how does it perpetuate abusive relationships?(Book chapter, 2024)]
#8:34 pm, 14 September 2026: [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2024%2FDopamine_fasting&amp;diff=2833148&amp;oldid=2716222 Rewrote few sentences to make it grammatically correct- Title of chapter -Dopamine fasting: What is dopamine fasting and how does it affect motivation and emotion?- (Book chapter, 2024)]
#8:41 pm, 14 September 2026: [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2018%2FBody_image_and_emotional_well-being&amp;diff=2833150&amp;oldid=2596066 Improved see also section - Title of chapter - Body image and emotional well-being: How does body image influence one's emotional well being?- (Book chapter, 2018)]
#8:47 pm, 14 September 2026: [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2021%2FClimate_change_helplessness&amp;diff=2833152&amp;oldid=2596067 Corrected few spellings and external links section - Title of chapter -Climate change helplessness: How does learned helplessness impact motivation to engage in behaviours to limit climate change?(Book chapter, 2021)]
#9:05 pm, 14 September 2026: [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2021%2FDental_fear&amp;diff=2833154&amp;oldid=2649741 Corrected grammatical errors - Title of chapter -Dental fear: What causes dental fear, what are the consequences, and how can it be managed? - (Book chapter, 2021)]
#7:01 pm, 15 September 2026: [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2026%2FPsychedelic_treatment_of_eating_disorders&amp;diff=2833299&amp;oldid=2832896 Corrected 2 spelling mistake - Tiltle of chapter- Psychedelic treatment of eating disorders:] [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2026%2FPsychedelic_treatment_of_eating_disorders&amp;diff=2833299&amp;oldid=2832896 How might psychedelic-assisted therapy influence psychological mechanisms involved in eating disorders? - (Book chapter, 2026)] 
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      <text bytes="14056" sha1="grtlzvceph3i5cmndxttj4r60whz6wx" xml:space="preserve">== About me ==
Hello Everyone,

I am currently a 3rd year psychology student at [https://www.google.com/search?client=safari&amp;rls=en&amp;q=University+of+canberra&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;oe=UTF-8 University of Canberra] This semester I am studying [[Motivation and emotion|Motivation and Emotion]] unit.

My Linkedln profile:  https://www.linkedin.com/in/palak-kathiriya-6b7048289/

== Hobbies ==

* Dancing
* Hiking
* Travelling to different countries 
* Painting 
* Cycling 
* Nature exploration
** Birdwatching
** Gardening 

== Book Chapter I'm working on ==
I am working on a really interesting topic for my book chapter. My chapter title is: Positive emotion dysregulation: What is positive emotion dysregulation and how does it affect psychological functioning? 

Link for my book chapter: [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2026/Positive emotion dysregulation|Positive emotion dysregulation]] 

== Social contributions ==
All times are in Canberra local time (AEST/AEDT)
# 12:58 pm, 26 August 2026: [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2026%2FWarm-glow_giving&amp;diff=2826658&amp;oldid=2826657 Added the template and the title for this page - Title of chapter: Warm-glow giving - Why does giving feel good and how does this influence prosocial behaviour? '''('''Book Chapter, 2026)]
# 11:59 am, 26 August 2026: [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2026%2FPerfectionism_and_procrastination&amp;diff=2826589&amp;oldid=2826579 Fixed spelling error in one of the focus question - Title of chapter:  Perfectionism and procrastination - What is the role of perfectionism in procrastination and what can be done about it? (Book Chapter, 2026)]
# 12:28 pm, 26 August 2026: [[Talk:Motivation and emotion/Book/2026/Motivations for using sex work services#Heading casing|Made a suggestion about overview section - Title of chapter: Motivations for using sex work services: What motivates use of sex work services? (Book Chapter, 2026)]]
# 2:03 pm, 26 August 2026: [https://uclearn.canberra.edu.au/courses/20143/discussion_topics/456558 Provided a couple of sources for the development of breathing exercises and relaxation book chapter (Book Chapter, 2026) (UC Learn)]
#8:10 am, 2 September 2026: [https://uclearn.canberra.edu.au/courses/20143/discussion_topics/458145 Commented on discussion forum about how to use GenAI in the unit and what are the expectations if we use GenAI (UC Learn)]
# 10:14 am , 2 September 2026:[https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2025%2FSelf-control_and_ego_depletion_recovery&amp;diff=2830323&amp;oldid=2761410 Fixed spelling error in book chapter - Title of chapter: Self-control and ego depletion recovery: How do people restore self-control resources after depletion and what factors influence recovery? (Book Chapter, 2025)]
# 10:22 am, 2 September 2026: [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion/Book/2025/Grit_and_academic_achievement&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=2830325 Changed few sentences to make it grammatically better - Title of chapter: Grit and academic achievement  What role does grit play in academic achievement and can it be fostered in future students? (Book Chapter, 2025)]
# 10:48 am, 2 September 2026: [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2025%2FCancer_screening_and_emotion&amp;diff=2830328&amp;oldid=2823381 Rewrote one paragraph in overview section to make it easier to understand - Title of chapter: Cancer screening and emotion: How do emotions such as fear, anxiety, and relief influence cancer screening uptake?(Book Chapter, 2025)]
# 10:54 am, 2 September 2026: [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2025%2FCancer_screening_and_emotion&amp;diff=2830330&amp;oldid=2830328 Added reference to support one claim in overview section - Title of chapter: Cancer screening and emotion:How do emotions such as fear, anxiety, and relief influence cancer screening uptake? (Book Chapter, 2025)]
#12:56 pm, 2 September 2026: [https://uclearn.canberra.edu.au/courses/20143/discussion_topics/455261 Commented on discussion forum about what interests me more in motivation and emotion unit and what I would like to learn (UC Learn)]
#9:17 pm, 3 September 2026: [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2025%2FGrit_and_academic_achievement&amp;diff=2830732&amp;oldid=2830326 Corrected grammar and sentence structure, fixed spelling, removed repetition, and improved wording for clarity and flow - Title of chapter: Grit and academic achievement - What role does grit play in academic achievement and can it be fostered in future students? - (Book Chapter, 2025)]
#9:27 pm, 3 September 2026: [[Talk:Motivation and emotion/Book/2026/Outdoor play and children's emotional well-being|Provided suggestion for wikiversity book chapter page and clarified that the user page should be separate than the book chapter - Title of chapter: Outdoor play and children's emotional well-being - How does outdoor play influence children's emotional well-being? Overview - (Book Chapter, 2025)]]
#8:28 am, 4 September 2026: [https://uclearn.canberra.edu.au/courses/20143/discussion_topics/456345 Commented on discussion forum about what motivates me and what helps me to keep going if I am not feeling motivated (UC Learn)] 
#8:30 am, 7 September 2026: [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2025%2FGrit_and_academic_achievement&amp;diff=2831894&amp;oldid=2830732 Changed few spelling errors, fixed sentence structure and punctuation, shortened some repetitive wording while keeping original ideas - Title of chapter- Grit and academic achievement - What role does grit play in academic achievement and can it be fostered in future students? - (Book Chapter, 2025)]
#8:50 am, 7 September 2026: [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2025%2FCancer_screening_and_emotion&amp;diff=2831919&amp;oldid=2830330 Changed few sentences to make it grammatically correct and to maintain sentence flow - Title of chapter - Cancer screening and emotion: How do emotions such as fear, anxiety, and relief influence cancer screening uptake? - (Book chapter, 2025)]
#8:34 pm, 8 September 2026:[https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2025%2FBoredom_and_substance_use&amp;diff=2832227&amp;oldid=2804069 Changed few sentences to make it grammatically correct and added citations to support few claims - Title of chapter - Boredom and substance use: What role does boredom play in motivating substance use?- (Book chapter, 2025)]
#8:43 pm, 8 September 2026: [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2025%2FBoredom_and_substance_use&amp;diff=2832228&amp;oldid=2832227 Added citations to support claims in overview section - Title of chapter - Boredom and substance use: What role does boredom play in motivating substance use ? (Book chapter, 2025)]
#8:59 pm, 8 September 2026: [https://uclearn.canberra.edu.au/courses/20143/discussion_topics/455064 Commented on UC Learn discussion forum to connect with peers and also shared my Linkedln profile]
#9:19 pm, 8 September 2026: [[Talk:Motivation and emotion/Book/2026/Warm-glow giving|Provided suggestion about overview section on talk page - Title of chapter - Warm-glow giving - Why does giving feel good and how does this influence prosocial behaviour?- (Book chapter, 2026)]]
#9:43 pm, 8 September 2026: [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3AMotivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2026%2FSubcortical_structures_and_motivational_drive#See_also_and_external_links_section Commented on talk page to improve see also, external links,  and conclusion section - Title of chapter - Subcortical structures and motivational drive: How do subcortical brain regions generate basic motivational impulses and energy?- (Book chapter, 2026)]
#3:07 pm , 9 September 2026: [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2022%2FEnvironmental_volunteering_motivation&amp;diff=2832334&amp;oldid=2814930 Corrected few grammatical errors, added citation to few important claims, provided an introductory paragraph in environmental volunteering section, explained few points in detail, added volume number in one of the references - Title of chapter - Environmental volunteering motivation: What motivates environmental volunteering (Book chapter, 2022)]
#3:19 pm, 9 September 2026: [https://uclearn.canberra.edu.au/courses/20143/discussion_topics/457190 Commented on UC Learn about a book chapter question related to value congruence and motivation]
#9:35 pm, 9 September 2026: [[Talk:Motivation and emotion/Book/2026/Alcohol use for emotion regulation|Provided suggestion about book chapter that chapter should include both positive and negative dysregulation - Title of chapter - Alcohol use for emotion regulation : why and how people use alcohol to regulate their emotions? - (Book chapter, 2026)]]
#9:45 pm, 9 September 2026: [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2026%2FAlcohol_use_for_emotion_regulation&amp;diff=2832417&amp;oldid=2830147 Fixed title for this chapter - Title of chapter - Alcohol use for emotion regulation: why and how people use alcohol to regulate their emotions? - (Book chapter, 2026)]
#10:00 am, 11 September 2026: [https://uclearn.canberra.edu.au/courses/20143/discussion_topics/461216 Contributed in discussion forum and answered question about word count (UC Learn)]
#10:40 am, 11 September 2026: [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2024%2FE-cigarette_use_motivation&amp;diff=2832747&amp;oldid=2754142 Used bullet points to organise see also and external link section and included source in parentheses - Title of chapter - E-cigarettes use motivation: What motivates starting and continuing vaping of nicotine e-cigarettes? - (Book chapter, 2024)]
#11:01 am, 11 September 2026: [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2024%2FSleep_and_ego_depletion&amp;diff=2832750&amp;oldid=2741278 Corrected grammar and spelling errors - Title of chapter - Sleep and ego depletion: How does sleep affect the capacity for self-control and willpower? - (Book chapter, 2024)]
#11:14 pm, 11 September 2026: [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2020%2FChild_killer_motivation&amp;diff=2832817&amp;oldid=2721628 Used bullet points to organise see also section and provided few external sources - Title of chapter - Child killer motivation: What motivates a child to kill? (Book chapter, 2020)]
#9:02 pm, 12 September 2026: [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2022%2FBurnout&amp;diff=2832924&amp;oldid=2666399 Fixed overcapitalisation in focus questions, moved one reference into references section and fixed see also section - Title of chapter - Burnout: What is burnout and how can be it managed and prevented - (Book chapter, 2022)]
#9:37 pm, 12 September 2026: [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2022%2FTo-do_lists&amp;diff=2832933&amp;oldid=2655448 Corrected grammar and spelling errors - Title of chapter -To-do lists: Are to-do lists a good idea? What are their pros and cons? How can they be used effectively? - (Book chapter, 2022)]
#8:17 pm, 14 September 2026: [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2024%2FAbusive_relationships_and_emotional_dependency&amp;diff=2833144&amp;oldid=2723675 Rewrote sentence to make it more clear to understand - Title of chapter - Abusive relationships and emotional dependency: What psychological mechanisms drive emotional dependency and how does it perpetuate abusive relationships?(Book chapter, 2024)]
#8:34 pm, 14 September 2026: [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2024%2FDopamine_fasting&amp;diff=2833148&amp;oldid=2716222 Rewrote few sentences to make it grammatically correct- Title of chapter -Dopamine fasting: What is dopamine fasting and how does it affect motivation and emotion?- (Book chapter, 2024)]
#8:41 pm, 14 September 2026: [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2018%2FBody_image_and_emotional_well-being&amp;diff=2833150&amp;oldid=2596066 Improved see also section - Title of chapter - Body image and emotional well-being: How does body image influence one's emotional well being?- (Book chapter, 2018)]
#8:47 pm, 14 September 2026: [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2021%2FClimate_change_helplessness&amp;diff=2833152&amp;oldid=2596067 Corrected few spellings and external links section - Title of chapter -Climate change helplessness: How does learned helplessness impact motivation to engage in behaviours to limit climate change?(Book chapter, 2021)]
#9:05 pm, 14 September 2026: [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2021%2FDental_fear&amp;diff=2833154&amp;oldid=2649741 Corrected grammatical errors - Title of chapter -Dental fear: What causes dental fear, what are the consequences, and how can it be managed? - (Book chapter, 2021)]
#7:01 pm, 15 September 2026: [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2026%2FPsychedelic_treatment_of_eating_disorders&amp;diff=2833299&amp;oldid=2832896 Corrected 2 spelling mistake - Tiltle of chapter- Psychedelic treatment of eating disorders:] [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2026%2FPsychedelic_treatment_of_eating_disorders&amp;diff=2833299&amp;oldid=2832896 How might psychedelic-assisted therapy influence psychological mechanisms involved in eating disorders? - (Book chapter, 2026)] 
#7:14 pm, 15 September 2026: [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2026%2FWisdom%2C_motivation%2C_and_emotion&amp;diff=2833301&amp;oldid=2831617 Corrected spelling error - Title of chapter - Wisdom, motivation, and emotion: How do motivational and emotional processes contribute to wisdom? - (Book chapter, 2026)]</text>
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    <title>Motivation and emotion/Book/2026/Competence motivation in self-determination theory</title>
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__TOC__

==Overview==

{{RoundBoxTop|theme=3}}
[[File:Thought bubble.svg|right|140px|thumb|'''Figure 1'''. Uncertainty and self-doubt can arise when tackling an unfamiliar, complex task without clear guidance or feedback.]]

'''Scenario'''  

Imagine this you've just been assigned a project to review and reorganise over 500 folders across your team's records management system, with no real guidance on where to start or what the finished result should look like. At first, it seems manageable, maybe just one small sub-section of the files, so you jump in and start asking colleagues which folders they'd like kept. But as weeks pass, the project keeps revealing new layers of complexity you hadn't anticipated. You find yourself unsure whether you're organising things the &quot;right&quot; way, second-guessing decisions you've already made, and increasingly doubting your own ability to manage a task this size (see Figure 1). Is the project simply harder than expected, or is something else going on?
{{RoundBoxBottom}}

People are not motivated equally by the same environment. According to [[w:Self-determination theory|self-determination theory]] (SDT), the need for '''competence''', feeling effective and capable, is one of three basic psychological needs, alongside autonomy and relatedness (Ryan &amp; Deci, 2017). When competence is supported through optimal challenge and structured feedback, intrinsic motivation and wellbeing increase; when it is frustrated, motivation, performance, and wellbeing decline (Vansteenkiste et al., 2020). Understanding competence need satisfaction has direct, practical value in workplaces, education, and training design, because it explains why some environments motivate people and others quietly cause disengagement.
 
{{RoundBoxTop|theme=3}}
'''Focus questions'''

* What is competence, according to self-determination theory?
* What is intrinsic motivation, and how does competence relate to it?
* What is cognitive evaluation theory, and how does it explain the impact of competence on intrinsic motivation?
* What factors support or undermine intrinsic motivation through their impact on competence?
{{RoundBoxBottom}}

==Self-determination theory and competence==
This section introduces self-determination theory as a whole, then narrows in on where competence specifically fits within it.

===What is self-determination theory?===
Self-determination theory is a broad theory of human motivation built on three innate psychological needs: autonomy, competence, and relatedness (Deci &amp; Ryan, 1985; Ryan &amp; Deci, 2017). Competence shares some conceptual ground with [[w:Maslow's hierarchy of needs|Maslow's hierarchy of needs]], particularly his esteem needs, though unlike Maslow's sequential hierarchy, SDT treats competence as continuously essential alongside autonomy and relatedness, rather than emerging only once lower needs are met (Ryan &amp; Deci, 2017).

===What is competence within self-determination theory?===
Competence sits within Basic Psychological Needs Theory, one of SDT's mini-theories (Vansteenkiste et al., 2020). It specifically refers to the need to feel effective and capable of producing desired outcomes, rather than the mere possession of a skill. Optimal challenge and structured feedback support competence, while feedback that is absent, harsh, or overly controlling frustrates it (Ryan &amp; Deci, 2000). Competence differs from generic self-esteem or confidence, as it is tied to specific, situated experiences of mastery rather than a global self-view.

==Competence and intrinsic motivation==
Beyond simply being a need, competence plays a direct role in shaping the quality of a person's motivation, particularly whether it is intrinsic.

== Add research on Amotivation and extrinsic motivation here==
{{ic|Include at least an introductory paragraph before branching into sub-headings}}

===What is intrinsic motivation, and how does competence relate to it?===
Self-determination theory describes a continuum from controlled motivation, acting because of external pressure, to autonomous motivation, acting because an activity feels genuinely valued or enjoyable (Ryan &amp; Deci, 2017). Competence satisfaction pushes people toward the autonomous end of this continuum, as feeling capable makes an activity feel more self-endorsed rather than merely obligatory. Intrinsically motivated behaviour is, by definition, behaviour engaged in for its own sake, and competence is one of the key needs that sustains it (Deci &amp; Ryan, 1985).

===What is cognitive evaluation theory, and how does it explain the impact of competence on intrinsic motivation?===
Cognitive Evaluation Theory, a mini-theory within SDT, proposes that competence-supportive feedback fuels intrinsic motivation only when it is paired with a sense of autonomy (Ryan &amp; Deci, 2000). 

A meta-analysis by Fong and colleagues (2019) found that negative feedback undermines intrinsic motivation more than neutral or no feedback at all, demonstrating how the framing of feedback specifically affects perceived competence.

==Applying competence in practice==
Research in applied settings shows competence satisfaction has measurable consequences beyond the laboratory, and this evidence points toward concrete design changes.

===Empirical evidence in applied settings===
* Baard, Deci, and Ryan (2004) found that employees' satisfaction of autonomy, competence, and relatedness in the workplace predicted both performance and wellbeing.
* Taris, van Beek, and Schaufeli (2020) linked need satisfaction, including competence, to healthier patterns of work engagement over workaholism in a longitudinal study.
* Together, these findings suggest competence satisfaction is not just theoretically important but measurably consequential in real workplace outcomes.

===Applying competence-supportive design===
* Structuring feedback to be specific and frequent, calibrating task challenge to a person's current skill level, and building visible progress markers into training or teaching design are concrete ways to support competence satisfaction (Ryan &amp; Deci, 2000; Vansteenkiste et al., 2020).
* Returning to the opening scenario, regular check-ins with a manager or clearer upfront guidance could have restored a sense of competence earlier, rather than leaving it to develop through trial and error.
* This has practical relevance for managers designing onboarding, teachers structuring assessment, and coaches structuring skill progression.

;Quiz

Choose your answer and click &quot;Submit&quot;:
&lt;quiz display=simple&gt;
{Which of the following best supports the psychological need for competence?
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
- Vague, infrequent feedback
- No feedback at all
+ Structured feedback paired with achievable challenge
- Constant praise regardless of performance
&lt;/quiz&gt;

- add a question on how environments change motivation... e.g work and school

==Conclusion==
Competence is a distinct, well-evidenced psychological need central to self-determination theory. Its satisfaction, or frustration, has measurable effects on motivation, performance, and wellbeing across educational, workplace, and everyday settings. Practical design choices, particularly around feedback and challenge calibration, can meaningfully support this need and improve people's motivational lives.

{{anchor|Tables}}
;Tables
* Use tables to organise and summarise information
* Cite each table at least once in the main text (e.g., see Table 1)
* Tables should be captioned
* [[Motivation and emotion/Wikiversity/Tables|More example tables]] which can be adapted

'''Table 1''' 

A Descriptive Caption Explains The Table Contents and its Relevance to the Text e.g., 

The 2 x 2 Johari Window Model Showing the Relationship Between Known/Unknown and Self/Other

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin: auto;
|-
! !! Known to self !! Not known to self
|-
| '''Known to others''' || Open area || Blind spot
|-
| '''Not known to others''' || Hidden area || Unknown
|}

;Quizzes
* One or two quiz questions for each main section is better than a long quiz at the end
* Quiz ''conceptual'' understanding, rather than trivia. Ask about important information such as the take-home messages
* Ask easy rather than hard questions
* Different types of quiz questions are possible; see [[Help:Quiz|Quiz]]

Example simple quiz questions. Choose your answers and click &quot;Submit&quot;:
&lt;quiz display=simple&gt;
{The purpose of quizzes is to provide an interactive learning feature:
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
+ True
- False

{Long and complex quiz questions are recommended:
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
- True
+ False
&lt;/quiz&gt;

==Conclusion==
* Arguably the most important section
* Provide at least three bullet-points for this section even at the topic development stage, based on preliminary thinking
* For the book chapter, develop clear take-home message(s) that address the focus questions based on psychological theory and research
* Together, the [[#Overview|Overview]] and Conclusion should summarise the problem, its significance, and how psychological science contributes to understanding and addressing this problem

== See also ==
{{expand}}

==References==
Put into alphabetical order

{{Hanging indent|1=

Vansteenkiste, M., Ryan, R. M., &amp; Soenens, B. (2020). Basic psychological need theory: Advancements, critical themes, and future directions. Motivation and Emotion, 44(1), 1–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-019-09818-1

Deci, E. L., &amp; Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior (1st ed.). Springer New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2271-7

Ryan, R. M., &amp; Deci, E. L. (2017). Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness (pp. xii, 756). The Guilford Press. https://doi.org/10.1521/978.14625/28806

Baard, P. P., Deci, E. L., &amp; Ryan, R. M. (2004). Intrinsic Need Satisfaction: A Motivational Basis of Performance and Well-Being in Two Work Settings. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 34(10), 2045–2068. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2004.tb02690.

Fong, C. J., Patall, E. A., Vasquez, A. C., &amp; Stautberg, S. (2019). A Meta-Analysis of Negative Feedback on Intrinsic Motivation. Educational Psychology Review, 31(1), 121–162. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-018-9446-6

Ryan, R. M., &amp; Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-Determination Theory and the Facilitation of Intrinsic Motivation, Social Development, and Well-Being. The American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68

Taris, T. W., van Beek, I., &amp; Schaufeli, W. B. (2020). The Motivational Make-Up of Workaholism and Work Engagement: A Longitudinal Study on Need Satisfaction, Motivation, and Heavy Work Investment. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1419. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01419

}}

==External links==
{{ic|Use bullet points as shown in [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]]}}

https://open.ncl.ac.uk/theories/20/self-determination-theory/

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    <title>Motivation and emotion/Book/2026/Creative inspiration and effort</title>
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      <comment>Copyediting</comment>
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      <text bytes="11027" sha1="4be41y85mvbk0c6w0o99ad2idcmgzkr" xml:space="preserve">{{title|Creative inspiration and effort:&lt;br&gt;How do inspiration and effort interact during the creative process?}}
__TOC__

== Overview ==
{{RoundBoxTop|theme=15}}

[[File:Artist painting at home. Colorful ballerina.jpg|thumb|'''Figure 1'''. An artist transforming creative inspiration into action through sustained effort.]]

;Image this...

Imagine you have been staring at a blank page for hours, trying to come up with an original idea for a creative project. Just when you decide to take a break, an idea suddenly comes to you. You feel excited and inspired, and you immediately start working. At first, everything seems to flow naturally and you feel confident about what you are creating.

As you continue, however, the excitement begins to fade. The idea is harder to develop than you expected, and finishing the project requires concentration, persistence, and several changes along the way. Even without the same initial feeling of inspiration, you keep working and experimenting with different possibilities.

While doing this, you unexpectedly discover new ideas that make the project even better than you first imagined. This raises an interesting question: Does inspiration drive us to put effort into creative work, or can the effort we put into creating also lead to new inspiration?

{{RoundBoxBottom}}

* '''Creative inspiration can give people new ideas and motivate them to start creating.''' It can also help people see new possibilities and feel more interested in developing an idea.
* '''Inspiration alone may not be enough to produce a creative outcome.''' Turning an initial idea into something meaningful often requires effort, persistence, problem-solving, and making changes along the way.
* '''Inspiration and effort may work together during the creative process.''' Inspiration can encourage someone to put more effort into their work, while continuing to work on an idea may also lead to new ideas and further inspiration.
* '''Understanding the relationship between inspiration and effort can help explain how creativity develops.''' It can show how an initial moment of inspiration may eventually become a completed creative outcome through continued effort.

{{RoundBoxTop|theme=15}}

'''Focus questions''' 

* What is creative inspiration and what role does it play in the creative process?
* What role does effort play in developing creative ideas?
* How does inspiration influence effort during the creative process?
* How can effort lead to further inspiration during the creative process?
* How do inspiration and effort work together to produce creative outcomes?

{{RoundBoxBottom}}

== Creative inspiration ==
* Creative inspiration is a motivational state that encourages people to turn ideas into action. It can motivate people to develop or express new possibilities (Oleynick et al., 2014).
* Inspiration involves three main characteristics: evocation, transcendence, and approach motivation. Together, these describe how inspiration is triggered, creates new possibilities, and motivates action (Thrash &amp; Elliot, 2003).
* Inspiration can involve being “inspired by” something and then “inspired to” act. This can help turn an inspiring idea or experience into creative activity (Oleynick et al., 2014).
* Creative ideas and inspiration are related but different. Creative ideas can come first and then produce inspiration that motivates people to develop those ideas (Thrash et al., 2010).

* Inspiration can help transform initial ideas into creative outcomes. Research found that inspiration helped carry the creativity of an initial idea into the finished product (Thrash et al., 2010).

== Effort in the creative process ==

* Effort helps develop and improve creative ideas. Turning an initial idea into a finished product often requires persistence, problem-solving, revision, and continued work (Lucas &amp; Nordgren, 2015).
* Inspiration and effort can contribute differently to creative work. Inspiration predicted creativity, while effort predicted the technical quality of creative products (Thrash et al., 2010).
* Effort can support the refinement of creative ideas. Creative work often involves deliberate thinking, making changes, and revising ideas as they develop (Oleynick et al., 2014).
* Persistence can improve creative performance. People often underestimate the value of continuing with a creative task, even though persistence can lead to more creative ideas (Lucas &amp; Nordgren, 2015).

* Effort and inspiration are not necessarily opposites. They can occur together and contribute in different ways throughout the creative process (Oleynick et al., 2014).

== From inspiration to effort ==

* Inspiration can motivate people to act on creative ideas. Feeling inspired can encourage a person to move beyond having an idea and begin developing it (Oleynick et al., 2014). 
* Inspiration and effort are not opposites. Research suggests that people can experience inspiration while also putting substantial effort into their creative work (Thrash et al., 2010).
* Higher inspiration can be associated with greater effort. Writers who felt more inspired also tended to report putting more effort into their writing (Thrash et al., 2010).
* Inspiration may help connect an initial idea with the motivation needed to develop it. The process can move from being “inspired by” an idea to being “inspired to” act on it (Oleynick et al., 2014).

* Inspiration and effort can therefore complement each other during creativity. Research suggests that both can contribute to creative work, although they may contribute in different ways (Oleynick et al., 2014).

== Interaction between inspiration and effort ==

* Inspiration and effort can work together during creative work. Research shows a positive relationship between inspiration and effort rather than the two being opposites (Thrash et al., 2010).
* Inspiration and effort can contribute in different ways. Inspiration has been associated with greater creativity, while effort has been linked more strongly with the technical quality of creative work (Thrash et al., 2010).
* Inspiration can help generate and express creative possibilities, while effort helps develop and refine them. Both can therefore contribute to the creative process in different ways (Oleynick et al., 2014).
* Creative work can involve both spontaneous and deliberate processes. Inspiration may provide motivation and direction, while sustained effort helps turn ideas into completed creative work (Oleynick et al., 2014). 

== Supporting inspiration and sustained creative effort ==

* [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2024/Intrinsic motivation and creativity|Intrinsic motivation]] is positively related to creativity. People with greater intrinsic motivation tend to produce more creative outcomes (Jesus et al., 2013).
* A supportive environment can help creative motivation. Having autonomy, encouragement, and opportunities to explore ideas can make it easier for people to engage in creative work (Amabile &amp; Pratt, 2016).
* Persistence can help when inspiration begins to fade. Continuing to work on a difficult creative task can lead to more creative ideas than people often expect (Lucas &amp; Nordgren, 2015).
* Taking breaks may also support creative thinking. Research suggests that stepping away from a problem for a period of time can sometimes improve later creative performance (Sio &amp; Ormerod, 2009). 

* Supporting creativity may therefore involve both encouraging inspiration and maintaining effort. Creative outcomes can benefit from conditions that support motivation, persistence, and continued development of ideas (Amabile &amp; Pratt, 2016).

== Conclusion ==

* Inspiration and effort both contribute to creativity, but they play different roles throughout the creative process.
* Inspiration can provide ideas and motivation, while effort helps develop, improve, and complete those ideas.
* Effort can keep the creative process moving when inspiration fades, through persistence, revision, and problem-solving.
* Overall, inspiration and effort work together, helping transform initial ideas into developed creative outcomes.

== See also ==
{{ic|Use bullet points as shown in [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]]}}

[[w:Creativity|Creativity]] (Wikipedia) 

[[w:Motivation|Motivation]] (Wikipedia)  

[[Motivation and emotion/Book/2014/Creativity and emotion|Creativity and emotion]] (Book Chapter, 2014)

[[Motivation and emotion/Book/2016/Artistic creation motivation|Artistic creation motivation]] (Book Chapter,2016)  

== References ==
{{Hanging indent|1=

Amabile, T. M., &amp; Pratt, M. G. (2016). The dynamic componential model of creativity and innovation in organizations: Making progress, making meaning. Research in Organizational Behavior, 36, 157–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riob.2016.10.001

Jesus, S. N., Rus, C. L., Lens, W., &amp; Imaginário, S. (2013). Intrinsic motivation and creativity related to product: A meta-analysis of the studies published between 1990–2010. Creativity Research Journal, 25(1), 80–84. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2013.752235

Lucas, B. J., &amp; Nordgren, L. F. (2015). People underestimate the value of persistence for creative performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 109(2), 232–243. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspa0000030

Oleynick, V. C., Thrash, T. M., LeFew, M. C., Moldovan, E. G., &amp; Kieffaber, P. D. (2014). The scientific study of inspiration in the creative process: Challenges and opportunities. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8, Article 436. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00436

Sio, U. N., &amp; Ormerod, T. C. (2009). Does incubation enhance problem solving? A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 135(1), 94–120. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014212

Thrash, T. M., &amp; Elliot, A. J. (2003). Inspiration as a psychological construct. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(4), 871–889. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.871

Thrash, T. M., Maruskin, L. A., Cassidy, S. E., Fryer, J. W., &amp; Ryan, R. M. (2010). Mediating between the muse and the masses: Inspiration and the actualization of creative ideas. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 98(3), 469–487. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017907

}}

== External Links ==

{{ic|Use bullet points as shown in [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]]}}

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lSaNEcNprzw The Art of Creative Inspiration]  (Youtube video)

[https://www.apa.org/monitor/2022/04/cover-science-creativity The Science behind creativity] ( American Psychological Association) 

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AzJcNwDeS2c Inspiration: Find it, Use it, Share it] ( Youtube video)

[https://www.psychologytoday.com/au/blog/explorations-of-the-mind/202309/creativity-and-inspiration-thinking-outside-the-box Creativity and inspiration]  (Psychology today)

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    <title>Talk:Motivation and emotion/Book/2026/Dreams and emotional problem-solving</title>
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      <id>2833217</id>
      <parentid>2824994</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-14T22:03:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Topic development feedback</comment>
      <origin>2833217</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4905" sha1="h9fu62m34i1a7bqf7zrb987wa1adkmw" xml:space="preserve">==Section numbering==
{{ping|U3270398}} FYI, there's no need for section numbering. Just use descriptive headings and sub-headings which will create sections and an automated table of contents. Sincerely, James -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 04:20, 24 August 2026 (UTC)

&lt;!-- Official topic development feedback --&gt;
{{METF/2026
|1=
&lt;!-- Title --&gt;
# Title and subtitle are correctly worded and use [[w:Letter case#Sentence casing|sentence casing]]
|2=
&lt;!-- Headings --&gt;
&lt;!-- Heading structure --&gt;
&lt;!-- 2-level --&gt;
# Excellent – Well developed [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|2-level heading structure]]. Meaningful headings clearly relate directly to the core topic.
&lt;!-- Alignment with focus questions --&gt;
# Good alignment between sub-title, focus questions, and heading structure, but there is room for improvement
# Consider using the focus questions as top-level headings to help ensure alignment
|3=
&lt;!-- Overview--&gt;
# Very good
&lt;!-- Scenario --&gt;
# Promising scenario; would benefit from further development to make it more illustrative of the potential benefits of dreams
# I made the image smaller to better fit into the feature box
&lt;!-- Description --&gt;
# A clear description of the problem/topic is planned or presented
&lt;!-- Focus questions --&gt;
&lt;!-- Alignment and quality --&gt;
# Develop closer alignment between the sub-title, focus questions, and top-level headings
# Use open- rather then close-ended focus questions
|4=
&lt;!-- Key points--&gt;
&lt;!-- Overall --&gt;
# Excellent – key points are well developed for each section
&lt;!-- Scope --&gt;
# All planned aspects cannot reasonably be covered within the book chapter word count, so be selective and concentrate on the most important aspects which address the question in the sub-title
# ''Avoid providing too much background information''. Aim to briefly summarise general concepts and provide internal links to relevant book chapters and/or Wikipedia pages for further information. Focus most of the chapter on ''directly answering the core question(s)'' posed by the chapter sub-title.
&lt;!-- Writing style --&gt;
# The writing style is clear and easy to follow
&lt;!-- Theory and research --&gt;
# Promising integration the best psychological theory and research about this topic
# The focus on nightmares may be a side-quest and can probably be minimised (e.g., link to [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Nightmares and emotion|nightmares and emotion]] for more info)
# Include practical examples
&lt;!-- Citations --&gt;
# Excellent use of citations
&lt;!-- Conclusion --&gt;
# Conclusion is well developed, but may be overly detailed
# What are the practical, take-home messages? (address the focus questions)
|5=
&lt;!-- Figure --&gt;
# Excellent - Relevant figure(s) presented, captioned, and cited
&lt;!-- Caption --&gt;
# Figure caption(s) provide(s) a reasonably clear description that is connected with the main text
# Connect Figure 1 caption to the opening scenario and cite the figure from within the scenario
|6=
&lt;!-- Learning feature --&gt;
&lt;!-- Interwiki links ---&gt;
# Excellent in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] for first mention of key terms to [[w:|Wikipedia]] and/or [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]]
&lt;!-- Scenarios/examples/case studies --&gt;
# Placeholder use of scenarios/examples/case studies
&lt;!-- Quiz --&gt;
# Promising use of quiz question(s)
# Place each quiz question in the most relevant section
# Focus the quiz question(s) on the take-home messages
&lt;!-- Tables --&gt;
# Excellent use of [[Motivation and emotion/Wikiversity/Tables|table(s)]]
# Include acknowledgement (e.g., citation(s)) for sources of information presented in the table
|7=
&lt;!-- References --&gt;
&lt;!-- Overall --&gt;
# Excellent
# Be prepared to be selective about only including the most relevant citations to fit within the maximum word count
&lt;!-- Systematic reviews --&gt;
# Well done on identifying relevant systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses
|8=
&lt;!-- Resources --&gt;
&lt;!-- See also --&gt;
# See also
## Excellent
&lt;!-- External links --&gt;
# External links
## Excellent
|9=
&lt;!-- User page --&gt;
# Excellent
&lt;!-- Description about self --&gt;
# Excellent description about self provided consider expanding
# Add description about self
&lt;!-- Links to profile(s) --&gt;
# Consider linking to your [https://portfolio.canberra.edu.au/ eportfolio] page and/or any other professional online profile or resume such as [https://www.linkedin.com/ LinkedIn]. This is not required, but it can be useful to interlink your professional networks.
&lt;!-- Link to book chapter --&gt;
# A link to the book chapter is provided
|10=
&lt;!-- Social contribution --&gt;
# Excellent – at least three different types of contributions with direct link(s) to evidence
}}
-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 22:03, 14 September 2026 (UTC)</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Talk:Motivation and emotion/Book/2026/Dark empathy</title>
    <ns>1</ns>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-14T21:28:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Topic development feedback</comment>
      <origin>2833212</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6798" sha1="tuhp74hgooswa74feb9d3oqm6mbny9g" xml:space="preserve">== Reference ==

Hi, This should be a pretty interesting chapter. I was going to add this link (not a journal article) directly to your external link section, but thought I'd leave it here just in case. Good luck with the page.  https://www.wikihow.com/Dark-Empath [[User:StretchBeyond|StretchBeyond]] ([[User talk:StretchBeyond|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/StretchBeyond|contribs]]) 08:31, 26 August 2026 (UTC)

&lt;!-- Official topic development feedback --&gt;
{{METF/2026
|1=
&lt;!-- Title --&gt;
# Title and subtitle are correctly worded and use [[w:Letter case#Sentence casing|sentence casing]]
|2=
&lt;!-- Heading structure --&gt;
&lt;!-- 2-level --&gt;
# Promising [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|2-level heading structure]] – could benefit from further development and/or refinement
# Remove &quot;Case study&quot; heading (fixed)
&lt;!-- Conceptual --&gt;
# Revise &quot;Dark empathy&quot; heading to be more descriptive
# Revise &quot;Addresss dark empathy&quot; heading to be more descriptive
&lt;!-- Alignment with focus questions --&gt;
# Insufficient alignment between sub-title, focus questions, and top-level headings
|3=
&lt;!-- Overview--&gt;
# Excellent – Scenario, image, evocative description of the problem/topic, and focus questions
# Very good
# Good
# Basic
# Insufficient
# Hasn't been developed – Needs scenario, image, evocative description of the problem/topic, and focus questions
&lt;!-- GenAI ---&gt;
# Does this section include [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI content]]? If so, it needs to be acknowledged as such in the edit summaries, otherwise it violates academic integrity.
&lt;!-- Scenario --&gt;
# A basic scenario is planned, but it is unclear how it relates to DE
&lt;!-- Description --&gt;
# A basic description of the problem/topic is planned or presented
&lt;!-- Focus questions --&gt;
&lt;!-- Alignment and quality --&gt;
# Present focus questions in a feature box at the end of this section
|4=
&lt;!-- Key points--&gt;
&lt;!-- Overall --&gt;
# Basic development
# The key points lack a clear definition of DE; there may be some conceptual confusion with the dark triad
&lt;!-- Scope --&gt;
# ''Avoid providing too much background information''. Aim to briefly summarise general concepts and provide internal links to relevant book chapters and/or Wikipedia pages for further information. Focus most of the chapter on ''directly answering the core question(s)'' posed by the chapter sub-title.
&lt;!-- Theory and research --&gt;
# Strive for an integrated balance of the best psychological theory and research about this topic, with practical examples.
&lt;!-- Citations --&gt;
# Insufficient use of citations
# [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/punctuation/serial-comma APA style uses serial commas][[w:Serial comma|1]][https://www.buzzfeed.com/adamdavis/the-oxford-comma-is-extremely-important-and-everyone-should 2][https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gBx8ooDupXY 3] (1 min)
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-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 21:28, 14 September 2026 (UTC)</text>
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    <title>Motivation and emotion/Book/2026/Psychedelic treatment of eating disorders</title>
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      <text bytes="18237" sha1="oddz3o1kxy0r28b8bxe80jrmtiap5wu" xml:space="preserve">{{title|Psychedelic treatment of eating disorders:&lt;br&gt;How might psychedelic-assisted therapy influence psychological mechanisms involved in eating disorders?}}
__TOC__

== Overview ==
(180 to 330 words)

{{RoundBoxTop|theme=7}}

;Scenario

[[File:Neural network - Midjourney and Grok.png|thumb|'''Figure 1.''' Neural connectivity {{expand}}]]

Imagine someone {{vague}} whose eating-disorder behaviours have become their primary way of coping with overwhelming emotions. They recognise that the behaviours are damaging their health and want to recover, but they have not been able to - those behaviours provide a sense of control in their life. Now imagine they've undergone psychedelic assisted therapry and describe experiencing ....

Afterwards they feel..., which allows...
What could explain this change?

* Builds perspective of the experience re: eating disorder
* Personal experience of a study participant &amp; experience during psychedelic treatment , what this means for them &amp; future implications
* Podcast reference for inspiration from real story? Quote?
* Researchers think this may happen due to increased neural connectivity while under the influence of the substance (see Figure 1)

{{RoundBoxBottom|theme=3}}

'''Explanation of the problem, issue, or topic''':  

Brief explanation of the problem, why it is important, and an outline of how psychological science can help. 

* What are eating disorders? DSM5?

* Who do they affect? Snapshot of eating disorders in Australia (statistics, cost...)
* Psychological and physical consequences
* Recovery insights: review current treatments - do not work equally well for everyone, low recovery rate &amp; lifelong struggle (persistent) there is an interest in approaches that may target underlying psychological processes that characterise eating disorders. psychedelic assisted therapy is a potential novel approach that is emerging with fascinating/important results (Tabuenca et al., 2025; Monteleone et al., 2023)
** describe current/common treatment approaches???: eg. Transdiagnositic Cognitive-Behavioural Model/ Enhanced Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy {Murphy et al., 2010}

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'''Focus questions'''

{{ic|Use bullet points as shown in [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]]}}

1. Why do eating-disorder behaviours persist?

2. How do emotion and motivation interact to maintain eating-disorder behaviours?

3. How might psychedelics influence the brain and psychological processes involved in emotion and motivation?

4. Could psychedelic-assisted therapy disrupt the psychological mechanisms that maintain eating disorders? {{ic|Use open-ended focus questions}}

5. What does the evidence tell us{{ic|Use 3rd person point of view}} about psychedelic-assisted therapy as a pathway to eating-disorder recovery?
{{RoundBoxBottom}}

== Psychological Mechanisms Underlying ED's{{g}} ==
* eating disorders involve persistent patterns of thoughts, emotions, and behaviours relating to food, body image and weight
* disordered eating behaviours can have psychological functions that contribute to their persistence
* understanding these functions may help explain why behaviours continue despite significant physical and psychological consequences
* interrelation of emotion &amp; motivation - linked processes, brain structures. distinguish

=== Emotion Dysregulation ===
* Define emotion regulation &amp; emotion dysregulation{{ic|Provide internal links to chapters about ER and ED}} (Lavender et al., 2016; Henderson et al., 2019; 
* Explain emotional instability findings &amp; examples from research (eg. Selby et al., 2015)
* Introduce chosen emotion-regulation theories/models: eg. Process Model of Emotion Regulation (Transdiagnostic), Affect Regulation Model, [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4045741/ Yerkes-Dodson Law (neuronal basis for compulsion)] (figures: eg [https://www.researchgate.net/figure/A-model-of-cognitive-control-of-appetite-a-The-original-Yerkes-Dodson-Law-76-showing_fig1_290787554 link]) {{ic|Move links to citations into the References section}}
* Discuss evidence for emotion regulation models (eg. Wong et al., 2025; Prefit et al., 2019; Salias et al., 2025; Leppanen et al., 2022; Schaefer et al., 2024)
* Explain how difficulties identifying &amp; managing emotions contribute to ED behaviours (restriction, bingeing, purging, compulsive exercise - alternative coping)
* Explain how behaviours temporarily alter emotional states, mood-related eating motives (Burr et al., 2024)
* Introduce negative reinforcement: if a behaviour reduces distress, the likelihood of repeating it may increase (short term emotional relief - long-term maintenance of maladaptive habits) [Learning theory]
* Explain relevant neural systems involved in emotion regulation/reward (Brain region function, neurobiology, nervous system, interoceptive confusion [Psychosomatic theory: James-Lange theory &amp; Somatovisceral Afference Model of Emotion (SAME) (Additional: Cannon-Bard &amp; Schachter-Singer Theory)]
Research Basis: (Marano et al., 2026), (Abdoli et al., 2025), (Reichenberger et al., 2020), (Norman et al., 2014), (Brown et al., 2021)

=== Motivation, reinforcement and ambivalence ===

* Define goal-directed behaviour in relation to immediate emotional relief (reinforcing outcome)
* Percieved benefits from maintaining the disorder; motivation - compelling
* Short term emotion reguation competes with long-term health outcomes
* Motivation for treatment/change is complex; competing motivations:
** psycho-biological - homeostasis 
** dysfunctional reward circuitry (gender difference)
** avoidance
** (Frank et al., 2018; Nasini et al., 2025)
* Theoretical underpinnings: [[self-determination theory]], Maslows hierarchy of needs (eg. [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/396005354_Maslow's_Hierarchy_of_Needs_and_Anorexia_Nervosa_When_Basic_Needs_Conflict_with_Self-Actualization self-worth &amp; body control]),

=== Cognitive flexibility &amp; Maintenance ===

* define psychological/cognitive flexibility
* How might rigid thinking contribute to nflexible behaviour patterns that maintain ED's
* How might flexibility be relevant to treatment?

RESEARCH BASIS: ***

LEARNING FEATURE: QUIZ. 

''Choose your answers and click &quot;Submit&quot;:''
&lt;quiz display=&quot;simple&quot;&gt;
{Question 1: ***
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
+ True
- False

{Question 2: ***
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
- True
+ False
&lt;/quiz&gt;
== Psychedelics &amp; The Brain ==

* What are psychedelics &amp; psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT)? (Distinguish psychedelic use from PAT; explain therapeutic context: preparation, psychedelic experience and integration to therapy, risks, )
* How do psychedelics affect the brain? (relevant neurobiological mechanisms - Brain regions/networks implicated in psychedelic effects, changes in neural connectivity and/or network organisation; only discuss mechanisms relevant to later argument) 
* Brief introductions to ideas as can link to internal wiki pages (eg.  as provided in see also sections)

=== Psychedelics, emotion and motivation ===
* How might psychedelics influence '''emotional processing'''?
* How might they affect '''emotional awareness/acceptance?'''
* How might they influence '''reward and motivation'''?
* How might increased '''cognitive flexibility''' relate to behaviour change?
* What evidence/hypothesised mechanisms have been proposed by the research?

* Brief mention of re-connection to bodily cues (eg. hunger? - Psychosomatic theory link)

RESEARCH BASIS: ***

LEARNING FEATURE: QUIZ. 

''Choose your answers and click &quot;Submit&quot;:''
&lt;quiz display=&quot;simple&quot;&gt;
{Q1: ***
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
+ Option 1
- Option 2
- Option 3

{Q2: ***
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
- Option 1
+ Option 2
- Option 3
&lt;/quiz&gt;

== Trip to...ED Recovery? ==
Exploring the potential of psychedelic-assisted therapy for ED's (connecting mechanisms to treatment outcomes) 

=== What does the ED research show? ===
Major studies: what did researchers find? how does this relate to psychological measures discussed? what &amp; how were things measured/observed? eg. &quot;this finding is consistent with the proposed role of emotion regulation, as ... was directly measured through the use of....&quot;

=== Could PAT disrupt emotion dysregulation? link to theory ===

* Could PAT increase emotional awareness, acceptance and tolerance of distress?
* Can PAT influence trauma processing? (relates to emotion relief)

=== Could PAT influence motivation &amp; behaviour change? link to theory ===

* Could PAT alter ambivalence, values, self-efficacy or motivation to engage in recovery?
* Could it disrupt rigid eating-disorder patterns? (cognitive flexibility)
* Could it alter maladaptive reward processing? (reinforcement)
* Could it change rigid or negative beliefs about the body? (body image/self-concept)
* Other: promoting idea of &quot;connection to the body&quot; -&gt; hunger cues

'''Promise, limitations &amp; future directions'''

* Why more research is needed: small samples (gendered), early-stage research, methological limitations, direct testing/measurements of mechanisms?, safety, longitudinal studies required to see whether effects are sustaines or specific to EDs, exploring the role of psychotherapy &amp; therapeutic context (eg. in a clinic vs. outside), need for controlled and progressive research (funding, legality), types of evidence available (mostly qualitative?)
* Safety and risks

RESEARCH BASIS: ***

FIGURE/TABLE - Proposed psychological pathways that PAT promotes in ED recovery

(figure mapping proposed effects)
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Table with APA style caption
!ED Behaviours 
!PAT effects
!Implications for recovery
!example
|-
|research evidence?
|research evidence?
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|
|}

LEARNING FEATURE: QUIZ. 

''Choose your answers and click &quot;Submit&quot;:''
&lt;quiz display=&quot;simple&quot;&gt;
{ Using the theoretical model of ___ PAT allows *** to positively effect ***
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
+ Option 1
- Option 2

{ ___ was important in understanding something
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
- Non-answer
+ Answer
&lt;/quiz&gt;

== Conclusion ==
(150 to 330 words.)
* Emotion regulation refers to processes used to influence the intensity, duration or expression of emotional responses, while emotion dysregulation involves difficulties managing emotional experiences effectively
* Difficulties tolerating or managing negative emotions may increase reliance on eating disorder behaviours as short-term strategies for reducing distress
* Negative reinforcement may increase the likelihood that eating disorder behaviour will be repeated when the behaviour produces immediate emotional relief; Behaviours that are harmful in the long term provide immediate psychological benefit, thus creating a maintenance cycle/perpetuating habits of mind &amp; body
* Interventions that propose alternative ways of managing and processing distress experienced by the individual with an eating disorder are best when understanding this cycle - aim to disrupt underlying processes which may provide breakthrough experiences and recovery potential

==See also==
{{ic|Use internal links as shown in [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]]}}

* [https://w.wiki/TsdG Ayahuasca and the brain] (Wikiversity)
* [https://w.wiki/TscF Emotional effects of psychedelics] (Wikiversity)
* [https://w.wiki/Tsdb Psilocybin and emotion] (Wikiversity)
* [https://w.wiki/TsdS Psilocibyn assisted psychotherapy] (Wikiversity)
* [https://w.wiki/Tsce Psychedelics, altered consciousness, and personal growth] (Wikiversity)

==References==
{{Hanging indent|1=

(I can't figure out how to italisice this section yet!) {{ic|Try &quot;Edit source&quot; and then wrapping any text to be italicised in two apostrophes e.g., ''this is italics''}}

Abdoli, M., Schiechtl, E., Rosato, M. S., Mangweth-Matzek, B., Cotrufo, P., &amp; Hüfner, K. (2025). Body image, self-esteem, emotion regulation, and eating disorders in adults: a systematic review. Körperbild, Selbstwert, Emotionsregulation und Essstörungen bei Erwachsenen: eine systematische Übersicht. Neuropsychiatrie : Klinik, Diagnostik, Therapie und Rehabilitation : Organ der Gesellschaft Osterreichischer Nervenarzte und Psychiater, 39(3), 118–132. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40211-025-00544-4

Brown, T. A., Vanzhula, I. A., Reilly, E. E., Levinson, C. A., Berner, L. A., Krueger, A., Lavender, J. M., Kaye, W. H., &amp; Wierenga, C. E. (2020). Body mistrust bridges interoceptive awareness and eating disorder symptoms. Journal of abnormal psychology, 129(5), 445–456. https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000516

Burr, E. K., Dvorak, R. D., De Leon, A. N., Leary, A. V., Peterson, R., Schaefer, L. M., &amp; Wonderlich, S. A. (2023). The role of eating expectancies and eating motives in the association between mood and loss-of-control eating: A national sample daily diary study. Appetite, 180, 106322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2022.106322

Frank, G. K. W., DeGuzman, M. C., &amp; Shott, M. E. (2019). Motivation to eat and not to eat - The psycho-biological conflict in anorexia nervosa. Physiology &amp; behavior, 206, 185–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.04.007

Henderson, Z. B., Fox, J. R. E., Trayner, P., &amp; Wittkowski, A. (2019). Emotional development in eating disorders: A qualitative metasynthesis. Clinical psychology &amp; psychotherapy, 26(4), 440–457. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2365

Lavender, J. M., Wonderlich, S. A., Engel, S. G., Gordon, K. H., Kaye, W. H., &amp; Mitchell, J. E. (2015). Dimensions of emotion dysregulation in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: A conceptual review of the empirical literature. Clinical psychology review, 40, 111–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2015.05.010

Leppanen, J., Brown, D., McLinden, H., Williams, S., &amp; Tchanturia, K. (2022). The Role of Emotion Regulation in Eating Disorders: A Network Meta-Analysis Approach. Frontiers in psychiatry, 13, 793094. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.793094

Marano G, Lanzetta M, Scialpi C, Sottile A, Giacomi OD, Brisi C, Traversi G, Mazza O, Capristo E, Sani G, et al. Disordered Minds, Disordered Meals: When Emotions Masquerade as Hunger in Eating Disorders—A Systematic Review. Nutrients. 2026; 18(9):1350. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18091350

Monteleone, A. M., Pellegrino, F., Croatto, G., Carfagno, M., Hilbert, A., Treasure, J., Wade, T., Bulik, C. M., Zipfel, S., Hay, P., Schmidt, U., Castellini, G., Favaro, A., Fernandez-Aranda, F., Il Shin, J., Voderholzer, U., Ricca, V., Moretti, D., Busatta, D., Abbate-Daga, G., … Solmi, M. (2022). Treatment of eating disorders: A systematic meta-review of meta-analyses and network meta-analyses. Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews, 142, 104857. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104857

Murphy, R., Straebler, S., Cooper, Z., &amp; Fairburn, C. G. (2010). Cognitive behavioral therapy for eating disorders. The Psychiatric clinics of North America, 33(3), 611–627. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2010.04.004

Nasini, S., Casile, A., Bonaldo, B., Mancini, C., Guzzo, S. M., Botticelli, L., &amp; Comai, S. (2025). The role of motivation in eating disorders: understanding sex differences in the circuits. Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience, 19, 1644383. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2025.1644383

Norman, G. J., Berntson, G. G., &amp; Cacioppo, J. T. (2014). Emotion, somatovisceral afference, and autonomic regulation. Emotion Review, 6(2), 113–123. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073913512006

Prefit, A. B., Cândea, D. M., &amp; Szentagotai-Tătar, A. (2019). Emotion regulation across eating pathology: A meta-analysis. Appetite, 143, 104438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2019.104438

Reichenberger, J., Schnepper, R., Arend, A. K., &amp; Blechert, J. (2020). Emotional eating in healthy individuals and patients with an eating disorder: evidence from psychometric, experimental and naturalistic studies. The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 79(3), 290–299. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665120007004

Salias, C., Gross, J. J., Petrova, K., Forbush, K. T., &amp; Preece, D. A. (2025). Eating disorder symptoms and profiles of emotion regulation strategy use. Journal of affective disorders, 380, 94–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2025.03.050

Schaefer, L. M., Forester, G., Burr, E. K., Laam, L., Crosby, R. D., Peterson, C. B., Crow, S. J., Engel, S. G., Dvorak, R. D., &amp; Wonderlich, S. A. (2023). Examining the role of craving in affect regulation models of binge eating: Evidence from an ecological momentary assessment study. Journal of psychopathology and clinical science, 132(6), 725–732. https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000839

Selby, E. A., Cornelius, T., Fehling, K. B., Kranzler, A., Panza, E. A., Lavender, J. M., Wonderlich, S. A., Crosby, R. D., Engel, S. G., Mitchell, J. E., Crow, S. J., Peterson, C. B., &amp; Le Grange, D. (2015). A perfect storm: examining the synergistic effects of negative and positive emotional instability on promoting weight loss activities in anorexia nervosa. Frontiers in psychology, 6, 1260. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01260

Tabuenca, K., Crowe, D. E., Gillis, A. J., Kabiling, C., Saccacio, B., Velkova, A. V., &amp; Murray, S. B. (2025). Updates in the treatment of eating disorders in 2024: a year in review in Eating Disorders: The Journal of Treatment &amp; Prevention. Eating Disorders, 33(4), 434–450. https://doi.org/10.1080/10640266.2025.2497750

Wong, V. Z., Koithan, E. M., Santos, B. M., Johnson, A., &amp; Haynos, A. F. (2025). Does Evidence Support an Emotion Regulation Model of Anorexia Nervosa? A Systematic Review of Over a Decade of Research. Clinical psychology : a publication of the Division of Clinical Psychology of the American Psychological Association, 32(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1037/cps0000244

}}

==External links==
* [https://podcasts.apple.com/au/podcast/can-magic-mushrooms-help-treat-anorexia/id189330872?i=1000784809236 Can magic mushrooms help treat anorexia?] (Apple Podcasts)
* [https://www.cbte.co/what-is-cbte/transdiagnostic-view-eating-disorders/ Transdiagnostic view of eating disorders] (cbte.co)
* [https://www.empoweringyoullc.com/empowering-you-blog/maslows-hierarchy-of-unmet-needs-eating-disorder-edition Maslow’s Hierarchy of Unmet Needs: Eating Disorder Edition] (empoweringyoullc.com)

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__TOC__

==Overview==
{{RoundBoxTop|theme=5}}
[[File:New York City Streetscapes - Skateboarding on Lower East Side 11.jpg|thumb|200px|'''Figure 1'''. A person skateboarding]]

;Do these ways of finding success sound familiar to you?

Jack is an artistic, and active high-school student, who has been enrolled in classical piano classes since he could say the word 'Mozart'. The day he won his first piano competition, he recalled the ecstatic and proud faces of his parent, who bragged to his school teacher, friend's parents, and the neighbours about his success. Whilst he had learned a complicated new piece from scratch at the start of the season, he felt as though his musical flow was entirely rehearsed, requiring intense focus to maintain perfect accuracy when delivering the piece. His heart pounded with anxiety thinking about each page of notation to play, and he relied on his hours of endless repetition to deliver the musical rendition. However, the feeling of satisfying his parent's expectations with a near-perfect score - and month-long break of strict daily practice as a reward - took a weight off of Jack's shoulders, allowing him to rest mentally. During his post-success break, Jack spent his newly gained free-time with friends at the skate park, carving up risky new tricks on his skateboard, spending time riding around the local shops, and perfecting the playlist he would play in his headphones to skate to.

Whilst Jack finds success in his piano playing, he requires intense focus, and long, repetitive practice sessions to be his best. Jack also has many worries about his parent's expectations, and worries his cell phone will be confiscated again for skipping practice to spend time at the skatepark. Sometimes he picks less challenging, and even boring songs to prepare for competitions, if it means he will deliver a mistake-free program. If Jack's parents did not push him to play piano, he would probably give up on his lessons.

Jack finds a deeper creative outlet when he skateboards with friends, away from competitions and expectations. Often when he gets time with his skateboard, he gets stuck for hours perfecting a new trick, and vividly remembers the first time he landed a kick-flip on his own at the park after endless attempts. Jack loves pushing the limits of his skills, and feels a deep sense of pride and accomplishment when he lands something difficult. 

Jack jokingly describes the pressure of piano competition preparation as 'dodging landmines', fearful of making a single mistake. Whereas skating feels as though he is 'reaching for the sky'. 
{{RoundBoxBottom}}

{{expand}}

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'''Focus questions'''

{{ic|Use bullet points as shown in [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]]}}

What is a prevention mindset?

What is a promotion mindset?

What is the role of mindset in different contexts?

How does our mindset influence educational success?

How does our mindset influence mental health?

Are mindsets malleable or fixed?
{{RoundBoxBottom}}
==What are mindsets?==

* Theoretical history
* Current conceptualisations
* Are mindsets fixed or malleable

=== Prevention mindset ===

=== Promotion mindset ===

== Motivational Differences Between Promotion and Prevention Mindsets ==
{{ic|Include at least an introductory paragraph before branching into sub-headings}}

=== Promotion Mindset in Various Contexts ===

* Education
* Mental Health
* Hobbies and Passions
* Humanistic Approach

=== Prevention Mindset in Various Contexts ===

* Education
* Mental Health
* Workplace
* Sports

== Influences and Development of Prevention Mindset ==

== Influences and Development of Promotion Mindset ==
*

==Figures==
[[File:Thought bubble.svg|right|140px|thumb|'''Figure 2'''. Example of an image with a descriptive caption.]]

* For the topic development, use at least one figure (even if not ideal) to show that you know how to embed, caption, and cite a figure; this can be the figure in the scenario
* For the book chapter, use several figures to illustrate concepts, add interest, and to serve as examples
* Images must be embedded from [[commons:|Wikimedia Commons]] which hosts free-to-use media such as photos, diagrams, graphs, video, and audio
* Images can be uploaded to [[commons:|Wikimedia Commons]] if they are openly licensed
* Embed figures throughout the chapter, starting with the scenario in the Overview section
* Provide descriptive figure captions (use '''Figure #''' and explain the relevance of the image to the text)
* Cite each figure at least once in the main text (e.g., see Figure 2)

==Learning features==
Learning features help to bring book chapters to life and can be embedded throughout the chapter. Here are some options:

{{anchor|Scenarios}}
;Scenarios
* Scenarios, case studies, or examples that illustrate concepts in action
* Present using [[#Feature boxes|feature boxes]]; can be split into multiple boxes throughout a chapter (e.g., to illustrate different theories or stages)
* Can be real or fictional; if real, provide citation(s)

{{anchor|Feature box}}
;Feature boxes
* Highlight key content using [[Motivation and emotion/Wikiversity/Feature box|feature boxes]], but don't overuse, otherwise they lose their effect
* Consider using feature boxes for:
** [[#Scenarios|Scenarios]], case studies, or examples
** Focus questions
** Tips
** Quiz questions
** Take-home messages

;Embedded links
* When key words are introduced, use [[Help:Links|interwiki links]] to:
** Wikipedia articles (e.g., &quot;An early psychological view [[w:Dreams|dreams]]) of dreams was provided by [[w:Sigmund Freud|Sigmund Freud]]&quot;) or
** Related book chapters (e.g., &quot;If you're feeling stuck, check out the chapter about [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Writer's block|writer's block]]&quot;)

{{anchor|Tables}}
;Tables
* Use tables to organise and summarise information
* Cite each table at least once in the main text (e.g., see Table 1)
* Tables should be captioned
* [[Motivation and emotion/Wikiversity/Tables|More example tables]] which can be adapted

'''Table 1''' 

A Descriptive Caption Explains The Table Contents and its Relevance to the Text e.g., 

The 2 x 2 Johari Window Model Showing the Relationship Between Known/Unknown and Self/Other

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin: auto;&quot;
|-
! !! Known to self !! Not known to self
|-
| '''Known to others''' || Open area || Blind spot
|-
| '''Not known to others''' || Hidden area || Unknown
|}

;Quizzes
* One or two quiz questions for each main section is better than a long quiz at the end
* Quiz ''conceptual'' understanding, rather than trivia. Ask about important information such as the take-home messages
* Ask easy rather than hard questions
* Different types of quiz questions are possible; see [[Help:Quiz|Quiz]]

Example simple quiz questions. Choose your answers and click &quot;Submit&quot;:
&lt;quiz display=simple&gt;
{The purpose of quizzes is to provide an interactive learning feature:
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
+ True
- False

{Long and complex quiz questions are recommended:
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
- True
+ False
&lt;/quiz&gt;

==Conclusion==
* Arguably the most important section
* Provide at least three bullet-points for this section even at the topic development stage, based on preliminary thinking
* For the book chapter, develop clear take-home message(s) that address the focus questions based on psychological theory and research
* Together, the [[#Overview|Overview]] and Conclusion should summarise the problem, its significance, and how psychological science contributes to understanding and addressing this problem
* Recommended length: 150 to 330 words

{{tip|Suggestions for this section:
* What is the answer to the sub-title question based on psychological theory and research?
* What are the answers to the focus questions?
* What are the practical, take-home messages?
}}

==See also==
List [[Help:Contents/Links#Interwiki_links|internal (wiki) links]] to the most relevant Wikiversity pages (esp. [[Motivation and emotion/Book|motivation and emotion book chapters]]) and [[w:|Wikipedia articles]]. Use [[w:Letter case#Sentence casing|sentence casing]] and alphabetical order. For example:
* [[Motivation and emotion/Book/About/Collaborative authoring using wiki|Collaborative authoring using wiki]] (Wikiversity)
* [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2021/Light triad|Light triad]] (Book chapter, 2021)
* [[w:Self determination theory|Self determination theory]] (Wikipedia)
* [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Topic/Checklist|Topic development - Checklist]] (Wikiversity)

{{tip|Suggestions for this section:
* Link to the most relevant internal resources about the topic
* Include the source in parentheses
}}

==References==
Provide the references for all citations in [[w:APA style|APA style]] (7th ed.) or [[w:Wikipedia:Citing sources|wiki style]]. Alternatively, you can use wiki style (as used on Wikipedia), as long as the information is complete and the formatting is consistent.

APA style example:
{{Hanging indent|1=

Rosenberg, B. D., &amp; Siegel, J. T. (2018). A 50-year review of psychological reactance theory: Do not read this article. ''Motivation Science'', ''4''(4), 281–300. https://doi.org/10.1037/mot0000091

Sacks, O. (1985). ''The man who mistook his wife for a hat and other clinical tales''. Harper &amp; Row.

}}

{{tip|Suggestions for this section:
* Important aspects of APA referencing style
** Author surname, followed by a comma, then the author initials separated by full stops and spaces
** Year of publication in parentheses
** Title of work in lower case (except first letter and proper names), ending in a full-stop
** Journal title in italics, volume number in italics, issue number in parentheses, first and last page numbers separated by an en-dash(–), followed by a full-stop
** doi as a URL which is a working hyperlink (i.e., clickable)
** Hanging indent: Wrap the set of references in the [[Template:Hanging indent|hanging indent template]]:
*** Use &quot;Edit source&quot;
*** &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Hanging indent|1= the full list of references}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
* The most common mistakes include:
** Incorrect capitalisation
** Incorrect italicisation
** dois which aren't clickable as working hyperlinks
** Citing sources that haven't been consulted
}}

==External links==
[[Help:Contents/Links#External_links|External links]] to highly relevant resources such as podcasts and videos, news articles, and professional sites. Use [[w:Letter case#Sentence casing|sentence casing]] and alphabetical order. For example:
* [https://students.unimelb.edu.au/academic-skills/explore-our-resources/essay-writing/six-top-tips-for-writing-a-great-essay Six top tips for writing a great essay] (University of Melbourne)
* [http://www.skillsyouneed.com/write/structure.html The importance of structure] (skillsyouneed.com)

{{tip|Suggestions for this section:
* Link to the most relevant external resources about the topic
* Include the source in parentheses after the link
}}

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__TOC__

==Overview==
{{RoundBoxTop|theme=2}}
[[File:NASA-HS201427a-HubbleUltraDeepField2014-20140603.jpg|right|thumb|200px|'''Figure 1'''. NASA Hubble Ultra Deep Field]]

; Scenario

Leo walks into the desert late at night and is taken aback at the night sky above him. Being alone in the vast and flat plane lets him really perceive the vastness of the stars and leaves him feeling very present and aware of his smallness in comparison. This overwhelming feeling leaves Leo seeking connection with others, and a new found sense of purpose.  

* [Author Note: REPLACE WITH A REAL CASE STUDY - such as near death experience (The Good Place coded) (Might modify scenario to incude this aspect similar to the purple feature box on [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2025/Motivation for using AI companions|this page]])]

{{RoundBoxBottom}}

'''''Author Note: KEY PSYCH SCIENCE''''' {{ic|Move this detail into subsequent sections}}
* ''Maslow and Carl Rogers -&gt; self-concept and peak experiences''
* ''KEY PIECE OF LITERATURE: Keltner and Haidt: Awe 2003''
*''Jean Piaget - Cognitive Development''  

* Awe is considered a [[wikipedia:Peak_experience|peak experience]] according to Maslow [x] {{ic|Also consider awe as an emotion}}, (see [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2017/Awe and well-being|Awe and well-being]])
** Experiencing awe = indicator of reaching highest level of self-actualisation and self-transcendence)
* Awe can have positive individual and community effects (pro-social behaviour)

{{ic|The topic is not just about awe - it is about the effect of awe on self-perception}}

{{RoundBoxTop|theme=3}}
'''Focus questions'''

* What is awe as an emotion and experience?
* How does the experience of awe diminish the self?
* What is the effect of a diminished sense of self?
* How can awe be integrated into modern life? i.e. How can we trigger or experience everyday moments of awe?
* How can the experience of awe be applied for social and individual good?{{RoundBoxBottom}}

{{RoundBoxTop|theme=1}}
'''QUESTIONS AND NOTES FOR SELF'''

* Where do I fit discussions of the Self in here? 
* Should I get rid of the physical and conceptual distinction for the headings? Rework to the five appraisals from that one article

- [Author's Notes]
{{RoundBoxBottom}}

== Awe ==
[[File:Plutchik-wheel.svg|thumb|Figure 2: Plutchik's wheel of emotions, where awe is modelled as a combination of suprise and fear.]]

[[wikipedia:Awe|Awe]] is an emotion that [... (general definition, innate). General overview of the experience. Quick introduction for process and criteria of awe (vastness (stimulus whether conceptual or physical) -&gt; experience of awe as an emotion -&gt; need for accommodation).] 

- KEY REFERENCE: Keltner and Haidt, 2003: 

* two appraisals are central in clear cases of awe: perceived vastness and a need for accommodation 
* Additional appraisals account for variation in the hedoic (pleasure) tone of awe experiences
** threat, beauty, exceptional ability, virtue, and the supernatural

* Edwards et al. (2026) define awe to be an emotion elicited from experiencing great vastness that dramaticallt expands a person's frame of reference.
* Robert Plutchik -&gt; wheel of emotions, where awe is modelled as a combination of suprise and fear, see Figure 2.
** see [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2016/Awe as an emotion|Awe as an emotion]]

=== Elicitors of awe ===
Might be wise to include a figure here of elicitors as they are hard to categorise and often overlap. 

''[Authors Note: Perhaps splitting into physical vastness and conceptual vastness is the wrong step here? Feels hard to slot the above appraisals and elicitors into the below binary, please advise!]'' 

==== Vastness ====

* &quot;Although the term “vastness” implies great physical size, in this usage “vast” describes any stimulus that challenges one's accustomed frame of reference in some dimension
** A stimulus may convey vastness in physical space, in time, in number, in complexity of detail, in ability, even in volume of human experience. 
*** For example, one may experience a sense of vastness in a mathematical equation, not because the equation is literally long, but because of the vast number of observed physical processes it is able to explain and predict. 
** What is critical is that the stimulus dramatically expands the observer's usual frame of reference in some dimension or domain.&quot; (Shiota et al., 2007)

===== Physical vastness =====
''[Author's Note: Nature, Space, might be wise to mention depth perception studies here. Why particuarly these things. Work in thesis on space video here.]'' 

* The overview effect = witnessing Earth from the atmosphere = life-altering degree of awe -&gt; transcendent -&gt; complete breakdown of perception of borders and countries = feeling of connectedness (Yaden et al., 2016)
* Eclipses: study that used twitter data (over 2 million users) -&gt; individuals exhibited more awe and expressed less self focused and more pro social, affiliative, humble and collective language 
* Witnessing natural disasters may induce a state of negatively valenced awe (Chaudhury et al., 2022; Piff et al., 2015) 
** Link to heading section 'Effect of awe on the self' -&gt; threat-based awe (Keltner and Haidt, 2003). 

===== Conceptual vastness =====
Witnessing other people or learning things, coming of age moments, witnessing things for the first time theories here. Music and virtues act of skills. 

* Acts of Virtue 
* Acts of skills 
* Learning things 
** A stimulus may convey vastness in physical space, in time, in number, in complexity of detail, in ability, even in volume of human experience.
*** For example, one may experience a sense of vastness in a mathematical equation, not because the equation is literally long, but because of the vast number of observed physical processes it is able to explain and predict.
** What is critical is that the stimulus dramatically expands the observer's usual frame of reference in some dimension or domain.&quot; (Shiota et al., 2007)

====== Psychedelics ======
''[Author's Note: I feel psychedelics needs its own subsection here as it is particuarly relevant to my applications, and provides a good segue to need for accommodations.]'' 

* psychedielic-occassioned mystical experience is characterised by profound awe
** small self -&gt; construct that in the extreme is analogous to those of unitive experience and ego dissolution (diminishing of self) (Hendricks, 2018)
* psychedelics have been shown to produce enduring positive change across a range of psychological and behavioural outcomes (Hendricks, 2018) via ''(Griffiths et al., 2018; Griffiths, Richards, Johnson, McCann, &amp; Jesse, 2008, Griffiths et al., 2011; Griffiths, Richards, McCann, &amp; Jesse, 2006; Lebedev et al., 2016; MacLean, Johnson, &amp; Griffiths, 2011)'' as well as treatment of depression.

====== Religion ======
[x] ''[Author's Note: Unsure if I should keep this section / subheading in or discuss elsewhere].''

==== Need for accommodation ====
* Awe is defined by Keltner and Haidt as an inability to assimilate an experience into current mental structures. (Keltner and Haidt, 2003)
* Accommodation is one of the two ongoing processes (assimilation being the other) in [[wikipedia:Piaget's_theory_of_cognitive_development|Piaget's theory of cognitive development]], where existing [[wikipedia:Schema_(psychology)|schemas]] are modified, or even created to deal with a new event or experience (Jean Piaget, {find specific reference}).
** See also: [[wikipedia:Schema_(psychology)|Schemas]]

* ''[Authors Note: Insert table of epistimec emotions such as wonder, elevation, sublime, admiration (Keltner and Haidt), not sure of relevance or format]''

''- [Authors Note: unsure whether I should spend a sub section on schemas or not, or how much explanation should be done for these sorts of fundamental but still unfamiliar to reader concepts'' 

- Discussion of what it means to require the need for knowledge structures to be updated.

== Self ==

* [[wikipedia:Self|Self]] in philosophy = individual's own being, knowledge and values (and relationship between these attributes
** self is distingushable from others 
*** ''[Authors Note: have a section later in connectedness how when the self is diminished, the concept of otherness is also diminished -&gt; oneness]''

=== Self-perception ===
[[wikipedia:Self-concept|Self-concept]] = made up of one's self-schemas
*possible selves
==== Ego ====

*''[Author's Note: Probably doesn't need it's own heading. Can be discussed with regards to self-perception and ego-death]''

===== Ego-death =====
* small self -&gt; construct that in the extreme is analogous to those of unitive experience and ego dissolution (diminishing of self) (Hendricks, 2018)
* See also [[wikipedia:Ego_death|Ego death]] = complete loss of subjective self concept

=== Oneness / Seperation ===
See Buddhism, see psychedelics, see Connectedness. 

[''Author's Note: unsure if this should be it's own section, it feels like it should be in the affect of awe on the self section, after speaking on the feeling of connectedness].'' 

== Effect of awe on the self ==
''[Authors Note: This is where we will have a short section on the self (what it means, collection of experiences and stories we tell ourselves, superceding that, buddhist definitions of the self and awareness and appreciating life as tenets, lojong etc.)]''

=== Key feelings and effects ===

* Awe diminishes the sense of self and shifts attention away from individual interests and concerns (Bai et al., 2017)
* Differences among individuas for experiencing awe: 
** higher in openness tend to experience greater levels of awe (SK Chen, 2021) -&gt; Shiota et al., 2006; Silvia et al., 2015
** study found that individuals from higher classes reported less frequently experiencing awe compared to individuals from lower social classes (Piff &amp; Moskowitz, 2017). [''Author's Note: I really like this fact and want to include it somewhere but not sure where to include].''
** not only religious but also non-religious individuals report experiencing awe; 
*** however, religious onementions explicitly religious or life-or-death events while non-religious one talks about the wonder of nature (Preston &amp; Shin, 2017).
**** simulation of viewing Earth from the space, individuals who experienced awe were non-religious (Reinerman-Jones, Sollins, Gallagher, &amp; Janz, 2013).

==== Smallness ====

* study found that smallness was experienced but not insignificance (Edwards, et al. 2025)
** awe shrinks the self without making the individual feel insignificant  

==== Profoundness ====

* [x] discuss significance of emotion
* the present moment 
** forced presence 
*time dilation (what article was that??)

==== Connectedness ====

* seeking connection after feelings of smallness 
* higher in openness tend to experience greater levels of awe (SK Chen, 2021) -&gt; Shiota et al., 2006; Silvia et al., 2015

===== Perception of the self =====
* presenting more balanced view of personal strengths and weaknesses
* increased acknowledgment of outside forces in one's accomplishments (Stellar et al., 2018)

* epistemic humility = measures of wisdom and moral character
* positive self-transcendent experiences can be utilised as driving force for better understanding one's decision and perspectives impact others (Kim et al., 2023)

=== Behavioural changes ===

* Link back to need for accommodation and changes [x]. Link back to motivation content [x]

==== Pro-social behaviour ====
[[wikipedia:Prosocial_behavior|Prosocial behaviour]] refers to social behaviours that benefit everyone. 

* How does this relate back to the need for accommodation? [x]

=== Failures to accommodate ===

* Awe is more specifically defined in (Shiota et al. 2007) as an emotional response to perceptually vast stimuli that overwhelm current mental structures, yet facilitate ''attempts'' at accommodation. 
** Segue intro into failures to accommodate, threat-based awe, etc

==== Fear ====

* Keltner and Haidt (2003) argued that awe is situated on the boundary of fear

* Threat-based awe (Keltner and Haidt) - flavour of the stimulus
* See Nihilism

==== Trauma ====
[x]

* failure to accommodate threat-based awe experienes can result in trauma

== Current applications ==

* experiencing awe can be regulatory, used for finding balance, and coping with stress (Chen &amp; Mongrain, 2020)
* (Rudd et al. 2012) found evidence that experience awe may alletive time scarcity feeling in modern life ''[Authors Note:'' (''link back to appraisal from K&amp;H of time distortion)]''

=== Wellbeing ===
''[Author's Note: find additional references for five processes and explain in paragraph]''

* experiences in nature, moved by mysic, psychedelics, spiritual contemplation promote mental health? via awe (Monroy and Keltner, 2023)
** awe engages five processes
*** shifts in neurophysiology 
*** diminished focus on self 
*** increased prosocail realtionality 
*** greater social integration 
*** heightened sense of meaning (Monroy and Keltner, 2023)

=== Therapies ===

*intro [x]

==== Existensial{{sp}} Therapy ====

* death is a main consideration in existential thought (Yalom, 2008)
* death awareness reults in anxiety which can be experienced in two different ways:
** a) an overwhelming anxiety (dread or depression) resulting in various dysfunctional behaviors and moodstates associated with the choice of escape from it
** b) an energizing source that leads to live life fully as much as possible. (Furman, 2003)
** awe can be considered as a possible way of dealing with death anxiety (Schenider, 2021)

===== Gestalt =====

* here and now
* reliving past experiences in the present moment to reexperience and attempt to accommodate 
* (Corey, 2009)

==== Psychedelic therapies ====

* evidence [x]
* how related to awe [x] 

== Conclusion ==
* Awe diminishes the self via the small self affect etc. 
* Awe requires perceived vastness (stimulus from nature, or learning or challenge to mental schema), and a need for accommodation
* Diminishing the self results in pro-social behaviour 
* Awe and its resulting experience of self-transcendent emotions can be utilised for therapies and healing
* Awe promotes wellbeing and underscores other positive stimuli such as psychedelics or spiritual contemplation and learning
* Focus Question: [What is awe as an emotion and experience?] ... Prelimary answer: [awe is made up of perceived vastness and a need for an accommodation that often leaves individuals with a smaller sense of self, connectedness and purpose/increased meaning]
* Focus Question: [How does the experience of awe diminish the self?] ... Prelimary answer: [awe diminishes the self mostly through the small-self construct, as well as diminishing the ego and seperatedness feeling]
* Focus Question: [What is the effect of a diminished sense of self?] ... Prelimary answer: [diminished sense of self results in prosocial behaviour (broad) need to specify what behaviours]
* Focus Question: [How can awe be integrated into modern life? i.e. How can we trigger or experience everyday moments of awe?] 
** Prelimary answer: [experiencing awe can be regulatory, used for finding balance, and coping with stress (Chen &amp; Mongrain, 2020)
** (Rudd et al. 2012) found evidence that experience awe may alletive time scarcity feeling in modern life ''[Authors Note:'' (''link back to appraisal from K&amp;H of time distortion)]]''
* Focus Question: [How can the experience of awe be applied for social and individual good?] ... Prelimary answer: [therapy, wellbeing, psycotherapy, deliberating triggering awe experiences for healing]
* ''[Authors Note: summarise topic, significance, how psych science contributes to understanding and addressing topic, practical take home messages, 150-330 words, mirror in [[#Overview|Overview]]]''

==See also==
* [[wikipedia:Awe|Awe]] (Wikipedia)
* [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2016/Awe as an emotion|Awe as an emotion]] (Book chapter, 2016)
* [[wikipedia:Ego_death|Ego death]] (Wikipedia)
* [[wikipedia:Piaget's_theory_of_cognitive_development|Piaget's theory of cognitive development]] (Wikipedia)
* [[wikipedia:Prosocial_behavior|Prosocial behaviour]] (Wikipedia)
* [[wikipedia:Schema_(psychology)|Schemas]] (Wikipedia)
* [[wikipedia:Self|Self]] (Wikipedia)
* [[wikipedia:Self|Self-concept]] (Wikipedia)

==References==
{{Hanging indent|1=

Arvidson, P. S. (2022). Reverent Awe and the Field of Consciousness. Human Studies, 45(3), 397-416. 

Bai, Y., Maruskin, L. A., Chen, S., Gordon, A. M., Stellar, J. E., McNeil, G. D., Peng, K., &amp; Keltner, D. (2017). Awe, the diminished self, and collective engagement: Universals and cultural variations in the small self. Journal of personality and social psychology, 113(2), 185. 

Cavallaro, R. M., Church, M. H., Giddens, B. J., &amp; Rivera, G. N. (2025). Complex effects of awe on meaning in life and true self-knowledge. Self and Identity, 24(3), 189-216. 

Chen, S. K., &amp; Mongrain, M. (2021). Awe and the interconnected self. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 16(6), 770-778. 

Edwards, M. E., Mendenhall, K., Sanders, C., &amp; King, L. A. (2026). Small but still significant: Awe and the self. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 52(9), 3032-3045. 

Furman, R. (2003). Poetry therapy and existential practice. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 30(4), 195-200.

Gao, R. (2026). From awe to pro-environmental behavior-a meta-analysis of the relationship between awe and pro-environmental behavior. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 21(5), 958-970. 

Goldy, S. P., Jones, N. M., &amp; Piff, P. K. (2022). The social effects of an awesome solar eclipse. Psychological Science, 33(9), 1452-1462.

Hendricks, P. S. (2018). Awe: a putative mechanism underlying the effects of classic psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy. International Review of Psychiatry, 30(4), 331-342.

Jiang, T., Hicks, J. A., Yuan, W., Yin, Y., Needy, L., &amp; Vess, M. (2024). The unique nature and psychosocial implications of awe. Nature Reviews Psychology, 3(7), 475-488. 

Jiang, T., &amp; Sedikides, C. (2022). Awe motivates authentic-self pursuit via self-transcendence: Implications for prosociality. Journal of personality and social psychology, 123(3), 576. 

Keltner, D., &amp; Haidt, J. (2003). Approaching awe, a moral, spiritual, and aesthetic emotion. Cognition and emotion, 17(2), 297-314.

Kim, Y., Nusbaum, H. C., &amp; Yang, F. (2023). Going beyond ourselves: The role of self-transcendent experiences in wisdom. Cognition and Emotion, 37(1), 98-116. 

Li, R., Hou, Z., Zhang, C., Xu, Q., &amp; Nie, A. (2024). A meta-analysis examining the relationship between awe and prosocial behavior. Current Psychology, 43(29), 24702-24711. 

Lucht, A., &amp; van Schie, H. T. (2024). The evolutionary function of awe: A review and integrated model of seven theoretical perspectives. Emotion Review, 16(1), 46-63. 

Maslow, A. H. (1964). Religions, values, and peak-experiences. Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Press.

McMann, G. B. (2025). Role of Vastness and Accommodation of Awe in Personal Change and Growth Grand Canyon University]. 

Perez, K. A., Lench, H. C., Thompson, C. G., &amp; North, S. (2023). Experimental elicitations of awe: A meta-analysis. Cognition and Emotion, 37(1), 18-33. 

Piff, P. K., Dietze, P., Feinberg, M., Stancato, D. M., &amp; Keltner, D. (2015). Awe, the small self, and prosocial behavior. Journal of personality and social psychology, 108(6), 883. 

Piff, P. K., Singhal, I., &amp; Bai, Y. (2025). Bridging me to we: Awe is a conduit to cohesive collectives. Current Opinion in Psychology, 62, 101979. 

Rivera, G. N., Vess, M., Hicks, J. A., &amp; Routledge, C. (2020). Awe and meaning: Elucidating complex effects of awe experiences on meaning in life. European Journal of Social Psychology, 50(2), 392-405. 

Shiota, M. N., Keltner, D., &amp; Mossman, A. (2007). The nature of awe: Elicitors, appraisals, and effects on self-concept. Cognition and Emotion, 21(5), 944-963. 

Shukla, S. (2021). Indian classical music, awe, and healing. The Humanistic Psychologist, 49(3), 355. 

Stellar, J. E., Gordon, A., Anderson, C. L., Piff, P. K., McNeil, G. D., &amp; Keltner, D. (2018). Awe and humility. Journal of personality and social psychology, 114(2), 258. 

Sturm, V. E., Datta, S., Roy, A. R., Sible, I. J., Kosik, E. L., Veziris, C. R., Chow, T. E., Morris, N. A., Neuhaus, J., &amp; Kramer, J. H. (2022). Big smile, small self: Awe walks promote prosocial positive emotions in older adults. Emotion, 22(5), 1044. 

Tanhan, F., DENİZ, M., &amp; Akgün, G. (2022). Awe Therapy: Fundamentals, Formulation and Usage Area Awe Terapi: Temelleri, Formülasyonu ve Kullanım Alanları. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 12(65). 

Tanhan, F., Deniz, M. E., &amp; Akgün, G. E. (2022). Awe Therapy: Fundamentals, formulation and usage area. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 12(65), 300-319.

Yaden, D. B., Iwry, J., Slack, K. J., Eichstaedt, J. C., Zhao, Y., Vaillant, G. E., &amp; Newberg, A. B. (2016). The overview effect: Awe and self-transcendent experience in space flight. Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice, 3(1), 1.

Yalom, I. D. (2008). Staring at the sun: Overcoming the terror of death. The Humanistic Psychologist, 36(3-4), 283.

}}

''[Authors Note: what about italicisation for the references / article titles (APA?]''

==External links==
* [https://self-transcendence.org/theory Self-transendence] (Self-transcendence.org)
* [https://fitmind.org/ Ancient wisdom + modern science] (Fitmind.org)
* [https://therapyintampa.com/the-neuroscience-of-awe-how-shared-wonder-supports-mental-health/ The Neuroscience of Awe: How Shared Wonder Supports Mental Health] (North Star Therapy)
* Ted Talk Neuroscience video

[[Category:{{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|3}}]]
[[Category:Motivation and emotion/Book/Awe]]
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      <text bytes="14147" sha1="qlqtod9ldjobfrggsl5jxv2njgfe5su" xml:space="preserve">{{title|Self-blame and emotion:&lt;br&gt;How does self-blame influence emotional responses to negative events?}}

==Overview==
{{RoundBoxTop|theme=12}}

[[File:Workplace Stress.jpg|alt=Workplace_Stress jpg|thumb|right|200px|'''Figure 1'''. Student experiencing high levels of stress due to poor grades ]]

'''Imagine this...'''

You are a university student who has just received a disappointing grade on an assignment you worked hard on (see Figure 1). Your first thought is, &quot;I should have started earlier. I didn't prepare well enough.&quot; As you continue thinking about the result, your thoughts become more personal, &quot;maybe I'm just not smart enough to do well at university.&quot; You begin to feel guilty about how you prepared, ashamed of your performance, and anxious about your next assignment. 

Both reactions involve blaming yourself for the same negative event, but are they psychologically the same? Blaming a specific behaviour may have different emotional consequences from blaming an enduring characteristic of yourself. How might these different forms of self-blame influence your emotions and how you respond to future setbacks?    

{{RoundBoxBottom}}

Negative events can prompt self-evaluation and self-blame, potentially shaping the emotions that follow including high levels of stress when in a similar environment. 

This chapter explores self-blame and how it can influence emotional responses following negative events. Self-blame is a common way of making sense of difficult experiences, particularly when individuals perceive themselves as responsible for what has happened. However, self-blame does not always affect emotions in the same way. The way responsibility is attributed to oneself can shape emotional experiences such as guilt, shame, sadness, and anxiety, and may influence how an individual responds to future challenges. By examining different forms of self-blame and the psychological theories that explain them, tis chapter considers why self-blame may contribute to both adaptive and maladaptive emotional responses. 

* Understanding factors that influence emotional responses to negative experiences may be particularly relevant for young adults. In Australia, 38.8% of people aged 16–24 experienced a mental disorder in the previous 12 months, while 13.5% experienced an affective disorder (Australian Bureau of Statistics [ABS], 2023).

{{RoundBoxTop|theme=12}}
'''Focus questions'''

* What is self-blame and how does it develop following negative events?
* Why does self-blame influence emotional responses? 
* How are different forms of self-blame associated with emotions such as guilt, shame, sadness and anxiety?
* When might self-blame be adaptive or maladaptive?

{{RoundBoxBottom}}

==What is Self-blame?==
{{ic|Include an introductory paragraph before branching into sub-sections}}

=== Focus Question: What is self-blame and how does it develop following negative events? ===

* Self-blame occurs when an individual attributes responsibility or causation for a negative event or outcome to themselves.
* Janoff-Bulman (1979) distinguishes between behavioural self-blame and characterological self-blame, demonstrating that self-blame can involve different explanations for why a negative event occurred.
* Behavioural self-blame focuses on specific and potentially modifiable actions, such as “I didn't study enough”, whereas characterological self-blame focuses on relatively stable characteristics of the self, such as “I'm not intelligent enough” (Janoff-Bulman, 1979).
* Behavioural self-blame may provide a greater sense of control because the perceived cause can potentially be changed, whereas characterological self-blame may reduce perceived control because the cause is viewed as relatively stable (Janoff-Bulman, 1979).
* Research suggests these different attributional styles have different relationships with psychological adjustment, highlighting the importance of distinguishing between forms of self-blame (Anderson et al., 1994; Peterson et al., 1981).

==Why does self-blame influence emotional responses?==
===Focus question 2: Why does self-blame influence emotional responses?===

* Emotional responses are influenced not only by what happens but also by how an individual interprets the cause and meaning of the event.
* Attribution theory proposes that causal explanations can differ according to dimensions such as locus, stability, and controllability, which can influence subsequent emotional responses (Weiner, 1985).
* Self-blame represents an internal attribution, but whether the attributed cause is viewed as stable, unstable, controllable, or uncontrollable can influence the emotion experienced.
* Appraisal models similarly propose that different evaluations of the same negative event can produce different emotional responses.
* Supporting this, Tracy and Robins (2006) found that internal, stable, uncontrollable attributions following failure were associated with shame, whereas internal, unstable, controllable attributions were associated with guilt.


==How does self-blame influence different emotions?==
===Focus question 3: How does self-blame influence different emotions?===

* Self-blame can contribute to different emotional responses depending on whether negative evaluation is directed toward a particular behaviour or more broadly toward the self.
* Guilt and shame are especially relevant, research indicates that internal attributions can contribute to both emotions, while differences in perceived stability and controllability help determine which response occurs (Tracy &amp; Robins, 2006).
* Internal, unstable, controllable explanations are more strongly associated with guilt, whereas internal, stable, uncontrollable explanations are more strongly associated with shame.
* Characterological self-blame has also been associated with depressive symptoms, whereas Peterson et al. (1981) found behavioural self-blame was associated with a lack of depressive symptoms in their undergraduate sample.
* This relationship is not entirely straightforward. Anderson et al. (1994) found that both behavioural and characterological self-blame uniquely contributed to depression and loneliness, highlighting the importance of context and measurement.

==When is self-blame adaptive or maladaptive?==
===Focus question 4: When is self-blame adaptive or maladaptive?===

*Whether self-blame is adaptive or maladaptive may depend on what an individual blames, whether the cause is perceived as changeable, and the emotional response that follows.
* Behavioural self-blame may sometimes be adaptive because attributing a negative outcome to a modifiable behaviour can preserve perceived control and the belief that similar outcomes can be avoided in the future (Janoff-Bulman, 1979).
* Characterological self-blame may be more maladaptive because it attributes negative outcomes to relatively enduring and less changeable aspects of the self; it has been associated with depressive symptoms (Janoff-Bulman, 1979).
* However, behavioural self-blame should not automatically be considered adaptive. Anderson et al. (1994) found that both behavioural and characterological attributional styles could contribute to depression and loneliness.
* Therefore, the psychological consequences of self-blame depend on the form, context, and meaning of the attribution, rather than self-blame being inherently helpful or harmful.

==Learning features==
Authors Notes: Edit all of this out, keep for topic development so you can come back to add in case study, table and edit quiz
Learning features help to bring book chapters to life and can be embedded throughout the chapter. Here are some options:

{{anchor|Scenarios}}
;Scenarios
* Scenarios, case studies, or examples that illustrate concepts in action
* Present using [[#Feature boxes|feature boxes]]; can be split into multiple boxes throughout a chapter (e.g., to illustrate different theories or stages)
* Can be real or fictional; if real, provide citation(s)

{{anchor|Feature box}}
;Feature boxes
* Highlight key content using [[Motivation and emotion/Wikiversity/Feature box|feature boxes]], but don't overuse, otherwise they lose their effect
* Consider using feature boxes for:
** [[#Scenarios|Scenarios]], case studies, or examples
** Focus questions
** Tips
** Quiz questions
** Take-home messages

;Embedded links
* When key words are introduced, use [[Help:Links|interwiki links]] to:
** Wikipedia articles (e.g., &quot;An early psychological view [[w:Dreams|dreams]]) of dreams was provided by [[w:Sigmund Freud|Sigmund Freud]]&quot;) or
** Related book chapters (e.g., &quot;If you're feeling stuck, check out the chapter about [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Writer's block|writer's block]]&quot;)

{{anchor|Tables}}
;Tables
* Use tables to organise and summarise information
* Cite each table at least once in the main text (e.g., see Table 1)
* Tables should be captioned
* [[Motivation and emotion/Wikiversity/Tables|More example tables]] which can be adapted

'''Table 1''' 

A Descriptive Caption Explains The Table Contents and its Relevance to the Text e.g., 

The 2 x 2 Johari Window Model Showing the Relationship Between Known/Unknown and Self/Other

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin: auto;&quot;
|-
! !! Known to self !! Not known to self
|-
| '''Known to others''' || Open area || Blind spot
|-
| '''Not known to others''' || Hidden area || Unknown
|}

;Quizzes
* One or two quiz questions for each main section is better than a long quiz at the end
* Quiz ''conceptual'' understanding, rather than trivia. Ask about important information such as the take-home messages
* Ask easy rather than hard questions
* Different types of quiz questions are possible; see [[Help:Quiz|Quiz]]

Example simple quiz questions. Choose your answers and click &quot;Submit&quot;:
&lt;quiz display=simple&gt;
{The purpose of quizzes is to provide an interactive learning feature:
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
+ True
- False

{Characterological self-blame focuses on specific behaviours that can be changed to prevent similar negative outcomes in the future:
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
- True
+ False
&lt;/quiz&gt;

==Conclusion==

* Self-blame is not a single process; distinguishing between behavioural and characterological self-blame helps explain why individuals can respond differently to similar negative events
* Attribution and appraisal processes help explain how perceptions of responsibility, stability, and controllability influence emotional responses, particularly guilt and shame (Tracy &amp; Robins, 2006).
Characterological self-blame appears particularly relevant to depressive symptoms, while the consequences of behavioural self-blame are more complex and should not automatically be considered adaptive (Peterson et al., 1981; Anderson et al., 1994).
* Overall, the emotional consequences of self-blame depend not simply on whether an individual blames themselves, but how they blame themselves.

Author Note: Expand the distinction between guilt and shame, including why behaviour-focused and self-focused appraisals may produce different emotional consequences (Tracy &amp; Robins, 2006).
Discuss the evidence linking characterological self-blame and depressive symptoms, while acknowledging that behavioural self-blame is not always adaptive
* Include a brief critical evaluation of the research, noting that findings about behavioural self-blame are mixed and may depend on context and how self-blame is measured.
* Link the conclusion back to the broader theme of using psychological science to understand and improve emotional experiences.
* Return to the opening university scenario and explain how “I didn't prepare enough” and “I'm not smart enough” represent different forms of self-blame and may lead to different emotional responses.

==See also==
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-blame_(psychology) Self-blame

==References==
{{Hanging indent|1=
Anderson, C. A., et al. ''“Behavioral and Characterological Attributional Styles as Predictors of Depression and Loneliness:'' Review, Refinement, and Test.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 66, no. 3, 1 Mar. 1994, pp. 549–558, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8169764/

''National Study of Mental Health and Wellbeing, 2020-21.'' (2022, July 22). Australian Bureau of Statistics. https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/health/mental-health/national-study-mental-health-and-wellbeing/2020-21?utm_ 

Janoff-Bulman, R. (1979). ''Characterological versus behavioral self-blame: Inquiries into depression and rape. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,'' 37(10), 1798–1809. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.37.10.1798

Peterson, C., Schwartz, S. M., &amp; Seligman, M. E. P. (1981). ''Self-blame and depressive symptoms. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,'' 41(2), 253–259. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.41.2.253

Tilghman-Osborne, C., Cole, D. A., Felton, J. W., &amp; Ciesla, J. A. (2008). ''Relation of guilt, shame, behavioral and characterological self-blame to depressive symptoms in adolescents over time. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology'', 27(8), 809–842. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2008.27.8.809

Tracy, J. L., &amp; Robins, R. W. (2006). Appraisal antecedents of shame and guilt: Support for a theoretical model. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32(10), 1339–1351. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167206290212

}}

==External links==
[[Help:Contents/Links#External_links|External links]] to highly relevant resources such as podcasts and videos, news articles, and professional sites. Use [[w:Letter case#Sentence casing|sentence casing]] and alphabetical order. For example:
* [https://students.unimelb.edu.au/academic-skills/explore-our-resources/essay-writing/six-top-tips-for-writing-a-great-essay Six top tips for writing a great essay] (University of Melbourne)
* [http://www.skillsyouneed.com/write/structure.html The importance of structure] (skillsyouneed.com)

{{tip|Suggestions for this section:
* Link to the most relevant external resources about the topic
* Include the source in parentheses after the link
}}
&lt;/div&gt;
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      <text bytes="6716" sha1="ckziimlkst97vzb4v9e18rvqo2e4r2q" xml:space="preserve">== External Link Suggestion ==

Hey! 

Here is a possible resource for your external links section! 

https://selfdeterminationtheory.org/the-theory/

- Amira [[User:Amirrorslens|Amirrorslens]] ([[User talk:Amirrorslens|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Amirrorslens|contribs]]) 17:50, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Article ! ==

Here's an article for your topic development! This article is competence focused :)

[https://research-ebsco-com.ezproxy.canberra.edu.au/c/aprr63/viewer/pdf/5ucach4vsn?route=details Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence] [[User:Amirrorslens|Amirrorslens]] ([[User talk:Amirrorslens|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Amirrorslens|contribs]]) 20:11, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Recommendation for 'see also' section ==
Hi there, 

Great job on your topic development, I enjoyed reading your work thus far!

I noticed that you had not yet added the ''See also'' section to your chapter, so I took the liberty of [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2026%2FCompetence_motivation_in_self-determination_theory&amp;diff=2832537&amp;oldid=2831095 adding it for you]! It might be worth linking some relevant book chapters or Wikipedia pages in this section (e.g., [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2011/Self-determination theory|self-determination theory]] (Book chapter, 2011)).

Best regards.  [[User:U3285438|U3285438]] ([[User talk:U3285438|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/U3285438|contribs]]) 04:19, 10 September 2026 (UTC)

&lt;!-- Official topic development feedback --&gt;
{{METF/2026
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&lt;!-- Title --&gt;
# Title and subtitle are correctly worded and use [[w:Letter case#Sentence casing|sentence casing]]
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&lt;!-- Headings --&gt;
&lt;!-- 2-level --&gt;
# Promising [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|2-level heading structure]] – could benefit from further development and/or refinement
&lt;!-- Alignment with focus questions --&gt;
# Very good alignment between sub-title, focus questions, and heading structure, but there may be room for improvement
# Remove/change &quot;Add research on ...&quot; heading
|3=
&lt;!-- Overview--&gt;
# Solid development
&lt;!-- Scenario --&gt;
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# Maybe rewrite the scenario in 3rd person perspective instead of 2nd person perspective
# The image could be more relevant to the scenario
&lt;!-- Description --&gt;
# A promising description of the problem/topic is planned or presented
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# The focus questions are well aligned with the sub-title and top-level headings
|4=
&lt;!-- Key points--&gt;
&lt;!-- Overall --&gt;
# Promising development
# Focus on the core topic - how does competence affect motivated behaviour according to SDT?
# Consider competence frustration and competence satisfaction
# Provide more detailed edit summaries
&lt;!-- Other --&gt;
# Use correct capitalisation ([https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization APA style is a &quot;down&quot; style]) – [https://polishedpaper.com/blog/capitalization-apa-style more info]
# Do these key points include [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI content]]? If so, this needs to be acknowledged in the edit summaries, otherwise it violates academic integrity.
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&lt;!-- Scenarios/examples/case studies --&gt;
# Consider incorporating additional scenarios, examples, or case studies to illustrate key concepts. These could build on the Overview scenario or introduce new real-world situations in the main body of the chapter to demonstrate how the concepts apply in practice.
&lt;!-- Quiz --&gt;
# Promising use of quiz question(s)
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&lt;!-- References --&gt;
&lt;!-- Overall --&gt;
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&lt;!-- Systematic reviews --&gt;
# At least one relevant systematic review and/or meta-analysis has been identified
&lt;!-- APA style --&gt;
# Check and correct [https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/reference-guide.pdf APA referencing style]:
## alphabetical order
## capitalisation
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&lt;!-- Resources --&gt;
&lt;!-- See also --&gt;
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&lt;!-- External links --&gt;
# External links
## One of two required external links provided
## Rename links so that they are more user friendly (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
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|9=
# Used effectively
&lt;!-- Description about self --&gt;
# Excellent description about self provided
&lt;!-- Links to profile(s) --&gt;
# Consider linking to your professional online profile or resume such as [https://www.linkedin.com/ LinkedIn]. This is not required, but it can be useful to interlink your professional networks.
&lt;!-- Link to book chapter --&gt;
# A link to the book chapter is provided
|10=
&lt;!-- Social contribution --&gt;
# One out of three types of contributions made with direct link(s) to evidence. The other types of contribution are making:
#* direct improvements to other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters (past or current)]]
#* comments on the [[Help:Talk page|talk page]]s of other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters (past or current)]]
# To add direct links to evidence of Wikiversity edits or comments: view the page history, select the version of the page before and after your contributions, click &quot;compare selected revisions&quot;, and paste the comparison URL on your user page. For more info, see [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Making and summarising social contributions|Making and summarising social contributions]]. This was demonstrated in [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing#Social contributions|Tutorial 2]].
}}
-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 07:33, 15 September 2026 (UTC)</text>
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      <text bytes="33118" sha1="mhx1tt02fs58hngfqrgaqmxhv7342tx" xml:space="preserve">{{title|Interpersonal psychotherapy and emotion: &lt;br&gt;How does interpersonal psychotherapy improve emotional wellbeing through changes in relationships?}}

== Overview ==
{{RoundBoxTop|theme=3}}

[[File:Conversation - RWiC.png|thumb|right|250px|'''Figure 1.''' Supportive conversation can create opportunities to express emotions, clarify interpersonal problems, and strengthen social connection.]]

;Scenario

Sam recently moved to a new city to begin university. Although the move was exciting, it also meant leaving close friends and family behind. Over time, Sam began feeling lonely, irritable, and emotionally exhausted. Calls with family became shorter, disagreements with a close friend became more frequent, and Sam started avoiding social activities.

When Sam began interpersonal psychotherapy, it did not focus only on the feelings of sadness. Instead, Sam and the therapist explored how the recent life transition had changed important relationships. Sam began identifying feelings of loneliness and disappointment, communicating needs more clearly, reconnecting with supportive people, and developing new friendships.

As these relationships became more supportive and less stressful, Sam's mood gradually improved. The interpersonal situation had changed, but so had Sam's emotional experience.

{{RoundBoxBottom}}

Emotions do not occur in isolation. They are influenced by relationships, social roles, conflict, loss, belonging, and the availability of [[wikipedia:Social support|social support]]. At the same time, emotional difficulties can influence how people communicate, withdraw from others, interpret interpersonal situations, and respond to conflict. This creates a reciprocal relationship in which interpersonal problems can worsen emotional distress, while emotional distress can further disrupt relationships (Markowitz &amp; Weissman, 2012; Stuart et al., 2024).

[[wikipedia:Interpersonal psychotherapy|Interpersonal psychotherapy]] (IPT) is a structured and time-limited psychological treatment that explicitly focuses on this relationship between emotional symptoms and the person's current interpersonal world. Originally developed for depression, IPT helps people identify an important current interpersonal problem and make practical changes to relationships, communication, social roles, and social support (Lipsitz &amp; Markowitz, 2013).

Rather than assuming that relationships are the only cause of emotional distress, IPT proposes that improving significant interpersonal difficulties can help interrupt cycles between stressful relationships and negative emotional states. This chapter examines how this occurs, with particular attention to four proposed mechanisms: increasing social support, reducing interpersonal stress, facilitating emotional processing, and improving interpersonal skills.

{{RoundBoxTop|theme=11}}
;Focus questions

* What is interpersonal psychotherapy and how does it connect relationships with emotion?
* Which interpersonal problems does IPT target?
* Through which psychological mechanisms can changes in relationships improve emotional wellbeing?
* What does research show about the effectiveness and limitations of IPT?

{{RoundBoxBottom}}

== What is interpersonal psychotherapy? ==
Interpersonal psychotherapy is a focused psychological treatment based on the idea that emotional symptoms occur within an interpersonal context. It was initially developed as a treatment for major depression and has since been adapted for different age groups and psychological conditions (Cuijpers et al., 2016; Markowitz &amp; Weissman, 2012).

IPT does not attempt to change every relationship in a person's life. Instead, therapist and client identify an interpersonal problem that is closely connected to the current emotional difficulty and make this the main focus of treatment. Standard acute IPT for depression is usually time-limited, commonly involving approximately 12 to 16 weekly sessions.

=== The interpersonal perspective ===
IPT was influenced by interpersonal theory, attachment theory, and research examining the relationship between stressful life events, social support, and mental health (Lipsitz &amp; Markowitz, 2013; Stuart et al., 2024).

Its central assumption is reciprocal:

{{RoundBoxTop|theme=13}}

'''Interpersonal difficulty → emotional distress → further interpersonal difficulty'''

For example, conflict may increase sadness and anxiety. Those emotions may then contribute to withdrawal, irritability, avoidance, or ineffective communication, which can create additional conflict.

IPT attempts to interrupt this cycle by improving the interpersonal situation while helping the person understand and communicate emotion more effectively.

{{RoundBoxBottom}}

This perspective is particularly relevant to emotion because feelings such as sadness, anger, guilt, anxiety, and loneliness often contain information about social situations. For example, sadness may occur following loss, anger may signal unresolved conflict, and loneliness may indicate unmet needs for connection. IPT encourages people to recognise these emotions and consider what they communicate about current relationships (Lipsitz &amp; Markowitz, 2013).

=== How IPT is structured ===
IPT generally progresses through an initial, middle, and termination phase. Each phase contributes differently to understanding and changing the relationship between interpersonal experiences and emotion.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+'''Table 1.''' Main phases of interpersonal psychotherapy
!Phase
!Main tasks
!Connection with emotional wellbeing
|-
|'''Initial phase'''
|Identify emotional symptoms, complete an interpersonal inventory, explore important relationships, and select a central interpersonal focus.
|Helps connect emotional distress with significant current relationships and life events.
|-
|'''Middle phase'''
|Work actively on the selected interpersonal problem using emotional exploration, communication analysis, problem-solving, and role-play.
|Provides opportunities to reduce relationship stress, express emotions, and develop more effective interpersonal responses.
|-
|'''Termination phase'''
|Review progress, discuss feelings about ending therapy, consolidate interpersonal skills, and identify strategies for future difficulties.
|Strengthens confidence in maintaining supportive relationships and managing future emotional challenges.
|}

== Which interpersonal problems does IPT target? ==
IPT traditionally organises difficulties into several interpersonal problem areas. Although individual experiences are complex, identifying a central problem gives therapy a clear focus rather than trying to address every possible cause of distress simultaneously (Markowitz &amp; Weissman, 2012).

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+'''Table 2.''' Common IPT interpersonal problem areas
!Problem area
!What it involves
!Example
|-
|'''Grief and loss'''
|Emotional difficulty following the death or significant loss of an important person.
|Someone becomes socially isolated and depressed following the death of a partner.
|-
|'''Role disputes'''
|Conflict caused by different expectations between the person and someone important to them.
|Two partners repeatedly argue because each expects different levels of emotional support.
|-
|'''Role transitions'''
|Difficulty adapting to a major life change that alters identity, responsibilities, or relationships.
|Starting university, becoming a parent, migrating, divorce, retirement, or changing employment.
|-
|'''Interpersonal sensitivities or deficits'''
|Persistent difficulty initiating, maintaining, or feeling secure within relationships.
|A person feels disconnected from others and finds it difficult to form supportive friendships.
|}
These areas are important because they represent situations in which relationships and emotion strongly interact. A role transition, for example, is not only a practical change. It can involve loss of identity, changing expectations, reduced contact with familiar people, and uncertainty about new relationships. Similarly, an interpersonal dispute may repeatedly produce anger, disappointment, rejection, or anxiety.
{{RoundBoxTop|theme=13}}

'''Key point:''' IPT does not simply aim to make a person &quot;more social&quot;. The goal is to identify the interpersonal situation most closely connected to current emotional distress and help the person respond to it more effectively.

{{RoundBoxBottom}}

== How can changes in relationships improve emotional wellbeing? ==
Lipsitz and Markowitz (2013) proposed four major interpersonal mechanisms through which IPT may contribute to psychological improvement. These mechanisms provide a useful framework for answering the central question of this chapter.

=== Enhancing social support ===
[[File:Main_effect_model.png|right|thumb|300x300px|'''Figure 2.''' Social relationships and social support can influence psychological wellbeing.]]

[[wikipedia:Social support|Social support]] refers to emotional, practical, informational, and relational resources available through other people. Strong social connections may provide companionship, reassurance, assistance, validation, and a feeling of belonging.

Emotional distress can weaken access to these resources. A person experiencing depression, for example, may withdraw socially or believe that asking for support will burden others. Interpersonal conflict may also make otherwise available relationships feel unsafe or unreliable.

IPT attempts to strengthen the person's social environment by identifying supportive relationships, repairing important connections where possible, communicating needs more directly, and developing new sources of support. Greater social support may reduce loneliness and provide additional resources for coping with stressful experiences (Lipsitz &amp; Markowitz, 2013).

However, the quality of relationships matters more than simply increasing the number of social contacts. A large network characterised by criticism, rejection, or conflict may provide less emotional protection than a smaller network containing dependable and supportive relationships.

=== Reducing interpersonal stress ===
Relationship conflict can function as an ongoing source of psychological stress. Repeated arguments, unclear expectations, rejection, social isolation, or uncertainty about relationships may maintain negative emotion even after the original stressful event has passed.

IPT attempts to reduce this stress by helping people understand patterns of disagreement, clarify expectations, examine communication, and consider realistic options for changing the situation. In a role dispute, for example, a person may discover that both individuals have been operating with different expectations that were never directly discussed.

Reducing interpersonal stress does not necessarily mean saving every relationship. Sometimes emotional wellbeing may improve through renegotiating a relationship, accepting limits, establishing boundaries, or adjusting to the end of a relationship. The important process is reducing an unresolved interpersonal predicament that repeatedly generates distress (Lipsitz &amp; Markowitz, 2013).

=== Facilitating emotional processing ===
Emotions are central to IPT rather than being treated as distractions from interpersonal problem-solving. Therapy encourages people to identify, tolerate, express, and understand emotions associated with significant relationships.

Consider someone who repeatedly describes conflict with a family member but speaks only about practical disagreements. Further exploration might reveal sadness about feeling unimportant, anger about unmet expectations, or fear of rejection. Identifying these emotions can clarify what the relationship means and what interpersonal need has not been addressed.

Emotional processing can also help people distinguish between experiencing an emotion and acting impulsively because of it. Recognising anger, for example, does not require aggressive behaviour. The emotion can instead provide information that helps the person communicate a concern more clearly.

=== Improving interpersonal skills ===
[[File:Two-people-talking-logo.jpg|right|thumb|220x220px|'''Figure 3.''' IPT uses communication-focused techniques to help people practise more effective ways of interacting.]]

A fourth proposed mechanism is the development of interpersonal skills. Emotional distress can make effective communication difficult, particularly when important relationships involve strong feelings.

IPT can use techniques such as communication analysis and role-play to examine interactions in detail. A therapist might ask what a person intended to communicate, what words were actually used, how the other person responded, and whether the intended message was understood.

Role-play then allows alternative responses to be practised before they are attempted in everyday life. Over time, clearer communication, assertiveness, emotional expression, and conflict-resolution skills may reduce misunderstandings and improve relationship quality.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+'''Table 3.''' Proposed interpersonal mechanisms of emotional change
!Mechanism
!What changes?
!Possible emotional benefit
|-
|'''Enhanced social support'''
|Supportive relationships become more available or accessible.
|Reduced loneliness and greater belonging, reassurance, and coping resources.
|-
|'''Reduced interpersonal stress'''
|Conflict, ambiguity, or unresolved relationship difficulties decrease.
|Less repeated exposure to stressful emotional situations.
|-
|'''Emotional processing'''
|Feelings are identified, understood, tolerated, and communicated.
|Greater emotional clarity and more adaptive responses to difficult feelings.
|-
|'''Improved interpersonal skills'''
|Communication and relationship-management skills become more effective.
|Fewer misunderstandings and greater confidence in managing relationships.
|}

{{Robelbox|theme=11|title=Quiz}}
&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;

&lt;quiz display=&quot;simple&quot;&gt;

{Which statement best represents the central assumption of interpersonal psychotherapy?
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
- Emotional difficulties are caused entirely by irrational thoughts.
- The number of friendships a person has determines their emotional wellbeing.
+ Relationships and emotional symptoms can influence one another, so improving a current interpersonal problem may help reduce emotional distress.
- IPT attempts to analyse every childhood relationship.

{Which of the following is one of the proposed mechanisms of change in IPT?
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
- Avoiding emotional discussion
+ Enhancing social support
- Eliminating all interpersonal disagreement
- Increasing dependence on the therapist

{A person becomes distressed after moving to another country and struggling with changes in identity, friendships, and responsibilities. Which IPT problem area is most relevant?
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
- Grief only
- Interpersonal dispute
+ Role transition
- Cognitive distortion

{Why is communication analysis used in IPT?
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
- To determine who is objectively responsible for an argument
+ To examine how an interaction occurred and identify more effective ways of communicating
- To prevent the person from experiencing strong emotion
- To increase the number of social contacts

&lt;/quiz&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;
{{Robelbox-close}}

== IPT techniques in practice ==
IPT uses several practical techniques to translate its interpersonal framework into change. These techniques are not isolated exercises; they are selected according to the person's central interpersonal problem and emotional experience.

'''Interpersonal inventory''' involves mapping important current relationships and considering their quality, expectations, communication patterns, sources of support, and areas of conflict. This helps identify where interpersonal difficulties and emotional symptoms may be connected.

'''Communication analysis''' examines a specific interaction in detail. It can reveal indirect communication, unspoken expectations, misunderstandings, or differences between what a person intended to communicate and what was actually heard.

'''Role-play''' allows alternative conversations to be rehearsed within therapy. Practising how to express disappointment, request support, establish a boundary, or respond to criticism may increase confidence before attempting the conversation outside therapy.

'''Affect exploration''' focuses attention on the emotions surrounding important interpersonal situations. Rather than discussing relationships only at an intellectual level, the person is encouraged to notice and understand feelings such as grief, anger, fear, shame, or loneliness.

'''Decision analysis and interpersonal problem-solving''' help the person consider realistic options for responding to the interpersonal situation and anticipate possible consequences.

{{RoundBoxTop|theme=3}}
;Reflection exercise

Imagine that a friend repeatedly cancels plans at the last minute. The person begins feeling rejected but never mentions this and instead gradually withdraws from the friendship.

Consider the following:

* What emotion might be communicating an unmet interpersonal need?
* How could avoiding the conversation increase interpersonal stress?
* What could be communicated more directly?
* How might the relationship and emotional experience change if the conversation were handled constructively?

This example illustrates the reciprocal cycle emphasised by IPT: emotion influences interpersonal behaviour, and interpersonal behaviour can subsequently influence emotion.

{{RoundBoxBottom}}

== What does the research show? ==
IPT has a substantial evidence base, particularly for depression. However, there is an important difference between showing that a therapy improves outcomes and demonstrating precisely ''why'' it works. This distinction is especially important when evaluating the claim that relationship changes produce emotional improvement.

=== Depression and emotional symptoms ===
A meta-analysis by Cuijpers et al. (2011) examined 38 studies involving 4,356 participants. IPT produced a significant improvement in depression compared with control conditions, while its effects were broadly comparable with other established psychological treatments.

A later comprehensive meta-analysis examined 90 studies involving 11,434 participants across different mental health problems. IPT demonstrated moderate-to-large effects for acute depression compared with control groups, while differences between IPT and other psychotherapies were relatively small (Cuijpers et al., 2016). A systematic review of individual IPT for adult major depression similarly concluded that IPT is an evidence-supported treatment, although differences between established treatments are not always large (van Hees et al., 2013).

These findings suggest that IPT can reduce emotional symptoms, particularly depression. However, equivalent outcomes across therapies also raise an important theoretical question: if several therapies produce similar symptom improvement using different theoretical explanations, some benefits may involve factors common to psychotherapy rather than uniquely interpersonal mechanisms.

=== Social functioning and relationships ===
Research increasingly examines whether IPT changes interpersonal functioning in addition to symptoms. Bian et al. (2023) reviewed 11 randomised controlled trials and found that IPT improved social functioning and reduced depressive and anxiety symptoms. Effects on broader overall functioning were less clear, and results varied between groups.

This finding supports an important component of IPT theory because treatment appears capable of improving both emotional symptoms and aspects of social functioning. Nevertheless, improvement in two variables does not automatically demonstrate that one caused the other.

Lemmens et al. (2017) directly investigated possible mechanisms in adults receiving either cognitive therapy or IPT for depression. Interpersonal functioning improved more rapidly during IPT, but the study found relatively limited support for the idea that changes occurred exclusively through the mechanisms predicted by each therapy's theoretical model.

More recently, Abapolnikova et al. (2026) examined attachment security as a possible mediator of depression improvement in IPT compared with cognitive behavioural therapy. Attachment security improved, and earlier increases were associated with lower later depression. However, the effect was not unique to IPT because similar change occurred in cognitive behavioural therapy. This suggests that relational improvement may sometimes operate as a broader psychotherapy process rather than an exclusively IPT-specific mechanism.
{{RoundBoxTop|theme=13}}

'''Research caution:''' Evidence that IPT ''works'' is stronger than evidence proving exactly ''how'' it works. Relationship functioning, attachment, social support, and symptoms can improve together, but stronger longitudinal and mediation studies are needed to determine whether interpersonal changes specifically cause later emotional improvement.

{{RoundBoxBottom}}

=== Adolescence and interpersonal development ===
Relationships are especially important during adolescence, when peer belonging, family relationships, identity, and increasing independence can have powerful emotional significance.

Mufson et al. (2004) found that interpersonal psychotherapy adapted for adolescents (IPT-A) was effective for depressed adolescents in school-based settings. A later systematic review and meta-analysis found substantial improvements in depressive symptoms and interpersonal difficulties following IPT-A (Duffy et al., 2019).

However, Duffy et al. (2019) also found that IPT-A was not significantly better than active comparison interventions for improving interpersonal difficulties. This is theoretically important. If interpersonal change is the distinctive pathway through which IPT works, stronger IPT-specific interpersonal effects might be expected. The finding therefore supports the effectiveness of IPT-A while also highlighting uncertainty about its precise mechanisms.

=== Perinatal and postpartum periods ===
Pregnancy and becoming a parent involve major changes in identity, responsibilities, intimate relationships, support networks, and everyday roles. This makes the perinatal period particularly relevant to IPT's concept of role transition.

Sockol's (2018) systematic review and meta-analysis found evidence that IPT can reduce perinatal depression and anxiety while also improving aspects of interpersonal functioning.

More recently, Uncu and Doğan (2026) reviewed nine randomised controlled trials involving 1,269 participants and found that IPT reduced postpartum depressive symptoms compared with routine care. These findings provide contemporary support for applying IPT where emotional distress occurs alongside significant interpersonal and social-role changes.

== Critical evaluation ==
The evidence provides strong support for IPT as a psychological treatment, particularly for depression, but several limitations should be considered when answering the broader question of how relationships improve emotional wellbeing.

First, much of the evidence concerns people experiencing diagnosable depression rather than emotional wellbeing in the general population. Findings about symptom reduction should therefore not automatically be generalised to every form of everyday emotional difficulty.

Second, relationship quality and emotional wellbeing are reciprocal. Improved mood may help people communicate and reconnect with others just as improved relationships may improve mood. Establishing which change occurs first requires repeated measurements across treatment.

Third, many studies compare IPT with waiting lists, usual care, medication, or other psychotherapies. Because psychotherapy cannot usually be blinded in the same way as a medication trial, expectations and common therapeutic processes may influence outcomes.

Fourth, IPT is not equally suitable for every person or interpersonal difficulty. Bernecker et al. (2017) found relatively few consistent patient characteristics that reliably determine who benefits more from IPT than from alternative treatments. Treatment choice therefore requires attention to individual needs, preferences, symptoms, cultural context, and available evidence.

Finally, the proposed interpersonal mechanisms should be viewed as scientifically plausible pathways rather than fully proven causal chains. Mechanism research remains less developed than research demonstrating IPT's clinical effectiveness (Lemmens et al., 2017; Lipsitz &amp; Markowitz, 2013).

== Applying the model: Return to the scenario ==

{{RoundBoxTop|theme=3}}
;Sam's interpersonal change

At the beginning of the chapter, Sam was struggling after moving away from familiar relationships. The transition was followed by loneliness, withdrawal, and increasing conflict.

From an IPT perspective, the move could be understood as a '''role transition'''. Therapy could examine both what had been lost and what the new role required.

As Sam begins reconnecting with existing friends and developing supportive new relationships, '''social support''' increases.

By discussing expectations directly rather than withdrawing after disagreements, '''interpersonal stress''' may decrease.

By recognising loneliness, disappointment, and fear of rejection rather than avoiding these emotions, '''emotional processing''' becomes possible.

Finally, practising clearer requests for support and more direct conversations may strengthen '''interpersonal skills'''.

These changes can reinforce one another. Improved communication may produce more supportive interactions; supportive interactions may reduce loneliness; improved mood may make further social engagement easier. Emotional and interpersonal improvement can therefore develop as a reciprocal process rather than a single one-way cause.

{{RoundBoxBottom}}

== Conclusion ==
Interpersonal psychotherapy explains emotional wellbeing partly through the social context in which emotions occur. Relationships can provide security, belonging, validation, and practical support, but they can also become sources of conflict, rejection, loss, or chronic stress. Because emotional states and relationships influence one another, unresolved interpersonal difficulties can contribute to self-reinforcing cycles of distress.

IPT attempts to interrupt these cycles by identifying a current interpersonal problem and helping the person respond more effectively. Four proposed mechanisms are particularly important: enhancing social support, reducing interpersonal stress, facilitating emotional processing, and improving interpersonal skills (Lipsitz &amp; Markowitz, 2013).

Research provides substantial evidence that IPT can reduce depressive symptoms and can also improve aspects of interpersonal and social functioning (Bian et al., 2023; Cuijpers et al., 2016). Evidence across adolescents and perinatal populations further demonstrates how IPT can be useful when emotional difficulties occur within changing social relationships and roles (Duffy et al., 2019; Uncu &amp; Doğan, 2026).

However, research has not established that every emotional improvement is uniquely caused by relationship change. Interpersonal functioning, attachment, common psychotherapy processes, and symptom change may interact. Therefore, the strongest conclusion is that improving relationships provides a theoretically plausible and empirically supported pathway to emotional improvement, while the precise causal mechanisms remain an important area for further research.

{{RoundBoxTop|theme=11}}

'''Take home message:''' Emotional wellbeing is closely connected with interpersonal life. IPT helps people address relationship problems linked to emotional distress by strengthening support, reducing interpersonal stress, processing emotions, and developing more effective interpersonal skills. Evidence strongly supports IPT's effectiveness for depression, although research is still determining exactly how much of this improvement is specifically caused by changes in relationships.

{{RoundBoxBottom}}

== See also ==

* [[wikipedia:Interpersonal psychotherapy|Interpersonal psychotherapy]] (Wikipedia)
* [[wikipedia:Attachment theory|Attachment theory]] (Wikipedia)
* [[wikipedia:Social support|Social support]] (Wikipedia)
* [[wikipedia:Interpersonal relationship|Interpersonal relationship]] (Wikipedia)
* [[wikipedia:Emotion|Emotion]] (Wikipedia)
* [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2019/Social support and emotion|Social support and emotion]] (Book chapter, 2019)

== References ==
{{Hanging indent|1=

Abapolnikova, M., Coyne, A. E., Glushka, L., Liu, C. J., Constantino, M. J., Atkinson, L. R., Bagby, R. M., Ravitz, P., &amp; McBride, C. (2026). Does attachment change serve as a theory-specific mediator of depression reduction in interpersonal psychotherapy versus cognitive behavioral therapy? ''Psychotherapy Research''. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2026.2656698

Bernecker, S. L., Coyne, A. E., Constantino, M. J., &amp; Ravitz, P. (2017). For whom does interpersonal psychotherapy work? A systematic review. ''Clinical Psychology Review, 56'', 82–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2017.07.001

Bian, C., Zhao, W.-W., Yan, S.-R., Chen, S.-Y., Cheng, Y., &amp; Zhang, Y.-H. (2023). Effect of interpersonal psychotherapy on social functioning, overall functioning and negative emotions for depression: A meta-analysis. ''Journal of Affective Disorders, 320'', 230–240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.119

Cuijpers, P., Donker, T., Weissman, M. M., Ravitz, P., &amp; Cristea, I. A. (2016). Interpersonal psychotherapy for mental health problems: A comprehensive meta-analysis. ''American Journal of Psychiatry, 173''(7), 680–687. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.15091141

Cuijpers, P., Geraedts, A. S., van Oppen, P., Andersson, G., Markowitz, J. C., &amp; van Straten, A. (2011). Interpersonal psychotherapy for depression: A meta-analysis. ''American Journal of Psychiatry, 168''(6), 581–592. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.10101411

Duffy, F., Sharpe, H., &amp; Schwannauer, M. (2019). Review: The effectiveness of interpersonal psychotherapy for adolescents with depression – A systematic review and meta-analysis. ''Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 24''(4), 307–317. https://doi.org/10.1111/camh.12342

Lemmens, L. H. J. M., Galindo-Garre, F., Arntz, A., Peeters, F., Hollon, S. D., DeRubeis, R. J., &amp; Huibers, M. J. H. (2017). Exploring mechanisms of change in cognitive therapy and interpersonal psychotherapy for adult depression. ''Behaviour Research and Therapy, 94'', 81–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2017.05.005

Lipsitz, J. D., &amp; Markowitz, J. C. (2013). Mechanisms of change in interpersonal therapy (IPT). ''Clinical Psychology Review, 33''(8), 1134–1147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2013.09.002

Markowitz, J. C., &amp; Weissman, M. M. (2012). Interpersonal psychotherapy: Past, present and future. ''Clinical Psychology &amp; Psychotherapy, 19''(2), 99–105. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.1774

Mufson, L., Dorta, K. P., Wickramaratne, P., Nomura, Y., Olfson, M., &amp; Weissman, M. M. (2004). A randomized effectiveness trial of interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents. ''Archives of General Psychiatry, 61''(6), 577–584. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.61.6.577

Sockol, L. E. (2018). A systematic review and meta-analysis of interpersonal psychotherapy for perinatal women. ''Journal of Affective Disorders, 232'', 316–328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.01.018

Stuart, S., Schultz, J., Palmer Molina, A., &amp; Siber-Sanderowitz, S. (2024). Interpersonal psychotherapy: A review of theory, history, and evidence of efficacy. ''Psychodynamic Psychiatry, 52''(3), 370–407. https://doi.org/10.1521/pdps.2024.52.3.370

Uncu, B., &amp; Doğan, E. (2026). Effects of interpersonal psychotherapy on postpartum depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. ''Journal of Psychiatric Research, 198'', 165–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.03.038

van Hees, M. L. J. M., Rotter, T., Ellermann, T., &amp; Evers, S. M. A. A. (2013). The effectiveness of individual interpersonal psychotherapy as a treatment for major depressive disorder in adult outpatients: A systematic review. ''BMC Psychiatry, 13'', Article 22. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-13-22}}

== External links ==

* [https://interpersonalpsychotherapy.org/ipt-basics/overview-of-ipt/ Overview of interpersonal psychotherapy] (International Society of Interpersonal Psychotherapy)
* [https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MSD-MER-16.4 Group interpersonal therapy for depression] (World Health Organization)
* [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4109031/ Mechanisms of change in interpersonal therapy] (National Library of Medicine)

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    <title>Wikiversity:Candidates for Interface Adminship/Codename Noreste</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
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      <comment>Format. ([[:m:User:Max/MaxEdit.js|MaxEdit]])</comment>
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      <text bytes="2554" sha1="mhum16mcaadi7x60akxgodehw82zjrw" xml:space="preserve">=== {{user|Codename Noreste}} ===
&lt;!-- State your reasoning below on why you are requesting any permission. Do not add your signature, as it will be automatically added for you. --&gt;
Hello, everyone. Although it is not mentioned by the interface administrator policy, I would like to run for permanent interface administrator permissions (since my temporary IA rights are about to expire). My original stated reasoning was because of the ability to adjust interface pages for dark mode support and to adjust the CSS. However, I am familiar with CSS and I would like to be the first permanent interface administrator on English Wikiversity (to perform technical maintenance). See also [[Wikiversity:Colloquium#Wikiversity talk:Interface administrators#My thoughts about this user group|this discussion]] for context.

I already have 2FA enabled as I hold IA rights on several other projects. Thank you for your consideration. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 16:53, 7 September 2026 (UTC)
: I think we would first need a change to policy which currently only allows for 14 to 120 day IA periods.
: Could you summarise recent changes you've made to the en.wv interface?
: And what future changes are you planning on making to the en.wv interface? -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 23:54, 7 September 2026 (UTC)
:: When I became an interface administrator (prior to being a custodian), I edited several interface messages to adjust for dark mode support. I initially planned to edit the CSS page by removing outdated code and moving the CSS import code (&lt;code&gt;@import url&lt;/code&gt;) to common.css itself, but I didn't have time to do that due to commitments in real life and in other projects. Now that I have that time here, I am willing to perform maintenance on CSS. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 13:43, 8 September 2026 (UTC)
::: I forgot to mention this, but since I proposed an amendment to the IA policy, another maximum extension would be fine. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 13:44, 8 September 2026 (UTC)

==== Comments/questions ====

==== Votes ====
:{{support}} [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 00:20, 14 September 2026 (UTC)</text>
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      <comment>/* Re: welcome message */ new section</comment>
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      <text bytes="2807" sha1="jq2ev0w906bsdpb5wi3m5oc6r7zehaa" xml:space="preserve">{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|User talk||{{error|Error: substitution required. Use &lt;nowiki&gt;{{subst:Welcomeip}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; instead.}}[[Category:Template substitution errors]]&lt;div style=&quot;display:none;&quot;&gt;}}{{Robelbox|theme=9|title=Welcome!|width=100%}}
&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
Hello, and [[Wikiversity:Welcome, newcomers|welcome]] to [[Wikiversity]]. Thank you for your contributions.

Currently, you are [[Help:Editing|editing]] without a permanent account. You can continue to do so, as you are not required to log in to Wikiversity to read and edit articles; however, logging in will result in a username being shown instead of a temporary account (which will expire 90 days after first edit). Logging in does not require any personal details, and there are many other '''[[Wikiversity:Why create an account|benefits for logging in]]'''.

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The [[Wikiversity:Introduction|Introduction]] is a good place to start learning about Wikiversity. For now, if you are stuck, you can ask a question on {{#if:|[[user talk:{{{1}}}|my Talk page]]|my Talk page}}. I will answer your questions as far as I can! Thank you again for contributing to Wikiversity. -- -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 21:40, 13 September 2026 (UTC)
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== Re: welcome message ==
Hi @[[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]],

Thank you for the friendly '''[[Wikiversity:Welcome, newcomers|welcome]] to [[Wikiversity]].'''

I tried to post a reply to the message above by clicking the three dots after the '''Reply''' at the bottom of the welcome box. I had expected to get a reply box in which to post my  reply but instead I got a clickable icon that said: '''Copy link''' (with what looked like a depiction of a chain).

Here is what twas in my clipboard after I clicked the '''Copy link''' button : 

* [[User talk:~2026-40514-81#c-Jtneill-20260913214000]]

I hope I am making sense?


[[Special:Contributions/~2026-40514-81|~2026-40514-81]] ([[User talk:~2026-40514-81|talk]]) 18:31, 14 September 2026 (UTC)</text>
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      <comment>/* Re: welcome message */ reply: Sorry, not sure; seems to work OK for me. (-) ([[mw:c:Special:MyLanguage/User:JWBTH/CD|CD]])</comment>
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&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
Hello, and [[Wikiversity:Welcome, newcomers|welcome]] to [[Wikiversity]]. Thank you for your contributions.

Currently, you are [[Help:Editing|editing]] without a permanent account. You can continue to do so, as you are not required to log in to Wikiversity to read and edit articles; however, logging in will result in a username being shown instead of a temporary account (which will expire 90 days after first edit). Logging in does not require any personal details, and there are many other '''[[Wikiversity:Why create an account|benefits for logging in]]'''.

When you edit pages:

* Please [[Wikiversity:Copyrights|respect others' copyrights]]; do not copy and paste the contents from webpages directly.
* Please use a [[Wikiversity:Disclosures|neutral point of view]] when editing articles.
* If you are testing, please use the [[Wikiversity:Sandbox|Sandbox]] to &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity:Sandbox&amp;action=edit do so].&lt;/span&gt; 
* Do not add unreasonable contents into any [[Wikiversity:Browse|articles]], such as copyrighted text, advertisement messages, and text that is not related to an areas's subject. Adding such content or editing articles maliciously is considered [[Wikiversity:Blocking policy|vandalism]].

The [[Wikiversity:Introduction|Introduction]] is a good place to start learning about Wikiversity. For now, if you are stuck, you can ask a question on {{#if:|[[user talk:{{{1}}}|my Talk page]]|my Talk page}}. I will answer your questions as far as I can! Thank you again for contributing to Wikiversity. -- -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 21:40, 13 September 2026 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
{{Robelbox/close}}
{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|User talk||&lt;/div&gt;}}

== Re: welcome message ==
Hi @[[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]],

Thank you for the friendly '''[[Wikiversity:Welcome, newcomers|welcome]] to [[Wikiversity]].'''

I tried to post a reply to the message above by clicking the three dots after the '''Reply''' at the bottom of the welcome box. I had expected to get a reply box in which to post my  reply but instead I got a clickable icon that said: '''Copy link''' (with what looked like a depiction of a chain).

Here is what twas in my clipboard after I clicked the '''Copy link''' button : 

* [[User talk:~2026-40514-81#c-Jtneill-20260913214000]]

I hope I am making sense?


[[Special:Contributions/~2026-40514-81|~2026-40514-81]] ([[User talk:~2026-40514-81|talk]]) 18:31, 14 September 2026 (UTC)
: Sorry, not sure; seems to work OK for me. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 21:07, 14 September 2026 (UTC)</text>
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== Licensing ==
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== Licensing ==
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== Licensing ==
{{self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-4.0,3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0}}</text>
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      <comment>Ni!</comment>
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&lt;div style=&quot;margin: 2em;&quot;&gt;
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searchbuttonlabel=🔍
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The ‘’'Cortext platform'‘’ is a research infrastructure specializing in computational methods for the humanities and social sciences. Its goal is to provide researchers with computational analysis tools that are conceptually appropriate and user-friendly, typically to support qualitative research, document analysis, or field surveys, and in particular for processing corpora derived from their projects or related databases.

* [https://www.cortext.net/ Website]

== Projects on Wikiversity ==
* [[/Refactoring/Network Mapping|Refactoring Network Mapping]]</text>
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'''Cortext''' is a research infrastructure specializing in computational methods for the humanities and social sciences. Its goal is to provide researchers with computational analysis tools that are conceptually appropriate and user-friendly, typically to support qualitative research, document analysis, or field surveys, and in particular for processing corpora derived from their projects or related databases.

* [https://www.cortext.net/ Website]

== Projects on Wikiversity ==
* [[/Refactoring/Network Mapping|Refactoring Network Mapping]]</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;== Journal ==  === September 14th === Discussed the [https://gitlab.com/cortext/cortext-methods/network-mapping/-/tree/test/init_tests tests implemented by Pierre]. Not all parameter combinations make sense. Good idea of his to generate many tests and keep those that run correctly.  Started this journal!  Need to understand what parts of the code to refactor: different folders, libraries etc.&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="395" sha1="24t0xv2zoj6o3n5osq1cbmtv00usxhw" xml:space="preserve">== Journal ==

=== September 14th ===
Discussed the [https://gitlab.com/cortext/cortext-methods/network-mapping/-/tree/test/init_tests tests implemented by Pierre]. Not all parameter combinations make sense. Good idea of his to generate many tests and keep those that run correctly.

Started this journal!

Need to understand what parts of the code to refactor: different folders, libraries etc.</text>
      <sha1>24t0xv2zoj6o3n5osq1cbmtv00usxhw</sha1>
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    <revision>
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      <text bytes="559" sha1="mnvj05j51cnhahkz1t0lgzcs1xqzjpl" xml:space="preserve">Repositories: [https://gitlab.com/cortext/cortext-methods/network-mapping current code], [https://gitlab.com/cortext/cortext-methods/cortext-methods full history]

== Journal ==

=== September 14th ===
Discussed the [https://gitlab.com/cortext/cortext-methods/network-mapping/-/tree/test/init_tests tests implemented by Pierre]. Not all parameter combinations make sense. Good idea of his to generate many tests and keep those that run correctly.

Started this journal!

Need to understand what parts of the code to refactor: different folders, libraries etc.</text>
      <sha1>mnvj05j51cnhahkz1t0lgzcs1xqzjpl</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>2833179</id>
      <parentid>2833172</parentid>
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      <contributor>
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      <comment>/* Journal */</comment>
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      <text bytes="723" sha1="apiiit2w3t1ktijad2j9l55mdxt51zz" xml:space="preserve">Repositories: [https://gitlab.com/cortext/cortext-methods/network-mapping current code], [https://gitlab.com/cortext/cortext-methods/cortext-methods full history]

== Journal ==

=== September 14th ===
Discussed the [https://gitlab.com/cortext/cortext-methods/network-mapping/-/tree/test/init_tests tests implemented by Pierre]. Not all parameter combinations make sense. Good idea of his to generate many tests and keep those that run correctly.

Started this journal!

What parts of the code not to refactor: get &lt;code&gt;parasite_axes&lt;/code&gt; from [https://matplotlib.org/ matplotlib], &lt;code&gt;infomap&lt;/code&gt; from [https://mapequation.org/ infomap], leave &lt;code&gt;sankey&lt;/code&gt; as is, &lt;code&gt;library&lt;/code&gt; is possibly dead code.</text>
      <sha1>apiiit2w3t1ktijad2j9l55mdxt51zz</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>2833181</id>
      <parentid>2833179</parentid>
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      <contributor>
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      <text bytes="791" sha1="mjdn6vr1qxznhu2tzf0k12nv5yzfotf" xml:space="preserve">Repositories: [https://gitlab.com/cortext/cortext-methods/network-mapping current code], [https://gitlab.com/cortext/cortext-methods/cortext-methods full history]

Previous efforts: Multi (see pad); containerization (current code)

== Journal ==

=== September 14th ===
Discussed the [https://gitlab.com/cortext/cortext-methods/network-mapping/-/tree/test/init_tests tests implemented by Pierre]. Not all parameter combinations make sense. Good idea of his to generate many tests and keep those that run correctly.

Started this journal!

What parts of the code not to refactor: get &lt;code&gt;parasite_axes&lt;/code&gt; from [https://matplotlib.org/ matplotlib], &lt;code&gt;infomap&lt;/code&gt; from [https://mapequation.org/ infomap], leave &lt;code&gt;sankey&lt;/code&gt; as is, &lt;code&gt;library&lt;/code&gt; is possibly dead code.</text>
      <sha1>mjdn6vr1qxznhu2tzf0k12nv5yzfotf</sha1>
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      <id>2833183</id>
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      <contributor>
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      <comment>/* September 14th */</comment>
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      <text bytes="938" sha1="kq9etciuv8x0seay7g9n2efn0i6xw8n" xml:space="preserve">Repositories: [https://gitlab.com/cortext/cortext-methods/network-mapping current code], [https://gitlab.com/cortext/cortext-methods/cortext-methods full history]

Previous efforts: Multi (see pad); containerization (current code)

== Journal ==

=== September 14th ===
Discussed the [https://gitlab.com/cortext/cortext-methods/network-mapping/-/tree/test/init_tests tests implemented by Pierre]. Not all parameter combinations make sense. Good idea of his to generate many tests and keep those that run correctly.

Another take away from Pierre's work: must refactor uses of &lt;code&gt;random&lt;/code&gt; to mock during testing before converting to &lt;code&gt;python3&lt;/code&gt;.

Started this journal!

What parts of the code not to refactor: get &lt;code&gt;parasite_axes&lt;/code&gt; from [https://matplotlib.org/ matplotlib], &lt;code&gt;infomap&lt;/code&gt; from [https://mapequation.org/ infomap], leave &lt;code&gt;sankey&lt;/code&gt; as is, &lt;code&gt;library&lt;/code&gt; is possibly dead code.</text>
      <sha1>kq9etciuv8x0seay7g9n2efn0i6xw8n</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>2833185</id>
      <parentid>2833183</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-14T14:59:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Solstag</username>
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      <text bytes="1202" sha1="a8d1gym442s7k5ezz9pxi2ywdjdwkkv" xml:space="preserve">Repositories: [https://gitlab.com/cortext/cortext-methods/network-mapping current code], [https://gitlab.com/cortext/cortext-methods/cortext-methods full history]

Previous efforts: containerization ([https://gitlab.com/cortext/cortext-methods/network-mapping current code]), multi (see pad)

Production state: [https://gitlab.com/cortext/cortext-methods/cortext-methods legacy code]

Method documentation: [https://docs.cortext.net/analysis-mapping-heterogeneous-networks/ at docs.cortext.net]

== Journal ==

=== September 14th ===
Discussed the [https://gitlab.com/cortext/cortext-methods/network-mapping/-/tree/test/init_tests tests implemented by Pierre]. Not all parameter combinations make sense. Good idea of his to generate many tests and keep those that run correctly.

Another take away from Pierre's work: must refactor uses of &lt;code&gt;random&lt;/code&gt; to mock during testing before converting to &lt;code&gt;python3&lt;/code&gt;.

Started this journal!

What parts of the code not to refactor: get &lt;code&gt;parasite_axes&lt;/code&gt; from [https://matplotlib.org/ matplotlib], &lt;code&gt;infomap&lt;/code&gt; from [https://mapequation.org/ infomap], leave &lt;code&gt;sankey&lt;/code&gt; as is, &lt;code&gt;library&lt;/code&gt; is possibly dead code.</text>
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== Licensing ==
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== Licensing ==
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== Licensing ==
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== Licensing ==
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== Licensing ==
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== Licensing ==
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== Licensing ==
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{{Information
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|Source={{own|Young1lim}}
|Date=2026-09-14
|Author=Young W. Lim
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== Licensing ==
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  <page>
    <title>User talk:Ckopplemann</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>332050</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2833219</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-14T22:05:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Welcome</comment>
      <origin>2833219</origin>
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      <text bytes="2332" sha1="ic0104gifm9s6fjwxdp8069t911r99p" xml:space="preserve">==Welcome==
{{Robelbox|theme=9|title='''[[Wikiversity:Welcome|Welcome]] to [[Wikiversity:What is Wikiversity|Wikiversity]],  Ckopplemann!'''|width=100%}}
&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
You can [[Wikiversity:Contact|contact us]] with [[Wikiversity:Questions|questions]] at the [[Wikiversity:Colloquium|colloquium]] or get in touch with [[User talk:Jtneill|me personally]] if you would like some [[Help:Contents|help]].

Remember to [[Wikiversity:Signature#How to add your signature|sign]] your comments when [[Wikiversity:Who are Wikiversity participants?|participating]] in [[Wikiversity:Talk page|discussions]]. Using the signature icon [[File:OOjs UI icon signature-ltr.svg]] makes it simple.

We invite you to [[Wikiversity:Be bold|be bold]] and [[Wikiversity|assume good faith]]. Please abide by our [[Wikiversity:Civility|civility]], [[Wikiversity:Privacy policy|privacy]], and [[Foundation:Terms of Use|terms of use]] policies.

To find your way around, check out:
&lt;!-- The Left column --&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;width:50.0%; float:left&quot;&gt;
* [[Wikiversity:Introduction|Introduction to Wikiversity]]
* [[Help:Guides|Take a guided tour]] and learn [[Help:Editing|how to edit]]
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* [[Wikiversity:Introduction explore|Explore]] links in left-hand navigation menu
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- The Right column --&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;width:50.0%; float:left&quot;&gt;

* Read an [[Wikiversity:Wikiversity teachers|introduction for teachers]]
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br clear=&quot;both&quot;/&gt;

To get started, experiment in the [[wikiversity:sandbox|sandbox]] or on [[special:mypage|your userpage]].

See you around Wikiversity! ---- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 22:05, 14 September 2026 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Template:Welcome --&gt;
{{Robelbox/close}}</text>
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    <title>User:Wheatley2</title>
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    <redirect title="User:Madéquis" />
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      <timestamp>2026-09-14T22:14:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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      <comment>Mfield moved page [[User:Wheatley2]] to [[User:Madéquis]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user &quot;[[Special:CentralAuth/Wheatley2|Wheatley2]]&quot; to &quot;[[Special:CentralAuth/Madéquis|Madéquis]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="28" sha1="hvxfnzwgrn3wttgnu1vyrk7f5dkdcor" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[User:Madéquis]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Category:Earthinators</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-14T23:37:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;'''See''': [[Earthinators]]   {{Automatic category TOC}}&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="56" sha1="40xoetkgs8cbodjb66oi4ouzl106zz4" xml:space="preserve">'''See''': [[Earthinators]] 

{{Automatic category TOC}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Category:Earthinators Climate School</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>2833236</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-15T00:36:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Earthinators</username>
        <id>3102737</id>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;'''See''': [[Earthinators]]   {{Automatic category TOC}} [[Category:Earthinators]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="82" sha1="0sq7nfi6ecwjcgztvq1bw6zwinhrcts" xml:space="preserve">'''See''': [[Earthinators]] 

{{Automatic category TOC}}
[[Category:Earthinators]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Category:Motivation and emotion/Emotion/Empathy</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
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    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-15T00:45:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;[[Category:Motivation and emotion/Emotion]]&quot;</comment>
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  <page>
    <title>Debt</title>
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    <redirect title="Debt and money markets" />
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      <id>2833243</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-15T02:57:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Michael Ten</username>
        <id>654933</id>
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      <comment>#REDIRECT [[Debt and money markets]]</comment>
      <origin>2833243</origin>
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      <text bytes="36" sha1="rfteuha3jegdwz28g6u4cysm6ggwuoq" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Debt and money markets]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Talk:Motivation and emotion/Book/2026/Pleasure anticipation and dopamine</title>
    <ns>1</ns>
    <id>332056</id>
    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-15T03:16:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
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      <comment>Topic development feedback</comment>
      <origin>2833248</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="6313" sha1="6scdmdd1zzr4mcxge23yfa8esafxf10" xml:space="preserve">&lt;!-- Official topic development feedback --&gt;
{{METF/2026
|1=
&lt;!-- Title --&gt;
# Title correctly worded; grammatical error in sub-title (fixed)
&lt;!-- 2-level --&gt;
# Excellent – Well developed [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|2-level heading structure]]. Meaningful headings clearly relate directly to the core topic.

&lt;!-- Alignment with focus questions --&gt;
# Insufficient alignment between sub-title, focus questions, and top-level headings
&lt;!-- GenAI ---&gt;
# Are the headings based on [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI content]]? If so, this needs to be acknowledged in the edit summaries, otherwise it violates academic integrity.
|3=
&lt;!-- Overview--&gt;
# Good
&lt;!-- GenAI ---&gt;
# Does this section include [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI content]]? If so, it needs to be acknowledged as such in the edit summaries, otherwise it violates academic integrity.
&lt;!-- Scenario --&gt;
# The scenario is promising, but adapt it to make it more relatable to a wider international audience; university students represent only around 3% of the world's population
# I increased the image size to make it easier to interpret
&lt;!-- Description --&gt;
# A promising description of the problem/topic is planned or presented
# What are the most relevant psychological theories?
# Simplify/abbreviate the description of the problem/topic. Move detail into subsequent sections.
# This section suggests 4 questions; consolidate and integrate these questions into the focus question section. Ensure alignment between the sub-title, the focus questions, and the top-level headings.
&lt;!-- Focus questions --&gt;
&lt;!-- Alignment and quality --&gt;
# Develop closer alignment between the sub-title, focus questions, and top-level headings
&lt;!-- Other --&gt;
# Use open- rather then close-ended focus questions
# Use single- rather than double-barrelled focus questions
# Use bullet-points (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
# Present focus questions in a feature box at the end of this section
|4=
&lt;!-- Key points--&gt;
&lt;!-- Overall --&gt;
# Excellent – key points are well developed for each section
&lt;!-- Scope --&gt;
# The scope is about right, but it may be that all planned aspects cannot be reasonably covered within the book chapter word count; in that case, be selective and concentrate on key aspects that address the question in the sub-title. For example, the sections about sex, gambling, and drug use could instead be presented as feature boxes as practical examples.
&lt;!-- Writing style --&gt;
# The writing style is clear and easy to follow
&lt;!-- Theory and research --&gt;
# Promising balance of theory and research
# Consider using [https://support.studiosity.com/en/articles/489263-writing-feedback-how-it-works Studiosity Writing Feedback+] via UCLearn or a similar writing-support service (e.g., Grammarly) to improve the quality of written expression and check for grammatical and spelling errors in the book chapter draft.
&lt;!-- GenAI ---&gt;
# Do these key points include [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI content]]? If so, this needs to be acknowledged in the edit summaries, otherwise it violates academic integrity.
&lt;!-- Conclusion --&gt;
# Conclusion is underway
# What are the practical, take-home messages? (address the focus questions)
|5=
&lt;!-- Figure --&gt;
# Relevant figure(s) are presented and captioned
&lt;!-- Caption --&gt;
# Figure caption(s) provide(s) a reasonably clear description that is connected with the main text
# Figure caption(s) should include '''Figure X'''. [bold] ... (fixed)
&lt;!-- Cite --&gt;
# Cite each figure at least once in the main text using APA style (e.g., see Figure 1)
&lt;!-- Size --&gt;
# Consider increasing image size(s) (especially if they have text) to make them easier to view (fixed)
|6=
&lt;!-- Learning feature --&gt;
&lt;!-- Interwiki links ---&gt;
# Add in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] for first mention of key terms to [[w:|Wikipedia]] and/or [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]] (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
&lt;!-- Scenarios/examples/case studies --&gt;
# Consider incorporating additional scenarios, examples, or case studies to illustrate key concepts. These could build on the Overview scenario or introduce new real-world situations in the main body of the chapter to demonstrate how the concepts apply in practice.
&lt;!-- Quiz --&gt;
# Promising use of quiz question(s)
# Place each quiz question in the most relevant section
# Focus the quiz question(s) on the take-home messages
&lt;!-- Tables --&gt;
# Also consider using [[Motivation and emotion/Wikiversity/Tables|table(s)]] to summarise key information
|7=
&lt;!-- References --&gt;
&lt;!-- Overall --&gt;
# Excellent
&lt;!-- Systematic reviews --&gt;
# What are the most relevant systematic reviews/meta-analyses about this topic?
|8=
&lt;!-- Resources --&gt;
&lt;!-- See also --&gt;
# See also
## One of two link types provided
### Also link to relevant [[w:|Wikipedia]] pages
## Use [[w:Letter case#Sentence casing|sentence casing]]
## Use alphabetical order
&lt;!-- External links --&gt;
# External links
## Basic
## Link to the most relevant external resources about this topic
|9=
&lt;!-- User page --&gt;
# Excellent
&lt;!-- Description about self --&gt;
# Excellent description about self provided
&lt;!-- Links to profile(s) --&gt;
# Link(s) provided to professional profile(s)
&lt;!-- Link to book chapter --&gt;
# A link to the book chapter is provided
|10=
&lt;!-- Social contribution --&gt;
# One out of three types of contributions made with direct link(s) to evidence. The other types of contribution are making:
#* direct improvements to other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters (past or current)]]
#* comments on the [[Help:Talk page|talk page]]s of other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters (past or current)]]
# To add direct links to evidence of Wikiversity edits or comments: view the page history, select the version of the page before and after your contributions, click &quot;compare selected revisions&quot;, and paste the comparison URL on your user page. For more info, see [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Making and summarising social contributions|Making and summarising social contributions]]. This was demonstrated in [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing#Social contributions|Tutorial 2]].
}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Category:Voice Acting</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-15T03:40:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;[[Category:Acting]]&quot;</comment>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>added [[Category:Life skills]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
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[[Category:Life skills]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Media literacy and why you should care</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <comment>create</comment>
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      <text bytes="31737" sha1="lx4a7s6pdvv2otxqtbz1i78e3y1ond5" xml:space="preserve">:''This discusses a 2026-09-03 conversation between [[w:Nolan Higdon|Nolan Higdon]] and Spencer Graves&lt;ref name=Graves&gt;&lt;!--Spencer Graves--&gt;{{cite Q|Q56452480}}&lt;/ref&gt; about media literacy and why you should care, including a video and 29:00 mm:ss podcast excerpted from the interview. The podcast is released 2026-10-03 to the [[w:Fortnight|fortnightly]] &quot;Media &amp; Democracy&quot; show&lt;ref name=M&amp;D&gt;&lt;!--Media &amp; Democracy--&gt;{{cite Q|Q127839818}}&lt;/ref&gt; syndicated for the [[w:Pacifica Foundation|Pacifica Radio]] Network&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Pacifica Radio Network--&gt;{{cite Q|Q2045587}}&lt;/ref&gt; of [[w:List of Pacifica Radio stations and affiliates|over 200 community radio stations]].''&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--list of Pacifica Radio stations and affiliates--&gt;{{cite Q|Q6593294}}&lt;/ref&gt;

:''It is posted here to invite others to contribute other perspectives, subject to the Wikimedia rules of [[w:Wikipedia:Neutral point of view|writing from a neutral point of view]] while [[w:Wikipedia:Citing sources|citing credible sources]]&lt;ref name=NPOV&gt;The rules of writing from a neutral point of view citing credible sources may not be enforced on other parts of Wikiversity. However, they can facilitate dialog between people with dramatically different beliefs.&lt;/ref&gt; and treating others with respect.''&lt;ref name=AGF&gt;[[Wikiversity:Assume good faith|Wikiversity asks contributors to assume good faith]], similar to Wikipedia. The rule in [[w:Wikinews|Wikinews]] was different: Contributors there were asked to [[Wikinews:Never assume|&quot;Don't assume things; be skeptical about everything.&quot;]] That's wise. However, we should still treat others with respect while being skeptical.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;!--[[File:Media literacy and why you should care.webm|thumb|2026-09-03 conversation between [[w:Nolan Higdon|Nolan Higdon]] and Spencer Graves about media literacy and why you should care.]]--&gt;
&lt;!--[[File:Media literacy and why you should care.ogg|thumb|29:00 mm:ss excerpts from a 2026-09-03 conversation between [[w:Nolan Higdon|Nolan Higdon]] and Spencer Graves about media literacy and why you should care.]]--&gt;

[[w:Nolan Higdon|Nolan Higdon]] and Spencer Graves&lt;ref name=Graves/&gt; discuss media literacy and why you should care. Higdon is a prolific author and media critic, [[Let's agree to disagree and seek common ground|interviewed 2026-05-29 for this &quot;Media &amp; Democracy&quot; series.]] 

== Highlights == 

:''These excerpts from the interview are rushed, lightly edited for readability, and may not be in final form. The ultimate authority on what was said is the accompanying video.''

=== How to market media literacy? ===

Graves' key question is how to market media literacy? 

Robin Andersen, [[Media and war|interviewed for &quot;Media &amp; Democracy&quot; 2026-03-27]], noted that experts have been trying to promote media literacy for years -- decades -- without making rapid progress.&lt;ref&gt;[[Yonty Friesem on media education|Yonty Friesem, interviewed for &quot;Media &amp; Democracy&quot; 2026-07-31,]] described the work of the &lt;!--Media Education Lab--&gt;{{cite Q|Q140686986}}, which is an international &quot;online community that advances the field of digital and media literacy education through leadership development, scholarship, and community engagement&quot;, founded in 2003.&lt;/ref&gt; Graves, Andersen, and [[Peace Economy Project|Canyon]] collaborated in recent workshops on &quot;[[How to expose media lies and have fun doing it]]&quot;. Graves suggested that we might make faster progress with media literacy with a clear, concise and compelling answer to the key [[w:Marketing|Marketing]] question: 

:''What's in it for me?''

for substantial portions of humanity. Higdon replied, {{quote|

I think it's a fabulous question. It's really important, because I do think so many of us, myself included, who are advocates for media literacy, skip &quot;what you're going to get from it.&quot; ... 

One of the things we often point to is the betterment of democracy, which I think serves all people. People can be more informed. They can get more verifiable information. They can have better informed perspectives to participate in their democracy. ... 

Also, especially in the United States, but this is true elsewhere, the economy depends increasingly on utilizing these tools or integrating these tools, being able to both use them and really understand their opportunities and limits. ... 

Tech has made it easier to bamboozle or scam people. ... So-called [[w:Artificial intelligence|AI]] can copy someone's voice. We've had scams where people are called by what they think is a loved one asking for ransom money.&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--What is a family emergency scam?--&gt;{{cite Q|Q141456816}}&lt;/ref&gt; You need to be aware that AI can do these kinds of things and know how to detect it to protect yourself from scams. ...

We are up against some powerful interests that oppose media literacy: Corporate America, the media companies, particularly [[w:Big Tech|Big Tech]]. They support media literacy so long as it's education that creates more loyal consumers. They don't want one that actually challenges the status quo. They have tried to move in and co-opt media literacy away from those of us who want to make it really an education about challenging power, not aligning yourself with it.

Combined with that, ... where in schools does media literacy belong? Is it in every class across the curriculum? Is it a standalone course? If so, who's going to train the teachers to be able to do it? ...}}

Graves replied, &quot;[[Media literacy to dispel myths and improve public policy|Bill Yousman, one of your professional colleagues whom I interviewed]], said it needs to be in K through 12. We need to start by asking kindergarteners about the difference between the advertisements for a toy and what it actually does when it gets out of the box?&quot;

Higdon agreed. &quot;That's a great analogy. There's a myth that those of us who are critical about media hate media. Nothing could be further from the truth. We all love media. We get pleasure from media. We get education from media. We get entertainment from media. ... We're just asking people to have a critical brain about it.&quot; 

Graves said, {{quote|

The key motivational message for me is, 

:''Primary drivers of every major conflict include differences between the media or between interpretations that the different parties find credible.''

The key point of a couple of [[How to expose media lies and have fun doing it|workshops that I did with Robin Andersen and Katerina Canyon]] of the [[Peace Economy Project]] was to encourage participants to recognize this and recognize also that the major media want you to get angry at the designated evil others. A key trick then is just to relax and accept the others where they are and try to engage them in friendly, supportive conversations: &quot;Yeah, I understand you believe that, but our designated enemies or your designated opposition think otherwise because of differences in the media or differences in interpretation. Can we talk about those?&quot;}}

Higdon replied, {{quote|

Yeah. I think you're talking about an overlap that's critically important. 

The reason why journalism or a free press is protected under the US Constitution and subsequent judicial decisions is because they're supposed to inform the public, so the public can make informed decisions about how they participate in their democracy. How do I vote? How do I protest? You know, which side do I align with?

But as you point out, they've been so co-opted by corporate and political interests, that is corporate media, they've been so co-opted by social media platforms as well that they try and tell you what to think versus giving you the information you can use for how to think. 

Media literacy is about deconstructing the two.

There is honest reporting at [[w:Fox News|Fox News]]. There's honest reporting at [[w:MS NOW|MS NOW]], but MS NOW is going to frame that honest reporting in a way that benefits Democrats. Fox is going to do the same for Republicans, and a media savvy person is going to be able to understand that.

Also, their money, i.e., that of corporate news media and corporate digital platforms like social media, search engines and AI, comes from audiences' attention, your eyeballs, giving them data: They want to keep you hooked on the screen. And one of the ways to do that is outrage.&lt;ref&gt;[[Facebook whistleblower Frances Haugen says|Facebook whistleblower Frances Haugen]], interviewed for &quot;Media &amp; Democracy&quot; 2024-08-19, said, &quot;The shortest path to a click is anger or hate.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; 

And one of the simplest resistance things you can do is just not care: I can't be outraged about everything. ... 

What is it that you really care about? What issues actually animate you? Which ones are you signaling so you can look like you're with the tribe versus which ones you actually care about in your lived experience? And I would encourage people to spend your time with media that are speaking to those issues versus these things that don't really impact your life.}} 

Graves added, &quot;But also recognize that you could be misled.&quot;

=== You can't be an expert on everything ===

Higdon responded, {{quote|

Right now, there's a some discussion about China and Taiwan, for example. Everyone all of a sudden overnight became an expert on China and Taiwan. They think they know. ... 

Or [[w:Postpartum depression|postpartum depression]] right now with the [[w:Killing of the Clancy children|trial of Lindsay Clancy]]. Everyone has an opinion. ... 

Why weren't you talking about those issues before the media covered them? It's because the media told you it was important. Now you're paying attention. ...

If you have that power to draw people's attention, and you abuse that power as happened in places like Nazi Germany, it's very easy to mobilize people to do things that were previously seen as just out of the bounds of acceptable society.}}

Graves responded, &quot;My experience in the military made a made me a compulsive fact checker. When I'm working on something and thinking about something and writing something, I think 'What can I find about folks who believe differently? What do they say? And what evidence is there to support one side over the other?'&quot;

Higdon replied, {{quote|

That's being a media literate person. ... 

We have an interesting accountability mechanism for the press in the United States that doesn't work really well. The First Amendment ... gives them a long leash to say whatever they want for good reason. The problem is the safety mechanism we have to make sure they report truth is supposedly they're in competition with each other, and if one of them makes a mistake, the other one will correct them and embarrass them. They'll avoid mistakes because they don't want that kind of reputational damage to their brand. 

That worked better when we had hundreds of news media owners. We're down to about five. We're down to about five digital platform owners.}}

Graves added, &quot;Plus millions or billions of individuals, because everybody with a cell phone becomes a journalist.&quot; 

Higdon agreed. {{quote|

Yeah. The wealthy 10 only talk to and about each other. They rarely fact check each other, because they're in the same elite circles.

Independent media challenges big media all the time, but big media doesn't cover it. So unless you're following that small media outlet, you won't know about it. ...

To give you an example, most folks will remember [[w:George Santos|George Santos]], who was a congressman from New York, who lied about his entire biography. Things like saying he was gay when he wasn't, saying military service when he wasn't, holding these jobs and degrees that he didn't have. And the national press covered him. He made it to office. Some people thought he was a symbol of the progress of the [[w:LGBTQ people|LGBTQ+]] community. It was all nonsense. And then he got exposed.

All the local newspapers, the small outlets, were reporting ... behind a paywall. And the big press didn't pay for the local newspapers. The big press didn't investigate Santos, and he made it all the way to US Congress off of that. 

That's an example of how important independents and local media are.}}

=== Renée DiResta ===

Graves then recalled, {{quote|

[[Managing the good and the evils of social media|I recently interviewed]] [[w:Renée DiResta|Renée DiResta]], who's got a book out on ''Invisible rulers'',&lt;ref&gt;DiResta (2026).&lt;/ref&gt; documented especially how [[w:Influencer|social media influencers]] make money from promoting blatant lies threatening democracy, world peace, and broadly shared peace and prosperity. She got invited to create, found the [[w:Stanford Internet Observatory|Stanford Internet Observatory]], documenting blatant lies on vaccinations. During the 2020 election campaign, all year leading up to the November election, Republican influencers were complaining about how terrible the election procedures were. So it was easy for Trump to claim that the election had been stolen from him. 

She got sued. She got subpoenaed after the Republicans regained control of the House. She got subpoenaed and sued with frivolous lawsuits and ran up a bill of $7 million in legal fees. ...}}

Higdon replied, {{quote|

Renée DeResta: I like a lot of her work ... . But about 10 years ago she was one of the most prominent voices calling for content moderation on social media platforms, and folks like myself warned at the time that we're going down a slippery slope here: We shouldn't advocate for moderation of any content. Unfortunately, what I warned about is happening to her now: the boomerang effect. 

Now the Trump administration is in power, and now they're trying to censor her and silence her. 

And so I think it's a good cautionary tale of why being consistent on First Amendment principles of free speech is a good place to be. And Renée DiResta, I think, is learning that the hard way.

But having said that, Trump has really figured out social media and just media control in general ... . He knows how to make himself into a sensationalistic event that they can't stop covering, while also using the presidency to create a homogeneity of viewpoint in news media through lawsuits and access. He's able to scare away critiques of the administration through controlling whether or not mergers happen. He's able to control who owns news outlets. For all those reasons, the news media during Trump's second term has been pretty tepid. ...

He started his own [[w:Truth Social|Truth Social]]. His ally [[w:Elon Musk|Elon Musk]] bought [[w:Twitter, Inc.|Twitter]] and rebranded it [[w:X Corp.|'''X''']]. When [[w:TikTok|TikTok]] was supposed to get banned in the United States, he worked out a deal, so his ideological allies, the Ellisons and others, could take over TikTok. He's done a great job of manufacturing control of the media in a way we really haven't seen any previous president do.}}

=== Robert Corn-Revere and the Foundation for Individual Rights and Expression ===

Graves continued, &quot;I interviewed [[w:Robert Corn-Revere|Robert Corn-Revere]], the Chief Counsel for the [[Foundation for Individual Rights and Expression]]. He absolutely insists, what you said, we need to support diversity of voices but educate the public on how to sort through the crap.&quot;

Higdon responded, {{quote|

People mix up the purpose of diversity. Diversity of views are there to strengthen the dominant view if it's correct, or offer alternatives if it's wrong. It's really important to hear those critiques. 

Those of us in the literary world understand this, especially if you're a teacher. You test ideas in the classroom, and your students, grad students, colleagues rip them apart. ... 

Having said that, there are absolutely views that I find abhorrent: Racist views, sexist views, fascist perspectives, etc. But the problem is not the disagreement over whether or not bad views exist. Of course, they exist. The question is, &quot;How are you going to get rid of them without risking the free speech rights of those who don't hold bad views? How are you going to ensure that when you empower a person, an institution, an entity, a platform to moderate content, you're also not empowering them to moderate content that they just disagree with or threatens their power?&quot; ...}}

Graves recalled a famous German poet and author, who said, &quot;Where they burn books, they will also burn people.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[[q:Heinrich Heine|Heinrich Heine]] (1797-1856), &quot;Wo man Bücher verbrennt, verbreent man auch am Ende Menschen.&quot; (1820). [[:File:Herinneringssteen Marktplatz Neustadt an der Weinstrasse.jpg|Plaque installed in memory of a book burning by Nazis, 1933-05-14.]]&lt;/ref&gt;

Higdon responded, {{quote|

Renée DiResta and a lot of those folks were saying, &quot;We've got to get rid of this white supremacist content. We've got to get rid of [[w:Alex Jones|Alex Jones]]. And there was pressure on Big Tech in 2017, 2018 to start moderating content. 

What did they do? They moderated all independent media content. It wasn't just Jones. It was ''[[w:CounterPunch|CounterPunch]]''. It was [[w:Truthout|Truthout]]. It was [[w:Truthdig|Truthdig]]. It was ''[[w:The Progressive|The Progressive]]''. It was a lot of left wing independent news outlets as well as right wing independent news outlets and media content creators that got moderated. ...}}

Graves added, &quot;The [[w:Palestinian Centre for Human Rights|Palestinian Centre for Human Rights]] had all their content on YouTube zapped.&lt;ref&gt;Nikita Mazurov and Valdez (2025) reported on 2025-11-05, &quot;[[w:YouTube|YouTube]] Quietly Erased More Than 700 Videos Documenting Israeli Human Rights Violations&quot;, adding, &quot;The tech giant deleted the accounts of three prominent Palestinian human rights groups — a capitulation to Trump sanctions.&quot; The three included the [[w:Palestinian Centre for Human Rights|Palestinian Centre for Human Rights]] along with [[w:Al-Haq|Al-Haq]] and [[w:Al Mezan Center for Human Rights|Al Mezan Center for Human Rights]].&lt;/ref&gt; I'm Secretary of PeaceWorks Kansas City,&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--PeaceWorks Kansas City--&gt;{{cite Q|Q64287449}}&lt;/ref&gt; and our YouTube videos were zapped. 

Higdon added, &quot;The Zionists: If their argument was so much more intellectually superior to yours, they would engage in it. They would just stomp you intellectually. But no, instead they want to censor you, because they know you have a point.&quot; 

=== Usher and Kim-Leffingwell === 

Graves commented, {{quote|

I don't know if you've heard of the paper by Usher and Kim-Leffingwell, who created a database of all the federal prosecutions for political corruption in each of the 94 [[w:United States federal judicial district|US federal court districts]] from 2003 to 2019. During that period, the number of journalists in the US fell by roughly a factor of three. They found ''no'' statistically significant impact of that decline on federal prosecutions for political corruption. However, each member of the [[w:Institute for Nonprofit News|Institute for Nonprofit News]] in a federal court district one year was associated with on average 1.4 additional prosecutions for political corruption the following year. They averaged 10 prosecutions per court district per year, so that's a 14% increase.&lt;ref&gt;Usher and Kim-Leffingwell (2022).&lt;/ref&gt; 

You and I benefit from the news stories that were published by these news outlets we'd never heard of, because they tend to reduce political corruption. 

You mentioned the congressman who was outed removed from Congress.}}

Higdon replied, &quot;Oh, George Santos.&quot;

Graves continued, &quot;Yes. His district has one of the highest, the biggest number of members of INN.&quot; 

Higdon responded, {{quote|

I was a huge critic of the [[w:Presidency of Joe Biden|Biden administration]] and the way [[w:Hunter Biden|Hunter Biden]] was cashing on his father. But he was cashing in pennies compared to the trillions of the Trump administration. There's no comparison. 

I'm not justifying either, but there's just no comparison. And it's such naked corruption. Trump is literally selling access to his Truth Social account ahead of time, so people can know what's going to happen with the market. People are betting based on insider information and prediction markets.&lt;ref&gt;Womack (2026).&lt;/ref&gt; He's got things like [[w:Cryptocurrency in the second Trump presidency|cryptocurrency, which he's just bilking his supporters with]]. He's got the [[w:Boeing VC-25B Bridge|Qatari jet]]. 

We depend on journalists doing this work, and all journalists can do is put the facts in front of you. Then it's up to the public to decide whether or not they want to do something about the corruption. But that reporting is hugely hugely important, because otherwise we know the regime would change the story.

We saw this with [[w:Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool#2026 renovations|the reflecting pool]]: It was very clear that Trump hired an inept contractor to do the job. It blew up in his face with paint peeling. What is Trump's story? Oh, it's because of vandals. ...}}

=== Robin Andersen ===

Graves pivoted, saying, &quot;Robin Andersen has a new book on ''Complicit Lens'', where she insists that the major media in the United States are not reporting the same way for damage to Palestinians versus damage to Israelis. She documents it pretty well, that even at ''[[w:The New York Times|The New York Times]]'' and other major media outlets, senior executives gave explicit orders to their journalists that they can use the word &quot;massacre&quot; when talking about Israelis being massacred, but they can't use it when talking about Palestinians being massacred.&lt;ref&gt;Andersen (2026).&lt;/ref&gt;

Higdon agreed. {{quote|

Robin Andersen's work on media coverage of Israel and Gaza is probably some of the most important work. Now in 2026, critiques of Israel are allowed in the mainstream. Robin's been giving these speeches and writing these books when it was absolutely verboten to talk about this topic. I've seen her get shouted down, screamed at for this coverage. She was way ahead of the curve, and I think it's critical to pay homage to her work.

I was on college campuses in the spring of 2024. The students out there protesting the war were not pro-[[w:Hamas|Hamas]] protesters; they were anti-genocide protesters. And you couldn't say that on American television. You had to pretend like they were pro-Hamas, when they weren't. ...}}

Graves added, &quot;Primary drivers of every major conflict are differences in the media. Students were not paying attention to the legacy media, and they were paying attention to the Palestinians, who are reporting on the ground through social media feeds. But the major media didn't report that part, so tragically, senior executives of different major universities were forced to resign, because they didn't have a good free speech response ... .&quot;

Higdon agreed. &quot;Some of them did get cooked for not having the right answers.&lt;ref&gt;Taheri (2024).&lt;/ref&gt; ... But regarding the conflict itself, the differences in media, where the US legacy media would not show any of the human rights abuses by Israel, and then some of the online spaces would allow for it, did create a duality of media diets. I think what you're saying is right. It made it very difficult to have any sort of like substantive conversation about what was actually going on, because you have to disentangle so much of the propaganda before you could get to the actual evidence.&quot; 

Graves then said, &quot;Back to Robin Andersen. I learned about her after I interviewed Bill Yousman, whom we talked about before, and I said, &quot;Who else should I interview? He said, &quot;Robin Andersen.&quot; She had an award-winning book in 2006, ''A Century of Media, Century of War''. When I saw that title, I thought, &quot;Where has she been all my life?&quot; I've been looking for that kind of information for years, decades, really, and I thought maybe it's part of the [[w:deep web|deep web]], that is not indexed like [[w:pedophilia|pedophilia]] or the [[w:Islamic State|Islamic State]].&quot;

Higdon agreed. {{quote|

Robin was a very early scholar picking up on a lot of this work. Even the book 20 years ago, she had already done a lot of substantive work before that. She was a trailblazer in a lot of ways. Robin was also like one of the first women scholars in a lot of these critical spaces. ... She pioneered a lot of the writing on war propaganda, both pop culture and news media. She always had really interesting analyses about that and continues to, to this very day. ...

The news media to this day still hasn't wrestled with its error in Gaza. One of the big criticisms that I have is they still won't wrestle with the word [[w:Genocide|genocide]]. They act like it's debatable. This isn't uninformed kids calling it genocide. This was the United Nations who called it a genocide. These were the [[w:International Criminal Court|International Criminal Court]], who called it genocide. ...}}

=== Everyone believes in rule of law, except people with power believe they should be above the law ===

Graves generalized, {{quote|

Everyone believes in rule of law, except people with power believe they should be above the law. 

I think we're seeing that in the editorial policies of the major media in the United States. I think basically the entire world wants to strengthen the International Criminal Court and the United Nations, except the people who control most of the money for the media in the United States.}}

Higdon agreed. &quot;Imagine a different history where the country actually did hold presidents accountable. If Nixon wasn't pardoned but was thrown in jail would you have Reagan's [[w:Iran–Contra affair|Iran-Contra]]?

=== Back to marketing media literacy? ===

Graves asked, &quot;What else should I study, Nolan, to get more ideas about marketing media literacy education?&quot;

Higdon replied, {{quote|

At this point you're a pro. It's a careful balancing act to think about, but there's a lot of excitement around so-called AI right now. I have a book coming out in the spring on ''Critical AI Literacy'' for [[w:Routledge|Rutledge]]. Typically when that happens and there's some new tool like smartphone, social media, internet, now AI, education wants to create courses and a discipline around it. ...

You're not opposed to the invention itself. You just want to empower people to use it as an informed user.}}

Graves replied, {{quote|

One more point on that: [[w:Daron Acemoglu|Acemoglu]] and [[w:Simon Johnson (economist)|Johnson]], who shared the [[w:List of Nobel Memorial Prize laureates in Economic Sciences|2024 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics]] with [[w:James A. Robinson|James A. Robinson]], noted that new technologies can be developed to benefit the elites, or they can be developed to benefit everybody. And the question is, what's the level of political power that the bottom 99% have? From the period of [[w:Franklin D. Roosevelt|Franklin Roosevelt]] to the time that [[w:Ronald Reagan|Ronald Reagan]] took office, they insisted that organized labor had reasonable levels of power in the United States. We had the fastest rate of sustained rate of economic growth in US history during that period, and broadly shared prosperity. 

Starting with Ronald Reagan, [[w:Reaganomics|Reaganomics]] began to recreate the [[w:Robber baron (industrialist)|robber baron]]s of the late 19th century. They're saying the same thing is happening with AI, that AI is being developed to please the people with power to the detriment of everybody else, and that needs to change. People need to get active politically and  educate themselves with media literacy, so they can understand the issues and lobby effectively for more equitable development of the technology.}}

Higdon agreed: {{quote|

I'll concur with that analysis. The people who run big tech generally share an ideology or a philosophy that opposes humans. All the tools they create are supposedly to overcome the bugs in humans. They don't like us. They want to replace us with AI systems. They bemoan how workers have to do things like spend time with family, rest, get sick, go on vacation. AI doesn't have to do any of that. ...

There's a great book by Gil Duran out right now called ''Nerd Reich'', where he talks about how these folks in big tech are a force that are anti-human. They dislike human-led systems like democracy. They believe that they and their algorithms should make decisions, not the actual people.&lt;ref&gt;Duran (2026).&lt;/ref&gt; ... 

Some studies of AI-generated local news say it's more convincing than actual local news. It's easier to make things like [[w:Deepfake|deepfake]]s. That's also undermining our democracy.&lt;ref&gt;Harrison (2025).&lt;/ref&gt; ... 

[[w:Joe Rogan|Joe Rogan]] and his crew - they say that Elon Musk is going to create this great AI system. None of you are going to have to work. You're all going to have money. 

When in human history have wealthy people created tools to enrich everybody? That never happens. ... 

That's what media literacy should be teaching people. Don't buy the hype. ...}} 

=== Closing remarks === 

When asked for &quot;final words for our audience&quot;, Higdon replied, &quot;Check out my Substack Nolan Higdon Sustack. Com,&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Gaslight Gazette--&gt;{{cite Q|Q140078544}}&lt;/ref&gt; podcast Disinfo Detox on YouTube.&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--The Disinfo Detox--&gt;{{cite Q|Q141456211}}&lt;/ref&gt; Also, Ron Placone and I do a live show every Wednesday on the Project Censored Network. So check us out on Project Censored.&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Project Censored--&gt;{{cite Q|Q623255}}&lt;/ref&gt; I'm also live every Sunday with [[w:Brian Karem|Brian Karem]] and [[w:Mark Zaid|Mark Zaid]] on Just Ask the Press.&lt;ref&gt;Brian Karem et al. (undated).&lt;/ref&gt;

==Discussion ==

:''[Interested readers are invited to comment here, subject to the Wikimedia rules of [[w:Wikipedia:Neutral point of view|writing from a neutral point of view]] [[w:Wikipedia:Citing sources|citing credible sources]]&lt;ref name=NPOV/&gt; and treating others with respect.&lt;ref name=AGF/&gt;]''

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

== Bibliography ==

* &lt;!--Robin Andersen (2006) ''A Century of Media, A Century of War''--&gt;{{cite Q|Q138795568}}
* &lt;!--Robin Andersen (2026-06-02b) THE COMPLICIT LENS: US Media Coverage of Israel’s Genocide in Gaza--&gt;{{cite Q|Q138796307}}
* &lt;!--Gil Duran (2026-08-18) The Nerd Reich: Silicon Valley Fascism and the War on Democracy--&gt;{{cite Q|Q141058063}}
* &lt;!--Rick Harrison (2025-09-16) Study: People Often Trust Fake Local News Sites More Than Real Ones; Yale Political Scientist Warns of Growing Influence of AI-Driven ‘Pink-Slime’ News--&gt;{{cite Q|Q141455970}}
* &lt;!--Nolan Higdon (2027) Critical AI Literacy: From Silicon Valley Exploitation to Democratic Resistance--&gt;{{cite Q|Q141455623}}
* &lt;!--Brian Karem, Mark Zaid, and Nolan Higdon (undated), &quot;Just ask the press&quot;--&gt;{{cite Q|Q141456611|date=undated}}
* &lt;!--Nikita Mazurov and Jonah Valdez (2025) &quot;YouTube Quietly Erased More Than 700 Videos Documenting Israeli Human Rights Violations&quot;. The Intercept--&gt;{{cite Q|Q138052903}}
* &lt;!--Mandy Taheri (2026-08-15) Full List of College Presidents Who Have Resigned Amid Campus Protests--&gt;{{cite Q|Q141455313}}
* &lt;!--Nik Usher and Sanghoon Kim-Leffingwell (2022-01) How Loud Does the Watchdog Bark? A Reconsideration of Local Journalism, News Non-profits, and Political Corruption --&gt;{{Cite Q|Q134715465}}
* &lt;!--CJ Womack (2026-07-17) Truth Social plan to sell early access to Trump posts ‘makes me want to puke,’ CNBC reporter fumes--&gt;{{cite Q|Q141454814}}

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    <title>Talk:Motivation and emotion/Book/2026/Prevention versus promotion mindset</title>
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      <comment>Topic development feedback</comment>
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      <text bytes="5373" sha1="5jloe6vnb2bqtcbxppehxpkyhyopzcs" xml:space="preserve">== Heading casing ==
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| [[File:Crystal Clear app ktip.svg|48px|left]]
| {{#if:Bronte.H|Hi [[User:Bronte.H|Bronte.H]].|}} FYI, the recommended [[Wikiversity]] heading style uses [[w:Letter case#Sentence_case|sentence casing]]. For example:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;Self-determination theory&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
rather than
&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;Self-Determination Theory&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;

Here's an example chapter with correct heading casing: [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2019/Growth mindset development|Growth mindset development]]

-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 04:20, 15 September 2026 (UTC)
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&lt;!-- 2-level --&gt;
# Basic [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|2-level heading structure]] – could benefit from further development (expand)
# I've adjusted some of the initial headings into subheadings
&lt;!-- Alignment with focus questions --&gt;
# Insufficient alignment between sub-title, focus questions, and top-level headings
|3=
&lt;!-- Overview--&gt;
# Insufficient
&lt;!-- Scenario --&gt;
# Promising scenario; would benefit from further development
# Abbreviate the scenario; it is too long. Or split into more than one section and provide a follow-up further into the chapter.
# I moved an image into the feature box to help attract reader interest
&lt;!-- Description --&gt;
# Add a brief, evocative description of the problem/topic
&lt;!-- Focus questions --&gt;
&lt;!-- Alignment and quality --&gt;
# Develop closer alignment between the sub-title, focus questions, and top-level headings
# There are too many focus questions; only include questions that are needed to address the sub-title; avoid side-quests—these are usually better treated as examples or scenarios, or left out altogether so that the chapter can concentrate on the core task of synthesising the best psychological theory and research about the topic.
&lt;!-- Other --&gt;
# Use open- rather then close-ended focus questions
|4=
&lt;!-- Key points--&gt;
&lt;!-- Overall --&gt;
# Minimal/partial development
# Provide more detailed edit summaries
# Strive for an integrated balance of the best psychological theory and research about this topic, with practical examples.
&lt;!-- Citations --&gt;
# Insufficient use of citations
&lt;!-- Conclusion --&gt;
# Conclusion hasn't been developed
|5=
&lt;!-- Figure --&gt;
# Relevant figure(s) are presented
&lt;!-- Caption --&gt;
# Figure caption(s) could better explain how the image connects to key points being made in the main text
# Figure caption(s) should include '''Figure X'''. [bold] ... (fixed)
&lt;!-- Cite --&gt;
# Cite each figure at least once in the main text using APA style (e.g., see Figure 1)
&lt;!-- Size --&gt;
# Consider decreasing image size(s) to make them less dominant (fixed)
&lt;!-- Learning feature --&gt;
&lt;!-- Interwiki links ---&gt;
# Add in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] for first mention of key terms to [[w:|Wikipedia]] and/or [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]] (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
&lt;!-- Scenarios/examples/case studies --&gt;
# Consider incorporating additional scenarios, examples, or case studies to illustrate key concepts. These could build on the Overview scenario or introduce new real-world situations in the main body of the chapter to demonstrate how the concepts apply in practice.
&lt;!-- Quiz --&gt;
# Consider including quiz question(s) about the take-home messages
&lt;!-- Tables --&gt;
# Also consider using [[Motivation and emotion/Wikiversity/Tables|table(s)]] to summarise key information
|7=
&lt;!-- References --&gt;
&lt;!-- Overall --&gt;
# To be developed
&lt;!-- Systematic reviews --&gt;
# What are the most relevant systematic reviews/meta-analyses about this topic?
&lt;!-- Resources --&gt;
&lt;!-- See also --&gt;
# See also
## To be developed (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
## Link to the most relevant Wikiversity book chapters and Wikipedia resources about this topic
&lt;!-- External links --&gt;
# External links
## To be developed (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
## Link to the most relevant external resources about this topic
|9=
&lt;!-- User page --&gt;
# Used effectively
&lt;!-- Description about self --&gt;
# Description about self provided
&lt;!-- Links to profile(s) --&gt;
# Consider linking to your [https://portfolio.canberra.edu.au/ eportfolio] page and/or any other professional online profile or resume such as [https://www.linkedin.com/ LinkedIn]. This is not required, but it can be useful to interlink your professional networks.
&lt;!-- Link to book chapter --&gt;
# A link to the book chapter is provided
|10=
&lt;!-- Social contribution --&gt;
# None summarised on user page with direct link(s) to evidence (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing#Social contributions|Tutorial 2]]). Looking ahead to the book chapter, see [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Socialcontribution|social contributions]].
}}
-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 04:20, 15 September 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>5jloe6vnb2bqtcbxppehxpkyhyopzcs</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Talk:Motivation and emotion/Book/2026/Melatonin and seasonal mood</title>
    <ns>1</ns>
    <id>332060</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2833273</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-15T04:46:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Topic development feedback</comment>
      <origin>2833273</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8196" sha1="h682l73w542ts21guoqwh39xbg1f384" xml:space="preserve">== Heading casing ==
{| style=&quot;float: center; background:transparent;color:inherit;&quot;
|-
| [[File:Crystal Clear app ktip.svg|48px|left]]
| {{#if:U3224236|Hi [[User:U3224236|U3224236]].|}} FYI, the recommended [[Wikiversity]] heading style uses [[w:Letter case#Sentence_case|sentence casing]]. For example:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;Self-determination theory&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
rather than
&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;Self-Determination Theory&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;

Here's an example chapter with correct heading casing: [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2019/Growth mindset development|Growth mindset development]]

-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 04:46, 15 September 2026 (UTC)
|}

&lt;!-- Official topic development feedback --&gt;
{{METF/2026
|1=
&lt;!-- Title --&gt;
# Title and/or subtitle not correctly worded and/or didn't use [[w:Letter case#Sentence casing|sentence casing]] (fixed)
|2=
&lt;!-- Headings --&gt;
# See earlier comment about [[#heading casing|heading casing]]
&lt;!-- Heading structure --&gt;
&lt;!-- 2-level --&gt;
# Basic [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|2-level heading structure]] – could benefit from further development (expand)
# There is no need for a &quot;Studies&quot; section; instead, integrate research throughout
&lt;!-- Alignment with focus questions --&gt;
# Develop closer alignment between sub-title, focus questions, and top-level headings
|3=
&lt;!-- Overview--&gt;
# Excellent – Scenario, image, evocative description of the problem/topic, and focus questions
# Very good
# Good
# Basic
# Insufficient
# Hasn't been developed – Needs scenario, image, evocative description of the problem/topic, and focus questions
&lt;!-- GenAI ---&gt;
# Does this section include [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI content]]? If so, it needs to be acknowledged as such in the edit summaries, otherwise it violates academic integrity.
&lt;!-- Scenario --&gt;
# Promising scenario; would benefit from further development to make it more compelling
# Consider using this research-based case study later in the chapter and providing a more relatable story of an everyday person in a non-extreme climate
# Add an image to the scenario to help attract reader interest
&lt;!-- Description --&gt;
# Add a brief, evocative description of the problem/topic
&lt;!-- Focus questions --&gt;
&lt;!-- Alignment and quality --&gt;
# Develop closer alignment between the sub-title, focus questions, and top-level headings
# The first focus question isn't necessary. This is more of a biochemistry topic. But it would be good to provide citations and links to further info about melatonin production. Just don't make it a major focus of the chapter.
# The second focus question is awkwardly worded but is a better question. The more important question is the sub-title - what is the role of melatonin is seasonal mood changes? So, provide a brief into to seasonal mood changes, but then focus most of the chapter on the extent to which these changes are related to melatonin, and how/why.
# The third focus question should be open-ended, not closed-ended. This question could be rephrased. Note that the chapter doesn't focus on SMDs specifically, but seasonal mood changes more broadly.
|4=
&lt;!-- Key points--&gt;
# ''Avoid providing too much background information''. Aim to briefly summarise general concepts and provide internal links to relevant book chapters and/or Wikipedia pages for further information. Focus most of the chapter on ''directly answering the core question(s)'' posed by the chapter sub-title.
&lt;!-- Theory and research --&gt;
# Strive for an integrated balance of the best psychological theory and research about this topic, with practical examples.
&lt;!-- Citations --&gt;
# Insufficient use of citations
&lt;!-- Other --&gt;
# Consider using [https://support.studiosity.com/en/articles/489263-writing-feedback-how-it-works Studiosity Writing Feedback+] via UCLearn or a similar writing-support service (e.g., Grammarly) to improve the quality of written expression and check for grammatical and spelling errors in the book chapter draft.
&lt;!-- Conclusion --&gt;
# Conclusion hasn't been developed
# What are the practical, take-home messages? (address the focus questions)
|5=
&lt;!-- Figure --&gt;
# Relevant figure(s) are presented and captioned
# Insert a relevant figure into the scenario
&lt;!-- Caption --&gt;
# Figure caption(s) provide(s) a reasonably clear description that is connected with the main text
# Figure caption(s) should include '''Figure X'''. [bold] ...
&lt;!-- Cite --&gt;
# Cite each figure at least once in the main text using APA style (e.g., see Figure 1)
&lt;!-- Size --&gt;
# Consider decreasing image size(s) to make them less dominant
|6=
&lt;!-- Learning feature --&gt;
&lt;!-- Interwiki links ---&gt;
# Add in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] for first mention of key terms to [[w:|Wikipedia]] and/or [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]] (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
&lt;!-- Scenarios/examples/case studies --&gt;
# Consider incorporating additional scenarios, examples, or case studies to illustrate key concepts. These could build on the Overview scenario or introduce new real-world situations in the main body of the chapter to demonstrate how the concepts apply in practice.
&lt;!-- Quiz --&gt;
# Promising use of quiz question(s)
&lt;!-- Tables --&gt;
# Also consider using [[Motivation and emotion/Wikiversity/Tables|table(s)]] to summarise key information
|7=
&lt;!-- References --&gt;
&lt;!-- Overall --&gt;
# Insufficient
&lt;!-- Systematic reviews --&gt;
# What are the most relevant systematic reviews/meta-analyses about this topic?
&lt;!-- APA style --&gt;
# Check and correct [https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/reference-guide.pdf APA referencing style]:
## spacing
# capitalisation
## [[Help:Wikitext quick reference|italicisation]]
## The full end page number is needed
## page numbers should be separated by an en-dash (–) rather than a hyphen (-)
# A more thorough literature search is recommended. The goal is to identify and use the best academic theory and research about this topic.
|8=
&lt;!-- Resources --&gt;
&lt;!-- See also --&gt;
# See also
## To be developed (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
## Link to the most relevant Wikiversity book chapters and Wikipedia resources about this topic
&lt;!-- External links --&gt;
# External links
## Insufficient
## Include links
## Move academic sources into the &quot;References&quot; sections and provide in-text citation
## Use [[w:Letter case#Sentence casing|sentence casing]]
## Rename links so that they are more user friendly (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
## Include source in brackets after link
## Use alphabetical order
|9=
&lt;!-- User page --&gt;
# Basic
&lt;!-- Description about self --&gt;
# Very brief description about self – consider expanding
&lt;!-- Links to profile(s) --&gt;
# Consider linking to your [https://portfolio.canberra.edu.au/ eportfolio] page and/or any other professional online profile or resume such as [https://www.linkedin.com/ LinkedIn]. This is not required, but it can be useful to interlink your professional networks.
&lt;!-- Link to book chapter --&gt;
# A link to the book chapter is provided
|10=
&lt;!-- Social contribution --&gt;
# One out of three types of contributions made with direct link(s) to evidence. The other types of contribution are making:
#* direct improvements to other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters (past or current)]]
#* comments on the [[Help:Talk page|talk page]]s of other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters (past or current)]]
# To add direct links to evidence of Wikiversity edits or comments: view the page history, select the version of the page before and after your contributions, click &quot;compare selected revisions&quot;, and paste the comparison URL on your user page. For more info, see [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Making and summarising social contributions|Making and summarising social contributions]]. This was demonstrated in [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing#Social contributions|Tutorial 2]].
}}
-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 04:46, 15 September 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>h682l73w542ts21guoqwh39xbg1f384</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Talk:Motivation and emotion/Book/2026/Attachment styles and relatedness motivation</title>
    <ns>1</ns>
    <id>332061</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2833275</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-15T05:26:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Topic development feedback</comment>
      <origin>2833275</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5836" sha1="5v8qawc2n3r54gkfu3k7wxp1p163mie" xml:space="preserve">&lt;!-- Official topic development feedback --&gt;
{{METF/2026
|1=
&lt;!-- Title --&gt;
# Title and subtitle are correctly worded and use [[w:Letter case#Sentence casing|sentence casing]]
# Note that we could change &quot;affect&quot; to &quot;shape&quot; (just a thought)
|2=
&lt;!-- Headings --&gt;
# See earlier comment about [[#heading casing|heading casing]]
&lt;!-- Heading structure --&gt;
&lt;!-- 2-level --&gt;
# Clear [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|2-level heading structure]]
# I don't think autonomy and competence sections are necessary; instead introduct SDT, basic psychological needs theory, and then relatedness
# There is too much emphasis on stand-alone attachment theory; explain this briefly, so that the bulk of the chapter concentrates on the connection between ASs and relatedness
&lt;!-- Alignment with focus questions --&gt;
# Promising focus questions
# There are too many focus questions
# Drop the focus questions that are not about ASs and relatedness
|3=
&lt;!-- Overview--&gt;
# Very good
&lt;!-- Scenario --&gt;
# Promising scenario; could benefit from further development to make it more compellingly illustrative of relationship between ASs and relatedness
# Adapt the scenario to make it more relatable to a wider international audience; university students represent only around 3% of the world's population
&lt;!-- Description --&gt;
# A promising description of the problem/topic is planned or presented
# Where in doubt, keep it simple (i.e., answer the sub-title question and not other questions)
&lt;!-- Focus questions --&gt;
&lt;!-- Alignment and quality --&gt;
# Develop closer alignment between the sub-title, focus questions, and top-level headings
# There may be too many focus questions; only include questions that are needed to address the sub-title; avoid side-quests—these are usually better treated as examples or scenarios, or left out altogether so that the chapter can concentrate on the core task of synthesising the best psychological theory and research about the topic.
&lt;!-- Other --&gt;
# Use open- rather then close-ended focus questions
# Use single- rather than double-barrelled focus questions
# Use bullet-points (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
# Present focus questions in a feature box at the end of this section
|4=
&lt;!-- Key points--&gt;
&lt;!-- Overall --&gt;
# Basic development
# Consider relatedness frustration, relatedness satisfaction, and ASs
&lt;!-- Scope --&gt;
# It is unlikely that all planned aspects can be reasonably covered within the book chapter word count, so be selective and concentrate on the most important aspects which address the question in the sub-title
# ''Avoid providing too much background information''. Aim to briefly summarise general concepts and provide internal links to relevant book chapters and/or Wikipedia pages for further information. Focus most of the chapter on ''directly answering the core question(s)'' posed by the chapter sub-title.
# Insufficient use of citations about the core topic (ASs and relatedness)
&lt;!-- Conclusion --&gt;
# Conclusion hasn't been developed
# What are the practical, take-home messages? (address the focus questions)
|5=
&lt;!-- Figure --&gt;
# Relevant figure(s) are presented and captioned
&lt;!-- Caption --&gt;
# Figure caption(s) could better explain how the image connects to key points being made in the main text
&lt;!-- Cite --&gt;
# Cite each figure at least once in the main text using APA style (e.g., see Figure 1)
|6=
&lt;!-- Learning feature --&gt;
&lt;!-- Interwiki links ---&gt;
# Add in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] for first mention of key terms to [[w:|Wikipedia]] and/or [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]] (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
&lt;!-- Scenarios/examples/case studies --&gt;
# Consider incorporating additional scenarios, examples, or case studies to illustrate key concepts. These could build on the Overview scenario or introduce new real-world situations in the main body of the chapter to demonstrate how the concepts apply in practice.
&lt;!-- Quiz --&gt;
# Promising use of quiz question(s)
# Place each quiz question in the most relevant section
# Focus the quiz question(s) on the take-home messages
&lt;!-- Tables --&gt;
# Also consider using [[Motivation and emotion/Wikiversity/Tables|table(s)]] to summarise key information
|7=
&lt;!-- References --&gt;
&lt;!-- Overall --&gt;
# Excellent
# Very good
# Good
# Basic
# Insufficient
# To be developed
&lt;!-- Systematic reviews --&gt;
# What are the most relevant systematic reviews/meta-analyses about this topic?
&lt;!-- APA style --&gt;
# Check and correct [https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/reference-guide.pdf APA referencing style]:
## capitalisation
## include full journal titles
## page numbers should be separated by an en-dash (–) rather than a hyphen (-)
# Only include references that you have consulted
|8=
&lt;!-- Resources --&gt;
&lt;!-- See also --&gt;
# See also
## One of two link types provided
### Also link to relevant [[w:|Wikipedia]] pages
&lt;!-- External links --&gt;
# External links
## Very good
## Use [[w:Letter case#Sentence casing|sentence casing]]
|9=
&lt;!-- User page --&gt;
# Basic but effective
&lt;!-- Description about self --&gt;
# Brief description about self – consider expanding
&lt;!-- Links to profile(s) --&gt;
# Consider linking to your [https://portfolio.canberra.edu.au/ eportfolio] page and/or any other professional online profile or resume such as [https://www.linkedin.com/ LinkedIn]. This is not required, but it can be useful to interlink your professional networks.
&lt;!-- Link to book chapter --&gt;
# A link to the book chapter is provided
|10=
&lt;!-- Social contribution --&gt;
# Excellent – at least three different types of contributions with direct link(s) to evidence
}}
-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 05:26, 15 September 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>5v8qawc2n3r54gkfu3k7wxp1p163mie</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Talk:Motivation and emotion/Book/2026/Self-blame and emotion</title>
    <ns>1</ns>
    <id>332062</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2833277</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-15T05:45:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Topic development feedback</comment>
      <origin>2833277</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6549" sha1="g2q90g3dlz0yiu951w05l2izp0vew6m" xml:space="preserve">== Heading casing ==
{| style=&quot;float: center; background:transparent;color:inherit;&quot;
|-
| [[File:Crystal Clear app ktip.svg|48px|left]]
| {{#if:U3281277|Hi [[User:U3281277|U3281277]].|}} FYI, the recommended [[Wikiversity]] heading style uses [[w:Letter case#Sentence_case|sentence casing]]. For example:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;Self-determination theory&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
rather than
&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;Self-Determination Theory&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;

Here's an example chapter with correct heading casing: [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2019/Growth mindset development|Growth mindset development]]

-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 05:45, 15 September 2026 (UTC)
|}

&lt;!-- Official topic development feedback --&gt;
{{METF/2026
|1=
&lt;!-- Title --&gt;
# Title and/or subtitle not correctly worded and/or didn't use [[w:Letter case#Sentence casing|sentence casing]] (fixed)
|2=
&lt;!-- Headings --&gt;
# See earlier comment about [[#heading casing|heading casing]]
&lt;!-- Heading structure --&gt;
# Under-developed, [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|2-level heading structure]] – develop further
&lt;!-- Other ---&gt;
# Avoid having sections with only 1 sub-heading – use 0 or 2+ sub-headings
&lt;!-- Alignment with focus questions --&gt;
# Excellent alignment between sub-title, focus questions, and heading structure
&lt;!-- GenAI ---&gt;
# Are the headings based on [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI content]]? If so, this needs to be acknowledged in the edit summaries, otherwise it violates academic integrity.
|3=
&lt;!-- Overview--&gt;
# Excellent – Scenario, image, evocative description of the problem/topic, and focus questions
# Very good
# Good
# Basic
# Insufficient
# Hasn't been developed – Needs scenario, image, evocative description of the problem/topic, and focus questions
&lt;!-- GenAI ---&gt;
# Does this section include [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI content]]? If so, it needs to be acknowledged as such in the edit summaries, otherwise it violates academic integrity.
&lt;!-- Scenario --&gt;
# The scenario is promising, but consider adapting it to make it more relatable to a wider international audience; university students represent only around 3% of the world's population
# A promising description of the problem/topic is planned or presented
&lt;!-- Focus questions --&gt;
&lt;!-- Alignment and quality --&gt;
# The focus questions are well aligned with the sub-title and top-level headings
&lt;!-- Other --&gt;
# Use open- rather then close-ended focus questions
# Use single- rather than double-barrelled focus questions
# Use bullet-points (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
# Present focus questions in a feature box at the end of this section
|4=
&lt;!-- Key points--&gt;
&lt;!-- Overall --&gt;
# Promising development
# Focus on providing an integrative review of the most relevant theories and research on the topic
# I suspect, overly literal interpretation of the focus questions typical of insufficiently understood and revised genAI content
# What are the most important theories about the emotional impacts of self-blame and what is the evidence? 
&lt;!-- Scope --&gt;
# The scope is excellent (i.e., not too little/narrow or too big/broad)
&lt;!-- GenAI ---&gt;
# Do these key points include [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI content]]? If so, this needs to be acknowledged in the edit summaries, otherwise it violates academic integrity.
&lt;!-- Conclusion --&gt;
# Conclusion is underway
# What are the practical, take-home messages? (address the focus questions)
|5=
&lt;!-- Figure --&gt;
# Excellent - Relevant figure(s) presented, captioned, and cited
|6=
&lt;!-- Learning feature --&gt;
&lt;!-- Interwiki links ---&gt;
# Add in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] for first mention of key terms to [[w:|Wikipedia]] and/or [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]] (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
&lt;!-- Scenarios/examples/case studies --&gt;
# Consider incorporating additional scenarios, examples, or case studies to illustrate key concepts. These could build on the Overview scenario or introduce new real-world situations in the main body of the chapter to demonstrate how the concepts apply in practice.
&lt;!-- Quiz --&gt;
# Promising use of quiz question(s)
# Place each quiz question in the most relevant section
# Focus the quiz question(s) on the take-home messages
&lt;!-- Tables --&gt;
# Also consider using [[Motivation and emotion/Wikiversity/Tables|table(s)]] to summarise key information
|7=
&lt;!-- References --&gt;
&lt;!-- Overall --&gt;
# Very good
&lt;!-- Systematic reviews --&gt;
# What are the most relevant systematic reviews/meta-analyses about this topic?
&lt;!-- APA style --&gt;
# Check and correct [https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/reference-guide.pdf APA referencing style]:
## capitalisation
## [[Help:Wikitext quick reference|italicisation]]
|8=
&lt;!-- Resources --&gt;
&lt;!-- See also --&gt;
# See also
## One of two links provided
### Also link to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|motivation and emotion book chapters]]
## Use bullet-points (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
## Rename links so that they are more user friendly (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
## Use an internal links style as shown in [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]]
&lt;!-- External links --&gt;
# External links
## To be developed (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
## Link to the most relevant external resources about this topic
|9=
&lt;!-- User page --&gt;
# Basic; partially sufficient
&lt;!-- Description about self --&gt;
# Very brief description about self – consider expanding
&lt;!-- Links to profile(s) --&gt;
# Consider linking to your [https://portfolio.canberra.edu.au/ eportfolio] page and/or any other professional online profile or resume such as [https://www.linkedin.com/ LinkedIn]. This is not required, but it can be useful to interlink your professional networks.
&lt;!-- Link to book chapter --&gt;
# Add link to book chapter
|10=
&lt;!-- Social contribution --&gt;
# None summarised on user page with direct link(s) to evidence (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing#Social contributions|Tutorial 2]]). Looking ahead to the book chapter, see [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Socialcontribution|social contributions]].
}}
-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 05:45, 15 September 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>g2q90g3dlz0yiu951w05l2izp0vew6m</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User talk:Zozo06</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>332063</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2833279</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-15T05:46:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Welcome</comment>
      <origin>2833279</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2327" sha1="ppdtgv8xfzp1v3q3d6klofvs3ma8xah" xml:space="preserve">==Welcome==
{{Robelbox|theme=9|title='''[[Wikiversity:Welcome|Welcome]] to [[Wikiversity:What is Wikiversity|Wikiversity]],  Zozo06!'''|width=100%}}
&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
You can [[Wikiversity:Contact|contact us]] with [[Wikiversity:Questions|questions]] at the [[Wikiversity:Colloquium|colloquium]] or get in touch with [[User talk:Jtneill|me personally]] if you would like some [[Help:Contents|help]].

Remember to [[Wikiversity:Signature#How to add your signature|sign]] your comments when [[Wikiversity:Who are Wikiversity participants?|participating]] in [[Wikiversity:Talk page|discussions]]. Using the signature icon [[File:OOjs UI icon signature-ltr.svg]] makes it simple.

We invite you to [[Wikiversity:Be bold|be bold]] and [[Wikiversity|assume good faith]]. Please abide by our [[Wikiversity:Civility|civility]], [[Wikiversity:Privacy policy|privacy]], and [[Foundation:Terms of Use|terms of use]] policies.

To find your way around, check out:
&lt;!-- The Left column --&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;width:50.0%; float:left&quot;&gt;
* [[Wikiversity:Introduction|Introduction to Wikiversity]]
* [[Help:Guides|Take a guided tour]] and learn [[Help:Editing|how to edit]]
* [[Wikiversity:Browse|Browse]] or visit an educational level portal:&lt;br&gt;[[Portal:Pre-school Education|pre-school]] | [[Portal:Primary Education|primary]] | [[Portal:Secondary Education|secondary]] | [[Portal:Tertiary Education|tertiary]] | [[Portal:Non-formal Education|non-formal]]
* [[Wikiversity:Introduction explore|Explore]] links in left-hand navigation menu
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- The Right column --&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;width:50.0%; float:left&quot;&gt;

* Read an [[Wikiversity:Wikiversity teachers|introduction for teachers]]
* Learn [[Help:How to write an educational resource|how to write an educational resource]]
* Find out about [[Wikiversity:Research|research]] activities
* Give [[Wikiversity:Feedback|feedback]] about your observations
* Discuss issues or ask questions at the [[Wikiversity:Colloquium|colloquium]]
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br clear=&quot;both&quot;/&gt;

To get started, experiment in the [[wikiversity:sandbox|sandbox]] or on [[special:mypage|your userpage]].

See you around Wikiversity! ---- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 05:46, 15 September 2026 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Template:Welcome --&gt;
{{Robelbox/close}}</text>
      <sha1>ppdtgv8xfzp1v3q3d6klofvs3ma8xah</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Talk:Motivation and emotion/Book/2026/Creative inspiration and effort</title>
    <ns>1</ns>
    <id>332064</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2833293</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-15T08:16:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Topic development feedback</comment>
      <origin>2833293</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4473" sha1="k8ld2cyejy8t6cog4ms1esfmjv1zfp5" xml:space="preserve">&lt;!-- Official topic development feedback --&gt;
{{METF/2026
|1=
&lt;!-- Title --&gt;
# Title and subtitle are correctly worded and use [[w:Letter case#Sentence casing|sentence casing]]
|2=
&lt;!-- Heading structure --&gt;
&lt;!-- 2-level --&gt;
# Promising [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|2-level heading structure]] – could benefit from further development (expand)
# There may be conceptual overlap between some sections
&lt;!-- Alignment with focus questions --&gt;
# Reasonably good alignment between focus questions and heading structure, but aim for closer alignment
|3=
&lt;!-- Overview--&gt;
# Good
&lt;!-- GenAI ---&gt;
# Does this section include [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI content]]? If so, it needs to be acknowledged as such in the edit summaries, otherwise it violates academic integrity.
&lt;!-- Scenario --&gt;
# A scenario or case study is presented in a feature box with an image at the start of this section
# I moved an image into the feature box to help attract reader interest
&lt;!-- Description --&gt;
# A promising description of the problem/topic is planned or presented
# What are the most relevant psychological theories?
&lt;!-- Focus questions --&gt;
&lt;!-- Alignment and quality --&gt;
# Reasonably good alignment between focus questions and top-level headings, but consider closer alignment
# Avoid double-barrelled questions
# There may be conceptual overlap between some questions; consider consolidating
|4=
&lt;!-- Key points--&gt;
&lt;!-- Overall --&gt;
# Promising development
# Focus on providing an integrative review of the most relevant theories and research on the topic
# Provide more detailed edit summaries
&lt;!-- Citations --&gt;
# Basic use of citations
&lt;!-- GenAI ---&gt;
# Do these key points include [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI content]]? If so, this needs to be acknowledged in the edit summaries, otherwise it violates academic integrity.
&lt;!-- Conclusion --&gt;
# Conclusion is underway
# What are the practical, take-home messages? (address the focus questions)
|5=
&lt;!-- Figure --&gt;
# Relevant figure(s) are presented and captioned
&lt;!-- Caption --&gt;
# Figure caption(s) provide(s) a somewhat clear description that is connected with the main text, but could be improved
&lt;!-- Cite --&gt;
# Cite each figure at least once in the main text using APA style (e.g., see Figure 1)
|6=
&lt;!-- Learning feature --&gt;
&lt;!-- Interwiki links ---&gt;
# One in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki link]] for first mention of key term to [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]]. Also embed links to [[w:|Wikipedia]].
&lt;!-- Scenarios/examples/case studies --&gt;
# Consider incorporating additional scenarios, examples, or case studies to illustrate key concepts. These could build on the Overview scenario or introduce new real-world situations in the main body of the chapter to demonstrate how the concepts apply in practice.
&lt;!-- Quiz --&gt;
# Consider including quiz question(s) about the take-home messages
&lt;!-- Tables --&gt;
# Also consider using [[Motivation and emotion/Wikiversity/Tables|table(s)]] to summarise key information
|7=
&lt;!-- References --&gt;
&lt;!-- Overall --&gt;
# Excellent
&lt;!-- Systematic reviews --&gt;
# Well done on identifying relevant systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses
&lt;!-- APA style --&gt;
# Check and correct [https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/reference-guide.pdf APA referencing style]:
## [[Help:Wikitext quick reference|italicisation]]
|8=
&lt;!-- Resources --&gt;
&lt;!-- See also --&gt;
# See also
## Very good
## Use bullet-points (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
## Use alphabetical order
&lt;!-- External links --&gt;
# External links
## Very good
## Use [[w:Letter case#Sentence casing|sentence casing]]
## Use alphabetical order
&lt;!-- User page --&gt;
# Used effectively
&lt;!-- Description about self --&gt;
# Description about self provided
&lt;!-- Links to profile(s) --&gt;
# Consider linking to your [https://portfolio.canberra.edu.au/ eportfolio] page and/or any other professional online profile or resume such as [https://www.linkedin.com/ LinkedIn]. This is not required, but it can be useful to interlink your professional networks.
&lt;!-- Link to book chapter --&gt;
# A link to the book chapter is provided
|10=
&lt;!-- Social contribution --&gt;
# Excellent – at least three different types of contributions with direct link(s) to evidence
}}
-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 08:16, 15 September 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>k8ld2cyejy8t6cog4ms1esfmjv1zfp5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Talk:Motivation and emotion/Book/2026/Social dominance and power motivation</title>
    <ns>1</ns>
    <id>332065</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2833295</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-15T08:38:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Topic development feedback</comment>
      <origin>2833295</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4947" sha1="9d64bqjg7uhfuavhma0xiy74lz8yb24" xml:space="preserve">&lt;!-- Official topic development feedback --&gt;
{{METF/2026
|1=
&lt;!-- Title --&gt;
# Title and subtitle are correctly worded and use [[w:Letter case#Sentence casing|sentence casing]]
|2=
&lt;!-- Heading structure --&gt;
&lt;!-- 2-level --&gt;
# Promising [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|2-level heading structure]] – could benefit from further development and/or refinement
# The structure is somewhat complicated - I've tried to simplify by removing some placeholder headings, but consider whether each proposed section is required
&lt;!-- Alignment with focus questions --&gt;
# Reasonably good alignment between focus questions and heading structure, but aim for closer alignment
&lt;!-- GenAI ---&gt;
# Are the headings based on [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI content]]? If so, this needs to be acknowledged in the edit summaries, otherwise it violates academic integrity.
|3=
&lt;!-- Overview--&gt;
# Excellent – Scenario, image, evocative description of the problem/topic, and focus questions
&lt;!-- GenAI ---&gt;
# Does this section include [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI content]]? If so, it needs to be acknowledged as such in the edit summaries, otherwise it violates academic integrity.
&lt;!-- Scenario --&gt;
# An engaging scenario with a relevant image is planned or presented in a feature box at start of the Overview
&lt;!-- Description --&gt;
# A clear description of the problem/topic is planned or presented
&lt;!-- Focus questions --&gt;
&lt;!-- Alignment and quality --&gt;
# Reasonably good alignment between focus questions and top-level headings, but consider closer alignment
# Applications such as to politics might be better treated as examples in feature boxes rather than as focus questions (keep the focus questions focused directly on addressing the sub-title question(s))
|4=
&lt;!-- Key points--&gt;
&lt;!-- Overall --&gt;
# Promising development
# Briefly summarise SDO and power motivation as separate constructions and link to dedicated book chapters and/or Wikipedia articles for more info
# The bulk of the chapter should be focused on the connection between social dominance orientation and power motivation
# Provide more detailed edit summaries
&lt;!-- GenAI ---&gt;
# Well done on acknowledging genAI use in the edit summary. Also share link(s) to the conversation, as per the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|using genAI guidelines]].
# Do these key points include [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI content]]? If so, this needs to be acknowledged in the edit summaries, otherwise it violates academic integrity.
&lt;!-- Conclusion --&gt;
# Conclusion is underway
# What are the practical, take-home messages? (address the focus questions)
|5=
&lt;!-- Figure --&gt;
# Excellent - Relevant figure(s) presented, captioned, and cited
|6=
&lt;!-- Learning feature --&gt;
&lt;!-- Interwiki links ---&gt;
# One in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki link]] for first mention of key term to [[w:|Wikipedia]]. Also embed links to [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]].
&lt;!-- Scenarios/examples/case studies --&gt;
# Consider incorporating additional scenarios, examples, or case studies to illustrate key concepts. These could build on the Overview scenario or introduce new real-world situations in the main body of the chapter to demonstrate how the concepts apply in practice.
&lt;!-- Quiz --&gt;
# Consider including quiz question(s) about the take-home messages
&lt;!-- Tables --&gt;
# Also consider using [[Motivation and emotion/Wikiversity/Tables|table(s)]] to summarise key information
|7=
&lt;!-- References --&gt;
&lt;!-- Overall --&gt;
# Very good
&lt;!-- Systematic reviews --&gt;
# What are the most relevant systematic reviews/meta-analyses about this topic?
&lt;!-- APA style --&gt;
# Check and correct [https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/reference-guide.pdf APA referencing style]:
## [[Help:Wikitext quick reference|italicisation]]
|8=
&lt;!-- Resources --&gt;
&lt;!-- See also --&gt;
# See also
## Very good
## Use alphabetical order
&lt;!-- External links --&gt;
# External links
## To be developed (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
## Link to the most relevant external resources about this topic
|9=
&lt;!-- User page --&gt;
# Basic but effective
&lt;!-- Description about self --&gt;
# Very brief description about self – consider expanding
&lt;!-- Links to profile(s) --&gt;
# Consider linking to your [https://portfolio.canberra.edu.au/ eportfolio] page and/or any other professional online profile or resume such as [https://www.linkedin.com/ LinkedIn]. This is not required, but it can be useful to interlink your professional networks.
&lt;!-- Link to book chapter --&gt;
# A link to the book chapter is provided
|10=
&lt;!-- Social contribution --&gt;
# At least three different types of contributions with direct link(s) to evidence
}}
-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 08:37, 15 September 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>9d64bqjg7uhfuavhma0xiy74lz8yb24</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Talk:Motivation and emotion/Book/2026/Future orientation and criminal behaviour</title>
    <ns>1</ns>
    <id>332066</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2833304</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-15T10:06:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Topic development feedback</comment>
      <origin>2833304</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7291" sha1="kuouqcfg9bio5nln56n86r3o50zszym" xml:space="preserve">== Heading casing ==
{| style=&quot;float: center; background:transparent;color:inherit;&quot;
|-
| [[File:Crystal Clear app ktip.svg|48px|left]]
| {{#if:Isa Murphy|Hi [[User:Isa Murphy|Isa Murphy]].|}} FYI, the recommended [[Wikiversity]] heading style uses [[w:Letter case#Sentence_case|sentence casing]]. For example:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;Self-determination theory&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
rather than
&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;Self-Determination Theory&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;

Here's an example chapter with correct heading casing: [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2019/Growth mindset development|Growth mindset development]]

-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 10:05, 15 September 2026 (UTC)
|}

&lt;!-- Official topic development feedback --&gt;
{{METF/2026
|1=
&lt;!-- Title --&gt;
# Title and subtitle are correctly worded and use [[w:Letter case#Sentence casing|sentence casing]]
|2=
&lt;!-- Headings --&gt;
# See earlier comment about [[#heading casing|heading casing]]
&lt;!-- Heading structure --&gt;
&lt;!-- 2-level --&gt;
# Promising [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|3-level heading structure]] – could benefit from further development and/or refinement
# Overly complicated; structure seems to be incomplete – consider simplifying to 2 levels
# Remove &quot;Key Points&quot; and &quot;Book Chapter Direction&quot;
&lt;!-- Conceptual --&gt;
&lt;!-- Other ---&gt;
# Avoid having sections with only 1 sub-heading – use 0 or 2+ sub-headings (fixed)
&lt;!-- Alignment with focus questions --&gt;
# Insufficient alignment between sub-title, focus questions, and top-level headings
&lt;!-- GenAI ---&gt;
# Are the headings based on [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI content]]? If so, this needs to be acknowledged in the edit summaries, otherwise it violates academic integrity.
|3=
&lt;!-- Overview--&gt;
# Excellent – Scenario, image, evocative description of the problem/topic, and focus questions
# Very good
# Good
# Basic
# Insufficient
# Hasn't been developed – Needs scenario, image, evocative description of the problem/topic, and focus questions
&lt;!-- GenAI ---&gt;
# Does this section include [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI content]]? If so, it needs to be acknowledged as such in the edit summaries, otherwise it violates academic integrity.
&lt;!-- Scenario --&gt;
# Promising scenario; would benefit from further development to make it more compelling and illustrative
# I suggest moving the research study from the opening to scenario to later in the chapter and creating a more personal, relatable scenario
# I moved an image into the feature box to help attract reader interest
# I added a caption to the image
# I made the image smaller
&lt;!-- Description --&gt;
# It is unclear why the description focuses on adolescents. The title and sub-title do not specify a focus on this population, although they can be used as example.
&lt;!-- Focus questions --&gt;
&lt;!-- Alignment and quality --&gt;
# Develop closer alignment between the sub-title, focus questions, and top-level headings
#&lt;!-- Other --&gt;
# Use open- rather then close-ended focus questions
|4=
&lt;!-- Key points--&gt;
&lt;!-- Overall --&gt;
# Promising development
# Overly focused on adolescents; address the topic more broadly
# Explain the main theories and how well they are supported by research evidence
# Provide more detailed edit summaries
&lt;!-- Scope --&gt;
# It may be that all planned aspects cannot be reasonably covered within the book chapter word count, so be selective and concentrate on key aspects that address the question in the sub-title
# For sections with sub-sections, provide key points for an overview paragraph prior to branching into the sub-headings
# Direct quotes need page numbers (APA style) – even better, express the idea in your own words
# Consider using [https://support.studiosity.com/en/articles/489263-writing-feedback-how-it-works Studiosity Writing Feedback+] via UCLearn or a similar writing-support service (e.g., Grammarly) to improve the quality of written expression and check for grammatical and spelling errors in the book chapter draft.
&lt;!-- Conclusion --&gt;
# Conclusion is underway
# What are the practical, take-home messages? (address the focus questions)
|5=
&lt;!-- Figure --&gt;
# Relevant figure(s) are presented
# A figure caption has been added
# The relevance of the figure to the topic is unclear
&lt;!-- Caption --&gt;
# Figure caption(s) could better explain how the image connects to key points being made in the main text
&lt;!-- Size --&gt;
# Consider decreasing image size(s) to make them less dominant (fixed)
|6=
&lt;!-- Learning feature --&gt;
&lt;!-- Interwiki links ---&gt;
# Add in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] for first mention of key terms to [[w:|Wikipedia]] and/or [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]] (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
&lt;!-- Scenarios/examples/case studies --&gt;
# Consider incorporating additional scenarios, examples, or case studies to illustrate key concepts. These could build on the Overview scenario or introduce new real-world situations in the main body of the chapter to demonstrate how the concepts apply in practice.
&lt;!-- Quiz --&gt;
# Promising use of quiz question(s)
# Place each quiz question in the most relevant section
# Focus the quiz question(s) on the take-home messages
&lt;!-- Tables --&gt;
# Also consider using [[Motivation and emotion/Wikiversity/Tables|table(s)]] to summarise key information
|7=
&lt;!-- References --&gt;
&lt;!-- Overall --&gt;
# Too many - be selective - all references need to be consulted by the author and to be cited in the main body text
&lt;!-- Systematic reviews --&gt;
# At least one relevant systematic review and/or meta-analysis has been identified
&lt;!-- APA style --&gt;
# Check and correct [https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/reference-guide.pdf APA referencing style]:
## [[Help:Wikitext quick reference|italicisation]]
|8=
&lt;!-- Resources --&gt;
&lt;!-- See also --&gt;
# See also
## To be developed (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
## Link to the most relevant Wikiversity book chapters and Wikipedia resources about this topic
&lt;!-- External links --&gt;
# External links
## To be developed (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
## Link to the most relevant external resources about this topic
|9=
&lt;!-- User page --&gt;
# Very good
&lt;!-- Description about self --&gt;
# Description about self provided
&lt;!-- Links to profile(s) --&gt;
# Consider linking to your [https://portfolio.canberra.edu.au/ eportfolio] page and/or any other professional online profile or resume such as [https://www.linkedin.com/ LinkedIn]. This is not required, but it can be useful to interlink your professional networks.
&lt;!-- Link to book chapter --&gt;
# Provide an internal link to the book chapter as shown in [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]]
|10=
&lt;!-- Social contribution --&gt;
# None summarised on user page with direct link(s) to evidence (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing#Social contributions|Tutorial 2]]). Looking ahead to the book chapter, see [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Socialcontribution|social contributions]].
}}
-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 10:05, 15 September 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>kuouqcfg9bio5nln56n86r3o50zszym</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:U3280122</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>332067</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2833306</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-15T10:10:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Move statement from book chapter</comment>
      <origin>2833306</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="100" sha1="lqfck4xhfkrrgt99kcq6k0a0vyinard" xml:space="preserve">Hi my name is Natalia. I am studying this unit motivation and emotion at the University Of Canberra.</text>
      <sha1>lqfck4xhfkrrgt99kcq6k0a0vyinard</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Talk:Motivation and emotion/Book/2026/Interpersonal psychotherapy and emotion</title>
    <ns>1</ns>
    <id>332068</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2833309</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-15T10:34:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Topic development feedback</comment>
      <origin>2833309</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4549" sha1="8b6wrzdg4bkj76rj2eo6vt98oy1ekv4" xml:space="preserve">&lt;!-- Official topic development feedback --&gt;
{{METF/2026
|1=
&lt;!-- Title --&gt;
# Title and subtitle are correctly worded and use [[w:Letter case#Sentence casing|sentence casing]]
|2=
&lt;!-- Headings --&gt;
# See earlier comment about [[#heading casing|heading casing]]
&lt;!-- Heading structure --&gt;
# Promising [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|2-level heading structure]] – could benefit from further development and/or refinement
# There may be too many headings – consider simplifying
# Research is not needed as a separate section; instead, integrate and synthesise relevant research throughout the chapter alongside the theoretical perspectives and real-life applications
&lt;!-- Alignment with focus questions --&gt;
# Excellent alignment between sub-title, focus questions, and heading structure
&lt;!-- GenAI ---&gt;
# Are the headings based on [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI content]]? If so, this needs to be acknowledged in the edit summaries, otherwise it violates academic integrity.
|3=
&lt;!-- Overview--&gt;
# Excellent – Scenario, image, evocative description of the problem/topic, and focus questions
&lt;!-- GenAI ---&gt;
# Does this section include [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI content]]? If so, it needs to be acknowledged as such in the edit summaries, otherwise it violates academic integrity.
&lt;!-- Scenario --&gt;
# An engaging scenario with a relevant image is planned or presented in a feature box at start of the Overview
&lt;!-- Description --&gt;
# A clear description of the problem/topic is planned or presented
&lt;!-- Focus questions --&gt;
&lt;!-- Alignment and quality --&gt;
# The focus questions are well aligned with the sub-title and top-level headings
# Consider integrating research throughout rather than as a stand-alone section
|4=
&lt;!-- Key points--&gt;
&lt;!-- Overall --&gt;
# Promising development
# Focus on providing an integrative review of the most relevant theories and research on the topic
# Do these key points include [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI content]]? If so, this needs to be acknowledged in the edit summaries, otherwise it violates academic integrity.
&lt;!-- Scope --&gt;
# It may be that all planned aspects cannot be reasonably covered within the book chapter word count, so be selective and concentrate on key aspects that address the question in the sub-title
&lt;!-- Writing style --&gt;
# The writing style is clear and easy to follow
&lt;!-- Conclusion --&gt;
# Conclusion is well underway
# What are the practical, take-home messages? (address the focus questions)
|5=
&lt;!-- Figure --&gt;
# Relevant figure(s) are presented and captioned
&lt;!-- Caption --&gt;
# Figure caption(s) provide(s) a clear, appropriately detailed description that is meaningfully connected with the main text
&lt;!-- Cite --&gt;
# Cite each figure at least once in the main text using APA style (e.g., see Figure 1)
|6=
&lt;!-- Learning feature --&gt;
&lt;!-- Interwiki links ---&gt;
# Promising in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] for first mention of key terms to [[w:|Wikipedia]]. Also embed links to [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]].
&lt;!-- Scenarios/examples/case studies --&gt;
# Excellent use of scenarios/examples/case studies
&lt;!-- Quiz --&gt;
# Promising use of quiz question(s)
# Place each quiz question in the most relevant section
# Focus the quiz question(s) on the take-home messages
&lt;!-- Tables --&gt;
# Excellent use of [[Motivation and emotion/Wikiversity/Tables|table(s)]]
# Include acknowledgement (e.g., citation(s)) for sources of information presented in the table
|7=
&lt;!-- References --&gt;
&lt;!-- Overall --&gt;
# Excellent
&lt;!-- Systematic reviews --&gt;
# Well done on identifying relevant systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses
|8=
&lt;!-- Resources --&gt;
&lt;!-- See also --&gt;
# See also
## Excellent
## Use alphabetical order
&lt;!-- External links --&gt;
# External links
## Excellent
## Move academic sources into the &quot;References&quot; sections and provide in-text citation
## Use alphabetical order
|9=
&lt;!-- User page --&gt;
# Not created – see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]]
|10=
&lt;!-- Social contribution --&gt;
# None summarised on user page with direct link(s) to evidence (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing#Social contributions|Tutorial 2]]). Looking ahead to the book chapter, see [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Socialcontribution|social contributions]].
}}
-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 10:34, 15 September 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>8b6wrzdg4bkj76rj2eo6vt98oy1ekv4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Talk:Motivation and emotion/Book/2026/Sensation-seeking and dopamine</title>
    <ns>1</ns>
    <id>332069</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2833311</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-15T11:14:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Topic development feedback</comment>
      <origin>2833311</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5828" sha1="j9gzv0t5n9ghval47k1f7g1ln46bypt" xml:space="preserve">== Heading casing ==
{| style=&quot;float: center; background:transparent;color:inherit;&quot;
|-
| [[File:Crystal Clear app ktip.svg|48px|left]]
| {{#if:U3262868|Hi [[User:U3262868|U3262868]].|}} FYI, the recommended [[Wikiversity]] heading style uses [[w:Letter case#Sentence_case|sentence casing]]. For example:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;Self-determination theory&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
rather than
&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;Self-Determination Theory&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;

Here's an example chapter with correct heading casing: [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2019/Growth mindset development|Growth mindset development]]

-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:14, 15 September 2026 (UTC)
|}

&lt;!-- Official topic development feedback --&gt;
{{METF/2026
|1=
&lt;!-- Title --&gt;
# Title and/or subtitle not correctly worded and/or didn't use [[w:Letter case#Sentence casing|sentence casing]] (fixed)
|2=
&lt;!-- Headings --&gt;
# See earlier comment about [[#heading casing|heading casing]]
&lt;!-- Heading structure --&gt;
&lt;!-- 2-level --&gt;
# Basic [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|2-level heading structure]] – could benefit from further development (expand)
# Make the headings more conceptually distinct
# Remove [[wikt:acronym#Noun|acronym]]s from headings
# Awkwardly worded: &quot;The Relationship Of Dopamine And Sensation-Seeking&quot;
|3=
&lt;!-- Overview--&gt;
# Good
&lt;!-- Scenario --&gt;
# An engaging scenario with a relevant image is planned or presented in a feature box at start of the Overview
# I made the image a bit bigger
&lt;!-- Description --&gt;
# Awkward, confusing description, implying that the D and SS aren't related?
# Add a brief, accurate description of the problem/topic
&lt;!-- Focus questions --&gt;
&lt;!-- Alignment and quality --&gt;
# The focus questions are well aligned with the sub-title and top-level headings
# Develop closer alignment between the sub-title, focus questions, and top-level headings
# Use open- rather then close-ended focus questions
|4=
&lt;!-- Key points--&gt;
&lt;!-- Overall --&gt;
# Partial development
# Provide more detailed edit summaries
&lt;!-- Theory and research --&gt;
# Strive for an integrated balance of the best psychological theory and research about this topic, with practical examples.
&lt;!-- Other --&gt;
# For sections with sub-sections, provide key points for an overview paragraph prior to branching into the sub-headings
# Use correct capitalisation ([https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization APA style is a &quot;down&quot; style]) – [https://polishedpaper.com/blog/capitalization-apa-style more info]
&lt;!-- Conclusion --&gt;
# Conclusion is underdeveloped
# The draft conclusion statements are too broad/vague
# What are the practical, take-home messages? (address the focus questions)
|5=
&lt;!-- Figure --&gt;
# Relevant figure(s) are presented and captioned
&lt;!-- Caption --&gt;
# Figure caption(s) could better explain how the image connects to key points being made in the main text
&lt;!-- Cite --&gt;
# Cite each figure at least once in the main text using APA style (e.g., see Figure 1)
&lt;!-- Size --&gt;
# Consider increasing image size(s) (fixed)
|6=
&lt;!-- Learning feature --&gt;
&lt;!-- Interwiki links ---&gt;
# Add in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] for first mention of key terms to [[w:|Wikipedia]] and/or [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]] (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
&lt;!-- Scenarios/examples/case studies --&gt;
# Consider incorporating additional scenarios, examples, or case studies to illustrate key concepts. These could build on the Overview scenario or introduce new real-world situations in the main body of the chapter to demonstrate how the concepts apply in practice.
&lt;!-- Quiz --&gt;
# Basic use of quiz question(s)
# Place each quiz question in the most relevant section
# Focus the quiz question(s) on the take-home messages
&lt;!-- Tables --&gt;
# Also consider using [[Motivation and emotion/Wikiversity/Tables|table(s)]] to summarise key information
|7=
&lt;!-- References --&gt;
&lt;!-- Overall --&gt;
# Basic
&lt;!-- Systematic reviews --&gt;
# What are the most relevant systematic reviews/meta-analyses about this topic?
&lt;!-- Citations --&gt;
# All references need in-text citation
# Only include references which have been accessed and read
&lt;!-- APA style --&gt;
# Check and correct [https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/reference-guide.pdf APA referencing style]:
## capitalisation
## [[Help:Wikitext quick reference|italicisation]]
## Use primary sources rather than textbooks
|8=
&lt;!-- Resources --&gt;
&lt;!-- See also --&gt;
# See also
## Very good
## Use an internal link style as shown in [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]]
## The Wikipedia link goes to an old version of the page
&lt;!-- External links --&gt;
# External links
## Very good
## Use [[w:Letter case#Sentence casing|sentence casing]]
## Use alphabetical order
|9=
&lt;!-- User page --&gt;
# Very good
&lt;!-- Description about self --&gt;
# Description about self provided
&lt;!-- Links to profile(s) --&gt;
# Consider linking to your [https://portfolio.canberra.edu.au/ eportfolio] page and/or any other professional online profile or resume such as [https://www.linkedin.com/ LinkedIn]. This is not required, but it can be useful to interlink your professional networks.
&lt;!-- Link to book chapter --&gt;
# A link to the book chapter is provided
|10=
&lt;!-- Social contribution --&gt;
# One out of three types of contributions made with direct link(s) to evidence. The other types of contribution are making:
#* comments on the [[Help:Talk page|talk page]]s of other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters (past or current)]]
#* posts about the unit or project on the {{Motivation and emotion/Canvas}} discussion forum
}}
-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:14, 15 September 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>j9gzv0t5n9ghval47k1f7g1ln46bypt</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Talk:Motivation and emotion/Book/2026/Awe and the diminished self</title>
    <ns>1</ns>
    <id>332070</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2833313</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-15T11:40:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Topic development feedback</comment>
      <origin>2833313</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5530" sha1="iud0c9yqbnlf2yoy6625dm4uhyqosfy" xml:space="preserve">&lt;!-- Official topic development feedback --&gt;
{{METF/2026
|1=
&lt;!-- Title --&gt;
# Title and subtitle are correctly worded and use [[w:Letter case#Sentence casing|sentence casing]]
|2=
&lt;!-- Headings --&gt;
# See earlier comment about [[#heading casing|heading casing]]
&lt;!-- Heading structure --&gt;
&lt;!-- 3-level --&gt;
# Overly complicated[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|5-level heading structure]] – consider simplifying
&lt;!-- Conceptual --&gt;
# Messy heading structure – needs work (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
&lt;!-- Other ---&gt;
# Avoid having sections with only 1 sub-heading – use 0 or 2+ sub-headings
# Check grammar (e.g,. missing question mark)
&lt;!-- Remove --&gt;
# Remove sub-headings in the Overview and/or Conclusion (fixed)
&lt;!-- Alignment with focus questions --&gt;
# Insufficient alignment between sub-title, focus questions, and top-level headings
|3=
&lt;!-- Overview--&gt;
# Excellent – Scenario, image, evocative description of the problem/topic, and focus questions
# Very good
# Good
# Basic
# Insufficient
# Hasn't been developed – Needs scenario, image, evocative description of the problem/topic, and focus questions
&lt;!-- GenAI ---&gt;
# Does this section include [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI content]]? If so, it needs to be acknowledged as such in the edit summaries, otherwise it violates academic integrity.
&lt;!-- Scenario --&gt;
# An engaging scenario with a relevant image is planned or presented in a feature box at start of the Overview
&lt;!-- Description --&gt;
# A basic description of the problem/topic is planned or presented
# Consider awe as an emotion
# What are the most relevant psychological theories?
# The topic is not just about awe - it is about the effect of awe on self-perceptio
&lt;!-- Focus questions --&gt;
&lt;!-- Alignment and quality --&gt;
# Develop closer alignment between the sub-title, focus questions, and top-level headings
# There is no need to go beyond the topic (e.g., the last focus question might be a stretch)
|4=
&lt;!-- Key points--&gt;
&lt;!-- Overall --&gt;
# Promising development
# Don't get bogged down in background concepts; the bulk of the chapter should focus on the best psychological theory and research about the effect of awe on the self
&lt;!-- Scope --&gt;
# It is likely that all planned aspects cannot be reasonably covered within the book chapter word count; in that case, be selective and concentrate on key aspects that address the question in the sub-title
&lt;!-- Conclusion --&gt;
# Conclusion is well underway
# Keep this section brief
# What are the practical, take-home messages? (address the focus questions)
|5=
# Relevant figure(s) are presented and captioned
&lt;!-- Caption --&gt;
# Figure caption(s) could better explain how the image connects to key points being made in the main text
&lt;!-- Cite --&gt;
# Cite each figure at least once in the main text using APA style (e.g., see Figure 1)
|6=
&lt;!-- Learning feature --&gt;
&lt;!-- Interwiki links ---&gt;
# Excellent in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] for first mention of key terms to [[w:|Wikipedia]] and/or [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]]
&lt;!-- Scenarios/examples/case studies --&gt;
# Consider incorporating additional scenarios, examples, or case studies to illustrate key concepts. These could build on the Overview scenario or introduce new real-world situations in the main body of the chapter to demonstrate how the concepts apply in practice.
&lt;!-- Quiz --&gt;
# Consider including quiz question(s) about the take-home messages
&lt;!-- Tables --&gt;
# Also consider using [[Motivation and emotion/Wikiversity/Tables|table(s)]] to summarise key information
|7=
&lt;!-- References --&gt;
&lt;!-- Overall --&gt;
# Excellent
# Very good
# Good
# Basic
# Insufficient
# To be developed
&lt;!-- Systematic reviews --&gt;
# Well done on identifying relevant systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses?
&lt;!-- Citations --&gt;
# All references need in-text citation
# Only include references which have been accessed and read
&lt;!-- APA style --&gt;
# Check and correct [https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/reference-guide.pdf APA referencing style]:
## [[Help:Wikitext quick reference|italicisation]]
## include hyperlinked dois
## page numbers should be separated by an en-dash (–) rather than a hyphen (-)
|8=
&lt;!-- Resources --&gt;
&lt;!-- See also --&gt;
# See also
## One of two link types provided
### Also link to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|motivation and emotion book chapters]]
&lt;!-- External links --&gt;
# External links
## Very good
## Use alphabetical order
|9=
&lt;!-- User page --&gt;
# Excellent
&lt;!-- Description about self --&gt;
# Excellent description about self provided
&lt;!-- Links to profile(s) --&gt;
# Consider linking to your [https://portfolio.canberra.edu.au/ eportfolio] page and/or any other professional online profile or resume such as [https://www.linkedin.com/ LinkedIn]. This is not required, but it can be useful to interlink your professional networks.
&lt;!-- Link to book chapter --&gt;
# A link to the book chapter is provided
|10=
&lt;!-- Social contribution --&gt;
# Good – two out of three types of contributions made with direct link(s) to evidence. The other type of contribution is making:
# One out of three types of contributions made with direct link(s) to evidence. The other types of contribution are making:
#* direct improvements to other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters (past or current)]]
}}
-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:40, 15 September 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>iud0c9yqbnlf2yoy6625dm4uhyqosfy</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2833315</id>
      <parentid>2833313</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-15T11:41:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jtneill</username>
        <id>10242</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>2833315</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5531" sha1="ngyn9w9dmhg2bax2q6rdvz34pzbe3l0" xml:space="preserve">&lt;!-- Official topic development feedback --&gt;
{{METF/2026
|1=
&lt;!-- Title --&gt;
# Title and subtitle are correctly worded and use [[w:Letter case#Sentence casing|sentence casing]]
|2=
&lt;!-- Headings --&gt;
# See earlier comment about [[#heading casing|heading casing]]
&lt;!-- Heading structure --&gt;
&lt;!-- 3-level --&gt;
# Overly complicated [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Major project/Structure|5-level heading structure]] – consider simplifying
&lt;!-- Conceptual --&gt;
# Messy heading structure – needs work (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]])
&lt;!-- Other ---&gt;
# Avoid having sections with only 1 sub-heading – use 0 or 2+ sub-headings
# Check grammar (e.g,. missing question mark)
&lt;!-- Remove --&gt;
# Remove sub-headings in the Overview and/or Conclusion (fixed)
&lt;!-- Alignment with focus questions --&gt;
# Insufficient alignment between sub-title, focus questions, and top-level headings
|3=
&lt;!-- Overview--&gt;
# Excellent – Scenario, image, evocative description of the problem/topic, and focus questions
# Very good
# Good
# Basic
# Insufficient
# Hasn't been developed – Needs scenario, image, evocative description of the problem/topic, and focus questions
&lt;!-- GenAI ---&gt;
# Does this section include [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI content]]? If so, it needs to be acknowledged as such in the edit summaries, otherwise it violates academic integrity.
&lt;!-- Scenario --&gt;
# An engaging scenario with a relevant image is planned or presented in a feature box at start of the Overview
&lt;!-- Description --&gt;
# A basic description of the problem/topic is planned or presented
# Consider awe as an emotion
# What are the most relevant psychological theories?
# The topic is not just about awe - it is about the effect of awe on self-perceptio
&lt;!-- Focus questions --&gt;
&lt;!-- Alignment and quality --&gt;
# Develop closer alignment between the sub-title, focus questions, and top-level headings
# There is no need to go beyond the topic (e.g., the last focus question might be a stretch)
|4=
&lt;!-- Key points--&gt;
&lt;!-- Overall --&gt;
# Promising development
# Don't get bogged down in background concepts; the bulk of the chapter should focus on the best psychological theory and research about the effect of awe on the self
&lt;!-- Scope --&gt;
# It is likely that all planned aspects cannot be reasonably covered within the book chapter word count; in that case, be selective and concentrate on key aspects that address the question in the sub-title
&lt;!-- Conclusion --&gt;
# Conclusion is well underway
# Keep this section brief
# What are the practical, take-home messages? (address the focus questions)
|5=
# Relevant figure(s) are presented and captioned
&lt;!-- Caption --&gt;
# Figure caption(s) could better explain how the image connects to key points being made in the main text
&lt;!-- Cite --&gt;
# Cite each figure at least once in the main text using APA style (e.g., see Figure 1)
|6=
&lt;!-- Learning feature --&gt;
&lt;!-- Interwiki links ---&gt;
# Excellent in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] for first mention of key terms to [[w:|Wikipedia]] and/or [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]]
&lt;!-- Scenarios/examples/case studies --&gt;
# Consider incorporating additional scenarios, examples, or case studies to illustrate key concepts. These could build on the Overview scenario or introduce new real-world situations in the main body of the chapter to demonstrate how the concepts apply in practice.
&lt;!-- Quiz --&gt;
# Consider including quiz question(s) about the take-home messages
&lt;!-- Tables --&gt;
# Also consider using [[Motivation and emotion/Wikiversity/Tables|table(s)]] to summarise key information
|7=
&lt;!-- References --&gt;
&lt;!-- Overall --&gt;
# Excellent
# Very good
# Good
# Basic
# Insufficient
# To be developed
&lt;!-- Systematic reviews --&gt;
# Well done on identifying relevant systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses?
&lt;!-- Citations --&gt;
# All references need in-text citation
# Only include references which have been accessed and read
&lt;!-- APA style --&gt;
# Check and correct [https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/reference-guide.pdf APA referencing style]:
## [[Help:Wikitext quick reference|italicisation]]
## include hyperlinked dois
## page numbers should be separated by an en-dash (–) rather than a hyphen (-)
|8=
&lt;!-- Resources --&gt;
&lt;!-- See also --&gt;
# See also
## One of two link types provided
### Also link to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|motivation and emotion book chapters]]
&lt;!-- External links --&gt;
# External links
## Very good
## Use alphabetical order
|9=
&lt;!-- User page --&gt;
# Excellent
&lt;!-- Description about self --&gt;
# Excellent description about self provided
&lt;!-- Links to profile(s) --&gt;
# Consider linking to your [https://portfolio.canberra.edu.au/ eportfolio] page and/or any other professional online profile or resume such as [https://www.linkedin.com/ LinkedIn]. This is not required, but it can be useful to interlink your professional networks.
&lt;!-- Link to book chapter --&gt;
# A link to the book chapter is provided
|10=
&lt;!-- Social contribution --&gt;
# Good – two out of three types of contributions made with direct link(s) to evidence. The other type of contribution is making:
# One out of three types of contributions made with direct link(s) to evidence. The other types of contribution are making:
#* direct improvements to other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters (past or current)]]
}}
-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:40, 15 September 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>ngyn9w9dmhg2bax2q6rdvz34pzbe3l0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
</mediawiki>